379:
disciples has always pursued the same goal. It has been a matter of eliminating the ambiguity by making oneself pure inwardness or pure externality, by escaping from the sensible world or being engulfed by it, by yielding to eternity or enclosing oneself in the pure moment." Ethics cannot be based on the authoritative certainty given by mathematics and logic, or prescribed directly from the empirical findings of science. She states: "Since we do not succeed in fleeing it, let us, therefore, try to look the truth in the face. Let us try to assume our fundamental ambiguity. It is in the knowledge of the genuine conditions of our life that we must draw our strength to live and our reason for acting". Other continental philosophers suggest that concepts such as life, nature, and sex are ambiguous. Corey Anton has argued that we cannot be certain what is separate from or unified with something else: language, he asserts, divides what is not, in fact, separate. Following
354:. Some will think they oppose taxes in general because they hinder economic growth. Others may think they oppose only those taxes that they believe will hinder economic growth. In writing, the sentence can be rewritten to reduce possible misinterpretation, either by adding a comma after "taxes" (to convey the first sense) or by changing "which" to "that" (to convey the second sense) or by rewriting it in other ways. The devious politician hopes that each constituent will interpret the statement in the most desirable way, and think the politician supports everyone's opinion. However, the opposite can also be true—an opponent can turn a positive statement into a bad one if the speaker uses ambiguity (intentionally or not). The logical fallacies of amphiboly and equivocation rely heavily on the use of ambiguous words and phrases.
47:
155:
285:
310:
ate those cookies that were on the couch (as opposed to those that were on the table), or it could mean that he was sitting on the couch when he ate the cookies. "To get in, you will need an entrance fee of $ 10 or your voucher and your drivers' license." This could mean that you need EITHER ten dollars OR BOTH your voucher and your license. Or it could mean that you need your license AND you need EITHER ten dollars OR a voucher. Only rewriting the sentence, or placing appropriate punctuation can resolve a syntactic ambiguity. For the notion of, and theoretic results about, syntactic ambiguity in artificial,
2114:
2496:, ambiguity is a factor used in determining peoples' responses to various situations. High levels of ambiguity in an emergency (e.g. an unconscious man lying on a park bench) make witnesses less likely to offer any sort of assistance, due to the fear that they may have misinterpreted the situation and acted unnecessarily. Alternately, non-ambiguous emergencies (e.g. an injured person verbally asking for help) elicit more consistent intervention and assistance. With regard to the
4240:
2453:
3161:
330:), cook (imperative verb form)!", but also as "Cook (imperative verb form), cook (noun used as vocative)!". It is more common that a syntactically unambiguous phrase has a semantic ambiguity; for example, the lexical ambiguity in "Your boss is a funny man" is purely semantic, leading to the response "Funny ha-ha or funny peculiar?"
378:
tries to base an ethics on
Heidegger's and Sartre's writings (The Ethics of Ambiguity), where she highlights the need to grapple with ambiguity: "as long as there have been philosophers and they have thought, most of them have tried to mask it ... And the ethics which they have proposed to their
325:
Usually, semantic and syntactic ambiguity go hand in hand. The sentence "We saw her duck" is also syntactically ambiguous. Conversely, a sentence like "He ate the cookies on the couch" is also semantically ambiguous. Rarely, but occasionally, the different parsings of a syntactically ambiguous phrase
2325:
are two related languages that have been created for this, focusing chiefly on syntactic ambiguity as well. The languages can be both spoken and written. These languages are intended to provide a greater technical precision over big natural languages, although historically, such attempts at language
732:
allows the user to omit the multiplication symbol, but requires square brackets to indicate the argument of a function; square brackets are not allowed for grouping of expressions. Fortran, in addition, does not allow use of the same name (identifier) for different objects, for example, function and
392:
In literature and rhetoric, ambiguity can be a useful tool. Groucho Marx's classic joke depends on a grammatical ambiguity for its humor, for example: "Last night I shot an elephant in my pajamas. How he got in my pajamas, I'll never know". Songs and poetry often rely on ambiguous words for artistic
349:
Philosophers (and other users of logic) spend a lot of time and effort searching for and removing (or intentionally adding) ambiguity in arguments because it can lead to incorrect conclusions and can be used to deliberately conceal bad arguments. For example, a politician might say, "I oppose taxes
309:
arises when a sentence can have two (or more) different meanings because of the structure of the sentence—its syntax. This is often due to a modifying expression, such as a prepositional phrase, the application of which is unclear. "He ate the cookies on the couch", for example, could mean that he
220:
The use of multi-defined words requires the author or speaker to clarify their context, and sometimes elaborate on their specific intended meaning (in which case, a less ambiguous term should have been used). The goal of clear concise communication is that the receiver(s) have no misunderstanding
383:
he argues that the desire to 'authoritatively disambiguate' the world and existence has led to numerous ideologies and historical events such as genocide. On this basis, he argues that ethics must focus on 'dialectically integrating opposites' and balancing tension, rather than seeking a priori
143:
Ambiguity in human language is argued to reflect principles of efficient communication. Languages that communicate efficiently will avoid sending information that is redundant with information provided in the context. This can be shown mathematically to result in a system that is ambiguous when
369:
is always in a meaningful world, but there is always an underlying background for every instance of signification. Thus, although some things may be certain, they have little to do with Dasein's sense of care and existential anxiety, e.g., in the face of death. In calling his work Being and
336:
can contain many more types of ambiguities that are called phonological ambiguities, where there is more than one way to compose a set of sounds into words. For example, "ice cream" and "I scream". Such ambiguity is generally resolved according to the context. A mishearing of such, based on
205:
The context in which an ambiguous word is used often makes it clearer which of the meanings is intended. If, for instance, someone says "I put $ 100 in the bank", most people would not think someone used a shovel to dig in the mud. However, some linguistic contexts do not provide sufficient
2354:. The difficulty of this task arises from the fact that different definitions of what a domain is can be used (e.g. folding autonomy, function, thermodynamic stability, or domain motions), which sometimes results in a single protein having different—yet equally valid—domain assignments.
181:
of a word or phrase applies to it having more than one meaning in the language to which the word belongs. "Meaning" here refers to whatever should be represented by a good dictionary. For instance, the word "bank" has several distinct lexical definitions, including
459:
still do not have established notations. Usually, the conversion to another notation requires to scale the argument or the resulting value; sometimes, the same name of the function is used, causing confusions. Examples of such underestablished functions:
2550:
ambiguity in engineering documents lacking outward trace of the binary prefixes (necessarily indicating the new style) as to whether the usage of k, M, and G remains ambiguous (old style) or not (new style). 1 M (where M is ambiguously
846:
in this case, the insertion of parentheses is required when translating the formulas to an algorithmic language. In addition, it is common to write an argument of a function without parenthesis, which also may lead to ambiguity. In the
499:
Ambiguous expressions often appear in physical and mathematical texts. It is common practice to omit multiplication signs in mathematical expressions. Also, it is common to give the same name to a variable and a function, for example,
120:. In ambiguity, specific and distinct interpretations are permitted (although some may not be immediately obvious), whereas with vague information it is difficult to form any interpretation at the desired level of specificity.
2500:, studies have shown that emergencies deemed ambiguous trigger the appearance of the classic bystander effect (wherein more witnesses decrease the likelihood of any of them helping) far more than non-ambiguous emergencies.
2483:
Pictures or photographs may also be ambiguous at the semantic level: the visual image is unambiguous, but the meaning and narrative may be ambiguous: is a certain facial expression one of excitement or fear, for instance?
2395:
regularly employed paradox to tease out the meanings in common concepts that he found ambiguous or to reveal meaning often overlooked or forgotten in common phrases: the title of one of his most famous books,
2049:
It may mean that the gain of the laser medium should be doubled, for example, doubling the population of the upper laser level in a quasi-two level system (assuming negligible absorption of the ground-state).
136:-dependent interpretations. The latter represents a choice between any number of possible interpretations, none of which may have a standard agreed-upon meaning. This form of ambiguity is closely related to
775:, the operations of division and multiplication have equal priority and are executed from left to right. Until the last century, many editorials assumed that multiplication is performed first, for example,
87:, statement, or resolution is not explicitly defined, making for several interpretations; others describe it as a concept or statement that has no real reference. A common aspect of ambiguity is
2597:). As non-volatile storage devices begin to exceed 1 GB in capacity (where the ambiguity begins to routinely impact the second significant digit), GB and TB almost always mean 10 and 10
2008:
may mean a state with single photon, or the coherent state with mean amplitude equal to 1, or state with momentum equal to unity, and so on. The reader is supposed to guess from the context.
295:
occurs when a word, phrase or sentence, taken out of context, has more than one interpretation. In "We saw her duck" (example due to
Richard Nordquist), the words "her duck" can refer either
1319:
1230:
Often the author's intention can be understood from the context, in cases where only one of the two makes sense, but an ambiguity like this should be avoided, for example by writing
1178:
1276:
1226:
1434:
5181:
1841:
1583:
1509:
1125:
1359:
1544:
1469:
1391:
2024:), depends on the system of notations. Many terms are ambiguous. Each use of an ambiguous term should be preceded by the definition, suitable for a specific case. Just like
1966:
1932:
1876:
2227:
2006:
1629:
578:
2286:
1668:
1005:
1790:
1750:
842:
766:
615:
534:
68:
is noted for its ambiguous central figure, whose head can be viewed as being a human male's face with a pointed nose and chin, or as being the head end of an actual
967:
709:
651:
1712:
804:
361:(particularly phenomenology and existentialism), there is much greater tolerance of ambiguity, as it is generally seen as an integral part of the human condition.
2157:
875:
2177:
1898:
1070:
1049:
1028:
944:
922:
900:
851:
style, one uses roman letters to denote elementary functions, whereas variables are written using italics. For example, in mathematical journals the expression
673:
2531:
in which these units unambiguously mean one thousand, one million, and one billion. This usage is particularly prevalent with electronic memory devices (e.g.
365:
argued that the relation between the subject and object is ambiguous, as is the relation of mind and body, and part and whole. In
Heidegger's phenomenology,
3103:
973:
Commas in multi-component subscripts and superscripts are sometimes omitted; this is also potentially ambiguous notation. For example, in the notation
2706:
55:
4554:
2326:
improvement have been criticized. Languages composed from many diverse sources contain much ambiguity and inconsistency. The many exceptions to
2088:
of an imaging system, as measure of the size of the smallest detail that still can be resolved at the background of statistical noise. See also
3357:
1973:
2105:
fallacies. Other terms with this type of ambiguity are: satisfiable, true, false, function, property, class, relation, cardinal, and ordinal.
4276:
3362:
2444:(1935, p. 195), "Theorists are apt to vex themselves with vain efforts to remove uncertainty just where it has a high aesthetic value."
244:
More problematic are words whose multiple meanings express closely related concepts. "Good", for example, can mean "useful" or "functional" (
6120:
2412:, pieces or sections that confound expectations and may be or are interpreted simultaneously in different ways are ambiguous, such as some
1009:
the reader can only infer from the context whether it means a single-index object, taken with the subscript equal to product of variables
1880:
Then, there is an "unwritten rule": the state is coherent if there are more Greek characters than Latin characters in the argument, and
5409:
5271:
4466:
2101:
arises as a result of systematic ambiguity in the meaning of terms such as "definable" or "nameable". Terms of this kind give rise to
5883:
5371:
5133:
3212:
469:
384:
validation or certainty. Like the existentialists and phenomenologists, he sees the ambiguity of life as the basis of creativity.
2468:, which can be interpreted in two ways. Perceptions of such objects remain stable for a time, then may flip, a phenomenon called
6115:
2527:
were historically used in certain contexts to mean either the first three powers of 1024 (1024, 1024 and 1024) contrary to the
2456:
This image can be interpreted three ways: as the letters "K B", as the mathematical inequality "1 < 13", or as the letters "
713:
In each case of use of such notations, the reader is supposed to be able to perform the deduction and reveal the true meaning.
5376:
3070:
2897:
2840:
4547:
3740:
2373:'s description of the sacred as 'mysterium tremendum et fascinans', the awe-inspiring mystery that fascinates humans. The
5751:
5418:
3397:
3239:
3193:
3181:
2626:
64:
3113:
2102:
2046:
It may mean that the ratio of the output power of an electric or optical circuit to the input power should be doubled.
393:
effect, as in the song title "Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue" (where "blue" can refer to the color, or to sadness).
302:
to a motion she made (the verb "duck", the subject of which is the objective pronoun "her", object of the verb "saw").
6110:
4269:
3551:
17:
2380:
is noted for the "ingenious ambiguity" expressed by its heroine; for example, she says to the villain of the story,
2350:. The analysis of a protein three-dimensional structure consists in dividing the macromolecule into subunits called
4580:
5838:
5366:
4540:
1281:
6105:
5959:
5833:
5492:
5402:
5346:
5211:
3129:
Mason, David; Allen, Bem P. (1976). "The
Bystander Effect as a Function of Ambiguity and Emergency Character".
2043:
It may mean that the ratio of the output voltage of an electric circuit to the input voltage should be doubled.
2039:. For example, the sentence "the gain of a system should be doubled", without context, means close to nothing.
2029:
144:
context is neglected. In this way, ambiguity is viewed as a generally useful feature of a linguistic system.
5611:
5432:
5092:
4871:
4833:
4783:
4159:
3367:
2832:
Lexical
Ambiguity Resolution: Perspective from Psycholinguistics, Neuropsychology and Artificial Intelligence
2661:
480:, one should replace the second argument to its square; dealing with complex values, this may cause problems.
194:". One could say "I bought herbs from the apothecary". This could mean one actually spoke to the apothecary (
99:
meaning cannot be definitively resolved, according to a rule or process with a finite number of steps. (The
5341:
5241:
4262:
4195:
4171:
3760:
2535:) addressed directly by a binary machine register where a decimal interpretation makes no practical sense.
1130:
374:
follows
Heidegger in defining the human essence as ambiguous, or relating fundamentally to such ambiguity.
213:
methods that automatically associate the appropriate meaning with a word in context, a task referred to as
2758:
1234:
1184:
5497:
5082:
5032:
3772:
3516:
1397:
1812:
1550:
1475:
1089:
326:
result in the same meaning. For example, the command "Cook, cook!" can be parsed as "Cook (noun used as
5979:
5641:
5462:
5221:
4961:
4841:
4572:
3782:
3165:
1328:
268:", etc. "I have a good daughter" is not clear about which sense is intended. The various ways to apply
154:
151:, because the interpretation of written documents and oral agreements is often of paramount importance.
31:
1516:
1441:
1364:
5984:
5934:
5696:
5585:
5395:
5306:
4906:
4813:
4653:
4190:
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3643:
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can also create ambiguity ("unlockable" can mean "capable of being opened" or "impossible to lock").
214:
3086:
6039:
5903:
5482:
5231:
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4025:
3493:
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284:
2129:
In mathematics and logic, ambiguity can be considered to be an instance of the logical concept of
1937:
1903:
1847:
6034:
5580:
4876:
4803:
4658:
4486:
4205:
4020:
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2182:
415:
is a helpful tool that eliminates a lot of misunderstandings associated with natural language in
2016:
Some physical quantities do not yet have established notations; their value (and sometimes even
1983:
6064:
5736:
5706:
5681:
5621:
5520:
5452:
5122:
4966:
4901:
4563:
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4117:
4067:
4041:
3817:
3691:
3658:
3559:
3541:
3441:
3290:
3272:
2469:
2090:
448:
358:
133:
2369:
employ the concept of paradox synonymously with "ambiguity". Many
Christians and Jews endorse
1598:
542:
5964:
5858:
5823:
5711:
5686:
5530:
5447:
5097:
5077:
5012:
4896:
4678:
4521:
4165:
4153:
4133:
4122:
4037:
3850:
3826:
3648:
3604:
3456:
3382:
3295:
2539:
2253:
2021:
1635:
977:
412:
351:
80:
1758:
1718:
810:
736:
585:
504:
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about what was meant to be conveyed. An exception to this could include a politician whose "
5949:
5756:
5535:
5261:
5171:
4970:
4931:
4663:
4180:
4084:
4048:
3963:
3919:
3755:
3686:
3476:
3305:
3280:
2986:
2646:
2441:
2310:
1680:, this notation conventionally means exponentiation of the result of function application.
1677:
952:
772:
682:
624:
483:
452:
315:
2858:
Critical
Thinking, 10th ed., Ch 3, Moore, Brooke N. and Parker, Richard. McGraw-Hill, 2012
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8:
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5888:
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5555:
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2136:
2025:
854:
397:
327:
306:
237:
conflicting desires from his or her candidate of choice. Ambiguity is a powerful tool of
2990:
716:
Creators of algorithmic languages try to avoid ambiguities. Many algorithmic languages (
396:
In the narrative, ambiguity can be introduced in several ways: motive, plot, character.
6100:
6095:
6074:
5999:
5974:
5939:
5919:
5848:
5828:
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5646:
5590:
5161:
5057:
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4738:
4703:
4349:
4243:
4176:
3990:
3875:
3860:
3807:
3767:
3716:
3653:
3612:
3589:
3569:
3472:
3316:
3300:
3225:
3015:
2974:
2952:
2944:
2927:
2815:
2796:
2343:
2230:
2162:
2130:
2085:
2062:
1883:
1592:
1081:
1055:
1034:
1013:
929:
907:
885:
848:
658:
488:
375:
292:
234:
230:
129:
5387:
6054:
6009:
5994:
5954:
5893:
5863:
5843:
5636:
5565:
5127:
5047:
4886:
4768:
4381:
4366:
4293:
4062:
3899:
3889:
3865:
3842:
3798:
3724:
3676:
3634:
3594:
3436:
3431:
3253:
3109:
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2973:
Postic, Guillaume; Ghouzam, Yassine; Chebrek, Romain; Gelly, Jean-Christophe (2017).
2956:
2893:
2836:
2828:
2788:
2493:
2477:
2347:
2294:
2066:
1969:
1900:-photon state if the Latin characters dominate. The ambiguity becomes even worse, if
424:
319:
238:
92:
2925:
Goldstein, Laurence (1996). "Reflexivity, Contradiction, Paradox and M. C. Escher".
2800:
2774:
455:, which can (and should) be defined in a deterministic and unambiguous way. Several
299:
to the person's bird (the noun "duck", modified by the possessive pronoun "her"), or
6059:
5989:
5878:
5656:
5191:
5102:
4926:
4921:
4723:
4511:
4403:
4212:
4053:
3952:
3894:
3832:
3627:
3506:
3501:
3486:
3451:
3411:
3339:
3334:
3138:
3010:
2994:
2936:
2778:
2770:
2681:
2641:
2509:
2497:
2392:
725:
456:
371:
362:
311:
187:
38:
3142:
2113:
1968:
means the state with certain value of the momentum, which may be used in books on
5868:
5771:
5666:
5631:
5336:
5251:
5007:
4986:
4936:
4916:
4856:
4823:
4778:
4773:
4733:
4618:
4496:
4345:
3969:
3933:
3909:
3729:
3701:
3681:
3529:
3497:
3481:
3446:
3172:
3037:
2872:
2830:
2651:
2621:
2473:
2437:
2433:
2238:
2122:
1802:
333:
148:
132:. The former represents a choice between a finite number of known and meaningful
3176:
6049:
6044:
5969:
5853:
5731:
5626:
5467:
5087:
5042:
4866:
4798:
4668:
4298:
3870:
3855:
3777:
3696:
3622:
3262:
2691:
2671:
2429:
2377:
2351:
2077:
1806:
1588:
4673:
2384:, "my lord will not fail to achieve his purposes", without specifying whether
2293:
Logical ambiguity and self-contradiction is analogous to visual ambiguity and
6089:
5741:
5716:
5550:
5331:
4946:
4851:
4846:
4808:
4728:
4708:
4683:
4648:
3995:
3885:
3617:
3580:
3524:
3392:
3387:
3006:
2829:
Steven L. Small; Garrison W Cottrell; Michael K Tanenhaus (22 October 2013).
2676:
2528:
2234:
2098:
1977:
1673:
878:
464:
380:
104:
59:
27:
Type of uncertainty of meaning in which several interpretations are plausible
1972:. Such ambiguities easily lead to confusions, especially if some normalized
6004:
5929:
5796:
5676:
5560:
5540:
5072:
5067:
5022:
4981:
4891:
4793:
4748:
4743:
4713:
4698:
4693:
4491:
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4007:
3426:
3207:
3024:
2998:
2792:
2656:
2616:
2413:
2362:
2298:
948:
although in the informal notation of a slide presentation it may stand for
51:
3217:
2297:, such as the Necker cube and impossible cube, or many of the drawings of
5924:
5898:
5781:
5545:
5472:
5316:
5281:
5201:
5027:
4818:
4758:
4643:
4628:
4532:
4471:
4361:
4331:
4200:
3977:
3914:
3189:
2783:
2701:
2631:
2465:
2370:
2118:
729:
477:
226:
222:
88:
69:
6069:
5721:
5487:
5442:
5437:
5321:
5112:
4956:
4911:
4788:
4763:
4688:
4623:
4516:
4506:
4413:
4388:
4341:
4110:
4104:
4031:
3943:
3202:
2948:
2381:
2058:
338:
195:
191:
110:
4254:
2032:: "... Only in the context of a proposition has a name meaning."
46:
5873:
5691:
5616:
5595:
5477:
5457:
5353:
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2513:
2452:
2417:
2374:
2017:
432:
428:
265:
210:
137:
117:
96:
4147:
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1082:
Examples of potentially confusing ambiguous mathematical expressions
5786:
5575:
5326:
5017:
4638:
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4501:
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4433:
4418:
4356:
4316:
4095:
2686:
2636:
2331:
2314:
2242:
2070:
400:
uses the latter type of ambiguity with notable effect in his novel
199:
178:
2743:
of legs: you can see more of them, further down." Carroll, Lewis.
2735:
exactly like a nose and chin, that is don't they? But they really
2538:
Subsequently, the Ki, Mi, and Gi prefixes were introduced so that
2464:
In visual art, certain images are visually ambiguous, such as the
5037:
4593:
4408:
4398:
4393:
4376:
3249:
2975:"An ambiguity principle for assigning protein structural domains"
2666:
2366:
2057:
is ambiguous when applied to light. The term can refer to any of
1934:
is used for the states with certain value of the coordinate, and
721:
420:
416:
423:. Nonetheless, there are still some inherent ambiguities due to
5182:
An Essay
Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
5117:
4443:
4438:
4423:
4321:
3160:
2425:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2081:
1075:
366:
273:
269:
168:
Here, the syntactic tree in figure represents interpretation 2.
100:
84:
5651:
4603:
3208:
Collection of
Ambiguous or Inconsistent/Incomplete Statements
3063:
Introducing the Apocrypha: Message, Context, and Significance
2598:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2487:
2421:
2409:
2125:, an underdetermined and overdetermined object, respectively.
2011:
717:
473:
2073:, depending on the background of the person using the term.
4371:
4326:
2532:
2108:
771:
The order of operations may depend on the context. In most
724:) require the character * as symbol of multiplication. The
183:
2346:, ambiguity has been recognized as a problem for studying
2972:
164:
Interpretation 1: When Pepe was angry, then he saw Pablo.
2542:
could be written explicitly, also rendering k, M, and G
5417:
2731:"And do you see its long nose and chin? At least, they
2757:
Piantadosi, Steven; Tily, Hal; Gibson, Edward (2012).
2546:
in texts conforming to the new standard—this led to a
1284:
116:
The concept of ambiguity is generally contrasted with
2759:"The communicative function of ambiguity in language"
2313:
with the intention of avoiding ambiguity, especially
2256:
2185:
2165:
2139:
1986:
1940:
1906:
1886:
1850:
1815:
1761:
1721:
1689:
1638:
1601:
1553:
1519:
1478:
1444:
1400:
1393:
in several texts, though it might be thought to mean
1367:
1331:
1237:
1187:
1133:
1092:
1058:
1037:
1016:
980:
955:
932:
910:
888:
857:
813:
781:
739:
685:
661:
627:
588:
545:
507:
158:
Structural analysis of an ambiguous Spanish sentence:
2756:
370:
Nothingness an "essay in phenomenological ontology"
3105:
Optical Illusions: The Science of Visual Perception
279:
2280:
2221:
2171:
2151:
2000:
1960:
1926:
1892:
1870:
1835:
1784:
1744:
1706:
1662:
1623:
1577:
1538:
1503:
1463:
1428:
1385:
1353:
1313:
1270:
1220:
1172:
1119:
1064:
1043:
1022:
999:
961:
938:
916:
894:
869:
836:
798:
760:
703:
667:
645:
609:
572:
528:
2707:Volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity
2334:rules are time-consuming and difficult to learn.
1797:Notations in quantum optics and quantum mechanics
6087:
5884:Segmented discourse representation theory (SDRT)
2968:
2966:
2822:
2739:two of its legs. You know a Caterpillar has got
2076:Also, confusions may be related with the use of
1754:however, it is more commonly understood to mean
582:there is no way to distinguish whether it means
166:Interpretation 2: Pepe saw that Pablo was angry.
435:reasons that persist in mathematical notation.
350:which hinder economic growth", an example of a
72:, with the first two right "true" legs visible.
3358:Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise
37:"Ambiguous" redirects here. For the film, see
5403:
4548:
4270:
3363:Negative conclusion from affirmative premises
3233:
2963:
2179:is—while overdetermination, except when like
1843:and states with fixed number of photons with
2887:
2870:
2854:
2852:
1995:
1952:
1918:
1862:
1827:
337:incorrectly resolved ambiguity, is called a
229:are necessary to gain support from multiple
3247:
2357:
1314:{\textstyle {\frac {1}{2}}\sin ^{2}\alpha }
5410:
5396:
5272:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language
4562:
4555:
4541:
4277:
4263:
3240:
3226:
3128:
2488:Social psychology and the bystander effect
2012:Ambiguous terms in physics and mathematics
387:
3941:
3014:
2924:
2849:
2782:
881:, but the product of the three variables
206:information to make a used word clearer.
4094:
2451:
2400:(1908), itself employed such a paradox.
2112:
2109:Mathematical interpretation of ambiguity
733:variable; in particular, the expression
407:
283:
153:
45:
4284:
3060:
2866:
2864:
2440:is often purposely ambiguous. To quote
2304:
14:
6088:
3098:
3061:deSilva, David A. (20 February 2018).
2892:. Dover Publications Inc. p. 39.
1074:or it is an indication to a trivalent
209:Lexical ambiguity can be addressed by
5839:Discourse representation theory (DRT)
5391:
4536:
4258:
3221:
2575:uncertain than the engineering value
1173:{\displaystyle (\sin(\alpha /2))^{2}}
472:; translating elliptic integral form
438:
262:the lesson to be learned from a story
128:Lexical ambiguity is contrasted with
3213:Leaving out ambiguities when writing
2861:
2813:
1271:{\displaystyle \sin ^{2}(\alpha /2)}
1221:{\displaystyle (\sin \alpha )^{2}/2}
172:
6121:Formal semantics (natural language)
5752:Quantificational variability effect
5419:Formal semantics (natural language)
3194:Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project
3182:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2583:(defined to designate the interval
2503:
1429:{\displaystyle (\sin \alpha )^{-1}}
470:Elliptic integral of the third kind
288:Which is wet: the food, or the cat?
123:
24:
2874:Handbook on mathematical functions
2747:. Dover Publications (1966), p 27.
2432:, or (Stein 2005, p. 79) any
1836:{\displaystyle ~|\alpha \rangle ~}
1578:{\displaystyle \sin(\sin \alpha )}
1504:{\displaystyle (\sin \alpha )^{n}}
1120:{\displaystyle \sin ^{2}\alpha /2}
25:
6132:
3171:
3153:
3040:(1966), footnote a at Judith 11:5
2388:refers to the villain or to God.
2080:as measure of concentration of a
1354:{\displaystyle \sin ^{-1}\alpha }
1127:can be understood to mean either
4239:
4238:
3159:
3131:The Journal of Social Psychology
1539:{\displaystyle \sin ^{2}\alpha }
1464:{\displaystyle \sin ^{n}\alpha }
1386:{\displaystyle \arcsin(\alpha )}
280:Semantic and syntactic ambiguity
65:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
3122:
3092:
3079:
3054:
3043:
3031:
2814:Finn, Emily (19 January 2012).
2775:10.1016/j.cognition.2011.10.004
2627:Ambiguity tolerance–intolerance
1980:variables are used. Expression
95:of any idea or statement whose
5834:Combinatory categorial grammar
5212:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
3736:Correlation implies causation
2918:
2906:
2890:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
2881:
2807:
2750:
2725:
2159:leaves open what the value of
2030:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
1988:
1945:
1911:
1855:
1820:
1779:
1770:
1736:
1722:
1714:can be interpreted as meaning
1657:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1618:
1612:
1572:
1560:
1492:
1479:
1414:
1401:
1380:
1374:
1265:
1251:
1201:
1188:
1161:
1157:
1143:
1134:
831:
822:
755:
749:
698:
686:
640:
628:
604:
598:
567:
555:
523:
517:
494:
451:should not be confused with a
13:
1:
6116:Barriers to critical thinking
5612:Antecedent-contained deletion
5093:Principle of compositionality
3143:10.1080/00224545.1976.9711917
3108:. Canada: Firefly Books Ltd.
2888:Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1999).
2718:
2662:Essentially contested concept
2447:
2391:The orthodox Catholic writer
344:
198:) or went to the apothecary (
5242:Philosophical Investigations
3065:. Baker Books. p. 102.
2816:"The advantage of ambiguity"
1961:{\displaystyle ~|p\rangle ~}
1927:{\displaystyle ~|x\rangle ~}
1871:{\displaystyle ~|n\rangle ~}
161:Pepe vio a Pablo enfurecido.
7:
5083:Modality (natural language)
2871:Abramovits, M.; Stegun, I.
2604:
2460:D" with their mirror image.
2311:languages have been created
2222:{\displaystyle X=1,X=1,X=1}
2035:A highly confusing term is
1801:It is common to define the
10:
6137:
5493:Syntax–semantics interface
5222:Language, Truth, and Logic
4962:Theological noncognitivism
4847:Contrast theory of meaning
4842:Causal theory of reference
4573:Index of language articles
4160:I'm entitled to my opinion
2337:
2001:{\displaystyle |1\rangle }
768:is qualified as an error.
447:in the style of writing a
113:", as in "two meanings").
36:
32:Ambiguity (disambiguation)
29:
6022:
5985:Question under discussion
5935:Conversational scoreboard
5912:
5816:
5809:
5712:Intersective modification
5697:Homogeneity (linguistics)
5604:
5513:
5506:
5425:
5362:
5307:Philosophy of information
5294:
5143:
4995:
4907:Mediated reference theory
4832:
4579:
4570:
4457:
4404:Parsimony (Occam's razor)
4292:
4234:
4143:
4082:
4016:
3932:
3841:
3816:
3791:
3715:
3667:
3603:
3578:
3550:
3515:
3465:
3419:
3410:
3348:
3314:
3270:
3261:
2712:Word-sense disambiguation
2612:Knowledge:Ambiguous words
1591:notation usually denotes
215:word-sense disambiguation
6111:Concepts in epistemology
6040:Distributional semantics
5232:Two Dogmas of Empiricism
4186:Motte-and-bailey fallacy
3286:Affirming the consequent
2442:Sir Donald Francis Tovey
2403:
2358:Christianity and Judaism
2020:, as in the case of the
1624:{\displaystyle f^{2}(x)}
573:{\displaystyle f=f(y+1)}
6035:Computational semantics
5777:Subsective modification
5581:Propositional attitudes
5033:Use–mention distinction
4877:Direct reference theory
4206:Two wrongs make a right
3537:Denying the correlative
2472:. The opposite of such
2290:which has no solution.
2281:{\displaystyle X=2,X=3}
2245:, or in mathematics an
1663:{\displaystyle f(f(x))}
1000:{\displaystyle T_{mnk}}
388:Literature and rhetoric
149:can be a problem in law
54:'s illustration of the
6065:Philosophy of language
5707:Inalienable possession
5687:Free choice inferences
5682:Faultless disagreement
5453:Generalized quantifier
4967:Theory of descriptions
4902:Linguistic determinism
4564:Philosophy of language
4191:Psychologist's fallacy
4128:Argument to moderation
4118:Argument from anecdote
4068:Chronological snobbery
3692:Quoting out of context
3659:Overwhelming exception
3542:Suppressed correlative
3442:Quoting out of context
3317:quantificational logic
3291:Denying the antecedent
2999:10.1126/sciadv.1600552
2470:multistable perception
2461:
2282:
2223:
2173:
2153:
2126:
2091:Accuracy and precision
2002:
1962:
1928:
1894:
1872:
1837:
1786:
1785:{\displaystyle a/(2b)}
1746:
1745:{\displaystyle (a/2)b}
1708:
1664:
1625:
1579:
1540:
1505:
1465:
1430:
1387:
1355:
1315:
1272:
1222:
1174:
1121:
1086:An expression such as
1066:
1045:
1024:
1001:
963:
940:
918:
896:
871:
838:
837:{\displaystyle a/(bc)}
800:
762:
761:{\displaystyle f=f(x)}
705:
669:
647:
611:
610:{\displaystyle f=f(x)}
574:
530:
529:{\displaystyle f=f(x)}
359:continental philosophy
289:
169:
109:reflects the idea of "
73:
6106:Mathematical notation
5965:Plural quantification
5859:Inquisitive semantics
5824:Alternative semantics
5078:Mental representation
5013:Linguistic relativity
4897:Inquisitive semantics
4459:Theories of deduction
4154:The Four Great Errors
4134:Argumentum ad populum
4123:Argument from silence
3827:Argumentum ad baculum
3605:Faulty generalization
3296:Argument from fallacy
2914:Principia Mathematica
2455:
2348:protein conformations
2283:
2224:
2174:
2154:
2116:
2022:Einstein coefficients
2003:
1963:
1929:
1895:
1873:
1838:
1787:
1747:
1709:
1665:
1626:
1580:
1541:
1506:
1466:
1431:
1388:
1356:
1316:
1273:
1223:
1175:
1122:
1067:
1046:
1025:
1002:
964:
962:{\displaystyle \sin }
941:
919:
897:
872:
839:
801:
773:programming languages
763:
706:
704:{\displaystyle (y+1)}
678:at argument equal to
670:
648:
646:{\displaystyle (y+1)}
612:
575:
531:
413:Mathematical notation
408:Mathematical notation
352:glittering generality
316:programming languages
287:
184:financial institution
157:
147:Linguistic ambiguity
49:
5950:Function application
5757:Responsive predicate
5747:Privative adjectives
5262:Naming and Necessity
5172:De Arte Combinatoria
4971:Definite description
4932:Semantic externalism
4172:Invincible ignorance
3978:Reductio ad Stalinum
3964:Reductio ad Hitlerum
3920:Wisdom of repugnance
3687:Moving the goalposts
3552:Illicit transference
3477:Begging the question
3398:Undistributed middle
3306:Mathematical fallacy
3281:Affirming a disjunct
3168:at Wikimedia Commons
2835:. Elsevier Science.
2647:Discrete mathematics
2305:Constructed language
2254:
2183:
2163:
2137:
1984:
1938:
1904:
1884:
1848:
1813:
1759:
1719:
1707:{\displaystyle a/2b}
1687:
1678:hyperbolic functions
1636:
1599:
1551:
1517:
1476:
1442:
1398:
1365:
1329:
1282:
1235:
1185:
1131:
1090:
1056:
1035:
1014:
978:
953:
930:
908:
886:
877:does not denote the
855:
811:
799:{\displaystyle a/bc}
779:
737:
683:
659:
625:
586:
543:
505:
484:Exponential integral
453:multivalued function
250:She's a good student
246:That's a good hammer
30:For other uses, see
6030:Cognitive semantics
5945:Existential closure
5889:Situation semantics
5792:Temperature paradox
5762:Rising declaratives
5727:Modal subordination
5702:Hurford disjunction
5662:Discourse relations
5312:Philosophical logic
5302:Analytic philosophy
5108:Sense and reference
4987:Verification theory
4942:Situation semantics
4286:Philosophical logic
3905:Parade of horribles
3881:In-group favoritism
3707:Syntactic ambiguity
3350:Syllogistic fallacy
3273:propositional logic
3085:Chesterton, G. K.,
2991:2017SciA....3E0552P
2912:Russell/Whitehead,
2745:The Nursery "Alice"
2247:inconsistent system
2152:{\displaystyle X=Y}
2026:Ludwig Wittgenstein
1546:might seem to mean
870:{\displaystyle sin}
398:F. Scott Fitzgerald
307:Syntactic ambiguity
6075:Semantics of logic
6000:Strict conditional
5975:Quantifier raising
5940:Downward entailing
5920:Autonomy of syntax
5849:Generative grammar
5829:Categorial grammar
5767:Scalar implicature
5672:Epistemic modality
5647:De dicto and de re
5162:Port-Royal Grammar
5058:Family resemblance
4977:Theory of language
4952:Supposition theory
4350:Unity of opposites
3991:Poisoning the well
3808:Proof by assertion
3783:Texas sharpshooter
3717:Questionable cause
3654:Slothful induction
3613:Anecdotal evidence
3473:Circular reasoning
3368:Exclusive premises
3330:Illicit conversion
3089:, especially p. 32
2478:impossible objects
2462:
2420:, other ambiguous
2344:structural biology
2295:impossible objects
2278:
2231:self-contradiction
2219:
2169:
2149:
2131:underdetermination
2127:
2063:luminous intensity
1998:
1958:
1924:
1890:
1868:
1833:
1782:
1742:
1704:
1660:
1621:
1593:function iteration
1575:
1536:
1501:
1461:
1426:
1383:
1351:
1311:
1268:
1218:
1170:
1117:
1062:
1041:
1020:
997:
959:
936:
914:
892:
867:
849:scientific journal
834:
806:is interpreted as
796:
758:
701:
665:
643:
607:
570:
538:Then, if one sees
526:
489:Hermite polynomial
439:Names of functions
376:Simone de Beauvoir
314:(such as computer
293:Semantic ambiguity
290:
235:mutually exclusive
170:
130:semantic ambiguity
74:
6083:
6082:
6055:Logic translation
6018:
6017:
6010:Universal grinder
5995:Squiggle operator
5955:Meaning postulate
5894:Supervaluationism
5864:Intensional logic
5844:Dynamic semantics
5805:
5804:
5637:Crossover effects
5586:Tense–aspect–mood
5566:Lexical semantics
5385:
5384:
4887:Dynamic semantics
4530:
4529:
4382:List of fallacies
4367:Explanatory power
4294:Critical thinking
4252:
4251:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4166:Ignoratio elenchi
4078:
4077:
3928:
3927:
3890:Not invented here
3595:Converse accident
3517:Correlative-based
3494:Compound question
3437:False attribution
3432:False equivalence
3406:
3405:
3164:Media related to
3072:978-1-4934-1307-2
2899:978-0-486-40445-5
2842:978-0-08-051013-2
2494:social psychology
2315:lexical ambiguity
2172:{\displaystyle X}
2067:radiant intensity
1970:quantum mechanics
1957:
1943:
1923:
1909:
1893:{\displaystyle n}
1867:
1853:
1832:
1818:
1293:
1065:{\displaystyle k}
1044:{\displaystyle n}
1023:{\displaystyle m}
939:{\displaystyle n}
917:{\displaystyle i}
895:{\displaystyle s}
668:{\displaystyle f}
457:special functions
320:Ambiguous grammar
254:This is good soup
239:political science
179:lexical ambiguity
173:Lexical ambiguity
18:Lexical ambiguity
16:(Redirected from
6128:
6060:Linguistics wars
5990:Semantic parsing
5879:Montague grammar
5814:
5813:
5657:Deontic modality
5511:
5510:
5498:Truth conditions
5433:Compositionality
5426:Central concepts
5412:
5405:
5398:
5389:
5388:
5347:Formal semantics
5295:Related articles
5287:
5277:
5267:
5257:
5247:
5237:
5227:
5217:
5207:
5197:
5187:
5177:
5167:
5157:
4927:Relevance theory
4922:Phallogocentrism
4557:
4550:
4543:
4534:
4533:
4512:Platonic realism
4279:
4272:
4265:
4256:
4255:
4242:
4241:
4213:Special pleading
4092:
4091:
3953:Appeal to motive
3939:
3938:
3915:Stirring symbols
3895:Island mentality
3833:Wishful thinking
3814:
3813:
3530:Perfect solution
3507:No true Scotsman
3502:Complex question
3487:Leading question
3466:Question-begging
3452:No true Scotsman
3417:
3416:
3340:Quantifier shift
3335:Proof by example
3268:
3267:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3219:
3218:
3186:
3173:Zalta, Edward N.
3163:
3147:
3146:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3096:
3090:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3058:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3018:
2979:Science Advances
2970:
2961:
2960:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2868:
2859:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2786:
2754:
2748:
2729:
2682:Informal fallacy
2642:Decision problem
2596:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2510:computer science
2504:Computer science
2498:bystander effect
2474:ambiguous images
2428:, and ambiguous
2393:G. K. Chesterton
2289:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1991:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1769:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1732:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1697:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1611:
1610:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1294:
1286:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1261:
1247:
1246:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1153:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1102:
1101:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1003:
998:
996:
995:
970:
968:
966:
965:
960:
947:
945:
943:
942:
937:
925:
923:
921:
920:
915:
903:
901:
899:
898:
893:
876:
874:
873:
868:
845:
843:
841:
840:
835:
821:
805:
803:
802:
797:
789:
767:
765:
764:
759:
726:Wolfram Language
712:
710:
708:
707:
702:
674:
672:
671:
666:
654:
652:
650:
649:
644:
616:
614:
613:
608:
581:
579:
577:
576:
571:
537:
535:
533:
532:
527:
402:The Great Gatsby
372:Jean-Paul Sartre
363:Martin Heidegger
312:formal languages
248:), "exemplary" (
190:". Or consider "
124:Linguistic forms
91:. It is thus an
39:Ambiguous (film)
21:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6079:
6014:
5908:
5869:Lambda calculus
5801:
5772:Sloppy identity
5732:Opaque contexts
5667:Donkey anaphora
5632:Counterfactuals
5600:
5502:
5421:
5416:
5386:
5381:
5358:
5337:School of Names
5290:
5285:
5275:
5265:
5255:
5252:Of Grammatology
5245:
5235:
5225:
5215:
5205:
5195:
5185:
5175:
5165:
5155:
5139:
4991:
4937:Semantic holism
4917:Non-cognitivism
4857:Conventionalism
4828:
4575:
4566:
4561:
4531:
4526:
4497:Logical atomism
4453:
4346:Socratic method
4297:
4288:
4283:
4253:
4248:
4222:
4196:Rationalization
4139:
4086:
4074:
4012:
3934:Genetic fallacy
3924:
3837:
3812:
3787:
3711:
3702:Sorites paradox
3682:False precision
3663:
3644:Double counting
3599:
3574:
3546:
3511:
3498:Loaded question
3482:Loaded language
3461:
3402:
3344:
3310:
3257:
3246:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3097:
3093:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3044:
3038:Jerusalem Bible
3036:
3032:
2985:(1): e1600552.
2971:
2964:
2941:10.2307/1576313
2923:
2919:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2886:
2882:
2869:
2862:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2827:
2823:
2812:
2808:
2755:
2751:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2652:Double entendre
2622:Ambiguity (law)
2607:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2540:binary prefixes
2506:
2490:
2450:
2438:music of Africa
2434:aspect of music
2406:
2360:
2340:
2307:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2239:paradoxicalness
2184:
2181:
2180:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2123:impossible cube
2111:
2014:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1803:coherent states
1799:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1728:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:The expression
1637:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1495:
1491:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:commonly means
1449:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1417:
1413:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:The expression
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1257:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1210:
1204:
1200:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1164:
1160:
1149:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1109:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
985:
981:
979:
976:
975:
974:
954:
951:
950:
949:
931:
928:
927:
926:
909:
906:
905:
904:
887:
884:
883:
882:
856:
853:
852:
817:
812:
809:
808:
807:
785:
780:
777:
776:
738:
735:
734:
684:
681:
680:
679:
660:
657:
656:
626:
623:
622:
621:
587:
584:
583:
544:
541:
540:
539:
506:
503:
502:
501:
497:
441:
410:
390:
347:
334:Spoken language
282:
252:), "pleasing" (
188:edge of a river
175:
167:
165:
163:
159:
126:
79:is the type of
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6134:
6124:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6050:Inferentialism
6047:
6045:Formal grammar
6042:
6037:
6032:
6026:
6024:
6020:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5970:Possible world
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5854:Glue semantics
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5820:
5818:
5817:Formal systems
5811:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5742:Polarity items
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5627:Conservativity
5624:
5619:
5614:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5591:Quantification
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5517:
5515:
5508:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5468:Presupposition
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5422:
5415:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5392:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5278:
5268:
5258:
5248:
5238:
5228:
5218:
5208:
5198:
5188:
5178:
5168:
5158:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5088:Presupposition
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4867:Deconstruction
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4838:
4836:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4560:
4559:
4552:
4545:
4537:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4467:Constructivism
4463:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4303:
4301:
4299:informal logic
4290:
4289:
4282:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4259:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4174:
4169:
4162:
4157:
4150:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4100:
4098:
4089:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4035:
4028:
4026:Accomplishment
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3822:
3820:
3811:
3810:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3778:Slippery slope
3775:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3744:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3721:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3697:Slippery slope
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3623:Cherry picking
3615:
3609:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3521:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3479:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3245:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3196:
3187:
3169:
3155:
3154:External links
3152:
3149:
3148:
3121:
3115:978-1554071722
3114:
3091:
3078:
3071:
3053:
3042:
3030:
2962:
2935:(4): 299–308.
2917:
2905:
2898:
2880:
2877:. p. 228.
2860:
2848:
2841:
2821:
2806:
2769:(3): 280–291.
2749:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2692:Self reference
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2672:Formal fallacy
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2505:
2502:
2489:
2486:
2449:
2446:
2405:
2402:
2378:Book of Judith
2359:
2356:
2339:
2336:
2306:
2303:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2233:, also called
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2168:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2133:—for example,
2110:
2107:
2103:vicious circle
2078:atomic percent
2051:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2013:
2010:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1889:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1807:quantum optics
1798:
1795:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1595:: in general,
1589:exponentiation
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1083:
1080:
1061:
1040:
1019:
994:
991:
988:
984:
958:
935:
913:
891:
866:
863:
860:
833:
830:
827:
824:
820:
816:
795:
792:
788:
784:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
664:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
496:
493:
492:
491:
486:
481:
467:
440:
437:
409:
406:
389:
386:
381:Ernest Becker,
346:
343:
304:
303:
300:
281:
278:
174:
171:
125:
122:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6133:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5808:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5737:Performatives
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5717:Logophoricity
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5551:Evidentiality
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5413:
5408:
5406:
5401:
5399:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5332:Scholasticism
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5284:
5283:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5214:
5213:
5209:
5203:
5199:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5163:
5159:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5136:
5135:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4947:Structuralism
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4872:Descriptivism
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4852:Contrastivism
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4558:
4553:
4551:
4546:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4280:
4275:
4273:
4268:
4266:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4245:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4081:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3886:Invented here
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3649:False analogy
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3618:Sampling bias
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3581:Secundum quid
3577:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3525:False dilemma
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:Illicit minor
3391:
3389:
3388:Illicit major
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3243:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3117:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3088:
3082:
3074:
3068:
3064:
3057:
3051:
3046:
3039:
3034:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2967:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2901:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2876:
2875:
2867:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2844:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2825:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2784:1721.1/102465
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2724:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2677:Golden hammer
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2600:
2574:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:metric system
2526:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2459:
2454:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2235:inconsistency
2232:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2166:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2099:Berry paradox
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2009:
1992:
1979:
1978:dimensionless
1975:
1971:
1949:
1915:
1887:
1859:
1824:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1776:
1773:
1766:
1762:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1674:trigonometric
1672:However, for
1651:
1645:
1639:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1594:
1590:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1496:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1421:
1418:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1308:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1165:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1079:
1077:
1059:
1038:
1017:
992:
989:
986:
982:
971:
956:
933:
911:
889:
880:
879:sine function
864:
861:
858:
850:
828:
825:
818:
814:
793:
790:
786:
782:
774:
769:
752:
746:
743:
740:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
695:
692:
689:
677:
662:
637:
634:
631:
619:
601:
595:
592:
589:
564:
561:
558:
552:
549:
546:
520:
514:
511:
508:
490:
487:
485:
482:
479:
475:
471:
468:
466:
465:Sinc function
463:
462:
461:
458:
454:
450:
446:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
405:
403:
399:
394:
385:
382:
377:
373:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
342:
340:
335:
331:
329:
323:
321:
317:
313:
308:
301:
298:
297:
296:
294:
286:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:a good person
255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
218:
216:
212:
207:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
162:
156:
152:
150:
145:
141:
139:
135:
131:
121:
119:
114:
112:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
71:
67:
66:
61:
60:Lewis Carroll
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
6005:Type shifter
5980:Quantization
5930:Continuation
5797:Veridicality
5677:Exhaustivity
5642:Cumulativity
5561:Indexicality
5541:Definiteness
5536:Conditionals
5525:
5463:Logical form
5280:
5270:
5260:
5250:
5240:
5230:
5220:
5210:
5190:
5180:
5170:
5160:
5150:
5132:
5073:Metalanguage
5068:Logical form
5023:Truth-bearer
5002:
4982:Unilalianism
4892:Expressivism
4719:Wittgenstein
4664:von Humboldt
4581:Philosophers
4492:Intuitionism
4477:Fictionalism
4311:
4181:Naturalistic
4164:
4152:
4132:
4103:
4087:of relevance
4030:
4008:Whataboutism
4000:
3976:
3970:Godwin's law
3962:
3942:
3825:
3818:Consequences
3799:Law/Legality
3773:Single cause
3746:
3739:
3668:
3579:
3447:Loki's Wager
3427:Equivocation
3420:Equivocation
3180:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3104:
3094:
3081:
3062:
3056:
3045:
3033:
2982:
2978:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2913:
2908:
2889:
2883:
2873:
2831:
2824:
2818:. MIT Press.
2809:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2657:Equivocation
2617:Abbreviation
2572:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2507:
2491:
2482:
2463:
2457:
2414:polytonality
2407:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2363:Christianity
2361:
2341:
2308:
2299:M. C. Escher
2292:
2128:
2096:
2089:
2075:
2054:
2052:
2036:
2034:
2015:
1974:adimensional
1800:
1682:
1513:Conversely,
1324:
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715:
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655:or function
617:
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253:
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231:constituents
223:weasel words
219:
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176:
160:
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115:
103:
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52:John Tenniel
43:
5925:Context set
5899:Type theory
5782:Subtrigging
5546:Disjunction
5473:Proposition
5317:Linguistics
5282:Limited Inc
5202:On Denoting
5028:Proposition
4679:de Saussure
4644:Ibn Khaldun
4472:Dialetheism
4362:Explanation
4332:Credibility
4201:Red herring
3958:Association
3639:Conjunction
3560:Composition
3457:Reification
3373:Existential
3325:Existential
3177:"Ambiguity"
3137:: 145–146.
3050:Judith 11:6
2702:Uncertainty
2632:Amphibology
2544:unambiguous
2514:SI prefixes
2466:Necker cube
2371:Rudolf Otto
2119:Necker cube
730:Mathematica
495:Expressions
478:Mathematica
227:obfuscation
211:algorithmic
89:uncertainty
83:in which a
70:caterpillar
56:Caterpillar
6090:Categories
6070:Pragmatics
5722:Mirativity
5488:Speech act
5443:Entailment
5438:Denotation
5377:Discussion
5372:Task Force
5322:Pragmatics
5113:Speech act
5043:Categories
4957:Symbiosism
4912:Nominalism
4824:Watzlawick
4704:Bloomfield
4624:Chrysippus
4517:Pragmatism
4507:Nominalism
4414:Propaganda
4389:Hypothesis
4342:Antithesis
4177:Moralistic
4111:Sealioning
4105:Ad nauseam
4032:Ipse dixit
3944:Ad hominem
3768:Regression
3570:Ecological
3383:Four terms
3301:Masked man
3203:PhilPapers
3100:Seckel, Al
2741:quantities
2719:References
2448:Visual art
2382:Holofernes
2375:apocryphal
2086:resolution
2059:irradiance
2028:states in
618:multiplied
419:and other
345:Philosophy
339:mondegreen
196:pharmacist
192:apothecary
6101:Semantics
6096:Ambiguity
5874:Mereology
5810:Formalism
5692:Givenness
5617:Cataphora
5605:Phenomena
5596:Vagueness
5526:Ambiguity
5478:Reference
5458:Intension
5448:Extension
5354:Semiotics
5342:Semantics
5192:Alciphron
5128:Statement
5063:Intension
5003:Ambiguity
4882:Dramatism
4862:Cratylism
4614:Eubulides
4609:Aristotle
4589:Confucius
4487:Formalism
4449:Vagueness
4429:Relevance
4424:Reasoning
4337:Dialectic
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4049:Etymology
4021:Authority
4002:Tu quoque
3986:Bulverism
3756:Gambler's
3725:Animistic
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3635:Base rate
3378:Necessity
3250:fallacies
3199:Ambiguity
3190:Ambiguity
3166:Ambiguity
3087:Orthodoxy
3007:2375-2548
2957:191403643
2763:Cognition
2697:Semantics
2418:polymeter
2398:Orthodoxy
2249:—such as
2055:intensity
2053:The term
2018:dimension
1996:⟩
1953:⟩
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676:evaluated
445:ambiguity
429:syntactic
266:righteous
138:vagueness
118:vagueness
93:attribute
77:Ambiguity
6023:See also
5913:Concepts
5787:Telicity
5622:Coercion
5576:Negation
5571:Modality
5521:Anaphora
5367:Category
5327:Rhetoric
5152:Cratylus
5123:Sentence
5098:Property
5018:Language
4996:Concepts
4834:Theories
4799:Strawson
4784:Davidson
4774:Hintikka
4769:Anscombe
4714:Vygotsky
4669:Mauthner
4639:Averroes
4629:Zhuangzi
4619:Diodorus
4599:Cratylus
4502:Logicism
4482:Finitism
4434:Rhetoric
4419:Prudence
4357:Evidence
4317:Argument
4307:Analysis
4244:Category
3876:Ridicule
3861:Flattery
3851:Children
3748:Post hoc
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3590:Accident
3565:Division
3412:Informal
3102:(2009).
3025:28097215
2928:Leonardo
2801:13726095
2793:22192697
2687:Pleonasm
2637:Buzzword
2605:See also
2430:phrasing
2332:semantic
2243:oxymoron
2071:radiance
1587:as this
728:used in
449:function
433:semantic
421:sciences
328:vocative
274:suffixes
270:prefixes
200:pharmacy
97:intended
5531:Binding
5134:more...
5038:Concept
4779:Dummett
4754:Gadamer
4749:Chomsky
4734:Derrida
4724:Russell
4709:Bergson
4694:Tillich
4654:Leibniz
4594:Gorgias
4522:Realism
4409:Premise
4399:Opinion
4394:Inquiry
4377:Fallacy
4063:Novelty
4038:Poverty
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3866:Novelty
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3761:Inverse
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3730:Furtive
3248:Common
3192:at the
3175:(ed.).
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2426:rhythms
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722:Fortran
425:lexical
417:physics
318:), see
260:versus
186:" and "
134:context
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5960:Monads
5507:Topics
5286:(1988)
5276:(1982)
5266:(1980)
5256:(1967)
5246:(1953)
5236:(1951)
5226:(1936)
5216:(1921)
5206:(1905)
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5186:(1668)
5176:(1666)
5166:(1660)
5156:(n.d.)
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4759:Kripke
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4674:Ricœur
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4649:Hobbes
4444:Theory
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101:prefix
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5556:Focus
5514:Areas
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4604:Plato
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3804:Stone
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2945:JSTOR
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