226:
274:
27:
190:. Unusually for the time, she was schooled in the Dutch language and read, wrote and corresponded extensively as a youth living in aristocratic seclusion. She had hoped to leave home to obtain further education, but was denied by her family, since it was unheard of at that time. Therefore she was mostly self-educated, and soon became very well-informed on colonial politics, modern issues, and was an admirer of
270:
references to polygamy from her family life. The
English editions also excluded some of the letters from the 1911 book, downplaying her criticism of European colonialism and paternalism. Meanwhile the 1922 Malay edition, promoted heavily by the colonial education system, popularized Kartini and her ideas among Indonesians.
155:. The letters, which were written in Dutch, reveal Kartini's views on society and modern life, and were collected by one of Kartini's correspondents Jacques Henrij Abendanon and published in 1911. They have since been translated into a number of other languages, including an English language version in 1920 and a
269:
to
Indonesian nationalists. The tension between these two uses of her ideas can be seen in Abendanon's foreward to the first edition, in which he praised Kartini's progressive ideals but also warned that lofty ideals can be dangerous. Abendanon heavily edited Kartini's letters, for example to remove
209:
After her untimely death in 1904 at the age of 25, J. H. Abendanon began to collect letters
Kartini had written to him and other Europeans. Selected letters were edited by Abendanon and published by G. C. T. van Dorp in 1911, both in
194:. The letters she wrote, which were written between 1899 and 1904, were addressed to around ten Europeans whom she mostly met in Java, including the Indies Minister of Education Jacques Henrij Abendanon and his wife Rosa Abendanon,
326:, that many of the original letters became available to scholars and started to be published and re-translated. The most complete version is currently the English translation by Joost Coté published in 2014 (
281:
For the next several decades, Kartini and this book became almost unknown outside the Indies/Indonesia and the
Netherlands. There were nonetheless many new translations in other languages, including an
323:
253:, dan Djamaloedin Rasad). A fourth Dutch edition in 1924 had an expanded text by Abendanon in which he described the advances of girls' education in the Indies since Kartini's death.
601:
233:
Because of its popularity, the book was eventually translated and published in other languages. Starting in late 1919 some letters were translated into
English and serialized in
390:
Raden Adjeng
Kartini: letters of a Javanese princess / transl. from the Dutch by Agnes Louise Symmers; ed. and with an introd. by Hildred Geertz; pref. by Eleanor Roosevelt
261:
The publication of the book, and its subsequent commercial success, turned
Kartini into a household name in the Indies and in the Netherlands. She became a symbol of the
379:
Lettres de Raden Adjeng
Kartini: Java en 1900 / choisies et trad. par Louis Charles Damais; introd. et notes de Jeanne Cuisinier ; préf. de Louis Massignon
250:
67:
222:. The book sold very well and several more printings were issued in the 1910s; Abendanon used some of the proceeds to found girls' schools in the Indies.
363:
Habis gelap terbitlah terang: boeah pikiran / Radén Adjeng
Kartini ; dimelajoekan oléh empat saudara; dengan pendahoeloean daripada J.H. Abendanon
348:
Letters of a
Javanese princess / by Raden Adjeng Kartini ; transl. from the Dutch by Agnes Louise Symmers; with a forew. by Louis Couperus.
1097:
206:
of Jepara) and so on. In the letters she discusses her views on politics and culture, her family life, and her relationships.
764:
713:
686:
637:
564:
322:
and the journalist Soeroto. It was only in the late 1980s, after Abendanon's descendants donated Kartini's archive to the
203:
703:
225:
1102:
273:
1087:
1092:
266:
241:. At Abendanon's request, in 1922 the book was published in Malay translation by the colonial printing house
1107:
341:
Door duisternis tot licht: gedachten over en voor het Javaansche volk / van wijlen Raden Adjeng Kartini;
753:
Rutherford, Danilyn (2020). "5. Unpacking a National Heroine". In Bijl, Paul; Chin, Grace V. S. (eds.).
393:
302:
took interest in her and her writings, and supported the creation of new editions. The first was a
1018:
992:
966:
914:
889:
863:
837:
403:
246:
63:
602:"Raden Ajeng Kartini (1879-1904). Pioneer for women's rights in the Dutch East Indies/Indonesia"
168:
26:
730:
654:
581:
437:"Kartini, Inlandsche kunstnijverheid and Dutch Imperial Policy in the East Indies, 1898–1904"
371:
319:
314:, published in 1960, and in 1964 a reprint of Symmers' 1920 translation with a foreword by
307:
262:
164:
756:
Appropriating Kartini: Colonial, National and Transnational Memories of an Indonesian Icon
678:
Appropriating Kartini: Colonial, National and Transnational Memories of an Indonesian Icon
556:
Appropriating Kartini: Colonial, National and Transnational Memories of an Indonesian Icon
8:
163:
in 1922. The book became an important symbol both for liberal Dutch colonial policy (the
1056:
1047:
819:
811:
526:
464:
287:
318:. At around this time Indonesian writers also took new interest in Kartini, including
1066:
823:
803:
760:
709:
682:
633:
560:
530:
518:
489:"Legal Self-Fashioning in Colonial Indonesia: Human Rights in the Letters of Kartini"
468:
456:
383:
315:
295:
291:
148:
110:
793:
508:
500:
448:
234:
705:
Kartini menemukan Tuhan: analisis wacana surat-surat R.A. Kartini tahun 1899-1904
355:
311:
303:
183:
144:
143:; 'Through darkness to light: Thoughts about and for the Javanese people') is a
195:
156:
135:
82:
798:
1081:
807:
522:
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367:
242:
199:
160:
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191:
504:
452:
1071:
1062:
71:
815:
781:
488:
436:
237:; by 1921 these were published in book form by Knopf under a new title,
838:"Door duisternis tot licht: gedachten over en voor het Javaansche volk"
513:
1019:"Door duisternis tot licht: gedachten over en voor het Javaanse volk"
215:
140:
Door duisternis tot licht: Gedachten over en voor het Javaansche volk
52:
Door duisternis tot licht: Gedachten over en voor het Javaansche volk
324:
Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies
675:
Bijl, Paul; Chin, Grace V.S. (2020). "3. Hierarchies of Humanity".
411:
Door duisternis tot licht: gedachten over en voor het Javaanse volk
754:
676:
627:
554:
1051:
179:
152:
40:
299:
283:
187:
277:
Cover of 1st Malay edition Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang (1922)
629:
Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia
351:
361:
211:
1050:
of the book (in Malay/Indonesian) from the collection of
553:
Bijl, Paul; Chin, Grace V.S. (2020). "1. Introduction".
967:"Raden Adjeng Kartini: letters of a Javanese princess"
748:
746:
744:
742:
941:"Lettres de Raden Adjeng Kartini : Java en 1900"
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
333:
739:
670:
668:
666:
16:
Dutch-language book of collected letters by Kartini
537:
74:(Malay, 1938); Louis Charles Damais (French, 1960)
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663:
344:. (first Dutch edition, G. C. T. van Dorp, 1911)
182:(1879–1904) was the daughter of an aristocratic
595:
593:
915:"Habis gelap terbitlah terang: boeah pikiran"
786:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
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377:
298:in 1955. It was only in the late 1950s that
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482:
480:
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430:
428:
409:
339:
50:
752:
256:
245:; it was a group effort by Empat Saudara (
25:
1059:(in Dutch) from the collection of Delpher
797:
632:. Cornell University Press. p. 243.
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328:Kartini: The Complete Writings 1898-1904
151:women's rights activist and intellectual
728:
674:
652:
626:Anderson, Benedict R. O'G. (2018). "7".
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579:
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425:
272:
224:
70:, and Djamaloedin Rasad (Malay, 1922);
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62:Agnes Louise Symmers (English, 1919);
708:(in Indonesian). Media Wacana Press.
486:
434:
218:, under Abendanon's evocative title
1098:Literature of the Dutch East Indies
782:"Kartini in Her Historical Context"
13:
1074:of the book from Project Gutenberg
414:(1976 reprint, Nabrink, Amsterdam)
334:Selected editions and translations
14:
1119:
1041:
202:), Marie Ovink-Soer (wife of the
31:Cover of the first edition (1911)
993:"Letters of a Javanese princess"
890:"Letters of a Javanese princess"
864:"Letters of a Javanese princess"
735:(in Dutch). Oceanus. p. 10.
600:Jedamski, Doris (22 June 2021).
586:(in Dutch). Oceanus. p. 18.
265:to liberal Europeans and of the
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985:
959:
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907:
882:
856:
830:
759:. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute.
722:
681:. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute.
659:(in Dutch). Oceanus. p. 6.
559:. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute.
310:with a foreword by Orientalist
20:Letters of a Javanese Princess
1048:1922 Balai Pustaka translation
732:Raden Adjeng Kartini 1879-1904
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656:Raden Adjeng Kartini 1879-1904
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583:Raden Adjeng Kartini 1879-1904
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400:Letters of a Javanese princess
239:Letters of a Javanese Princess
130:Letters of a Javanese Princess
1:
418:
267:Indonesian National Awakening
780:TAYLOR, JEAN GELMAN (1989).
402:(shortened English edition,
350:(first English translation,
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10:
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799:10.1163/22134379-90003256
220:Through darkness to light
118:Published in English
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198:(wife of the politician
404:Oxford University Press
257:Significance and legacy
247:Bagindo Dahlan Abdullah
64:Bagindo Dahlan Abdullah
1103:1911 non-fiction books
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366:(first Malay edition,
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340:
278:
230:
169:Indonesian nationalism
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51:
1088:Books about Indonesia
729:Vierhout, M. (1944).
653:Vierhout, M. (1944).
580:Vierhout, M. (1944).
505:10.1353/ind.2017.0002
453:10.1353/ind.2022.0009
372:Weltevreden (Batavia)
354:, New York, 1920 and
320:Pramoedya Ananta Toer
276:
228:
159:version published by
1093:Dutch-language books
702:Fillah, Efa (2008).
435:Coté, Joost (2022).
308:Louis-Charles Damais
263:Dutch Ethical Policy
165:Dutch Ethical Policy
102:1911 (first edition)
1108:Javanese literature
1072:Original Dutch text
1063:English translation
606:Universiteit Leiden
487:Bijl, Paul (2017).
251:Sutan Muhammad Zain
229:Portrait of Kartini
68:Sutan Muhammad Zain
47:Original title
21:
1057:1911 first edition
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249:, Zainudin Rasad,
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147:of letters by the
66:, Zainudin Rasad,
19:
1067:Project Gutenberg
1065:of the book from
766:978-981-4843-92-8
715:978-979-18512-0-6
688:978-981-4843-92-8
639:978-1-5017-2060-4
566:978-981-4843-92-8
396:, New York, 1964)
384:Mouton de Gruyter
316:Eleanor Roosevelt
286:version in 1925,
149:Dutch East Indies
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111:Dutch East Indies
107:Publication place
92:G. C. T. van Dorp
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358:, London, 1921)
356:Duckworth Books
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312:Louis Massignon
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304:French language
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145:posthumous book
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1027:. Retrieved
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949:. Retrieved
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499:(1): 51–71.
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389:
347:
327:
294:in 1938 and
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192:Abdoel Rivai
186:family from
178:
134:
129:
128:
127:
947:(in French)
447:(1): 1–29.
72:Armijn Pane
1082:Categories
514:1813/54795
419:References
167:) and for
59:Translator
824:153805381
808:0006-2294
531:148758565
523:2164-8654
493:Indonesia
469:253709174
461:2164-8654
441:Indonesia
290:in 1930,
288:Sundanese
216:The Hague
89:Publisher
1029:23 April
1003:23 April
977:23 April
951:23 April
925:23 April
899:23 April
874:23 April
848:23 April
816:27864034
611:22 April
296:Japanese
292:Javanese
204:Resident
184:Javanese
79:Language
1052:Delpher
406:, 1976)
374:, 1922)
214:and in
180:Kartini
175:History
153:Kartini
41:Kartini
1025:. 2014
999:. 1976
973:. 1964
921:. 2019
870:. 1920
844:. 1911
822:
814:
806:
763:
712:
685:
636:
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521:
467:
459:
394:Norton
300:UNESCO
284:Arabic
188:Jepara
37:Author
820:S2CID
812:JSTOR
527:S2CID
465:S2CID
352:Knopf
136:Dutch
1031:2023
1023:OCLC
1005:2023
997:OCLC
979:2023
971:OCLC
953:2023
927:2023
919:OCLC
901:2023
894:OCLC
876:2023
868:OCLC
850:2023
842:OCLC
804:ISSN
761:ISBN
710:ISBN
683:ISBN
634:ISBN
613:2023
561:ISBN
519:ISSN
457:ISSN
212:Java
122:1920
945:BNF
794:doi
790:145
509:hdl
501:doi
497:103
449:doi
445:114
392:. (
330:).
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741:^
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382:(
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