811:— never to return there. His contribution to the English management of the Irish honors is assessed ambiguously. On the one hand, the Duke of Clarence, during the period of administration of the English colony, made the first attempt to force landowners to contribute to the protection of royal possessions. Lionel also managed to achieve some military successes, capturing Art Mor Mac Murdach, the Gaelic leader who caused the greatest trouble for the English; he died in English captivity. On the other hand, the rule of the Duke of Clarence demonstrated that the Irish honors was no longer self-sustaining, since English power in the colony could only be maintained with military and financial assistance from the royal government. When the interests and resolve of the crown weakened, the allocated resources quickly disappeared. Moreover, the political rhetoric of the Irish parliaments of that period does not suggest that the local aristocracy sensed any noticeable changes in the regime of the English kings; the Statutes of Kilkenny above all demonstrated the conflict between the official policy of the English government and the realities of Anglo-Irish political culture.
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796:, which became Lionel's most important legacy for the Irish government. It was aimed at preventing the process of cultural and political "degeneration" among Irish-born Englishmen. In particular, the king's subjects were prohibited from using the Irish language, marrying Irish women, and observing Irish laws. In addition, the distinction between "English by birth" and "English by blood" was eliminated as far as possible. Although there was little new among the rules introduced, their
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576:. Since Lionel at this time, due to his age, could not independently manage the kingdom, a council exercised royal power on his behalf. Nevertheless, in the second period, the regent was provided with a personal seal at the expense of the king, which allowed Lionel to solve a limited range of administrative duties assigned to him personally. Documents surviving bearing this seal show that the prince's personal household was successively located during this period at the Tower,
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the
English crown. He landed in Dublin in September 1361, accompanied by his wife and many large landowners. They were accompanied by a military detachment consisting of about 50 knights, 300 men-at-arms and 540 horse archers. In addition, the Duke was allocated sufficient financial resources to hire an additional army in Ireland itself. The original plan to recruit 800 foot archers in Wales appears to have failed.
910:. English chroniclers, reporting the incredible success of Edward III's marriage policy, believed that Galeazzo II Visconti transferred half of his lands to his son-in-law. However, the marriage turned out to be short and fruitless: already at the beginning of October 1368, Lionel fell ill with an unknown illness and died on 17 October in the city of Alba in
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Langley, was not drawn to the world of high politics. However, it is possible that the fact that his career took place mainly outside
England played a role —first in Ireland, then in Italy. His early death shortly before his 30th birthday deprived his English contemporaries of any real knowledge about the personality of the prince and his merits.
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a large meeting of the
English landowners in Ireland was held, and they were ordered to provide the prince with soldiers and accompany him to defend their estates. Lionel was given the task of restoring the devastated position of the English colony on the island by demonstrating the military power of
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Unlike his brothers Edward the Black Prince, John of Gaunt and Thomas of
Woodstock, Lionel did not play a particularly significant role in English political life. He rarely came to the attention of contemporary chroniclers. Mark Omrod believes that perhaps Lionel, like his younger brother, Edmund of
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there. Although representatives of the local nobility demanded the regular intervention of the
English king in the affairs of the Irish honors, "Englishmen born in Ireland" (as the local Anglo-Norman barons were often called) had completely different political views than "Englishmen born in England"
859:, the marriage complemented the anti-papal stance pursued by the English crown in the 1360s. In his opinion, only this can explain what advantages the English king planned to receive from an alliance with Milan, since Edward III's dynastic strategy was largely aimed at the British Isles and France.
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to
Drogheda. He continued to try to gain real control over the estates of his wife, who died in 1363. Although his father did his best to provide his son with supplies, Lionel only managed to gain control of a small part of the east coast of Ulster. His constant attempts to rule Ireland through the
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The peace between
England and France concluded at Brétigny in 1360, which lasted until 1369, finally allowed Lionel to take the role in Ireland that his father had planned for him. In July 1360, representatives of the Anglo-Irish political community approached Edward III, begging him to send them a
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estates in
England and Wales, as well as lands in the County of Ulster that belonged to her as a widow's share, came into the possession of Lionel by right of his wife. On 15 March 1361 the English king announced his intention to send his son to rule the possessions on the island, and on 1 July he
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tribes increased on the island. In addition, claims to Ulster were made by other representatives of the de Burgh family. As a result, the governors who ruled on Lionel's behalf only had effective control over a very limited area. To remedy this situation, Edward III married off Maud of
Lancaster,
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Lionel's arms were at some point those of the kingdom, differenced by a label argent of five points, with each point bearing a cross gules, thus presenting the flag of
England's Saint George's cross on each point. There are also suggestions, such as the above image, that at some point he bore a
339:, he inherited large holdings in Northern, Western and South-Western Ireland, as well as the title of Earl of Ulster. In 1361, Edward III appointed his son the royal lieutenant (viceroy) of Ireland, and in 1362 he created the title of Duke of Clarence for him, making Lionel the first among the
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took part in the wedding dinner during the luxurious celebrations that followed the wedding ceremony, which was distinguished by great pomp, sitting among the greatest guests at the first table. In the next 5 months there were continuous celebrations, feasts and tournaments.
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Clare Priory is traditionally considered the burial place of Elizabeth de Burgh, but the National Archives contains an account of the expenses of Nicholas of Flaidbury and John de Neuborne, who, on behalf of Lionel, accompanied the body of his late wife to the funeral at
1695:
A collection of all the wills, now known to be extant, of the kings and queens of England, princes and princesses of Wales, and every branch of the blood royal, from the reign of William the Conqueror to that of Henry the Seventh exclusive: with explanatory notes, and a
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In the middle of the 14th century, English possessions in Ireland had to be constantly defended. Although Edward III formally claimed power over the entire island, in essence the local clans were almost independent. English dominance in the vast lands beyond the
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not only came up with an idealized description of the duke's appearance, reporting that the prince was a man of great strength and beauty and had a tall stature —reportedly as nearly seven feet (210 cm)—, but also suggested that marriage to a member of the
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was appointed as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, while the Duke of Clarence returned to England to consult his father and the royal council. On 24 September, Lionel was again appointed Lord Lieutenant and returned to Ireland in December, when he campaigned from
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and honor of Clare, which he owned as his wife's dowry. As a result, Lionel became the first Irish peer. At the same time, while in Ireland, he could not manage his wife’s estates in England, so his salary was increased. The size of the army also doubled.
415:. Edward III and Philippa had 12 children in the course of their marriage. Lionel was the fifth born child and the third but second surviving son (one of his older brothers, William of Hatfield, died in infancy in 1337). Of the other brothers, the eldest,
1596:, the English army was caught in a storm on 13 April, which killed men and horses. The army was weakened by the winter campaign, during which the weather was bad, and demoralized. As a result, Edward III decided to return to peace negotiations.
1584:(ÂŁ 166,666) for the withdrawal of the English army from his possessions, but also to promise that, as a peer of France in the future, he would support Edward's coronation. By marching on Paris, the English king failed to provoke the French
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To strengthen his son's position, Edward III in 1362 repeated the orders of the Anglo-Irish nobility that he had given the year before. In addition, at a meeting of Parliament on 13 November 1362, the king created for his son a new title,
358:. A lavish marriage ceremony took place in May or June 1368, but Lionel died soon after, possibly poisoned by his father-in-law. He left an only daughter from his first marriage. Descent through her from Lionel in the 15th century, the
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in 1334). In addition, the name had an obvious association with the heraldic lions (more precisely, leopards) depicted on the English coat of arms. According to another version, Edward III decided to revive the "Welsh name Llywelyn".
743:, which made it possible to increase the efficiency of the military administration of the Irish honors. During the invasion of the O'Byrnes, Lionel lost a hundred mercenaries and was soon glad to rely on the help of the Irish lords.
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in July 1345, Lionel was appointed Guardian (Regent) of England from 3 to 26 July. He held the same position from 11 July 1346 to 12 October 1347, when Edward III conducted a long military campaign in France, ending with the
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and he was given the task of restoring the County of Ulster, but already in 1346 he died. As a result, the plans of the English king did not materialize. Only 15 years later, Lionel was able to get control of Ireland.
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English led to serious conflict between the "English by birth" and the "English by blood", but Edward III attempted to reconcile the two in order to unite both factions to wage war against the native Irish.
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coronation. However, Reims was well fortified, as a result the British did not even try to capture the city, and after 5 weeks in January 1360 the siege was lifted. Next, Edward III led the army through
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after her paternal grandmother, she was Lionel's only legitimate offspring but also the eldest grandchild of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault, and thus a potential heiress of the English throne.
343:. The prince remained viceroy until 1366 (with two short breaks in 1364 and 1365, when he went to England). During this time, Lionel led several military campaigns on the island and adopted the
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Edward III believed that "our Irish dominions are reduced to such complete desolation, ruin and misery, that they may be completely lost unless relief is immediately given to our subjects." At
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and took part in an unsuccessful raid on French lands. During his participation in the French expedition, Lionel's wife Elizabeth de Burgh gave birth to a daughter on 16 August 1355 at
707:. They, like other representatives of the local colonial aristocracy, sharply criticized Edward III's disdainful attitude towards power in these domains. It was alleged that in 1346
2019:
Lives of the Queens of England from the Norman Conquest: With Anecdotes of the Courts: First Published From Official Records and Other Authentic Documents, Private as Well as Public
870:, sailed for Italy. He was accompanied by a retinue of 457 people, who took with them at least 1,280 horses. The wedding ceremony itself took place on 28 May or 5 June in front of
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based its claim to the English throne on descent through the female line from Lionel. In doing so, the Yorkists were able to present a senior claim to the English throne over the
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There are several versions explaining the unusual name that Edward III gave to his son. According to one of them, it is a reference to the Lion of Brabant —the heraldic symbol of
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Apparently, Lionel began to fulfill the duties of Lord Lieutenant of the English possessions in Ireland quite diligently. Almost immediately after landing, he launched a raid on
466:, one of the allies of the English king at that time. However, according to modern researchers, the choice of name is more likely due to the fact that Edward III, who adored the
720:(this was the name given to royal governors and other officials sent by the English government to Ireland). And such views became a serious problem for the Duke of Clarence.
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and Mac Murhi. As a result, in English-controlled lands, royal power was only effective if it met with the tacit support of the local aristocracy, particularly the Earls of
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After Lionel left Ireland, Edward III appears to have outlined a new role for him in his dynastic strategy. Elizabeth de Burgh, first wife of the Duke of Clarence, died in
735:, where a Gaelic army had gathered and was threatening the English settlements around Dublin. In the city itself, which Lionel used as his personal headquarters, he had
969:, the descendants of another younger brother, John of Gaunt. (Edward III's first-born son, Edward the Black Prince, had no legitimate descendants past his two sons
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leader who would have sufficient power and resources to restore order to the troubled island. In addition, on 4 November 1360, Elizabeth de Burgh's grandmother,
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on 8 June 1369, he expressed a desire to be buried in Clare Priory. As a result, his body was later transported to England and buried next to his first wife.
546:(by right of his wife). Apparently, Edward III wanted to make his son the largest Irish magnate. However, during this period, the power of the leaders of the
494:. Previously, the king had granted the earl the privilege of wearing the royal arms bearing an eagle; in 1339 Salisbury's godson received the same privilege.
459:, took care of the newborn prince for 13 weeks, for which he received a reward of 15 ÂŁ. Due to the place of birth, Lionel received the nickname "of Antwerp".
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Edward III took the crown with him on this campaign and, most likely, intended to officially become the French king at the traditional site of the
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Already at the age of 3, Lionel was included in the dynastic policy of his father, who sought to ensure the inheritance of his sons. Back in 1333,
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851:. Quite quickly, the Duke of Clarence became the preferred candidate for marriage. The initiator of Violante's marriage project was her uncle,
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One of the reasons for the delay in gaining power in Ireland was the war that Edward III waged against France. When the English king went to
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rivers was exercised irregularly and with great difficulty. Even the heartland of the English possessions, which included the lands around
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John of Guant: King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, Seneschal of England
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961:. Even though Richard of York was a descendant in the male line of Edward III from Edmund of Langley, Lionel's younger brother, the
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513:, who inherited the de Burghs' large estates in Ireland. On 9 September 1342, Lionel and Elizabeth de Burgh were married in the
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914:. Suspicions soon arose that he was poisoned by his father-in-law, although this was never proven. The 19th century historian
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in 1366 led to the fact that the provisions of the statutes were in force in Ireland until the beginning of the 17th century.
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in May 1367. In February 1368, the Duke of Clarence, having married his 13-years-old daughter Philippa to the 16-years-old
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renounced his rights to the Scottish throne in favor of the English king, the prince's name headed the list of witnesses.
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Lionel, Duke of Clarence. 19th-century drawing of bronze statuette on south side of tomb of his father King Edward III in
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630:. From October 1359 to May 1360, he participated in his father's military campaigns, including the unsuccessful siege of
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Lionel's first wife died in 1363. In 1367, Edward III arranged a new marriage for his son with the niece of the ruler of
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points out that Galeazzo II had no motive to kill his son-in-law, whose death led to the collapse of his ambitions.
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in 1363. Her body was transported to England at the expense of the crown and buried in the de Burgh family vault at
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On 7 November 1366, Edward III replaced his son (tired of this thankless job) as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland with
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Lionel was initially buried in Pavia, but in his will written at Alba, dated 3 October 1368 and confirmed at
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419:, was the heir to Edward III. Lionel also had four younger brothers (three of them survived infancy:
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649:, died. In April 1361, Edward III held a ceremony, giving the vacant seat in the Order to Lionel.
517:. The composition of the possessions inherited by Lionel as a dowry included large territories of
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1987:"The last journey of Elizabeth, Duchess of Clarence, 1364. National Archives: E101/394/19/001"
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Thanks to Lionel's dynastic connection with the House of York, the English chronicler
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in February 1366, which became his most important legacy for the Irish government.
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asking him to take Ireland under his jurisdiction, appointing the Earl himself as
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807:, after which Lionel left the island, vowing —according to the author of the
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In the winter of 1355–1356, Lionel took part in the royal army's invasion of
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275:; 29 November 1338 – 17 October 1368), was an English prince,
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differentiating label argent of three points, each bearing a canton gules.
1001:
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687:, was at times threatened by a number of Gaelic clans such as the O'Brien,
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1935:
Blood Royal: Issue of the Kings and Queens of Medieval England, 1066–1399
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835:, the purpose of which was to discuss the possibility of the marriage of
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Ormrod, W. M. (January 2008b) . "Lionel, duke of Clarence (1338–1368)".
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Elizabeth's mother, to Sir Ralph de Ufford, brother of his close friend
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2340:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 428.
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and later that year led a military campaign in Meath. On 22 April 1364
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renovated. At the same time, part of the government was transferred to
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could eventually make him King of Italy and even Holy Roman Emperor.
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and all later English, and subsequently British, monarchs except for
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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in charge of Ireland. On his return, he convened a parliament in
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justified their preemptive right to the English royal throne.
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Vale, Juliet (September 2010) . "Philippa (1310x15?–1369)".
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Violante's dowry was the enormous amount of 2 million golden
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In 1355, Lionel's military career began: in that year he was
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In May 1359, Lionel fought in a jousting tournament held in
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William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster and 6th Baron Connaught
1609:) is a term denoting land holdings that provided one title.
1580:
was forced not only to offer a ransom of 700 thousand gold
831:. On 30 July 1366, Edward III sent a diplomatic mission to
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In 1365, Lionel again traveled briefly to England, leaving
2167:
Ormrod, W. M. (January 2008a) . "Edward III (1312–1377)".
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Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants
2021:. Volume II. p.181. Google Books. Retrieved 14 August 2014
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1914:
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1908:
501:, the head of one of the largest Anglo-Norman families in
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1576:. It is unknown whether this was originally planned, but
529:, located in Northern, Western and Southwestern Ireland.
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with his coat of arms (for example, at a tournament in
2224:(2021). Alpina Publisher (Russian translation) (ed.).
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Lionel patrilineally descended from the English royal
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2043:(234). London, UK: Oxford University Press: 481–483.
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1668:"Lionel of Antwerp, duke of Clarence | English noble"
431:), as well as five sisters, of whom only the eldest,
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was built). There is evidence that the elderly poet
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Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale
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945:in 1368. Their granddaughter and eventual heiress,
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592:Participation in the wars with France and Scotland
470:, at that time identified himself with one of the
331:, much of the Prince's later career was linked to
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2718:Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary
2261:The Hundred Years' War and the Wars of the Roses
2140:Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy
1021:Ancestors of Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence
383:, King of England since 1327 and his mother was
2478:Prince William, Duke of Clarence and St Andrews
619:. In the treaty in which the Scottish claimant
2085:
643:John Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp of Warwick
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2432:
2285:Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy
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2227:The Plantagenets: The Kings Who Made England
2200:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2173:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2153:Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family
1810:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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1523:One reputed version of Lionel's coat of arms
847:, with either Lionel or his younger brother
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2142:. London: The Bodley Head. pp. 75, 92.
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600:, after which he accompanied his father to
288:from 1362, Guardian of England in 1345–46,
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2250:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
173:Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster
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3010:Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk
2980:Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester
2823:Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester
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2332:Clarence, Dukes of s.v. Lionel of Antwerp
1588:into battle, so he moved south along the
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862:The marriage contract was signed at the
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304:. He was named after his birthplace, at
296:from 1361, second surviving son of King
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3154:Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester
2990:Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant
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2687:William de Longespée, Earl of Salisbury
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2197:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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2170:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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1807:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1791:
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1544:Edward III and his family lived in the
1250:Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence
709:Maurice FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Desmond
540:, Lionel was recognized Earl of Ulster
451:, while his parents were living in the
443:Lionel was born on 29 November 1338 at
429:Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester
188: 1352; died 1363)
27:English prince and nobleman (1338–1368)
18:Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence
14:
3601:Garter Knights appointed by Edward III
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3353:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
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1692:Nichols, John; Gough, Richard (1780).
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1263:
1253:
1145:
1035:
1031:
805:Gerald FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Desmond
751:. The name of the title came from the
536:in 1352, but no later than 26 January
492:William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury
391:. His paternal grandparents were King
3495:
3465:
3369:
3331:
3293:
3252:Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence
3220:
3184:
3092:
3031:
3015:Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent
2943:
2885:
2781:
2742:
2703:
2649:Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony
2617:
2540:
2502:
2446:
2420:
2220:
2092:. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 21
1947:
1932:
1884:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1642:
1463:
1453:
1449:
1437:
1431:
1421:
1405:
1395:
1391:
1375:
1369:
1359:
1343:
1333:
1329:
1317:
1311:
1301:
1285:
1275:
1271:
1247:
1237:
1221:
1211:
1207:
1195:
1189:
1179:
1163:
1153:
1149:
1133:
1127:
1117:
1101:
1091:
1087:
1075:
1069:
1059:
1043:
1039:
662:, died, after which her share of the
399:, and his maternal grandparents were
3517:Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales
3134:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
2963:Margaret of France, Queen of England
2664:Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile
2543:Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
2137:
1861:
1803:
977:.) Lionel was the ancestor of Kings
315:In 1355–60, Lionel took part in the
3442:Illegitimate: Elizabeth Plantagenet
3426:George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford
3416:Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York
3139:Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
3129:Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence
2975:Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar
1961:"The honour and castle of Richmond"
425:Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
325:Second War of Scottish Independence
265:Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence
24:
3257:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford
2813:Joan of England, Queen of Scotland
2602:
2580:Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey
1830:
943:Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March
868:Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March
553:Robert Ufford, 1st Earl of Suffolk
25:
3647:
3621:Children of Edward III of England
3240:Joan of Navarre, Queen of England
2120:von Redlich, Marcellus Donald R.
1874:. Vol. 33. pp. 335–338.
872:Cathedral of Santa Maria Maggiore
792:in February 1366. It adopted the
769:James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormonde
763:Early in 1362, Lionel arrived in
455:. Gilles de Monte, a doctor from
3058:John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall
2669:Joan of England, Queen of Sicily
2314:
2292:: Scarecrow Press. p. 722.
1871:Dictionary of National Biography
939:Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster
890:, together with the fiefdoms of
421:John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster
335:. Through his first marriage to
225:Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster
3591:Earls of Ulster (1264 creation)
3529:Katherine, Countess of Pembroke
2160:
2146:
2086:Armitage-Smith, Sydney (1905).
2011:
1979:
1953:
1926:
1862:Tout, Thomas Frederick (1893).
1612:
1599:
1555:
1548:during the first period of the
208:
185:
3149:Margaret, Countess of Pembroke
2307:
1797:
1685:
1660:
1538:
636:peace negotiations at Brétigny
557:Justiciar (viceroy) of Ireland
555:. In 1345 Ralph was appointed
13:
1:
3581:14th-century English nobility
3370:
3278:Illegitimate: Edmund Leboorde
2808:Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall
2682:Geoffrey (archbishop of York)
2659:Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany
2639:William IX, Count of Poitiers
1937:. Heritage Books. p. 91.
1630:
505:, died. From his marriage to
433:Isabella, Countess of Bedford
3466:
3262:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
2214:UK public library membership
2187:UK public library membership
1824:UK public library membership
645:, one of the Knights of the
509:, he left an only daughter,
7:
3636:Peers created by Edward III
3626:Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
2031:Maskel, J. (21 June 1890).
1933:Leese, Thelma Anna (2007).
1466:Margaret, Countess of Anjou
1314:William I, Count of Hainaut
1012:
401:William I, Count of Hainaut
387:, who came from the French
247:Edward III, King of England
10:
3652:
2600:
2124:. Vol. I. p. 64.
2017:Strickland, Agnes (2009).
1381:
1265:
1139:
1033:
669:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
653:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
472:Knights of the Round Table
370:
290:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
3545:
3504:
3491:
3474:
3461:
3421:Anne of York, Lady Howard
3378:
3365:
3340:
3327:
3302:
3289:
3229:
3216:
3193:
3180:
3101:
3088:
3040:
3027:
2985:Alphonso, Earl of Chester
2952:
2939:
2894:
2881:
2790:
2777:
2751:
2738:
2712:
2699:
2626:
2613:
2567:Geoffrey, Count of Nantes
2549:
2536:
2454:
2405:
2389:
2381:
2374:
2347:
2033:"The Dukedom of Clarence"
1865:"Lionel of Antwerp"
1606:
1578:Duke Philip I of Burgundy
1451:
1443:
1415:
1393:
1389:
1353:
1331:
1323:
1295:
1288:John II, Count of Holland
1273:
1269:
1231:
1209:
1201:
1173:
1151:
1147:
1111:
1089:
1081:
1053:
1037:
997:was Lionel's descendant.
959:Richard, 3rd Duke of York
928:
815:Second marriage and death
478:, often participating in
464:John III, Duke of Brabant
252:
242:
230:
218:
166:
153:
144:17 October 1368 (aged 29)
140:
119:
115:
105:
89:
79:
63:
48:
39:
34:
2290:Rowman & Littlefield
1699:. J. Nichols. p. 90
1531:
1408:Charles, Count of Valois
957:) and was the mother of
955:Edward, 2nd Duke of York
435:, survive to adulthood.
3616:Burials at Clare Priory
3114:Edward the Black Prince
2337:Encyclopædia Britannica
2267:: Astrel. p. 637.
2259:Ustinov, Vadim (2007).
2230:. Moscow. p. 686.
1672:Encyclopedia Britannica
1514:
490:Lionel's godfather was
417:Edward the Black Prince
365:
273:Leonell Duc de Clarence
272:
3498:Richard III of England
2607:
2282:Panton, James (2011).
2263:(in Russian). Moscow:
2206:10.1093/ref:odnb/16750
1965:British History Online
1816:10.1093/ref:odnb/22110
1524:
1346:Philippa of Luxembourg
711:, even sent envoys to
468:legends of King Arthur
3187:Richard II of England
3095:Edward III of England
3053:Edward III of England
3000:Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
2796:Isabella of AngoulĂŞme
2784:John, King of England
2757:Berengaria of Navarre
2674:John, King of England
2606:
2385:William Donn de Burgh
2179:10.1093/ref:odnb/8519
2138:Weir, Alison (1999).
1522:
1130:Edward III of England
951:Richard of Conisburgh
937:Lionel's only child,
916:Thomas Frederick Tout
864:Palace of Westminster
439:Birth and early years
298:Edward III of England
84:William Donn de Burgh
3596:House of Plantagenet
3107:Philippa of Hainault
3063:Eleanor of Woodstock
3034:Edward II of England
3005:Edward II of England
2927:Katherine of England
2888:Henry III of England
2803:Henry III of England
2745:Richard I of England
2706:Henry the Young King
2654:Richard I of England
2644:Henry the Young King
2632:Eleanor of Aquitaine
2530:House of Plantagenet
2409:Philippa Plantagenet
2354:House of Plantagenet
1372:Philippa of Hainault
1072:Edward II of England
953:(younger brother of
841:Galeazzo II Visconti
809:Eulogium historiarum
794:Statutes of Kilkenny
641:On 2 December 1360,
480:jousting tournaments
393:Edward II of England
385:Philippa of Hainault
377:House of Plantagenet
345:Statutes of Kilkenny
302:Philippa of Hainault
294:Knight of the Garter
257:Philippa of Hainault
3611:People from Antwerp
3533:Richard of Eastwell
3479:no consort or issue
3384:Elizabeth Woodville
3334:Henry VI of England
3315:Henry VI of England
3308:Catherine of Valois
3272:Philippa of England
3223:Henry IV of England
2946:Edward I of England
2917:Beatrice of England
2912:Margaret of England
2907:Edward I of England
2900:Eleanor of Provence
2858:Bartholomew FitzRoy
2831:Joan, Lady of Wales
2818:Isabella of England
2725:William Plantagenet
2620:Henry II of England
2590:Mary of Shaftesbury
2572:William FitzEmpress
2562:Henry II of England
2465:Thomas of Lancaster
1950:, pp. 545–554.
1887:, pp. 491–493.
1657:, pp. 279–280.
1166:Philip IV of France
1046:Edward I of England
971:Edward of AngoulĂŞme
647:Order of the Garter
584:(most of 1367) and
445:St. Michael's Abbey
3525:John of Gloucester
3296:Henry V of England
3267:Blanche of England
3247:Henry V of England
3204:Isabella of Valois
3046:Isabella of France
2958:Eleanor of Castile
2608:
2471:George Plantagenet
2399:Elizabeth de Burgh
2376:Peerage of Ireland
1999:on 22 January 2022
1550:Hundred Years' War
1525:
1192:Isabella of France
1104:Eleanor of Castile
967:House of Lancaster
660:Elizabeth de Clare
628:Smithfield, London
397:Isabella of France
337:Elizabeth de Burgh
329:Treaty of Brétigny
317:Hundred Years' War
110:Elizabeth de Burgh
3606:Peers jure uxoris
3586:Dukes of Clarence
3558:
3557:
3541:
3540:
3487:
3486:
3457:
3456:
3450:Grace Plantagenet
3431:Catherine of York
3391:Elizabeth of York
3361:
3360:
3346:Margaret of Anjou
3323:
3322:
3285:
3284:
3212:
3211:
3176:
3175:
3162:John de Southeray
3119:Isabella de Coucy
3084:
3083:
3068:Joan of the Tower
3023:
3022:
2995:Mary of Woodstock
2935:
2934:
2922:Edmund Crouchback
2877:
2876:
2773:
2772:
2734:
2733:
2727:(died in infancy)
2695:
2694:
2598:
2597:
2496:
2495:
2459:Lionel of Antwerp
2448:Dukes of Clarence
2415:
2414:
2406:Succeeded by
2349:Lionel of Antwerp
2299:978-0-81-087497-8
2274:978-5-17-042765-9
2237:978-0-00-721392-4
2212:(Subscription or
2185:(Subscription or
2037:Notes and Queries
1822:(Subscription or
1511:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1224:Joan I of Navarre
1007:House of Visconti
995:Elizabeth of York
874:(where later the
849:Edmund of Langley
837:Violante Visconti
786:Thomas de la Dale
667:appointed Lionel
532:The marriage was
507:Maud of Lancaster
379:. His father was
262:
261:
196:Violante Visconti
57:Westminster Abbey
35:Lionel of Antwerp
16:(Redirected from
3643:
3493:
3492:
3463:
3462:
3411:Margaret of York
3367:
3366:
3329:
3328:
3291:
3290:
3218:
3217:
3182:
3181:
3090:
3089:
3029:
3028:
2941:
2940:
2883:
2882:
2843:Geoffrey FitzRoy
2779:
2778:
2765:Philip of Cognac
2740:
2739:
2701:
2700:
2615:
2614:
2538:
2537:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2382:Preceded by
2370:
2363:
2362:29 November 1338
2345:
2344:
2341:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2303:
2288:. Metuchen, NJ:
2278:
2255:
2249:
2241:
2217:
2209:
2190:
2182:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2083:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2028:
2022:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1992:. Archived from
1991:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1903:
1897:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1867:
1859:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1774:
1768:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1624:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1605:Honor (English:
1603:
1597:
1559:
1553:
1542:
1027:
1026:
1018:
1017:
853:Bernabò Visconti
749:Duke of Clarence
356:Bernabò Visconti
310:Duchy of Brabant
286:Duke of Clarence
212:
210:
189:
187:
130:Duchy of Brabant
123:29 November 1338
53:
42:Duke of Clarence
32:
31:
21:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3537:
3500:
3483:
3470:
3453:
3436:Bridget of York
3374:
3357:
3336:
3319:
3298:
3281:
3225:
3208:
3199:Anne of Bohemia
3189:
3172:
3144:Mary of Waltham
3124:Joan of England
3097:
3080:
3036:
3019:
2948:
2931:
2890:
2873:
2870:William de Forz
2836:Richard FitzRoy
2786:
2769:
2747:
2730:
2708:
2691:
2622:
2609:
2594:
2555:Empress Matilda
2545:
2532:
2527:
2497:
2492:
2450:
2445:
2411:
2402:
2397:jure uxoris by
2395:
2387:
2369:17 October 1368
2364:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2330:, ed. (1911). "
2315:
2313:
2310:
2300:
2275:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2211:
2184:
2163:
2158:
2151:
2147:
2136:
2129:
2118:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2084:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2029:
2025:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1967:. pp. 1–16
1959:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1906:
1898:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1860:
1831:
1821:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1777:
1769:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1621:Bruisyard Abbey
1617:
1613:
1604:
1600:
1586:Dauphin Charles
1570:, setting up a
1560:
1556:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1517:
1512:
1015:
975:King Richard II
931:
876:Milan Cathedral
817:
713:Pope Clement VI
655:
594:
574:Battle of Crécy
570:Siege of Calais
515:Tower of London
441:
373:
368:
214:
211: 1368)
206:
202:
199:
198:
192:
191:
183:
179:
176:
175:
162:
145:
124:
75:
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3649:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3527:
3523:Illegitimate:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3401:Cecily of York
3398:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:Jane Northland
3164:
3160:Illegitimate:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3074:Illegitimate:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:Philip FitzRoy
2865:
2864:Isabel FitzRoy
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2852:Osbert Gifford
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2840:Oliver FitzRoy
2838:
2833:
2829:Illegitimate:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:Illegitimate:
2760:
2759:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2680:Illegitimate:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2611:
2610:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2578:Illegitimate:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2392:Earl of Ulster
2388:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2351:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2328:Chisholm, Hugh
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2279:
2273:
2256:
2236:
2218:
2191:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2145:
2127:
2103:
2069:
2023:
2010:
1978:
1952:
1940:
1925:
1923:, p. 248.
1904:
1902:, p. 302.
1889:
1877:
1829:
1796:
1775:
1710:
1684:
1659:
1647:
1645:, p. 561.
1634:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1611:
1598:
1554:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
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992:
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947:Anne Mortimer
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453:Low Countries
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360:House of York
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44:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3510:Anne Neville
3478:
3396:Mary of York
3128:
2861:Maud FitzRoy
2846:John FitzRoy
2484:
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2458:
2396:
2390:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2335:
2284:
2260:
2225:
2195:
2168:
2161:Bibliography
2148:
2139:
2121:
2094:. Retrieved
2088:
2060:. Retrieved
2040:
2036:
2026:
2018:
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
1994:the original
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1964:
1955:
1943:
1934:
1928:
1880:
1869:
1805:
1799:
1792:Ormrod 2008a
1771:Ormrod 2008b
1701:. Retrieved
1694:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1671:
1662:
1655:Ustinov 2007
1650:
1638:
1614:
1601:
1571:
1557:
1552:with France.
1540:
1526:
1249:
1002:John Hardyng
999:
936:
932:
920:
885:
861:
825:Clare Priory
818:
808:
802:
798:codification
783:
762:
745:
730:
722:
673:
656:
640:
625:
614:
595:
562:
541:
531:
496:
489:
461:
442:
374:
349:
327:. After the
314:
292:in 1361–66,
279:
264:
263:
159:Clare Priory
96:
69:
40:
29:
3576:1368 deaths
3571:1338 births
3169:Joan Skerne
2488:(1890–1892)
2480:(1789–1830)
2473:(1461–1478)
2467:(1412–1421)
2461:(1362–1368)
2308:Attribution
2062:21 February
1900:Panton 2011
1623:in Suffolk.
1592:Valley. At
987:Richard III
543:jure uxoris
534:consummated
341:Irish peers
284:from 1347,
281:jure uxoris
237:Plantagenet
80:Predecessor
71:jure uxoris
3565:Categories
2403:1347–1368
2222:Jones, Dan
2216:required.)
2189:required.)
2003:18 January
1971:2 February
1948:Jones 2021
1885:Jones 2021
1826:required.)
1703:24 January
1677:24 January
1643:Jones 2021
1631:References
1573:chevauchée
949:, married
941:, married
857:Mark Omrod
476:Sir Lionel
381:Edward III
149:, Piedmont
3372:Edward IV
2246:cite book
2096:8 October
2049:0029-3970
991:Henry VII
979:Edward IV
511:Elizabeth
484:Dunstable
161:, Suffolk
90:Successor
3550:Category
3468:Edward V
3406:Edward V
1696:glossary
1594:Chartres
1568:Burgundy
1563:Capetian
1013:Ancestry
983:Edward V
912:Piedmont
904:Cherasco
880:Petrarch
790:Kilkenny
776:through
765:Drogheda
737:a castle
664:de Clare
617:Scotland
610:Philippa
608:: named
598:knighted
572:and the
565:Flanders
519:Connacht
457:Hainault
323:and the
106:co-Ruler
94:Philippa
3233:Wives:
3197:Wives:
2956:Wives:
2325::
2057:2623018
923:Lambeth
908:Demonte
896:Mondovì
888:florins
829:Suffolk
733:Wicklow
705:Kildare
697:Ormonde
693:Desmond
689:O'Toole
681:Shannon
586:Bristol
582:Reading
578:Windsor
523:Munster
503:Ireland
449:Antwerp
409:Zeeland
405:Holland
371:Origins
333:Ireland
308:in the
306:Antwerp
213:
205:
201:
190:
182:
178:
134:Belgium
126:Antwerp
3508:Wife:
3382:Wife:
3344:Wife:
3306:Wife:
3105:Wife:
3044:Wife:
2898:Wife:
2794:Wife:
2755:Wife:
2716:Wife:
2630:Wife:
2553:Wife:
2365:
2319:
2296:
2271:
2234:
2210:
2183:
2055:
2047:
1820:
1607:honour
929:Legacy
906:, and
821:Dublin
757:castle
741:Carlow
725:Easter
685:Dublin
602:Calais
548:Gaelic
527:Ulster
321:France
269:Norman
253:Mother
243:Father
167:Spouse
154:Burial
2970:Henry
2367:Died:
2360:Born:
2039:. 7.
1997:(PDF)
1990:(PDF)
1590:Loire
1532:Notes
900:Cuneo
833:Italy
717:vicar
701:Louth
632:Reims
352:Milan
319:with
232:House
220:Issue
207:(
203:
184:(
180:
132:(now
3076:Adam
2294:ISBN
2269:ISBN
2252:link
2232:ISBN
2098:2018
2064:2016
2053:OCLC
2045:ISSN
2005:2024
1973:2024
1705:2018
1679:2018
1582:Ă©cus
1515:Arms
1464:15.
1406:14.
1344:13.
1286:12.
1222:11.
1164:10.
973:and
892:Alba
778:Trim
774:Cork
753:city
703:and
679:and
677:Bann
538:1347
525:and
427:and
411:and
407:and
395:and
366:Life
300:and
147:Alba
141:Died
120:Born
97:with
2334:".
2265:AST
2202:doi
2175:doi
1812:doi
1432:7.
1370:3.
1312:6.
1248:1.
1190:5.
1128:2.
1102:9.
1070:4.
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