Libertas Schulze-Boysen

1230:"Would I otherwise write to you if I did not assume that you have not lost the ability and courage to follow the compulsion of conscience where it comes into conflict with such an obviously bestial "duty" as the ordered assassination of the Soviet population? In the state hospital in I recently visited some police comrades who had been brought in from the East because of nervous breakdowns, all of them. You know the hospital atmosphere, this special kind of peace, the room was also enlivened with flowers, the sick were allowed to listen to music, and this ridiculously simple requiem of emotional healing was joined by, almost novelistic, literally, a few rays of sunshine. By the way, there is a department there about which my comrades told me with almost shy relief that the even worse nervous breakdowns were there: the powerful police officers from the past just keep moving along hopping, like kangaroos, you know, and others crawl on all fours, shaking carefully as they do so their heads, their hair falls disheveled over their faces, and their gaze is, someone repeated imploringly, “like a St. Bernard dog". I experienced many terrible things from my comrades; the calm in the room was deceptive, the furies were raging in it. In whispers, with eyes wide open and hoping for a word of redeeming justification from me, I was told about mass shootings of the civilian population in Russia, selected atrocities, about blood and tears without measure, the ultimate character of the beastly SS orders, the incomprehensible equanimity of helpless victims, yes, and of course there was a lot about the partisan struggle, which interested me immensely politically and tactically. Of course, I didn't say a word of consolation to any of the sick people that would have been of help to them in the horror-tormented twilight hours of their evenings, which made them all the more eager to reveal their deeds. Should I of all people give a kind of absolution to someone who subsequently, albeit in agony confess that he shot 50 people morning after morning on orders, so to speak, as a daily routine for months" 1144:("The Concern for Germany's Future Goes Through the People!"). Co-authored by Rittmeister, the master copy was arranged by Van Beek, and the pamphlet was written up by Terwiel on her typewriter. One copy survives today. The pamphlet posited the idea of active defeatism, which was a compromise between principled pacifism and practical political resistance. It stated the future for Germany lay in establishing a socialist state that would form alliances with the USSR and progressive forces in Europe. It also offered advice to the individual resistor: "do the opposite of what is asked of you". The group produced hundreds of pamphlets that were spread over Berlin, left in phone boxes, in eating establishments and sent to selected addresses, for example universities. Producing the leaflets required a small army of people and a complex approach to organisation to avoid being discovered. 203: 992:

event of war. Harnack refused to be contacted in that manner and agreed only to collect and encipher the material in his own apartment, but the transmission would take place somewhere else. Instead Adam Kuckhoff would be the radio contact. In June 1941, with Harnack's approval, Korotkov delivered a wireless transmitter to Greta Kuckhoff during a meeting at an underground railway station. However the radio was damaged by Erdberg before delivery. Adam Kuckhoff arranged with Harnack to return the damaged radio back to Erdberg. A Luftwaffe report consisting of the Russian city names and their railway stations that were to be bombed during the initial attack of

1216:. At a party at the Engelsings and in an open conversation, she suggested that Spoerl become her assistant at the KulturfilmZentrale, to help her organise the pictures into an archive. However, the number of pictures in envelopes continued to increase. Schulze-Boysen decided to answer some of the letters she received, in an effort to collect more details for after the war. In one photograph she archives, it contains an image of a little girl next to her older brother, mother and a baby. All of them are to be shot. In another letter she received, a soldier spoke in lyrical terms of certain insects that he loved and could not harm, one was the 544:, to warn him, to show him, that there would be war. However, James did not want to hear. Instead the couple showed James the anti-Jewish notices in the shops but what is so obvious to them, that the Nazi consolidation of power will lead to war, was not so obvious to James. At the time Harro was dumbfounded at James' attitude but gradually realised that his position in the Air Ministry could give him access to valuable information but to access the most valuable and sensitive information, he would need to rise in the ranks. They decided to invite Göring to the Liebenberg estate, to hunt deer, on 6 September 1936. Göring's country estate of 171:. As an aristocrat, Schulze-Boysen had contact with many different people in different strata of German society. Starting in 1935, she utilized her position to recruit left-leaning Germans into discussion groups which she hosted at her and Harro's apartment, where they sought to influence her guests. Through these discussions, resistance to the Nazi regime grew, and by 1936, she and Harro began to actively resist the Nazis. During the early 1940s, whilst working as a censor for the German Documentary Film Institute, Schulze-Boysen began to document atrocities committed by the Nazis from photographs of war crimes forwarded by soldiers of the 930:, a confidential newsletter from the ministry that described various directives as to what could be published and the particular theme the Nazi Party wanted to see in use. Libs decided to cooperate in order to express herself and maintain influence. To bypass the censors, she varied her tone, for films she liked, she would often write extravagantly, or in the form of a love letter. In other films that did not find favour, she would write in a strict and formal manner. Originally a temporary position, it became permanent in the summer of 1941, but she became unsettled and decided to leave to try to achieve a film career. Her last article 1290: 194:. Schulze-Boysen was fully aware of her husband's espionage activities and became one of his most active agents, working as a courier, a writer of seditious pamphlets and a recruiter for the group. When Harro was not present she deputised as the groups leader. When her husband was arrested in August 1942 by the Gestapo, she made a valiant attempt to destroy evidence of their work and warn other members of the group, but it was to no avail. Schule-Boysen was arrested in September 1942, a month after her husband Harro, and both were executed on the same day in Plötzensee Prison. 1472: 1490: 704:

apartment at 2 Waitzstraße was searched by the Gestapo but nothing was found as the couple had spent several days feverishly clearing the place of any evidence of wrongdoing. After Harro was cleared by the Air Ministry, their plans to flee to Amsterdam, where Johannes Haas-Heye was stationed, were abandoned. As the year progressed Libertas and Weisenborn relationship blossomed and eventually consummated in an open affair. In the same month, they collaborated in writing a play

626: 381: 1358:, her life would be safe. Libertas decided to confide in Breiter and talked with her more than a dozen times. In the course of their furtive conversations, Libertas told Breiter what she knew of the other prisoners, asked Breiter to deliver letters to her mother and asked for additional favours, primarily in the form of a typewriter to write poetry. In the three months Libertas was in prison, she wrote a number of remarkable letters and poems to her mother and friends. 979:. While there she was surrounded by her friends but was deeply unhappy over the affair. Their arguments led her friend Ingeborg, who viewed the marriage as being in a critical state, to see them less and less as the summer progressed. In April 1941, Schulze-Boysen gave up the idea of turning her ship journal into a novel. This was a result of a shortage of paper, and the fact that novels were no longer published unless for propaganda purposes. 1045:(Art, German Land and People, Peoples and Countries) and was appointed on 1 November 1941. In the position she acted as a censor, reviewing film scripts to determine if they adhered to Nazi Party ideology. Those that did not she would reject; filmmakers who she found to be trying to be innovative were passed. On her first day at work, she found her desk piled high with envelopes filled with photographs containing images of the work of the 1161:

tell. In early 1942, Van Beek and Strelow realised the terrible danger they were in, and began to withdraw from the group and their resistance activities. In the spring of 1942, Schulze-Boysen confided in Günther Weisenborn that for five years she had worked to resist the Nazis on behalf of Harro, but she found that she could not face the fear any longer. She yearned simply to live, in love and peace.

1153: 448:. On 18 July 1935, she completed her six months of voluntary service, she returned to work at MGM. Her lack of enthusiasm for her voluntary service was such that she decided to write a book that was brutally honest, that described the daily fight for assertion, the status of women in the community and the fight for ideals. She submitted the manuscript to the writer 33: 1402:, helping the enemy and espionage. Her husband was charged with preparation to commit high treason, wartime treason, military sabotage and espionage. The trial ended on 19 December 1942 with death sentences for both her husband and her. Libertas Schulze-Boysen was executed by guillotine about 90 minutes after her husband on 22 December 1942 at 806:

party at the Engelsings, who were close friends of the Schulze-Boysens, was the ideal way to gauge the political stance of the Kuckhoff's. The Kuckhoffs were impressed by the Schulze-Boysens and shared the same political views. Libertas and Greta Kuckhoff became close friends. In 1939, Kuckhoff's decided that their close friends, the

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economic perspectives of the time but were considered rather austere compared to Libertas and Shulze-Boysen's fun filled nights of music and dancing.The initial meeting of the women gave rise to a licentious image of the group that persisted for decades after the war, based primarily on Gestapo and Abwehr reports. In his 1967 book,

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submitted a confidential report upon his return, that detailed the description and the constitution of the crafts in the bays. At the time, Libertas was unprepared for the fact that Harro spent more time looking at the military installations and the ships in the harbour than at her. Schulze-Boysen considered herself a

349:. The position consisted of writing reviews to inform the media and public about new cinematic releases. During the spring of 1933, the film studio had sacked all its Jewish employees, leaving it short-staffed and making openings for non-Jewish workers. Initially, Libertas worked on press copy for the American films 1265:, the cipher bureaux of the Funkabwehr, to decipher Red Orchestra message traffic. The unit had been tracking Red Orchestra radio transmissions since June 1941 and had located Wenzel's house in Brussels. When it was raided by the Gestapo it was found to contain a large number of coded messages. When 703:

who had been friends with Harro since 1932. in what was their first illegal meeting that was attended by Kuchenmeister and Schumacher. On 12 January 1938, Weisenborn was introduced to Libertas. In February 1938, the Schulze-Boysens learnt that von Pöllnitz had been arrested the month before. Their

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On 31 August 1942, Harro Schulze-Boysen was arrested in his office in the Ministry of Aviation. Libertas had received a puzzling phone call from his office several days before. She was also warned by the women who delivered her mail that the Gestapo were monitoring it. Libertas's assistant Alexander

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and his wife Ingeborg at their house in Bettinstraße in Grunewald. The free exchange of ideas and opinion was expected. Herbert Engelsing was planning to produce a film on Adam's book, "Der Deutsche von Bayencourt (The German from Bayencourt) that had been published in 1937 and became prominent. The

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for a production of a radio play that was broadcast on 3 March 1939. On 9 November, the couple went on a 2-day holiday together to Venice Italy, the first time the couple had been together for months, that was due to the demanding need for overtime at the Air Ministry. When the couple returned they

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had to be manually transcribed to Erdberg, instead of being transmitted. Greta Kuckhoff was unable to accurately remember the place names written in the Cyrillic alphabet, so instead Libertas along with Adam Kuckhoff met Erdberg in the Potsdamer Platz station to manually whisper the list of cities

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In April 1941, in an attempt to increase the influx of intelligence, the Soviets ordered Korotkov to create a Berlin espionage operation and Harnack was asked by Korotkov to run it. Korotkov was instructed by Soviet intelligence to provide a person in Berlin that could be contacted via radio in the

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In March 1941, Harro met with Korotkov directly in Harnack's apartment and he agreed to provide military information to Korotkov. Korotkov asked Schulze-Boysen to curtail his resistance activities, he replied as a German patriot he wished to create a "counterpublic" to the Nazis and his resistance

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would allow it. Rowohlt wanted to publish it for precisely for that reason. Libertas intended to submit the manuscript for review to the Reich Labour Service, but whether that actually happened, is unknown. Salomon heard nothing further on that point. The nature of her work at MGM—the tedious cycle

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states that Mildred and Libertas were lesbians, quoted from an unnamed source. However, industrialist Hugo Buschmann, who was an informant and couples close friend, stated that the group lived dangerously, but there was no evidence for Perrault's conclusion Certainly Libertas and Mildred were good

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When the Gestapo informed her of Breiter's betrayal, Libertas was overwhelmed with remorse, stating in a letter to her mother, "I had to drink the bitter cup for now I learn that the person whom I had given my complete trust Gertrude Breiter had betrayed me." Her mother believed that Libertas had

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in Sweden, where Harro was introduced to Libertas's Swedish relatives, her sister Ottora and her sister's husband Count Douglas. Harro was on duty during the short honeymoon that the couple took between 27 July and 9 August 1936. He had arranged a language study trip from his employer and he had

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The couple spent Christmas holidays 1941 apart with Libertas spending Christmas in Liebenberg Castle with her cousin Ingeborg von Schoenebeck, who had a strong dislike of Harro and tried to convince Libertas that she should divorce. By 1942, the unrelenting stress of the resistance work began to

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who used the alias Alexander Erdberg and had already told Erdberg on 26 September 1940, that Germany was in the planning stages of an invasion of the Soviet Union. By the end of that first meeting, both Schulze-Boysen and Kuckhoff had agreed to be informants to Harnack. From that point forward,

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galvanised the inner circle of the group in their discussions. Kurt Schumacher demanded that action should be taken and a plan, that took advantage of Harro's position at the ministry was formed. In February 1937, Harro compiled a short information document about a sabotage enterprise planned in

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was brought back to Berlin where he was asked by the Gestapo on 22 November 1942 to identify the name of a woman in a picture. He identified her immediately as Libertas Schulze-Boysen. This provided definitive proof to the investigators that she was actively involved in the work of her husband.

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who believed in providing a religious foundation for their children. Despite her upbringing, Libertas never became overtly religious, although many of her early poems and later letters show Christian roots. Her sister was Countess Ottora Maria Douglas-Reimer (1910 -2001), who married Count Carl

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while on an assignement at the Leipzig Trade Fair and became friends. Van Beek was an ardent anti-Nazi and agreed to collaborate with her, by helping her write up the Nazi crimes in her archive. In the autumn of 1941, Cato rented two rooms from Schulze-Boyson that were part of her very large

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should be introduced to the Schulze-Boysens. Greta decided that it would be the women who should meet first and in late 1939, brought Mildred and Libertas together while on holiday in Saxony. The Harnak's also held group meetings with a preplanned agenda, where they debated the political and

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Harro was in the habit of bringing his work friends from Der Gegner together with his other friends and colleagues for social evenings in his apartment, during which they discussed philosophical and political questions of the day. To protect themselves from persecution, the couple surrounded

1041:(German Documentary Film Institute) whose purpose was to organise the production of ten to twenty minute long cultural films, that were to be shown in German film theatres, before the start of the main film, for the purpose of propaganda Libertas applied for a position in the department of 1009:, specifically Hochverrat or "High Treason" and punishable by death, but could do little to change it. Karbe was never part of the resistance and he believed that Libertas has little understanding of the danger they were currently in. In the same month, Karbe put the couple in touch with 971:. At the beginning of 1941 (sources vary) Harro had begun an affair with Stella Mahlberg, a stage actress. Harro informed Libertas of the affair. As they had an open marriage they promised when they married not to deceive each other. In January 1941, Schulze-Boysen attended the wedding of 958:

apartment at Wilhelmshöher Allee 19 in Friedenau. At the meeting of the new combined political faction, Schulze-Boysen, Harnack and Kuckhoff discussed the current situation openly and what they could do to further resistance. Harnack tells the group that he was introduced to Soviet agent

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began caring for her cousin, ensuring she was able to attend a sanatorium first in Sommerfeld in the Brandenberg sands and then later in Switzerland. The Gestapo visited and searched their apartment as they were associates of von Pöllnitz. The visits along with von Pöllnitz's illness led

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Through 1941 and 1942, Schulze-Boysen continued working with the Deutsche KulturfilmZentrale. In January 1942, she wrote to her mother-in-law Marie Louise, where she described the work, which she completes at home and spoke of how it made her deeply unhappy and melancholic. In May 1942,

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with the actor Stella Mahlberg with whom he had been having an affair since April 1941. She immediately demanded a divorce stating she would seek legal advice from Herbert Engelsing but Harro convinced her to stay, informing her that they knew too much about the resistance effort. Harro

660:. The information that Schulze-Boysen collected included details about German transports, deployment of units and companies involved in the German defence. The group around Schulze-Boysen did not know how to deliver the information, but discovered that Schulze-Boysen's cousin, 881:

led to the group meeting less often due to the difficulty of walking home in the darkness. Schulze-Boysen arranged to drive their friends home for her apartment, although it involved a considerable risk to herself of being followed. In early 1940, the group was joined by

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and spoke about her difficulties. Mann recorded the meeting in his diary. When Libertas returned in August, she worked with Weisenborn to arrange the premier of the play at a theatre in Bremen in November 1938, that was delated but finally held on 1 March 1939 at the

552:, who reported the Harro Schulze-Boysen was considered unreliable due to his political involvements before 1933. Göring replied that the "...old things should be left alone" and that Harro should be sent on a pilots course, enabling his career advancement. 1108:

and convinced Schulze-Boysen that the reports should be shared with the German people, which would destroy the myth of German propaganda. The group decide to write a series of reports known as "AGIS", a name chosen by Libertas who named in reference to the

1005:. This led Karbe to describe the consequences of their actions should they be discovered, which made Libertas scream. At the time. the daily fear of discovery was palpable and made the days run slow. They knew that the groups actions were considered 162:

against the Nazis. From the early 1930s to 1940, Schulze-Boysen attempted to build a literary career, first as a press officer and later as a writer and journalist. Initially sympathetic to the Nazis, she changed her mind after meeting and marrying

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and Libertas destroyed her meticulously collected archive. At home, she packed a suitcase with all Harro Schulze-Boysen's papers and then tried to fabricate evidence of loyalty to the Nazi state by writing fake letters. She sent the suitcase to

540:, compiled from situation reports his office received, so he could get them published by the BBC. However James refused, stating the source would be too easy to identify. Instead, Libertas translated the bombastic words from the first page of 283:

In 1921, when Libertas was eight years old, her parents divorced (unusual at the time) and her grandfather died. Libertas spent part of her childhood at Eulenburg's country estate, Liebenberg Castle (near Berlin). She was taught initially by a

1281:, received the ciphers from Wenzel, he was able to decipher some of the older messages. On 15 July 1942, Vauck managed to decrypt a message dated 10 October 1941that gave the locations of the Kuckhoff's and the Schulze-Boysen's apartments. 468:("Will to Empire") as an editor and translator. The magazine dealt with cultural and political issues, but with the goal of undermining the Nazi movement with the magazine's own themes. In August 1935, Harro was given permission by the 672:. Unfortunately the Gestapo were watching the location and she was arrested. The couple, fearing instant retribution from the Gestapo, decided to leave Berlin for several weeks. On 27 September 1937, Harro left for a treatment for 575:

During 1937, they held their first public picnic evenings and held further meetings every other week on Thursday nights. Their first picnic evening of the year was held on 21 January 1937. Among the 30 odd guests were

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and his capture by the Gestapo on 29–30 June 1942 eventually exposed the group and led to the arrest of the Schulze-Boyzen's. Wenzel decided to cooperate after he was tortured. His exposure of the radio codes enabled

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In August 1941, during a dinner party that Karbe and his wife held with the Schule-Boysens, he described how Libertas had blurted out the fact they were in the resistance, while they were discussing Harro working for

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On the same day Libertas returned to an empty apartment after a short business trip and called Harro's secretary to try and locate him. She suspected that Schulze-Boysen was arrested and contacted the Engelsings.

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had ordered the collection of photographs from the front so they can be used by Libertas to define themes for new cultural films. As part of her job, she had to continue requesting pictures from soldiers on leave.

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in April 1933. He was badly beaten and lost half his ear, and was only released due to the influence of his mother. Besides the mutilation of his ear, the attack left Harro with damaged kidneys. His Jewish friend

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at a girls' finishing school in Zurich, followed by a 9-month stay in Ireland and the United Kingdom. After returning in January 1933, Schulze-Boysen attended a Nazi torchlight procession that marched past the

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In prison, Libertas met Gertrude Breiter, the secretary for Libertas's interrogator, Kommissar Alfred Göpfert. Libertas believed that Breiter was hostile to her superiors, seeing her more as a friend than an

299:) supervised her during a summer in Switzerland in 1924, where Libertas learned to draw. Between 1926 and 1932, Schulze-Boysen was sent to be educated at boarding schools in Paris, London and Switzerland. 4825: 964:

their combined undercover political faction, developed from a resistance organisation into an espionage network, from a small cadre of close friends, that began to collaborate with Soviet intelligence.

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machine. Kurt Schumacher took several copies when he returned to his unit in Poznan and the group hoped for a snowball effect in its distribution, to see the letter pass up the chain of command.

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During Easter in 1936, the couple were engaged and lived together for a year before getting married on 26 July 1936. The wedding took place in the chapel of Liebenberg Castle under a painting of

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led a group to commit an arson attack on the exhibition. While the arson attack was not reported, 500 Berlin based Jewish men were rounded up and deported to concenctration camps in a reprisal.

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On 8 September, while on a train to visit friends in the Moselle Valley, Libertas was arrested. She was taken to the basement cells (German:Hausgefängnis) in the most dreaded address in all of

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In the same month, Schulze-Boysen was informed that her cousin, Gisela von Pöllnitz, had died on 14 September 1939 in a Swiss sanatorium. In the following month, Harro fell ill with

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difficult. After sex, his urine would turn red. Libertas realised the marriage was in trouble and influenced by the views of her husband, returned her Nazi membership booklet.

3823: 1038: 597: 5423: 5180: 4811: 5433: 218:(1879–1959), couturier to the aristocracy, and her mother was noted pianist, Countess Viktoria Ada Astrid Agnes zu Eulenburg (1886–1967). Libertas's parents married in 4545:(13 August 1936). Schulze-Boysen: Bericht über Sprachstudienreise nach Schweden vom 13 August 1936 [Report on language study trip to Sweden] (Report). Munich: 1448:

on the life of Libertas and the joint resistance within the Red Orchestra against Nazism has been on display here – documented with photographs and extensive writings.

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that was held in Paris from 25 May to 25 November 1937. In November, Pöllnitz fulfilled her mission and placed the letter in the mailbox of the Soviet Embassy on the

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was next to Liebenberg Castle. In essence it was a charm offensive, led by Libertas, to get Harro noticed. Libertas was successful as Göring made an enquiry to

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By 1940, the couple came into contact with other Berlin-based anti-fascist resistance groups and collaborated with them. The most important of these was run by

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Schulze-Boysen to suffer from a general malaise that caused her to flee to Zurich, a city she felt safe in. On 6 August 1938, she was introduced to the author

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tried to contact Kuckhoff without result. Libertas and Spoerl both started to panic and frantically tried to warn others. They destroyed the darkroom at the

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For a long while Schulze-Boysen did not know how to react to the material as it was so shocking. She decided to start gathering pictorial evidence of

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In the spring of 1936, Schulze-Boysen applied to leave the Nazi party by submitting a resignation request to the Reichsleitung der NSDAP in Munich.

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during the Spanish Civil War. The unit also directed the German relief operations that consisted of volunteers, weapons and ammunition for General

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Schulze-Boysen, Harro; Rittmeister, John; van Beek, Cato Bontjes; Terwiel, Maria; Schulze-Boysen, Libertas; Küchenmeister, Walter (6 March 1942).

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In August 1936, the journalist Evan James, an English friend of Libertas's from her 1933 stay in England, lodged with the couple to report on the

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to Erdberg, repeating the names to Erdberg so he would remember them while they walked back and forward along the station, over several hours.

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group became an espionage network that supplied military and economic intelligence to the Soviet Union. That organisation became known as the

361:, both of which were immediate successes. In May 1933, when the studio started to feel the effects of Nazi censorship, it was forced to drop 1444:

The Libertas Chapel in Liebenberg Castle, where she married her husband Harro, is dedicated to her. Since 2004, a special exhibition by the

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In December 1940, Harro was put on a war footing in preparation for the invasaion of the Soviet Union, moving to a barracks in a forest in

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operation the Abwehr ran against the Red Orchestra radio operators for providing the necessary clues to identify the resistance members.

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In October 1940, Greta and Libertas finanlly managed to convince Harro Schulze-Boysen to meet with Arvid Harnack. A meeting was held in

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in the vain hope that it could be hidden, and he tried to contact Harro Schulze-Boysen in vain. On the same day, she was informed by

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stated that in early 1940, they discussed the opening of concentration camps in Poland and the military supply organisation known as

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and included a photograph of him about to hurl a small baby against the wall. Libertas along with Adam Kuckhoff and the journalist

272:. Eulenburg and William II were allegedly lovers. This allegation was published as a series of articles by influential journalist 5418: 898:. In the spring of 1940, Harro began to study foreign policy at the newly opened Institute of International Studies, part of the 681: 4116: 5428: 4695: 4657: 4511: 4465: 4397: 4376: 4324: 4282: 4263: 4244: 4225: 4157: 4129: 4021: 4000: 3907: 1522: 469: 4293: 1354:

Breiter told Libertas that Göpfert did not have any serious evidence against her and due to her family connections with

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Schulze-Boysen continued the affair until August 1942. Libertas found the lack of emotional support highly distressing.

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In July 1938, von Pöllnitz was released from prison and was seriously ill with a tuberculosis infection. Libertas and

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In 1922, she began attending a school in Berlin while living with her father, who headed the fashion department of the

3735:. Nazi "field" verdict sentencing the Schulze-Boysens and other members of the Red Orchestra. Retrieved 13 April 2010 899: 758:

and fortune-teller. Through Krauss, Libertas met Toni Graudenz, a neighbour and they became friends. Her husband was

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themselves with a group of politically incorruptible friends who were left-leaning anti-fascists, among them artists,

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Jörg Echternkamp; Zentrum für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr (Potsdam, Allemagne) (1990).

4097: 1445: 1343: 870:. The couple spent their Christmas in 1939 apart. The stress of the war, combined with Harro's illness, the start of 202: 242:(b. 1943), an artist, and their youngest son, Carl Philipp Morton, a civil engineer. Libertas's older brother, 4985: 960: 5438: 4444: 4074: 1527: 265: 4368:

The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936–1945

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publishing house for review. Salomon believed it was good enough to publish, but had doubts as to whether the

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and the double life they led, lead to what Shulze-Boysen considered the most desolate period in her life.

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In May of the same year, Schulze-Boysen moved to Berlin after being hired by the motion picture company

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use some of the letters material to write a fictional letter to fictional police captain that stated:

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friends. Other friends who joined their parties and who became staunch anti-Nazis, included the actor

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noble family. She was the youngest of the eight children of the Prussian diplomat and composer Prince

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Tell everyone, everyone about me!' – The beautiful, short life of Libertas Schulze-Boysen, 1913–1942

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Geyken, Frauke (2015). "Etwas Furchtbares wird passieren" [Something terrible will happen].

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including Rittmeister's wife, Eva, who became part of the espionage group. This included the lawyer

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betrayed a number of the Schulze-Boysen/Harnack group. However, in an unpublished interview with

922:. The task was difficult as she could not write freely or criticize, as the paper was censored by 94: 4900: 4389:

Red Orchestra: The Story of the Berlin Underground and the Circle of Friends Who Resisted Hitler

4256:

The Cambridge History of the Second World War: Volume 3, Total War: Economy, Society and Culture

4047: 855:, the writer Günther Weisenborn, the dancer and sculptor Oda Schottmüller as well as the actor 852: 585: 400:(English: "The Opponent") between 1932 and 1933. It was closed down when he was arrested by the 3801: 1610: 1367: 1338:

headquarters at 8 Prinz-Albert-Straße (Prince Albert street) containing department AMT IV, the

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From July 1940 to 13 November 1941, Libertas wrote film reviews for the culture section of the

642:. The information was from "Special Staff W", an organisation established by Luftwaffe general 325: 4925: 4647: 4455: 4168: 3897: 661: 577: 549: 5241: 5050: 4865: 4491:(Thesis). Faculty of Arts Department of German, Nordic and Dutch Studies, Masaryk University. 1017: 807: 559:. At the same time, their marriage ran into trouble. Due to pain in Harro's kidneys and the 367: 317: 248: 224: 215: 4890: 1320: 1168:

film company. While she was away, the group protested the Nazi propaganda exhibition called

972: 700: 5413: 5408: 5025: 4895: 4880: 4875: 4850: 4542: 3973: 1289: 993: 867: 844: 750:. At the end of 1938, looking to determine her fortune, Schulze-Boysen became a client of 673: 589: 533: 457: 433: 389: 276:

in the Berlin newspapers between 1907 and 1909. It ran so long that it became known as the

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Ludvig Douglas (1908 - 1961), a Swedish diplomat. The couple had four children: Count

168: 124: 5236: 3765: 1403: 596:

who also attended. Among the other guests were Heinrich Karbe, a journalist for the Essen

424:

In October 1934, the couple moved in together to an apartment in Hohenzollerndamm, in the

148: 79: 8: 5367: 4173:. Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg. Vol. 9. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3899:

Oda Schottmüller: Die Tänzerin, Bildhauerin und Nazigegnerin Oda Schottmüller (1905–1943)

1421: 1395: 1371: 1274: 1253: 1207: 1169: 342: 38: 32: 5311: 4930: 1117:, who was a social reformer who fought against corruption. Rittmeister, Schulze-Boysen, 935: 785:. She was immediately arrested, but refused to say anything and was permitted to leave. 477: 5326: 5175: 5030: 3976:(in German). Märkische Verlags- und Druckgesellschaft mbH Potsdam. Märkische Allgemeine 3953: 3945: 878: 836: 781:. While there, she photographed a ship laden with Jewish passengers desperate to reach 564: 489: 351: 5377: 5336: 5195: 4955: 4770: 4760: 4732: 4722: 4701: 4691: 4653: 4632: 4611: 4601: 4507: 4461: 4440: 4419: 4393: 4387: 4372: 4353: 4343: 4320: 4278: 4259: 4240: 4221: 4204: 4174: 4153: 4125: 4103: 4093: 4070: 4064: 4017: 3996: 3990: 3957: 3903: 3865: 3256: 1351: 1311: 1178:

Permanent Exhibition, The Nazi Paradise, War, Hunger, Lies, Gestapo, How much longer?

895: 802: 742: 657: 634: 614: 537: 473: 449: 362: 313: 273: 4553: 4147: 4124:. Berlin: Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand Berlinauf Schloss & Gut Liebenberg. 1619: 1355: 1002: 765:

In April 1939, the couple moved into their new apartment at Altenburger Allee 19 in

508: 476:

in Geneva, and Libertas accompanied him. On the way home, the couple stopped at the

393: 4980: 4915: 4434: 3937: 1496: 1382: 1097: 1070: 1046: 770: 669: 653: 536:. At the time, Harro wanted to give James the details on prisoner numbers from the 172: 4366: 1262: 1061:, in anticipation of using them after the war to show the extent of the genocide. 5387: 5266: 5226: 5221: 5095: 4970: 4920: 4595: 4497: 4011: 3244: 1213: 1074: 1058: 1050: 923: 860: 840: 827: 811: 643: 485: 346: 238:(1938–2023), a stockbroker, Princess Elisabeth Christina Douglas (b. 1940), 762:. Schulze-Boysen introduced both Krauss and Graudenz into the resistance group. 5251: 5145: 5100: 5035: 4950: 1324: 1164:

On 16 May 1942, she visited Vienna for four days to conduct a meeting with the

1081: 976: 955: 856: 798: 766: 738: 556: 453: 401: 235: 210:

Libertas Schulze-Boysen was the youngest of three children. Her father was the

5316: 4615: 4483: 4416:

The Bohemians : the lovers who led Germany's resistance against the Nazis

3949: 3925: 1471: 5402: 5331: 5291: 5246: 5216: 5190: 5120: 5065: 5045: 5010: 4975: 4910: 4905: 4860: 4705: 4357: 4208: 4107: 4086:

Harro Schulze-Boysen, Wege in den Widerstand : eine biographische Studie

1512: 1489: 1299: 1266: 1249: 1118: 1101: 1093: 1089: 1022: 951: 939: 891: 848: 832: 818: 794: 778: 759: 747: 728: 677: 647: 610: 581: 521: 179: 5372: 4774: 4736: 4625:

Cato Bontjes van Beek - "Ich habe nicht um mein Leben gebettelt" ein Porträt

1085: 5351: 5301: 5281: 5060: 5040: 5015: 5005: 5000: 4835: 4457:

Against All Odds: Models of Subversive Spaces in National Socialist Germany

1477: 1453: 1399: 1363: 1181: 1140:

By 15 February 1942, Schulze-Boysen had written a six-page pamphlet titled

755: 721: 625: 396:. Harro Schulze-Boysen had been the publisher of the left-liberal magazine 373: 357: 83: 1212:

who held similar political views. Spoerl was the son of the German author

555:

On 1 October 1936, the couple moved into an apartment at 2 Waitzstraße in

380: 5321: 5261: 5170: 4995: 4935: 4298: 1438: 1010: 1006: 751: 733: 713: 425: 230: 4759:. Ergebnisse, 33. (in German) (1st ed.). Hamburg: Ergebnisse-Verl. 4527: 3262: 1156:

Adhesive stickers that were posted on top of The Soviet Paradise posters

464:

Starting in July 1935, Schulze-Boysen began working on Harro's magazine

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apartment at 2 Waitzstrasse. Van Beek's lover, the journalist and poet

541: 504: 321: 211: 155: 4833: 1398:("Reich Court Martial"). She was charged with "preparation" to commit 1180:

that were pasted up in several German neighbourhoods. On 18 May 1942,

324:

with member number 1 551 344, in March 1933, and at the same time the

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SS-Major Horst Kopkow : from the Gestapo to British intelligence

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In September 1939, the Schulze-Boysens met the writer and playwright

693: 689: 680:, while Libertas arranged a sea trip via a friend, on the cargo ship 639: 545: 517: 512: 418: 285: 164: 4573: 4275:

Communitarian Third Way: Alexandre Marc and Ordre Nouveau, 1930-2000

3250: 2693: 2691: 2666: 2664: 1306:. On 7 September 1942, the Harnacks were arrested while on holiday. 666:

Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne

256:

Her mother was known as "Thora"—spelled "Tora"—and came from an old

4757:

Die Rote Kapelle : "Landesverrat" als antifaschist. Widerstand

3941: 2521: 2327: 2325: 2201: 2199: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2085: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2034: 2032: 2004: 2002: 1722: 1720: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1664: 1374:, stated that Libertas never betrayed anybody. Roeder credited the 560: 414: 229:

on 13 May 1909 and lived for a time in London and Paris. They were

3824:"Sonderausstellung – Libertas Schulze-Boysen und die Rote Kapelle" 3711: 3675: 3651: 3612: 3447: 3435: 3420: 3393: 3352: 3304: 3149: 3101: 3084: 3033: 2880: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1543: 409:, who was arrested at the same time, did not survive the beating. 4690:]. Film & Schrift, Bd. 7. Munich: Edition text + kritik. 4315:

Juchler, Ingo; Ambauen, Ladina; Arnold, Maren (25 October 2017).

3234: 3232: 3230: 2868: 2814: 2790: 2688: 2661: 2572: 2274: 2143: 1339: 1248:

The discovery of the illegal radio transmissions by Soviet agent

1135:

Appeal to All Callings and Organisations to resist the government

1114: 968: 942:. Both were her and Harro's friends and both resisted the Nazis. 907: 815: 481: 445: 257: 152: 3696:, pp. 378, 382, 385, 389, 390, 391, 393, 395, 397, 407–412. 2322: 2298: 2262: 2196: 2184: 2172: 2126: 2061: 2044: 2029: 1999: 1885: 1789: 1758: 1756: 1717: 1688: 4090:

Harro Schulze-Boysen, Paths to Resistance: a biographical study

1620:

Libertas Schulze-Boysen & Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand

1540: 1495:

Memorial plaque for the couple at Haus Altenburger Allee 19 in

1303: 1278: 1110: 1084:("Berliner Städtische Abendgymnasium für Erwachsene") (BAG) in 1013:, a fortune-teller, who became an important part of the group. 782: 774: 511:

giving away the bride. For their honeymoon, the couple visited

429: 308: 191: 4414:

Ohler, Norman; Mohr, Tim; Yarbrough, Marshall (14 July 2020).

3474: 3227: 3113: 2997: 1152: 1121:, and Küchenmeister among others, wrote them with titles like 741:. At the same time, Schulze-Boysen had signed a contract with 3410: 3408: 3381: 3342: 3340: 3338: 2987: 2985: 2972: 2970: 2649: 2596: 2465: 2378: 2366: 2310: 1987: 1753: 938:, to the general public and her successor as film critic was 472:(Luftfahrtministerium) to attend a series of lectures on the 4715:

Harro Schulze-Boysen : das Bild eines Freiheitskämpfers

4218:

Wir standen nicht abseits: Frauen im Widerstand gegen Hitler

4203:(5). Leinfelden-Echterdingen: Konradin Mediengruppe: 72–76. 4066:

Psychotherapy in the Third Reich : the Göring Institute

3866:"Stolpersteine in Liebenberg – Unsichtbares sichtbar machen" 2846: 2844: 2831: 2829: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2708: 2706: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2511: 2509: 2419: 2417: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2252: 2250: 2019: 2017: 1929: 1927: 1914: 1912: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1830: 1828: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1559: 1069:

In December 1941, the Schulze-Boysens met the psychoanalyst

773:. In the summer of 1939, Schulze-Boysen visited the town of 4750:(in German). Neue Deutsche Biographie 23. pp. 730–731. 3072: 1588: 1586: 4719:

Harro Schulze-Boysen : the image of a freedom fighter

3600: 3571: 3486: 3462: 3405: 3335: 3292: 3203: 3179: 3137: 3125: 3009: 2982: 2967: 2955: 2907: 1939: 1630: 1628: 461:

of film promotion and censor work—made Libertas restless.

3641: 3639: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3561: 3559: 3546: 3544: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3169: 3167: 2856: 2841: 2826: 2754: 2735: 2718: 2703: 2637: 2625: 2608: 2584: 2560: 2506: 2453: 2429: 2414: 2402: 2354: 2337: 2286: 2247: 2235: 2223: 2097: 2014: 1975: 1963: 1924: 1909: 1873: 1840: 1825: 1801: 1732: 1370:, the advocate who prosecuted the Schulze-Boysens in the 906:

for a doctorate, in an attempt to attain the position of

646:

to study and analyse the tactical lessons learned by the

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Resisting Hitler: Mildred Harnack and the Red Orchestra

3992:

Resisting Hitler: Mildred Harnack and the Red Orchestra

3529: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 2943: 2548: 1813: 1705: 1625: 1598: 1077:. Through Rittmeister, several people who attended the 3699: 3663: 3636: 3624: 3583: 3556: 3541: 3369: 3316: 3280: 3164: 2931: 2919: 2895: 2778: 1951: 1897: 1640: 1441:

in 1972, a street was named after the Schulze-Boysens.

1142:

Die Sorge Um Deutschlands Zukunft geht durch das Volk!

432:. On 15 January 1935, Schulze-Boysen left to join the 4531:

Die Sorge um Deutschlands Zukunft geht durch das Volk

4371:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. 4237:

The Secret War: Spies, Codes and Guerrillas 1939–1945

3191: 3060: 2802: 2766: 2533: 2489: 2477: 2441: 2390: 2211: 2155: 1768: 1676: 1394:

She and her husband were brought before trial in the

1035:

Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda

4721:] (in German) (3rd ed.). Koblenz: Fölbach. 4314: 3774: 3510: 3498: 3048: 2527: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2073: 1652: 1187:

When she returned from Vienna, she discovered Harro

268:. Philipp zu Eulenburg was a close friend of Kaiser 2676: 1480:for the Schulze-Boysens in the castle courtyard of 563:carved into his leg when he was arrested, he found 438:

Freiwilligen Arbeitsdienst für die weibliche Jugend

253:(1912 - 2008), was a journalist and diplomat. 4649:Historical Dictionary of World War II Intelligence 4413: 3846: 3800:. Augusta Presse- und Verlags GmbH. Archived from 3717: 3681: 3657: 3618: 3456: 3441: 3429: 3399: 3363: 3310: 3158: 3107: 3095: 3042: 2889: 2874: 2820: 2796: 2697: 2670: 2578: 2331: 2304: 2280: 2268: 2205: 2190: 2178: 2149: 2137: 2091: 2067: 2055: 2038: 2008: 1891: 1795: 1726: 1699: 1670: 1553: 4046:. Grand Rapids: Calvin University. Archived from 2109: 1195: 1172:(German original title "Das Sowjet-Paradies") in 1043:Kunst, deutsches Land und Volk, Völker und Länder 320:, she was impressed enough with them to join the 5424:People from Berlin executed at Plötzensee Prison 5400: 699:In late 1937, Schulze-Boysen met the playwright 240:Rosita Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough 5434:People executed by hanging at Plötzensee Prison 4682:Aurich, Rolf (2008). Jacobsen, Wolfgang (ed.). 3936:(4). The University of Chicago Press: 801–838. 3251:Terwiel & Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand 788: 4684:Libertas Schulze-Boysen : Filmpublizistin 4561:(in German). German Resistance Memorial Center 4541: 4495: 4317:Mildred Harnack und die Rote Kapelle in Berlin 2384: 1945: 801:at a dinner party hosted by the film producer 4819: 4254:Geyer, Michael; Tooze, Adam (23 April 2015). 1293:Libs and Harro. The picture was taken in 1935 147:(20 November 1913, Paris – 22 December 1942, 4118:Libertas Schulze-Boysen und die Rote Kapelle 3761: 3759: 1025:rented on the rooms directly from Van Beek. 4166: 4114: 3387: 3078: 2729: 2712: 2566: 2408: 2348: 2292: 1834: 1807: 1747: 1634: 1604: 1577: 1565: 295:. Later, a co-worker of her father (artist 266:Augusta Constantia Ulrike Charlotte Sandels 4826: 4812: 4537:. Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand: AGIS. 4333: 4253: 3693: 3606: 3577: 3492: 3480: 3468: 3414: 3346: 3298: 3238: 3209: 3185: 3143: 3131: 3119: 3015: 3003: 2991: 2976: 2961: 2913: 2862: 2850: 2835: 2748: 2655: 2643: 2631: 2619: 2602: 2590: 2515: 2471: 2459: 2435: 2423: 2372: 2360: 2316: 2256: 2241: 2229: 2103: 2023: 1993: 1981: 1969: 1933: 1918: 1879: 1867: 1855: 31: 3756: 1028: 4453: 4432: 4234: 3895: 3535: 3274: 3221: 2554: 1903: 1819: 1711: 1646: 1288: 1151: 913: 624: 379: 201: 16:German aristocrat and resistance fighter 4688:Libertas Schulze-Boysen: film publicist 4364: 4272: 4037: 3926:"The German Invention of Homosexuality" 2949: 2784: 2682: 1957: 5401: 4385: 4215: 4194: 4152:. Yale University Press. p. 247. 4145: 4115:Coppi, Hans; Tuchel, Johannes (2013). 4009: 3988: 3923: 3705: 3669: 3645: 3630: 3594: 3565: 3550: 3375: 3329: 3286: 3173: 3066: 3027: 2937: 2925: 2901: 2808: 2772: 2760: 2542: 2500: 2483: 2447: 2396: 2217: 2166: 1783: 1762: 1682: 1658: 1592: 1428:Memoiren eines mittelmässigen Schülers 1389: 1016:In September 1941, Schulze-Boysen met 588:who had been invited on the advice of 440:) for six months' voluntary work near 307:In 1932, Schulze-Boysen completed her 37:Schulze-Boysen sitting at her desk at 4807: 4794:Digitorial on Libertas Schulze-Boysen 4629:"I didn't beg for my life" a portrait 4622: 4481: 4418:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 4291: 4083: 4062: 4010:Brysac, Shareen Blair (23 May 2002). 3995:. New York: Oxford University Press. 3971: 3896:Andresen, Geertje (1 November 2005). 3852: 3780: 3197: 3054: 2120: 2079: 1147: 336: 206:Bust of Libertas at Castle Liebenberg 182:. From April 1941, their underground 4645: 4593: 4342:] (in German). Münich: Droemer. 3523: 3504: 452:, a family friend who worked at the 392:while they were both sailing on the 4581:. German Resistance Memorial Center 4220:(in German). C.H.Beck. p. 79. 4069:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3766:Background on Schulze-Boysen-Straße 3748:Official Nazi document of execution 1523:List of Germans who resisted Nazism 720:and their search for the causes of 688:that left from the Hamburg port of 629:The Schulze-Boysen group in Germany 13: 4675: 4506:] (in German). Aufbau-Verlag. 4273:Hellman, John (15 November 2002). 2528:Juchler, Ambauen & Arnold 2017 1302:had gone missing while working in 932:Resurrection the mask in art dance 570: 175:task force to the Film Institute. 14: 5455: 4782: 4579:Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand 4559:Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand 4547:Institute of Contemporary History 4392:. Random House Publishing Group. 3972:Bergt, Heike (8 September 2017). 1464:Memorials to the Schulze-Boysen's 1446:Memorial to the German Resistance 1269:, principal cryptographer of the 1123:The becoming of the Nazi movement 835:who they met in 1935 as well as 5444:German people of Swedish descent 4646:West, Nigel (12 November 2007). 4170:Germany and the Second World War 3924:Beachy, Robert (December 2010). 3858: 3816: 3786: 3741: 3723: 3718:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 3682:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 3658:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 3619:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 3457:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 3442:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 3430:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 3400:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 3364:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 3311:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 3159:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 3108:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 3096:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 3043:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2890:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2875:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2821:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2797:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2698:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2671:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2579:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2332:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2305:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2281:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2269:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2206:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2191:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2179:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2150:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2138:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2092:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2068:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2056:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2039:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 2009:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 1892:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 1796:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 1727:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 1700:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 1671:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 1554:Ohler, Mohr & Yarbrough 2020 1488: 1470: 1064: 527: 328:(German: Bund Deutscher Mädel). 236:Gustav Archibald Sigvart Douglas 4277:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. 3888: 1236:The letter was duplicated in a 988:would work needed to continue. 900:Deutsche Hochschule für Politik 264:and his Swedish wife, Countess 5419:Executed Red Orchestra members 4496:Schulze-Boysen, Harro (1999). 4365:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979). 4319:. Universitätsverlag Potsdam. 4258:. Cambridge University Press. 3989:Brysac, Shareen Blair (2000). 1528:Resistance during World War II 1327:that Harro had been arrested. 1196:Letters from the Eastern Front 1096:as well as the factory worker 877:At the beginning of 1940, the 480:to visit the last home of the 25:Libertas "Libs" Schulze-Boysen 1: 4386:Nelson, Anne (7 April 2009). 4292:Höhne, Heinz (16 June 1968). 4216:Geyken, Frauke (9 May 2014). 3930:The Journal of Modern History 1533: 1434:) to Libertas Schulze-Boysen. 1432:Memoirs of a Mediocre Student 1092:and her fiancée, the dentist 982: 904:Humboldt University of Berlin 712:) about the German physician 620: 5429:Reich Labour Service members 4549:. p. Archive: ED 335/2. 4454:Petrescu, Corina L. (2010). 4439:. New York: Schocken Books. 4038:Bytwerk, Randall L. (2004). 3794:"Kaiserjagden in Liebenberg" 1243: 945: 797:and his wife, the socialist 789:Schulze-Boysen/Harnack group 664:, was planning to visit the 388:In April 1934, Libertas met 302: 7: 5026:Erika Gräfin von Brockdorff 4239:. London: William Collins. 4016:. Oxford University Press. 1506: 1346:(Schutzhäftlinge) by them. 1039:Deutsche KulturfilmZentrale 692:, transporting coal to the 498: 492:as well as visit his tomb. 145:Libertas Viktoria Haas-Heye 50:Libertas Viktoria Haas-Heye 10: 5460: 4844:Harro Schulze-Boysen group 4334:Kettelhake, Silke (2008). 3263:Schulze-Boysen et al. 1942 1426:dedicated his 1950 novel, 1409: 1336:Reich Security Main Office 910:or government councillor. 584:who was the girlfriend of 270:William II, German Emperor 5361:Rudolf von Scheliha group 5360: 5209: 5161:Wilhelm Schürmann-Horster 4843: 4744:Hürter, Johannes (2007). 4555:"Libertas Schulze-Boysen" 4433:Perrault, Gilles (1969). 4146:Dallin, David J. (1955). 4044:German Propaganda Archive 3768:Retrieved 13 April 2010. 1437:In the Berlin borough of 1298:Spoerl also noticed that 1284: 716:and his competition with 331: 120: 108: 100: 90: 68: 45: 30: 23: 4747:Schulze-Boysen, Libertas 4063:Cocks, Geoffrey (1985). 3974:"Pfarrer im Unruhestand" 3750:Retrieved 13 April 2010 638:Barcelona by the German 190:("Rote Kapelle") by the 4871:Mietje Bontjes van Beek 4856:Libertas Schulze-Boysen 4755:Rosiejka, Gert (1986). 4623:Vinke, Hermann (2007). 3388:Coppi & Tuchel 2013 2730:Coppi & Tuchel 2013 2713:Coppi & Tuchel 2013 2567:Coppi & Tuchel 2013 2409:Coppi & Tuchel 2013 2349:Coppi & Tuchel 2013 2293:Coppi & Tuchel 2013 1835:Coppi & Tuchel 2013 1808:Coppi & Tuchel 2013 1748:Coppi & Tuchel 2013 1635:Coppi & Tuchel 2013 1605:Coppi & Tuchel 2013 1578:Coppi & Tuchel 2013 1566:Coppi & Tuchel 2013 613:and the Rowohlt editor 197: 95:Execution by guillotine 4789:Douglas family archive 4594:Tyas, Stephen (2017). 4499:Dieser Tod paßt zu mir 4235:Hastings, Max (2015). 4040:"Zeitschriften-Dienst" 3828:Deutsche Kreditbank AG 3239:Geyer & Tooze 2015 1765:, p. 427, Ref 39. 1332:German-occupied Europe 1294: 1157: 1079:Heil'schen Abendschule 1029:Documenting war crimes 934:introduced the dancer 630: 520:and the couple had an 385: 326:League of German Girls 207: 5439:Executed German women 5342:Hansheinrich Kummerow 5242:Lotte Bergtel-Schleif 5201:Hansheinrich Kummerow 5051:Lotte Bergtel-Schleif 4866:Cato Bontjes van Beek 4834:People of the German 4713:Boysen, Elsa (1992). 4543:Schulze-Boysen, Harro 4482:Pučan, Lukáš (2008). 1381:On 15 November 1942, 1292: 1155: 1018:Cato Bontjes van Beek 914:Writer and journalist 628: 383: 368:The Mad Dog of Europe 318:German Youth Movement 216:Otto Ludwig Haas-Heye 205: 4901:Walter Küchenmeister 4881:Elisabeth Schumacher 4876:Jan Bontjes van Beek 4851:Harro Schulze-Boysen 4600:. Stroud: Fonthill. 4084:Coppi, Hans (1995). 3804:on 28 September 2010 3798:Deutschland Internet 1252:by the German radio 1201:Schulze-Boysen met 1131:Freedom and violence 1033:In August 1940, the 994:Operation Barbarossa 928:Zeitschriften-Dienst 886:along with Hans and 868:Kidney stone disease 853:Walter Küchenmeister 845:Elisabeth Schumacher 590:Elisabeth Schumacher 586:Walter Küchenmeister 534:1936 Summer Olympics 470:Ministry of Aviation 458:Reich Labour Service 434:Reich Labour Service 390:Harro Schulze-Boysen 297:Valerie Wolffenstein 262:Philipp zu Eulenburg 169:Harro Schulze-Boysen 125:Harro Schulze-Boysen 5368:Rudolf von Scheliha 5210:Arvid Harnack group 4966:Hans Lautenschlager 4926:Gisela von Pöllnitz 4652:. Scarecrow Press. 4504:This death suits me 4050:on 14 February 2024 3834:on 29 November 2014 3483:, pp. 365–366. 3241:, pp. 718–720. 3122:, pp. 335–337. 3006:, pp. 325–326. 2763:, pp. 200–202. 2658:, pp. 282–283. 2605:, pp. 274–275. 2474:, pp. 252–254. 2385:Schulze-Boysen 1999 2375:, pp. 233–236. 2319:, pp. 221–223. 1996:, pp. 151–152. 1946:Schulze-Boysen 1936 1595:, pp. 801–838. 1396:Reichskriegsgericht 1390:Trial and execution 1372:Reichskriegsgericht 1275:counterintelligence 1254:counterintelligence 1170:The Soviet Paradise 1127:Call for opposition 863:who was an editor. 676:at a sanatorium in 662:Gisela von Pöllnitz 578:Gisela von Pöllnitz 550:Hans-Jürgen Stumpff 343:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 91:Cause of death 39:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 5327:Wilhelm Fellendorf 5176:Wilhelm Fellendorf 5031:Cay von Brockdorff 4891:Günther Weisenborn 4485:Bakalarska's works 1568:, pp. 36, 39. 1415:The German writer 1344:protective custody 1321:Günther Weisenborn 1295: 1277:department of the 1158: 1148:Fears and protests 1047:Sonderbehandlungen 961:Alexander Korotkov 888:Ina Lautenschläger 837:Albrecht Haushofer 808:literary historian 701:Günther Weisenborn 631: 599:National Newspaper 490:Rainer Maria Rilke 488:poet and novelist 436:for female youth ( 386: 352:Sons of the Desert 337:As a press officer 293:Kunstgewerbemuseum 244:Johannes Haas-Heye 208: 173:Sonderbehandlungen 160:resistance fighter 5396: 5395: 5378:Rudolf Herrnstadt 5337:Ingeborg Kummerow 5277:Leo Skrzypczynski 5272:Wolfgang Havemann 5237:Bernhard Bästlein 5196:Ingeborg Kummerow 5126:Philipp Schaeffer 4961:Hermann Natterodt 4956:Herbert Engelsing 4697:978-3-88377-925-6 4659:978-0-8108-6421-4 4513:978-3-351-02493-2 4467:978-3-03911-845-8 4436:The Red Orchestra 4399:978-1-58836-799-0 4378:978-0-89093-203-2 4326:978-3-86956-407-4 4294:"ptx ruft moskau" 4284:978-0-7735-2376-0 4265:978-1-316-29880-0 4246:978-0-00-750374-2 4227:978-3-406-65903-4 4159:978-0-598-41349-9 4131:978-3-926082-55-8 4023:978-0-19-992388-5 4002:978-0-19-513269-4 3909:978-3-936872-58-3 3390:, pp. 49–50. 3030:, pp. 72–76. 2094:, pp. 67–69. 1673:, pp. 40–41. 1482:Liebenberg Castle 1404:Plötzensee Prison 1352:agent provocateur 1316:Kulurefilm center 1312:Herbert Engelsing 896:Organisation Todt 859:and her husband, 824:L'orchestre rouge 816:Marxist economist 803:Herbert Engelsing 743:Deutschlandsender 658:FET y de las JONS 635:Spanish Civil War 615:Ernst von Salomon 538:Spanish Civil War 474:League of Nations 450:Ernst von Salomon 384:Liebenberg Castle 363:Herman Mankiewicz 314:Reich Chancellery 274:Maximilian Harden 220:Liebenberg Castle 149:Plötzensee Prison 130: 129: 80:Plötzensee Prison 5451: 5312:Rose Schlösinger 4981:Friedrich Rehmer 4931:Oda Schottmüller 4916:John Rittmeister 4838:resistance group 4828: 4821: 4814: 4805: 4804: 4778: 4751: 4740: 4709: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4642: 4619: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4550: 4538: 4536: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4492: 4490: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4450: 4429: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4382: 4361: 4330: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4288: 4269: 4250: 4231: 4212: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4163: 4149:Soviet Espionage 4142: 4140: 4138: 4123: 4111: 4080: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4006: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3902:. Lukas Verlag. 3882: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3830:. 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Schumacher 573: 571:Picnic meetings 530: 501: 466:Wille zum Reich 339: 334: 305: 246: 222: 200: 158:, who became a 151:) was a German 86: 77: 73: 64: 61: 55: 53: 52: 51: 41: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5457: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5364: 5362: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5307:Friedrich Lenz 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5252:Greta Kuckhoff 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5213: 5211: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5146:Edwin Tietjens 5143: 5138: 5133: 5131:Ilse Schaeffer 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5101:Marta Husemann 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5071:Otto Grabowski 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5036:Eva-Maria Buch 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4951:Horst Heilmann 4948: 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243. 3279: 3277:, p. 219. 3267: 3255: 3243: 3226: 3224:, p. 199. 3214: 3212:, p. 331. 3202: 3200:, p. 331. 3190: 3188:, p. 351. 3178: 3176:, p. 242. 3163: 3161:, p. 135. 3148: 3146:, p. 337. 3136: 3134:, p. 335. 3124: 3112: 3110:, p. 132. 3100: 3098:, p. 131. 3083: 3081:, p. 107. 3071: 3059: 3047: 3045:, p. 144. 3032: 3020: 3018:, p. 326. 3008: 2996: 2981: 2979:, p. 317. 2966: 2964:, p. 315. 2954: 2952:, p. 147. 2942: 2940:, p. 286. 2930: 2928:, p. 247. 2918: 2916:, p. 307. 2906: 2904:, p. 196. 2894: 2892:, p. 113. 2879: 2877:, p. 116. 2867: 2865:, p. 302. 2855: 2853:, p. 301. 2840: 2838:, p. 300. 2825: 2823:, p. 149. 2813: 2811:, p. 215. 2801: 2799:, p. 110. 2789: 2787:, p. 140. 2777: 2775:, p. 266. 2765: 2753: 2751:, p. 290. 2734: 2717: 2702: 2700:, p. 105. 2687: 2675: 2673:, p. 104. 2660: 2648: 2646:, p. 281. 2636: 2634:, p. 277. 2624: 2622:, p. 276. 2607: 2595: 2593:, p. 273. 2583: 2581:, p. 101. 2571: 2559: 2557:, p. 209. 2547: 2545:, p. 236. 2532: 2530:, p. 102. 2520: 2518:, p. 269. 2505: 2503:, p. 232. 2488: 2476: 2464: 2462:, p. 262. 2452: 2450:, p. 131. 2440: 2438:, p. 249. 2428: 2426:, p. 248. 2413: 2401: 2399:, p. 216. 2389: 2387:, p. 412. 2377: 2365: 2363:, p. 231. 2353: 2336: 2321: 2309: 2297: 2285: 2283:, p. 125. 2273: 2261: 2259:, p. 204. 2246: 2244:, p. 203. 2234: 2232:, p. 201. 2222: 2220:, p. 105. 2210: 2195: 2183: 2171: 2169:, p. 237. 2154: 2152:, p. 157. 2142: 2125: 2108: 2106:, p. 176. 2096: 2084: 2082:, p. 183. 2072: 2060: 2043: 2028: 2026:, p. 158. 2013: 1998: 1986: 1984:, p. 150. 1974: 1972:, p. 149. 1962: 1960:, p. 229. 1950: 1938: 1936:, p. 145. 1923: 1921:, p. 146. 1908: 1896: 1884: 1882:, p. 171. 1872: 1860: 1858:, p. 111. 1839: 1824: 1822:, p. 189. 1812: 1800: 1788: 1786:, p. 112. 1767: 1752: 1731: 1716: 1714:, p. 190. 1704: 1687: 1685:, p. 136. 1675: 1663: 1661:, p. 376. 1651: 1649:, p. 185. 1639: 1624: 1609: 1597: 1582: 1570: 1558: 1538: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1508: 1505: 1494: 1487: 1486: 1476: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1449: 1442: 1435: 1411: 1408: 1391: 1388: 1368:Manfred Roeder 1356:Hermann Göring 1325:Horst Heilmann 1286: 1283: 1245: 1242: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1197: 1194: 1149: 1146: 1082:Abendgymnasium 1066: 1063: 1030: 1027: 1003:Hermann Göring 984: 981: 977:Joy Weisenborn 956:Greta Kuckhoff 947: 944: 915: 912: 857:Marta Husemann 799:Greta Kuckhoff 790: 787: 767:Charlottenburg 739:Theater Bremen 622: 619: 580:and a doctor, 572: 569: 557:Charlottenburg 529: 526: 509:Hermann Göring 500: 497: 407:Henry Erlanger 402:Sturmabteilung 365:'s screenplay 338: 335: 333: 330: 304: 301: 199: 196: 141:Schulze-Boysen 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 112:Member of the 110: 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 78: 76:(aged 29) 70: 66: 65: 62: 49: 47: 43: 42: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5456: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5359: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5332:Eugen Neutert 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5292:Anton Saefkow 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5247:Adam Kuckhoff 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5232:Hilde Guddorf 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5217:Arvid Harnack 5215: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5191:Heinz Strelow 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5156:Frida Wesolek 5154: 5152: 5151:Albert Voigts 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5141:Hans Sussmann 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5121:Helmut Roloff 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5066:Max Grabowski 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5046:Werner Dissel 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5011:Helmut Himpel 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4991:Werner Krauss 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4976:Ursula Goetze 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4911:John Graudenz 4909: 4907: 4906:Elfriede Paul 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4861:Maria Terwiel 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4842: 4837: 4829: 4824: 4822: 4817: 4815: 4810: 4809: 4806: 4800: 4799:Stolpersteine 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4766:3-925622-16-0 4762: 4758: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4728:3-923532-17-2 4724: 4720: 4716: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4680: 4679: 4661: 4655: 4651: 4650: 4644: 4640: 4638:9783442736720 4634: 4630: 4626: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4607:9781781555989 4603: 4599: 4598: 4592: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4533: 4532: 4526: 4515: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4494: 4487: 4486: 4480: 4469: 4463: 4459: 4458: 4452: 4448: 4442: 4438: 4437: 4431: 4427: 4425:9781328566232 4421: 4417: 4412: 4401: 4395: 4391: 4390: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4370: 4369: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4349:9783426274378 4345: 4341: 4337: 4332: 4328: 4322: 4318: 4313: 4301: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4261: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4219: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4199:(in German). 4198: 4193: 4182: 4180:9780199542963 4176: 4172: 4171: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4144: 4133: 4127: 4120: 4119: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4099:3-923532-28-8 4095: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4061: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4036: 4025: 4019: 4015: 4014: 4008: 4004: 3998: 3994: 3993: 3987: 3975: 3970: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3911: 3905: 3901: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3871: 3867: 3861: 3854: 3849: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3789: 3783:, p. 28. 3782: 3777: 3767: 3762: 3760: 3749: 3744: 3734: 3733: 3726: 3719: 3714: 3707: 3702: 3695: 3690: 3683: 3678: 3671: 3666: 3659: 3654: 3647: 3642: 3640: 3632: 3627: 3620: 3615: 3608: 3603: 3596: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3579: 3574: 3567: 3562: 3560: 3552: 3547: 3545: 3538:, p. 83. 3537: 3536:Perrault 1969 3532: 3525: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3506: 3501: 3494: 3489: 3482: 3477: 3470: 3465: 3458: 3453: 3451: 3443: 3438: 3431: 3426: 3424: 3416: 3411: 3409: 3401: 3396: 3389: 3384: 3377: 3372: 3365: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3348: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3312: 3307: 3300: 3295: 3288: 3283: 3276: 3275:Petrescu 2010 3271: 3264: 3259: 3252: 3247: 3240: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3223: 3222:Petrescu 2010 3218: 3211: 3206: 3199: 3194: 3187: 3182: 3175: 3170: 3168: 3160: 3155: 3153: 3145: 3140: 3133: 3128: 3121: 3116: 3109: 3104: 3097: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3080: 3075: 3069:, p. 79. 3068: 3063: 3057:, p. 70. 3056: 3051: 3044: 3039: 3037: 3029: 3024: 3017: 3012: 3005: 3000: 2993: 2988: 2986: 2978: 2973: 2971: 2963: 2958: 2951: 2946: 2939: 2934: 2927: 2922: 2915: 2910: 2903: 2898: 2891: 2886: 2884: 2876: 2871: 2864: 2859: 2852: 2847: 2845: 2837: 2832: 2830: 2822: 2817: 2810: 2805: 2798: 2793: 2786: 2781: 2774: 2769: 2762: 2757: 2750: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2732:, p. 58. 2731: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2715:, p. 57. 2714: 2709: 2707: 2699: 2694: 2692: 2684: 2679: 2672: 2667: 2665: 2657: 2652: 2645: 2640: 2633: 2628: 2621: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2604: 2599: 2592: 2587: 2580: 2575: 2569:, p. 18. 2568: 2563: 2556: 2555:Perrault 1969 2551: 2544: 2539: 2537: 2529: 2524: 2517: 2512: 2510: 2502: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2485: 2480: 2473: 2468: 2461: 2456: 2449: 2444: 2437: 2432: 2425: 2420: 2418: 2411:, p. 60. 2410: 2405: 2398: 2393: 2386: 2381: 2374: 2369: 2362: 2357: 2351:, p. 55. 2350: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2334:, p. 82. 2333: 2328: 2326: 2318: 2313: 2307:, p. 81. 2306: 2301: 2295:, p. 54. 2294: 2289: 2282: 2277: 2271:, p. 80. 2270: 2265: 2258: 2253: 2251: 2243: 2238: 2231: 2226: 2219: 2214: 2208:, p. 78. 2207: 2202: 2200: 2193:, p. 77. 2192: 2187: 2181:, p. 76. 2180: 2175: 2168: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2151: 2146: 2140:, p. 74. 2139: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2105: 2100: 2093: 2088: 2081: 2076: 2070:, p. 69. 2069: 2064: 2058:, p. 67. 2057: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2041:, p. 66. 2040: 2035: 2033: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2011:, p. 64. 2010: 2005: 2003: 1995: 1990: 1983: 1978: 1971: 1966: 1959: 1954: 1947: 1942: 1935: 1930: 1928: 1920: 1915: 1913: 1906:, p. 29. 1905: 1904:Hastings 2015 1900: 1894:, p. 96. 1893: 1888: 1881: 1876: 1870:, p. 97. 1869: 1864: 1857: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1837:, p. 45. 1836: 1831: 1829: 1821: 1820:Petrescu 2010 1816: 1810:, p. 19. 1809: 1804: 1798:, p. 31. 1797: 1792: 1785: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1764: 1759: 1757: 1750:, p. 12. 1749: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1729:, p. 61. 1728: 1723: 1721: 1713: 1712:Petrescu 2010 1708: 1702:, p. 60. 1701: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1684: 1679: 1672: 1667: 1660: 1655: 1648: 1647:Andresen 2005 1643: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1621: 1616: 1614: 1606: 1601: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1580:, p. 32. 1579: 1574: 1567: 1562: 1556:, p. 35. 1555: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1539: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1513:Arvid Harnack 1511: 1510: 1498: 1491: 1483: 1479: 1473: 1456: 1455: 1454:Stolpersteine 1451:In 2017, two 1450: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1423: 1418: 1414: 1413: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1387: 1384: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1347: 1345: 1342:and put into 1341: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1313: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1300:Adam Kuckhoff 1291: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1267:Wilhelm Vauck 1264: 1259: 1256:organization 1255: 1251: 1250:Johann Wenzel 1241: 1239: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1218:potato beetle 1215: 1209: 1204: 1193: 1190: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1154: 1145: 1143: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1119:Heinz Strelow 1116: 1112: 1107: 1106:Eastern Front 1103: 1102:Ursula Goetze 1099: 1095: 1094:Helmut Himpel 1091: 1090:Maria Terwiel 1087: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1073:and his wife 1072: 1065:AGIS leaflets 1062: 1060: 1055: 1052: 1049:task forces. 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1026: 1024: 1023:Heinz Strelow 1019: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 998: 995: 989: 980: 978: 974: 970: 965: 962: 957: 953: 943: 941: 940:Adam Kuckhoff 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 911: 909: 908:Regierungsrat 905: 901: 897: 893: 892:Elfriede Paul 889: 885: 880: 875: 873: 869: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 849:Elfriede Paul 846: 843:and his wife 842: 838: 834: 833:Werner Dissel 829: 825: 820: 819:Arvid Harnack 817: 813: 810:, translator 809: 804: 800: 796: 795:Adam Kuckhoff 786: 784: 780: 779:Curonian Spit 776: 772: 768: 763: 761: 760:John Graudenz 757: 753: 749: 748:Kristallnacht 744: 740: 735: 730: 729:Elfriede Paul 725: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 702: 697: 695: 691: 687: 685: 684:Ilona Siemers 679: 678:Bad Wildungen 675: 674:kidney stones 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 650: 649:Legion Kondor 645: 641: 636: 627: 618: 616: 612: 611:Werner Dissel 606: 601: 600: 595: 591: 587: 583: 582:Elfriede Paul 579: 568: 566: 562: 558: 553: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 528:First mission 525: 523: 522:open marriage 519: 514: 510: 506: 496: 493: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 462: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 422: 420: 416: 410: 408: 403: 399: 395: 391: 382: 378: 376: 375: 370: 369: 364: 360: 359: 354: 353: 348: 347:press officer 344: 329: 327: 323: 319: 315: 310: 300: 298: 294: 289: 287: 281: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 254: 250: 245: 241: 237: 232: 226: 221: 217: 213: 204: 195: 193: 189: 188:Red Orchestra 185: 181: 180:Arvid Harnack 176: 174: 170: 166: 161: 157: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 126: 123: 119: 115: 114:Red Orchestra 111: 107: 104:Press officer 103: 99: 96: 93: 89: 85: 81: 71: 67: 63:Paris, France 48: 44: 40: 34: 29: 22: 19: 5383:Kurt Schulze 5352:Martin Weise 5302:Karl Behrens 5282:Adolf Grimme 5181:Robert Barth 5166:Arnold Bauer 5136:Kurt Schulze 5091:Marie Hübner 5076:Bruno Hempel 5061:Erwin Gehrts 5041:Fritz Cremer 5016:Hanna Berger 5006:Karl Behrens 5001:Adolf Grimme 4855: 4836:Rote Kapelle 4756: 4746: 4718: 4714: 4687: 4683: 4663:. Retrieved 4648: 4628: 4624: 4596: 4583:. Retrieved 4578: 4563:. Retrieved 4558: 4530: 4519:27 September 4517:. Retrieved 4503: 4498: 4484: 4471:. Retrieved 4456: 4435: 4415: 4403:. Retrieved 4388: 4367: 4339: 4335: 4316: 4306:19 September 4304:. Retrieved 4297: 4274: 4255: 4236: 4217: 4200: 4196: 4184:. Retrieved 4169: 4148: 4135:. Retrieved 4117: 4089: 4085: 4065: 4052:. Retrieved 4048:the original 4043: 4027:. Retrieved 4012: 3991: 3978:. Retrieved 3961:. Retrieved 3933: 3929: 3913:. Retrieved 3898: 3889:Bibliography 3874:. Retrieved 3870:DKB STIFTUNG 3869: 3860: 3848: 3836:. Retrieved 3832:the original 3827: 3818: 3806:. Retrieved 3802:the original 3797: 3788: 3776: 3743: 3731: 3725: 3713: 3701: 3689: 3677: 3665: 3653: 3626: 3614: 3602: 3573: 3531: 3500: 3488: 3476: 3464: 3437: 3395: 3383: 3371: 3306: 3294: 3282: 3270: 3258: 3246: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3181: 3139: 3127: 3115: 3103: 3074: 3062: 3050: 3023: 3011: 2999: 2957: 2950:Kesaris 1979 2945: 2933: 2921: 2909: 2897: 2870: 2858: 2816: 2804: 2792: 2785:Kesaris 1979 2780: 2768: 2756: 2683:Bytwerk 2004 2678: 2651: 2639: 2627: 2598: 2586: 2574: 2562: 2550: 2523: 2479: 2467: 2455: 2443: 2431: 2404: 2392: 2380: 2368: 2356: 2312: 2300: 2288: 2276: 2264: 2237: 2225: 2213: 2186: 2174: 2145: 2099: 2087: 2075: 2063: 1989: 1977: 1965: 1958:Hellman 2002 1953: 1941: 1899: 1887: 1875: 1863: 1815: 1803: 1791: 1707: 1678: 1666: 1654: 1642: 1637:, p. 8. 1607:, p. 4. 1600: 1573: 1561: 1478:Stolperstein 1452: 1431: 1427: 1400:high treason 1393: 1380: 1364:David Dallin 1360: 1348: 1329: 1315: 1308: 1296: 1273:, the radio 1247: 1235: 1199: 1189:in flagrante 1188: 1186: 1182:Herbert Baum 1177: 1163: 1159: 1141: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1078: 1068: 1056: 1042: 1037:created the 1032: 1015: 999: 990: 986: 966: 949: 931: 927: 919: 917: 876: 865: 823: 792: 764: 726: 722:tuberculosis 709: 705: 698: 683: 648: 632: 609:, the actor 598: 574: 554: 531: 502: 494: 463: 437: 428:district of 423: 411: 397: 387: 374:Citizen Kane 372: 366: 358:Dancing Lady 356: 350: 340: 306: 290: 282: 255: 209: 177: 144: 140: 136: 132: 131: 84:Nazi Germany 74:(1942-12-22) 18: 5414:1942 deaths 5409:1913 births 5347:Fritz Lange 5322:Erna Eifler 5317:Beppo Römer 5262:Hilde Coppi 5171:Erna Eifler 4996:Anna Krauss 4986:Fritz Thiel 4936:Hilde Coppi 4565:3 September 4473:27 November 4302:(in German) 4299:Der Spiegel 4054:14 February 4029:26 December 3915:5 September 3872:(in German) 3838:4 September 3808:4 September 3770:(in German) 3752:(in German) 3737:(in German) 3706:Brysac 2000 3670:Nelson 2009 3646:Brysac 2000 3631:Brysac 2002 3595:Nelson 2009 3566:Nelson 2009 3551:Nelson 2009 3376:Nelson 2009 3330:Brysac 2000 3287:Nelson 2009 3174:Nelson 2009 3067:Geyken 2014 3028:Geyken 2015 2938:Brysac 2000 2926:Dallin 1955 2902:Nelson 2009 2809:Nelson 2009 2773:Brysac 2000 2761:Brysac 2002 2543:Brysac 2000 2501:Brysac 2000 2484:Nelson 2009 2448:Nelson 2009 2397:Nelson 2009 2218:Nelson 2009 2167:Brysac 2000 1784:Brysac 2002 1763:Brysac 2002 1683:Nelson 2009 1659:Brysac 2002 1593:Beachy 2010 1439:Lichtenberg 1420: [ 1406:in Berlin. 1206: [ 1011:Anna Krauss 756:clairvoyant 752:Anna Krauss 734:Thomas Mann 714:Robert Koch 603: [ 444:, close to 426:Wilmersdorf 345:(MGM) as a 247: [ 231:Protestants 223: [ 5403:Categories 5373:Ilse Stöbe 5257:Hans Coppi 5086:Max Hübner 5021:Karl Böhme 4941:Hans Coppi 4616:1013591260 4446:0805209522 4076:0195034619 3853:Bergt 2017 3781:Pučan 2008 3732:Feldurteil 3198:Cocks 1985 3055:Vinke 2007 2121:Höhne 1968 2080:Coppi 1995 1534:References 1518:Hans Coppi 1271:Funkabwehr 1263:Referat 12 1258:Funkabwehr 1238:hectograph 1174:Lustgarten 1086:Schöneberg 1007:treasonous 983:Hochverrat 769:, now the 746:witnessed 621:Resistance 565:lovemaking 542:Mein Kampf 505:Guido Reni 419:communists 398:Der Gegner 322:Nazi Party 212:Heidelberg 184:resistance 156:noblewoman 101:Occupation 82:, Berlin, 56:1913-11-20 5287:John Sieg 5106:Else Imme 5056:Ina Ender 4706:237239951 4358:221130666 4209:0011-5908 4186:27 August 4108:243801569 3980:12 August 3963:27 August 3958:142605226 3876:12 August 3524:West 2007 3505:Tyas 2017 1499:of Berlin 1376:Funkspiel 1244:Discovery 1222:John Sieg 1166:Wien-Film 946:Espionage 872:rationing 694:Black Sea 690:St. Pauli 640:Wehrmacht 592:—wife of 546:Carinhall 518:libertine 513:Stockholm 415:pacifists 303:Education 286:governess 165:Luftwaffe 4775:74741321 4737:75288953 4137:26 March 1507:See also 1383:Gurevich 879:blackout 561:Swastika 499:Marriage 486:Austrian 482:Bohemian 258:Prussian 167:officer 153:Prussian 133:Libertas 109:Movement 4665:1 March 4585:21 July 4405:15 June 1497:Westend 1410:Honours 1340:Gestapo 1115:Agis IV 1111:Spartan 973:Günther 969:Potsdam 902:of the 812:Mildred 777:on the 771:Westend 507:, with 454:Rowohlt 446:Potsdam 442:Glindow 394:Wannsee 143:, born 4773: 4763: 4735: 4725: 4704: 4694: 4656: 4635: 4614: 4604: 4510: 4464: 4443: 4422: 4396: 4375: 4356: 4346: 4323: 4281: 4262: 4243: 4224: 4207: 4197:Damals 4177: 4156: 4128: 4106: 4096: 4073: 4020: 3999: 3956: 3948: 3906: 1304:Prague 1285:Arrest 1279:Abwehr 952:Adam's 783:Latvia 775:Nidden 686:(1923) 430:Berlin 332:Career 309:Abitur 214:-born 192:Abwehr 121:Spouse 4717:[ 4686:[ 4627:[ 4535:(PDF) 4502:[ 4489:(PDF) 4338:[ 4122:(PDF) 4088:[ 3954:S2CID 3946:JSTOR 3730:Nazi 1424:] 1210:] 1113:King 607:] 251:] 227:] 4771:OCLC 4761:ISBN 4733:OCLC 4723:ISBN 4702:OCLC 4692:ISBN 4667:2018 4654:ISBN 4633:ISBN 4612:OCLC 4602:ISBN 4587:2019 4567:2020 4521:2021 4508:ISBN 4475:2019 4462:ISBN 4441:ISBN 4420:ISBN 4407:2021 4394:ISBN 4373:ISBN 4354:OCLC 4344:ISBN 4321:ISBN 4308:2023 4279:ISBN 4260:ISBN 4241:ISBN 4222:ISBN 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