62:
635:, the CCP leader in Moscow, deeply distrusted Li because of his close relationship with Gu Shunzhang. He kept Li out of the university and prevented him from returning to China. Li instead joined the Communication Science Research Institute and devoted his next six years studying radio theory and technology. He published a book on
798:
Li's eight-year tenure as
Minister of Foreign Trade witnessed the improvement of China's foreign relations with the West. By October 1977, he had signed 197 deals to import technology and machinery from many Western countries, which greatly helped modernize China's industry, agriculture, and national
563:
In 1928, Zhou resolved to establish an underground radio station in
Shanghai to communicate with CCP bases in the rest of the country. Li was assigned the task because of his technical background and proficiency in English, as few Chinese books on radio technology were available at the time and radio
787:, who had been dismissed. MFT was a large, important ministry with many layers of organization, which served not only commercial, but also diplomatic functions. Li was appointed partly because China became interested in importing Western technology.
739:. In March 1961, he was appointed vice-chairman of the Commission of Foreign Economic Relations (later Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations). He also held positions in the China Electronics Society and the Electronics Research Institute.
803:, he politically rehabilitated more than 2,000 people in his ministry who had been denounced and persecuted during the Cultural Revolution. Li retired in September 1981, although he continued to hold many honorary positions afterwards.
608:'s moles in the KMT intelligence organization, the CCP leadership in Shanghai was able to evacuate before the arrival of KMT agents. As Gu was intimately familiar with Li Qiang's life, Zhou Enlai arranged to have Li leave for the
771:. In 1972, Li informed North Vietnam that China agreed to supply and ship critical weaponry and ammunition they requested for fighting in South Vietnam. Li's role in the Vietnam War helped shield him from attacks by the
1209:
693:
from persecution. In May 1944, he was appointed
President of Yan'an Natural Science Institute, the CCP's first technical university, and reformed its curriculum to serve industrial and agricultural production.
726:
in 1949, Li was appointed
Director of the General Administration of Radio and the General Administration of Telecommunications. Because of his technical expertise and proficiency in Russian, in August 1952
2532:
2527:
1520:
2522:
1202:
472:
1195:
1513:
736:
2507:
2542:
639:
in
English, and was recognized as one of the top radio experts in the Soviet Union. The book was later translated into Chinese and used as a textbook in Chinese universities.
1506:
354:. After becoming Minister of Foreign Trade in 1973, he signed hundreds of major deals to import Western technology and machinery and helped modernize China's economy.
2502:
2228:
1935:
1865:
1218:
2431:
1870:
2326:
256:, radio scientist, diplomat, and politician. He served as the 2nd Minister of Foreign Trade of China from November 1973 to September 1981, and was elected an
2203:
2125:
2075:
1985:
1950:
815:
811:
477:
807:
568:
transmitters. He successfully made a radio transmitter in 1929 and established the CCP's first underground radio station later that year. He then went to
498:. In March 1927, when the Northern Expedition army took over Changshu, Li was appointed as a member of the temporary executive committee of his hometown.
2537:
865:
in 1991. He died in
Beijing on 29 September 1996, three days after his 91st birthday. He was buried in the Yushan Scenic Area in his hometown Changshu.
1529:
564:
equipment was strictly controlled by the KMT. Despite having no prior knowledge about radios, he taught himself by reading
English books and studying
2482:
2281:
2100:
2095:
1910:
1885:
651:, Li was granted permission to return to China at the end of 1937, as his technical expertise was urgently needed by the Communist headquarters in
2426:
2351:
2286:
2163:
2080:
2070:
1990:
1965:
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1850:
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616:
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2301:
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2183:
2110:
2055:
2010:
731:
appointed Li as Deputy
Minister of Foreign Trade and Commercial Counselor at the Chinese embassy in Moscow. He was elected as a member of the
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2336:
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2296:
2276:
2218:
2115:
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1970:
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1880:
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335:
970:
2436:
2391:
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2238:
2198:
2158:
2143:
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2025:
1980:
624:
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2153:
2148:
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1915:
672:
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1960:
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2213:
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2035:
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2020:
514:. The surviving Communists went underground and established its intelligence agency, the Central Special Operations Division (
299:), the CCP's intelligence agency, and created the CCP's first underground radio station. After his close friend and colleague
1176:
1142:
1108:
1039:
1007:
919:
2487:
735:
in 1955. From April 1956 to
October 1958, he served concurrently as a member of the Aviation Industry Committee of the
2512:
1498:
456:
339:
2547:
668:
2517:
823:
723:
222:
584:, Li co-ordinated with him to facilitate communication between Guangxi and the CCP leadership in Shanghai.
552:, head of intelligence. They worked together in the failed mission to rescue the captured Communist leader
819:
752:
732:
261:
1217:
659:
in rural Yan'an. In 1939, the Bureau of
Military Industry created the CCP's first self-made rifle, a
592:
In April 1931, Gu Shunzhang, the head of the Red Squad, defected after he was captured by the KMT in
452:
39:
763:, which was crucial to its victory against the United States. In late 1970, he secretly visited the
648:
411:, but was expelled in 1923 for writing an article criticizing Confucianist traditions. He moved to
315:
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460:
272:
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997:
448:
276:
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1098:
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1029:
428:
404:
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1742:
8:
2316:
1273:
1069:
748:
510:
On 12 April 1927, Chiang Kai-shek's KMT launched a coup against his Communist allies and
487:
655:. He was appointed head of the Bureau of Military Industry, tasked with establishing an
1747:
1341:
706:
688:
416:
331:
206:
31:
1528:
279:
in 1925, and became a key technical specialist in the early history of the CCP. After
1707:
1172:
1138:
1104:
1035:
1003:
927:
764:
698:
664:
544:'s four divisions. Li developed a close friendship with Gu, head of the Red Squad or
511:
351:
323:
288:
249:
242:
399:), he was a member of the prominent Zeng clan of Changsu, said to be descended from
1812:
424:
755:
officer to his office and appointing another soldier as his secretary. During the
701:, Li oversaw arms production in Communist-controlled areas. He also established a
2005:
1875:
1162:
702:
636:
483:
327:
308:
280:
38:
This article is about the Chinese Communist revolutionary. For other people, see
26:
528:. Because of Li's experience in bomb-making and his familiarity with Shanghai's
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1346:
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577:
230:
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2361:
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343:
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1717:
1712:
1686:
1606:
1442:
1437:
1320:
1278:
1268:
862:
800:
784:
759:, Li was a key member of the CCP's leading group overseeing China's aid to
609:
533:
376:
304:
300:
253:
111:
99:
22:
1462:
1219:
Ministers of Commerce (and predecessors) of the People's Republic of China
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2356:
2346:
2258:
2223:
2193:
2015:
1975:
1955:
1920:
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1232:
783:
In October 1973, Li was promoted to Minister of Foreign Trade, replacing
756:
347:
257:
2291:
2178:
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2050:
1940:
1900:
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728:
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529:
525:
432:
295:
as the communications head of the Central Special Operations Division (
292:
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147:
61:
2451:
2411:
2311:
1895:
1727:
1651:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1571:
1407:
1391:
1373:
788:
652:
632:
628:
601:
569:
565:
549:
491:
319:
2533:
Members of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
2528:
Members of the 10th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
751:, Premier Zhou Enlai protected Li Qiang by assigning a high-ranking
326:, he continued to oversee the CCP's arms industry and established a
322:
and headed the Yan'an Natural Science Institute. During the ensuing
307:, where he studied to become a radio expert and published a book on
2523:
Members of the 9th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
2441:
1845:
1835:
1762:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1596:
1467:
1412:
1378:
663:. By 1943, the bureau had manufactured nearly 10,000 rifles, 1,500
553:
468:
464:
412:
408:
368:
268:
143:
1581:
1561:
1294:
642:
581:
372:
1160:
400:
342:. As Vice-Minister, he played a major role in providing aid to
767:
to inspect the transport route of North Vietnamese troops to
593:
501:
459:
opened fire on Chinese protesters, killing 11. He joined the
318:, Li established an arms industry in the CCP's rural base in
303:
defected to the KMT in 1931, Li was forced into exile in the
1027:
999:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of International Relations: S-Z
1168:
China, Hong Kong, and the Long 1970s: Global Perspectives
572:
to establish a radio station in the British colony. When
179:
717:
494:. He is thus considered a founder of Communist China's
1096:
973:(in Chinese). PRC Ministry of Commerce. Archived from
1134:
The Foreign Trade of China: Policy, Law, and Practice
816:
11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
2508:
Deaths from cancer in the People's Republic of China
619:, which was attended by many CCP leaders, including
2543:
People's Republic of China politicians from Jiangsu
1530:
Founding members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
1335:
Ministers of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation
1156:
1154:
1137:. University of California Press. pp. 71–72.
1100:The Study of Change: Chemistry in China, 1840-1949
1309:Ministers of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade
2503:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Jiangsu
2464:
1151:
822:. He was also a member of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th
16:Chinese revolutionary and politician (1905–1996)
1090:
995:
709:to broadcast messages from the CCP leadership.
617:Communist University of the Toilers of the East
241:; 26 September 1905 – 29 September 1996) was a
643:Second Sino-Japanese War and Chinese Civil War
576:transited in Hong Kong on his way to lead the
415:and enrolled at the High School Affiliated to
1514:
1203:
1130:
853:
847:
841:
835:
712:
671:, Li protected top technical experts such as
515:
417:Nanyang Railroad and Mining Speciality School
394:
384:
367:Li Qiang was born as on 26 September 1905 in
207:Nanyang Railroad and Mining Speciality School
1002:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1509.
778:
587:
540:and made him head of communications, one of
338:in 1949, Li served for three decades in the
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1103:. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.
362:
2538:Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
1521:
1507:
1210:
1196:
1023:
1021:
1019:
336:founding of the People's Republic of China
60:
965:
442:
271:, as a student in Shanghai he joined the
1117:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1034:. Chinese University Press. p. 45.
989:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
2483:Chinese expatriates in the Soviet Union
1016:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
235:
2465:
1028:Barbara Barnouin; Yu Changgen (2006).
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
791:, who later became a vice-premier and
615:In Moscow, Li planned to study at the
560:, the turncoat who had betrayed Peng.
89:October 1973 – September 1981
1502:
1288:Ministers of Foreign Economic Liaison
1191:
1048:
942:
502:Central Special Operations Division (
917:
718:From 1949 to the Cultural Revolution
520:; known by its Chinese abbreviation
1067:
874:
667:and many other weapons. During the
596:. Thanks to the quick reactions of
473:Third Rebellion of Shanghai Workers
163:Beijing, People's Republic of China
13:
840:). They had two sons, Li Yanming (
407:. He studied at Zongwen School in
14:
2559:
457:Shanghai International Settlement
447:Li became a Communist during the
357:
1068:Yao, Huafei (3 September 2017).
829:
556:, but successfully assassinated
471:in July 1926 to prepare for the
267:Born into a prominent family in
76:Minister of Foreign Trade of the
1097:James Reardon-Anderson (2003).
799:defence. After the fall of the
722:After the establishment of the
2493:Chinese people of World War II
920:"共和国部长李强：从特工到军工局长到外贸部长，一生不违党命"
918:Guan, Xuehui (25 April 2017).
852:), and a daughter, Li Xiaotu (
834:Li was married to Wei Huantu (
795:member, served as his deputy.
742:
463:(CCP) in August 1925 and made
436:
420:
226:
1:
868:
669:Yan'an Rectification Movement
291:in 1927, Li was recruited by
1031:Zhou Enlai: A Political Life
926:(in Chinese). Archived from
737:Ministry of National Defense
171:Yushan Scenic Area, Changshu
7:
1431:Ministers of Internal Trade
820:Central Advisory Commission
733:Chinese Academy of Sciences
647:After the beginning of the
548:'s assassination team, and
262:Chinese Academy of Sciences
10:
2564:
2488:Chinese military engineers
1249:Ministers of Foreign Trade
824:National People's Congress
724:People's Republic of China
713:People's Republic of China
512:massacred them in Shanghai
205:High school affiliated to
78:People's Republic of China
37:
20:
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2134:
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1308:
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1171:. Springer. p. 166.
854:
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779:Minister of Foreign Trade
588:Exile in the Soviet Union
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395:
389:) with the courtesy name
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350:and secretly visited the
340:Ministry of Foreign Trade
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40:Li Qiang (disambiguation)
2513:Deaths from liver cancer
996:Cathal J. Nolan (2002).
753:People's Liberation Army
649:Second Sino-Japanese War
431:, and studied under the
363:Early life and education
316:Second Sino-Japanese War
289:massacred the Communists
2548:Politicians from Suzhou
806:Li was a member of the
461:Chinese Communist Party
451:, which began when the
429:language of instruction
273:Chinese Communist Party
1131:Gene T. Hsiao (1977).
861:Li was diagnosed with
449:May Thirtieth Movement
443:May Thirtieth Movement
277:May Thirtieth Movement
1456:Ministers of Commerce
1367:Ministers of Commerce
405:disciple of Confucius
2518:People from Changshu
846:) and Li Xiaoqiang (
1161:Priscilla Roberts;
749:Cultural Revolution
536:recruited him into
488:Northern Expedition
379:. Originally named
930:on 4 December 2022
818:, and of the 12th
707:Xinhua News Agency
435:elder Ye Chucang (
332:Xinhua News Agency
2460:
2459:
1496:
1495:
1451:
1450:
1355:
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1226:Minister of Trade
1178:978-3-319-51250-1
1144:978-0-520-03257-6
1110:978-0-521-53325-6
1041:978-962-996-244-9
1009:978-0-313-32383-6
765:Ho Chi Minh trail
699:Chinese Civil War
665:grenade launchers
352:Ho Chi Minh trail
324:Chinese Civil War
275:(CCP) during the
250:military engineer
243:Chinese Communist
216:
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157:29 September 1996
141:26 September 1905
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309:rhombic antenna
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176:Political party
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2081:Zhang Jingyue
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2019:
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1991:Qian Chongshu
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1966:Liu Chengzhao
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1856:Chen Huanyong
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1738:Liang Shuquan
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1692:Zhou Tongqing
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1682:Zhao Zhongyao
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1642:Wang Xianghao
1640:
1638:
1637:Wang Ganchang
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1617:Qian Weichang
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1547:Chen Jiangong
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1242:Foreign trade
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1102:
1101:
1093:
1077:
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1075:Xinmin Wanbao
1071:
1070:"中共特科奇才李强（下）"
1064:
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830:Personal life
827:
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794:
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786:
776:
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769:South Vietnam
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762:
761:North Vietnam
758:
754:
750:
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738:
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708:
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690:
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684:Qian Zhiguang
679:
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670:
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662:
661:Type 79 rifle
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657:arms industry
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574:Deng Xiaoping
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496:arms industry
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344:North Vietnam
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246:revolutionary
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2447:Zhou Zhihong
2417:Zhang Deqing
2407:Yang Tingbao
2377:Tao Hengxian
2342:Liu Xianzhou
2302:Jin Shuliang
2249:Zhang Wenyou
2244:Yu Jianzhang
2209:Tu Changwang
2189:Pei Wenzhong
2184:Meng Xianmin
2169:Huang Jiqing
2111:Zhong Huilan
2106:Zheng Wanjun
2056:Xiao Longyou
2031:Wang Yinglai
2011:Tang Peisong
1996:Qin Renchang
1876:Cheng Dan'an
1831:Bei Shizhang
1824:and Medicine
1808:Zhao Chenggu
1793:Zeng Zhaolun
1783:Yuan Hanqing
1778:Yu Hongzheng
1773:Yang Shixian
1723:Huang Ziqing
1718:Huang Minlon
1713:Hou Xianglin
1687:Zhou Peiyuan
1607:Qian Linzhao
1443:Chen Bangzhu
1438:Zhang Haoruo
1396:
1321:Zheng Tuobin
1279:Zheng Tuobin
1269:Bai Xiangguo
1167:
1133:
1099:
1092:
1080:. Retrieved
1078:(in Chinese)
1073:
1030:
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991:
979:. Retrieved
975:the original
932:. Retrieved
928:the original
923:
863:liver cancer
860:
833:
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785:Bai Xiangguo
782:
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610:Soviet Union
605:
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534:Gu Shunzhang
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421:南洋路矿专科学校附属中学
390:
381:Zeng Peihong
380:
377:Qing dynasty
366:
334:. After the
313:
305:Soviet Union
301:Gu Shunzhang
296:
266:
254:secret agent
236:
234:
218:
217:
159:(1996-09-29)
131:Zeng Peihong
112:Zheng Tuobin
107:Succeeded by
100:Bai Xiangguo
84:
30:
23:Chinese name
18:
2478:1996 deaths
2473:1905 births
2387:Wang Huzhen
2382:Wang Daheng
2357:Qian Lingxi
2347:Mao Yisheng
2337:Liu Dunzhen
2307:Lei Tianjue
2297:Huang Wenxi
2277:Cai Fangyin
2224:Xie Jiarong
2219:Xia Jianbai
2194:Si Xingjian
2116:Zhou Zezhao
2091:Zhang Xijun
2016:Tong Dizhou
2001:Shen Qizhen
1976:Luo Zongluo
1971:Liu Chongle
1956:Lin Qiaozhi
1926:Jin Shanbao
1921:Huang Jiasi
1906:Feng Zefang
1891:Deng Shuqun
1886:Dai Song'en
1881:Dai Fanglan
1866:Chen Wengui
1841:Cai Banghua
1788:Yun Ziqiang
1758:Tang Aoqing
1753:Qian Zhidao
1677:Zhang Yuzhe
1672:Yu Ruihuang
1602:Peng Huanwu
1577:Jiang Zehan
1567:Hua Luogeng
1540:and Physics
1538:Mathematics
1488:Wang Wentao
1478:Gao Hucheng
1473:Chen Deming
1387:Cheng Zihua
1383:Yang Yichen
1256:Ye Jizhuang
1233:Ye Jizhuang
924:Thepaper.cn
757:Vietnam War
747:During the
743:Vietnam War
697:During the
687: [
676: [
631:. However,
532:, Zhou and
476: [
348:Vietnam War
346:during the
314:During the
258:academician
146:, Jiangsu,
95:Preceded by
27:family name
2467:Categories
2437:Zhao Feike
2392:Wang Zhixi
2367:Shi Zhiren
2292:Hou Debang
2259:Zhu Kezhen
2239:Yin Zanxun
2199:Sun Yunzhu
2179:Li Siguang
2159:Hou Defeng
2144:Cheng Yuqi
2121:Zhu Futang
2061:Yang Weiyi
2051:Wu Zhengyi
2046:Wu Yingkai
2041:Wu Xianwen
2026:Wang Jiaji
1981:Ma Wenzhao
1941:Li Qingkui
1936:Li Lianjie
1901:Feng Depei
1798:Zhang Dayu
1768:Wu Xuezhou
1743:Liu Dagang
1733:Fangxun Li
1647:Wang Zhuxi
1592:Lu Xueshan
1587:Li Guoping
1557:Ge Tingsui
1552:Duan Xuefu
1483:Zhong Shan
1326:Li Lanqing
1316:Chen Muhua
1300:Chen Muhua
1261:Lin Haiyun
971:"Li Qiang"
869:References
773:Red Guards
729:Mao Zedong
625:Luo Yinong
621:Liu Shaoqi
530:Green Gang
526:Zhou Enlai
524:), led by
433:Kuomintang
403:, a major
293:Zhou Enlai
285:Kuomintang
237:Li Ch'iang
231:Wade–Giles
189:Wei Huantu
137:1905-09-26
66:Li in 1923
2452:Zhu Wuhua
2432:Zhang Wei
2412:Ye Zhupei
2397:Wu Xuelin
2322:Li Wencai
2312:Li Guohao
2174:Le Senxun
2154:He Zuolin
2149:Gu Gongxu
2066:Ye Juquan
1931:Li Jidong
1916:Hu Jingfu
1896:Ding Ying
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1728:Ji Yufeng
1701:Chemistry
1652:Wu Youxun
1632:Su Buqing
1627:Shi Ruwei
1622:Rao Yutai
1572:Huang Kun
1463:Lü Fuyuan
1408:Yao Yilin
1392:Yao Yilin
1374:Zeng Shan
793:Politburo
789:Yao Yilin
673:Shen Hong
633:Wang Ming
629:Ren Bishi
602:Li Kenong
570:Hong Kong
566:telegraph
550:Chen Geng
492:Guangzhou
264:in 1955.
202:Education
85:In office
2442:Zhou Ren
2372:Sun Dehe
2317:Li Qiang
2270:Sciences
2137:Sciences
1961:Lin Rong
1951:Liang Xi
1846:Cai Qiao
1836:Bing Zhi
1763:Wang You
1748:Lu Jiaxi
1667:Ye Qisun
1662:Yan Jici
1657:Xu Baolu
1597:Ma Dayou
1468:Bo Xilai
1417:Wang Lei
1413:Jin Ming
1404:Wang Lei
1401:Fan Ziyu
1379:Chen Yun
1274:Li Qiang
1264:(acting)
1165:(2017).
554:Peng Pai
469:grenades
465:dynamite
413:Shanghai
409:Hangzhou
369:Changshu
269:Changshu
219:Li Qiang
194:Children
144:Changshu
49:Li Qiang
21:In this
2402:Yan Kai
2214:Wu Heng
2204:Tian Qi
2076:Yu Dafu
1986:Pan Shu
1708:Fu Ying
1582:Ke Zhao
1562:Hu Ning
1423:Hu Ping
1295:Fang Yi
582:Guangxi
558:Bai Xin
517:中央特别行动科
455:of the
427:as its
425:English
373:Jiangsu
260:of the
223:Chinese
2327:Li Xun
2229:Xu Jie
2126:Zhu Xi
2036:Wei Xi
1420:Liu Yi
1397:vacant
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1141:
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814:, and
653:Yan'an
627:, and
453:police
401:Zengzi
391:Youfan
320:Yan'an
287:(KMT)
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225::
186:Spouse
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2135:Earth
2021:Tu Ye
1342:Wu Yi
1082:9 May
981:4 May
934:4 May
691:]
680:]
594:Wuhan
490:from
480:]
1173:ISBN
1139:ISBN
1105:ISBN
1084:2018
1036:ISBN
1004:ISBN
983:2018
936:2018
812:10th
682:and
606:Teke
600:and
546:Teke
542:Teke
538:Teke
522:Teke
504:Teke
467:and
297:Teke
154:Died
127:Born
858:).
855:李小图
849:李小强
843:李延明
837:魏环图
808:9th
580:in
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437:叶楚伧
386:曾培洪
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252:,
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