Li Maozhen - Knowledge

892:), making Li Maozhen the military governor of Xichuan to replace Wang, and making Li Sizhou the military governor of Fengxiang to replace Li Maozhen. Both Wang and Li Maozhen refused to follow the edict, and Li Maozhen further refused to let Li Sizhou to reach Fengxiang by putting Li Sizhou under siege at Fengtian. Only after Han wrote Li Maozhen did Li Maozhen lift the siege on Fengtian to allow Li Sizhou to return to Hua. (Li Sizhou — and 10 other princes — however, did not escape death. Soon after Li Sizhou's return to Hua, Li Jiepi returned from Hedong, thus exposing the fact that Li Keyong was in no shape to aid the emperor. With that possibility gone, Han slaughtered the imperial princes, including Li Sizhou, Li Jiepi, and Emperor Zhaozong's uncle 829:

Keyong to concentrate on attacking Wang Xingyu. Emperor Zhaozong then declared a general campaign against Wang Xingyu and stripped him of all of his titles. Li Maozhen, despite sending the emissaries to the emperor and Li Keyong, sent troops to aid Wang. Li Keyong thus asked Emperor Zhaozong to extend the campaign to Li Maozhen as well. Emperor Zhaozong disagreed, but issued an edict ordering Li Maozhen to withdraw. By winter 895, Wang Xingyu abandoned his capital Bin Prefecture and fled; he was killed in flight by his own officers; his head was delivered to Chang'an and presented to Emperor Zhaozong. At Li Keyong's recommendations, Emperor Zhaozong commissioned the imperial guard general Su Wenjian (

1336:), was in secret communications with Qi, Emperor Taizu ordered Wang to commit suicide and slaughtered Wang's family. When Emperor Taizu subsequently summoned Liu Zhijun so that he could discuss a campaign against Jin with Liu Zhijun, Liu Zhijun became convinced that he would be executed. He therefore surrendered to Qi and made a surprise attack on Chang'an, capturing it and delivering Liu Han to Fengxiang to be executed. Liu Zhijun's subsequent optimistic goal of joining Qi and Jin forces to attack Luoyang, however, was dashed when the Later Liang general 1161:

back to Li Jihui. Their joint forces, claiming that Zhu was about to usurp the Tang throne, then headed toward Chang'an. Zhu, believing that his own hold on Chang'an was tenuous, reacted by destroying the palace and most buildings in Chang'an, and forcing Emperor Zhaozong and the people of Chang'an to relocate east, making Luoyang the new capital. Meanwhile, Wang joined Li Maozhen's call for return of the emperor to Chang'an and entered into a peace agreement with Li Maozhen, and Wang gave a daughter in marriage to Li Maozhen's nephew Li Jichong (

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forcing Li Maoxun to surrender. With his northern territories lost to Zhu and southern territories lost to Wang Jian, Li Maozhen saw no other alternative but to negotiate with Zhu, and he began secret negotiations. In spring 903, Li Maozhen secretly met with Emperor Zhaozong alone (i.e., without eunuchs in attendance) and proposed to slaughter Han and the other leading eunuchs to seek peace with Zhu. Li Maozhen subsequently carried out the slaughter and delivered the heads to Zhu. After negotiating marriages between his son Li Jikan (

910:) the commander of the operations against Li Maozhen, but it appeared that Zhang was either unable or unwilling to attack Li Maozhen, for there was no further record of what Zhang did in the campaign. Emperor Zhaozong also stripped Li Maozhen of his titles and his imperially-bestowed name of Li Maozhen, referring to him as Song Wentong again. (After Emperor Zhaozong's declaration of the campaign against Li Maozhen, Li Jitang abandoned Kuangguo and fled back to Fengxiang; Han thereafter took over Kuangguo as well.) 584:) the military governor of Kuangguo Circuit (匡國, headquartered in modern Weinan as well), requesting that a campaign be launched against the Yangs and that Li Maozhen be made the commander of the operations. Emperor Zhaozong, concerned that if Li Maozhen defeated the Yangs, he would be even more difficult to control, initially ordered that the sides negotiate. However, Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu, ignoring the edict, launched the campaign, and Li Maozhen wrote disrespectful letters to the chancellor 1024:

of the Shence Army. Emperor Zhaozong, while not removing Cui from his chancellor position, removed him from his secondary post as the director of the salt and iron monopolies. This incident, however, made Cui aware that the eunuchs knew what it was up to, and he thus sent a secret letter to Zhu requesting him to come with an army to Chang'an to slaughter the eunuchs. When Han and Zhang became aware that Zhu was coming to Chang'an, they forcibly seized Emperor Zhaozong and took him to Fengxiang.

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letter used an arrogant tone, considering himself an uncle. (That was because when both Li Maozhen and Li Keyong were granted the Tang imperial clan name of Li, they were both adopted into Tang imperial prince heritages in the same generation, and therefore were technically cousins.) However, after Emperor Zhuangzong subsequently entered Luoyang and made it his capital, Li Maozhen became apprehensive that he might become the Later Tang emperor's next target. In spring 924, he thus sent his son

774:), who had coveted Huguo, persuaded Wang Xingyu, Li Maozhen, and Han to submit a petition recommending that Wang Gong be given Huguo and Wang Ke be given Baoyi. Emperor Zhaozong, citing Li Keyong's support for Wang Ke's succession (as Wang Ke was his son-in-law), refused. Thereafter, Li Maozhen, Wang Xingyu, and Han marched on the capital and put, against Emperor Zhaozong's orders, Li Xi and Wei to death. They then considered deposing Emperor Zhaozong and replacing him with his brother Li Bao ( 680:

Emperor Zhaozong deriding him for being unable to defeat the Yangs and unable to control the warlords, and harshly-worded letters to Du Rangneng. Emperor Zhaozong, in anger, decided to prepare a campaign against Li Maozhen, disregarding Du's analysis that the imperial government had insufficient strength to defeat Li Maozhen at that time and further putting Du in charge of planning the operations. Li Maozhen, however, found out what Emperor Zhaozong was planning, as Du's fellow chancellor,

864:) the Prince of Yan to arrange the affairs with Li Keyong. However, as Hedong was far from Chang'an, and Han was then inviting Emperor Zhaozong to head to Hua Prefecture, Emperor Zhaozong decided to accept the invitation and head for Hua Prefecture instead, making it the location of his temporary palace. Li Maozhen entered Chang'an and burned the palace and other office buildings, although he subsequently submitted an apologetic petition and offered to repair the palaces and the offices. 693:) the Prince of Qin in command of a 30,000-men army to escort Xu to Fengxiang. Li Maozhen and Wang, however, gathered 60,000 well-seasoned veterans of their own to defend against the attack. Before the armies could engage each other, Li Sizhou's army, made of new soldiers with no combat experience, collapsed. Li Maozhen approached Chang'an to threaten Emperor Zhaozong, who claimed that the campaign was Ximen Junsui's idea and executed him and fellow eunuchs Li Zhoutong ( 1124:) falsely surrender to Fengxiang forces and claim that the Xuanwu forces were so stricken by illness that they had secretly withdrawn. Li Maozhen, believing Ma's false information, exited the city to try to chase after Zhu to attack him — and fell into the trap that Zhu had set with his hidden armies. The Fengxiang forces suffered great losses. It was said that it was after this point that Li Maozhen became fearful and began to consider surrendering the emperor to Zhu. 1020:

explain his reasons to Emperor Zhaozong. At Han Quanhui's request, Emperor Zhaozong permitted him to do so. When Li Maozhen got to Chang'an, Han entered into an alliance with him. Cui, realizing this, began to see Li Maozhen as an enemy and began to ally with Zhu, particularly since Li Maozhen was also displeased at Cui's attempt to have the chancellors take over the Shence Army under the argument that doing so would curb the warlords' power.

1362:) the military governor of Shuofang sought aid from Later Liang, Emperor Taizu sent Kang Huaizhen to attack Jingnan in order to force Liu to stop the attack. Kang quickly captured three of Jingnan's prefectures, but when Liu returned, he fell into a trap laid by Liu and suffered great losses. After the battle, despite the limited territory he held, Li Maozhen made Liu the military governor of Zhangyi. 1016:) (who was formerly the eunuch monitor of the Fengxiang army). Meanwhile, when Zhu attacked Huguo Circuit around the same time, and Wang Ke sought aid from both Li Keyong and Li Maozhen, Li Keyong was unable to save him because his path was cut off by another army of Zhu's, and Li Maozhen did not act at all. Zhu was able to force Wang Ke to surrender, adding Huguo to the territory he controlled. 720:). Li Maozhen thus controlled four circuits (Fengxiang, Shannan West, Wuding, and Tianxiong (through Li Maozhuang)), containing 15 prefectures. In spring 894, he went to Chang'an, ostensibly to pay tribute to Emperor Zhaozong, but used the chance to put on a demonstration of the grandeur of his guard troops. He stayed at Chang'an for a few days before returning to Fengxiang. 1508:

in which he requested that he be allowed to be a simple subject — in other words, that Emperor Zhuangzong no longer omit his name in edicts. Emperor Zhuangzong declined. He subsequently created Li Maozhen the Prince of Qin, still not referring to him by name and still not requiring him to bow to the imperial emissaries sent to declare this new creation.

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destruction would destroy a power balance and made it impossible to control Li Keyong. Therefore, while Emperor Zhaozong bestowed a number of honors on Li Keyong and his subordinates, including the title of Prince of Jin on Li Keyong, he denied Li Keyong permission to attack Li Maozhen. Li Keyong subsequently withdrew from the

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ingratiating themselves with Li Maozhen and Wang, such that they were able to force Emperor Zhaozong's actions by requesting Li Maozhen and Wang to demand Emperor Zhaozong to carry them out. Emperor Zhaozong also formally made Li Maozhen the military governor of both Fengxiang and Shannan West, as well as acting

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on him, while he honored Li Maozhen by referring him only by his formal title of Prince of Qi, not by his name, in edicts. After Li Jiyan returned to Fengxiang, he relayed to Li Maozhen what he saw — that the Later Tang army was great in its strength. Li Maozhen, in fear, submitted another petition

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Zhu subsequently approached Fengxiang again. In summer 902, Li Maozhen tried to take back the initiative by gathering his own troops and exiting the city, to engage Zhu at Guo County (虢縣, in modern Baoji), but was defeated at the loss of thousands of his men. Zhu, after having his officer Kong Qing

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Zhu Quanzhong quickly arrived at Chang'an, took the imperial officials who remained there under his protection, and then headed for Fengxiang. Li Maozhen had Emperor Zhaozong issue an edict ordering Zhu to return to Xuanwu; Zhu initially reacted by leaving Fengxiang, but then instead headed north to

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In 896, Li Maozhen, apprehensive that Emperor Zhaozong was rebuilding the imperial guards and putting the imperial princes in command of them, submitted a number of petitions against doing so, to no avail. Li Maozhen thus launched his army and approached the capital, defeating the army that Emperor

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In 887, when Emperor Xizong stopped at Fengxiang on his way back to Chang'an at the request of Li Changfu (who had also turned against Zhu), the imperial guards got into a confrontation with Li Changfu's troops, which turned into a full battle at Fengxiang. The imperial guards defeated Li Changfu's

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quickly arrived at Chang'an and recaptured it from the Qi forces that had taken up defensive positions there. Liu Zhijun was forced to flee to Fengxiang, with his own territory falling back into Later Liang control. Li Maozhen honored Liu Zhijun greatly, but as Qi territories were greatly reduced

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Through these years, Later Liang's Emperor Taizu had been reliant on Liu Zhijun, who was then the military governor of Zhongwu Circuit (忠武, i.e., formerly Kuangguo), to defend against these Qi and Jin incursions; he had thus bestowed many honors on Liu. Nevertheless, Liu had become apprehensive of

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In spring 904, Zhu, suspecting Cui of planning to reorganize the imperial guards in order to oppose him, killed Cui. Hearing this news, Yang Chongben, who had been angry that Zhu had raped his wife during the time that his wife was a hostage of Zhu's, resubmitted to Li Maozhen and changed his name

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By fall 901, the situation had become tense at Chang'an, as Cui and Emperor Zhaozong had been planning a general slaughter of the eunuchs, but Han and Zhang had become aware of the plan, and thereafter had the soldiers surround the palace and claim that Cui was unduly reducing the clothing stipends

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and repeatedly requesting Emperor Zhaozong to move the capital there, he and Han Jian decided to have their soldiers jointly repair the palace and the imperial offices at Chang'an to beg Emperor Zhaozong for forgiveness. Emperor Zhaozong, in response, issued an edict ending the campaign against Li

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In spring 893, Li Maozhen submitted a petition to Emperor Zhaozong stating that he was willing to be the military governor of Shannan West — apparently believing that Emperor Zhaozong would allow him to govern both Fengxiang and Shannan West. Instead, Emperor Zhaozong, who wanted to take Fengxiang

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as its Emperor Zhuangzong, finally achieved total victory against Later Liang, capturing its capital Daliang; Zhu Zhen committed suicide before Later Tang forces could capture him, ending Later Liang. Upon hearing the news, Li Maozhen sent emissaries to congratulate Emperor Zhuangzong, but in the

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the military governor of Shannan Circuit (i.e., formerly Shannan West), to attack Qi. The Former Shu forces quickly achieved several victories over Qi forces. However, a counterattack by Liu Zhijun and Li Jichong subsequently defeated Former Shu forces; they then approached Xingyuan. The Former

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In 911, Wang Jian's daughter, who had married Li Jichong and who had been bestowed the title of Princess Puci, sent messengers to Wang, accusing Li Jichong of being arrogant and drunk. Wang thereafter sent a summons to Princess Puci, ostensibly asking her to come home just for a visit. After she

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By this point, Zhu had concluded that Emperor Zhaozong was a liability to him — as the warlords opposing him all made the public announcement that the emperor should be rescued and returned to Chang'an, and he was fearful that the emperor might secretly coordinate his actions with theirs to oppose

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the acting military governor of Dongchuan Circuit (東川, headquartered in modern Mianyang), who were previously allies, had a break (over Wang's apparent attempt to take over Dongchuan), Li Maozhen also recommended to Emperor Zhaozong that Gu be made full military governor; Emperor Zhaozong followed

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Li Maozhen, knowing that his state of Qi was weak, did not dare to declare himself emperor. Nevertheless, he took on many trappings of an emperor, including establishing an Office of the Prince of Qi that had a large number of officials bearing titles akin to imperial officials, referring to his

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By winter 902, Fengxiang had nearly completely exhausted its food supplies, such that the people resorted to cannibalism. Li Maozhen's further attempts to fight out of the siege were repelled. Further, when Li Maoxun made another attempt to aid Fengxiang, Zhu counterattacked and captured Baoda,

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While at Hua Prefecture, Emperor Zhaozong considered a counterattack against Li Maozhen. However, as Han gained great influence over the affairs of the court by virtue of his own army's presence at Hua and had long been an ally of Li Maozhen's, he dissuaded Emperor Zhaozong from launching such a

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the military governor of Fengxiang. Apparently to placate Li Maozhen, as part of the edict, two prefectures (Lang and Guo (果州, in modern Nanchong)) were made part of Wuding. Still, Li Maozhen, disappointed at being stripped of Fengxiang, refused to comply. He further sent arrogant petitions to

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referred to as "empress." It was said that he continued to have the support of his soldiers by being lenient and open with them, but as a result his army lacked military discipline. Indeed, it was said that his army was so weakened by this point that, in 908, when Li Keyong's son and successor

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the military governor of Rongzhao Circuit (戎昭, i.e., Jinshang). Wang Jian, meanwhile, tried to play both sides, as he publicly denounced Li Maozhen and offered assistance to Zhu, while secretly sending messengers to Fengxiang to encourage Li Maozhen to hold out — yet sent his adoptive sons Wang

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Meanwhile, to reduce the financial independence of the Shence Army, Cui issued an order that the Shence Army, along with the nearby circuits, no longer be given monopolies on the sale of yeast. Li Maozhen, however, was unwilling to give up the yeast monopoly, and requested to go to Chang'an to

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Later in the year, Emperor Zhaozong made another attempt to take back Fengxiang. Li Maozhen had submitted a petition accusing Wang Jian of attacking Dongchuan against imperial orders. Emperor Zhaozong reacted by issuing an edict demoting Wang to be the prefect of Nan Prefecture (南州, in modern

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Li Keyong then advanced to Jingnan's Liyuan Camp (黎園寨, in modern Xianyang). Hearing of Li Keyong's victory there, Li Maozhen, fearful, executed Li Jipeng and presented his head to Emperor Zhaozong to beg for forgiveness, and also wrote Li Keyong to seek peace. Emperor Zhaozong thus ordered Li

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of the campaign, Li Maozhen insisted that Du must be executed as well before he would withdraw. Emperor Zhaozong was forced to order Du to commit suicide. It was said that from this point on, Emperor Zhaozong could no longer independently govern — that both imperial officials and eunuchs were

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In fall 916, Wang Jian launched another major attack on Fengxiang, this time putting Fengxiang under siege. The Qi forces defended the city and refused to engage Former Shu forces. When a snowstorm hampered the Former Shu attack, Former Shu forces withdrew, but by this point, in effect, Qi's

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Municipality and had it under siege, with the situation being so desperate that Li Keyong even considered abandoning Taiyuan and fleeing; eventually, Taiyuan's defenses held, but the damage to Li Keyong's army was so severe that it was said for several years Li Keyong did not dare to seriously

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region (i.e., Chang'an's environs) and returned to Hedong. It was said that while Li Keyong was in the region, Li Maozhen and Han were respectful to the emperor in their words, but that as soon as Li Keyong withdrew, they returned to arrogance. Li Maozhen also captured some territory in the

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Li Keyong then secretly suggested to Emperor Zhaozong that a campaign be launched against Li Maozhen, warning the emperor that without Li Maozhen's destruction, the imperial government would not be safe. However, Emperor Zhaozong and the imperial officials were concerned that Li Maozhen's

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In fall 894, Li Maozhen attacked Lang Prefecture and captured it. Yang Fugong, Yang Shouliang, and Yang Shouxin were forced to flee. Eventually, in their attempt to flee to Li Keyong's Hedong Circuit, they were intercepted by Han Jian's troops and delivered to Chang'an to be executed.

780:) the Prince of Ji. However, at this point, they heard that Li Keyong had mobilized his army and was preparing to march against them, so they, after leaving 2,000 soldiers each at Chang'an to watch over the emperor, returned to their circuits to prepare to defend against Li Keyong. 1459:) attacked Qin Prefecture, Li Jichong surrendered; Liu, hearing that Tianxiong had fallen, and that his family had been taken to Chengdu, lifted the siege on Bin Prefecture and fled to Former Shu. Meanwhile, Qi's military governor of Yisheng Circuit (義勝, headquartered in modern 627:) Prefectures (both in modern Hanzhong), and had his relatives take over as prefects of those prefectures. Soon thereafter, he captured Xingyuan, forcing Yang Fugong, Yang Shouliang, Yang Shouxin, Yang Shouzhen, Yang Shouzhong, and Man to flee to Lang Prefecture (閬州, in modern 1419:

Shu forces, in panic, considered abandoning Xingyuan, but Tang refused to do so. Subsequent counterattacks by Former Shu forces repelled the Qi attack, forcing Qi forces to withdraw. Thereafter, due to the false accusations of Li Maozhen's attendant Shi Jianyong (

594:). Emperor Zhaozong, concerned that Li Maozhen may slaughter the people of Shannan West without imperial sanction, made Li Maozhen the commander of the operations against the Yangs. Subsequently, when Emperor Zhaozong killed the imperial guard officer Li Shunjie ( 935:

Maozhen in spring 898 and restoring his imperially-bestowed name of Li Maozhen and his title as military governor of Fengxiang, and later in the year making him additionally the military governor of Zhangyi. Emperor Zhaozong subsequently returned to Chang'an.

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troops, and Li Changfu fled to Long Prefecture (隴州, in modern Baoji), which was part of Fengxiang Circuit. Emperor Xizong put Li Maozhen in command of an army attacking Long. Later in the year, under Li Maozhen's attack, Li Maozhen's subordinate Xue Zhichou (

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eunuchs.) Thereafter, Emperor Zhaozong had Zhu send a letter to Li Maozhen demanding the return of Princess Pingyuan; Li Maozhen did not dare another confrontation, and returned her to Emperor Zhaozong. Li Maozhen also offered to be relieved of the title of

684:, was an ally of both Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu and was secretly revealing the events at court to them. Li Maozhen tried to ward of Emperor Zhaozong's plans by mobilizing supporters at Chang'an to protest the campaign, but Emperor Zhaozong was not swayed. 994:) carried out a countercoup, killing the four top eunuchs and restoring Emperor Zhaozong to the throne. After this incident, Li Maozhen went to Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Zhaozong. Emperor Zhaozong thereafter bestowed the titles of acting 1425:), Li Maozhen stripped Liu of his command for some time, but subsequently at Li Jichong's urging, Li Maozhen executed Shi to comfort Liu. Thereafter, at Li Jichong's invitation, Liu relocated his family to Tianxiong's capital Qin Prefecture ( 788:

Meanwhile, Li Keyong launched his army and issued a harshly-worded declaration against Li Maozhen, Wang Xingyu, and Han Jian, accusing them of wrongly killing Wei Zhaodu and Li Xi. He quickly defeated and killed Wang Gong's brother Wang Yao

1250:. However, after Qi forces were defeated by Liu Zhijun at Mu Valley (幕谷, in modern Xianyang), all three states withdrew. Later in the year, Qi's military governor of Baosai Circuit (保塞, headquartered in modern Yan'an), Hu Jingzhang ( 1052:(i.e., Hua Hong, whom Wang had adopted as a son by that point) toward Fengxiang, claiming to want to welcome the emperor to his realm, but instead was intending to capture Shannan West from Li Maozhen. Li Keyong did have his nephew 1511:

Later in the year, Li Maozhen died. In his final petition to Emperor Zhuangzong, he requested that Li Jiyan be allowed to retain Fengxiang. Emperor Zhuangzong subsequently confirmed Li Jiyan as the military governor of Fengxiang.

294:, who had seized Chengde Circuit and rebelled against the imperial government, as Li Huan eventually fought his way out of attacks by Wang and took his army to the Chang'an region. Song Wentong's grandfather was named Song Duo ( 2387:, vol. 266. However, as she bore his oldest son Li Jiyan and three other sons, it appeared very likely that she was in fact Li Maozhen's wife and empress, particularly given that Li Maozhen's tombstone referred to her as wife. 1033:

attack Jingnan (which was then governed by Li Jihui). Li Jihui surrendered to Zhu, changed his name back to his birth name of Yang Chongben, and was allowed to remain at Jingnan. Yang sent his wife as a hostage to Zhu.

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to avoid being captured. Meanwhile, Li Keyong, hearing that the two circuits were fighting to control the emperor, quickly advanced on Chang'an and forced the two circuits' soldiers to flee back to their own circuits.

252:) of Fengxiang, but as Li Jiyan was not made the Prince of Qi or Qin at that point (although he would receive both of those titles later in his life), this was typically viewed as the end of Qi as an independent state. 858:

Zhaozong sent under Li Sizhou's command to defend against the attack. Emperor Zhaozong thus fled the capital with the imperial princes and officials, initially planning to flee to Hedong, and he sent Li Jiepi (

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the new military governor of Jingnan; Qi was unable to regain Jingnan thereafter, as an attempt by Liu to recapture it initially resulted in a stalemate. Subsequently, when the Former Shu general Wang Zonghan

468:) the prefect of Long slaughtered Li Changfu and his family and then surrendered. Subsequently, Emperor Xizong made Li Maozhen the military governor of Fengxiang and gave him the honorary chancellor title of 2382:

It is not completely clear that Lady Liu was indeed Li Maozhen's wife and therefore his empress, as the historical accounts indicating that Li Maozhen created his wife empress did not mention her name. See

1107:), and forced to withdraw. Meanwhile, Li Jimi, under attack by Xichuan forces, was forced to surrender to Wang Jian, and Shannan West and Wuding (which surrendered soon thereafter) became Wang's territory. 1401:

Li Maozhen thereafter gathered his troops, posturing a potential attack against Former Shu. Wang Jian reacted by gathering 120,000 men and putting them under the commands of his adoptive sons Wang Zongyou

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Despite Yang's having supported him to be emperor, Emperor Zhaozong eventually had a fallout with him. In 891, after Emperor Zhaozong suspected Yang of plotting a coup with his adoptive nephew Yang Shouxin

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In 918, Li Maozhen sent emissaries to again seek peace with Former Shu. It is not clear how Wang Jian received the peace proposal. However, after Wang Jian's death later that year, his son and successor

1144:(an ally of Li Maozhen's), Li Maozhen opened the city gates and surrendered the emperor to Zhu, who escorted the emperor back to Chang'an. (Thereafter, Zhu and Cui Yin carried out a general slaughter of 495:

the Prince of Shou, supported by Yang Fugong, became emperor (as Emperor Zhaozong). Emperor Zhaozong bestowed a number of honors on military governors, including the greater honorary chancellor title of

446:) to station themselves at Mount Datang (大唐峰, in modern Hanzhong) to defend against Wang Xingyu. Wang Xingyu was unable to advance and later, after enticement by Tian's successor and the leading eunuch 1036:

Meanwhile, Li Maozhen and Han Quanhui sent out various calls for help in Emperor Zhaozong's name. A number of eunuchs that Han sent to southeastern circuits were intercepted and executed by Zhu's ally

1208:) the Prince of Hongnong, and Wang Jian refused to acknowledge the Later Liang emperor, but after Wang judged it impossible for Tang to be rebuilt, he declared himself the emperor of a new state of 1503:

to submit tributes to Emperor Zhuangzong and to submit a petition in which he referred to himself as a Later Tang subject. Emperor Zhuangzong received Li Jiyan warmly and granted the title of

1006:, who was fearful that surviving eunuchs would make a comeback, Li Maozhen left 3,000 Fengxiang soldiers at Chang'an to counteract the Shence Army, which remained under the command of eunuchs 450:, turned against Zhu and killed him. Li Yun fled to Wang Chongrong's territory but was killed by Wang Chongrong. For Song's accomplishments, Emperor Xizong bestowed the imperial surname of 918:

Meanwhile, though, at this point, with Wang Jian continuing to pressure Gu Yanhui and Li Maozhen's being unable to face Wang on one side and the imperial government on the other, and with

230:). After Zhu usurped the Tang throne and established Later Liang, Li Maozhen refused to submit and continued to use the Tang-bestowed title of Prince of Qi as well as maintain the Tang 748:

Later in the year, however, another flareup would occur in the relationship between the imperial government and the Li Maozhen/Wang Xingyu/Han alliance. After the recent death of

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claimed to be a legitimate successor of Tang, Li Maozhen submitted as a subject and was created the Prince of Qin in 924. He died soon thereafter, and was succeeded as by his son

2643: 745:) on Wang), were planning a campaign against them. Wang and Li Maozhen thus submitted repeated petitions insisting on Li Xi's removal, and Emperor Zhaozong was forced to agree. 3367: 1118:. Gao further suggested that a decisive victory against Li Maozhen could be had by laying a trap for Li Maozhen. Zhu had his camps go quiet, and then had the soldier Ma Jing ( 820:), who commanded the Jingnan soldiers, wanted to seize the emperor and take him to their circuit. Emperor Zhaozong, as the two armies were engaging themselves, fled into the 272:) — but was clearly not born there, as his family had, for generations, belonged to the Boye Army, which originally belonged to Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern 658:

that recommendation. Thereafter, he sent Li Jimi to try to aid Gu, but after Xichuan troops defeated the joint Dongchuan/Fengxiang troops at Li Prefecture (利州, in modern

600:) — who had previously been an adoptive son of Yang Fugong's but who had revealed much of Yang Fugong's secrets to Emperor Zhaozong — and Li Shunjie's ally Jia Desheng ( 1285:) to Jin and Qi to inform them of the succession. Li Maozhen, thereafter, acting as the representative of the Tang emperor, bestowed on Yang Longyan the titles of 1431:). Over the next few years, continued battles were waged between Former Shu and Qi, with Former Shu repeatedly having success and gradually gaining Qi territory. 520:. There he declared a rebellion against Emperor Zhaozong with Yang Shouliang, Yang Shouxin, and other adoptive sons and adoptive nephews including Yang Shouzhong ( 548:) the prefect of Mian Prefecture (綿州, in modern Mianyang). In spring 892, Li Maozhen reacted by submitting a joint petition with his older brother Li Maozhuang ( 3411: 1486:

In 920, Former Shu launched another attack on Qi and initially achieved victories. However, when the Former Shu army's food supplies ran out, it withdrew.

1471:, seeing Qi's weakened state, also surrendered to Later Liang; Zhu Zhen had him restored to his birth family name of Wen and gave him a new name of Zhaotu. 2636: 458:

of Zhengchen ("rightful subject"). In spring 887, Emperor Xizong made him the military governor of Wuding Circuit (武定, headquartered in modern Hanzhong).

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arrived in Chengdu, however, Wang kept her at Chengdu and did not send her back to Li Jichong. Li Maozhen, in anger, ended his alliance with Former Shu.

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Meanwhile, the armies that Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu left at Chang'an got into a fight between themselves, as both Li Maozhen's adoptive son Li Jipeng (

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the military governor of Fengxiang, who had previously been allied with Tian, turned against Emperor Xizong as well and supported his distant relative

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The start of Li Maozhen's reign as the Prince of Qi depends on one's view of what constitutes "reigning." Li Maozhen was created the Prince of Qi by

3431: 1243:), Li Maozhen was not able to send any aid at all. (Li Cunxu was subsequently able to defeat Later Liang forces and lift the siege without Qi aid.) 675:

back under imperial control, issued an edict making Li Maozhen the military governor of Shannan West and Wuding Circuits while making the chancellor

3401: 3396: 3331: 2629: 1721:

901 and changed name back to Yang Chongben, changed name back to Li Jihui and resubmitted to Li Maozhen 904, poisoned to death in 914 by his son

795:) the prefect of Jiang Prefecture (絳州, in modern Yuncheng), who was allied with Wang Gong in the Wang Gong/Wang Ke dispute. He then crossed the 1356:), with the intention of using it to accommodate Liu and to serve as the supplier of horses and other livestock for the Qi army. When Han Xun ( 516:) and attacked his mansion, Yang fled to Shannan West Circuit (山南西道, headquartered at Xingyuan), which was then governed by his adoptive nephew 1302:) the new military governor of Baosai. However, hearing that Liu Wanzi was plotting to surrender to Later Liang, he had his officer Li Yantu ( 214:), and at times had effective control of Emperor Zhaozong. However, his power gradually waned due to defeats at the hands of fellow warlords 3363: 1189:

In 906, Li Maozhen sent Li Jikan to Xichuan as a hostage. Wang Jian made Li Jikan the prefect of Peng Prefecture (彭州, in modern Chengdu).

1177:) assassinate Emperor Zhaozong, and then, blaming the assassination on them, forced them to commit suicide. He had Emperor Zhaozong's son 1235:

the Prince of Jin tried to lift the siege that Later Liang forces were laying on Li Sizhao at Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern

752:(Wang Chongrong's brother and successor) the military governor of Huguo Circuit, the Huguo soldiers had supported Wang Chongying's nephew 615:) the military governor of Ganyi Circuit (感義, headquartered at Feng Prefecture) to flee to Xingyuan. Li Maozhen then also captured Xing ( 3436: 372:

In 886, Emperor Xizong, who had returned to Chang'an after Huang's defeat, was again forced to flee Chang'an, to Xingyuan (興元, in modern

3441: 1171:

Zhu. Believing that a new and younger emperor would be easier to control, in summer 904, Zhu had Shi and his adoptive son Zhu Yougong (

351:

to attack Zheng, Zheng repelled Shang; in that battle, Song distinguished himself, and thereafter was made a commander in the imperial

1330:) the military governor of Youguo Circuit (佑國, headquartered at Chang'an) that the former military governor of Youguo, Wang Chongshi ( 3456: 3426: 1468: 1246:

Later in 908, Qi and Former Shu forces jointly tried to capture Chang'an, and Jin also sent an army commanded by the eunuch general

1087:) capture Feng Prefecture, arrived at Fengxiang. He built five camps and had Fengxiang surrounded. Li Maozhen's cousin Li Maoxun ( 428:

to advance on Xingyuan to try to capture Emperor Xizong, and Wang Xingyu initially defeated the imperial guard general Yang Sheng (

896:

the Prince of Tong, and then claimed to Emperor Zhaozong that they were plotting treason.) Emperor Zhaozong did make Zhang Lian (

2652: 2004: 191: 234:, but his territory became even more reduced due to wars with Former Shu and Later Liang. After Later Liang was conquered by 3347: 3319: 3315: 1324:

the increasing volatility in Emperor Taizu's temper, particularly after, in summer 909, after the false report by Liu Han (

1110:

In fall 902, Zhu, with his army troubled by rains and illnesses, considered withdrawing, but was dissuaded by his officers

799:

and attacked Kuangguo; Wang Xingyue abandoned the circuit and fled to Chang'an. He then put Han's capital Hua Prefecture (

3307: 1483:

launched another attack on Fengxiang in spring 919. When the Former Shu army ran into rainstorms, however, it withdrew.

2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2417: 2370: 2351: 2335: 2319: 2303: 2282: 2263: 2234: 2215: 2196: 2173: 2152: 2121: 2096: 2080: 2061: 2024: 1980: 1928: 1887: 1546: 1227: 3466: 2429: 2424: 2412: 1975: 1549:, mother of Li Jiyan, Li Jichang, Li Jizhao, Li Jiwei, and three daughters, later known as Lady Dowager Xiande of Qin 1341:

already, he felt he had no territory to allow Liu Zhijun to govern, and therefore only gave Liu Zhijun the title of

3311: 3303: 1232: 239: 1438:, who claimed the title of acting military governor. Subsequently, in 915, Li Jihui's adoptive son Li Baoheng ( 1348:

In winter 908, Li Maozhen sent Liu Zhijun to attack Later Liang's Shuofang Circuit (朔方, headquartered in modern

1060:

launch an attack on Huguo, to try to divert Zhu's attention, but Zhu reacted by having his officer Shi Shucong (

938:

In 900, there was an incident where Emperor Zhaozong, after becoming drunk, personally killed a few eunuchs and

641:) take over as the acting mayor of Xingyuan. Meanwhile, seeing an opening to further expand his influence when 609:

In fall 892, Li Maozhen captured Feng Prefecture (鳳州, in modern Baoji), forcing Yang Fugong's follower Man Cun (

314:

Song Wentong apparently became an officer in the Boye Army, which was then stationed at Fengtian (奉天, in modern

2401:

Examination and Explanation of the Tombstone Text of Lady Liu, Wife of Li Maozhen, Wife of Tang's Prince of Qin

341: 147: 666:), Gu sought peace with Wang under the term that he agreed to cut off relations with Li Maozhen; Wang agreed. 3343: 2042: 868:

campaign. Meanwhile, Wang Jian resumed his attacks on Dongchuan, and when Li Maozhen sent his adoptive son

3461: 3421: 2718: 2670: 1953: 1193: 227: 1494:

In 923, Li Cunxu, who by that point had claimed to be the legitimate successor to Tang and declared a new

3416: 3222: 2708: 261: 3451: 3446: 2844: 2794: 2748: 2728: 884:) was made the military governor of Kuangguo, allowing Li Maozhen's further expansion toward the east. 762:), but who had been adopted by Wang Chongrong) as Wang Chongying's successor, but Wang Chongying's son 567: 1320:), both surrendered to Later Liang, and it appeared that Later Liang took over both Baosai and Baoda. 1220: 334:, the Boye Army moved to Fengxiang Circuit and followed the orders of Fengxiang's military governor ( 3295: 3182: 3099: 3094: 1941: 1111: 492: 199: 606:), Jia's troops fled to Fengxiang and joined Li Maozhen, greatly strengthening Li Maozhen's army. 3287: 3155: 2834: 2829: 381: 2621: 1448:(Emperor Taizu's son and successor) thereafter transferred Li Baoheng away and made his general 3359: 3355: 3351: 3339: 3335: 3327: 3291: 3089: 3084: 2957: 2884: 1669: 753: 642: 327: 280:) that had its origins from Boye, but which had been stationed near the Tang imperial capital 215: 1134:) and Emperor Zhaozong's daughter Princess Pingyuan and between Emperor Zhaozong's son Li Mi ( 1101:) tried to aid Fengxiang, but was defeated by Kong and another Xuanwu officer, Kang Huaizhen ( 3323: 3299: 3283: 3160: 1337: 1192:

In 907, Zhu Quanzhong had Emperor Ai yield the throne to him, ending Tang and founding a new

814:), who commanded the Fengxiang soldiers, and Wang Xingyue and another brother, Wang Xingshi ( 421: 1365:

In 910, Li Maozhen (with Liu and Li Jihui) all sent forces, joined by Jin forces, to attack

454:

on him and gave him a new personal name of Maozhen ("prosperous and faithful") as well as a

1392: 1308:) attack Liu Wanzi and take over Baosai. Soon thereafter, the Baosai officer Gao Wanxing ( 728: 1999: 1739:) (apparently different than biological son Li Congzhao), surrendered to Zhu Quanzhong 902 8: 3391: 3386: 2714: 2532: 1444:) killed Li Yanlu and surrendered Jingnan Circuit to Later Liang. Later Liang's emperor 1268: 969: 195: 135: 85: 1690:

Li Jiyóng (李繼顒, note different tone than his adoptive brother), killed by Wang Zongkan (

534:), Yang Shouzhen the military governor of Longjian Circuit (龍劍, headquartered in modern 3170: 2553: 2399: 2001:

Short Explanation of the Newly Discovered Tombstone of Li Maozhen, Tang's Prince of Qin

1949: 1178: 424:

the Prince of Xiang as a rival emperor at Chang'an. Zhu subsequently sent his general

98: 26: 1956:. Therefore, he could be regarded to be an independent ruler starting from that date. 1296:

After Hu's death in late 908, Li Jihui initially commissioned Hu's officer Liu Wanzi (

412:) and was subsequently defeated by Wang Chongrong and Li Keyong. Two other warlords, 939: 872:

to assist Gu Yanhui, Li Jihui was repelled by Wang Jian's adoptive son Wang Zongjin (

1952:, but Li Maozhen, along with several other Tang vassals, refused to recognize Zhu's 1369:

the military governor of Later Liang's Dingnan Circuit (定難, headquartered in modern

1093:), who was then the military governor of Baoda Circuit (保大, headquartered in modern 416:

the military governor of Jingnan Circuit (靜難, headquartered in modern Xianyang) and

2519: 2037: 1221:

Initial confrontations with Later Liang and subsequent loss of northern territories

727:

In 895, Cui informed Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu that newly commissioned chancellor

188: 306:); his mother was a Lady Lu, who later received the title of Lady Dowager of Yan. 1902: 1289:

and Prince of Wu (a title previously held by Yang Wo's and Yang Longyan's father

1002:

on him, and also created him the Prince of Qi. At the request of the chancellor

114: 79: 21: 1944:

in 901, but the title was a Tang vassal title. In 907, Tang ended by virtue of

1475:

territory was limited to Fengxiang Municipality and its immediate surroundings.

735:(who had earlier persuaded Emperor Zhaozong not to bestow the honorary title of 2436: 1882: 1370: 749: 517: 389: 3380: 3263: 3253: 3228: 3142: 2980: 2704: 2008: 1722: 1718: 1435: 1247: 1072:) make a major counterattack that reached all the way to Li Keyong's capital 845: 821: 455: 165: 3258: 3187: 3127: 3076: 2962: 2889: 2871: 2861: 2820: 2807: 2802: 1480: 1276: 973: 796: 291: 273: 203: 17: 1027: 554:) the military governor of Tianxiong Circuit (天雄, headquartered in modern 3202: 3197: 3192: 3117: 3023: 3013: 3008: 2926: 2856: 2688: 1445: 1290: 1115: 1049: 1038: 1007: 956:), as well as the eunuch directors of palace communications Wang Yanfan ( 943: 681: 585: 563: 526:) the military governor of Jinshang Circuit (金商, headquartered in modern 447: 425: 385: 356: 352: 281: 1393:

Confrontation with Former Shu and loss of Jingnan and Tianxiong Circuits

976:

the new emperor. However, in 901, the Shence Army officers Sun Dezhao (

902:) the military governor of Zhangyi Circuit (彰義, headquartered in modern 687:

In fall 893, Emperor Zhaozong launched his campaign, putting Li Sizhou (

3212: 3207: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3046: 3003: 2985: 2949: 2908: 2894: 2775: 2739: 2683: 2613: 2590: 2580: 2543: 1564: 1500: 1495: 1449: 1415: 1209: 1057: 913: 732: 451: 417: 355:. During his service there, he was once favored by the powerful eunuch 348: 344: 323: 243: 235: 219: 91: 1257: 1200:

the military governor of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern

783: 645:

the military governor of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern

570:

the military governor of Zhenguo Circuit (鎮國, headquartered in modern

3018: 2972: 2921: 2879: 2780: 2770: 2754: 1841:), surrendered to Wang Jian 916 and changed name back to Sang Hongzhi 1460: 1167:) the military governor of Tianxiong Circuit to cement the alliance. 1094: 1053: 947: 922:

the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern

903: 889: 840: 767: 763: 676: 659: 654: 404:

the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern

401: 300:); his grandmother was a Lady Zhang; his father was named Song Duan ( 766:

the military governor of Baoyi Circuit (保義, headquartered in modern

392:

the military governor of Huguo Circuit (護國, headquartered in modern

3268: 3248: 3051: 2765: 2576: 1702: 1603:) (apparently different than adoptive son Fu Daozhao) (changed 926) 1366: 1349: 1236: 1201: 869: 628: 555: 535: 393: 373: 336: 326:

captured Chang'an around the new year 881 and forced then-reigning

315: 248: 231: 1672:

902 and changed name back to Wang Wanhong, later committed suicide

206:, with his power centered on his capital Fengxiang (鳳翔, in modern 3150: 3132: 3122: 3109: 2995: 2916: 2678: 2651: 2561: 1945: 1464: 1374: 1353: 1267:

Meanwhile, with Yang Wo having been assassinated by his officers

1205: 1197: 1141: 1098: 1073: 1003: 931: 923: 919: 663: 650: 646: 632: 575: 539: 531: 413: 405: 377: 331: 319: 265: 223: 211: 198:(901–924). He had become a powerful warlord during the reign of 130: 1905: 1256:), tried to attack Later Liang's Shangping Pass (上平關, in modern 3041: 3033: 1272: 1261: 1240: 571: 527: 409: 397: 1699:

Li Jiyōng (李繼雍, note different tone than his adoptive brother)

669: 3240: 2598: 927: 907: 893: 771: 559: 277: 269: 207: 1389:) to aid Li Renfu, however, the Qi and Jin forces withdrew. 481: 705:). As Cui had falsely informed Li Maozhen that Du was a 309: 1140:) the Prince of Jing and the daughter of the chancellor 1028:

Confrontation with Zhu Quanzhong and recovery therefrom

566:(who had been made the military governor of Jingnan), 1948:'s seizure of the throne from Emperor Zhaozong's son 1184: 1181:

the Prince of Hui declared emperor (as Emperor Ai).

914:

Temporary rapprochement with the imperial government

434:). In response, Emperor Xizong sent Song, Li Chan ( 1314:) and the Qi military governor of Baoda, Li Yanbo ( 784:

Confrontation with Li Keyong and recovery therefrom

105:

later Yànbīn (彥賓), then Màozhēn (茂貞) (changed ~886)

1434:In 914, Li Jihui was poisoned to death by his son 491:In 888, Emperor Xizong died. His younger brother 264:. He was described as "from Boye" (博野, in modern 260:Song Wentong was born in 856, during the reign of 1377:). After Emperor Taizu sent the officers Li Yu ( 878:). In 897, Li Maozhen's adoptive son Li Jitang ( 3378: 1196:(as its Emperor Taizu). Li Maozhen, Li Keyong, 322:), in his youth. When the major agrarian rebel 2395: 2393: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1215: 848:region and made his subordinate Hu Jingzhang ( 835:) to be the new military governor of Jingnan. 3412:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Shannan West Circuit 2637: 1845: 1836: 1830: 1821: 1812: 1806: 1797: 1788: 1779: 1770: 1761: 1752: 1743: 1734: 1728: 1712: 1706: 1691: 1682: 1676: 1663: 1657: 1648: 1628: 1622: 1616: 1607: 1598: 1592: 1583: 1577: 1568: 1558: 1525: 1454: 1439: 1426: 1420: 1409: 1403: 1384: 1378: 1357: 1331: 1325: 1315: 1309: 1303: 1297: 1280: 1279:, Yang Longyan sent the officer Wan Quangan ( 1251: 1172: 1162: 1135: 1129: 1119: 1102: 1088: 1082: 1067: 1061: 1043: 1011: 989: 983: 977: 963: 957: 951: 897: 879: 873: 859: 849: 830: 815: 809: 800: 790: 775: 757: 740: 715: 700: 694: 688: 636: 622: 616: 610: 601: 595: 589: 579: 549: 543: 521: 511: 501: 486: 473: 463: 441: 435: 429: 364: 301: 295: 285: 182: 172: 159: 968:), jointly deposed him and declared his son 121:Zhōngjìng (忠敬) ("faithful and alert") (full) 2390: 1986: 1489: 670:Confrontations with the imperial government 578:), and Wang Xingyu's brother Wang Xingyue ( 388:got into a confrontation with the warlords 202:, the penultimate emperor of the preceding 3407:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Fengxiang Circuit 2644: 2630: 2362: 2360: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2274: 2272: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2226: 2224: 2207: 2205: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2072: 2070: 2053: 2051: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 942:. The eunuch commanders of the imperial 854:) the military governor of Hexi Circuit. 359:who adopted him as his son with the name 330:(Emperor Xuānzong's grandson) to flee to 3432:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Xichuan Circuit 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 756:(the son of his brother Wang Chongjian ( 482:During reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang 3402:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Wuding Circuit 2357: 2341: 2325: 2309: 2288: 2269: 2240: 2221: 2202: 2179: 2158: 2127: 2102: 2086: 2067: 1856: 1582:), name later changed to Li Congchang ( 1515: 3397:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers 3379: 2653:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period 2048: 1911: 1862: 1597:), name later changed to Li Congzhao ( 1226:residence as "palace," and having his 310:During reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang 192:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period 2625: 1959: 1627:), name briefly changed to Song Kan ( 635:). He had his adoptive son Li Jimi ( 588:and the leading eunuch Ximen Junsui ( 347:. When Huang sent his major general 1898: 1896: 1264:), but was repelled by Liu as well. 1275:in 908 and replaced by his brother 13: 3437:Tang dynasty generals from Shaanxi 2747: 1906:Chinese-Western Calendar Converter 1185:During reign of Emperor Ai of Tang 284:ever since its commander Li Huan ( 14: 3478: 2425:New History of the Five Dynasties 1893: 470:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi 3457:Tang dynasty generals from Hebei 3427:Tang dynasty nonimperial princes 1793:), captured by Zhu Quanzhong 902 2376: 1766:), surrendered to Wang Jian 897 3442:Qi (Li Maozhen's state) people 2030: 2014: 1934: 1813: 1713: 1599: 1584: 1569: 1385: 1358: 1326: 1298: 1120: 1012: 978: 964: 898: 801: 590: 544: 522: 512: 474: 442: 430: 151: 1: 3332:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms 2413:History of the Five Dynasties 1976:History of the Five Dynasties 1775:), executed by Li Maozhen 903 1687:), executed by Li Maozhen 895 1077:consider engaging Zhu again. 255: 187:), was the only ruler of the 1757:), captured by Wang Jian 897 1538:Lady Lu, Lady Dowager of Yan 7: 2663:(and other northern states) 1216:As independent Prince of Qi 154:; 856 – May 17, 924), born 10: 3483: 1066:) and nephew Zhu Youning ( 930:) repairing the palace at 487:Initial expansion of power 246:as the military governor ( 15: 3281: 3239: 3221: 3178: 3169: 3141: 3108: 3075: 3032: 2994: 2971: 2948: 2942:(other than Northern Han) 2939: 2907: 2870: 2852: 2843: 2816: 2793: 2761: 2738: 2697: 2669: 2660: 2610: 2595: 2587: 2573: 2558: 2550: 2530: 2525: 2518: 1846: 1837: 1831: 1822: 1807: 1798: 1789: 1780: 1771: 1762: 1753: 1744: 1735: 1729: 1707: 1692: 1683: 1677: 1664: 1658: 1649: 1629: 1623: 1617: 1608: 1593: 1578: 1563:), name later changed to 1559: 1526: 1455: 1440: 1427: 1421: 1410: 1404: 1379: 1332: 1316: 1310: 1304: 1281: 1252: 1173: 1163: 1136: 1130: 1103: 1089: 1083: 1068: 1062: 1044: 990: 984: 958: 952: 880: 874: 860: 850: 831: 816: 810: 791: 776: 758: 741: 716: 701: 695: 689: 637: 623: 617: 611: 602: 596: 580: 550: 502: 464: 436: 365: 302: 296: 286: 183: 173: 160: 129: 120: 113: 75: 70: 66: 58: 50: 42: 35: 3467:Politicians from Baoding 2560:Ruler of China (Western 1942:Emperor Zhaozong of Tang 1490:Submission to Later Tang 731:and another chancellor, 262:Emperor Xuānzong of Tang 200:Emperor Zhaozong of Tang 103:Originally Wéntōng (文通), 62:May 17, 924 (Aged 67-68) 46:901 or May 12, 907 – 924 2835:Emperor Shizong of Liao 2830:Emperor Taizong of Liao 1345:and awarded him money. 290:) refused to submit to 226:(who would later found 218:(who would later found 179:Prince Zhongjing of Qin 1811:), killed by Han Xun ( 1711:), né Yang Chongben ( 1153:, and was again made 542:), and Yang Shouhou ( 90:later Tian (田), then 1857:Notes and references 1835:), né Sang Hongzhi ( 1662:), né Wang Wanhong ( 1516:Personal information 950:and Wang Zhongxian ( 380:) after his trusted 3462:People from Baoding 3422:Later Tang jiedushi 2698:Concurrent warlords 1408:) and Wang Zonghe ( 1010:and Zhang Yanhong ( 988:), and Dong Yanbi ( 970:Li Yu, Prince of De 3417:Fengxiang jiedushi 2554:Emperor Ai of Tang 1733:), né Fu Daozhao ( 1717:), surrendered to 1668:), surrendered to 1644:Adoptive children 982:), Zhou Chenghui ( 240:Emperor Zhuangzong 94:(李) (changed ~886) 3452:People from Hebei 3447:Founding monarchs 3374: 3373: 3277: 3276: 3235: 3234: 2935: 2934: 2903: 2902: 2789: 2788: 2620: 2619: 2611:Succeeded by 2574:Succeeded by 940:ladies in waiting 506:) on Li Maozhen. 440:), and Chen Pei ( 141: 140: 125: 124: 3474: 3176: 3175: 2946: 2945: 2850: 2849: 2745: 2744: 2667: 2666: 2646: 2639: 2632: 2623: 2622: 2597:Ruler of China ( 2588:Preceded by 2551:Preceded by 2520:Chinese nobility 2516: 2515: 2405: 2397: 2388: 2380: 2374: 2364: 2355: 2345: 2339: 2329: 2323: 2313: 2307: 2297: 2286: 2276: 2267: 2257: 2238: 2228: 2219: 2209: 2200: 2190: 2177: 2167: 2156: 2146: 2125: 2115: 2100: 2090: 2084: 2074: 2065: 2055: 2046: 2038:New Book of Tang 2034: 2028: 2018: 2012: 1997: 1984: 1972: 1957: 1938: 1932: 1922: 1909: 1900: 1891: 1879: 1849: 1848: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1833: 1825: 1824: 1816: 1815: 1810: 1809: 1801: 1800: 1792: 1791: 1783: 1782: 1774: 1773: 1765: 1764: 1756: 1755: 1747: 1746: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1731: 1716: 1715: 1710: 1709: 1695: 1694: 1686: 1685: 1680: 1679: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1660: 1652: 1651: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1625: 1620: 1619: 1611: 1610: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1595: 1587: 1586: 1581: 1580: 1572: 1571: 1562: 1561: 1529: 1528: 1458: 1457: 1443: 1442: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1423: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1406: 1388: 1387: 1382: 1381: 1361: 1360: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1328: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1300: 1284: 1283: 1255: 1254: 1176: 1175: 1166: 1165: 1139: 1138: 1133: 1132: 1123: 1122: 1106: 1105: 1092: 1091: 1086: 1085: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1064: 1047: 1046: 1015: 1014: 993: 992: 987: 986: 981: 980: 967: 966: 962:) and Xue Qiwo ( 961: 960: 955: 954: 901: 900: 883: 882: 877: 876: 863: 862: 853: 852: 834: 833: 819: 818: 813: 812: 804: 803: 794: 793: 779: 778: 761: 760: 744: 743: 719: 718: 704: 703: 698: 697: 692: 691: 640: 639: 626: 625: 620: 619: 614: 613: 605: 604: 599: 598: 593: 592: 583: 582: 553: 552: 547: 546: 525: 524: 515: 514: 505: 504: 477: 476: 467: 466: 445: 444: 439: 438: 433: 432: 368: 367: 305: 304: 299: 298: 289: 288: 186: 185: 176: 175: 163: 162: 153: 68: 67: 33: 32: 3482: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3472: 3471: 3377: 3376: 3375: 3370: 3273: 3231: 3217: 3165: 3137: 3104: 3071: 3028: 2990: 2967: 2941: 2931: 2899: 2866: 2839: 2818: 2812: 2785: 2757: 2734: 2693: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2616: 2607: 2593: 2583: 2570: 2556: 2537: 2408: 2398: 2391: 2381: 2377: 2365: 2358: 2346: 2342: 2330: 2326: 2314: 2310: 2298: 2289: 2277: 2270: 2258: 2241: 2229: 2222: 2210: 2203: 2191: 2180: 2168: 2159: 2147: 2128: 2116: 2103: 2091: 2087: 2075: 2068: 2056: 2049: 2035: 2031: 2019: 2015: 1998: 1987: 1973: 1960: 1939: 1935: 1923: 1912: 1903:Academia Sinica 1901: 1894: 1880: 1863: 1859: 1681:), né Yan Gui ( 1588:) (changed 926) 1573:) (changed 926) 1518: 1492: 1395: 1383:) and Liu Wan ( 1223: 1218: 1187: 1030: 916: 805:) under siege. 786: 699:) and Duan Xu ( 672: 489: 484: 312: 258: 115:Posthumous name 109: 106: 104: 95: 89: 37: 31: 12: 11: 5: 3480: 3470: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3372: 3371: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3245: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3147: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3114: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3081: 3079: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3038: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3000: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2988: 2983: 2977: 2975: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2965: 2960: 2954: 2952: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2913: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2876: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2864: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2826: 2824: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2810: 2805: 2799: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2762: 2759: 2758: 2753: 2751: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2732: 2722: 2712: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2675: 2673: 2664: 2661:Five Dynasties 2658: 2657: 2649: 2648: 2641: 2634: 2626: 2618: 2617: 2612: 2609: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2584: 2575: 2572: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2539: 2529: 2523: 2522: 2514: 2513: 2437:Zizhi Tongjian 2433: 2421: 2407: 2406: 2389: 2385:Zizhi Tongjian 2375: 2367:Zizhi Tongjian 2356: 2348:Zizhi Tongjian 2340: 2332:Zizhi Tongjian 2324: 2316:Zizhi Tongjian 2308: 2300:Zizhi Tongjian 2287: 2279:Zizhi Tongjian 2268: 2260:Zizhi Tongjian 2239: 2231:Zizhi Tongjian 2220: 2212:Zizhi Tongjian 2201: 2193:Zizhi Tongjian 2178: 2170:Zizhi Tongjian 2157: 2149:Zizhi Tongjian 2126: 2118:Zizhi Tongjian 2101: 2093:Zizhi Tongjian 2085: 2077:Zizhi Tongjian 2066: 2058:Zizhi Tongjian 2047: 2029: 2021:Zizhi Tongjian 2013: 2007:2012-12-22 at 1985: 1958: 1933: 1925:Zizhi Tongjian 1910: 1892: 1883:Zizhi Tongjian 1860: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1842: 1827: 1818: 1803: 1794: 1785: 1776: 1767: 1758: 1749: 1740: 1725: 1700: 1697: 1688: 1673: 1654: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1639:Four daughters 1637: 1634: 1613: 1604: 1589: 1574: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1533: 1532: 1531: 1517: 1514: 1491: 1488: 1394: 1391: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1186: 1183: 1029: 1026: 915: 912: 785: 782: 750:Wang Chongying 671: 668: 518:Yang Shouliang 488: 485: 483: 480: 390:Wang Chongrong 340:), the former 328:Emperor Xizong 311: 308: 257: 254: 139: 138: 133: 127: 126: 123: 122: 118: 117: 111: 110: 108: 107: 102: 96: 83: 76: 73: 72: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 44: 40: 39: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3479: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3280: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3264:Qian Hongzong 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3254:Qian Yuanguan 3252: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3229:Wang Yanzheng 3226: 3224: 3220: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3143:Southern Tang 3140: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2981:Meng Zhixiang 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2947: 2944: 2938: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2869: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2815: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2792: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2705:Liu Shouguang 2703: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2668: 2665: 2659: 2654: 2647: 2642: 2640: 2635: 2633: 2628: 2627: 2624: 2615: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2592: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2555: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2542:Submitted to 2540: 2536: 2534: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2419: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2396: 2394: 2386: 2379: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2361: 2353: 2349: 2344: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2273: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2225: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2063: 2059: 2054: 2052: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2033: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2010: 2009:archive.today 2006: 2003: 2002: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1946:Zhu Quanzhong 1943: 1937: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1907: 1904: 1899: 1897: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1861: 1843: 1828: 1819: 1804: 1795: 1786: 1777: 1768: 1759: 1750: 1741: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1719:Zhu Quanzhong 1704: 1701: 1698: 1689: 1674: 1671: 1655: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1638: 1636:One other son 1635: 1621:) or Li Kan ( 1614: 1605: 1590: 1575: 1566: 1556: 1555: 1553: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1542: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1519: 1513: 1509: 1506: 1505:Zhongshu Ling 1502: 1497: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1476: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1451: 1447: 1437: 1432: 1417: 1399: 1390: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1344: 1343:Zhongshu Ling 1339: 1321: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1287:Zhongshu Ling 1278: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1249: 1248:Zhang Chengye 1244: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1182: 1180: 1168: 1158: 1156: 1155:Zhongshu Ling 1152: 1151:Shangshu Ling 1147: 1143: 1125: 1117: 1113: 1108: 1100: 1096: 1078: 1075: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1040: 1034: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 996:Shangshu Ling 975: 971: 949: 945: 941: 936: 933: 929: 925: 921: 920:Zhu Quanzhong 911: 909: 905: 895: 891: 885: 871: 865: 855: 847: 846:Hexi Corridor 842: 836: 826: 823: 822:Qin Mountains 806: 798: 781: 773: 769: 765: 755: 751: 746: 738: 737:Shangshu Ling 734: 730: 725: 721: 713: 712:Zhongshu Ling 708: 685: 683: 678: 667: 665: 661: 656: 652: 648: 644: 634: 630: 607: 587: 577: 573: 569: 565: 562:) and allies 561: 557: 541: 537: 533: 529: 519: 507: 499: 494: 479: 471: 459: 457: 456:courtesy name 453: 449: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 370: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 343: 339: 338: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 307: 293: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 253: 251: 250: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 224:Zhu Quanzhong 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 190: 180: 170: 167: 166:courtesy name 157: 149: 145: 137: 134: 132: 128: 119: 116: 112: 100: 97: 93: 87: 81: 78: 77: 74: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 34: 29: 28: 23: 19: 3320:N. Dynasties 3316:S. Dynasties 3259:Qian Hongzuo 3188:Wang Shenzhi 3128:Yang Longyan 3077:Southern Han 2963:Wang Zongyan 2940:Ten Kingdoms 2885:Liu Chengjun 2872:Northern Han 2862:Liu Chengyou 2808:Shi Chonggui 2803:Shi Jingtang 2724: 2602: 2596: 2565: 2559: 2541: 2533:Prince of Qi 2531: 2527:New creation 2526: 2435: 2423: 2411: 2400: 2384: 2378: 2366: 2347: 2343: 2331: 2327: 2315: 2311: 2299: 2278: 2259: 2230: 2211: 2192: 2169: 2148: 2117: 2092: 2088: 2076: 2057: 2036: 2032: 2020: 2016: 2000: 1974: 1936: 1924: 1881: 1778:Li Jizhong ( 1576:Li Jichang ( 1510: 1504: 1493: 1485: 1481:Wang Zongyan 1477: 1473: 1433: 1400: 1396: 1364: 1347: 1342: 1322: 1295: 1286: 1277:Yang Longyan 1266: 1245: 1224: 1191: 1188: 1169: 1159: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1126: 1109: 1079: 1056:and officer 1035: 1031: 1022: 1018: 999: 995: 974:Crown Prince 937: 917: 886: 866: 856: 837: 827: 807: 797:Yellow River 787: 747: 736: 726: 722: 711: 706: 686: 673: 621:) and Yang ( 608: 508: 497: 490: 469: 460: 371: 360: 335: 313: 292:Wang Tingcou 274:Shijiazhuang 259: 247: 204:Tang dynasty 178: 177:), formally 168: 156:Song Wentong 155: 143: 142: 25: 18:Chinese name 3312:16 Kingdoms 3203:Wang Jipeng 3198:Wang Yanjun 3193:Wang Yanhan 3118:Yang Xingmi 3024:Gao Jichong 3014:Gao Baorong 3009:Gao Conghui 2927:Guo Zongxun 2857:Liu Zhiyuan 2823:occupation) 2817:Interregnum 2689:Zhu Youzhen 2671:Later Liang 1954:Later Liang 1787:Li Jiliao ( 1751:Li Jining ( 1742:Li Jitang ( 1727:Li Jizhao ( 1675:Li Jipeng ( 1647:Li Jizhen ( 1591:Li Jizhao ( 1547:Empress Liu 1524:Song Duan ( 1291:Yang Xingmi 1194:Later Liang 1116:Gao Jichang 1050:Wang Zongdi 1039:Feng Xingxi 1008:Han Quanhui 944:Shence Army 682:Cui Zhaowei 586:Du Rangneng 564:Wang Xingyu 448:Yang Fugong 426:Wang Xingyu 386:Tian Lingzi 361:Tian Yanbin 357:Tian Lingzi 353:Shence Army 228:Later Liang 84:Originally 80:Family name 22:family name 3392:924 deaths 3387:856 births 3381:Categories 3304:3 Kingdoms 3213:Zhu Wenjin 3208:Wang Yanxi 3067:Ma Xichong 3057:Ma Xiguang 3047:Ma Xisheng 3004:Gao Jixing 2986:Meng Chang 2950:Former Shu 2909:Later Zhou 2895:Liu Jiyuan 2776:Li Conghou 2740:Later Tang 2725:Li Maozhen 2684:Zhu Yougui 2591:Li Changfu 2581:Later Tang 2544:Later Tang 1950:Emperor Ai 1844:Li Jizhi ( 1820:Li Jikui ( 1805:Li Jizhi ( 1796:Li Jiqin ( 1769:Li Jiyun ( 1615:Li Jikan ( 1606:Li Jiwei ( 1565:Li Congyan 1557:Li Jiyan ( 1496:Later Tang 1450:Huo Yanwei 1416:Tang Daoxi 1210:Former Shu 1112:Liu Zhijun 1058:Zhou Dewei 733:Wei Zhaodu 418:Li Changfu 349:Shang Rang 345:Zheng Tian 342:chancellor 324:Huang Chao 256:Background 236:Later Tang 220:Former Shu 144:Li Maozhen 99:Given name 36:Li Maozhen 3183:Wang Chao 3100:Liu Chang 3095:Liu Sheng 3019:Gao Baoxu 2973:Later Shu 2958:Wang Jian 2922:Chai Rong 2890:Liu Ji'en 2880:Liu Chong 2845:Later Han 2795:Later Jin 2781:Li Congke 2771:Li Siyuan 2755:Li Keyong 2715:Wang Rong 2601:region) ( 1829:Li Jiji ( 1760:Li Jipo ( 1670:Wang Jian 1656:Li Jimi ( 1554:Children 1469:Li Yantao 1461:Tongchuan 1269:Zhang Hao 1054:Li Sizhao 948:Liu Jishu 904:Pingliang 890:Chongqing 841:Guanzhong 768:Sanmenxia 764:Wang Gong 707:proponent 677:Xu Yanruo 660:Guangyuan 655:Gu Yanhui 643:Wang Jian 402:Li Keyong 216:Wang Jian 169:Zhengchen 71:Full name 3269:Qian Chu 3249:Qian Liu 3052:Ma Xifan 2766:Li Cunxu 2614:Li Jiyan 2608:887–924 2603:de facto 2577:Li Cunxu 2571:907–924 2538:901–924 2440:, vols. 2418:vol. 132 2371:vol. 273 2352:vol. 272 2336:vol. 271 2320:vol. 270 2304:vol. 269 2283:vol. 268 2264:vol. 267 2235:vol. 265 2216:vol. 264 2197:vol. 263 2174:vol. 261 2153:vol. 260 2122:vol. 259 2097:vol. 258 2081:vol. 257 2062:vol. 256 2043:vol. 208 2025:vol. 242 2005:Archived 1981:vol. 132 1929:vol. 266 1888:vol. 262 1723:Li Yanlu 1703:Li Jihui 1633:) in 902 1501:Li Jiyan 1446:Zhu Zhen 1436:Li Yanlu 1367:Li Renfu 1350:Yinchuan 1237:Changzhi 1233:Li Cunxu 1202:Yangzhou 1042:Zongji ( 1000:Shizhong 870:Li Jihui 629:Nanchong 568:Han Jian 556:Tianshui 536:Mianyang 498:Shizhong 475:同中書門下平章事 394:Yuncheng 384:advisor 374:Hanzhong 337:Jiedushi 316:Xianyang 282:Chang'an 249:Jiedushi 244:Li Jiyan 238:, whose 232:era name 16:In this 3156:Li Jing 3151:Li Bian 3133:Yang Pu 3123:Yang Wo 3090:Liu Bin 3085:Liu Yan 3062:Ma Xi'e 2996:Jingnan 2917:Guo Wei 2679:Zhu Wen 2566:de jure 2562:Shaanxi 2430:vol. 40 1535:Mother 1521:Father 1465:Shaanxi 1375:Shaanxi 1354:Ningxia 1338:Liu Xun 1258:Lüliang 1206:Jiangsu 1198:Yang Wo 1142:Su Jian 1099:Shaanxi 1074:Taiyuan 1004:Cui Yin 932:Luoyang 924:Kaifeng 754:Wang Ke 664:Sichuan 651:Sichuan 647:Chengdu 633:Sichuan 576:Shaanxi 540:Sichuan 532:Shaanxi 414:Zhu Mei 406:Taiyuan 378:Shaanxi 332:Chengdu 320:Shaanxi 266:Baoding 212:Shaanxi 189:Chinese 148:Chinese 131:Dynasty 3344:W. Xia 3042:Ma Yin 2655:rulers 1414:) and 1273:Xu Wen 1262:Shanxi 1241:Shanxi 1179:Li Zuo 1095:Yan'an 1048:) and 653:) and 572:Weinan 528:Ankang 493:Li Jie 422:Li Yun 410:Shanxi 400:) and 398:Shanxi 382:eunuch 222:) and 194:state 150:: 20:, the 3288:Shang 3241:Wuyue 3161:Li Yu 2599:Baoji 2535:/Qin 1817:) 909 1696:) 895 1543:Wife 1371:Yulin 928:Henan 908:Gansu 894:Li Zi 772:Henan 729:Li Xi 560:Gansu 278:Hebei 270:Hebei 208:Baoji 43:Reign 3360:Qing 3356:Ming 3352:Yuan 3340:Song 3336:Liao 3328:Tang 3292:Zhou 2821:Liao 2719:Zhao 1271:and 1228:wife 1114:and 998:and 972:the 591:西門君遂 184:秦忠敬王 88:(宋), 86:Sòng 59:Died 51:Born 3368:PRC 3364:ROC 3348:Jīn 3324:Sui 3308:Jìn 3300:Han 3296:Qin 3284:Xia 3223:Yin 3171:Min 3034:Chu 2749:Jin 2709:Yan 2579:of 2564:) ( 2510:273 2506:272 2502:271 2498:270 2494:269 2490:268 2486:267 2482:266 2478:265 2474:264 2470:263 2466:262 2462:261 2458:260 2454:259 2450:258 2446:257 2442:256 1847:李繼陟 1838:桑弘志 1832:李繼岌 1823:李繼虁 1808:李繼直 1799:李繼欽 1790:李繼鐐 1781:李繼忠 1772:李繼筠 1763:李繼溥 1754:李繼寧 1745:李繼瑭 1736:符道昭 1730:李繼昭 1714:楊崇本 1708:李繼徽 1693:王宗侃 1678:李繼鵬 1665:王萬弘 1659:李繼密 1650:李繼臻 1618:李繼侃 1609:李繼暐 1600:李從昭 1594:李繼昭 1585:李從昶 1579:李繼昶 1570:李從曮 1560:李繼曮 1467:), 1456:王宗翰 1441:李保衡 1422:石簡顒 1411:王宗賀 1405:王宗祐 1333:王重師 1317:李彥博 1311:高萬興 1305:李延圖 1299:劉萬子 1293:). 1282:萬全感 1253:胡敬璋 1174:朱友恭 1164:李繼崇 1146:all 1131:李繼侃 1104:康懷貞 1090:李茂勳 1069:朱友寧 1063:氏叔琮 1045:王宗佶 1013:張彥弘 991:董彥弼 985:周承誨 979:孫德昭 965:薛齊偓 959:王彥範 953:王仲先 881:李繼瑭 875:王宗謹 861:李戒丕 851:胡敬璋 832:蘇文建 817:王行實 811:李繼鵬 759:王重簡 742:尚書令 717:中書令 696:李周潼 690:李嗣周 638:李繼密 603:賈德晟 597:李順節 581:王行約 551:李茂莊 545:楊守厚 523:楊守忠 513:楊守信 478:). 465:薛知籌 369:). 366:田彥賓 164:), 161:宋文通 152:李茂貞 54:856 38:李茂貞 24:is 3383:: 3366:/ 3362:→ 3358:→ 3354:→ 3350:→ 3346:/ 3342:/ 3338:/ 3334:→ 3330:→ 3326:→ 3322:→ 3318:/ 3314:→ 3310:/ 3306:→ 3302:→ 3298:→ 3294:→ 3290:→ 3286:→ 3110:Wu 2729:Qi 2605:) 2568:) 2508:, 2504:, 2500:, 2496:, 2492:, 2488:, 2484:, 2480:, 2476:, 2472:, 2468:, 2464:, 2460:, 2456:, 2452:, 2448:, 2444:, 2428:, 2416:, 2392:^ 2369:, 2359:^ 2350:, 2334:, 2318:, 2302:, 2290:^ 2281:, 2271:^ 2262:, 2242:^ 2233:, 2223:^ 2214:, 2204:^ 2195:, 2181:^ 2172:, 2160:^ 2151:, 2129:^ 2120:, 2104:^ 2095:, 2079:, 2069:^ 2060:, 2050:^ 2041:, 2023:, 1988:^ 1979:, 1961:^ 1927:, 1913:^ 1895:^ 1886:, 1864:^ 1814:韓遜 1684:閻珪 1630:宋侃 1624:李侃 1527:宋端 1463:, 1428:秦州 1386:劉綰 1380:李遇 1373:, 1359:韓遜 1352:, 1327:劉捍 1260:, 1239:, 1212:. 1204:, 1157:. 1137:李秘 1121:馬景 1097:, 1084:孔勍 946:, 926:, 906:, 899:張璉 802:華州 792:王瑤 777:李保 770:, 702:段詡 662:, 649:, 631:, 624:洋州 618:興州 612:滿存 574:, 558:, 538:, 530:, 503:侍中 452:Li 443:陳佩 437:李鋋 431:楊晟 408:, 396:, 376:, 318:, 303:宋端 297:宋鐸 287:李寰 276:, 268:, 210:, 196:Qi 174:正臣 136:Qi 101:: 92:Lǐ 82:: 27:Li 2819:( 2731:) 2727:( 2721:) 2717:( 2711:) 2707:( 2645:e 2638:t 2631:v 2512:. 2432:. 2420:. 2404:. 2373:. 2354:. 2338:. 2322:. 2306:. 2285:. 2266:. 2237:. 2218:. 2199:. 2176:. 2155:. 2124:. 2099:. 2083:. 2064:. 2045:. 2027:. 2011:. 1983:. 1931:. 1908:. 1890:. 1850:) 1826:) 1802:) 1784:) 1748:) 1705:( 1653:) 1612:) 1567:( 1530:) 1453:( 1402:( 1081:( 789:( 739:( 714:( 510:( 500:( 472:( 363:( 181:( 171:( 158:( 146:( 30:.

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