545:. The first section is in D major, begun by the soloists (originally 2 singers from each group to balance against the full breadth of the orchestra) before alternating between soloists and full choir. The second section is in A major and is also an elegant andante and sets up a charming base line which is taken up by the orchestra, and the melody begins with a long note followed by a casual dotted rhythm pointing out the words "King's daughters". The third movement in E major is yet again an andante, keeping up the graceful and feminine air until the joyous dotted rhythm reappears on the words "and the King shall have pleasure". Handel then keeps up the allegro until the end and the orchestra begins the final movement in D major (after Isa. 49.23) with a virtuoso ritornello before the choirs enter with all the solemn ceremonial pomp of the other anthems. Handel kept the trumpets back in reserve throughout the piece right until the end, where they add another triumphal dimension to the finale.
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of suspensions on the phrase "thy salvation". The third movement begins with a radiant D major chord by the chorus and is a brief outburst of triumphalism with an extraordinary harmonic surprise, telling of the king's coronation with a crown of pure gold and ending in a B minor fugue. This links it directly to the fourth movement, which is again in three-time but this time counterpointed with a
510:. Handel builds the passion by adding instruments one by one—first the strings, then the oboes and finally the trumpets and drums. The final movement is an exuberant D major double fugue (a fugue with two melodies simultaneously played against each other right from the start), ending in a closing 'Alleluia' that was to be played at the precise moment the king was crowned.
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of the introduction, using the full force of the choir and orchestra. The second is in A major and gentler, using no trumpets and drums. It is played on a three-time cadence and uses the highest and lowest string sections in a playful conversation, resulting in a triplet. It then enjoys long chains
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The genre of coronation anthems was not exclusive to Handel. Coronations included up to twelve anthems and used formulaic coronation texts —starting with the anthem for the procession at the beginning of the coronation ceremonies (usually "Oh Lord, grant the King a long life"). Other composers to
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as "a barrel of pork and beer". In practice, Handel often adapted his music to the occasion and to the skill of those for whom he was writing, and no occasion could be grander than a coronation. The ceremonial style of the anthems differs from his music for the theatre just as his
538:(chapter 49, verse 23). In 1727, it was sung at the end of the coronation of Queen Caroline, with adaptations by Handel to make its words more appropriate for a queen. The music is in four sections and characterised by a more refined and distinguished air than the other anthems.
457:), with the "God save the King" section in homophony, interspersed with the "Amens" incorporating long semiquaver runs which are taken in turn through the six voice parts (SAATBB) with the other parts singing quaver chords accompanying it. The chorus ends with a largo plagal
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Right from their composition the four anthems have been popular and regularly played in concerts and festivals even during Handel's own lifetime. He re-used substantial extracts from them in many of his oratorios without many changes (other than to the text), notably
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in Oxford, a hall dedicated to chamber music. Their success perhaps contributed to the popular image of Handel as a composer whose music required a huge number of singers and musicians (the more the better)—in other words, the character criticised by
312:(the latter designed for open-air performance) differs from his instrumental concertos. The anthems show a completely extrovert tone, managing massed forces and important contrasts rather than delicate colours—with the wide spatial reverberation in
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Although part of the traditional content of
British coronations, the texts for all four anthems were picked by Handel—a personal selection from the most accessible account of an earlier coronation, that of
421:). The music prepares a surprise in its orchestral introduction via the use of static layering of soft string textures, followed by a sudden rousing forte tutti entrance, augmented by three trumpets.
501:(verses 1–3, 5), Handel splits this work into separate sections. The first movement is in D major, on the king's joy in God's power. This is full of festive pomp and fanfares, with a long
481:(verses 13–14). It is divided into three parts: a cheerful light beginning in G major, a melancholy, slow middle section in E minor and a closing Alleluia part again in G major.
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in 973, and Handel's setting has been used at every
British coronation since 1727. It is traditionally performed during the sovereign's
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was augmented by 47 singers, with an orchestra which reached perhaps 160 people. The chorus was divided into 6 or 7 groups (with the
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kept together) and a large string section, made up of three groups of violins (rather than the two which were usual).
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232:". Handel's first commission as a newly naturalised British subject was to write the music for the coronation of
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and the people's rejoicing at this event. These words have been used in every
English coronation since that of
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523:(HWV 261) is thought to have been composed between 9 September 1727 and 11 October 1727.
494:(HWV 260) is thought to have been composed between 9 September 1727 and 11 October 1727.
474:(HWV 259) is thought to have been composed between 9 September 1727 and 11 October 1727.
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The overture to its first movement is not a flamboyant trumpet fanfare but a three-time
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973:"New Music Commissions for the Coronation Service at Westminster Abbey, 17 April 2023"
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389:(1:38–40). Its duration is just over five minutes. It is written in D major for: two
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The means he had at his disposal were the most important of the era—the choir of the
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The middle section "And all the people rejoic'd, and said" is an imitative dance in
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which took place on 11 October the same year. Within the coronation ceremonies
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for the 1685 coronation, consisting of a shortened adaptation of verses from
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Music and
Ceremonial at British Coronations: From James I to Elizabeth II
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in 1838 but he died three months beforehand and it was never completed.
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The final section "God save the King, ..." is a return to common time (
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150:. Many composers have written such works. Being anthems, they are not
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at the coronation of the Queen. (In modern coronations the order is
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have produced anthems used during the coronation service include:
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296:. Two of the anthems were played at the 1742 inauguration of the
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593:(the sources are ambiguous whether this was by Blow or Purcell).
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Act of naturalisation of George
Frideric Händel and others
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for the coronation of George VI and the brief meditative
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944:, Cambridge University Press, 978-1-107-02344-4 (p. 282)
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1032:: sleeve notes from Hyperion recording (login required)
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186:— for the recognition of the king as the rightful ruler
228:'s last acts before his death in 1727 was to sign an "
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Choral music to accompany the coronation of a monarch
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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210:— for the anointing and coronation of the queen
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161:Four familiar coronation anthems are those by
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679:in 1830 and finally began a third anthem for
561:who wrote anthems for the 1626 coronation of
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653:, as he felt it couldn't be improved upon.
1005:International Music Score Library Project
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
765:Confortare (Be strong and play the Man)
695:This is the Day that the Lord hath made
513:
14:
1427:
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549:Coronation anthems by other composers
165:composed in 1727 for the crowning of
526:This piece sets a text developed by
477:The text of the second hymn is from
58:adding citations to reliable sources
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24:
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1440:Anthems by George Frideric Handel
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914:"Guide to the Coronation Service"
862:Anthems by George Frideric Handel
1030:The Coronation of King George II
918:Royals & the Abbey – History
892:"Coronation Anthems, HWV258-261"
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45:needs additional citations for
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629:The Lord is a Sun and a Shield
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669:Oh grant the King a long life
309:Music for the Royal Fireworks
1024:Choral Public Domain Library
1014:Choral Public Domain Library
603:(unless it was by Blow) and
472:Let Thy Hand Be Strengthened
466:Let Thy Hand Be Strengthened
401:, choir, and orchestra (two
361:account of the anointing of
274:Let thy hand be strengthened
262:Let thy hand be strengthened
242:Let thy hand be strengthened
183:Let Thy Hand Be Strengthened
177:for the service, they are:
158:requiring a trained choir.
18:Let Thy Hand Be Strengthened
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645:to write all the music for
579:for the 1661 coronation of
215:Handel's coronation anthems
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810:Behold, O God our Defender
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234:George II of Great Britain
169:. They use texts from the
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920:. Westminster Abbey. 2009
735:Kings shall see and arise
613:, who wrote a setting of
565:, including a setting of
226:George I of Great Britain
202:— for the crowning itself
1450:Music based on the Bible
938:Range, Matthias (2012),
867:Coronation Mass (Mozart)
833:for the 1953 coronation.
823:for the 1953 coronation.
812:for the 1953 coronation.
737:for the 1902 coronation.
665:coronation of George IV
575:who wrote a setting of
534:(verses 1, 10, 12) and
244:was played first, then
779:Ralph Vaughan Williams
617:for the coronation of
492:The King Shall Rejoice
486:The King Shall Rejoice
385:and its text is after
278:The King shall rejoice
266:The King shall rejoice
250:The King shall rejoice
199:The King Shall Rejoice
163:George Frideric Handel
1022:: Free scores at the
1012:: Free scores at the
718:was composed for the
280:sometimes reversed.)
894:. Classical Archives
831:O Lord our Governour
761:Henry Walford Davies
605:My Heart is Inditing
521:My Heart is Inditing
515:My Heart is Inditing
357:is derived from the
272:, with the order of
270:My heart is inditing
254:My heart is inditing
207:My Heart is Inditing
54:improve this article
1445:Choral compositions
1409:Order of succession
841:Make a Joyful Noise
837:Andrew Lloyd Webber
712:, whose setting of
497:Taking a text from
298:Holywell Music Room
222:James II of England
69:"Coronation anthem"
1010:Coronation Anthems
1001:Coronation Anthems
821:Coronation Te Deum
659:, who contributed
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1414:Coronation anthem
781:, who composed a
314:Westminster Abbey
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1225:Specific customs
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461:on "Allelujah".
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1201:the Americas
1189:By continent
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1097:Crown jewels
1071:enthronement
1026:(ChoralWiki)
1016:(ChoralWiki)
980:. Retrieved
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962:Range p. 287
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953:Range p. 281
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922:. Retrieved
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896:. Retrieved
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839:, who wrote
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800:Elizabeth II
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742:Edward Elgar
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1180:Investiture
872:Koningslied
849:Charles III
573:Henry Lawes
1455:Coronation
1429:Categories
1304:Holy Roman
1067:Coronation
878:References
845:coronation
796:coronation
769:coronation
750:coronation
724:Edward VII
720:coronation
715:I was glad
699:coronation
685:coronation
677:William IV
673:coronation
661:I was glad
643:George III
619:Queen Anne
615:I was glad
601:I was glad
591:I was glad
581:Charles II
503:ritornello
379:Bath Abbey
375:King Edgar
80:newspapers
1392:Pretender
1334:Norwegian
1324:Malaysian
1309:Hungarian
1269:Byzantine
1259:Bulgarian
1249:Brazilian
1232:Antiquity
1170:Anointing
924:30 August
898:10 August
773:George VI
667:in 1821,
587:John Blow
563:Charles I
383:anointing
173:. In the
1404:Papabile
1385:See also
1329:Nepalese
1319:Japanese
1297:Napoleon
1244:Bohemian
982:27 April
856:See also
851:in 2023.
843:for the
802:in 1953.
794:for the
754:George V
726:in 1902.
671:for the
663:for the
633:George I
627:, wrote
621:in 1702.
532:Psalm 45
499:Psalm 21
479:Psalm 89
419:continuo
411:trumpets
409:, three
407:bassoons
391:sopranos
359:biblical
175:sequence
144:crowning
1364:Swedish
1359:Serbian
1354:Russian
1339:Ottoman
1288:French
1264:Burmese
1254:British
1216:Oceania
1155:rituals
1130:Sceptre
1079:Regalia
785:Te Deum
783:Festal
543:andante
459:cadence
415:timpani
387:1 Kings
363:Solomon
303:Berlioz
293:Deborah
248:, then
148:monarch
94:scholar
1375:others
1349:Polish
1314:Indian
1279:Danish
1211:Europe
1196:Africa
1165:Throne
1140:Mantle
1112:Armill
1102:Diadem
693:wrote
405:, two
399:basses
393:, two
371:Nathan
325:tenors
287:Esther
156:motets
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1344:Papal
1292:royal
1284:Dutch
1152:Items
1135:Sword
1125:(orb)
1107:Tiara
1087:Crown
508:fugue
403:oboes
395:altos
367:Zadok
258:Zadok
246:Zadok
152:hymns
146:of a
101:JSTOR
87:books
1369:Thai
1206:Asia
1117:Ring
1069:and
984:2023
926:2009
900:2012
815:Sir
759:Sir
740:Sir
729:Sir
708:Sir
631:for
369:and
290:and
276:and
268:and
236:and
73:news
847:of
798:of
771:of
752:of
722:of
701:of
683:'s
675:of
377:at
365:by
348:HWV
56:by
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413:,
264:,
260:,
134:A
1059:e
1052:t
1045:v
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