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were not weak and sickly social misfits, but in fact were generally taller, in better health, better developed physically, and better adapted socially than other children. The children included in his studies were colloquially referred to as "Termites". The gifted children thrived both socially and academically. In relationships, they were less likely to divorce. Additionally, those in the gifted group were generally successful in their careers: Many received awards recognizing their achievements. Though many of the children reached exceptional heights in adulthood, not all did. Terman explored the causes of obvious talent not being realized, exploring personal obstacles, education, and lack of opportunity as causes.
496:. He pointed out that though he believed the capacity for intelligence is inherited, those with exceptional intelligence also need exceptional schooling. Terman wrote that " are rarely given tasks which call forth their best ability, and as a result they run the risk of falling into lifelong habits of submaximum efficiency". In other words, nature (heredity) plays a large role in determining intelligence, but nurture (the environment) is also important in fostering the innate intellectual ability. By his own admission, there was nothing in his own ancestry that would have led anyone to predict him to have an intellectual career.
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Recruits who earned scores of "A" would be trained as officers while those who earned scores of "D" and "E" would never receive officer training. The work of psychologists during the war proved to
Americans that intelligence tests could have broader utility. After the war Terman and his colleagues
627:
In this same book, Terman further stated that eugenics was important in the study of intelligence because "considering the tremendous cost of vice and crime…it is evident that psychological testing has found here one of its richest applications". He further insisted that human "dullness... seems to
468:
revealed that gifted and genius children were in at least as good as average health and had normal personalities. Few of them demonstrated the previously held negative stereotypes of gifted children. He found that gifted children did not fit the existing stereotypes often associated with them: they
671:
Lewis Terman was a man of his less-than-enlightened time. He believed in eugenics, and his research project was called "Genetic
Studies of Genius." He naively assumed that his high IQ kids (nearly all white) would become the future leaders of science, industry, and politics. His inclusion of girls
635:
Perhaps a median IQ of 80 for
Italian, Portuguese, and Mexican school children in the cities of California would be a liberal estimate. How much of this inferiority is due to the language handicap and to other environmental factors it is impossible to say, but the relatively good showing made by
599:
High-grade or border-line deficiency... is very, very common among
Spanish-Indian and Mexican families of the Southwest and also among negroes. Their dullness seems to be racial, or at least inherent in the family stocks from which they come... Children of this group should be segregated into
415:
Unlike Binet and Simon, whose goal was to identify less able school children in order to aid them with the needed care required, Terman proposed using IQ tests to classify children and put them on the appropriate job-track. He believed IQ was inherited and was the strongest predictor of one's
376:, when Terman served in a psychological testing role with the United States military. Terman was able to work with other applied psychologists to categorize army recruits. The recruits were given group intelligence tests which took about an hour to administer. Testing options included
431:
Through his studies on gifted children, Terman hoped first, to discover the best educational settings for gifted children and, second, to test and dispel the negative stereotypes that gifted children were "conceited, freakish, socially eccentric, and ".
1278:"Palo Alto: Middle schools to be named after Frank Greene Jr., Ellen Fletcher: Terman Middle School will be renamed in honor of Ellen Fletcher, Jordan Middle will be renamed after Frank Greene Jr., putting end to controversy"
462:. Published in five volumes, Terman followed children with extremely high IQ in childhood throughout their lives. The fifth volume examined the children in a 35-year follow-up, and looked at the gifted group during mid-life.
860:
Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Renee; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, Gary L.; Russell, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; Powell III, John L.; Beavers, Jamie; Monte, Emmanuelle (2002).
1231:
542:, greatly expanded the science, statistics and engineering departments that helped catapult Stanford into the ranks of the world's first class educational institutions, as well as spurring the growth of
680:, and had few career options. However, Terman was above all a scientist; and he was dedicated to collecting meaningful data, and to accepting what the data showed even when it contradicted his beliefs.
1421:. First published in Murchison, Carl. (Ed.) (1930). History of Psychology in Autobiography (Vol. 2, pp. 297–331). Republished by the permission of Clark University Press, Worcester, MA.
595:
Terman's wide-scale IQ testing exposed him to diverse groups of test-takers. Administering the tests to
Spanish-speakers and unschooled African-Americans from the Southwest, he concluded:
2509:
1481:
Lewis M. Terman, "The Great
Conspiracy or the Impulse Imperious of Intelligence Testers, Psychoanalyzed and Exposed by Mr. Lippmann," New Republic 33 (December 27, 1922): 116–120.
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Terman's study of genius and gifted children was a lifelong interest. His fascination with the intelligence of children began early in his career since he was familiar with
435:
Previously, the research looking at genius adults had been retrospective, examining their early years for clues to the development of talent. With Binet's development of
1031:
Terman, L.M. (1906). Genius and stupidity: a study of some of the intellectual processes of seven 'bright' and seven 'stupid' boys. Pedagogical
Seminary, 13, 307-373.
404:
saying that those who are intellectually superior will have better "sensory acuity, strength of grip, sensitivity to pain, and memory for dictated consonants". At
703:
The
Intelligence of School Children: How Children Differ in Ability, the Use of Mental Tests in School Grading, and the Proper Education of Exceptional Children
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but they can often be made into efficient workers... from a eugenic point of view they constitute a grave problem because of their unusually prolific breeding
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384:, a picture-based test for nonreaders. 25% could not complete the Alpha test. The examiners scored the tests on a scale ranging from "A" through "E".
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340:. Terman promoted his test – the "Stanford-Binet" – as an aid for the classification of developmentally disabled children. Early on, Terman adopted
177:
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480:, one of the many successful participants in the study as well as a colleague of his, to continue with the work. The study is still supported by
476:
but Melita Oden, a colleague, completed the volume and published it. Terman wished for the study to continue on after his death, so he selected
1486:
1376:
531:
City
Councilwoman Ellen Fletcher after Terman's involvement with the eugenics movement came to the attention of parents and the school board.
1257:"School board votes to rename schools after Frank Greene, Ellen Fletcher: Divisive, years long debate ends with final decision Tuesday night"
439:, it became possible to quickly identify gifted children and study them from their early childhood into adulthood. In his 1922 paper called
2484:
664:. Stern et al. (2017) documented significant long-standing violence inflicted on those identified by eugenicists as unfit and sterilized.
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2504:
952:
1511:
Eugenical News. (1916–1922). Monthly publication of the
Eugenics Record Office, Cold Springs, NY. Retrieved on February 22, 2018, at
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1582:
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181:
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be racial, or at least inherent in the family" and found with "extraordinary frequency among Indians, Mexicans, and negroes".
1126:
921:
677:
509:
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1298:
569:
noted that the newly formed American Eugenic Organization included the following top American psychologists as its members:
561:
Terman was a member of numerous American eugenic organizations, and listed in their rosters as a leader. For example, the
1934:
412:. He administered Cattell's tests on boys who were considered intelligent versus boys who were considered unintelligent.
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1592:
1020:
201:
524:
1138:"Tracking the IQ Elite : TERMAN'S KIDS: The Groundbreaking Study of How the Gifted Grow Up, By Joel N. Shurkin"
636:
certain other immigrant groups similarly handicapped would suggest that the true causes lie deeper than environment.
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2544:
1518:
Stern, Alexandra Minna; Novak, Nicole L.; Lira, Natalie; O'Connor, Kate; Harlow, Siobán; Kardia, Sharon (2017).
210:
survey, published in 2002, ranked Terman as the 72nd most cited psychologist of the 20th century, in a tie with
1880:
513:
243:
98:
2539:
2479:
2238:
1964:
809:
581:, Clark University, C. E. Seashore, State University of Iowa, Lewis, M. Terman, Stanford University, Calif.,
410:
Genius and stupidity: a study of some of the intellectual processes of seven "bright" and seven "stupid" boys
324:
388:
pressed for intelligence tests to be used in schools to improve the efficiency of growing American schools.
2190:
1952:
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1183:
505:
341:
206:
1487:"Psychological Predictors of Long Life: An 80-year study discovers traits that help people to live longer"
842:
1398:
Schools as Sorters: Lewis M. Terman, Applied Psychology, and the Intelligence Testing Movement, 1890-1930
641:
286:
193:
1137:
443:, Terman noted that this advancement in testing marked a change in research on geniuses and giftedness.
1560:
1410:
Vialle, W. (1994). 'Termanal' science? The work of Lewis Terman revisited. Roeper Review, 17(1), 32–38.
262:
328:
in 1916 and revisions were released in 1937 and 1960. Original work on the test had been completed by
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2196:
451:
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Revisions (mostly recently the fifth) of the Stanford-Binet remain in widespread use as a measure of
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197:
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143:
879:
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657:
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1993:
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168:(January 15, 1877 – December 21, 1956) was an American psychologist, academic, and proponent of
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Terman's work in addition to other openly eugenic psychologists and education scholars such as
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103:
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2011:
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The suggestions of a significant role for genetics in IQ led Terman to later join the
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The first mass administration of IQ testing was done with 1.7 million soldiers during
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1016:
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and will continue until the last of the "Termites" withdraws from the study or dies.
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1999:
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contributed to long standing policies and practices of racial school segregation.
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Terman came to believe that IQ was, in addition to dependent on education, highly
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2256:
2089:
2017:
1922:
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911:
459:
211:
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734:
Terman, Lewis M. (December 1915). "The Mental Hygiene of Exceptional Children".
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and for initiating the longitudinal study of children with high IQs called the
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200:, and the Eugenics Research Association. He also served as president of the
939:"Lewis Madison Terman, 1877-1956: A Biographical Memoire by Edwin G. Boring"
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226:, the son of Martha P. (Cutsinger) and James William Terman. He received a
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From 1957 until 2018, a middle school was named after Terman and his son
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and remained associated with the university until his death. He served as
1958:
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in 1928 which had as part of its agenda the promotion and enforcement of
373:
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1520:"California's Sterilization Survivors: An Estimate and Call for Redress"
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756:
661:
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During his lifetime, Terman was an elected Member of the United States
377:
266:
129:
30:
16:
American educational psychologist, academic, and eugenicist (1877–1956)
1069:
Bernreuter, R. G., Miles, C.C., Tinker, M.A., & Young, K. (1942).
1056:
Bernreuter, R. G., Miles, C.C., Tinker, M.A., & Young, K. (1942).
778:
528:
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Terman followed J. McKeen Cattell's work which combined the ideas of
381:
270:
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804:
649:
436:
290:
189:
169:
1363:
Mental and Physical Traits of a Thousand Gifted Children, Volume 1
827:
Sears, R. R. (1957). L. M. Terman, pioneer in mental measurement.
1117:
Terman's Kids: The Groundbreaking Study of How the Gifted Grow Up
546:. Stanford University has an endowed professorship in his honor.
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32 (412–417), 213–215, 246–248, 275–277, 297–298, 328–330, 9–11.
487:
765:
Terman, L. M. (1922). "A New Approach to the Study of Genius".
337:
667:
A modern-day assessment of Terman's contributions concluded:
859:
527:
unanimously decided to rename the school in honor of former
1169:
Terman, L.M. (1932). Autobiography. In C. Murchison (Ed.),
673:
1517:
2510:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
1513:
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924063788834
1433:
Lippmann, Walter. (1922). "The Mental Age of Americans".
247:
1299:"Board cuts eugenicist ties with vote to rename schools"
863:"The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century"
2525:
People involved in race and intelligence controversies
1173:(pp. 297-332). Worcester, MA; Clark University Press.
573:
new active members of Eugenics Research Association…
2535:
Stanford University Department of Psychology faculty
2515:
Presidents of the American Psychological Association
472:
Terman died before he completed the fifth volume of
1297:Ashoke, Sohini & Lee, Amanda (March 31, 2017).
114:
IQ testing, Positive Psychology of Talent, eugenics
1114:
408:, Terman wrote his doctoral dissertation entitled
1405:Lewis M. Terman: Pioneer in Psychological Testing
1390:
631:Testing other groups in California, he observed:
577:, Psychological Laboratory, Princeton, N. J., G.
2461:
293:of the psychology department from 1922 to 1945.
1135:
1099:
1097:
419:
180:. Terman is best known for his revision of the
1269:
2555:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2530:Stanford Graduate School of Education faculty
1576:
1248:
1073:New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company. p. 11
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1015:. Los Altos, CA: William Kaufmann Inc. 1981.
676:of the era, since women had only just gotten
488:Role of complex tasks in developing potential
1290:
1094:
849:. The Stanford Daily Publishing Corporation.
523:. However, in 2018, the school board of the
831:, 978-979. doi:10.1126/science.125.3255.978
277:in 1907. In 1910, he joined the faculty of
1583:
1569:
1504:
1043:
789:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
494:The mental hygiene of exceptional children
1543:
1296:
878:
840:
755:
458:was from the outset a long-term study of
1425:Memorial Resolution Lewis Madison Terman
1414:Human Intelligence: Lewis Madison Terman
1007:
1005:
1003:
978:"Terman, Lewis Madison - Infoplease.com"
1377:"Psychological Predictors of Long Life"
1254:
1212:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
1112:
1060:New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
727:
600:separate classes... They cannot master
2462:
1400:(New York: New York University Press.)
1360:
1345:
1330:
1315:
1063:
997:Teigen, En psykologihistorie, page 235
936:
764:
733:
346:mental age/chronological age times 100
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1407:(New York: New York University Press.
1275:
1000:
510:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
441:A New Approach to the Study of Genius
391:
1383:. psychologytoday.com. June 5, 2012.
916:. Infobase Publishing. p. 343.
909:
843:"Eugenics on the Farm: Lewis Terman"
300:, is widely credited (together with
2485:Canterbury College (Indiana) alumni
903:
565:(1916), publication of the leading
13:
2550:American educational psychologists
1593:American Psychological Association
672:was an important exception to the
369:for both adults and for children.
230:, BPd (Bachelor of Pedagogy), and
202:American Psychological Association
182:Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales
14:
2566:
2505:American intelligence researchers
1524:American Journal of Public Health
1441:
1255:Kadvany, Elena (March 28, 2018).
913:Education and Learning in America
525:Palo Alto Unified School District
492:In 1915, he wrote a paper called
176:in the early 20th century at the
1464:
1419:Autobiography of Lewis M. Terman
1148:from the original on 2012-11-08.
1136:Frederic Golden (May 31, 1992).
937:Boring, Edwin Garrigues (1959).
446:Terman found his answers in his
29:
2495:Factors related to intelligence
1369:
1354:
1348:The Measurement of Intelligence
1339:
1333:The Measurement of Intelligence
1324:
1318:The Measurement of Intelligence
1309:
1276:Kelly, Kevin (March 28, 2018).
1224:
1200:
1176:
1171:A history of psychology, Vol.II
1163:
1154:
1106:
1085:
1076:
1034:
1025:
691:The Measurement of Intelligence
684:
311:
238:in 1894 and 1898, and a BA and
172:. He was noted as a pioneer in
106:(B.S., B.Pd., 1894; B.A., 1898)
1472:Works by or about Lewis Terman
1391:References and further reading
1381:Looking in the Cultural Mirror
991:
970:
945:
930:
853:
834:
821:
748:10.1080/08919402.1915.10533983
514:American Philosophical Society
244:Indiana University Bloomington
99:Indiana University Bloomington
1:
1448:Works by Lewis Madison Terman
1121:. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.
841:Maldonado, Ben (2019-11-06).
810:Eugenics in the United States
721:Autobiography of Lewis Terman
709:The Stanford Achievement Test
697:The Use of Intelligence Tests
325:Binet-Simon Intelligence Test
316:
217:
1396:Chapman, Paul Davis. (1988)
941:. Stanford University Press.
867:Review of General Psychology
787:The gifted group at mid-life
785:Terman, L.M. (Ed.). (1959).
506:National Academy of Sciences
420:Psychology of Extreme Talent
207:Review of General Psychology
178:Stanford School of Education
7:
1463:(public domain audiobooks)
953:"Palo Alto History Project"
793:
642:Human Betterment Foundation
549:
416:ultimate success in life.
304:) with being the father of
287:Ellwood Patterson Cubberley
194:Human Betterment Foundation
10:
2571:
474:Genetic Studies of Genius,
428:'s research in this area.
358:. Later revisions adopted
2500:Indiana University alumni
2308:
2147:
1986:
1825:
1664:
1599:
889:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139
715:Genetic Studies of Genius
585:, Johns Hopkins Hospital.
499:
466:Genetic Studies of Genius
456:Genetic Studies of Genius
454:. Initiated in 1921, the
452:Genetic Studies of Genius
380:, a text-based test, and
323:Stanford Revision of the
275:Los Angeles Normal School
246:in 1903. He received his
198:American Eugenics Society
192:, he was a member of the
186:Genetic Studies of Genius
159:
149:
144:Los Angeles Normal School
135:
125:
118:
110:
89:
81:
63:
37:
28:
21:
2418:Jessica Henderson Daniel
1536:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303489
1403:Minton, Henry L. (1988)
910:Reef, Catherine (2010).
815:
736:The Pedagogical Seminary
658:compulsory sterilization
2490:Clark University alumni
2382:Suzanne Bennett Johnson
1994:Robert Richardson Sears
1839:Harry Levi Hollingworth
1726:Walter Bowers Pillsbury
1631:George Stuart Fullerton
1071:Studies in personality.
1058:Studies in personality.
478:Robert Richardson Sears
224:Johnson County, Indiana
56:Johnson County, Indiana
2545:Inventors from Indiana
2102:George Armitage Miller
1792:Margaret Floy Washburn
1708:Henry Rutgers Marshall
1361:Terman, Lewis (1925).
1346:Terman, Lewis (1916).
1331:Terman, Lewis (1916).
1316:Terman, Lewis (1916).
1208:"Lewis Madison Terman"
1113:Shurkin, Joel (1992).
1011:May V. Seagoe (1975).
800:Cognitive epidemiology
682:
638:
606:
593:
567:Eugenic Records Office
362:cohort-norming of IQ.
283:educational psychology
236:Central Normal College
174:educational psychology
104:Central Normal College
1457:Works by Lewis Terman
1283:San Jose Mercury News
1013:Terman and the gifted
669:
633:
597:
571:
534:Frederick Terman, as
351:intelligence quotient
321:Terman published the
285:at the invitation of
75:Palo Alto, California
2540:Writers from Indiana
2480:American eugenicists
2424:Rosie Phillips Davis
2155:Wilbert J. McKeachie
1935:John Edward Anderson
1875:Louis Leon Thurstone
1869:Walter Richard Miles
1863:Walter Samuel Hunter
1786:Shepherd Ivory Franz
1720:Charles Hubbard Judd
1702:James Rowland Angell
1625:James McKeen Cattell
1613:George Trumbull Ladd
1236:search.amphilsoc.org
1232:"APS Member History"
767:Psychological Review
728:Partial bibliography
450:on gifted children:
367:general intelligence
166:Lewis Madison Terman
42:Lewis Madison Terman
2376:Melba J. T. Vasquez
2245:Charles Spielberger
2203:Janet Taylor Spence
2012:Orval Hobart Mowrer
2006:Laurance F. Shaffer
1887:Albert Poffenberger
1750:Robert S. Woodworth
1696:Mary Whiton Calkins
1429:Stanford University
540:Stanford University
482:Stanford University
344:'s suggestion that
279:Stanford University
222:Terman was born in
140:Stanford University
2370:Carol D. Goodheart
2138:Donald T. Campbell
1929:Calvin Perry Stone
1917:Leonard Carmichael
1816:I. Madison Bentley
1774:John Wallace Baird
1714:George M. Stratton
1684:William Lowe Bryan
1637:James Mark Baldwin
1591:Presidents of the
717:(1925, 1947, 1959)
448:longitudinal study
392:Origins of ability
281:as a professor of
269:in 1905, and as a
188:. As a prominent
2457:
2456:
2436:Jennifer F. Kelly
2406:Susan H. McDaniel
2388:Donald N. Bersoff
2316:Norine G. Johnson
2299:Patrick H. DeLeon
2269:Robert J. Resnick
2227:Raymond D. Fowler
2221:Bonnie Strickland
2173:Nicholas Cummings
2167:M. Brewster Smith
2066:Charles E. Osgood
1947:Edwin Ray Guthrie
1780:Walter Dill Scott
1452:Project Gutenberg
1320:. pp. 91–92.
1188:www.nasonline.org
1184:"Lewis M. Terman"
1142:Los Angeles Times
1128:978-0-316-78890-8
923:978-1-4381-2690-6
847:stanforddaily.com
678:the right to vote
652:group founded by
614:Leta Hollingworth
163:
162:
150:Doctoral students
120:Scientific career
101:(B.A, M.A., 1903)
67:December 21, 1956
2562:
2520:Psychometricians
2442:Frank C. Worrell
2340:Ronald F. Levant
2334:Diane F. Halpern
2328:Robert Sternberg
2251:Jack Wiggins Jr.
2233:Joseph Matarazzo
2179:Florence Denmark
2161:Theodore H. Blau
2114:Kenneth B. Clark
2024:Theodore Newcomb
2000:J. McVicker Hunt
1899:Edward C. Tolman
1857:Herbert Langfeld
1744:Howard C. Warren
1738:Edward Thorndike
1643:Hugo MĂĽnsterberg
1585:
1578:
1571:
1562:
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1557:
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1508:
1494:
1491:Psychology Today
1476:Internet Archive
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838:
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779:10.1037/h0071072
761:
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610:Edward Thorndike
591:
521:Frederick Terman
406:Clark University
360:David Wechsler's
302:William Shockley
298:Frederick Terman
259:school principal
252:Clark University
94:Clark University
70:
52:January 15, 1877
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2322:Philip Zimbardo
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2287:Martin Seligman
2257:Frank H. Farley
2143:
2090:Gardner Lindzey
2042:Wolfgang Köhler
2018:E. Lowell Kelly
1982:
1923:Herbert Woodrow
1881:Joseph Peterson
1821:
1810:G. Stanley Hall
1660:
1607:G. Stanley Hall
1595:
1589:
1493:. June 5, 2012.
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880:10.1.1.586.1913
858:
854:
839:
835:
826:
822:
818:
796:
730:
687:
592:
589:
552:
502:
490:
460:gifted children
422:
394:
319:
314:
257:He worked as a
220:
212:G. Stanley Hall
142:
102:
97:
90:Alma mater
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72:
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2400:Barry S. Anton
2397:
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2239:Stanley Graham
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2209:Robert Perloff
2206:
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2185:John J. Conger
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2151:
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2135:
2132:Albert Bandura
2129:
2126:Leona E. Tyler
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2096:Abraham Maslow
2093:
2087:
2084:Nicholas Hobbs
2081:
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2054:Neal E. Miller
2051:
2048:Donald O. Hebb
2045:
2039:
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2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1977:J. P. Guilford
1974:
1971:Ernest Hilgard
1968:
1965:Donald Marquis
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1941:Gardner Murphy
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1911:Gordon Allport
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
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1842:
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1833:Harvey A. Carr
1829:
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1820:
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1813:
1807:
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1795:
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1783:
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1756:John B. Watson
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
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1723:
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1678:Edmund Sanford
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1655:Joseph Jastrow
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1160:(Terman, 1915)
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1082:(Terman, 1922)
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1021:978-0913232279
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563:Eugenical News
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1365:. p. 57.
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979:
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959:on 2010-01-16
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619:
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575:C. C. Brigham
570:
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398:Wilhelm Wundt
389:
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342:William Stern
339:
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327:
326:
309:
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303:
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96:(Ph.D., 1905)
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
66:
62:
57:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
2448:Thema Bryant
2352:Sharon Brehm
2309:2001–present
2215:Logan Wright
2108:George Albee
2036:Harry Harlow
2030:Lee Cronbach
1851:Karl Lashley
1845:Edwin Boring
1804:Lewis Terman
1803:
1672:Josiah Royce
1530:(1): 50–54.
1527:
1523:
1502:Find a Grave
1498:Lewis Terman
1434:
1404:
1397:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1356:
1347:
1341:
1332:
1326:
1317:
1311:
1302:
1292:
1281:
1271:
1260:
1250:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:
1226:
1215:. Retrieved
1211:
1202:
1191:. Retrieved
1187:
1178:
1170:
1165:
1156:
1141:
1116:
1108:
1091:Minton, 1988
1087:
1078:
1070:
1065:
1057:
1036:
1027:
1012:
993:
981:. Retrieved
972:
961:. Retrieved
957:the original
947:
932:
912:
905:
870:
866:
855:
846:
836:
829:Science, 125
828:
823:
786:
770:
766:
739:
735:
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
685:Publications
670:
666:
654:E. S. Gosney
639:
634:
630:
626:
618:Carl Brigham
607:
602:abstractions
598:
594:
579:Stanley Hall
572:
562:
560:
553:
533:
518:
503:
493:
491:
473:
471:
465:
464:
455:
445:
440:
434:
430:
426:Alfred Binet
423:
414:
409:
395:
386:
371:
364:
355:
349:
348:be made the
345:
330:Alfred Binet
322:
320:
312:Achievements
295:
256:
221:
205:
165:
164:
154:Harry Harlow
136:Institutions
119:
69:(1956-12-21)
23:Lewis Terman
2475:1956 deaths
2470:1877 births
1959:Carl Rogers
1303:Gunn Oracle
757:10192/27397
374:World War I
82:Nationality
2464:Categories
2197:Max Siegel
1649:John Dewey
1241:2023-02-02
1217:2023-02-02
1193:2023-02-02
963:2015-05-05
662:California
590:p. 53
512:, and the
378:Army Alpha
317:IQ testing
267:California
218:Background
190:eugenicist
130:Psychology
48:1877-01-15
2148:1976–2000
1987:1951–1975
1826:1926–1950
1665:1901–1925
1600:1892–1900
983:8 October
897:145668721
875:CiteSeerX
556:heritable
529:Palo Alto
382:Army Beta
296:His son,
271:professor
254:in 1905.
242:from the
1554:27854540
1461:LibriVox
1146:Archived
805:Aptitude
794:See also
660:laws in
650:eugenics
646:Pasadena
588:—
550:Eugenics
437:IQ tests
291:chairman
170:eugenics
85:American
1545:5308144
1474:at the
648:-based
536:provost
2450:(2023)
2444:(2022)
2438:(2021)
2432:(2020)
2426:(2019)
2420:(2018)
2414:(2017)
2408:(2016)
2402:(2015)
2396:(2014)
2390:(2013)
2384:(2012)
2378:(2011)
2372:(2010)
2366:(2009)
2360:(2008)
2354:(2007)
2348:(2006)
2342:(2005)
2336:(2004)
2330:(2003)
2324:(2002)
2318:(2001)
2301:(2000)
2295:(1999)
2289:(1998)
2283:(1997)
2277:(1996)
2271:(1995)
2265:(1994)
2259:(1993)
2253:(1992)
2247:(1991)
2241:(1990)
2235:(1989)
2229:(1988)
2223:(1987)
2217:(1986)
2211:(1985)
2205:(1984)
2199:(1983)
2193:(1982)
2187:(1981)
2181:(1980)
2175:(1979)
2169:(1978)
2163:(1977)
2157:(1976)
2140:(1975)
2134:(1974)
2128:(1973)
2122:(1972)
2116:(1971)
2110:(1970)
2104:(1969)
2098:(1968)
2092:(1967)
2086:(1966)
2080:(1965)
2074:(1964)
2068:(1963)
2062:(1962)
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