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Several studies have focused on the way pentylenetetrazol influences neuronal ion channels. A 1987 study found that pentylenetetrazol increases calcium influx and sodium influx, both of which depolarize the neuron. Because these effects were antagonized by calcium channel blockers, pentylenetetrazol
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Squires RF, Saederup E, Crawley JN, Skolnick P, Paul SM (1984). "Convulsant potencies of tetrazoles are highly correlated with actions on GABA / benzodiazepine / picrotoxin receptor complexes in brain".
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Pentylenetetrazol has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomena and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility. For instance, researchers can induce
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515:, which is easier to administer, as the preferred method for inducing seizures in England's mental hospitals. In the US, its approval by the
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in 1934. It has been used in convulsive therapy, and was found to be effective—primarily for depression—but side effects such as uncontrolled
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539:. In 1984, Squires et al. published a report analyzing pentylenetetrazol and several structurally related convulsant drugs. They found that
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Jung ME, Lal H, Gatch MB (2002). "The discriminative stimulus effects of pentylenetetrazol as a model of anxiety: recent developments".
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apparently acts at calcium channels, and it causes them to lose selectivity and conduct sodium ions, as well.
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receptor. Several classes of compounds can modulate the pentylenetetrazol discriminative stimulus, including
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595:
570:, but presumably pentylenetetrazol has the opposite effect when it binds to the GABA-A receptor.
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2131:
1992:
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Papp A, Fehér O, Erdélyi L (1987). "The ionic mechanism of the pentylenetetrazol convulsions".
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was revoked in 1982. It is used in Italy as a cardio-respiratory stimulant in combination with
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499:, is a drug formerly used as a circulatory and respiratory stimulant. High doses cause
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The mechanism of pentylenetetrazol is not well understood, and it may have multiple
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were difficult to avoid. In 1939, pentylenetetrazol was replaced by
39:
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Read, Charles F. (1940). "Consequences of metrazol shock therapy".
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503:, as discovered by Hungarian-American neurologist and psychiatrist
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2012:
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1938:
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877:
620:
586:
in animal models. Pentylenetetrazol is also a prototypical
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3142:
1730:
590:
drug and has been extensively used in animal models of
2652:
1110:
423:InChI=1S/C6H10N4/c1-2-4-6-7-8-9-10(6)5-3-1/h1-5H2
3417:
1005:Other agents for treating respiratory depression
781:
162:
3360:2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoropropyl trifluoromethyl ether
137:
543:convulsant potency was strongly correlated to
3436:GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators
2992:
1071:
863:
1085:
808:
1087:
2999:
2985:
2335:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A-rho receptor
1078:
1064:
870:
856:
555:complex. Many GABA-A ligands, such as the
316:
293:
182:
706:
202:
594:. Pentylenetetrazol produces a reliable
289:
14:
3418:
2660:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor
1118:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptor
653:receptor negative allosteric modulator
307:
2980:
1059:
851:
262:
242:
2965:GABA metabolism/transport modulators
700:
679:
83:
1361:Positive modulators (abridged; see
709:"Drug May Counteract Down Syndrome"
644:List of investigational sleep drugs
598:, which is largely mediated by the
222:
153:
24:
25:
3467:
2896:Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
2394:-Chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside
1189:Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
347:
341:
47:
38:
3006:
2188:Pentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol)
735:. Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco.
707:Minkel JR (February 25, 2007).
428:Key:CWRVKFFCRWGWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
3153:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine
906:Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
802:
775:
739:
725:
682:American Journal of Psychiatry
673:
335:
13:
1:
2947:Receptor/signaling modulators
2102:Isopregnanolone (sepranolone)
823:10.1016/S0149-7634(02)00010-6
667:
3163:Trimethylolpropane phosphite
2958:receptor positive modulators
1466:ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)
761:10.1016/0024-3205(84)90159-0
530:
517:Food and Drug Administration
7:
637:
577:
10:
3472:
2157:Nonsteroidal antiandrogens
325:Chemical and physical data
3380:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
3352:
3323:
3279:
3240:
3176:
3014:
2938:
2641:
2324:
1108:
1099:
1004:
980:
914:
891:
513:electroconvulsive therapy
436:
411:
391:
369:
356:
329:
324:
305:
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233:
213:
193:
173:
148:
128:
100:
95:
70:
60:
55:
46:
37:
3187:3-Mercaptopropionic acid
1706:sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
811:Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev
596:discriminative stimulus
3390:Methionine sulfoximine
2585:5α-Dihydroprogesterone
2132:Morphine-3-glucuronide
1792:Hyenachin (mellitoxin)
1677:Retigabine (ezogabine)
1024:elexacaftor/tezacaftor
915:Respiratory stimulants
733:"Cardiazol-Paracodina"
629:L-type calcium channel
481:pentamethylenetetrazol
3053:Chlorophenylsilatrane
1973:Chlorophenylsilatrane
901:Colfosceril palmitate
3395:Methyl fluoroacetate
3244:receptor antagonists
3180:synthesis inhibitors
2923:Negative modulators:
2803:Positive modulators:
2696:Arbaclofen placarbil
2582:Negative modulators:
2431:Positive modulators:
2216:Pregnenolone sulfate
1852:17-Phenylandrostenol
1834:Negative modulators:
1719:constituents (e.g.,
1689:constituents (e.g.,
1551:Neuroactive steroids
1528:constituents (e.g.,
1264:Neuroactive steroids
694:10.1176/ajp.97.3.667
551:binding site on the
537:mechanisms of action
112:6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5
3073:Dihydropicrotoxinin
3030:Bicyclic phosphates
2512:Gabazine (SR-95531)
2502:CGP-36742 (SGS-742)
2210:dihydropicrotoxinin
1935:Bicyclic phosphates
1847:11-Ketoprogesterone
1782:Gabazine (SR-95531)
1607:pyrazolopyrimidines
713:Scientific American
34:
3446:Respiratory agents
3227:Thiocarbohydrazide
2033:FG-7142 (ZK-31906)
1579:Nonbenzodiazepines
880:respiratory system
662:receptor § Ligands
584:status epilepticus
505:Ladislas J. Meduna
461:pentylenetetrazole
30:
3413:
3412:
3315:Tetrazolylglycine
3283:receptor agonists
3192:4-Deoxypyridoxine
3118:Pentylenetetrazol
2974:
2973:
2934:
2933:
2856:2-Hydroxysaclofen
2637:
2636:
2527:Isonipecotic acid
1892:Anabolic steroids
1862:α5IA (LS-193,268)
1772:Dihydrosecurinine
1657:Pyrazolopyridines
1426:potassium bromide
1424:compounds (e.g.,
1387:Anabolic steroids
1365:for a full list):
1219:Isonipecotic acid
1053:
1052:
525:cough suppressant
457:Pentylenetetrazol
454:
453:
382:Interactive image
275:CompTox Dashboard
32:Pentylenetetrazol
27:Chemical compound
16:(Redirected from
3463:
3400:Nitrocyclohexane
3001:
2994:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2681:4-Fluorophenibut
2661:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2517:Gaboxadol (THIP)
2434:Allopregnanolone
2336:
2332:
2067:Fluoroquinolones
1822:Thiocolchicoside
1642:Piperidinediones
1599:imidazopyridines
1555:allopregnanolone
1462:Dihydroergolines
1377:drinking alcohol
1268:allopregnanolone
1184:Gaboxadol (THIP)
1119:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1089:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1057:
1056:
893:Lung surfactants
872:
865:
858:
849:
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842:
806:
800:
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779:
773:
772:
743:
737:
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729:
723:
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719:
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677:
566:, are effective
547:affinity to the
459:, also known as
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66:Metrazol, others
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42:
35:
33:
29:
21:
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3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3441:Withdrawn drugs
3426:Antidepressants
3416:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3348:
3319:
3310:Quisqualic acid
3275:
3236:
3172:
3123:Phenylsilatrane
3010:
3005:
2975:
2970:
2957:
2930:
2659:
2656:
2633:
2361:Homohypotaurine
2334:
2330:
2320:
2193:Phenylsilatrane
1735:chloral hydrate
1702:Sulfonylalkanes
1591:cyclopyrrolones
1412:Benzodiazepines
1164:Dihydromuscimol
1117:
1114:
1095:
1084:
1054:
1049:
1000:
976:
910:
887:
876:
846:
807:
803:
790:(3–4): 349–61.
784:Acta Biol. Hung
780:
776:
755:(14): 1439–44.
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715:
705:
701:
678:
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652:
640:
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568:anticonvulsants
553:GABA-A receptor
533:
445:
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440:(what is this?)
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116:-tetrazolo(1,5-
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11:
5:
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3232:Toxopyrimidine
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2776:Sodium oxybate
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2718:
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2673:
2671:1,4-Butanediol
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2005:
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1995:
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1932:
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1922:
1915:cephalosporins
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1799:
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1754:
1724:
1721:valerenic acid
1714:
1709:
1699:
1694:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1667:Quinazolinones
1664:
1654:
1649:
1639:
1634:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1523:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1489:
1486:mefenamic acid
1479:
1474:
1469:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1429:
1419:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1384:
1370:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1136:
1131:
1122:
1120:
1112:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
993:
987:
985:
982:5-HT4 receptor
978:
977:
975:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
918:
916:
912:
911:
909:
908:
903:
897:
895:
889:
888:
875:
874:
867:
860:
852:
845:
844:
801:
774:
738:
724:
699:
671:
669:
666:
665:
664:
659:
655:
650:
646:
639:
636:
615:
608:
601:
579:
576:
532:
529:
452:
451:
434:
433:
431:
430:
427:
425:
422:
414:
413:
412:
409:
408:
406:
405:
403:C1CCc2nnnn2CC1
402:
394:
393:
392:
389:
388:
386:
385:
377:
375:
367:
366:
360:
354:
353:
350:
344:
338:
333:
327:
326:
322:
321:
311:
303:
302:
300:
299:
286:
284:
271:
270:
268:
267:
259:
257:
251:
250:
248:
247:
239:
237:
231:
230:
228:
227:
219:
217:
211:
210:
208:
207:
199:
197:
191:
190:
188:
187:
179:
177:
171:
170:
168:
167:
159:
157:
146:
145:
143:
142:
134:
132:
126:
125:
123:
122:
111:
103:
102:
101:
98:
97:
93:
92:
90:
89:
76:
74:
68:
67:
64:
58:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3468:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:Oenanthotoxin
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:GABA receptor
3013:
3009:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2686:Aceburic acid
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2658:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:Ibotenic acid
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2221:Propybicyphat
2219:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2183:Oenanthotoxin
2181:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:Iomazenil (I)
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2071:ciprofloxacin
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2052:amentoflavone
2049:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1988:Cyclothiazide
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:Famiraprinium
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:diethyl ether
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1617:Norfluoxetine
1615:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:Clomethiazole
1455:
1453:
1452:Chlormezanone
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1442:Carbamazepine
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1406:phenobarbital
1403:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:Quisqualamine
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1244:Methylglyoxal
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:Ibotenic acid
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1143:phenobarbital
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1003:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
986:
983:
979:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
917:
913:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
896:
894:
890:
885:
881:
873:
868:
866:
861:
859:
854:
853:
850:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
817:(4): 429–39.
816:
812:
805:
797:
793:
789:
785:
778:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
742:
734:
728:
714:
710:
703:
695:
691:
688:(3): 667–76.
687:
683:
676:
672:
663:
656:
654:
647:
645:
642:
641:
635:
633:
630:
626:
622:
618:
611:
604:
597:
593:
589:
585:
575:
571:
569:
565:
564:phenobarbital
561:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
448:
441:
435:
426:
421:
420:
417:
410:
401:
400:
397:
390:
383:
379:
378:
376:
373:
368:
361:
359:
355:
334:
332:
328:
323:
319:
315:
312:
310:
308:ECHA InfoCard
304:
296:
292:
291:DTXSID7041091
288:
287:
285:
276:
272:
265:
261:
260:
258:
256:
252:
245:
241:
240:
238:
236:
232:
225:
221:
220:
218:
216:
212:
205:
201:
200:
198:
196:
192:
185:
181:
180:
178:
176:
172:
165:
161:
160:
158:
151:
147:
140:
136:
135:
133:
131:
127:
119:
115:
110:
109:
106:
99:
94:
86:
81:
78:
77:
75:
73:
69:
65:
63:
59:
56:Clinical data
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
19:
3365:Bromocamphor
3326:barbiturates
3197:Allylglycine
3117:
3063:Cloflubicyne
2963:
2952:
2945:
2922:
2853:Antagonists:
2852:
2802:
2667:
2643:Metabotropic
2614:Pregnanolone
2608:picrotoxinin
2581:
2567:
2494:
2464:(S)-4-ACPBPA
2459:(S)-2-MeGABA
2456:Antagonists:
2455:
2430:
2419:Thiomuscimol
2391:
2342:
2206:picrotoxinin
2187:
2169:enzalutamide
2165:bicalutamide
2087:Golexanolone
1983:Cloflubicyne
1833:
1759:Antagonists:
1758:
1671:methaqualone
1646:glutethimide
1622:Petrichloral
1583:β-carbolines
1402:Barbiturates
1360:
1344:Thiomuscimol
1149:Beta-Alanine
1139:Barbiturates
1129:(+)-Catechin
1125:
1030:Nitric oxide
966:
927:Amiphenazole
814:
810:
804:
787:
783:
777:
752:
748:
741:
727:
716:. Retrieved
712:
702:
685:
681:
675:
581:
572:
544:
540:
534:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
455:
444:
438:
264:ChEMBL116943
117:
113:
3451:Convulsants
3324:Convulsant
3300:Kainic acid
3295:Domoic acid
3251:Coriamyrtin
3222:Pentaborane
3212:Ginkgotoxin
3068:Coriamyrtin
3025:Bicuculline
3018:antagonists
3008:Convulsants
2926:Compound 14
2756:Lesogaberan
2595:Loreclezole
2532:Loreclezole
2469:(S)-4-ACPCA
2449:Lanthanides
2439:Alphaxolone
2381:Isoguvacine
2291:Terbequinil
2161:apalutamide
2152:Nicardipine
2112:Laudanosine
1919:carbapenems
1911:penicillins
1767:Coriamyrtin
1762:Bicuculline
1751:sevoflurane
1747:paraldehyde
1697:Stiripentol
1574:Niacinamide
1559:cholesterol
1541:Loreclezole
1436:meprobamate
1392:Avermectins
1259:Nefiracetam
1224:Kojic amine
1214:Isomuscimol
1209:Isoguvacine
972:Prethcamide
967:Pentetrazol
962:Nikethamide
501:convulsions
473:pentetrazol
365: g·mol
314:100.000.200
244:CHEBI:34910
96:Identifiers
62:Trade names
3456:Tetrazoles
3431:Stimulants
3420:Categories
3266:Strychnine
3261:Picrotoxin
3256:Dendrobine
3207:Decaborane
3138:p-NCS-TBOB
3128:Picrotoxin
3088:Endosulfan
2781:SKF-97,541
2691:Arbaclofen
2600:Picrotoxin
2590:Bilobalide
2266:Suritozole
2256:Sarmazenil
2241:Ro 19-4603
2236:Ro 15-4513
2231:Radequinil
2198:Picrotoxin
2177:nilutamide
2147:Naltrexone
2082:Furosemide
2062:Flumazenil
2056:oroxylin A
2048:Flavonoids
2028:Etbicyphat
1958:Bilobalide
1925:Basmisanil
1812:Sinomenine
1807:Securinine
1802:Pitrazepin
1787:Hydrastine
1739:chloroform
1712:Topiramate
1652:Propanidid
1516:Imidazoles
1511:Flupirtine
1506:Fluoxetine
1500:hispidulin
1492:Flavonoids
1447:Chloralose
1432:Carbamates
1396:ivermectin
1334:Terpenoids
1279:PF-6372865
1134:Bamaluzole
1101:Ionotropic
1093:modulators
1020:tezacaftor
1016:lumacaftor
882:products (
718:2007-03-20
668:References
588:anxiogenic
549:picrotoxin
370:3D model (
358:Molar mass
204:WM5Z385K7T
175:ChemSpider
130:CAS Number
105:IUPAC name
3281:Glutamate
3217:Isoniazid
3202:Crimidine
3133:p-CN-TBOB
3103:Flurothyl
3058:Cicutoxin
2916:SKF-97541
2911:SCH-50911
2901:Phaclofen
2886:CGP-64213
2881:CGP-55845
2876:CGP-54626
2871:CGP-52432
2866:CGP-46381
2861:CGP-35348
2831:CGP-13501
2806:ADX-71441
2791:Tolgabide
2771:Progabide
2766:Picamilon
2751:Isovaline
2668:Agonists:
2570:-3-ACPBPA
2547:SKF-97541
2497:-3-ACPBPA
2424:Tolgabide
2404:Progabide
2399:Picamilon
2343:Agonists:
2251:RO4938581
2246:RO4882224
2173:flutamide
2107:L-655,708
2077:Flurothyl
1978:Cicutoxin
1963:Bupropion
1930:Bemegride
1907:β-Lactams
1897:Amiloride
1727:Volatiles
1661:etazolate
1637:Phenytoin
1595:zopiclone
1587:abecarnil
1546:Monastrol
1536:Lanthanum
1520:etomidate
1482:Fenamates
1477:Etifoxine
1472:Etazepine
1349:Tolgabide
1299:Progabide
1289:Picamilon
1274:Org 20599
1249:Monastrol
1229:L-838,417
1126:Agonists:
1012:Ivacaftor
996:Zacopride
957:Mepixanox
937:Dimefline
932:Bemegride
922:Almitrine
557:sedatives
531:Mechanism
493:Deumacard
489:Cardiazol
3405:Thebaine
3108:Gabazine
3098:Fipronil
2942:See also
2906:Saclofen
2841:rac-BHFF
2836:GS-39783
2826:CGP-7930
2786:SL 75102
2761:Phenibut
2716:Gabamide
2701:Baclofen
2604:picrotin
2557:SR-95813
2552:SR-95318
2474:2-MeTACA
2386:Muscimol
2316:ZK-93426
2286:TCS-1105
2271:TB-21007
2202:picrotin
2142:Naloxone
2127:Morphine
2122:MaxiPost
2042:fipronil
2038:Fiproles
2008:(+)-DMBB
2003:Dieldrin
1902:Anisatin
1817:SR-42641
1717:Valerian
1691:baicalin
1687:Skullcap
1631:propofol
1611:zaleplon
1603:zolpidem
1496:apigenin
1416:diazepam
1373:Alcohols
1314:SL-75102
1304:Propofol
1284:Phenibut
1254:Muscimol
1238:honokiol
1204:iso-THIP
1199:iso-THAZ
1174:Gabamide
1090:receptor
1035:BW373U86
984:agonists
947:Etamivan
942:Doxapram
839:26055062
831:12204190
749:Life Sci
638:See also
578:Research
560:diazepam
545:in vitro
509:seizures
469:metrazol
465:leptazol
447:(verify)
120:)azepine
72:ATC code
18:Leptazol
3385:MC-2973
3370:Camphor
3344:McN-481
3242:Glycine
3158:Thujone
3093:FG-7142
2811:BHF-177
2796:Tolibut
2706:BL-1020
2619:ROD-188
2484:4-ACPAM
2479:3-APMPA
2346:BL-1020
2306:U-93631
2301:Thujone
2226:PWZ-029
2200:(i.e.,
2159:(e.g.,
2137:MRK-016
2117:Lindane
2069:(e.g.,
2050:(e.g.,
2040:(e.g.,
1909:(e.g.,
1887:β-EMGBL
1797:PHP-501
1733:(e.g.,
1704:(e.g.,
1682:ROD-188
1669:(e.g.,
1659:(e.g.,
1644:(e.g.,
1629:(e.g.,
1627:Phenols
1609:(e.g.,
1601:(e.g.,
1593:(e.g.,
1585:(e.g.,
1581:(e.g.,
1553:(e.g.,
1518:(e.g.,
1494:(e.g.,
1484:(e.g.,
1464:(e.g.,
1434:(e.g.,
1422:Bromide
1414:(e.g.,
1404:(e.g.,
1394:(e.g.,
1375:(e.g.,
1368:α-EMTBL
1338:borneol
1336:(e.g.,
1319:Taurine
1266:(e.g.,
1236:(e.g.,
1234:Lignans
1154:BL-1020
1141:(e.g.,
952:GAL-021
796:3503442
769:6090836
632:ligands
625:glycine
592:anxiety
541:in vivo
521:codeine
485:Corazol
363:138.174
331:Formula
150:PubChem
139:54-95-5
88:)
82: (
80:R07AB03
2846:KK-92A
2676:3-APPA
2444:ATHDOC
1998:DHEA-S
1837:1,3M1B
1569:Niacin
1530:kavain
1045:CX-717
1040:CX-546
991:BIMU-8
878:Other
837:
829:
794:
767:
627:, and
527:drug.
396:SMILES
255:ChEMBL
224:D07409
3375:FAZ-4
3353:Other
3271:Tutin
3168:Tutin
3042:IPTBO
2736:GHBAL
2721:GABOB
2624:THDOC
2568:trans
2562:TPMPA
2537:P4MPA
2489:4-GBA
2371:GABOB
2097:IPTBO
1947:IPTBO
1882:β-CCP
1877:β-CCM
1872:β-CCE
1867:β-CCB
1827:Tutin
1731:gases
1563:THDOC
1179:GABOB
835:S2CID
523:in a
495:, or
416:InChI
372:JSmol
235:ChEBI
3339:DMBB
3334:CHEB
3305:NMDA
3290:AMPA
3178:GABA
3148:TBOB
3083:EBOB
3078:DMCM
3048:BIDN
3038:TBPO
3034:TBPS
2954:GABA
2891:DAVA
2821:BSPP
2816:BHFF
2711:GABA
2653:GABA
2629:Zinc
2575:ZAPA
2522:I4AA
2507:DAVA
2414:TAMP
2409:TACA
2366:GABA
2356:CAMP
2351:CACA
2327:GABA
2311:Zinc
2296:TETS
2281:TBPS
2276:TBOB
2208:and
2023:EBOB
2018:DMPC
2013:DMCM
1993:DHEA
1968:CHEB
1953:BIDN
1943:TBPO
1939:TBPS
1857:α3IA
1842:3M2B
1526:Kava
1381:2M2B
1363:here
1354:ZAPA
1329:TAMP
1324:TACA
1169:GABA
1159:DAVA
1111:GABA
1088:GABA
1022:, +
1018:, +
827:PMID
792:PMID
765:PMID
658:GABA
649:GABA
621:NMDA
614:5-HT
607:5-HT
600:GABA
562:and
215:KEGG
195:UNII
184:5704
164:5917
3143:RDX
2746:GVL
2741:GHV
2731:GHB
2726:GBL
2542:P4S
2495:cis
2261:SCS
1605:),
1597:),
1589:),
1294:P4S
1014:(+
884:R07
819:doi
757:doi
690:doi
497:PTZ
479:),
477:INN
280:EPA
154:CID
85:WHO
3422::
3040:,
3036:,
2606:,
2331:-ρ
2204:,
2175:,
2171:,
2167:,
2163:,
2054:,
1945:,
1941:,
1917:,
1913:,
1749:,
1745:,
1741:,
1737:,
1613:))
1561:,
1557:,
1498:,
1379:,
833:.
825:.
815:26
813:.
788:38
786:.
763:.
753:35
751:.
711:.
686:97
684:.
634:.
623:,
619:,
612:,
609:1A
491:,
487:,
483:,
471:,
467:,
463:,
345:10
3044:)
3032:(
3000:e
2993:t
2986:v
2956:A
2655:B
2610:)
2602:(
2392:N
2329:A
2212:)
2179:)
2073:)
2058:)
2044:)
1949:)
1937:(
1921:)
1753:)
1729:/
1723:)
1708:)
1693:)
1673:)
1663:)
1648:)
1633:)
1565:)
1532:)
1522:)
1502:)
1488:)
1468:)
1438:)
1428:)
1418:)
1408:)
1398:)
1383:)
1340:)
1270:)
1240:)
1145:)
1113:A
1079:e
1072:t
1065:v
1026:)
886:)
871:e
864:t
857:v
841:.
821::
798:.
771:.
759::
721:.
696:.
692::
660:A
651:A
616:3
602:A
475:(
374:)
351:4
348:N
342:H
339:6
336:C
282:)
278:(
118:a
114:H
20:)
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