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494:, but remained active in the firm. By 1973, the firm was employing around 40 associates and was responsible for the structural design of airport terminals, bridges, high-rise apartments, hospitals, office buildings, offshore facilities, museums, schools and sports arenas. In 1977, the firm was sold to Charles Thornton and Richard Tomasetti, both former students of Zetlin and employees of LZA, who formed the firm
634:, Zetlin faced the challenge of soft soil in the area, and he needed a building that was lighter than conventional structures. To accomplish this, he designed the structure with a roof suspended on two layers of cables. Zetlin's design for the 260-feet-span roof was constructed without any cranes or scaffolding. It was able to withstand
711:. Johnson, who was the architect of the pavilion, said that Zetlin was "the best engineer I ever had – exciting, imaginative and reliable, a combination that's hard to get." Zetlin was the structural engineer for 13 other buildings at the fair. Among these was the Travelers Insurance Pavillion in which he used a set of
719:'s logo. Zetlin was also the structural designer on the Kodak Pavillion for which he used a concrete shell of varying thickness to build the columns and cloud-like roof of the pavilion. On top of this roof structure was a walkway that led visitors along sculptured fountains, pools of water, and a tower featuring
414:
In 1944, Zetlin started a solo engineering consulting firm in Tel Aviv. Until 1948, he worked for Israel's
Department of Agricultural and Industrial Settlements as chief structural engineer while maintaining his independent consulting practice which he continued to operate until 1950.
30:
776:
For the
International Paper Company in 1970, he designed the Paper Bridge made out of paper and glue that allowed a 12,000 lb (5,400 kg) truck to drive over the bridge more than 40 times while spanning the 32 ft (9.8 m) over a gorge in the
801:. Several of Zetlin's bold designs have yet to be tested, including several creative designs for hangars, portable roof structures for aircraft, structures for underwater deep-sea exploration, and a reimagining of the
619:. While the area around columns is typically considered a weak point in the slab and would be further strained by an opening, Zetlin was able to overcome this issue by further reinforcing the area and utilizing the
836:
In 1969, Zetlin was awarded the Gold Medal from the Société Arts, Sciences, Lettres in France largely because of his work on the 1964–65 New York World's Fair. He has twice won the Honor Award from the
583:
construction project. Following his report in which he concluded that the bridge was unsafe and should not be opened, Senator
Richard D. Fessler, chair of the Senate Transportation Committee of the
638:
because one set of cables pulls against the other, damping vibrations that could lead to catastrophic failures. This was the second building to employ a cable suspended roof, after the
506:
In the late 1970s, Zetlin started Zetlin-Argo
Structural Investigations, a consulting firm which specialized in the forensic investigation of structural failures. The firm, based in
389:
and graduated in 1951 with a master's in civil engineering. The university invited him to remain as a research associate and work towards a doctoral thesis. He earned his Ph.D. in
1651:
642:, but the first to use the double layer bicycle wheel roof system. Zetlin obtained a patent on this self-damping cable system and used it on other buildings such as the
468:
beginning in 1964 and was also a member of the board of consultants in civil engineering for
Manhattan College in 1965. Further, Zetlin was on the advisory board of the
741:
which used eight steel, space frame trusses to span the 365-foot (111 m) roof. Zetlin collaborated with several other architects throughout his career. With
418:
After earning his doctorate, Zetlin served as assistant professor of civil engineering at
Cornell University from 1953 to 1955. He also briefly worked for the
838:
359:
291:, he developed several innovations in structural engineering including the double layer bicycle wheel roof system which he first employed at the
510:, was involved in a number of notable investigations. In 1979–80, Zetlin served on the board investigating the cracking in the concrete of the
88:
326:. Later in his career, he founded Zetlin-Argo Structural Investigations and consulted on several notable structural failure investigations.
310:. After starting Lev Zetlin & Associates in 1956, he designed a number of structures that attracted the attention of architects such as
452:(LZA), an engineering consulting firm in New York City, and the same year began teaching advanced structures at the Engineering School of
833:. In 1964, the Concrete Industry Board honored Zetlin with a special award for the Eastman Kodak Pavilion at the New York World's Fair.
545:
994:
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287:(July 14, 1918 – December 4, 1992) was an Israeli-American civil and structural engineer. Founder of the engineering consulting firm
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861:
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1656:
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746:
522:, Canada. His former firm, Lev Zetlin & Associates, and Zetlin himself were hired to look into the 1978 roof collapse at the
773:. Zetlin used precast arch segments of wall and floor structures that can be assembled to create spaces in a variety of shapes.
1626:
814:
700:
1317:
695:, Israel, in which Zetlin created a round building with a slightly curved roof instead of the typical "bosom" design used in
427:
1079:
Wilson, Forrest (March 1988). "The
Intuition of the Structural Engineer, Interviews with five distinguished practitioners".
565:
818:
1033:
306:
Born in Russia, Zetlin began his career in Israel and moved in 1950 to New York to earn his master's and doctorate from
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464:, where he served as professor of civil engineering until 1967. Zetlin served as a consultant on research for
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487:(UVA). He concurrently led the Interdisciplinary Center for Research and Innovation in Building at UVA.
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with whom he had a collaborative career. At various times during his career, Zetlin was a professor at
288:
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Lior, R. (June 10, 1962). "An engineer from Tel Aviv has taken the very top of
American Engineering".
778:
660:
627:
371:
346:, Iran. He attended high school and university in Palestine. In 1939, he graduated with a diploma in
272:
135:
707:, where Zetlin used the same double layer cable technique for the 350-foot (110 m) span of the
754:
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715:-shaped frames and a tension belt of cables to create a structure in the form of an umbrella as in
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with a suspension structure that would lift ships in their entirety and transport them over land.
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883:) for 46 years. They had three children: Alexandra, Thalia, and Michael. Lev Zetlin died of
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On his first project after receiving his Ph.D. in 1953, Zetlin designed a building for the
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8:
829:. He received the same award again in 1964 for his design of the Kline Science Center at
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476:. He was later chairman of the board of trustees at Manhattan College and served on the
338:, Russia, on July 14, 1918. His family intended to move to Palestine in 1921 due to the
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by way of Iran, where Zetlin received his early education at the
American College in
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The design of the Utica
Memorial Auditorium attracted the attention of architect
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457:
319:
1401:"Tomorrow's World: The New York World's Fairs and Flushing Meadows Corona Park"
1209:
McQuade, Walter (November 19, 1979). "Why All Those Buildings Are Collapsing".
884:
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398:
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699:. Zetlin and Johnson also worked on several other projects together including
587:, called for a hearing about the project. Zetlin's firm also investigated the
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and later patented. Zetlin was the structural engineer on 14 pavilions at the
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to run along the columns of a flat-plate building by leaving openings in the
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Zetlin and Johnson worked together on several other projects including the
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In 1967, he became professor of architecture and civil engineering at the
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472:, an independent federal agency, and served on the advisory panel of the
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891:, Wisconsin. His funeral service was held in New York two days later.
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for his superbay hangar designs. He was made a Knight of Honor by the
888:
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while working in the U.S. He developed a technique to allow vertical
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from 1941 to 1943. Zetlin was later commissioned as a captain in the
73:
69:
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In 1972, Zetlin won the Architectural Award of Excellence from the
854:
781:. The bridge weighing 9,000 lb (4,100 kg) is held by the
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on December 4, 1992, at the age of 74, at St. Mary's Hospital in
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552:) in 1981 that killed 113 people. In 1983, he investigated the
343:
1272:
Mleczko, Louis (March 2, 1987). "Bridge safety to be probed".
720:
329:
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which utilized his double layer cable suspended roof design.
29:
946:
Emerging Form in Architecture: Conversations with Lev Zetlin
490:
In October 1971, he sold LZA to Gable Industries, owned by
426:
where his first project was designing hangar structures at
1293:
50 Years: Utica Memorial Auditorium, Commemorative Booklet
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1194:"Engineer Claims Technology Can Cut Building Costs 90%".
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first for his work on the Bluebeard's Hill Apartments in
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1326:
1253:
1109:"Lev Zetlin Advocates a Fresh Approach to Structures".
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Mleczko, Louis (1986). "Bridge and building expert".
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In 1950, Zetlin moved to the United States to attend
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in London, England, before being commissioned in the
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995:"Lev Zetlin, 74, an Expert on Structural Disasters"
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761:. Zetlin was also the structural designer of the
1652:Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni
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839:U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
434:Lev Zetlin & Associates and academic career
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793:. By 1973, two such hangars had been built in
1295:. Utica Memorial Auditorium. 2010. p. 2.
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785:. Zetlin also designed a superbay hangar for
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825:for his work on a medium security prison in
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1437:"Lev Zetlin; Probed Civic Center Collapse"
1399:Kuhn, Jonathan; Lantzas, Jennifer (2014).
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821:in 1960. He was the recipient of the 1963
501:
330:Early life, education and military service
28:
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862:American Institute of Steel Construction
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747:Krannert Center for the Performing Arts
350:from the High Technical Institute (now
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949:. Cahners Publishing. pp. 12–13.
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815:Society of American Military Engineers
533:First day of the investigation of the
877:
753:. Among Zetlin's other works are the
428:John F. Kennedy International Airport
1371:"The Sydney Opera House: A Survivor"
1139:"Zetlin Named to Engineering Post".
1061:
1034:"Creativity Through Applied Science"
808:
757:and several projects with architect
370:from 1948 to 1950 and fought in the
1309:Architects + Engineers = Structures
993:Lambert, Bruce (December 5, 1992).
819:American Society of Civil Engineers
817:in 1954 and became a fellow of the
13:
1369:Wilson, Forrest (September 1989).
599:Structural designs and innovations
478:New York State Council on the Arts
382:and other war-related structures.
14:
1673:
1233:"The innovations of Lev Zetlin".
866:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
843:Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
644:Salt Lake County Civic Auditorium
378:, overseeing the construction of
871:
751:University of Illinois at Urbana
667:
653:
225:
168:
116:forensic structural investigator
1607:20th-century American engineers
1544:
1392:
1362:
1299:
1265:
1202:
1187:
739:Niagara Falls Convention Center
470:General Services Administration
409:
1662:Immigrants of the Third Aliyah
1657:University of Virginia faculty
1612:20th-century Israeli engineers
1072:
1055:
823:Progressive Architecture Award
540:Zetlin later investigated the
535:Hyatt Regency walkway collapse
374:as a company commander in the
1:
1627:American structural engineers
1081:Architecture, the AIA Journal
894:
705:1964–65 New York World's Fair
560:and the roof collapse of the
443:Soreq Nuclear Research Center
297:1964–65 New York World's Fair
1032:Levine, Robert (June 1993).
558:Interstate 95 in Connecticut
474:National Academy of Sciences
7:
1553:"What Is a Civil Engineer?"
876:Zetlin was married to Eve (
765:, a religious community in
450:Lev Zetlin & Associates
289:Lev Zetlin & Associates
10:
1678:
813:Zetlin was elected to the
687:. Together, they designed
1642:Manhattan College faculty
1632:Cornell University alumni
1617:American bridge engineers
1041:Modern Steel Construction
779:Valley of Fire State Park
661:Utica Memorial Auditorium
628:Utica Memorial Auditorium
589:L'Ambiance Plaza collapse
456:. In 1961, he joined the
404:
358:. He matriculated at the
293:Utica Memorial Auditorium
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1622:American civil engineers
1306:Margolius, Ivan (2002).
943:Wilson, Forrest (1975).
769:, designed by architect
755:Roosevelt Island Tramway
732:Roosevelt Island Tramway
579:in 1986 to evaluate the
508:West Palm Beach, Florida
448:In 1956, Zetlin founded
216:Israeli military service
159:British military service
146:Roosevelt Island Tramway
89:High Technical Institute
1647:Pratt Institute faculty
1637:Israeli civil engineers
1196:Philadelphia Daily News
1111:Engineering News-Record
783:Smithsonian Institution
709:New York State Pavilion
675:New York State Pavilion
605:Hadassah Medical Center
593:Bridgeport, Connecticut
570:Jersey City, New Jersey
502:Later consulting career
360:City and Guilds College
334:Lev Zetlin was born in
301:New York State Pavilion
141:New York State Pavilion
734:
636:aeroelastic fluttering
537:
485:University of Virginia
445:
401:from Cornell in 1953.
391:structural engineering
324:University of Virginia
1557:The Military Engineer
1312:. Wiley. p. 64.
1198:. UPI. June 25, 1969.
729:
550:Kansas City, Missouri
542:collapse of a walkway
532:
524:Hartford Civic Center
441:
372:1948 Arab–Israeli War
273:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1551:Zetlin, Lev (1975).
1237:. February 10, 1973.
827:Leesburg, New Jersey
789:that could fit four
585:Michigan Legislature
575:Zetlin was hired by
516:1976 Winter Olympics
420:Ammann & Whitney
1408:The Arsenal Gallery
1145:. October 25, 1967.
845:, in 1968, and the
763:Porat Yosef Yeshiva
554:Mianus River Bridge
546:Hyatt Regency Hotel
380:transmission towers
110:Structural engineer
1541:, p. 209–212.
1529:, p. 202–207.
1517:, p. 195–198.
1505:, p. 176–194.
1493:, p. 112–115.
1481:, p. 116–117.
1443:. December 8, 1992
1347:, p. 213–214.
1276:. pp. 1A, 4A.
1142:The Cavalier Daily
999:The New York Times
745:, he designed the
735:
703:in Utica, and the
538:
496:Thornton Tomasetti
446:
387:Cornell University
308:Cornell University
251:Service years
190:Service years
96:, M.S. & Ph.D.
94:Cornell University
1319:978-0-471-49825-4
1250:, p. 15, 18.
809:Awards and honors
787:American Airlines
689:a nuclear reactor
454:Manhattan College
395:applied mechanics
368:Israeli Air Force
348:civil engineering
340:Russian Civil War
316:Manhattan College
282:
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241:Israeli Air Force
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1113:. March 4, 1965.
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1065:Yedioth Ahronoth
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697:nuclear reactors
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581:Zilwaukee Bridge
577:The Detroit News
514:, built for the
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62:December 4, 1992
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831:Yale University
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632:Utica, New York
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512:Olympic Stadium
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458:Pratt Institute
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743:Max Abramovitz
685:Philip Johnson
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621:shear strength
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566:Journal Square
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399:soil mechanics
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299:including the
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66:(aged 74)
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1380:. p. 106
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1235:Business Week
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1213:. p. 63.
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1445:. Retrieved
1440:
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1410:. p. 35
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1378:Architecture
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1043:. p. 14
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410:Early career
384:
364:British Army
333:
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202:World War II
184:British Army
128:Notable work
64:(1992-12-04)
15:
1602:1992 deaths
1597:1918 births
1539:Wilson 1975
1527:Wilson 1975
1515:Wilson 1975
1503:Wilson 1975
1491:Wilson 1975
1479:Wilson 1975
1467:Levine 1993
1357:Levine 1993
1345:Wilson 1975
1333:Levine 1993
1260:Levine 1993
1248:Levine 1993
1182:Levine 1993
1124:Levine 1993
857:, in 1970.
799:Los Angeles
791:Boeing 747s
717:the company
595:, in 1987.
564:station at
492:J. B. Fuqua
104:Occupations
1591:Categories
895:References
730:Towers of
322:, and the
285:Lev Zetlin
221:Allegiance
164:Allegiance
43:1918-07-14
22:Lev Zetlin
1569:0026-3982
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889:Milwaukee
868:in 1973.
851:Baltimore
713:boomerang
609:Jerusalem
356:Palestine
254:1948–1950
193:1941–1943
119:professor
82:Education
74:Wisconsin
70:Milwaukee
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