List of Assyrian kings

4443: 302: 66: 611: 447: 3240: 1444: 1302: 693:, the Assyrian king was not believed to be divine himself, but was seen as divinely chosen and uniquely qualified for the royal duties. Most kings stressed their legitimacy through their familial connections to previous kings; a king was legitimate through his relation to the previous line of great kings who had been chosen by Ashur. Usurpers who were unrelated to previous kings usually either simply lied about being the son of some previous monarch or claimed that they had been divinely appointed directly by Ashur. 2948: 1373: 1555: 3967: 3695: 3828: 3742: 3781: 212:, and as his chief representative on Earth. In their worldview, Assyria represented a place of order while lands not governed by the Assyrian king (and by extension, the god Ashur) were seen as places of chaos and disorder. As such it was seen as the king's duty to expand the borders of Assyria and bring order and civilization to lands perceived as uncivilized. As Assyria expanded, its rulers gradually adopted grander and more boastful titles. Early kings used 4486:

palace, being constructed. The ancient temple dedicated to the god Ashur was also restored for the second time in the second century AD, and a cultic calendar effectively identical to that used under the Neo-Assyrian Empire was used. Stelae erected by the local rulers of Assur in this time resemble the stelae erected by the Neo-Assyrian kings, though the rulers are depicted in Parthian-style trouser-suits rather than ancient garb. The rulers used the title

4006: 4216: 46: 4130: 9810: 4177: 4083: 4295: 637:. The Assyrians believed that the king was the link between the gods and the earthly realm. As such, it was the king's primary duty to discover the will of the gods and enact this, often through the construction of temples or waging war. To aid the king with this duty, there was a number of priests at the royal court trained in reading and interpreting signs from the gods. 641:

strange languages. Because the king was the earthly link to the gods, it was his duty to spread order throughout the world through the military conquest of these strange and chaotic countries. As such, imperial expansion was not just expansion for expansion's sake but was also seen as a process of bringing divine order and destroying chaos to create civilization.

744:

and many of the names of the earliest rulers rhyme (suggesting an invented pattern). This is further corroborated by the absence of certain figures in the list known to have ruled in Assur before the Puzur-Ashur dynasty (the governors under Assur's foreign rulers). The Synchronistic King List diverges from the Assyrian King List and considers

1020:. The precise dates of the highly incomplete sequence of figures listed below are unknown and none of them appear among the rulers before Puzur-Ashur I in the king list. Perhaps their absence could be explained by these figures not being considered to be proper kings. Several are however attested with the title "supreme judge" ( 5060:, Ashur-nirari V ruled for 10 years. As the Assyrians counted reign lengths from the first full year as king (in this case 754 BC), 10 years are only achieved if Ashur-nirari V actually ruled until 744 BC. Perhaps an error, alternatively it is possible that there was a co-regency between Ashur-nirari V and Tiglath-Pileser III. 5015:(though it may in this way have been based on errors in earlier king lists). There is little evidence as to which figure is correct in regards to Ashur-dan I, but it is unlikely that Ninurta-apal-Ekur would have ruled for only 3 years given that 11 eponyms could possibly be referred to his reign and because the 4485:

A semi-autonomous city-state under Parthian suzerainty appears to have formed around the city of Assur, Assyria's oldest capital, near, or shortly after, the end of the 2nd century BC. In this period, the ancient city flourished, with some old buildings being restored and some new ones, such as a new

4965:

The Khorsabad and Seventh Day Adventist copies of the Assyrian King List designated Adad-nirari I as the son of Enlil-nirari (and thus Arik-den-ili's brother). The Nassouhi copy designates him as Arik-den-ili's son, which must be correct given that Adad-nirari I's own inscriptions also state that he

4861:

Contemporary inscriptions at Assur attest that the king Puzur-Sin deposed the Shamshi-Adad dynasty, on account of their line having been started by a foreign usurper. Puzur-Sin, and any potential successors of his line, were omitted in the Assyrian King List and no reference to him survives from the

4492:

of Assur ("master of Assur") and appear to have viewed themselves as continuing the old Assyrian royal tradition. These stelae retain the shape, framing and placement (often in city gates) of stelae erected under the ancient kings and also depict the central figure in reverence of the moon and sun,

1519:

The dynasty founded by Shamshi-Adad I, who deposed the Puzur-Ashur dynasty, is conventionally known as the 'Shamshi-Adad dynasty', after its founder. During the rule of Shamshi-Adad I and his successors, of Amorite descent and originally from the south, a more absolute form of kingship, inspired by

743:

The Assyrian King List includes a long sequence of rulers before Assyria's first confidently attested kings (of the Puzur-Ashur dynasty), though it is suspected by modern scholars that at least portions of this line of rulers are invented since none of the names are attested in contemporary records

5032:

Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur and Mutakkil-Nusku are stated by the Assyrian King List to have ruled "briefly", with no reference to how long that is. Though it is thus typically assumed that neither ruled a full regnal year, this is impossible to verify and all dates above are thus somewhat uncertain. The

4809:

It is not certain that Mut-Ashkur or Rimush actually ruled Assyria. Their names do not appear in the more complete copies of the Assyrian King List, which instead skip directly from Ishme-Dagan I to Ashur-dugul, and are only attested from a fragmentary copy of the list, KAV 14. It is possible that

4509:

The sequence of local rulers of Assur under the three or four centuries of Parthian suzerainty is poorly known. Only five names are attested and their dates, their precise order and how they relate to each other is not clear. The order used here follows Aggoula (1985). There are large gaps in this

5019:

makes him out to be a contemporary of three Babylonian kings with relatively long reigns. A larger amount of inscriptions are also known from Ninurta-apal-Ekur's reign than from Ashur-dan's reign, which does not suggest that it was so brief. Most modern historians use the longest figures for both

718:

722–705 BC). The inscriptions of these kings completely lack any familial references to previous kings, instead stressing that Ashur himself had appointed them directly with phrases such as "Ashur called my name", "Ashur placed me on the throne" and "Ashur placed his merciless weapon in my hand".

4946:

The length of the reigns of Ashur-rabi I and Ashur-nadin-ahhe I, who ruled in a period of instability, are broken off in all known copies of the Assyrian King List and there is no sure way of calculating them accurately. This list follows the proposed dates of Düring (2020). Other proposed dates

4871:

The Assyrian King List assigns Ashur-apla-idi and the five "usurpers" after him to the reign of Ashur-dugul, as his rivals. Their rule together cannot have covered more than one year and some Assyriologists believe it to be appropriate to omit them entirely from the sequence of kings as the list

600:

The great king, the mighty king, king of the Universe, king of Assyria, viceroy of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, son of Sennacherib, the great king, the mighty king, king of Assyria, grandson of Sargon, the great king, the mighty king, king of Assyria; who under the protection of Assur, Sin,

524:

royal inscriptions tend to glorify the strength and power of the king. Assyrian titularies usually also often emphasize the royal genaeology of the king, something Babylonian titularies do not, and also drive home the king's moral and physical qualities while downplaying his role in the judicial

4988:

Depending on the copy, the Assyrian King List assigns either 13 or 3 years to Ninurta-apal-Ekur, and either 36 or 46 years to his successor Ashur-dan I, which means that different reconstructions of the sequence of Assyrian kings can contradict each other by as much as 10–20 years. In both the

1182:

2025 BC. Some historians on the other hand speculate that Puzur-Ashur was not a new dynastic founder, but that his dynasty actually began earlier, perhaps by Sulili. The dynasty has thus also been termed the 'Sulili–Puzur-Ashur dynasty'. The dynasty has also been referred to simply as the 'Old

640:

The heartland of the Assyrian realm, Assyria itself, was thought to represent a serene and perfect place of order whilst the lands governed by foreign powers were perceived as infested with disorder and chaos. The peoples of these "outer" lands were seen as uncivilized, strange and as speaking

560:

Assyrian royal titularies were often changed depending on where the titles were to be displayed, the titles of the same Assyrian king would have been different in their home country of Assyria and in conquered regions. Those Neo-Assyrian kings who controlled the city of Babylon used a "hybrid"

279:

survived the fall of their empire and kept their own cultural and religious traditions (though were Christianized in the 1st–3rd centuries AD). At times, Assur and other Assyrian cities were afforded great deals of autonomy by its foreign rulers after the 7th century BC, particularly under the

419:

One problem that arises with the Assyrian King List is that the creation of the list may have been more motivated by political interest than actual chronological and historical accuracy. In times of civil strife and confusion, the list still adheres to a single royal line of descent, probably

344:

officials for each year, appointed by the king to preside over the celebration of the New Year festival). Because of the consistency between the list and the method through which it was created, modern scholars usually accept the regnal years mentioned as more or less correct. There are some

1520:

that of Babylon, was introduced in Assyria. During the preceding Puzur-Ashur dynasty, royal power in Assur had been more limited than in other cities, with inscriptions describing how the king worked in tandem with the city assembly to establish law and order. The earliest use of the term

376:, and are generally considered reliable for the age. It is however clear that parts of the list are fictional, as some known kings are not found on the list and other listed kings are not independently verified. Originally it was assumed that the list was first written in the time of 4481:

empires, Assyria experienced a remarkable recovery. Under the last two or so centuries of Parthian rule, archaeological surveys have shown that the region reached a density of settlements that is only comparable to what the region was like under the Neo-Assyrian Empire.

672:

The king was also tasked with protecting his own people, often being referred to as a "shepherd". This protection included defending against external enemies and defending citizens from dangerous wild animals. To the Assyrians, the most dangerous animal of all was the

4872:

makes no claim that any of them ruled in their own right, and not just as rivals of Ashur-dugul. There is also doubt that these figures claimed to be kings and fought against Ashur-dugul in the first place since the sequence of names is suspiciously similar to the

5113:(i.e. Sennacherib). This figure is not attested elsewhere and is generally regarded to be an invented anachronistic and Christianized version of the ancient king Sennacherib, cast in a role befitting the then Christian Assyrians so that he could still be revered. 4780:, considered the most accurate chronology of Mesopotamian history by the majority of researchers on the basis of known evidence and synchronisms, Hammurabi is dated to 1792–1750 BC. Hammurabi's 17th regnal year thus corresponds (in this chronology) to 1776 BC. 5091:

Sîn-šar-iškun became king even though Aššur-etil-ilāni is known to have had sons of his own. Historically, it has often been assumed that Aššur-etil-ilāni was deposed by Sîn-šar-iškun after a civil war, but there is no contemporary evidence to support

792:, Shamshi-Adad's supposed ancestral home. Including these figures may have served to justify Shamshi-Adad's rise to the throne, either through obscuring his non-Assyrian origins or through inserting his ancestors into the sequence of Assyrian kings. 4975:

Depending on the copy, the Assyrian King List assigns either 3 (Khorsabad and Seventh Day Adventist copies) or 4 (Nassouhi copy) years to Ashur-nadin-apli. Analysis of timespans from the time of the later king Esarhaddon favors 4 rather than 3

4900:

In the Seventh Day Adventist copy of the Assyrian King List, Puzur-Ashur III is accorded a reign of 24 years, whereas the Nassouhi copy gives 14 years. In later Assyrian historiography, the dates used varied. Scribes working in the reigns of

65: 4824:

No sources record the length of Mut-Ashkur's reign or the reigns of his immediate successors. Reade (2001) speculatively assigned 29 years to the period between Ishme-Dagan I and Puzur-Sin (i.e. the reigns of Mut-Ashkur, Rimush and

677:, used (similarly to foreign powers) as an example of chaos and disorder due to their aggressive nature. To prove themselves worthy of rule and illustrate that they were competent protectors, Assyrian kings engaged in ritual 446: 593:", both assumed by Esarhaddon, illustrate that he was both Assyrian (Ashur and Mullissu, the main pair of Assyrian deities) and a legitimate ruler over Babylon (Marduk and Sarpanit, the main pair of Babylonian deities). 8749: 758:

1974–1935 BC), the fourth king of the Puzur-Ashur dynasty, to be the first king of Assyria. Though it includes earlier names, the Assyrian King List does not list the length of the rule of any king before Erishum I.

1177:

The dynasty founded by Puzur-Ashur is conventionally known by modern historians as the 'Puzur-Ashur dynasty' after its founder. Puzur-Ashur I is generally seen as the founder of Assyria as an independent city-state

530:

Assyrian epithets about royal lineage vary in how far they stretch back, most often simply discussing lineage in terms of "son of ..." or "brother of ...". Some cases display lineage stretching back much further,

762:

Given that the earliest rulers are described as "kings who lived in tents", they, if real, may not have ruled Assur at all but rather have been nomadic tribal chieftains somewhere in its vicinity. As in the

5073:

designates him as a son of Ashur-nirari V, his immediate predecessor. His parentage is disputed among modern historians due to the large timegap (38 years) between his accession and Adad-nirari III's death.

561:

titulary of sorts in the south, combining aspects of the Assyrian and Babylonian tradition, similar to how the traditional Babylonian deities were promoted in the south alongside the Assyrian main deity of

4852:

was used for priest-like people who were neither male nor female. If this would be the case, the person Puzur-Sin drove from Assur could have been the earlier Rimush, and not a separate king called Asinum.

420:

ignoring rival claimants to the throne. Additionally, there are some known inconsistencies between the list and actual inscriptions by Assyrian kings, often regarding dynastic relationships. For instance,

773:

tribal-geographical names with no relation to Assyria at all. It is possible that the 'kings who were ancestors', who are not attested in any other sources as present at Assur, refer to the ancestors of

769:, several names may also have belonged to rulers who were contemporaries/rivals, rather than successors and predecessors of one another. Some researchers have dismissed these names as a mixture of 7432:

Chavalas, Mark (1994). "Genealogical History as "Charter": A Study of Old Babylonian Period Historiography and the Old Testament". In Millard, A. R.; Hoffmeier, James K.; Baker, David W. (eds.).

4989:

Khorsabad (and SDAS) copy (3+46) and the Nassouhi copy (13+36), the total length of their reigns together adds up to 49 years. Inscriptions by Assyrian kings who ruled generations later, such as

5020:

kings, giving Ninurta-apal-Ekur 13 years and Ashur-dan I 46 years. Some argue with keeping to the 49 year-total, through assigning the shorter figure to either Ninurta-apal-Ekur or Ashur-dan I.

681:. Lion-hunting was reserved for Assyrian royalty and was a public event, staged at parks in or near the Assyrian cities. In some cases, the hunt even took place with captive lions in an arena. 4956:

The Khorsabad copy of the Assyrian King List designates Ashur-nirari II as the son of his predecessor Enlil-nasir II, but contemporary inscriptions prove that he was the son of Ashur-rabi I.

1530:', though these styles fell into a long period of disuse again after his death. The short-lived realm founded by Shamshi-Adad I is sometimes referred to as the Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia. 4457:

The defeat of Ashur-uballit II at Harran in 609 BC marked the end of the ancient Assyrian monarchy, which was never restored. The territory of the Assyrian Empire was split between the

247:, a list kept and developed by the ancient Assyrians themselves over the course of several centuries. Though some parts of the list are probably fictional, the list accords well with 185:, which was founded in the late 21st century BC and fell in the late 7th century BC. For much of its early history, Assyria was little more than a city-state, centered on the city 4204:

Son of Sennacherib. After Sennacherib was killed by Arda-Mulissu, Esarhaddon had to fight a six-week-long civil war against his brother before he successfully assumed the throne.

4846:

is usually interpreted as a proper name (i.e. the last king of Shamshi-Adad's dynasty was called Asinum) but it is not impossible that it was a title or nickname since the term

10359: 4442: 5016: 1183:

Assyrian dynasty'. These kings, beginning with Puzur-Ashur I, took power in the aftermath of the collapse of the Neo-Sumerian Empire, which had ruled over Assyria.

596:

To exemplify an Assyrian royal title from the time Assyria ruled all of Mesopotamia, the titulature preserved in one of Esarhaddon's inscriptions reads as follows:

3862:

Adad-nirari III's late reign began an obscure period from which few sources survive and Assyrian officials wielded great power. Presumably died of natural causes.

193:, and in its last few centuries it dominated the region as the largest empire the world had seen thus far. Ancient Assyrian history is typically divided into the 4772:

Shamshi-Adad I's death can be precisely dated relative to the sequence of Babylonian kings, as he is known to have died in the 17th year of the Babylonian king

4493:

an ever-present motif in the ancient royal stelae. This second period of prominent Assyrian cultural development at Assur came to and with the conquests of the

8787:"Now It Happened in Those Days": Studies in Biblical, Assyrian, and Other Ancient Near Eastern Historiography Presented to Mordechai Cogan on His 75th Birthday 8240:

The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 3 Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC

8081: 903:

The kings are listed in reverse order in the AKL, starting from Aminu and ending with Apiashal(who is also included in the list of kings who lived in tents).

788:

1808–1776 BC), given that other sources claim that his father was named Ilu-kabkabu, and they might thus not have been kings of Assyria, but rather rulers of

1930:

dynasty, after Bel-bani's father. In Babylonia, this dynasty of kings was called the "Baltil dynasty", Baltil being the oldest portion of the city of Assur.

5033:

dates prior are known to be reasonably accurate however as there exists preserved letters from Ashur-uballit I (dated here to 1363–1328 BC) to the Egyptian

301: 9590: 5082:

Although he was a short-lived usurper who never achieved control of the Assyrian heartland, Sîn-šumu-līšir is generally counted among the kings of Assyria.

4834:

The inscription by the king Puzur-Sin, who deposed and succeeded Shamshi-Adad I's family, states that he drove Shamshi-Adad's "grandson" (or "descendant")

3994:

Son of either Adad-nirari III or Ashur-nirari V. Succeeded Ashur-nirari V in uncertain circumstances, either legitimately or through a coup or civil war.

610: 601:

Shamash, Nabu, Marduk, Ishtar of Nineveh, Ishtar of Arbela, the great gods, his lords, made his way from the rising to the setting sun, having no rival.

332:). The three lists are largely consistent with each other, all originally copies of a single original list, and are based on the yearly appointments of 10183: 4810:

they controlled Ekallatum alone. Reade (2001) believes that Shamshi-Adad's descendants continued to rule at Assur as well until Puzur-Sin deposed them.

658:

1243–1207 BC) states that the king received a royal scepter and was commanded to "broaden the land of Ashur". A similar inscription from the reign of

4328:

courtier and general. Influential under the reign of Aššur-etil-ilāni, rebelled upon the accession of Sîn-šar-iškun. Ruled only northern Babylonia.

4207:

Brought Assyria to its greatest ever extent. Plagued by illnesses throughout his life. Died of natural causes on his way to campaign against Egypt.

4110:

Claimed to be a son of Tiglath-Pileser III, actual connections to previous royalty disputed. Seized the throne from Shalmaneser V in a palace coup.

644:

There exists several ancient inscriptions in which the god Ashur explicitly orders kings to extend the borders of Assyria. A text from the reign of

520:

In contrast to the titles employed by the Babylonian kings in the south, which typically focused on the protective role and the piety of the king,

10352: 3997:

Revitalized the Assyrian Empire and made it the supreme imperial and political power in the Near East. Conquered Babylon. Died a natural death.

7696:

Frahm, Eckart (2014). "Family Matters: Psychohistorical Reflections on Sennacherib and His Times". In Kalimi, Isaac; Richardson, Seth (eds.).

10488: 4469:

survived the fall of the empire, though Assyria continued to be a sparsely populated and marginal region under the Neo-Babylonian and later

10499: 10178: 7512: 1526:(king) in Assyrian inscriptions comes from Shamshi-Adad I's reign. Shamshi-Adad I was also the first Assyrian king to assume the title ' 189:, but from the 14th century BC onwards, Assyria rose under a series of warrior kings to become one of the major political powers of the 10345: 81:

669–631 BC) engaged in a lion hunt, a royal ritual meant to symbolically represent the Assyrian king's duty to bring order to the world

1164:

Name inscribed on a seal. Perhaps identifiable with the Assyrian King List's Sulili, but described as the son of Dakiki (not Aminu).

208:

The ancient Assyrians did not believe that their king was divine himself, but saw their ruler as the vicar of their principal deity,

1927:

The dynasty founded by Bel-bani, which ruled Assyria throughout most of its history, is conventionally known as the Adaside or Adasi

10234: 9583: 8994: 4250:

Generally regarded as the last great Assyrian king. Fate unclear due to lack of surviving sources, probably died a natural death.

9795: 8630:"The titles 'King of Sumer and Akkad' and 'King of Karduniaš', and the Assyro-Babylonian relationship during the Sargonid Period" 10557: 345:

differences between the copies of the list, notably in that they offer somewhat diverging regnal years before the reign of king

7401:"Die aramäischen Inschriften aus Assur, Hatra und dem übrigen Ostmesopotamien (datiert 44 v. Chr. bis 238 n. Chr.): Nachträge" 4862:

inscriptions of any later Assyrian ruler. It is possible that he was considered to be an usurper who deserved to be forgotten.

8618: 7975: 6197: 574: 263:, and is generally considered reliable for the age. The line of Assyrian kings ended with the defeat of Assyria's final king 237: 10461: 7676: 10413: 10604: 9925: 9576: 8039: 10609: 10599: 8794: 8738: 8708: 8578: 8528: 8468: 8411: 8334: 8248: 8165: 8144: 8070: 8049: 8017: 7996: 7886: 7863: 7732: 7711: 7686: 7665: 7644: 7621: 7536: 7464: 7368: 7328: 7307: 7273: 7228: 4247:

inherited Babylonia, but after their civil war in 652–648 BC, Ashurbanipal strengthened his hold on the south as well.

7318: 7246:]. Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Assur (in German). Leipzig: J. C. Hinrich'sche Buchhandlung. 9652: 8599: 8123: 8102: 7928: 7907: 7780: 7753: 7443: 7389: 8324: 7635:. In Gaspa, Salvatore; Greco, Alessandro; Morandi Bonacossi, Daniele; Ponchia, Simonetta; Rollinger, Robert (eds.). 10316: 7340:

Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten: Die Zeitbestimmung der ägyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v. Chr

7526: 7474:

Dalley, Stephanie (1994). "Nineveh, Babylon and the Hanging Gardens: Cuneiform and Classical Sources Reconciled".

5011:

681–669 BC), suggest that the combined 49-year figure made became the established version within ancient Assyrian

7588: 4411:. Formally ruling with the title of crown prince since he was unable to undergo traditional coronation at Assur. 8155: 10546: 10229: 10213: 8238: 7347: 4723:). Some historians regard Ashur-uballit I as the first Assyrian king since he was the first to adopt the style 4687: 3772:

Fully restored Assyia's ancient borders, though there was again decline after his death. Died a natural death.

8873: 4789:

The Assyrian King List accords Ishme-Dagan I a reign of 40 or 50 years (depending on the copy). He ruled from

4446:

Detail of a stele in the style of the Neo-Assyrian royal steles erected in Assur in the 2nd century AD (under

3819:, though it became independent again in the reign of his son. Died relatively young in unclear circumstances. 10255: 10265: 10000: 8987: 6764: 4605:

Akkadian-derived Aramaic name. Mentioned as the father of a person (whose name is illegible) in a relief.

10321: 10203: 10198: 10133: 9809: 7899:

Assyrian Origins: Discoveries at Ashur on the Tigris: Antiquities in the Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin

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The Assyrian King List gives no regnal dates for the first three kings of the Puzur-Ashur dynasty and no

8893: 10326: 9935: 8728: 8083:

Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia Volume 2: Historical Records of Assyria From Sargon to the End

7218: 8304: 8258:

Parker, Bradley J. (2011). "The Construction and Performance of Kingship in the Neo-Assyrian Empire".

3958:

Fate unclear due to the lack of surviving sources, possibly deposed and killed by Tiglath-Pileser III

275:

in 609 BC, after which Assyria disappeared as an independent political unit, never to rise again. The

10010: 9825: 8700:

Middle East Conflicts from Ancient Egypt to the 21st Century: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection

8060: 4386: 542:

667–648 BC) describes himself as a "descendant of Sargon II", his great-grandfather. More extremely,

8750:"Translating the Seleucid βασίλισσα. Notes on the titulature of Stratonice in the Borsippa cylinder" 8305:"National and Ethnic Identity in the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Assyrian Identity in Post-Empire Times" 7874: 6788: 795:

The early portion of the Assyrian King List contains these otherwise historically unverified names:

10536: 10392: 9965: 9607: 8953: 4793:, near Assur, and it is possible that his reign overlapped with that of his father as letters from 4681: 4301: 577:", by the Assyrian kings served to legitimize their rule and assert their control over Babylon and 365: 252: 218:(representative/viceroy of Ashur), considering the god Ashur to be the true king. From the time of 8785:. In Baruchi-Unna, Amitai; Forti, Tova; Aḥituv, Shmuel; Ephʿal, Israel; Tigay, Jeffrey H. (eds.). 4258: 629:

Ancient Assyria was an absolute monarchy, with the king believed to be appointed directly through

10594: 10440: 10368: 10275: 10208: 10102: 9955: 9873: 9868: 9018: 8980: 8423:"Last Emperor or Crown Prince Forever? Aššur-uballiṭ II of Assyria according to Archival Sources" 4693: 566: 441: 229: 4947:

include neither king having a full regnal year of their own or a combined reign of 14+15 years.

4934:

681–669 BC). Among modern scholars, the 24-year figure has more support than the 14-year figure.

10516: 10306: 10158: 9917: 9304: 2772: 914: 350: 198: 8913: 7259: 6187: 493:

became independent, many of the new sovereign rulers refrained from taking the title of king (

9975: 9375: 8805: 7986: 6916: 5525: 4458: 4437: 4368: 3146: 999: 962: 870: 810: 733: 630: 477:

2334–2154 BC), the Mesopotamian civilization that preceded the later kingdoms of Assyria and

373: 361: 268: 260: 248: 8853: 6696: 6672: 5069:

Tiglath-Pileser III claimed in his own inscriptions to be a son of Adad-nirari III, but the

4713:

Early Assyrian rulers, who ruled little more than a city-state, typically styled themselves

4343: 10402: 10193: 10153: 9632: 9090: 4873: 4760: 4744: 4501:

240, whereafter the Ashur temple was destroyed again and the city's people were dispersed.

3325:

Son of Tiglath-Pileser I; a century-long period of decline followed Ashur-bel-kala's death

1527: 1450: 975:

There are six of them, including three kings that are part of the Old Assyrian empire from

908: 875: 850: 570: 233: 8933: 8208:

Novák, Mirko; Younansardaroud, Helen (2002). "Mār Behnāum, Sohn des Sanherib von Nimrūd".

4763:

suggest that they together ruled for 64 years, but the distribution of years is not known.

8: 10382: 10280: 10188: 10163: 9970: 9945: 9512: 9455: 9289: 9039: 8834: 4644:

Indirectly mentioned in an inscription by his nephews, though his name is not preserved.

4407:

Possibly son of Sîn-šar-iškun. Organized resistance against the Medes and Babylonians at

3973: 3594: 2708: 1207: 1128: 697: 615: 504: 482: 455: 202: 194: 10337: 8629: 7939: 7881:. Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens. Athens: The Danish Institute at Athens. 7342:. Münchner Ägyptologische Studien (in German). Vol. 46. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern. 6740: 6573: 3586:

Son of Tiglath-Pileser II, began to reconquer the territory lost under his predecessors

3106:

Great-great-great-grandson of Adad-nirari I, usurped the throne from his distant cousin

394:

1049–1031 BC). The oldest of the surviving king-lists, List A (8th century BC) stops at

10270: 10239: 10138: 9985: 9902: 9472: 9440: 9435: 9360: 9284: 9279: 9264: 8769: 8672: 8555: 8507: 8499: 8447: 8373: 8365: 8291: 8283: 8225: 8196: 7950: 7840: 7832: 7803: 7575: 7567: 7499: 7491: 7435:

Faith, Tradition, and History: Old Testament Historiography in Its Near Eastern Context

7420: 5109:

there was also an independent Assyrian king at Nineveh in the fourth century AD, named

3665: 3536: 3507: 3050: 2676: 2644: 2548: 765: 395: 6852: 10572: 10450: 10260: 10117: 10112: 10097: 10032: 9950: 9907: 9627: 9622: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9365: 9345: 9116: 8790: 8773: 8734: 8704: 8685: 8614: 8595: 8574: 8559: 8524: 8511: 8464: 8407: 8377: 8330: 8295: 8275: 8244: 8229: 8200: 8161: 8140: 8119: 8098: 8066: 8045: 8013: 7992: 7971: 7964: 7924: 7903: 7882: 7859: 7844: 7776: 7759: 7749: 7728: 7707: 7682: 7661: 7640: 7617: 7579: 7532: 7503: 7460: 7439: 7385: 7364: 7343: 7324: 7303: 7269: 7247: 7224: 7205: 6193: 4990: 4913: 4777: 4470: 4244: 3730: 3275: 3246: 3210: 3082: 2954: 1651: 1114:

Attested as governor of Assur in an Akkadian-period list from Ur of local governors.

1016:

under foreign suzerainty are known from contemporary sources from before the time of

645: 578: 532: 451: 281: 190: 162: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5129: 3855:

Son of Shamshi-Adad V. Probably young at the time of his father's death, his mother

3239: 383:

1800 BC but it now is considered to date from much later, probably from the time of

10173: 10168: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10052: 10047: 10037: 9853: 9710: 9695: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9647: 9557: 9547: 9542: 9477: 9355: 9350: 9229: 8761: 8664: 8547: 8491: 8357: 8267: 8217: 8188: 7954: 7824: 7703: 7559: 7514:

Situation and Organisation: The Empire Building of Tiglath-Pileser III (745-728 BC)

7483: 7412: 6896: 6533: 6404: 4053: 3701: 3018: 2986: 2324: 1443: 1301: 499:), instead applying that title to their principal deities (in the case of Assyria, 369: 264: 256: 133: 2947: 1372: 10107: 10082: 10077: 10057: 10005: 9995: 9990: 9980: 9960: 9930: 9882: 9878: 9848: 9492: 9482: 9425: 9415: 9410: 9320: 9274: 9239: 9219: 9168: 8698: 8589: 8568: 8271: 8192: 8134: 8113: 8092: 8028: 8007: 7918: 7897: 7853: 7743: 7722: 7697: 7655: 7611: 7454: 7433: 7379: 7358: 7297: 7263: 6640: 5126: 4494: 4478: 4474: 4466: 4447: 4415: 4376: 3834: 3809: 3748: 3449: 3391: 3362: 2782: 2612: 2388: 2260: 1900: 1057: 470: 421: 384: 285: 276: 219: 119: 8594:(2nd Revised and Expanded ed.). Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press. 7299:

The History of the Ancient World: From the Earliest Accounts to the Fall of Rome

6720: 4331:

The only eunuch to ever claim the throne of Assyria. Defeated by Sîn-šar-iškun.

10087: 9507: 9497: 9487: 9467: 9420: 9400: 9380: 9269: 9234: 9224: 9209: 9138: 9100: 9085: 8650:"The Antiochus Cylinder, Babylonian Scholarship and Seleucid Imperial Ideology" 8386: 8221: 7548:"Representing Ashur: The Old Assyrian Rulers' Seals and Their Ur III Prototype" 7416: 6553: 5012: 4630:

Akkadian-derived Aramaic name. Mentioned in inscriptions and in his own stele.

3934: 3870: 3787: 3636: 3420: 3304: 3178: 2580: 2356: 2292: 2196: 1785: 1561: 1554: 1411: 775: 425: 377: 8765: 8668: 7571: 7547: 7487: 4613: 4451: 3966: 3733:. First Assyrian king to make extensive use of reliefs. Died a natural death. 1076:

2279–2270 BC) (?), described as the son of Ininlaba (possibly another ruler?)

10588: 10430: 9887: 9735: 9642: 9552: 9517: 9502: 9430: 9405: 9340: 9335: 9254: 9244: 9184: 9105: 9055: 8361: 8279: 7896:

Harper, Prudence O.; Klengel-Brandt, Evelyn; Aruz, Joan; Benzel, Kim (1995).

7209: 7054: 6260: 4902: 4462: 4118: 4114: 4012: 3902: 3478: 3333: 2915: 2883: 2484: 2420: 2028: 1593: 1217: 1017: 976: 690: 565:. The assumption of many traditional southern titles, including the ancient " 406: 325: 272: 111: 7381:

Die aramäischen Inschriften aus Assur, Hatra und dem übrigen Ostmesopotamien

7251: 4656: 4619: 4592: 4567: 4541: 4535: 4487: 9892: 9705: 9637: 9537: 9445: 9330: 9325: 9294: 9259: 8806:"The Revolt of 746 B.C and the Coming of Tiglath-pileser III to the Throne" 8438:

Reade, J. E. (1998). "Assyrian eponyms, kings and pretenders, 648-605 BC".

6812: 4222: 4165: 3694: 3565: 2851: 2819: 2740: 2516: 678: 659: 429: 71: 7815:

Hallo, William W. (1980). "Royal Titles from the Mesopotamian Periphery".

7763: 6103: 4729:(king of Assyria), which was then in consistent use from his time onwards. 3827: 3741: 316:

Incomplete king-lists have been recovered from three of the major ancient

10311: 10301: 10092: 10024: 9897: 9785: 9599: 9527: 9370: 9214: 9162: 9156: 9133: 9060: 8649: 7637:

From Source to History: Studies on Ancient Near Eastern Worlds and Beyond

7283:

Azize, Joseph (1998). "Who was responsible for the Assyrian King List?".

5102: 4794: 4759:

The reign lengths of Naram-Sin and Erishum II are approximate; preserved

4720: 4136: 4037: 3856: 3780: 3114: 2228: 1878: 1856: 1756: 1247: 1089: 956: 634: 562: 500: 469:

Assyrian royal titles typically followed trends that had begun under the

346: 209: 178: 51: 8676: 8451: 8287: 7807: 7791: 7699:

Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem: Story, History and Historiography

7424: 7400: 7199: 4005: 10478: 9843: 9838: 9532: 9110: 9095: 8369: 8345: 7836: 7495: 5106: 5001: 4924: 4215: 4183: 1625: 1482: 543: 306: 9568: 8503: 8479: 7852:

Hauser, Stefan R. (2017). "Post-Imperial Assyria". In E. Frahm (ed.).

4364:

Son of Ashurbanipal, succeeded as king after Aššur-etil-ilāni's death

4129: 240:", were added, often to assert their control over all of Mesopotamia. 45: 10148: 9833: 9720: 9657: 9522: 9204: 9189: 9150: 9144: 9128: 9070: 9065: 8326:

Israel and Empire: A Postcolonial History of Israel and Early Judaism

7745:

Assyrian Royal Inscriptions: From the beginning to Ashur-resha-ishi I

7204:(in French). Vol. 2. Naples: Instituto Universitario Orientale. 6614: 6612: 6165: 6163: 6161: 5037: 4923:

1114–1076 BC) used 14 years, whereas scribes working in the reign of

4790: 4773: 4176: 4089: 2164: 2060: 1834: 1812: 1729: 1308: 1274: 980: 950: 745: 708: 357:

1178 BC). After his time, the lists are identical in their contents.

8782: 8422: 8176: 7828: 7015: 6073: 6071: 6069: 4797:

show that he only ruled for about 11 years after his father's death.

4082: 428:, but from inscriptions it is known that he was actually the son of 10285: 9940: 9863: 9858: 9765: 9750: 9745: 9700: 9174: 9080: 8972: 8551: 8495: 8177:"Chronology and History in the Late Assyrian Empire (631—619 B.C.)" 7988:

International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa

7632: 7563: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6128: 6126: 6036: 6034: 5110: 4667:

Akkadian-derived Aramaic name. Mentioned in multiple inscriptions.

1964: 1379: 1134: 890: 770: 590: 586: 554: 489:

2112–2004 BC) collapsed and polities that had once been vassals to

6609: 6593: 6158: 10042: 9770: 9760: 9725: 9715: 9249: 9199: 7773:

Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC: II (858–745 BC)

6517: 6501: 6066: 5034: 4161: 3816: 2452: 2128: 1122: 944: 938: 932: 830: 825: 820: 521: 478: 459: 329: 317: 182: 7159: 7131: 7078: 6473: 6377: 6361: 6280: 6218: 6142: 6123: 6087: 6050: 6031: 669:

668–631 BC) commands the king to "extend the land at his feet".

9790: 9740: 9662: 9194: 9179: 9122: 9075: 8480:"Assyrian King-Lists, the Royal Tombs of Ur, and Indus Origins" 5940: 5632: 4408: 4325: 3726: 2092: 1996: 1679: 1340: 1063: 994: 988: 920: 885: 880: 845: 805: 582: 553:

681–669 BC) calls himself a "descendant of the eternal seed of

341: 103: 8391:

ISIMU: Revista sobre Oriente Próximo y Egipto en la antigüedad

7895: 7060: 7042: 6461: 10143: 9780: 9775: 9755: 6489: 5843: 5790: 5513: 4372: 3383:

Son of Tiglath-Pileser I, usurped the throne from his nephew

3010:

Son of Tukulti-Ninurta I, usurped the throne from his father

1237: 1102:

2270–2255 BC). Name found inscribed on the point of a spear.

1013: 865: 860: 840: 815: 789: 333: 321: 310: 186: 6660: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 9730: 8041:

The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian Rule

6988: 6884: 6828: 6628: 5371: 4294: 835: 674: 557:", a king who lived more than a thousand years before him. 463: 8538:

Rowton, M. B. (1951). "Jeremiah and the Death of Josiah".

8094:

The Ancient World: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 1

7657:

The Imperialisation of Assyria: An Archaeological Approach

5983: 5961: 5959: 5474: 5472: 5457: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5229: 10367: 8157:

The Campaigns of Sargon II, King of Assyria, 721–705 B.C.

7613:

The Age of Agade: Inventing Empire in Ancient Mesopotamia

7032: 7030: 6872: 6019: 5383: 5359: 4690:– for other dynasties and kingdoms in ancient Mesopotamia 2604:

Son of Ashur-rabi I, usurped the throne from his brother

2540:

Son of Enlil-nasir I, usurped the throne from his nephew

1147:

2046–2037 BC). Name found inscribed on a limestone slab.

8237:

Oates, Joan (1992). "The fall of Assyria (635–609 BC)".

7678:

The Cyrus Cylinder: The Great Persian Edict from Babylon

7109: 7107: 7105: 7066: 6250: 6248: 6246: 5918: 5916: 5867: 5855: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5744: 5742: 5313: 5311: 5193: 3202:

Son of Ashur-dan I, usurped the throne from his brother

1236:

Unclear succession, possibly first independent ruler of

243:

All modern lists of Assyrian kings generally follow the

7005: 7003: 6415: 6413: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6319: 5956: 5754: 5727: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5590: 5588: 5561: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5469: 5416: 5404: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5150: 1706: 490: 424:

is stated by the list to be the son of his predecessor

205:

periods, all marked by ages of ascendancy and decline.

7920:

Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide

7590: 7027: 6976: 6964: 6952: 6449: 6425: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6299: 5766: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5653: 5651: 5484: 5433: 5323: 4886: 4847: 4841: 4835: 4724: 4714: 4392: 4349: 4307: 4264: 4228: 4189: 4142: 4095: 4018: 3979: 3940: 3908: 3876: 3840: 3793: 3754: 3707: 3671: 3642: 3571: 3542: 3513: 3484: 3455: 3426: 3397: 3368: 3339: 3310: 3281: 3252: 3216: 3184: 3152: 3120: 3088: 3056: 3024: 2992: 2960: 2921: 2889: 2857: 2825: 2807: 2788: 2746: 2714: 2682: 2650: 2618: 2586: 2554: 2522: 2490: 2458: 2426: 2394: 2362: 2330: 2298: 2266: 2234: 2202: 2170: 2134: 2098: 2066: 2034: 2002: 1970: 1906: 1884: 1862: 1840: 1818: 1791: 1762: 1735: 1685: 1658: 1631: 1599: 1567: 1521: 1514: 1488: 1456: 1417: 1385: 1346: 1314: 1280: 1253: 1223: 1027: 1021: 696:

Two prominent examples of such usurpers are the kings

512: 503:). For this reason, most of the Assyrian kings of the 494: 334: 223: 213: 172: 166: 35: 29: 7102: 7090: 6940: 6840: 6437: 6243: 6206: 5913: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5884: 5882: 5814: 5778: 5739: 5605: 5603: 5308: 5296: 4555:

Iranian name. Known from an inscription on a statue.

1172: 689:

As opposed to some other ancient monarchies, such as

481:. When the Mesopotamian central government under the 8387:"The Trials of Esarhaddon: The Conspiracy of 670 BC" 8207: 7384:(in German). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 7175: 7147: 7119: 7021: 7000: 6410: 6007: 5995: 5615: 5585: 5549: 5537: 5496: 5347: 5335: 5284: 5272: 5253: 5217: 5205: 5162: 8591:

Images of Nebuchadnezzar: The Emergence of a Legend

8346:"The Assyrian King List from Khorsabad (Concluded)" 8062:

The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy

7792:"The Assyrian King List and Chronology: a Critique" 6296: 5831: 5704: 5663: 5648: 5445: 5241: 4431: 8852: 8789:. Vol. 2. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. 7963: 7879:Time's Up! Dating the Minoan Eruption of Santorini 7265:Commerce and Colonization in the Ancient Near East 5971: 5928: 5894: 5879: 5802: 5600: 5573: 5141: 4282:Fate unclear due to the lack of surviving sources 3926:Fate unclear due to the lack of surviving sources 3894:Fate unclear due to the lack of surviving sources 589:" and "favourite of the god Ashur and the goddess 4117:. Killed in battle in Anatolia, fighting against 3859:may have served as co-regent in his early reign. 222:(14th century BC), the rulers instead used king ( 10586: 7589:"After Ta'yinat: The New Status of Esarhaddon's 7220:Southern Mesopotamia in the time of Ashurbanipal 6405:https://austriaca.at/0xc1aa5576%200x00237bb8.pdf 4047: 1922: 462:, featuring a depiction of the king fighting an 7456:Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur 6185: 405:967–935 BC) and the youngest, List C, stops at 8835:"The Old Assyrian Period (ca. 2000–1600 B.C.)" 8717: 8608: 6467: 5849: 5796: 5534:, Chapter 3: Akkadian centers and settlements. 305:Assyrian King List of the 7th century BC on a 10353: 9584: 8988: 8954:"Royal marriage alliances and noble hostages" 8914:"Shalmaneser V, king of Assyria (726-722 BC)" 7337: 6495: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4805: 4803: 3808:Son of Shalmaneser III, defeated his brother 2152:Unrelated to other kings, possibly a usurper 1585:Amorite usurper, unrelated to previous kings 9028: 8780: 8726: 8322: 7237: 7084: 6834: 6706: 6666: 5989: 5463: 738: 605: 10179:Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire 8174: 7875:"How uncertain is Mesopotamian chronology?" 7201:Inscriptions et Graffites Araméens d'Assour 6906: 6890: 6862: 6822: 6798: 10360: 10346: 9591: 9577: 9023: 8995: 8981: 8891: 8760:(2). Cambridge University Press: 264–279. 8683: 8404:Ancient Assyria: A Very Short Introduction 8397:. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid: 165–183. 8079: 7048: 5439: 5365: 5028: 5026: 4984: 4982: 4813: 4800: 4580:Arabic name. Mentioned in an inscription. 4426: 4293: 4243:Son of Esarhaddon. Ashurbanipal's brother 4214: 4175: 4128: 4081: 4004: 3965: 3826: 3779: 3740: 3693: 3238: 2946: 1553: 1442: 1371: 1300: 8934:"Sargon II, king of Assyria (721-705 BC)" 8871: 8727:Veenhof, Klaas R.; Eidem, Jesper (2008). 8037: 7660:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7545: 7510: 7268:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6866: 6682: 6654: 6634: 6392: 6290: 6270: 6179: 5760: 5567: 5187: 4942: 4940: 4696:– the Seleucids who became kings of Syria 625:745–727), depicting the king in a chariot 8832: 8803: 8722:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Wiley Blackwell. 8153: 8132: 8111: 8058: 7937: 7902:. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. 7775:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 7431: 7316: 7302:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 6730: 6587: 6173: 5965: 5733: 5626: 5478: 5427: 5377: 5329: 5317: 5290: 5235: 4441: 4168:, who hoped to seize power for himself. 1007: 727: 609: 517:, translating to "governor of Assyria". 445: 300: 9598: 8911: 8690:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 8 8647: 8323:Perdue, Leo G.; Carter, Warren (2015). 8302: 7984: 7916: 7770: 7741: 7360:Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia 7356: 7197: 7141: 7113: 7036: 6970: 6714: 6690: 6650: 6622: 6603: 6567: 6431: 6212: 6152: 6136: 6113: 6097: 6081: 6060: 6044: 5772: 5748: 5555: 5543: 5519: 5507: 5490: 5302: 5211: 5023: 4979: 4755: 4753: 360:The king-lists mostly accord well with 10587: 8951: 8931: 8783:"Shalmaneser V and His Era, Revisited" 8781:Yamada, Keiko; Yamada, Shiego (2017). 8747: 8696: 8627: 8566: 8537: 8458: 8420: 8401: 8384: 8343: 8257: 8090: 8033:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7940:"Assyrian Royal Titulary in Babylonia" 7872: 7851: 7789: 7674: 7653: 7609: 7473: 7238:Andrae, Walter; Lenzen, Heinz (1933). 7223:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 7165: 7096: 7072: 7009: 6994: 6982: 6958: 6946: 6934: 6926: 6922: 6910: 6846: 6802: 6778: 6774: 6758: 6734: 6710: 6563: 6547: 6543: 6527: 6511: 6455: 6419: 6371: 6274: 6254: 6237: 6001: 5950: 5922: 5825: 5784: 5531: 5410: 5398: 5353: 5341: 5266: 5247: 5199: 5156: 4937: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4504: 10393:King of the Four Corners of the World 10369:Ancient Mesopotamian royal titulature 10341: 9572: 8976: 8477: 8437: 8236: 8115:Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives 8005: 7961: 7814: 7720: 7695: 7630: 7586: 7524: 7398: 7377: 7363:. New York: Oxford University Press. 7320:A History of Babylon, 2200 BC - AD 75 7295: 7282: 7258: 7216: 7181: 7169: 7153: 7137: 7125: 6930: 6878: 6858: 6806: 6782: 6754: 6750: 6686: 6583: 6483: 6443: 6117: 6025: 6013: 5977: 5946: 5934: 5907: 5888: 5837: 5808: 5642: 5594: 5278: 5223: 4036:Deposed and killed by Sargon II in a 1914:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings 1892:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings 1870:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings 1848:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings 1826:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings 1804:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings 1777:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings 1748:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings 575:king of the Four Corners of the World 238:king of the Four Corners of the World 228:). In time, further titles, such as " 54:, the ancient Assyrian national deity 9002: 8730:Mesopotamia: The Old Assyrian Period 8587: 8518: 8312:Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies 8026: 8009:Historical Dictionary of Mesopotamia 7947:Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative 7452: 6902: 6818: 6794: 6770: 6746: 6726: 6702: 6678: 6646: 6618: 6599: 6579: 6559: 6539: 6523: 6507: 6479: 6388: 6367: 6355: 6286: 6266: 6233: 6169: 6148: 6132: 6109: 6093: 6077: 6056: 6040: 5873: 5861: 5721: 5698: 5657: 5638: 5609: 5579: 5451: 5000:1114–1076 BC), and centuries later, 4750: 1707:Non-dynastic usurpers (1735–1701 BC) 9024:Legendary kings and early governors 8260:Journal of Anthropological Research 7681:. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. 7520:(PhD thesis). University of Sydney. 6186:Gwendolyn Leick (31 January 2002). 4732: 4414:Defeated by the Babylonians at the 1515:Shamshi-Adad dynasty (1808–1736 BC) 1032:and sometimes used by later kings. 1012:A handful of early local rulers of 581:. Epithets like "chosen by the god 13: 8813:State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 8720:A History of the Ancient Near East 7858:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. 6189:Who's Who in the Ancient Near East 1173:Puzur-Ashur dynasty (2025–1809 BC) 14: 10621: 8609:Sagona, A.; Zimansky, P. (2009). 8427:State Archives of Assyria Studies 8080:Luckenbill, Daniel David (1927). 5101:According to the 12th-century AD 1026:) a title probably equivalent to 722: 10317:Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary 9808: 7966:Ancient Near East c. 3000–330 BC 7877:. In Warburton, David A. (ed.). 7748:. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. 7599:Presses Universitaires de France 7022:Novák & Younansardaroud 2002 5095: 5085: 5076: 5063: 5050: 4432:Geopolitical history and context 4160:Changed the Assyrian capital to 4113:Changed the Assyrian capital to 3725:Changed the Assyrian capital to 64: 44: 8657:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 8540:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 8484:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 8350:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 7631:Fales, Frederick Mario (2014). 7595:for Assyrian Political History" 7587:Fales, Frederick Mario (2012). 7552:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 7190: 6398: 5042: 5006: 4995: 4969: 4959: 4950: 4929: 4918: 4907: 4894: 4879: 4865: 4855: 4828: 4783: 4766: 1698:Grandson (?) of Shamshi-Adad I 1139: 1094: 1068: 780: 750: 713: 702: 664: 650: 620: 548: 537: 411: 400: 389: 291: 177:) was the ruler of the ancient 76: 36: 30: 9874:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) 9869:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) 8839:The Metropolitan Museum of Art 8825: 8573:. Cambridge University Press. 8243:. Cambridge University Press. 8160:University of Oklahoma Press. 8091:Magill, Frank N., ed. (1998). 8086:. University of Chicago Press. 7633:"The Two Dynasties of Assyria" 7338:von Beckerath, Jürgen (1997). 4707: 4688:List of Mesopotamian dynasties 1: 10256:Ancient Mesopotamian religion 9653:Tigris–Euphrates river system 9310: 9045: 8718:Van De Mieroop, Marc (2016). 8570:The Cambridge Ancient History 7317:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2018). 5120: 4719:(regent or representative of 4498: 4164:. Murdered by his eldest son 4048:Sargonid dynasty (722–609 BC) 3192: 3160: 3128: 3096: 3064: 3032: 3000: 2968: 2929: 2897: 2865: 2833: 2796: 2754: 2722: 2690: 2658: 2626: 2594: 2562: 2530: 2498: 2466: 2434: 2402: 2370: 2338: 2306: 2274: 2242: 2210: 2178: 2142: 2106: 2074: 2042: 2010: 1978: 1923:Adaside dynasty (1700–722 BC) 1607: 1575: 1496: 1464: 1425: 1393: 1354: 1322: 1179: 1144: 1099: 1073: 785: 755: 684: 655: 511:2025–1364 BC) used the title 508: 486: 474: 380: 354: 8463:. The British Museum Press. 8272:10.3998/jar.0521004.0067.303 8210:Altorientalische Forschungen 8193:10.1515/zava.1991.81.1-2.243 8181:Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 8136:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 7727:. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell. 7610:Foster, Benjamin R. (2016). 7591: 7438:. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. 6192:. Routledge. pp. 148–. 4887: 4885:Alternatively translated as 4848: 4842: 4836: 4725: 4715: 4657: 4620: 4593: 4568: 4542: 4536: 4488: 4393: 4367:Killed by the forces of the 4350: 4308: 4265: 4229: 4190: 4143: 4096: 4019: 3980: 3941: 3909: 3877: 3841: 3794: 3755: 3708: 3672: 3643: 3572: 3543: 3514: 3485: 3456: 3427: 3398: 3369: 3340: 3311: 3282: 3253: 3217: 3185: 3153: 3121: 3089: 3057: 3025: 2993: 2961: 2922: 2890: 2858: 2826: 2808: 2789: 2747: 2715: 2683: 2651: 2619: 2587: 2555: 2523: 2491: 2459: 2427: 2395: 2363: 2331: 2299: 2267: 2235: 2203: 2171: 2135: 2099: 2067: 2035: 2003: 1971: 1907: 1885: 1863: 1841: 1819: 1792: 1763: 1736: 1686: 1659: 1632: 1600: 1568: 1522: 1489: 1457: 1418: 1386: 1347: 1315: 1281: 1254: 1224: 1028: 1022: 513: 495: 432:and brother of Enlil-Nasir. 335: 224: 214: 173: 167: 7: 10322:Chicago Assyrian Dictionary 10204:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations 10199:Indus-Mesopotamia relations 8854:"Introducing the Assyrians" 8733:. Academic Press Fribourg. 8703:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. 8697:Tucker, Spencer C. (2019). 8406:. Oxford University Press. 8154:Melville, Sarah C. (2016). 8118:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. 7923:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. 7546:Eppihimer, Melissa (2013). 4675: 4033:Son of Tiglath-Pileser III 2806:Son of Eriba-Adad I, first 1716: 1713: 10: 10626: 10605:Iraq history-related lists 10327:Chicago Hittite Dictionary 8222:10.1524/aofo.2002.29.1.166 8112:McIntosh, Jane R. (2005). 8030:Assyria: c. 2600–1816 B.C. 7938:Karlsson, Mattias (2017). 7917:Jackson, Guida M. (1999). 7771:Grayson, A. Kirk (2002) . 7639:. Münster: Ugarit Verlag. 7528:Sargon II, King of Assyria 7417:10.13109/wdor.2013.43.1.25 7296:Bauer, Susan Wise (2007). 7244:The Parthian City of Assur 5850:Sagona & Zimansky 2009 4684:– for the Babylonian kings 4435: 4418:, fate thereafter unknown 4051: 3722:Son of Tukulti-Ninurta II 3557:Son of Ashur-resh-ishi II 2764:Son of Ashur-bel-nisheshu 2732:Son of Ashur-rim-nisheshu 731: 439: 296: 10610:Middle East-related lists 10600:Lists of monarchs in Asia 10567: 10509: 10471: 10424:Dominion over Mesopotamia 10423: 10375: 10294: 10248: 10222: 10126: 10023: 9916: 9824: 9817: 9806: 9688: 9615: 9606: 9454: 9303: 9038: 9008: 8894:"Synchronistic King List" 8892:Lendering, Jona (2006b). 8804:Zawadzki, Stefan (1994). 8766:10.1017/S001738351900007X 8669:10.1017/S0075426914000068 8648:Stevens, Kahtryn (2014). 8329:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 8097:. Pasadena: Salem Press. 8006:Leick, Gwendolyn (2010). 7742:Grayson, A. Kirk (1972). 7654:Düring, Bleda S. (2020). 7511:Davenport, T. L. (2016). 7488:10.1017/S0021088900002801 7357:Bertman, Stephen (2003). 7217:Ahmed, Sami Said (2018). 6777:, pp. 166, 176–177; 4521: 4518: 4515: 4450:rule) by the local ruler 4384: 4341: 4337: 4288: 4256: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4063: 3932: 3900: 3868: 3685: 3663: 3656: 3634: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3592: 3585: 3563: 3556: 3534: 3527: 3505: 3498: 3476: 3469: 3447: 3440: 3418: 3411: 3389: 3382: 3360: 3353: 3331: 3324: 3302: 3296:Son of Tiglath-Pileser I 3295: 3273: 3267:Son of Ashur-resh-ishi I 3266: 3230: 3208: 3201: 3176: 3169: 3144: 3138:Son of Ninurta-apal-Ekur 3137: 3112: 3105: 3080: 3074:Son of Tukulti-Ninurta I 3073: 3048: 3041: 3016: 3009: 2984: 2977: 2938: 2913: 2906: 2881: 2874: 2849: 2842: 2817: 2805: 2780: 2770: 2763: 2738: 2731: 2706: 2699: 2674: 2667: 2642: 2635: 2610: 2603: 2578: 2571: 2546: 2539: 2514: 2507: 2482: 2475: 2450: 2443: 2418: 2411: 2386: 2379: 2354: 2347: 2322: 2315: 2290: 2283: 2258: 2251: 2226: 2219: 2194: 2187: 2162: 2158: 2151: 2126: 2122: 2115: 2090: 2083: 2058: 2051: 2026: 2019: 1994: 1987: 1962: 1950: 1798: 1719: 1677: 1650: 1623: 1591: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1480: 1409: 1338: 1272: 1245: 1215: 1205: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1056: 1043: 1040: 1037: 739:Early names in king lists 606:Role of the Assyrian king 435: 147: 139: 129: 99: 94: 90: 86: 63: 59: 43: 28: 20: 8958:Assyrian empire builders 8938:Assyrian empire builders 8918:Assyrian empire builders 8874:"The Assyrian King List" 8872:Lendering, Jona (2006). 8833:Highcock, Nancy (2017). 8588:Sack, Ronald H. (2004). 8440:Orientalia (NOVA Series) 8362:10.1086/jnes.2.1.3693710 8133:Meissner, Bruno (1990). 8059:Liverani, Mario (2013). 8038:Lipschits, Oled (2005). 8027:Lewy, Hildegard (1966). 7991:. Taylor & Francis. 7985:La Boda, Sharon (1994). 7873:Hunger, Hermann (2009). 7198:Aggoula, Basile (1985). 7085:Andrae & Lenzen 1933 6835:Perdue & Carter 2015 6707:Yamada & Yamada 2017 6667:Yamada & Yamada 2017 6590:, pp. 178, 184–185. 5990:Veenhof & Eidem 2008 5464:Veenhof & Eidem 2008 4700: 4682:List of kings of Babylon 4524: 4075: 4060: 3769:Son of Ashurnasirpal II 3627: 3602: 3042:Son of Ashur-nadin-apli 1722: 1547: 1535: 1200: 1188: 1046: 986: 930: 906: 899:Kings who were ancestors 858: 800:Kings who lived in tents 372:king lists and with the 259:king lists and with the 116:(independent city-state) 10445:šar māt Šumeri u Akkadi 10441:King of Sumer and Akkad 10376:Dominion over the world 8912:Radner, Karen (2012b). 8858:The British Museum Blog 8684:Schippmann, K. (2012). 8628:Soares, Filipe (2017). 8175:Na'aman, Nadav (1991). 7796:Orientalia: NOVA Series 7790:Hagens, Graham (2005). 7675:Finkel, Irving (2013). 7525:Elayi, Josette (2017). 5017:Synchronistic King List 4966:was Arik-den-ili's son. 4876:of Ashur-dugul's reign. 4427:Later Assyrian kingship 4073:Life details and notes 3955:Son of Adad-nirari III 3923:Son of Adad-nirari III 3891:Son of Adad-nirari III 3499:Son of Ashurnasirpal I 3441:Son of Ashurnasirpal I 3412:Son of Shamshi-Adad IV 2843:Son of Ashur-uballit I 2700:Son of Ashur-nirari II 2668:Son of Ashur-nirari II 2444:Son of Puzur-Ashur III 2348:Son of Shamshi-Adad II 2316:Son of Shamshi-Adad II 567:king of Sumer and Akkad 442:Akkadian royal titulary 230:king of Sumer and Akkad 10159:Babylonian mathematics 9305:Middle Assyrian Empire 9014:List of Assyrian kings 8952:Radner, Karen (2013). 8932:Radner, Karen (2012). 8748:Widmer, Marie (2019). 8567:Rowton, M. B. (1970). 8519:Roux, Georges (1992). 8459:Reade, J. E. (1998b). 8421:Radner, Karen (2019). 8402:Radner, Karen (2015). 8385:Radner, Karen (2003). 8303:Parpola, Simo (2004). 7855:A Companion to Assyria 7724:A Companion to Assyria 7721:Frahm, Eckart (2017). 7531:. Atlanta: SBL Press. 7323:. Pondicherry: Wiley. 7240:Die Partherstadt Assur 5522:, pp. 46, 52, 76. 4694:List of kings of Syria 4454: 3686:Son of Adad-nirari II 3624:Life details and notes 3470:Son of Shalmaneser II 3354:Son of Ashur-bel-kala 3231:Son of Mutakkil-nusku 2773:Middle Assyrian Empire 2412:Son of Ashur-nirari I 2380:Son of Ishme-Dagan II 1617:Son of Shamshi-Adad I 1474:Son of Puzur-Ashur II 626: 603: 466: 351:Middle Assyrian Empire 313: 9376:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur 8478:Reade, J. E. (2001). 8139:. Walter de Gruyter. 7616:. Oxford: Routledge. 7399:Beyer, Klaus (2013). 7378:Beyer, Klaus (1998). 6801:, pp. 243, 254; 4445: 4438:Post-imperial Assyria 3528:Son of Ashur-rabi II 3154:Ninurta-tukultī-Aššur 3147:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur 2978:Son of Shalmaneser I 2939:Son of Adad-nirari I 2476:Son of Enlil-nasir I 2084:Son of Sharma-Adad I 1720:Succession and notes 1644:Son of Ishme-Dagan I 1545:Succession and notes 1266:Son of Puzur-Ashur I 1198:Succession and notes 1008:Attested early rulers 971:Kings named on bricks 734:Early Assyrian period 728:Early Assyrian rulers 613: 598: 449: 374:archaeological record 304: 269:Neo-Babylonian Empire 261:archaeological record 124:(first to use 'king') 10403:King of the Universe 10154:Babylonian astronomy 9633:Mesopotamian Marshes 7405:Die Welt des Orients 7260:Aubet, Maria Eugenia 6997:, pp. 238, 240. 6929:, pp. 135–136; 6825:, pp. 243, 255. 6729:, pp. 200–201; 6550:, pp. 146, 149. 6028:, pp. 204, 227. 5876:, pp. 198, 200. 5864:, pp. 198, 202. 4279:Son of Ashurbanipal 3729:. Campaigned to the 3657:Son of Ashur-dan II 2907:Son of Arik-den-ili 2875:Son of Enlil-nirari 2636:Son of Ashur-rabi I 2572:Son of Ashur-rabi I 1952:Succession and notes 1528:king of the Universe 965:, son of Ila-kabkabu 633:by the chief deity, 571:king of the Universe 569:" and the boastful " 353:(reign beginning in 234:king of the Universe 10571:Titles rendered in 10383:King of All Peoples 10235:Destruction by ISIL 10189:Sumerian literature 10164:Akkadian literature 9600:Ancient Mesopotamia 9513:Tiglath-Pileser III 9456:Neo-Assyrian Empire 9290:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II 9040:Old Assyrian period 8692:. pp. 816–817. 8344:Poebel, A. (1943). 8012:. Scarecrow Press. 7087:, pp. 105–106. 7051:, pp. 816–817. 6881:, pp. 122–123. 6468:Van De Mieroop 2016 5797:Van De Mieroop 2016 5401:, pp. 357–386. 5380:, pp. 219–229. 5202:, pp. 194–195. 4505:City-lords of Assur 4473:empires. Under the 3981:Tukultī-apil-Ešarra 3974:Tiglath-Pileser III 3595:Neo-Assyrian Empire 3544:Tukultī-apil-Ešarra 3254:Tukultī-apil-Ešarra 3170:Son of Ashur-dan I 2709:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II 2284:Son of Erishum III 1671:Uncertain relation 1499:1828/1818 – 1809 BC 1467:1872 – 1829/1819 BC 1293:Son of Shalim-ahum 1208:Old Assyrian period 698:Tiglath-Pileser III 616:Tiglath-Pileser III 505:Old Assyrian period 483:Third Dynasty of Ur 10510:Specific locations 10397:šar kibrāt erbetti 10271:Mesopotamian myths 9473:Tukulti-Ninurta II 9441:Tiglath-Pileser II 9436:Ashur-resh-ishi II 9361:Enlil-kudurri-usur 9285:Ashur-rim-nisheshu 9280:Ashur-bel-nisheshu 9265:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I 8461:Assyrian Sculpture 7962:Kuhrt, A. (1997). 7453:Chen, Fei (2020). 7061:Harper et al. 1995 6685:, pp. 36–41; 6496:von Beckerath 1997 5238:, p. 101–102. 5159:, pp. 7, 114. 5143:The British Museum 5071:Assyrian King List 5058:Assyrian King List 4912:1273–1244 BC) and 4455: 3666:Tukulti-Ninurta II 3537:Tiglath-Pileser II 3508:Ashur-resh-ishi II 3198:(less than a year) 3166:(less than a year) 3058:Enlīl-kudurri-uṣur 3051:Enlil-kudurri-usur 2677:Ashur-rim-nisheshu 2645:Ashur-bel-nisheshu 2549:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I 959:, son of Yazkur-el 766:Sumerian King List 627: 467: 396:Tiglath-Pileser II 314: 245:Assyrian King List 100:First monarch 10582: 10581: 10573:Akkadian language 10472:The king's person 10451:King of the Lands 10335: 10334: 10286:Ziggurat (Temple) 10261:Sumerian religion 10019: 10018: 9966:Middle Babylonian 9908:Kish civilization 9804: 9803: 9628:Lower Mesopotamia 9623:Upper Mesopotamia 9566: 9565: 9461: 9396:Asharid-apal-Ekur 9391:Tiglath-Pileser I 9386:Ashur-resh-ishi I 9366:Ninurta-apal-Ekur 9346:Tukulti-Ninurta I 9314: 9049: 8754:Greece & Rome 8620:978-0-415-28916-0 8523:. Penguin Books. 7977:978-0-415-16763-5 7817:Anatolian Studies 7459:. Leiden: BRILL. 7075:, pp. 19–20. 6637:, pp. 37–41. 6199:978-1-134-78796-8 5413:, pp. 72–79. 5056:According to the 4991:Tiglath-Pileser I 4914:Tiglath-Pileser I 4778:middle chronology 4673: 4672: 4661: 4638: 4624: 4602: 4597: 4577: 4572: 4552: 4547: 4424: 4423: 4404: 4397: 4361: 4354: 4321: 4314: 4276: 4269: 4245:Shamash-shum-ukin 4240: 4233: 4201: 4194: 4157:Son of Sargon II 4154: 4147: 4107: 4100: 4045: 4044: 4030: 4023: 3991: 3984: 3952: 3945: 3920: 3913: 3888: 3881: 3852: 3845: 3805: 3798: 3766: 3759: 3719: 3712: 3683: 3676: 3654: 3647: 3583: 3576: 3554: 3547: 3525: 3518: 3496: 3489: 3467: 3460: 3438: 3431: 3409: 3402: 3380: 3373: 3351: 3344: 3322: 3315: 3293: 3286: 3276:Asharid-apal-Ekur 3264: 3257: 3247:Tiglath-Pileser I 3228: 3221: 3211:Ashur-resh-ishi I 3199: 3189: 3167: 3157: 3135: 3125: 3103: 3093: 3090:Ninurta-apal-Ekur 3083:Ninurta-apal-Ekur 3071: 3061: 3039: 3029: 3007: 2997: 2975: 2965: 2955:Tukulti-Ninurta I 2936: 2926: 2904: 2894: 2872: 2862: 2840: 2830: 2803: 2793: 2761: 2751: 2729: 2719: 2697: 2687: 2665: 2655: 2633: 2623: 2601: 2591: 2569: 2559: 2537: 2527: 2505: 2495: 2473: 2463: 2441: 2431: 2409: 2399: 2377: 2367: 2345: 2335: 2313: 2303: 2281: 2271: 2252:Son of Shu-Ninua 2249: 2239: 2220:Son of Shu-Ninua 2217: 2207: 2185: 2175: 2149: 2139: 2113: 2103: 2081: 2071: 2049: 2039: 2017: 2007: 1985: 1975: 1920: 1919: 1911: 1889: 1867: 1845: 1823: 1801: 1796: 1774: 1767: 1745: 1740: 1704: 1703: 1695: 1690: 1668: 1663: 1641: 1636: 1614: 1604: 1582: 1572: 1512: 1511: 1506:Son of Naram-Sin 1503: 1493: 1471: 1461: 1432: 1422: 1400: 1390: 1364:Son of Erishum I 1361: 1351: 1332:Son of Ilu-shuma 1329: 1319: 1290: 1285: 1263: 1258: 1233: 1228: 1170: 1169: 1161: 1044:Status and notes 911:, son of Apiashal 646:Tukulti-Ninurta I 579:lower Mesopotamia 533:Shamash-shum-ukin 452:Shamash-shum-ukin 450:Text and seal of 191:Ancient Near East 155: 154: 130:Last monarch 125: 117: 109: 70:Relief depicting 10617: 10362: 10355: 10348: 10339: 10338: 10184:Sumerian cuisine 10174:Warfare in Sumer 10169:Economy of Sumer 9822: 9821: 9812: 9696:Fertile Crescent 9680:Sinjar Mountains 9675:Hamrin Mountains 9670:Zagros Mountains 9648:Taurus Mountains 9613: 9612: 9593: 9586: 9579: 9570: 9569: 9558:Ashur-uballit II 9548:Sin-shumu-lishir 9543:Ashur-etil-ilani 9478:Ashurnasirpal II 9459: 9356:Ashur-nirari III 9351:Ashur-nadin-apli 9312: 9308: 9230:Shamshi-Adad III 9047: 9043: 9003:Kings of Assyria 8997: 8990: 8983: 8974: 8973: 8968: 8966: 8964: 8948: 8946: 8944: 8928: 8926: 8924: 8908: 8906: 8904: 8888: 8886: 8884: 8868: 8866: 8865: 8849: 8847: 8845: 8820: 8810: 8800: 8777: 8744: 8723: 8714: 8693: 8686:"Parthian Assur" 8680: 8654: 8644: 8634: 8624: 8605: 8584: 8563: 8534: 8515: 8474: 8455: 8434: 8417: 8398: 8381: 8340: 8319: 8309: 8299: 8254: 8233: 8204: 8187:(1–2): 243–267. 8171: 8150: 8129: 8108: 8087: 8076: 8055: 8034: 8023: 8002: 7981: 7969: 7958: 7944: 7934: 7913: 7892: 7869: 7848: 7811: 7786: 7767: 7738: 7717: 7704:Brill Publishers 7692: 7671: 7650: 7627: 7606: 7594: 7583: 7542: 7521: 7519: 7507: 7470: 7449: 7428: 7395: 7374: 7353: 7334: 7313: 7292: 7279: 7255: 7234: 7213: 7185: 7179: 7173: 7163: 7157: 7151: 7145: 7135: 7129: 7123: 7117: 7111: 7100: 7094: 7088: 7082: 7076: 7070: 7064: 7058: 7052: 7046: 7040: 7034: 7025: 7019: 7013: 7007: 6998: 6992: 6986: 6980: 6974: 6968: 6962: 6956: 6950: 6944: 6938: 6920: 6914: 6900: 6894: 6888: 6882: 6876: 6870: 6856: 6850: 6844: 6838: 6832: 6826: 6816: 6810: 6792: 6786: 6768: 6762: 6744: 6738: 6724: 6718: 6700: 6694: 6676: 6670: 6664: 6658: 6644: 6638: 6632: 6626: 6616: 6607: 6597: 6591: 6577: 6571: 6557: 6551: 6537: 6531: 6521: 6515: 6505: 6499: 6493: 6487: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6459: 6453: 6447: 6441: 6435: 6429: 6423: 6417: 6408: 6402: 6396: 6386: 6375: 6365: 6359: 6353: 6294: 6284: 6278: 6264: 6258: 6252: 6241: 6231: 6216: 6210: 6204: 6203: 6183: 6177: 6167: 6156: 6146: 6140: 6130: 6121: 6107: 6101: 6091: 6085: 6075: 6064: 6054: 6048: 6038: 6029: 6023: 6017: 6011: 6005: 5999: 5993: 5987: 5981: 5975: 5969: 5963: 5954: 5944: 5938: 5932: 5926: 5920: 5911: 5905: 5892: 5886: 5877: 5871: 5865: 5859: 5853: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5829: 5823: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5788: 5782: 5776: 5770: 5764: 5758: 5752: 5746: 5737: 5731: 5725: 5719: 5702: 5696: 5661: 5655: 5646: 5636: 5630: 5624: 5613: 5607: 5598: 5592: 5583: 5577: 5571: 5565: 5559: 5553: 5547: 5541: 5535: 5529: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5505: 5494: 5488: 5482: 5476: 5467: 5461: 5455: 5449: 5443: 5437: 5431: 5425: 5414: 5408: 5402: 5396: 5381: 5375: 5369: 5363: 5357: 5351: 5345: 5339: 5333: 5327: 5321: 5315: 5306: 5300: 5294: 5288: 5282: 5276: 5270: 5264: 5251: 5245: 5239: 5233: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5209: 5203: 5197: 5191: 5185: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5139: 5114: 5099: 5093: 5089: 5083: 5080: 5074: 5067: 5061: 5054: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5030: 5021: 5010: 5008: 4999: 4997: 4986: 4977: 4973: 4967: 4963: 4957: 4954: 4948: 4944: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4922: 4920: 4911: 4909: 4898: 4892: 4890: 4883: 4877: 4869: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4832: 4826: 4822: 4811: 4807: 4798: 4787: 4781: 4770: 4764: 4757: 4748: 4741: 4730: 4728: 4718: 4711: 4660: 4655: 4637: 4623: 4618: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4550: 4545: 4539: 4534: 4513: 4512: 4500: 4491: 4402: 4396: 4391: 4387:Aššur-uballiṭ II 4359: 4353: 4348: 4319: 4311: 4306: 4297: 4274: 4268: 4266:Aššur-etil-ilāni 4263: 4259:Aššur-etil-ilāni 4238: 4232: 4227: 4218: 4199: 4193: 4191:Aššur-aḫa-iddina 4188: 4179: 4152: 4146: 4141: 4132: 4105: 4099: 4094: 4085: 4058: 4057: 4054:Sargonid dynasty 4028: 4022: 4017: 4008: 3989: 3983: 3978: 3969: 3950: 3944: 3939: 3918: 3912: 3907: 3886: 3880: 3875: 3850: 3844: 3839: 3830: 3803: 3797: 3792: 3783: 3764: 3758: 3753: 3744: 3717: 3711: 3709:Aššur-nāṣir-apli 3706: 3702:Ashurnasirpal II 3697: 3681: 3675: 3670: 3652: 3646: 3641: 3581: 3575: 3570: 3552: 3546: 3541: 3523: 3517: 3512: 3494: 3488: 3483: 3465: 3459: 3454: 3436: 3430: 3425: 3407: 3401: 3399:Aššur-nāṣir-apli 3396: 3378: 3372: 3367: 3349: 3343: 3338: 3320: 3314: 3309: 3291: 3285: 3283:Ašarēd-apil-Ekur 3280: 3262: 3256: 3251: 3242: 3226: 3220: 3215: 3197: 3194: 3188: 3183: 3165: 3162: 3156: 3151: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3119: 3101: 3098: 3092: 3087: 3069: 3066: 3060: 3055: 3037: 3034: 3028: 3023: 3019:Ashur-nirari III 3005: 3002: 2996: 2994:Aššūr-nādin-apli 2991: 2987:Ashur-nadin-apli 2973: 2970: 2964: 2959: 2950: 2934: 2931: 2925: 2920: 2902: 2899: 2893: 2888: 2870: 2867: 2861: 2856: 2838: 2835: 2829: 2824: 2811: 2801: 2798: 2792: 2787: 2759: 2756: 2750: 2745: 2727: 2724: 2718: 2716:Aššur-nādin-ahhē 2713: 2695: 2692: 2686: 2684:Aššūr-rem-nīšēšu 2681: 2663: 2660: 2654: 2652:Aššūr-bēl-nīšēšu 2649: 2631: 2628: 2622: 2617: 2599: 2596: 2590: 2585: 2567: 2564: 2558: 2556:Aššur-nādin-ahhē 2553: 2535: 2532: 2526: 2521: 2503: 2500: 2494: 2489: 2471: 2468: 2462: 2457: 2439: 2436: 2430: 2425: 2407: 2404: 2398: 2393: 2375: 2372: 2366: 2361: 2343: 2340: 2334: 2329: 2325:Shamshi-Adad III 2311: 2308: 2302: 2297: 2279: 2276: 2270: 2265: 2247: 2244: 2238: 2233: 2215: 2212: 2206: 2201: 2183: 2180: 2174: 2169: 2147: 2144: 2138: 2133: 2116:Son of Bel-bani 2111: 2108: 2102: 2097: 2079: 2076: 2070: 2065: 2047: 2044: 2038: 2033: 2020:Son of Bel-bani 2015: 2012: 2006: 2001: 1983: 1980: 1974: 1969: 1933: 1932: 1910: 1905: 1888: 1883: 1866: 1861: 1844: 1839: 1822: 1817: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1711: 1710: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1612: 1609: 1603: 1598: 1580: 1577: 1571: 1566: 1557: 1533: 1532: 1525: 1502:(20 or 10 years) 1501: 1498: 1492: 1487: 1470:(54 or 44 years) 1469: 1466: 1460: 1455: 1446: 1435:Son of Sargon I 1430: 1427: 1421: 1416: 1398: 1395: 1389: 1384: 1375: 1359: 1356: 1350: 1345: 1327: 1324: 1318: 1313: 1304: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1186: 1185: 1181: 1159: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1025: 953:, son of Yakmeni 947:, son of Yakmesi 941:, son of Ilu-Mer 787: 784: 782: 757: 754: 752: 717: 715: 707:745–727 BC) and 706: 704: 668: 666: 657: 654: 652: 624: 622: 585:and the goddess 552: 550: 541: 539: 516: 510: 498: 488: 476: 415: 413: 404: 402: 393: 391: 382: 370:ancient Egyptian 356: 340:-officials (the 338: 265:Ashur-uballit II 257:ancient Egyptian 227: 217: 176: 170: 134:Ashur-uballit II 123: 115: 107: 80: 78: 68: 48: 39: 38: 33: 32: 24: 18: 17: 10625: 10624: 10620: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10615: 10614: 10585: 10584: 10583: 10578: 10563: 10537:King of Babylon 10527:King of Assyria 10505: 10467: 10419: 10387:šar kiššat nišē 10371: 10366: 10336: 10331: 10290: 10244: 10218: 10127:Culture/society 10122: 10015: 10011:Muslim conquest 9981:Fall of Babylon 9912: 9813: 9800: 9684: 9602: 9597: 9567: 9562: 9493:Adad-nirari III 9483:Shalmaneser III 9458: 9450: 9426:Ashur-nirari IV 9416:Ashurnasirpal I 9411:Shamshi-Adad IV 9321:Ashur-uballit I 9307: 9299: 9275:Ashur-nirari II 9240:Puzur-Ashur III 9220:Shamshi-Adad II 9042: 9034: 9033: 9004: 9001: 8971: 8962: 8960: 8942: 8940: 8922: 8920: 8902: 8900: 8882: 8880: 8863: 8861: 8843: 8841: 8828: 8823: 8808: 8797: 8741: 8711: 8652: 8632: 8621: 8602: 8581: 8546:(10): 128–130. 8531: 8471: 8414: 8337: 8307: 8251: 8168: 8147: 8126: 8105: 8073: 8052: 8044:. Eisenbrauns. 8020: 7999: 7978: 7942: 7931: 7910: 7889: 7866: 7829:10.2307/3642789 7783: 7756: 7735: 7714: 7689: 7668: 7647: 7624: 7539: 7517: 7467: 7446: 7392: 7371: 7350: 7331: 7310: 7276: 7231: 7193: 7188: 7180: 7176: 7164: 7160: 7152: 7148: 7136: 7132: 7124: 7120: 7112: 7103: 7095: 7091: 7083: 7079: 7071: 7067: 7059: 7055: 7049:Schippmann 2012 7047: 7043: 7035: 7028: 7020: 7016: 7008: 7001: 6993: 6989: 6981: 6977: 6969: 6965: 6957: 6953: 6945: 6941: 6933:, p. 264; 6921: 6917: 6909:, p. 243; 6905:, p. 200; 6901: 6897: 6889: 6885: 6877: 6873: 6865:, p. 256; 6861:, p. 172; 6857: 6853: 6845: 6841: 6833: 6829: 6821:, p. 200; 6817: 6813: 6805:, p. 123; 6797:, p. 200; 6793: 6789: 6781:, footnote 53; 6773:, p. 200; 6769: 6765: 6757:, p. 202; 6749:, p. 200; 6745: 6741: 6725: 6721: 6709:, p. 389; 6705:, p. 200; 6701: 6697: 6681:, p. 200; 6677: 6673: 6665: 6661: 6653:, p. 239; 6649:, p. 200; 6645: 6641: 6633: 6629: 6621:, p. 200; 6617: 6610: 6602:, p. 199; 6598: 6594: 6586:, p. 349; 6582:, p. 199; 6578: 6574: 6566:, p. 115; 6562:, p. 199; 6558: 6554: 6546:, p. 115; 6542:, p. 199; 6538: 6534: 6526:, p. 199; 6522: 6518: 6510:, p. 199; 6506: 6502: 6494: 6490: 6482:, p. 199; 6478: 6474: 6466: 6462: 6454: 6450: 6442: 6438: 6430: 6426: 6418: 6411: 6403: 6399: 6391:, p. 199; 6387: 6378: 6370:, p. 199; 6366: 6362: 6354: 6297: 6289:, p. 198; 6285: 6281: 6269:, p. 198; 6265: 6261: 6253: 6244: 6236:, p. 198; 6232: 6219: 6211: 6207: 6200: 6184: 6180: 6172:, p. 198; 6168: 6159: 6151:, p. 198; 6147: 6143: 6135:, p. 198; 6131: 6124: 6112:, p. 198; 6108: 6104: 6096:, p. 198; 6092: 6088: 6080:, p. 198; 6076: 6067: 6059:, p. 198; 6055: 6051: 6043:, p. 198; 6039: 6032: 6024: 6020: 6012: 6008: 6000: 5996: 5988: 5984: 5976: 5972: 5964: 5957: 5945: 5941: 5933: 5929: 5921: 5914: 5906: 5895: 5887: 5880: 5872: 5868: 5860: 5856: 5848: 5844: 5836: 5832: 5824: 5815: 5807: 5803: 5795: 5791: 5783: 5779: 5771: 5767: 5759: 5755: 5747: 5740: 5732: 5728: 5720: 5705: 5697: 5664: 5656: 5649: 5641:, p. 197; 5637: 5633: 5625: 5616: 5608: 5601: 5593: 5586: 5578: 5574: 5566: 5562: 5554: 5550: 5542: 5538: 5530: 5526: 5518: 5514: 5506: 5497: 5493:, pp. 2–6. 5489: 5485: 5477: 5470: 5462: 5458: 5450: 5446: 5440:Lendering 2006b 5438: 5434: 5426: 5417: 5409: 5405: 5397: 5384: 5376: 5372: 5366:Luckenbill 1927 5364: 5360: 5352: 5348: 5340: 5336: 5328: 5324: 5316: 5309: 5301: 5297: 5289: 5285: 5277: 5273: 5265: 5254: 5246: 5242: 5234: 5230: 5226:, p. 1–27. 5222: 5218: 5210: 5206: 5198: 5194: 5186: 5163: 5155: 5151: 5140: 5127: 5123: 5118: 5117: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5086: 5081: 5077: 5068: 5064: 5055: 5051: 5041: 5031: 5024: 5005: 4994: 4987: 4980: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4960: 4955: 4951: 4945: 4938: 4928: 4927:used 24 years ( 4917: 4906: 4899: 4895: 4884: 4880: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4856: 4833: 4829: 4823: 4814: 4808: 4801: 4788: 4784: 4771: 4767: 4758: 4751: 4742: 4733: 4712: 4708: 4703: 4678: 4664:2nd century AD 4654: 4641:2nd century AD 4627:2nd century AD 4617: 4590: 4565: 4533: 4507: 4497:in the region, 4495:Sasanian Empire 4467:Assyrian people 4440: 4434: 4429: 4416:Siege of Harran 4401: 4390: 4377:fall of Nineveh 4358: 4347: 4318: 4312: 4305: 4273: 4262: 4237: 4230:Aššur-bāni-apli 4226: 4198: 4187: 4151: 4140: 4104: 4093: 4056: 4050: 4027: 4016: 3988: 3977: 3949: 3938: 3917: 3906: 3885: 3874: 3849: 3838: 3835:Adad-nirari III 3812:in a civil war 3810:Ashur-danin-pal 3802: 3791: 3763: 3752: 3749:Shalmaneser III 3716: 3705: 3680: 3673:Tukultī-Ninurta 3669: 3651: 3640: 3580: 3569: 3551: 3540: 3522: 3511: 3493: 3482: 3464: 3453: 3450:Ashur-nirari IV 3435: 3424: 3406: 3395: 3392:Ashurnasirpal I 3377: 3366: 3363:Shamshi-Adad IV 3348: 3337: 3319: 3308: 3290: 3279: 3261: 3250: 3225: 3214: 3196: 3182: 3164: 3150: 3132: 3118: 3100: 3086: 3068: 3054: 3036: 3022: 3004: 2990: 2972: 2962:Tukultī-Ninurta 2958: 2933: 2919: 2901: 2887: 2869: 2855: 2837: 2823: 2800: 2786: 2783:Ashur-uballit I 2758: 2744: 2726: 2712: 2694: 2680: 2662: 2648: 2630: 2616: 2613:Ashur-nirari II 2598: 2584: 2566: 2552: 2534: 2520: 2508:Son of Nur-ili 2502: 2488: 2470: 2456: 2438: 2424: 2406: 2392: 2389:Puzur-Ashur III 2374: 2360: 2342: 2328: 2310: 2296: 2278: 2264: 2261:Shamshi-Adad II 2246: 2232: 2214: 2200: 2182: 2168: 2146: 2132: 2110: 2096: 2078: 2064: 2046: 2032: 2014: 2000: 1982: 1968: 1925: 1904: 1882: 1860: 1838: 1816: 1789: 1772: 1760: 1733: 1709: 1683: 1656: 1629: 1611: 1597: 1579: 1565: 1517: 1500: 1486: 1468: 1454: 1429: 1415: 1397: 1383: 1358: 1344: 1326: 1312: 1278: 1251: 1221: 1211:, 2025–1364 BC 1175: 1138: 1093: 1067: 1010: 1005: 1004: 968: 935:, son of Hayani 927: 926: 923:, son of Samani 896: 893:, son of Ushpia 855: 779: 749: 741: 736: 730: 725: 712: 701: 687: 663: 649: 619: 608: 547: 536: 471:Akkadian Empire 444: 438: 422:Ashur-nirari II 410: 399: 388: 385:Ashurnasirpal I 299: 294: 277:Assyrian people 220:Ashur-uballit I 159:king of Assyria 143:21st century BC 122: 120:Ashur-uballit I 118: 114: 110: 106: 82: 75: 55: 34: 22: 12: 11: 5: 10623: 10613: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10595:Assyrian kings 10580: 10579: 10577: 10576: 10568: 10565: 10564: 10562: 10561: 10554: 10551:šar māt Šumeri 10544: 10534: 10524: 10521:šar māt Akkadi 10513: 10511: 10507: 10506: 10504: 10503: 10496: 10486: 10475: 10473: 10469: 10468: 10466: 10465: 10458: 10448: 10438: 10427: 10425: 10421: 10420: 10418: 10417: 10410: 10400: 10390: 10379: 10377: 10373: 10372: 10365: 10364: 10357: 10350: 10342: 10333: 10332: 10330: 10329: 10324: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10307:Assyriologists 10304: 10298: 10296: 10292: 10291: 10289: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10252: 10250: 10246: 10245: 10243: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10226: 10224: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10216: 10214:List of rulers 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10130: 10128: 10124: 10123: 10121: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10103:Proto-Armenian 10100: 10095: 10090: 10088:Middle Persian 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10029: 10027: 10021: 10020: 10017: 10016: 10014: 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9978: 9976:Neo-Babylonian 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9956:Old Babylonian 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9926:Early Dynastic 9922: 9920: 9914: 9913: 9911: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9830: 9828: 9819: 9815: 9814: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9801: 9799: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9692: 9690: 9686: 9685: 9683: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9666: 9665: 9660: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9619: 9617: 9610: 9604: 9603: 9596: 9595: 9588: 9581: 9573: 9564: 9563: 9561: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9508:Ashur-nirari V 9505: 9500: 9498:Shalmaneser IV 9495: 9490: 9488:Shamshi-Adad V 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9468:Adad-nirari II 9464: 9462: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9421:Shalmaneser II 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9401:Ashur-bel-kala 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9381:Mutakkil-Nusku 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9317: 9315: 9301: 9300: 9298: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9270:Enlil-Nasir II 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9235:Ashur-nirari I 9232: 9227: 9225:Ishme-Dagan II 9222: 9217: 9212: 9210:Sharma-Adad II 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9166: 9160: 9154: 9148: 9142: 9139:Ashur-apla-idi 9136: 9131: 9126: 9120: 9114: 9108: 9103: 9101:Shamshi-Adad I 9098: 9093: 9088: 9086:Puzur-Ashur II 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9052: 9050: 9036: 9035: 9032: 9031: 9029:Later kingship 9026: 9021: 9016: 9010: 9009: 9006: 9005: 9000: 8999: 8992: 8985: 8977: 8970: 8969: 8949: 8929: 8909: 8889: 8869: 8850: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8821: 8801: 8796:978-1575067612 8795: 8778: 8745: 8740:978-3727816239 8739: 8724: 8715: 8710:978-1440853524 8709: 8694: 8681: 8645: 8625: 8619: 8611:Ancient Turkey 8606: 8600: 8585: 8580:978-0521070515 8579: 8564: 8552:10.1086/371028 8535: 8530:978-0140125238 8529: 8516: 8496:10.1086/468883 8475: 8470:978-0714121413 8469: 8456: 8446:(2): 255–265. 8435: 8418: 8413:978-0198715900 8412: 8399: 8382: 8341: 8336:978-0567054098 8335: 8320: 8300: 8266:(3): 357–386. 8255: 8250:978-3111033587 8249: 8234: 8205: 8172: 8167:978-0806154039 8166: 8151: 8146:978-3110100518 8145: 8130: 8124: 8109: 8103: 8088: 8077: 8072:978-0415679060 8071: 8056: 8051:978-1575060958 8050: 8035: 8024: 8019:978-0810863248 8018: 8003: 7998:978-1884964039 7997: 7982: 7976: 7959: 7935: 7929: 7914: 7908: 7893: 7888:978-8779346529 7887: 7870: 7865:978-1118325247 7864: 7849: 7812: 7787: 7781: 7768: 7754: 7739: 7734:978-1118325247 7733: 7718: 7713:978-9004265615 7712: 7693: 7688:978-1780760636 7687: 7672: 7667:978-1108778701 7666: 7651: 7646:978-3868351019 7645: 7628: 7623:978-1315686561 7622: 7607: 7584: 7572:10.1086/669098 7564:10.1086/669098 7543: 7538:978-1628371772 7537: 7522: 7508: 7471: 7466:978-9004430914 7465: 7450: 7444: 7429: 7396: 7390: 7375: 7370:978-0195183641 7369: 7354: 7348: 7335: 7330:978-1405188999 7329: 7314: 7309:978-0393059748 7308: 7293: 7280: 7275:978-0521514170 7274: 7256: 7235: 7230:978-3111033587 7229: 7214: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7186: 7174: 7168:, p. 20; 7158: 7146: 7140:, p. 13; 7130: 7118: 7101: 7089: 7077: 7065: 7053: 7041: 7026: 7024:, p. 170. 7014: 6999: 6987: 6985:, p. 236. 6975: 6963: 6961:, p. 141. 6951: 6939: 6937:, p. 128. 6915: 6913:, p. 135. 6895: 6893:, p. 255. 6883: 6871: 6867:Lipschits 2005 6851: 6839: 6827: 6811: 6809:, p. 121. 6787: 6785:, p. 135. 6763: 6761:, p. 166. 6753:, p. 29; 6739: 6733:, p. 56; 6719: 6695: 6689:, p. 28; 6683:Davenport 2016 6671: 6669:, p. 390. 6659: 6655:Davenport 2016 6639: 6635:Davenport 2016 6627: 6625:, p. 239. 6608: 6606:, p. 200. 6592: 6572: 6570:, p. 103. 6552: 6532: 6530:, p. 115. 6516: 6514:, p. 161. 6500: 6498:, p. 190. 6488: 6486:, p. 227. 6472: 6470:, p. 362. 6460: 6458:, p. 115. 6448: 6446:, p. 203. 6436: 6434:, p. 158. 6424: 6409: 6397: 6393:Lendering 2006 6376: 6374:, p. 114. 6360: 6358:, p. 199. 6295: 6291:Lendering 2006 6279: 6277:, p. xvi. 6271:Lendering 2006 6259: 6257:, p. 147. 6242: 6240:, p. xvi. 6217: 6205: 6198: 6178: 6176:, p. 355. 6157: 6141: 6122: 6116:, p. 92; 6102: 6086: 6084:, p. 104. 6065: 6049: 6030: 6018: 6016:, p. 191. 6006: 5994: 5982: 5970: 5968:, p. 120. 5955: 5953:, p. 148. 5939: 5927: 5925:, p. 148. 5912: 5893: 5878: 5866: 5854: 5852:, p. 251. 5842: 5830: 5828:, p. xvi. 5813: 5801: 5799:, p. 115. 5789: 5787:, p. 114. 5777: 5775:, p. 103. 5765: 5761:Eppihimer 2013 5753: 5738: 5736:, p. 118. 5726: 5724:, p. 200. 5703: 5701:, p. 198. 5662: 5660:, p. 197. 5647: 5645:, p. 276. 5631: 5614: 5599: 5597:, p. 276. 5584: 5572: 5568:Eppihimer 2013 5560: 5548: 5536: 5524: 5512: 5495: 5483: 5481:, p. 117. 5468: 5456: 5454:, p. 187. 5444: 5432: 5430:, p. 119. 5415: 5403: 5382: 5370: 5368:, p. 211. 5358: 5346: 5334: 5322: 5307: 5295: 5283: 5281:, p. 193. 5271: 5252: 5240: 5228: 5216: 5204: 5192: 5188:Lendering 2006 5161: 5149: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5094: 5084: 5075: 5062: 5049: 5047:1351–1334 BC). 5022: 5013:historiography 4978: 4968: 4958: 4949: 4936: 4893: 4878: 4864: 4854: 4827: 4812: 4799: 4782: 4765: 4749: 4731: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4697: 4691: 4685: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4598: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4573: 4569:Rāʾeḥat Hayyay 4559: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4548: 4527: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4506: 4503: 4459:Neo-Babylonian 4436:Main article: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4412: 4405: 4398: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4365: 4362: 4355: 4339: 4338: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4322: 4315: 4309:Sîn-šumu-līšir 4302:Sîn-šumu-līšir 4298: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4270: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4241: 4234: 4219: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4202: 4195: 4180: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4158: 4155: 4148: 4144:Sîn-aḥḥē-erība 4133: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4111: 4108: 4101: 4086: 4078: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4062: 4052:Main article: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4034: 4031: 4024: 4020:Salmānu-ašarēd 4009: 4001: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3985: 3970: 3962: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3946: 3935:Ashur-nirari V 3930: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3914: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3882: 3878:Salmānu-ašarēd 3871:Shalmaneser IV 3866: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3853: 3846: 3831: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3813: 3806: 3799: 3788:Shamshi-Adad V 3784: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3760: 3756:Salmānu-ašarēd 3745: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3723: 3720: 3713: 3698: 3690: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3677: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3648: 3637:Adad-nirari II 3632: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3577: 3561: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3548: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3519: 3515:Aššur-rēša-iši 3503: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3490: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3463:1018 – 1013 BC 3461: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3434:1030 – 1019 BC 3432: 3428:Salmānu-ašarēd 3421:Shalmaneser II 3416: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3405:1049 – 1031 BC 3403: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3376:1053 – 1050 BC 3374: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3347:1055 – 1054 BC 3345: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3318:1073 – 1056 BC 3316: 3312:Aššūr-bēl-kala 3305:Ashur-bel-kala 3300: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3289:1075 – 1074 BC 3287: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3260:1114 – 1076 BC 3258: 3243: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3224:1132 – 1115 BC 3222: 3218:Aššur-rēša-iši 3206: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3190: 3186:Mutakkil-Nusku 3179:Mutakkil-Nusku 3174: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3158: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3131:1178 – 1133 BC 3126: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3099:1191 – 1179 BC 3094: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3067:1196 – 1192 BC 3062: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3035:1202 – 1197 BC 3030: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3003:1206 – 1203 BC 2998: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2971:1243 – 1207 BC 2966: 2951: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2932:1273 – 1244 BC 2927: 2923:Salmānu-ašarēd 2911: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2900:1305 – 1274 BC 2895: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2868:1317 – 1306 BC 2863: 2847: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2836:1327 – 1318 BC 2831: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2804: 2799:1363 – 1328 BC 2794: 2778: 2777: 2776:, 1363–912 BC 2768: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2757:1390 – 1364 BC 2752: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2725:1400 – 1391 BC 2720: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2693:1408 – 1401 BC 2688: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2661:1417 – 1409 BC 2656: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2629:1424 – 1418 BC 2624: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2597:1430 – 1425 BC 2592: 2581:Enlil-nasir II 2576: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2565:1452 – 1431 BC 2560: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2533:1472 – 1453 BC 2528: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2496: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2469:1484 – 1473 BC 2464: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2437:1497 – 1485 BC 2432: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2405:1521 – 1498 BC 2400: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2373:1547 – 1522 BC 2368: 2357:Ashur-nirari I 2352: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2341:1563 – 1548 BC 2336: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2309:1579 – 1564 BC 2304: 2293:Ishme-Dagan II 2288: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2277:1585 – 1580 BC 2272: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2245:1598 – 1586 BC 2240: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2213:1601 – 1599 BC 2208: 2197:Sharma-Adad II 2192: 2191: 2189: 2188:Son of Bazaya 2186: 2181:1615 – 1602 BC 2176: 2160: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2145:1621 – 1616 BC 2140: 2124: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2109:1649 – 1622 BC 2104: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2077:1661 – 1650 BC 2072: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2052:Son of Libaya 2050: 2045:1673 – 1662 BC 2040: 2024: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2013:1690 – 1674 BC 2008: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1981:1700 – 1691 BC 1976: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1896: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1830: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1808: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1797: 1793:Aššur-apla-idi 1786:Ashur-apla-idi 1781: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1768: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1741: 1725: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1691: 1675: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1664: 1648: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1637: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1610:1775 – 1765 BC 1605: 1589: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1578:1808 – 1776 BC 1573: 1562:Shamshi-Adad I 1558: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1494: 1478: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1462: 1447: 1439: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1428:1880 – 1873 BC 1423: 1412:Puzur-Ashur II 1407: 1406: 1404: 1403:Son of Ikunum 1401: 1396:1920 – 1881 BC 1391: 1376: 1368: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1357:1934 – 1921 BC 1352: 1336: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1325:1974 – 1935 BC 1320: 1305: 1297: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1286: 1270: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1259: 1243: 1242: 1240: 1234: 1229: 1213: 1212: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1157: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1131: 1126: 1118: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1106: 1105: 1103: 1086: 1080: 1079: 1077: 1060: 1055: 1049: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1002: 997: 992: 991:, son of Aminu 985: 967: 966: 960: 954: 948: 942: 936: 929: 928: 925: 924: 918: 912: 905: 895: 894: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 857: 856: 854: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 797: 776:Shamshi-Adad I 740: 737: 729: 726: 724: 723:Assyrian kings 721: 686: 683: 607: 604: 437: 434: 426:Enlil-Nasir II 378:Shamshi-Adad I 298: 295: 293: 290: 153: 152: 149: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 131: 127: 126: 101: 97: 96: 92: 91: 88: 87: 84: 83: 69: 61: 60: 57: 56: 49: 41: 40: 26: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10622: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10574: 10570: 10569: 10566: 10560: 10559: 10555: 10552: 10548: 10547:King of Sumer 10545: 10542: 10538: 10535: 10532: 10531:šar māt Aššur 10528: 10525: 10522: 10518: 10517:King of Akkad 10515: 10514: 10512: 10508: 10502: 10501: 10497: 10494: 10493:šarrum dannum 10490: 10487: 10484: 10480: 10477: 10476: 10474: 10470: 10464: 10463: 10459: 10456: 10452: 10449: 10446: 10442: 10439: 10436: 10432: 10431:King of Kings 10429: 10428: 10426: 10422: 10416: 10415: 10411: 10408: 10404: 10401: 10398: 10394: 10391: 10388: 10384: 10381: 10380: 10378: 10374: 10370: 10363: 10358: 10356: 10351: 10349: 10344: 10343: 10340: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10299: 10297: 10293: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10253: 10251: 10247: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10227: 10225: 10221: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10125: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10030: 10028: 10026: 10022: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9923: 9921: 9919: 9915: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9827: 9823: 9820: 9816: 9811: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9687: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9655: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9643:Syrian Desert 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9620: 9618: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9594: 9589: 9587: 9582: 9580: 9575: 9574: 9571: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9553:Sinsharishkun 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9518:Shalmaneser V 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9503:Ashur-dan III 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9457: 9453: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9431:Ashur-rabi II 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9406:Eriba-Adad II 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9341:Shalmaneser I 9339: 9337: 9336:Adad-nirari I 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9318: 9316: 9306: 9302: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9255:Ashur-shaduni 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9245:Enlil-nasir I 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9185:Sharma-Adad I 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9170: 9167: 9164: 9161: 9158: 9155: 9152: 9149: 9146: 9143: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9124: 9121: 9118: 9115: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9106:Ishme-Dagan I 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9056:Puzur-Ashur I 9054: 9053: 9051: 9048:2025–1364 BC) 9041: 9037: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9011: 9007: 8998: 8993: 8991: 8986: 8984: 8979: 8978: 8975: 8959: 8955: 8950: 8939: 8935: 8930: 8919: 8915: 8910: 8899: 8895: 8890: 8879: 8875: 8870: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8840: 8836: 8831: 8830: 8818: 8814: 8807: 8802: 8798: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8779: 8775: 8771: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8755: 8751: 8746: 8742: 8736: 8732: 8731: 8725: 8721: 8716: 8712: 8706: 8702: 8701: 8695: 8691: 8687: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8666: 8662: 8658: 8651: 8646: 8642: 8638: 8631: 8626: 8622: 8616: 8613:. Routledge. 8612: 8607: 8603: 8601:1-57591-079-9 8597: 8593: 8592: 8586: 8582: 8576: 8572: 8571: 8565: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8536: 8532: 8526: 8522: 8517: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8501: 8497: 8493: 8489: 8485: 8481: 8476: 8472: 8466: 8462: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8445: 8441: 8436: 8432: 8428: 8424: 8419: 8415: 8409: 8405: 8400: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8383: 8379: 8375: 8371: 8367: 8363: 8359: 8355: 8351: 8347: 8342: 8338: 8332: 8328: 8327: 8321: 8317: 8313: 8306: 8301: 8297: 8293: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8256: 8252: 8246: 8242: 8241: 8235: 8231: 8227: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8206: 8202: 8198: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8173: 8169: 8163: 8159: 8158: 8152: 8148: 8142: 8138: 8137: 8131: 8127: 8125:1-57607-965-1 8121: 8117: 8116: 8110: 8106: 8104:0-89356-313-7 8100: 8096: 8095: 8089: 8085: 8084: 8078: 8074: 8068: 8065:. Routledge. 8064: 8063: 8057: 8053: 8047: 8043: 8042: 8036: 8032: 8031: 8025: 8021: 8015: 8011: 8010: 8004: 8000: 7994: 7990: 7989: 7983: 7979: 7973: 7970:. Routledge. 7968: 7967: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7948: 7941: 7936: 7932: 7930:1-57607-091-3 7926: 7922: 7921: 7915: 7911: 7909:0-87099-743-2 7905: 7901: 7900: 7894: 7890: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7871: 7867: 7861: 7857: 7856: 7850: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7813: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7788: 7784: 7782:0-8020-0886-0 7778: 7774: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7755:9783447013826 7751: 7747: 7746: 7740: 7736: 7730: 7726: 7725: 7719: 7715: 7709: 7705: 7701: 7700: 7694: 7690: 7684: 7680: 7679: 7673: 7669: 7663: 7659: 7658: 7652: 7648: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7629: 7625: 7619: 7615: 7614: 7608: 7605:(1): 133–158. 7604: 7600: 7596: 7593: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7544: 7540: 7534: 7530: 7529: 7523: 7516: 7515: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7472: 7468: 7462: 7458: 7457: 7451: 7447: 7445:0-931464-82-X 7441: 7437: 7436: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7407:(in German). 7406: 7402: 7397: 7393: 7391:3-525-53645-3 7387: 7383: 7382: 7376: 7372: 7366: 7362: 7361: 7355: 7351: 7345: 7341: 7336: 7332: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7315: 7311: 7305: 7301: 7300: 7294: 7290: 7286: 7281: 7277: 7271: 7267: 7266: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7241: 7236: 7232: 7226: 7222: 7221: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7203: 7202: 7196: 7195: 7184:, p. 11. 7183: 7178: 7172:, p. 11. 7171: 7167: 7162: 7156:, p. 42. 7155: 7150: 7143: 7139: 7134: 7128:, p. 15. 7127: 7122: 7115: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7099:, p. 19. 7098: 7093: 7086: 7081: 7074: 7069: 7063:, p. 18. 7062: 7057: 7050: 7045: 7039:, p. 20. 7038: 7033: 7031: 7023: 7018: 7011: 7006: 7004: 6996: 6991: 6984: 6979: 6973:, p. 18. 6972: 6967: 6960: 6955: 6949:, p. 20. 6948: 6943: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6919: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6899: 6892: 6887: 6880: 6875: 6869:, p. 13. 6868: 6864: 6860: 6855: 6849:, p. 48. 6848: 6843: 6837:, p. 40. 6836: 6831: 6824: 6820: 6815: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6791: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6767: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6743: 6736: 6732: 6731:Melville 2016 6728: 6723: 6716: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6699: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6675: 6668: 6663: 6657:, p. 36. 6656: 6652: 6648: 6643: 6636: 6631: 6624: 6620: 6615: 6613: 6605: 6601: 6596: 6589: 6588:Beaulieu 2018 6585: 6581: 6576: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6556: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6536: 6529: 6525: 6520: 6513: 6509: 6504: 6497: 6492: 6485: 6481: 6476: 6469: 6464: 6457: 6452: 6445: 6440: 6433: 6428: 6422:, p. 28. 6421: 6416: 6414: 6406: 6401: 6394: 6390: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6373: 6369: 6364: 6357: 6352: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6292: 6288: 6283: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6263: 6256: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6239: 6235: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6215:, p. 99. 6214: 6209: 6201: 6195: 6191: 6190: 6182: 6175: 6174:McIntosh 2005 6171: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6155:, p. 85. 6154: 6150: 6145: 6139:, p. 91. 6138: 6134: 6129: 6127: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6106: 6100:, p. 89. 6099: 6095: 6090: 6083: 6079: 6074: 6072: 6070: 6063:, p. 92. 6062: 6058: 6053: 6047:, p. 81. 6046: 6042: 6037: 6035: 6027: 6022: 6015: 6010: 6004:, p. 59. 6003: 5998: 5992:, p. 24. 5991: 5986: 5979: 5974: 5967: 5966:Chavalas 1994 5962: 5960: 5952: 5949:, p. 5; 5948: 5943: 5936: 5931: 5924: 5919: 5917: 5909: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5890: 5885: 5883: 5875: 5870: 5863: 5858: 5851: 5846: 5840:, p. 12. 5839: 5834: 5827: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5810: 5805: 5798: 5793: 5786: 5781: 5774: 5769: 5763:, p. 49. 5762: 5757: 5751:, p. 27. 5750: 5745: 5743: 5735: 5734:Chavalas 1994 5730: 5723: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5708: 5700: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5659: 5654: 5652: 5644: 5640: 5635: 5628: 5627:Highcock 2017 5623: 5621: 5619: 5612:, p. 20. 5611: 5606: 5604: 5596: 5591: 5589: 5582:, p. 11. 5581: 5576: 5570:, p. 36. 5569: 5564: 5557: 5552: 5545: 5540: 5533: 5528: 5521: 5516: 5509: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5492: 5487: 5480: 5479:Chavalas 1994 5475: 5473: 5466:, p. 19. 5465: 5460: 5453: 5448: 5441: 5436: 5429: 5428:Chavalas 1994 5424: 5422: 5420: 5412: 5407: 5400: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5379: 5378:Melville 2016 5374: 5367: 5362: 5356:, p. 28. 5355: 5350: 5344:, p. 21. 5343: 5338: 5332:, p. 12. 5331: 5330:Karlsson 2017 5326: 5319: 5318:Karlsson 2017 5314: 5312: 5305:, p. 73. 5304: 5299: 5292: 5291:Liverani 2013 5287: 5280: 5275: 5269:, p. 27. 5268: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5250:, p. 24. 5249: 5244: 5237: 5236:Meissner 1990 5232: 5225: 5220: 5214:, p. 89. 5213: 5208: 5201: 5196: 5189: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5158: 5153: 5146: 5144: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5125: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5088: 5079: 5072: 5066: 5059: 5053: 5039: 5036: 5029: 5027: 5018: 5014: 5003: 4992: 4985: 4983: 4972: 4962: 4953: 4943: 4941: 4926: 4915: 4904: 4903:Shalmaneser I 4897: 4889: 4882: 4875: 4868: 4858: 4850: 4844: 4838: 4831: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4806: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4786: 4779: 4775: 4769: 4762: 4756: 4754: 4746: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4727: 4726:šar māt Aššur 4722: 4717: 4716:Iššiʾak Aššur 4710: 4706: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4679: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4640: 4636: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4611: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4599: 4595: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4574: 4570: 4564: 4561: 4560: 4557: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4529: 4528: 4514: 4511: 4502: 4496: 4490: 4483: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4465:empires. The 4464: 4460: 4453: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4399: 4395: 4394:Aššur-uballiṭ 4389: 4388: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4363: 4356: 4352: 4351:Sîn-šar-iškun 4346: 4345: 4344:Sîn-šar-iškun 4340: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4323: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4271: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4255: 4252: 4249: 4246: 4242: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4196: 4192: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4178: 4174: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4116: 4115:Dur-Sharrukin 4112: 4109: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4087: 4084: 4080: 4079: 4059: 4055: 4041: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4025: 4021: 4015: 4014: 4013:Shalmaneser V 4010: 4007: 4003: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3993: 3986: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3968: 3964: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3947: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3915: 3911: 3905: 3904: 3903:Ashur-dan III 3899: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3854: 3847: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3832: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3814: 3811: 3807: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3731:Mediterranean 3728: 3724: 3721: 3714: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3688: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3662: 3659: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3633: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3601: 3598:, 911–609 BC 3597: 3596: 3591: 3588: 3578: 3574: 3568: 3567: 3562: 3559: 3549: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3533: 3530: 3520: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3501: 3492:1012 – 972 BC 3491: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3479:Ashur-rabi II 3475: 3472: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3443: 3433: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3417: 3414: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3388: 3385: 3375: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3356: 3346: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3334:Eriba-Adad II 3330: 3327: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3298: 3288: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3272: 3269: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3244: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3233: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3207: 3204: 3191: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3175: 3172: 3159: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3140: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3108: 3095: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3076: 3063: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3044: 3031: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3012: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2988: 2983: 2980: 2967: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2944: 2941: 2928: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2916:Shalmaneser I 2912: 2909: 2896: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2884:Adad-nirari I 2880: 2877: 2864: 2860: 2854: 2853: 2848: 2845: 2832: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2809:šar māt Aššur 2795: 2791: 2790:Aššur-uballiṭ 2785: 2784: 2779: 2775: 2774: 2769: 2766: 2753: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2734: 2721: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2705: 2702: 2689: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2673: 2670: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2641: 2638: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2606: 2593: 2589: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2574: 2561: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2545: 2542: 2529: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2513: 2510: 2497: 2493: 2492:Aššur-šaddûni 2487: 2486: 2485:Ashur-shaduni 2481: 2478: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2454: 2449: 2446: 2433: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2421:Enlil-nasir I 2417: 2414: 2401: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2382: 2369: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2353: 2350: 2337: 2333: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2318: 2305: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2289: 2286: 2273: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2257: 2254: 2241: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2225: 2222: 2209: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2193: 2190: 2177: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2154: 2141: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2105: 2101: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2086: 2073: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2054: 2041: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2029:Sharma-Adad I 2025: 2022: 2009: 2005: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1990: 1988:Son of Adasi 1977: 1973: 1967: 1966: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1837: 1836: 1832: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1794: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1769: 1765: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1712: 1700: 1697: 1692: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1665: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1606: 1602: 1596: 1595: 1594:Ishme-Dagan I 1590: 1587: 1584: 1574: 1570: 1564: 1563: 1559: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1524: 1508: 1505: 1495: 1491: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1463: 1459: 1453: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1424: 1420: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1392: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1321: 1317: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1287: 1283: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1260: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1220: 1219: 1218:Puzur-Ashur I 1214: 1210: 1209: 1204: 1187: 1184: 1166: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1136: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1091: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1065: 1061: 1059: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1029:Iššiʾak Aššur 1024: 1019: 1018:Puzur-Ashur I 1015: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 990: 987: 984: 982: 978: 977:Puzur-Ashur I 973: 972: 964: 961: 958: 955: 952: 949: 946: 943: 940: 937: 934: 931: 922: 919: 917:, son of Hale 916: 913: 910: 907: 904: 901: 900: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 803: 802: 801: 796: 793: 791: 777: 772: 768: 767: 760: 747: 735: 720: 710: 699: 694: 692: 691:ancient Egypt 682: 680: 676: 670: 661: 647: 642: 638: 636: 632: 617: 612: 602: 597: 594: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 558: 556: 545: 534: 529: 528: 523: 518: 515: 514:Iššiʾak Aššur 506: 502: 497: 492: 484: 480: 472: 465: 464:oryx antelope 461: 457: 453: 448: 443: 433: 431: 427: 423: 417: 416:727–722 BC). 408: 407:Shalmaneser V 397: 386: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 358: 352: 348: 343: 339: 337: 331: 327: 326:Dur-Sharrukin 323: 319: 312: 309:tablet, from 308: 303: 289: 287: 283: 278: 274: 273:Median Empire 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 241: 239: 235: 231: 226: 221: 216: 215:Iššiʾak Aššur 211: 206: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 175: 174:šar māt Aššur 169: 168:Iššiʾak Aššur 164: 160: 150: 146: 142: 138: 135: 132: 128: 121: 113: 112:Puzur-Ashur I 105: 102: 98: 93: 89: 85: 73: 67: 62: 58: 53: 47: 42: 37:šar māt Aššur 31:Iššiʾak Aššur 27: 19: 16: 10556: 10550: 10540: 10530: 10526: 10520: 10498: 10492: 10482: 10460: 10454: 10444: 10434: 10412: 10407:šar kiššatim 10406: 10396: 10386: 10209:Royal titles 10134:Architecture 9971:Neo-Assyrian 9818:(Pre)history 9638:Persian Gulf 9538:Ashurbanipal 9460:(911–609 BC) 9446:Ashur-dan II 9331:Arik-den-ili 9326:Enlil-nirari 9313:1363–912 BC) 9295:Eriba-Adad I 9260:Ashur-rabi I 9019:Royal titles 9013: 8961:. Retrieved 8957: 8941:. Retrieved 8937: 8921:. Retrieved 8917: 8901:. Retrieved 8897: 8881:. Retrieved 8877: 8862:. Retrieved 8860:. 2018-06-19 8857: 8842:. Retrieved 8838: 8816: 8812: 8786: 8757: 8753: 8729: 8719: 8699: 8689: 8660: 8656: 8640: 8636: 8610: 8590: 8569: 8543: 8539: 8521:Ancient Iraq 8520: 8487: 8483: 8460: 8443: 8439: 8430: 8426: 8403: 8394: 8390: 8356:(1): 56–90. 8353: 8349: 8325: 8315: 8311: 8263: 8259: 8239: 8213: 8209: 8184: 8180: 8156: 8135: 8114: 8093: 8082: 8061: 8040: 8029: 8008: 7987: 7965: 7946: 7919: 7898: 7878: 7854: 7820: 7816: 7802:(1): 23–41. 7799: 7795: 7772: 7744: 7723: 7698: 7677: 7656: 7636: 7612: 7602: 7598: 7558:(1): 35–49. 7555: 7551: 7527: 7513: 7479: 7475: 7455: 7434: 7411:(1): 25–62. 7408: 7404: 7380: 7359: 7339: 7319: 7298: 7288: 7284: 7264: 7243: 7239: 7219: 7200: 7191:Bibliography 7177: 7161: 7149: 7144:, p. 8. 7142:Aggoula 1985 7133: 7121: 7116:, p. 8. 7114:Aggoula 1985 7092: 7080: 7068: 7056: 7044: 7037:Parpola 2004 7017: 7012:, p. 7. 6990: 6978: 6971:Parpola 2004 6966: 6954: 6942: 6918: 6907:Na'aman 1991 6898: 6891:Na'aman 1991 6886: 6874: 6863:Na'aman 1991 6854: 6842: 6830: 6823:Na'aman 1991 6814: 6799:Na'aman 1991 6790: 6766: 6742: 6722: 6715:Radner 2012b 6698: 6691:Radner 2012b 6674: 6662: 6651:Grayson 2002 6642: 6630: 6623:Grayson 2002 6604:Grayson 2002 6595: 6575: 6568:Bertman 2003 6555: 6535: 6519: 6503: 6491: 6475: 6463: 6451: 6439: 6432:Grayson 1972 6427: 6400: 6363: 6282: 6262: 6213:Bertman 2003 6208: 6188: 6181: 6153:Bertman 2003 6144: 6137:Bertman 2003 6120:, p. 6. 6114:Bertman 2003 6105: 6098:Bertman 2003 6089: 6082:Bertman 2003 6061:Bertman 2003 6052: 6045:Bertman 2003 6021: 6009: 5997: 5985: 5980:, p. 7. 5973: 5942: 5937:, p. 8. 5930: 5910:, p. 6. 5891:, p. 5. 5869: 5857: 5845: 5833: 5811:, p. 9. 5804: 5792: 5780: 5773:Bertman 2003 5768: 5756: 5749:Grayson 1972 5729: 5634: 5575: 5563: 5558:, p. 5. 5556:Grayson 1972 5551: 5546:, p. 3. 5544:Grayson 1972 5539: 5527: 5520:Grayson 1972 5515: 5510:, p. 2. 5508:Grayson 1972 5491:Grayson 1972 5486: 5459: 5447: 5435: 5406: 5373: 5361: 5349: 5337: 5325: 5320:, p. 1. 5303:Stevens 2014 5298: 5286: 5274: 5243: 5231: 5219: 5212:La Boda 1994 5207: 5195: 5152: 5142: 5097: 5087: 5078: 5070: 5065: 5057: 5052: 4971: 4961: 4952: 4896: 4881: 4867: 4857: 4840:from Assur. 4830: 4785: 4768: 4709: 4651: 4612: 4587: 4562: 4530: 4508: 4484: 4456: 4400:612 – 609 BC 4385: 4357:627 – 612 BC 4342: 4300: 4272:631 – 627 BC 4257: 4236:669 – 631 BC 4223:Ashurbanipal 4221: 4197:681 – 669 BC 4182: 4166:Arda-Mulissu 4150:705 – 681 BC 4135: 4103:722 – 705 BC 4088: 4026:727 – 722 BC 4011: 3987:745 – 727 BC 3972: 3948:755 – 745 BC 3942:Aššur-nārāri 3933: 3916:773 – 755 BC 3901: 3884:783 – 773 BC 3869: 3848:811 – 783 BC 3833: 3801:824 – 811 BC 3786: 3762:859 – 824 BC 3747: 3715:884 – 859 BC 3700: 3679:890 – 884 BC 3664: 3650:911 – 891 BC 3635: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3593: 3579:934 – 912 BC 3566:Ashur-dan II 3564: 3550:966 – 935 BC 3535: 3521:971 – 967 BC 3506: 3477: 3457:Aššur-nārāri 3448: 3419: 3390: 3361: 3332: 3303: 3274: 3245: 3209: 3177: 3145: 3113: 3081: 3049: 3026:Aššur-nārāri 3017: 2985: 2953: 2914: 2882: 2859:Arīk-den-ili 2852:Arik-den-ili 2850: 2827:Enlīl-nārāri 2820:Enlil-nirari 2818: 2781: 2771: 2741:Eriba-Adad I 2739: 2707: 2675: 2643: 2620:Aššur-nārāri 2611: 2579: 2547: 2517:Ashur-rabi I 2515: 2483: 2451: 2419: 2387: 2364:Aššur-nārāri 2355: 2323: 2291: 2259: 2227: 2195: 2163: 2127: 2091: 2059: 2027: 1995: 1963: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1928: 1926: 1899: 1877: 1855: 1833: 1811: 1784: 1755: 1728: 1678: 1652: 1624: 1592: 1560: 1518: 1481: 1449: 1410: 1378: 1339: 1307: 1273: 1246: 1216: 1206: 1176: 1154: 1121: 1109: 1083: 1052: 1011: 974: 970: 969: 902: 898: 897: 799: 798: 794: 764: 761: 742: 695: 688: 671: 660:Ashurbanipal 643: 639: 631:divine right 628: 599: 595: 559: 527: 526: 519: 468: 456:Neo-Assyrian 430:Ashur-rabi I 418: 359: 315: 292:Introduction 244: 242: 207: 203:Neo-Assyrian 179:Mesopotamian 158: 156: 72:Ashurbanipal 15: 10489:Mighty King 10435:šar šarrāni 10312:Hittitology 10302:Assyriology 10223:Archaeology 10093:Old Persian 9903:Jemdet Nasr 9528:Sennacherib 9371:Ashur-dan I 9215:Erishum III 9163:Adad-salulu 9157:Ipqi-Ishtar 9134:Ashur-dugul 9061:Shalim-ahum 8963:26 November 8923:18 December 8826:Web sources 8490:(1): 1–29. 7823:: 189–195. 7285:Abr-Nahrain 7166:Radner 2015 7097:Radner 2015 7073:Radner 2015 7010:Radner 2015 6995:Hauser 2017 6983:Hauser 2017 6959:Radner 2019 6947:Radner 2015 6935:Rowton 1951 6927:Radner 2019 6923:Radner 2013 6911:Radner 2019 6847:Dalley 1994 6803:Finkel 2013 6779:Widmer 2019 6775:Radner 2003 6759:Radner 2003 6735:Radner 2012 6711:Radner 2012 6564:Radner 2015 6548:Magill 1998 6544:Radner 2015 6528:Radner 2015 6512:Tucker 2019 6456:Radner 2015 6420:Hagens 2005 6372:Radner 2015 6275:Düring 2020 6255:Hunger 2009 6238:Düring 2020 6002:Poebel 1943 5951:Hunger 2009 5923:Hunger 2009 5826:Düring 2020 5785:Radner 2015 5532:Foster 2016 5411:Reade 1998b 5399:Parker 2011 5354:Soares 2017 5342:Soares 2017 5267:Hagens 2005 5248:Hagens 2005 5200:Rowton 1970 5157:Radner 2015 5103:hagiography 4888:Kidin-Ninua 4614:Rʻuth-Assor 4452:Rʻuth-Assor 4369:Babylonians 4137:Sennacherib 4070:Succession 4038:palace coup 3857:Shammuramat 3842:Adad-nārārī 3644:Adad-nārārī 3115:Ashur-dan I 2891:Adad-nārārī 2588:Enlīl-nāsir 2428:Enlīl-nāsir 2396:Puzur-Aššur 2229:Erishum III 1886:Adad-ṣalulu 1879:Adad-salulu 1857:Ipqi-Ishtar 1764:Aššur-dugul 1757:Ashur-dugul 1536:(Portrait) 1419:Puzur-Aššur 1255:Šallim-aḫḫe 1248:Shalim-ahum 1225:Puzur-Aššur 1189:(Portrait) 1090:Manishtushu 957:Ila-kabkabu 347:Ashur-dan I 181:kingdom of 108:(legendary) 10589:Categories 10541:šar Bābili 10483:šarru rabu 10479:Great King 10455:šar mātāti 10276:Divination 9986:Achaemenid 9951:Isin-Larsa 9844:Trialetian 9839:Mousterian 9826:Prehistory 9533:Esarhaddon 9111:Mut-Ashkur 9096:Erishum II 8943:9 February 8864:2019-11-21 8433:: 135–142. 8318:(2): 5–22. 7702:. Leiden: 7349:3805323107 7182:Beyer 1998 7170:Beyer 1998 7154:Beyer 2013 7138:Beyer 1998 7126:Beyer 1998 6931:Reade 1998 6879:Ahmed 2018 6859:Oates 1992 6807:Ahmed 2018 6783:Fales 2012 6755:Frahm 2014 6751:Elayi 2017 6687:Ahmed 2018 6584:Bauer 2007 6484:Fales 2014 6444:Leick 2010 6407:page 60-61 6118:Reade 2001 6026:Fales 2014 6014:Frahm 2017 5978:Reade 2001 5947:Reade 2001 5935:Reade 2001 5908:Reade 2001 5889:Reade 2001 5838:Kuhrt 1997 5809:Reade 2001 5643:Aubet 2013 5595:Aubet 2013 5279:Hallo 1980 5224:Azize 1998 5121:References 5107:Mar Behnam 5002:Esarhaddon 4925:Esarhaddon 4747:are known. 4621:Rʿūṯʾassor 4510:sequence. 4471:Achaemenid 4360:(15 years) 4324:Prominent 4320:(3 months) 4239:(38 years) 4200:(12 years) 4184:Esarhaddon 4153:(24 years) 4106:(17 years) 3990:(18 years) 3951:(10 years) 3919:(18 years) 3887:(10 years) 3851:(28 years) 3815:Conquered 3804:(13 years) 3795:Šamši-Adad 3765:(35 years) 3718:(25 years) 3653:(21 years) 3619:Succession 3582:(23 years) 3553:(32 years) 3495:(41 years) 3486:Aššur-rabi 3437:(12 years) 3408:(19 years) 3370:Šamši-Adad 3341:Erība-Adad 3321:(18 years) 3263:(39 years) 3227:(18 years) 3134:(46 years) 3102:(13 years) 2974:(37 years) 2935:(30 years) 2903:(32 years) 2871:(12 years) 2839:(10 years) 2802:(36 years) 2760:(27 years) 2748:Erība-Adad 2728:(10 years) 2568:(22 years) 2536:(20 years) 2524:Aššur-rabi 2472:(12 years) 2440:(13 years) 2408:(24 years) 2376:(26 years) 2344:(16 years) 2332:Šamši-Adad 2312:(16 years) 2300:Išme-Dagān 2268:Šamši-Adad 2248:(13 years) 2204:Šarma-Adad 2184:(14 years) 2112:(28 years) 2080:(12 years) 2048:(12 years) 2036:Šarma-Adad 2016:(17 years) 1984:(10 years) 1937:(Portrait) 1864:Ipqi-Ištar 1626:Mut-Ashkur 1613:(11 years) 1601:Išme-Dagān 1581:(33 years) 1569:Šamši-Adad 1483:Erishum II 1399:(40 years) 1360:(14 years) 1328:(40 years) 1133:Vassal of 1110:Ilabaandul 1092:of Akkad ( 1088:Vassal of 1066:of Akkad ( 1062:Vassal of 732:See also: 685:Legitimacy 679:lion hunts 614:Relief of 544:Esarhaddon 440:See also: 366:Babylonian 320:capitals ( 307:terracotta 282:Achaemenid 253:Babylonian 50:Symbol of 10149:Cuneiform 10025:Languages 9834:Acheulean 9721:Babylonia 9658:Euphrates 9608:Geography 9523:Sargon II 9205:Shu-Ninua 9190:Iptar-Sin 9151:Sin-namir 9145:Nasir-Sin 9129:Puzur-Sin 9091:Naram-Sin 9071:Erishum I 9066:Ilu-shuma 8774:199880564 8663:: 66–88. 8560:162308322 8512:161480780 8378:162220863 8296:145597598 8280:0091-7710 8230:163351203 8201:159785150 7845:163327812 7580:162825616 7504:194106498 7482:: 45–58. 7210:609738626 6903:Chen 2020 6819:Chen 2020 6795:Chen 2020 6771:Chen 2020 6747:Chen 2020 6727:Chen 2020 6703:Chen 2020 6679:Chen 2020 6647:Chen 2020 6619:Chen 2020 6600:Chen 2020 6580:Chen 2020 6560:Chen 2020 6540:Chen 2020 6524:Chen 2020 6508:Chen 2020 6480:Chen 2020 6389:Chen 2020 6368:Chen 2020 6356:Chen 2020 6287:Chen 2020 6267:Chen 2020 6234:Chen 2020 6170:Chen 2020 6149:Chen 2020 6133:Chen 2020 6110:Chen 2020 6094:Chen 2020 6078:Chen 2020 6057:Chen 2020 6041:Chen 2020 5874:Chen 2020 5862:Chen 2020 5722:Chen 2020 5699:Chen 2020 5658:Chen 2020 5639:Chen 2020 5610:Lewy 1966 5580:Lewy 1966 5452:Roux 1992 5038:Akhenaten 4791:Ekallatum 4776:. In the 4774:Hammurabi 4658:Nḇūḏayyān 4652:Nbudayyan 4601:Uncertain 4576:Uncertain 4551:Uncertain 4519:Timespan 4403:(3 years) 4313:(usurper) 4275:(4 years) 4097:Šarru-kīn 4090:Sargon II 4061:Portrait 4029:(5 years) 3910:Aššur-dān 3682:(7 years) 3573:Aššur-dān 3524:(5 years) 3466:(6 years) 3379:(4 years) 3350:(2 years) 3292:(2 years) 3122:Aššur-dān 3070:(5 years) 3038:(6 years) 3006:(4 years) 2696:(8 years) 2664:(9 years) 2632:(7 years) 2600:(6 years) 2504:(1 month) 2280:(6 years) 2216:(3 years) 2165:Shu-Ninua 2148:(6 years) 2068:Ibtar-Sîn 2061:Iptar-Sin 1972:Bēlu-bāni 1842:Sîn-nāmir 1835:Sin-namir 1820:Nāṣir-Sîn 1813:Nasir-Sin 1800:Uncertain 1773:(6 years) 1771:Uncertain 1744:Uncertain 1737:Puzur-Sîn 1730:Puzur-Sin 1694:Uncertain 1667:Uncertain 1640:Uncertain 1633:Mut-Aškur 1458:Narām-Sîn 1451:Naram-Sin 1431:(8 years) 1387:Šarru-kīn 1309:Erishum I 1289:Uncertain 1275:Ilu-shuma 1262:Uncertain 1232:Uncertain 1160:Uncertain 981:Ilu-shuma 951:Yazkur-el 746:Erishum I 709:Sargon II 342:eponymous 288:empires. 148:Abolition 140:Formation 10295:Academia 10249:Religion 10118:Urartian 10113:Sumerian 10098:Parthian 10033:Akkadian 10006:Sasanian 9996:Parthian 9991:Seleucid 9941:Simurrum 9931:Akkadian 9864:Khiamian 9854:Natufian 9766:Simurrum 9751:Kassites 9746:Hittites 9701:Adiabene 9175:Bel-bani 9081:Sargon I 8819:: 53–54. 8677:43286072 8643:: 20–35. 8452:43076393 8288:41303323 7808:43076931 7425:23608128 7262:(2013). 7252:10198006 5111:Sinharib 4843:A-sí-nim 4837:a-sí-nim 4825:Asinum). 4676:See also 4479:Parthian 4475:Seleucid 4448:Parthian 3604:Portrait 2172:Šu-Ninua 1965:Bel-bani 1380:Sargon I 1282:Ilu-šūma 1135:Amar-Sin 1058:Akkadian 891:Apiashal 591:Mullissu 587:Sarpanit 555:Bel-bani 522:Assyrian 458:king of 318:Assyrian 286:Parthian 271:and the 171:, later 163:Akkadian 21:King of 10281:Prayers 10266:Deities 10230:Looting 10073:Kassite 10068:Hurrian 10063:Hittite 10053:Elamite 10048:Eblaite 10043:Aramaic 10038:Amorite 9961:Kassite 9936:Gutians 9918:History 9883:Samarra 9879:Hassuna 9849:Zarzian 9771:Subartu 9761:Mitanni 9726:Chaldea 9716:Assyria 9689:Ancient 9250:Nur-ili 9200:Lullaya 8637:Rosetta 8370:3693710 7955:6128352 7837:3642789 7496:4200384 7291:: 1–27. 5045: 5035:pharaoh 5009: 4998: 4932: 4921: 4910: 4874:eponyms 4849:assinnu 4761:eponyms 4745:eponyms 4375:at the 4162:Nineveh 3817:Babylon 3195:1132 BC 3163:1132 BC 2501:1473 BC 2460:Nur-ili 2453:Nur-ili 2129:Lullaya 1142: 1137:of Ur ( 1123:Zariqum 1097: 1071: 1041:Period 945:Yakmeni 939:Yakmesi 933:Ilu-Mer 831:Mandaru 826:Harharu 821:Suhlamu 783: 771:Amorite 753: 716: 705: 667: 653: 623: 573:" and " 551: 540: 525:system. 479:Babylon 460:Babylon 414: 403: 392: 362:Hittite 349:of the 330:Nineveh 297:Sources 267:by the 249:Hittite 236:" and " 183:Assyria 95:Details 79: 23:Assyria 10108:Sutean 10083:Median 10078:Luwian 10058:Gutian 9946:Ur III 9859:Nemrik 9796:Cities 9791:Urartu 9741:Hamazi 9736:Gutium 9711:Armani 9663:Tigris 9616:Modern 9195:Bazaya 9180:Libaya 9123:Asinum 9117:Rimush 9076:Ikunum 8903:29 May 8898:Livius 8883:29 May 8878:Livius 8844:29 May 8793: 8772: 8737: 8707: 8675: 8617: 8598: 8577: 8558: 8527: 8510: 8504:545577 8502: 8467: 8450: 8410: 8376: 8368: 8333: 8294: 8286: 8278: 8247: 8228: 8199: 8164: 8143: 8122: 8101: 8069: 8048: 8016: 7995: 7974: 7953: 7927: 7906: 7885: 7862: 7843: 7835: 7806: 7779: 7764:584578 7762: 7752: 7731: 7710: 7685: 7664: 7643: 7620: 7578: 7570: 7535: 7502: 7494: 7463: 7442: 7423: 7388: 7367: 7346: 7327: 7306: 7272: 7250: 7227: 7208: 6196: 4976:years. 4563:Hayyay 4543:Hormez 4537:Hormoz 4531:Hormoz 4522:Notes 4463:Median 4409:Harran 4326:eunuch 4317:626 BC 4067:Reign 3727:Nimrud 2236:Erišum 2093:Bazaya 2004:Libaia 1997:Libaya 1717:Reign 1687:Asīnum 1680:Asinum 1653:Rimush 1542:Reign 1523:šarrum 1490:Erišum 1348:Ikūnum 1341:Ikunum 1316:Erišum 1195:Reign 1155:Silulu 1129:Ur III 1064:Rimush 1023:waklum 995:Kikkia 989:Sulili 921:Hayani 915:Samani 886:Ushpia 881:Azarah 846:Didanu 806:Tudiya 583:Marduk 436:Titles 199:Middle 151:609 BC 104:Tudiya 10194:Music 10144:Akitu 10001:Roman 9893:Ubaid 9888:Halaf 9786:Tukri 9781:Sumer 9776:Suhum 9756:Media 9706:Akkad 9169:Adasi 8809:(PDF) 8770:S2CID 8673:JSTOR 8653:(PDF) 8633:(PDF) 8556:S2CID 8508:S2CID 8500:JSTOR 8448:JSTOR 8374:S2CID 8366:JSTOR 8308:(PDF) 8292:S2CID 8284:JSTOR 8226:S2CID 8216:(1). 8197:S2CID 7951:S2CID 7943:(PDF) 7841:S2CID 7833:JSTOR 7804:JSTOR 7576:S2CID 7568:JSTOR 7518:(PDF) 7500:S2CID 7492:JSTOR 7421:JSTOR 7242:[ 5092:this. 4721:Ashur 4701:Notes 4594:Ḥannī 4588:Hanni 4516:Name 4489:maryo 4373:Medes 4119:Tabal 4064:Name 3614:Reign 2136:Lulāa 2100:Bāzāa 1947:Reign 1908:Adasi 1901:Adasi 1714:Name 1660:Rimuš 1539:Name 1238:Assur 1192:Name 1084:Azuzu 1053:Ititi 1038:Name 1014:Assur 1000:Akiya 963:Aminu 871:Abazu 866:Nuabu 861:Zuabu 841:Harsu 816:Yangi 811:Adamu 790:Terqa 635:Ashur 563:Ashur 501:Ashur 336:limmy 322:Assur 311:Assur 210:Ashur 187:Assur 52:Ashur 10558:More 10500:More 10462:More 10414:More 10240:Tell 9898:Uruk 9731:Elam 8965:2019 8945:2020 8925:2021 8905:2021 8885:2021 8846:2021 8791:ISBN 8735:ISBN 8705:ISBN 8615:ISBN 8596:ISBN 8575:ISBN 8525:ISBN 8465:ISBN 8408:ISBN 8331:ISBN 8276:ISSN 8245:ISBN 8162:ISBN 8141:ISBN 8120:ISBN 8099:ISBN 8067:ISBN 8046:ISBN 8014:ISBN 7993:ISBN 7972:ISBN 7925:ISBN 7904:ISBN 7883:ISBN 7860:ISBN 7777:ISBN 7760:OCLC 7750:ISBN 7729:ISBN 7708:ISBN 7683:ISBN 7662:ISBN 7641:ISBN 7618:ISBN 7533:ISBN 7476:Iraq 7461:ISBN 7440:ISBN 7386:ISBN 7365:ISBN 7344:ISBN 7325:ISBN 7304:ISBN 7270:ISBN 7248:OCLC 7225:ISBN 7206:OCLC 6194:ISBN 5145:2018 4795:Mari 4540:(or 4525:Ref 4477:and 4461:and 4371:and 4076:Ref 3609:Name 1942:Name 1723:Ref 1548:Ref 1201:Ref 1047:Ref 909:Hale 876:Belu 851:Hana 836:Imsu 675:lion 454:, a 368:and 328:and 284:and 255:and 232:", " 201:and 157:The 10139:Art 9171:(?) 9165:(?) 9159:(?) 9153:(?) 9147:(?) 9141:(?) 9125:(?) 9119:(?) 9113:(?) 8762:doi 8665:doi 8661:134 8548:doi 8492:doi 8358:doi 8268:doi 8218:doi 8189:doi 7825:doi 7603:106 7592:Adê 7560:doi 7484:doi 7413:doi 5105:of 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Knowledge

List of Assyrian kings

Index