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Lev Mechnikov

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He enrolled at a number of different universities in Russia, where he studied various subjects including languages, medicine, physics and the arts. Due to his involvement in revolutionary activism, he was eventually suspended from attending lectures. In 1860, he moved to Italy, where he fought under
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In January 1874, he moved to Japan, where he worked as a teacher for two years, before returning to Switzerland. There he gave lectures about Japan at the
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During this period, he wrote numerous works on sociology, geography and anarchist political theory. In his 1886 article
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Mechnikov fell ill in 1887, which forced him to retire from teaching. He died on 30 June [
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White, James D. (1976). "Despotism and Anarchy: The Sociological Thought of L. I. Mechnikov".
263:, posthumously published in 1889, he elaborated his thoughts on the origin and development of 799: 276: 167:; 30 May 1838 – 30 June 1888) was a Russian geographer, sociologist and anarchist theorist. 764: 759: 299: 217: 197: 92: 8: 267:: the lowest stage of civilisation involved the creation of public organisations through 139: 674: 272: 192: 352: 644: 621: 589: 550: 585: 743: 731: 719: 636: 581: 213:. That same year, he moved to Switzerland, where he lived and worked for 10 years. 206: 180: 152: 70: 225: 321: 280: 210: 160: 620:. Géographie sociale. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes. pp. 23–34. 184: 74: 753: 648: 288: 616:. In Clerval, Anne; Fleury, Antoine; Rebotier, Julien; Weber, Serge (eds.). 526: 237: 613: 284: 129: 104: 678: 534: 125: 252: 428: 268: 202: 115: 96: 264: 256: 39: 693: 498: 275:; and the highest stage was characterised by the formation of 482: 612:
Ferretti, Federico; Pelletier, Philippe (January 29, 2019).
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and published a journal about East Asia, together with
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He also collaborated with 170: 7: 201:. In 1864, while living in 10: 826: 572:Zhereb, Alexandra (2019). 549:Jud, Peter (11 May 2009). 298:18 June] 1888 in 302:, in the Swiss canton of 179:18 May] 1838 in 156: 135: 121: 111: 81: 56: 37: 30: 23: 353:Revolution and Evolution 259:. In his sociology book 245:Revolution and Evolution 236:, where he also founded 31: 576:. In Ritzer, G. (ed.). 251:tended inexorably from 249:sociocultural evolution 234:University of Neuchâtel 277:voluntary associations 164: 701:at Wikimedia Commons 183:, the capital of the 533:(in French). Paris: 218:University of Geneva 157:Лев Ильи́ч Ме́чников 149:Lev Ilyich Mechnikov 780:Anarchist theorists 327:The Japanese Empire 222:François Turrettini 551:"Léon Metchnikoff" 527:"METCHNIKOFF Léon" 273:division of labour 193:Giuseppe Garibaldi 697:Media related to 627:978-2-7535-6398-8 322:L'Empire Japonais 247:, he argued that 146: 145: 817: 742: 741: 740: 730: 729: 728: 718: 717: 716: 709: 699:Leon Metchnikoff 696: 682: 659: 657: 655: 631: 599: 580:. pp. 1–2. 568: 566: 564: 545: 543: 541: 512: 502: 496: 486: 480: 474: 465: 459: 446: 432: 426: 420: 409: 399: 393: 383: 207:Alexander Herzen 181:Saint Petersburg 165:Léon Metchnikoff 158: 140:Élie Metchnikoff 88: 71:Saint Petersburg 66: 64: 50: 47: 42: 21: 20: 825: 824: 820: 819: 818: 816: 815: 814: 750: 749: 748: 738: 736: 726: 724: 714: 712: 704: 690: 685: 653: 651: 628: 607: 605:Further reading 602: 596: 562: 560: 539: 537: 520: 515: 511:, pp. 1–2. 503: 499: 487: 483: 479:, pp. 1–2. 475: 468: 460: 449: 433: 429: 421: 412: 400: 396: 384: 367: 363: 312: 281:ancient history 211:Mikhail Bakunin 173: 107: 90: 86: 77: 68: 62: 60: 52: 48: 33: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 823: 813: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 747: 746: 734: 722: 689: 688:External links 686: 684: 683: 673:(3): 395–411. 660: 632: 626: 608: 606: 603: 601: 600: 594: 569: 546: 521: 519: 516: 514: 513: 497: 481: 466: 447: 427: 410: 394: 364: 362: 359: 358: 357: 348: 347: 343: 342: 330: 317: 316: 311: 310:Selected works 308: 185:Russian Empire 172: 169: 144: 143: 137: 133: 132: 123: 119: 118: 113: 109: 108: 91: 89:(aged 50) 83: 79: 78: 75:Russian Empire 69: 58: 54: 53: 43: 35: 34: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 822: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 795:Japanologists 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 757: 755: 745: 735: 733: 723: 721: 711: 710: 707: 702: 700: 695: 680: 676: 672: 668: 667: 661: 650: 646: 642: 638: 633: 629: 623: 619: 615: 610: 609: 597: 595:9781405165518 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 570: 558: 557: 552: 547: 536: 532: 528: 523: 522: 510: 506: 501: 494: 490: 485: 478: 473: 471: 463: 458: 456: 454: 452: 444: 440: 436: 431: 424: 419: 417: 415: 407: 403: 398: 391: 387: 382: 380: 378: 376: 374: 372: 370: 365: 355: 354: 350: 349: 345: 344: 340: 336: 335: 331: 328: 324: 323: 319: 318: 314: 313: 307: 305: 301: 297: 292: 290: 289:modern period 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 241: 239: 235: 231: 227: 226:Elisée Reclus 223: 219: 214: 212: 208: 204: 200: 199: 194: 188: 186: 182: 178: 168: 166: 162: 154: 150: 141: 138: 134: 131: 127: 124: 122:Occupation(s) 120: 117: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 84: 80: 76: 72: 59: 55: 41: 36: 29: 25:Lev Mechnikov 22: 19: 800:Russian Jews 691: 670: 664: 652:. Retrieved 640: 617: 577: 561:. Retrieved 554: 538:. Retrieved 530: 518:Bibliography 505:Enckell 2014 500: 495:, p. 2. 489:Enckell 2014 484: 462:Enckell 2014 445:, p. 1. 435:Enckell 2014 430: 425:, p. 1. 408:, p. 1. 397: 386:Enckell 2014 351: 338: 332: 326: 320: 293: 260: 244: 242: 229: 215: 198:Risorgimento 196: 189: 174: 148: 147: 87:(1888-06-30) 85:30 June 1888 32:Лев Мечников 18: 765:1888 deaths 760:1838 births 654:27 February 641:Geografares 563:25 November 559:(in German) 540:27 February 509:Zhereb 2019 493:Zhereb 2019 477:Zhereb 2019 443:Zhereb 2019 423:Zhereb 2019 406:Zhereb 2019 285:Middle Ages 195:during the 130:sociologist 112:Nationality 105:Switzerland 67:30 May 1838 49: 1880 44:Mechnikov ( 754:Categories 535:Le Maitron 361:References 126:Geographer 63:1838-05-30 744:Geography 732:Biography 720:Anarchism 649:2175-3709 253:despotism 238:Neuchâtel 171:Biography 142:(brother) 136:Relatives 439:Jud 2009 402:Jud 2009 390:Jud 2009 346:Articles 269:coercion 203:Florence 97:Montreux 706:Portals 679:4207300 300:Clarens 265:society 257:anarchy 228:on his 153:Russian 116:Russian 93:Clarens 677:  647:  643:(32). 624:  592:  356:(1886) 341:(1889) 329:(1881) 161:French 675:JSTOR 315:Books 656:2024 645:ISSN 622:ISBN 590:ISBN 565:2020 542:2024 304:Vaud 296:O.S. 209:and 177:O.S. 101:Vaud 82:Died 57:Born 582:doi 255:to 756:: 671:54 669:. 639:. 588:. 553:. 529:. 507:; 491:; 469:^ 450:^ 441:; 437:; 413:^ 404:; 388:; 368:^ 337:/ 325:/ 306:. 291:. 187:. 163:: 159:; 155:: 128:, 103:, 99:, 95:, 73:, 46:c. 708:: 681:. 658:. 630:. 598:. 584:: 567:. 544:. 464:. 392:. 151:( 65:) 61:( 51:)

Index


Saint Petersburg
Russian Empire
Clarens
Montreux
Vaud
Switzerland
Russian
Geographer
sociologist
Élie Metchnikoff
Russian
French
O.S.
Saint Petersburg
Russian Empire
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Risorgimento
Florence
Alexander Herzen
Mikhail Bakunin
University of Geneva
François Turrettini
Elisée Reclus
University of Neuchâtel
Neuchâtel
sociocultural evolution
despotism
anarchy
society

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