39:
113:
83:
53:
307:
295:
277:
250:
1453:
214:
1527:
2092:
120:
90:
60:
1511:, Caroline Island was officially renamed Millennium Island. Although the island is uninhabited, a special celebration was held there to mark the occasion. It featured performances by native Kiribati entertainers and was attended by Kiribati's President Tito. Over 70 Kiribati singers and dancers travelled to Millennium Island from the capital,
504:
519:
Most 18th-century visitors to these isles overlooked these telltale signs of former
Polynesian settlement. This included Captain Cook, who landed on Christmas Island (now called Kiritimati) in 1777, as well as Captain Fanning, who visited Teraina (Washington Island) and Tabuaeran (Fanning Atoll) in
515:
platforms and/or village complexes on several of the islands, including the
Kiritimati and Tabuaeran atolls, Teraina Island, Malden, Millennium Atoll and Flint Island. These remains are dateable as far back as the 14th century, and show that the inhabitants of the Line Islands were more than just
549:. In 1919, they annexed Christmas Island to the same colony. The Line Islands occasionally featured briefly in the biennial reports furnished by the Colony's resident commissioner to the Colonial Office and Parliament in London (see, for example, the reports submitted in 1966 and 1967).
568:
Geographically, the Line
Islands is divided into three subgroups: the Northern, Central, and Southern Line Islands (however, the Central Line Islands are sometimes grouped with the Southern Line Islands). The table below lists the islands from north to south.
1496:. Previously, the country straddled the Date Line, thus being constantly in two different days. Kiribati officials later capitalised on the nation's new status as owners of the first land to see sunrise in 2000. Other Pacific nations, including
1472:
more than 1,000 km (620 mi) to the east within
Kiribati, which placed all of Kiribati on the Asian or western side of the date line, despite the fact that Millennium Island's longitude of 150 degrees west corresponds to
542:, and annexed the islands with a view to using Tabuaeran (then Fanning Island) as one of the relay stations for the cable. The cable was laid and was operational between 1902 and 1963 (except for a short period in 1914).
395:. The Line Islands, all of which were formed by volcanic activity, are one of the longest island chains in the world, stretching 2,350 km (1,460 mi) from northwest to southeast. One of them,
1565:"International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography, Volume 15 Number 1, 2021, Determining the Areas and Geographical Centers of Pacific Ocean and its Northern and Southern Halves, pp 25-31, Arjun Tan"
1438:
The lagoon areas marked with an asterisk are included in the land areas of the previous column because, unlike typical lagoons in atolls, they are inland waters completely sealed off from the sea.
1906:
1515:, accompanied by approximately 25 journalists. The celebration, which was broadcast worldwide by satellite, had an estimated audience size of as many as one billion viewers.
1731:
2440:
1881:
1845:
1764:
1013:
744:
677:
287:
269:
527:
ships were regular visitors to the islands. They came in search of water, wood and provisions. The first whaler recorded to have visited one of them was the
1485:), but one day ahead. This move made Millennium Island (then Caroline Island) the easternmost land in the earliest time zone (by some definitions, the
1809:
406:
1304:
2131:
1914:
1241:
2450:
2420:
1169:
1367:
1037:
970:
1106:
701:
634:
556:
of 1856, which allowed for very wide-ranging territorial claims. It relinquished these claims only in 1979, when it entered into the
900:
1697:
Order in
Council under the Colonial Boundaries Act, 1895, Annexing Christmas Island to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, 1919.
835:
112:
1723:
770:
162:
1669:
Where the whalers went: an index to the
Pacific ports and islands by American whalers (and some other ships) in the 19th century
1572:
2104:
2062:
1605:
1601:
1504:, protested the move, objecting that it interfered with their own claims to be the first land to see dawn in the year 2000.
2425:
1540:
392:
1706:
Gilbert and Ellice
Islands Colony. (1969). Report for the Years 1966 and 1967. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
82:
1870:
1976:
1834:
1676:
1753:
1688:
Order in
Council Annexing the Ocean, Fanning, and Washington islands to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, 1916.
1489:), and one of the first points of land which saw sunrise on 1 January 2000 – at 5:43 am, as measured by local time.
52:
2435:
2124:
2040:
1009:
740:
673:
388:
263:
2007:
1937:
1629:"Voyaging and basalt exchange in the Phoenix and Line archipelagoes: the viewpoint from three mystery islands"
2455:
2381:
2096:
1482:
1628:
545:
In 1916, the
British annexed Fanning and Washington islands, making them part of the British colony of the
2445:
2117:
457:
passes through the Line
Islands. The ones that are parts of Kiribati are in the world's farthest forward
1802:
2460:
546:
2430:
1468:
for the Line Islands, to take effect from 31 December 1994. This adjustment effectively moved the
1508:
1469:
1146:
454:
2415:
2140:
1597:
Results of the First Joint US-USSR Central Pacific Expedition (BERPAC): Autum[n] 1988
8:
2394:
1545:
333:
38:
1507:
In 1999, to further capitalise upon the massive public interest in celebrations marking
2066:
1647:
560:, which recognised Kiribati's sovereignty over the majority of the Line Islands chain.
1672:
1564:
1486:
1223:
553:
2261:
2226:
1643:
1447:
557:
368:
1456:
Following a 1995 time zone realignment, Millennium Island, then Caroline Island, (
2371:
2324:
2304:
2243:
2148:
1595:
1501:
1153:
396:
1452:
1532:
2409:
2339:
2319:
2271:
2256:
2251:
2196:
2186:
1493:
1474:
1383:
1369:
1320:
1306:
1288:
1257:
1243:
1185:
1171:
1122:
1108:
1053:
1039:
1021:
986:
972:
954:
916:
902:
851:
837:
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772:
717:
703:
685:
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636:
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421:
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384:
376:
353:
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282:
255:
177:
164:
150:
2376:
2309:
2176:
1512:
1351:
1084:
618:
539:
478:
447:
380:
312:
1999:
1968:
1945:
503:
446:
have a permanent population. Besides the 11 confirmed atolls and islands,
1724:"Australia-Oceania :: United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges"
497:
16:
Chain of eleven atolls and low coral islands in the central Pacific Ocean
2109:
2032:
1492:
The move was the fulfilment of a campaign promise by Kiribati President
438:, has the largest land area of any atoll in the world. Only Kiritimati,
2314:
2276:
2181:
1478:
882:
552:
The United States contested the British annexations, based on the U.S.
532:
462:
435:
238:
2329:
2221:
1481:. Millennium Island is now at the same time as the Hawaiian Islands (
1465:
817:
458:
439:
2065:. ClimateArk.org. Associated Press. 30 December 1999. Archived from
1803:"Kiribati 2005 Census of Population and Housing: Provisional Tables"
1464:
On 23 December 1994, the Republic of Kiribati announced a change of
465:. The time of day in these atolls is 24 hours ahead of the state of
1878:
Office of Te Beretitent – Republic of Kiribati Island Report Series
1842:
Office of Te Beretitent – Republic of Kiribati Island Report Series
1761:
Office of Te Beretitent – Republic of Kiribati Island Report Series
1407:
1344:
1281:
1209:
1077:
940:
875:
810:
372:
219:
1460:) became the easternmost land west of the International Date Line.
2334:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2166:
2161:
2156:
1526:
752:
524:
474:
443:
2355:
2286:
2232:
2216:
2191:
2171:
2091:
579:
466:
360:
345:
2281:
2266:
1497:
575:
512:
493:
357:
341:
2105:
National Geographic – Southern Line Islands Expedition, 2009
2000:"Pacific braces for millennium storm over matter of degrees"
500:
are the islands' main export products (along with seaweed).
583:
364:
1671:, Canberra, Pacific Manuscripts Bureau, 1984, p. 149
450:
is shown on some maps, but its existence is doubted.
1969:"Tiny Island's Date-Line Jog in Race for Millennium"
1522:
563:
538:
In 1888, the United Kingdom was planning to lay the
511:
Archaeologists have identified the remains of coral
2441:
Pacific islands claimed under the Guano Islands Act
1626:
1593:
2407:
473:, and 26 hours ahead of some other islands in
2125:
367:) in the central Pacific Ocean, south of the
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
2132:
2118:
1600:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. p.
37:
2139:
1627:di Piazza, Anne; Pearthree, Erik (2001).
1477:rather than to its official time zone of
1782:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1451:
1441:
1215:
946:
609:
535:(then called Christmas Island) in 1822.
502:
1966:
1960:
1863:
1827:
1808:. Kiribati National Statistics Office.
399:, is near the geographic center of the
205:503.28 km (194.32 sq mi)
2408:
2055:
1967:Kristof, Nicholas D. (23 March 1997).
1935:
1929:
1899:
1746:
2113:
2063:"Millennium Island greets Y2K warmly"
2027:
2025:
1997:
1991:
1907:"CIA – The World Factbook – Kiribati"
1709:
1608:from the original on 2 September 2022
2039:. Associated Press. 1 January 2000.
1541:List of islands in the Pacific Ocean
393:United States Minor Outlying Islands
119:
89:
59:
371:. Eight of the atolls are parts of
13:
2451:Archipelagoes of the United States
2421:Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean
2022:
1998:Letts, Quentin (25 January 1996).
1815:from the original on 9 August 2011
1648:10.1002/j.1834-4453.2001.tb00488.x
14:
2472:
2084:
2043:from the original on 13 July 2020
2010:from the original on 28 June 2006
1979:from the original on 13 July 2020
1887:from the original on 4 March 2016
1851:from the original on 4 March 2016
1734:from the original on 8 April 2022
1575:from the original on 21 June 2022
564:List of atolls, islands and reefs
469:in the United States, which uses
2090:
1770:from the original on 29 May 2017
1525:
389:territories of the United States
305:
293:
275:
248:
212:
118:
111:
88:
81:
58:
51:
2033:"2000 greeted with song, dance"
344:(with partly or fully enclosed
1700:
1691:
1682:
1661:
1620:
1587:
1557:
1:
1936:Harris, Aimee (August 1999).
1551:
1944:. p. 20. Archived from
1563:
1509:the arrival of the year 2000
7:
2426:Atolls of the Pacific Ocean
1569:Research India Publications
1518:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1361:
1358:
1355:
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10:
2477:
1594:Patricia A. Nagel (1992).
1487:easternmost point on Earth
1458:red dot at far east of map
1445:
547:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
2390:
2364:
2348:
2295:
2242:
2147:
1483:Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone
596:
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587:
574:
262:
245:
235:Largest island settlement
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156:
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141:
132:Show map of Pacific Ocean
45:
36:
26:
1913:. US CIA. Archived from
1728:CIA – The World Factbook
2436:Geography of Micronesia
1470:International Date Line
1145:Outside the I-Kiribati
455:International Date Line
337:
227:Administrative division
1461:
1321:10.06194°S 152.31278°W
508:
375:. The remaining three—
241: (pop. 6,447)
2141:Geography of Kiribati
1667:Robert Langdon (ed.)
1455:
1446:Further information:
1442:Time zone realignment
1326:-10.06194; -152.31278
1217:Southern Line Islands
611:Northern Line Islands
523:In the 19th century,
506:
2456:Eastern Indo-Pacific
2101:at Wikimedia Commons
1938:"Date Line Politics"
948:Central Line Islands
363:(with a surrounding
340:) are a chain of 11
72:Show map of Kiribati
2395:Outline of Kiribati
2069:on 13 February 2005
1636:Oceania Archaeology
1546:Polynesian Triangle
1379: /
1316: /
1253: /
1181: /
1118: /
1090:existence uncertain
1049: /
982: /
912: /
847: /
782: /
756:(Washington Island)
713: /
646: /
418: /
174: /
102:Show map of Oceania
23:
2446:Islands of Oceania
1973:The New York Times
1911:The World Factbook
1500:and New Zealand's
1462:
1384:11.433°S 151.800°W
886:(Christmas Island)
613:(Fanning's Group)
531:, which docked at
509:
330:Equatorial Islands
21:
2461:Marine ecoregions
2403:
2402:
2095:Media related to
1942:Honolulu Magazine
1433:
1432:
1389:-11.433; -151.800
1258:9.950°S 150.217°W
1227:(Caroline Island)
1224:Millennium Island
1186:5.617°S 155.933°W
1123:5.500°S 151.833°W
1054:4.017°S 154.983°W
987:0.367°S 160.050°W
917:1.883°N 157.400°W
852:3.867°N 159.367°W
787:4.717°N 160.400°W
718:5.867°N 162.100°W
651:6.400°N 162.400°W
554:Guano Islands Act
391:grouped with the
318:
317:
2468:
2431:Disputed islands
2349:West of Gilberts
2262:Enderbury Island
2134:
2127:
2120:
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2110:
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2015:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1964:
1958:
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1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1917:on 27 March 2010
1903:
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1886:
1875:
1871:"20. Kiritimati"
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1448:Time in Kiribati
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1269:Millenium Island
1265:
1264:
1263:-9.950; -150.217
1259:
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1250:
1249:
1246:
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1204:
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1191:-5.617; -155.933
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1177:
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1128:-5.500; -151.833
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1059:-4.017; -154.983
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821:(Fanning Island)
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2372:Carondelet Reef
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2325:Starbuck Island
2305:Caroline Island
2291:
2244:Phoenix Islands
2238:
2149:Gilbert Islands
2143:
2138:
2087:
2082:
2072:
2070:
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2046:
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2037:The Japan Times
2031:
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2013:
2011:
1996:
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1982:
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1965:
1961:
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1948:on 28 June 2006
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1835:"21. Tabuaeran"
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922:1.883; -157.400
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723:5.867; -162.100
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655:
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422:4.97°S 158.75°W
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397:Starbuck Island
326:Teraina Islands
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30:Teraina Islands
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1612:26 February
1387: /
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594:Coordinates
516:castaways.
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264:Territories
183:1.7; -157.2
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157:Coordinates
2410:Categories
2315:Kiritimati
2277:Nikumaroro
2182:Butaritari
2047:27 January
1730:. US CIA.
1653:5 November
1552:References
1406:A part of
1393: (
1343:A part of
1330: (
1308:10°03′43″S
1280:A part of
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477:, such as
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338:Aono Raina
334:Gilbertese
239:Kiritimati
2330:Tabuaeran
2222:Tabiteuea
2004:The Times
1479:UTC+14:00
1475:UTC−10:00
1466:time zone
863:Tabuaeran
818:Tabuaeran
588:Area (km)
483:UTC−12:00
471:UTC−10:00
463:UTC+14:00
459:time zone
440:Tabuaeran
348:, except
142:Geography
2041:Archived
2008:Archived
1977:Archived
1891:28 April
1882:Archived
1880:. 2012.
1855:28 April
1846:Archived
1844:. 2012.
1810:Archived
1774:28 April
1765:Archived
1763:. 2012.
1732:Archived
1606:Archived
1573:Archived
1519:See also
1408:Kiribati
1374:151°48′W
1345:Kiribati
1282:Kiribati
1248:150°13′W
1210:Kiribati
1176:155°56′W
1113:151°50′W
1078:Kiribati
1044:154°59′W
977:160°03′W
941:Kiribati
907:157°24′W
876:Kiribati
842:159°22′W
811:Kiribati
777:160°24′W
641:162°24′W
529:Coquette
498:pet fish
489:Overview
413:158°45′W
373:Kiribati
220:Kiribati
169:157°12′W
147:Location
2335:Teraina
2212:Nonouti
2207:Nikunau
2202:Marakei
2167:Aranuka
2162:Abemama
2157:Abaiang
2073:11 June
2014:10 June
1983:10 June
1952:10 June
1579:18 July
1371:11°26′S
798:Teraina
753:Teraina
708:162°6′W
605:Lagoon
597:Status
525:whaling
475:Oceania
444:Teraina
361:islands
346:lagoons
2356:Banaba
2287:Rawaki
2257:Canton
2233:Tarawa
2227:Tamana
2217:Onotoa
2192:Maiana
2172:Arorae
1675:
1435:Note:
1422:422.42
1419:503.28
1245:9°57′S
1173:5°37′S
1110:5°30′S
1041:4°01′S
974:0°22′S
904:1°53′N
892:217.61
889:388.39
839:3°52′N
774:4°43′N
705:5°52′N
638:6°24′N
580:Island
520:1798.
467:Hawaii
442:, and
410:4°58′S
383:, and
356:) and
354:Jarvis
350:Vostok
342:atolls
310:
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280:
253:
217:
166:1°42′N
2365:Reefs
2282:Orona
2267:Manra
2197:Makin
2187:Kuria
1885:(PDF)
1874:(PDF)
1849:(PDF)
1838:(PDF)
1813:(PDF)
1806:(PDF)
1768:(PDF)
1757:(PDF)
1632:(PDF)
1498:Tonga
1425:8,813
895:5,115
830:2,539
824:33.73
765:1,155
576:Atoll
513:Marae
494:Copra
387:—are
358:coral
2177:Beru
2075:2006
2049:2017
2016:2006
1985:2006
1954:2006
1923:2012
1893:2015
1857:2015
1821:2012
1776:2015
1740:2012
1673:ISBN
1655:2022
1614:2021
1581:2022
1359:0.01
1293:0.24
1230:3.76
1158:16.2
1026:39.3
759:9.55
623:0.01
602:Land
584:Reef
496:and
453:The
365:reef
352:and
320:The
230:None
202:Area
1644:doi
1356:3.2
1233:6.3
1147:EEZ
1098:1.5
827:110
690:3.9
507:Map
328:or
2412::
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2006:.
2002:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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