73:
516:, an indication of Lerdo's ambiguous legacy. He says "No Mexican President has been more maligned, misunderstood, and misrepresented" than Lerdo de Tejada. He did not have the implacable tenacity of Juárez nor the military achievements and political longevity of Porfirio Díaz, both of indigenous heritage from Oaxaca. But Lerdo de Tejada's presidency was a continuation of the policies of the Liberal Reform, whose laws could be implemented in times of relative peace. As such, he can be seen as one in a line of liberals aiming to modernize Mexico. A statue of Lerdo de Tejada stands outside the
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seemingly contradictory policies about railway construction. He was concerned about U.S. encroachment in northern Mexico and resisted construction of railways to the border. He is quoted as saying, "Between strength and weakness, the desert," meaning the weakness of Mexico vis-à-vis the U.S. and the desert as a useful barrier. After a delay, he attempted to have a
Mexican company construct the north–south line to the U.S. border, but the effort failed. Ultimately, he did approve a proposal of U.S. railway entrepreneur
388:
505:
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of foreign affairs, minister of the interior, a deputy in
Congress and president of the Supreme Court. Lerdo de Tejada aided Juárez's push to centralize the power of the federal government and opposing the use of violence against local forces of opposition. Lerdo de Tejada was key for construction of what became a liberal political machine in this era. He became involved with state politics to gain political allies for the federal centralizing state.
675:
336:, he continued to be loyal to the Republicans, and had an active share in conducting the national resistance. In the face of the French invaders, the Republican government was forced to abandon the capital of Mexico City on 31 May 1863. The Republican government continued at one place or another within the country, but never left the country during Maximilian's reign.
453:. The plan was issued prior to the July 24, 1876 election, which Lerdo de Tejada won. Some charged that the victory was fraudulent, but perhaps no more so than its predecessors. Lerdo de Tejada did not muzzle the free press, which printed the accusations and began to call for open rebellion. The President of the Supreme Court,
375:. He came in third in the race against the president who kept the republic intact during the French intervention and one of the Mexican military heroes of republican resistance. Following Juárez's victory he returned to the Supreme Court. Díaz revolted against Juárez opposing the president's continuation in power in the
448:
Lerdo de Tejada ran for a second term in 1876, which gave opponents the grounds to oppose him on the principle of "no reelection." At this point, Porfirio Díaz, who had been neutralized politically with his unsuccessful revolt against Juárez in 1872, now believed he had the grounds to challenge Lerdo
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Upon the triumph of the
Republic in 1867, Lerdo de Tejada, "according to some sources ... convinced Juárez not to pardon Maximilian," who was executed in Querétaro along with two Mexicans loyal to the emperor. Once the Republicans were returned to power, Lerdo de Tejada simultaneously became minister
460:
Lerdo de Tejada had made himself unpopular by the means he took to secure his re-election, by his disposition to limit state rights in favor of a strongly-centralized government, and because of measures such as the expulsion of the
Sisters of Charity. His forces were defeated by Díaz in the decisive
423:
Lerdo de Tejada continued projects initiated by Juarez, most visibly the construction of railways. He opened the first railway line in Mexico from the port of
Veracruz to the capital Mexico City, which was begun by Juárez and Lerdo de Tejada inaugurated in January 1873. However, Lerdo de Tejada had
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This made him interim president, but he held elections and held the office in his own right. To the surprise of most, Lerdo de Tejada kept Juárez's cabinet basically unchanged and promulgated a limited amnesty law. To his supporters, he offered immediate spoils. He declared that he exercised his
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failed and Díaz was eliminated as a political rival during Lerdo de Tejada's 1872–1876 term, giving him considerable leeway to pursue his program without political interference. During his term, he succeeded in pacifying the country after decades of political unrest and strengthening the
Mexican
379:. The revolt was defeated and Díaz sent into political exile, allowing the last of Juárez's term relatively free of political conflict. With Juárez's death caused by a heart attack in July 1872, Lerdo de Tejada was the constitutional successor to the presidency.
343:, Lerdo de Tejada was named minister of foreign affairs, of the interior and of justice in Juárez's cabinet. He held these posts until 17 January 1871, 14 January 1868 and 11 September 1863, respectively. Throughout the French occupation and Maximilian's
399:
Although he sought peace, order, and respect for the law, he used the armed force of the state to achieve those goals. During his term, he achieved success in pacifying the country, particularly in eliminating regional caudillo
488:. At the funeral, there was barely a mention of the reasons for Lerdo de Tejada's ouster and exile. With Lerdo de Tejada's overthrow, historians have marked this as the end of the Restored Republic and the beginning of the
252:, which asserted the principle of no-reelection to the presidency. Lerdo de Tejada died in exile in New York in 1889, but Díaz invited the return of his body to Mexico for burial with full honors. With the exception of
428:
to build the line. Mexican supporters of construction thought Lerdo had delayed too long and botched the chance of
Mexicans building the line, while Lerdo de Tejada's opponents viewed him as caving to the U.S.
347:, Lerdo de Tejada was President Juárez's closest ally and confident. On 8 November 1865, he signed the decree extending Juárez's term until the end of the war. In doing so, he opposed the claims of General
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and following their expulsion, Juárez could not dislodge Lozada from power. Lerdo de Tejada was able to use federal troops to crush Lozada; Liberal
General
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484:, where he died in 1889. On the orders of his former rival, President Díaz, his body was returned to Mexico and buried in Mexico with full honors, in the
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to his own presidential term in
November 1872. Previously, he served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Juárez's political rival, liberal General
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also claimed the presidency, by virtue of his position as president of the
Supreme Court (31 October 1876). Díaz went on to defeat Iglesias as well.
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were expelled from the country. In 1874, four small steamships of war were acquired for the customs service. Lerdo de Tejada also reestablished the
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he received minor orders, but decided not to enter priesthood. In 1851 he earned a law degree from
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was named after Lerdo de Tejada; however, the city is more commonly referred to as "Toluca".
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did declare the election fraudulent, a ruling which put him as successor to the presidency.
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in 1861, 1862 and 1863. He opposed the Wyke-Zamacona Convention to resume debt payments to
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The Laws of the Reform were incorporated into a new Constitution (25 September 1873). The
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Lerdo de Tejada's principal biographer in English, Frank Averill Knapp, titled his work,
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https://archive.today/20070725222843/http://mx.geocities.com/yaimemx/gabldetejada.html
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In 1871, he was a candidate for president of the Republic, running against Juárez and
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260:, he was the first Mexican head of state to be born after the country's independence.
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The Life of Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, 1823–1889: a study of influence and obscurity
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The Life of Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, 1823–1889: a study of influence and obscurity
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The Life of Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, 1823–1889: a study of influence and obscurity
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408:. Lozada had a regional fiefdom and maintained power by alliances with the
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738:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 483.
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Monument to Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada in front of the Mexican Congress.
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292:, a famed institution he began directing at the age of 29 (1852–1863).
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on 16 November 1876. Díaz assumed the presidency on 28 November 1876.
313:. In 1857, he was minister of foreign affairs for three months under
309:. He became known as a Liberal leader and a supporter of President
924:, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press 1991, pp. 49–124.
42:
1055:"Historia de la administración de Don Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada"
818:. Senado de la República - Instituto Belisario Domínguez. 2010.
521:
405:
863:
Katz, "The Liberal Republic and the Porfiriato," pp. 64-65.
854:
Katz, "The Liberal Republic and the Porfiriato," pp. 63-64.
916:, "The Liberal Republic and the Porfiriato, 1867–1910" in
751:, "The Liberal Republic and the Porfiriato, 1867-1910" in
628:
Cayetano Gómez Pérez (July 19, 1872 – September 26, 1876).
772:, vol. 3, p. 405. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.
492:, which lasted from 1876–1911 until the outbreak of the
969:
v. 1, pp. 735–738. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.
759:, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press 1991, p. 63.
30:"Lerdo de Tejada" redirects here. For other uses, see
955:. DeKalb: University of Northern Illinois Press 1978.
785:, vol. 1, pp.735–738. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.
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Candidates in the 1876 Mexican presidential election
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Candidates in the 1872 Mexican presidential election
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Candidates in the 1871 Mexican presidential election
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Candidates in the 1867 Mexican presidential election
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443:
227:, who died in office in July 1872, Lerdo de Tejada
1604:People of the Second French intervention in Mexico
1047:Historical Text Archive: Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada
872:Paul Sullivan, "Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada" p. 738.
770:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture
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354:
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244:for another term in 1876, but was overthrown by
965:Sullivan, Paul. "Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada" in
800:- Presidencia de la República, official website
235:, had attempted a coup against Juárez, but his
212:; 24 April 1823 – 21 April 1889) was a Mexican
49: and the second or maternal family name is
1574:Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
845:Sullivan, "Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada," p. 736.
836:
781:Paul Sullivan, "Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada" in
305:In 1855, he served as a prosecutor before the
1132:
881:Sullivan, "Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada" p. 738.
822:
768:D.F. Stevens, "Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada" in
216:politician and jurist who served as the 27th
833:Stevens, "Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada" p. 405.
803:
396:power as president, not as head of a party.
325:. This convention was defeated in Congress.
1569:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
953:Juárez and Díaz: Machine Politics in Mexico
931:. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1951.
263:
1139:
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1018:, v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrúa, 1984.
894:. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1951.
71:
27:31st President of Mexico from 1872 to 1876
1028:. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985,
812:Enciclopedia Política de México 9 Tomo V.
634:(September 27, 1876 – November 20; 1876).
449:de Tejada, which were articulated in the
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1006:La república restorada, La vida política
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98:19 July 1872 – 31 October 1876
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597:(August 31, 1876 – November 20; 1876).
591:(November 15, 1875 – August 30, 1876).
551:(August 31, 1876 – November 20, 1876).
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651:(July 19, 1872 – November 20, 1876).
614:(July 19, 1872 – November 20, 1876).
585:(July 19, 1872 – November 15, 1875).
568:(July 19, 1872 – November 20, 1876).
319:President of the Chamber of Deputies
480:Lerdo de Tejada went into exile in
295:
256:, a contested president during the
209:[seβasˈtjanˈleɾðoðeteˈxaða]
24:
902:
729:"Lerdo de Tejada, Sebastian"
545:(July 19, 1872 – August 30, 1876).
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201:Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada y Corral
140:Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada y Corral
25:
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1644:19th-century presidents of Mexico
1609:Mexican people of Spanish descent
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1639:19th-century Mexican politicians
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941:. New York: HarperCollins 1997.
689:List of heads of state of Mexico
673:
444:The end of the Restored Republic
416:defeated and executed Lozada at
351:, who wished to succeed Juárez.
32:Lerdo de Tejada (disambiguation)
1103:19 July 1872 - 31 October 1876
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476:Lerdo de Tejada in his casket
248:and his supporters under the
41:, the first or paternal
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1634:19th-century Mexican people
1493:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
1219:Francisco Javier Echeverría
1199:Antonio López de Santa Anna
986:, v. 8. Mexico City, 1996,
982:"Lerdo de Tejada, Miguel",
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1649:Exiled Mexican politicians
1345:Francisco León de la Barra
1024:Orozco Linares, Fernando,
1002:Historia moderna de México
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1000:Cosío Villegas, Daniel.
951:Perry, Laurens Ballard.
339:On 12 September 1863 in
286:Colegio de San Ildefonso
264:Early life and education
1579:Politicians from Xalapa
1385:Francisco Lagos Cházaro
1264:Manuel María Lombardini
1229:José Joaquín de Herrera
1076:Another short biography
735:Encyclopædia Britannica
577:(Relaciones Exteriores)
1340:Manuel González Flores
1259:Juan Bautista Ceballos
1014:García Puron, Manuel,
984:Enciclopedia de México
967:Encyclopedia of Mexico
927:Knapp, Frank Averill,
783:Encyclopedia of Mexico
509:
477:
392:
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278:Miguel Lerdo de Tejada
272:, into a middle class
205:Spanish pronunciation:
1400:Plutarco Elías Calles
1365:Francisco S. Carvajal
1297:Manuel Robles Pezuela
1194:Valentín Gómez Farías
1026:Gobernantes de México
890:Frank Averill Knapp,
603:Industry and Commerce
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475:
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349:Jesús González Ortega
1564:Liberalism in Mexico
1559:Presidents of Mexico
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1433:Miguel Alemán Valdés
1428:Manuel Ávila Camacho
1380:Roque González Garza
1279:Juan Álvarez Hurtado
1244:Pedro María de Anaya
1189:Manuel Gómez Pedraza
1179:Anastasio Bustamante
1169:José María Bocanegra
1148:Presidents of Mexico
1522:President of Mexico
1463:Miguel de la Madrid
1458:José López Portillo
1443:Adolfo López Mateos
1410:Pascual Ortiz Rubio
1390:Adolfo de la Huerta
1370:Venustiano Carranza
1350:Francisco I. Madero
1325:José María Iglesias
1292:Félix María Zuloaga
1109:José María Iglesias
1099:President of Mexico
958:Sinkin, Richard N.
595:Manuel Romero Rubio
583:José María Lafragua
467:José María Iglesias
455:José María Iglesias
330:French intervention
220:from 1872 to 1876.
218:president of Mexico
121:José María Iglesias
86:President of Mexico
1488:Enrique Peña Nieto
1448:Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
1307:José Ignacio Pavón
1239:José Mariano Salas
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61:The Most Excellent
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1500:(President-elect)
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1405:Emilio Portes Gil
1375:Eulalio Gutiérrez
1360:Victoriano Huerta
1284:Ignacio Comonfort
1249:Manuel de la Peña
1224:Valentín Canalizo
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1106:Succeeded by
694:History of Mexico
537:(Guerra y Marina)
332:and the reign of
315:Ignacio Comonfort
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451:Plan of Tuxtepec
426:Edward Lee Plumb
377:Plan de la Noria
317:. He became the
296:Political career
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254:Miguel Miramón
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167:(aged 65)
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1335:Porfirio Díaz
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1315:Benito Juárez
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1092:Benito Juárez
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1034:968-38-0260-5
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947:0-06-016325-9
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681:Mexico portal
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632:Juan José Baz
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623:(Gobernación)
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543:Ignacio Mejía
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482:New York City
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402:Manuel Lozada
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373:Porfirio Díaz
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345:Second Empire
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311:Benito Juárez
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307:Supreme Court
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246:Porfirio Díaz
243:
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233:Porfirio Díaz
230:
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225:Benito Juárez
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193:
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177:Resting place
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170:New York City
163:21 April 1889
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150:24 April 1823
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109:Benito Juárez
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33:
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1073:(in Spanish)
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795:(in Spanish)
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414:Ramón Corona
398:
394:
383:As president
370:
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334:Maximilian I
327:
304:
267:
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200:
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165:(1889-04-21)
116:Succeeded by
93:
50:
46:
39:Spanish name
1589:1889 deaths
1584:1823 births
1478:Vicente Fox
1274:Rómulo Díaz
1174:Pedro Vélez
418:La Mojonera
328:During the
290:Mexico City
242:was elected
229:was elected
104:Preceded by
1553:Categories
700:References
643:(Justicia)
560:(Hacienda)
490:Porfiriato
258:Reform War
240:state. He
146:1823-04-24
606:(Fomento)
94:In office
84:31st
667:See also
620:Interior
155:, Mexico
37:In this
1008:. 1959.
1004:. v. 1
974:Spanish
962:. 1979.
908:English
658:Source:
640:Justice
557:Finance
534:Defense
528:Cabinet
323:Britain
274:Criollo
214:liberal
190:Liberal
43:surname
1537:Regent
1032:
990:
945:
500:Legacy
438:Senate
410:French
282:Puebla
51:Corral
816:(PDF)
406:Tepic
1030:ISBN
988:ISBN
943:ISBN
160:Died
136:Born
404:of
288:in
45:is
1555::
937:,
920:,
838:^
824:^
755:,
732:.
709:^
645::
625::
608::
579::
562::
539::
496:.
440:.
420:.
1539:)
1535:(
1529:)
1525:(
1140:e
1133:t
1126:v
1036:.
994:.
660:[
203:(
148:)
144:(
53:.
34:.
20:)
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