310:, and entertained Franklin in his home on social occasions. In 1913, Ford asked Albert Kahn (who, as well as being a Beth El congregant, had worked for Ford) to approach Franklin on Ford's behalf and offer him the use of a customized Model T for use on his pastoral rounds. Ford chose Kahn as an intermediary "lest would misunderstand his motive." Franklin, however, accepted Ford's offer, and Ford presented him with a new car every year for several years, even after Ford had moved to Dearborn.
205:. The congregation adopted his suggestions enthusiastically. However, due to a business recession in the early 1890s, temple income slowly decreased, and the congregation at Temple Israel shrank (from 114 to 84). Despite circumstances, Franklin was able to augment the Temple Building fund, slated for the construction of a new building to house the congregation. The congregation re-elected him to a five-year term in 1896, with a ringing endorsement.
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323:. The articles took Franklin (and most of his Jewish colleagues) by surprise. Franklin believed Ford was, at heart, a good man and an ally; he wrote: "Such venom could only some from a Jew-hater of the lowest type, and here it was appearing in a newspaper owned and controlled by one whom the Jews had counted among their friends. It was veritably a bolt out of the blue."
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interdenominational community
Thanksgiving service, and spoke often at church groups to attempt to bridge the gap between Jews and non-Jews. Franklin was a popular Rabbi, the Temple congregation increased from 136 members in 1899 (Franklin's first year in the pulpit) to 422 in 1910. In 1917, Beth El was the third largest Reform congregation in the country.
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organization to coordinate the philanthropic activities of the currently-existing Beth El Hebrew Relief
Society, Hebrew Ladies' Sewing Society, Self-Help Circle, and Jewish Relief Society. In 1901, Franklin organized the Woman's Auxiliary Association (later the Sisterhood of Temple Beth El), and assumed editorship of the
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Due to his ministrations and other activities, including contributions to various periodicals, Franklin garnered a reputation as one of the more promising young Reform ministers. In 1898, Franklin was invited to deliver a sermon in
Detroit. His speech was received with such approval that Detroit's
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continued to publish anti-Semitic articles, Franklin returned his latest customized Model T, with a letter of protest to Ford. Within days, Ford phoned
Franklin, genuinely surprised that "good" Jews—like Frankin—would be opposed to what had been written. He did not, however, cease publishing the
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from Nazi
Germany, Ford asked Franklin to disseminate the message that he wished to hire displaced European Jews. Franklin worked with Ford to craft a message decrying the treatment of Jews and delivered the missive to Detroit's newspapers. Upon publication, antisemitic activists such as Father
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Franklin preached his first sermon as Rabbi of Beth El at the
Washington Boulevard temple on January 27, 1899. He again began by advocating changes. The congregation passed a new constitution later that year, and, in November 1899, Franklin organized the United Jewish Charities, an umbrella
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that caused him to close the paper and issue a public apology. Franklin immediately wrote Ford, reminding him of their conversation seven years earlier but accepting his apology. Franklin did not, as some of his colleagues suggested, immediately approach Ford for a monetary example of his
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Franklin introduced more changes over the next few years, including holding services on Sunday morning (in addition to
Saturday morning), unassigned seating, and an exchange of pulpits with out-of-town rabbis. He reached out to Orthodox and Conservative congregations, instituted an
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published in book form in the early 1920s, was still in print, and Ford did not respond to
Franklin's requests to halt printing. Relations between the two men remained frosty, and they didn't directly communicate until 1938. Smarting from the fallout over his acceptance of a
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Franklin thought a new temple on
Detroit's "Piety Row" along Woodward would serve the congregation by increasing the visibility of the Jewish faith. He convinced the Beth El congregation to build a new temple. They purchased land on Woodward near Eliot and engaged
330:. As a friend of Ford's, and having easy access to his office, Franklin was delegated to discuss the matter with Ford. He paid Ford a visit and was on the verge of convincing him to issue at least a partial retraction when an intemperate telegram from
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Beth El and
Franklin continued to evolve. In 1925, the By-Laws of the congregation were amended to provide that the wife of a congregation member could become a member in her own right. That same year, weekly broadcasts of services over
239:. Franklin pondered the matter, and, sensing a greater opportunity in Detroit, accepted Temple Beth El's offer. He left Omaha in January 1899 on cordial terms, keeping in contact with the Omaha congregation for years later.
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In 1941, Franklin retired from active ministry, succeeded by B. Benedict Glazer. The Board of Trustees bestowed on him the title of "rabbi emeritus," and he continued to be involved in the congregation.
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426:, the Wrangler's Club, the Ford Republic, the League of Nations Association of Detroit, and the Citizens Housing and Planning Association. In addition, Franklin was active as an officer on the
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Franklin reached out to younger Jews, establishing an annual service for students of the University of Michigan in 1912, and establishing a student congregation (the forerunner of the
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Meanwhile, in the early 1920s, Beth El was outgrowing the temple that had been constructed in 1902; the congregation had grown and many had moved north into neighborhoods such as
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created a Joint Commission on Religious Work in Universities, naming Franklin as the chair. Franklin was named president of the Central Conference of American Rabbis in 1919.
422:, acting as president in 1932, 1938, and 1944. He also served on the boards of the Fine Arts Society, the Board of Commerce, the Greater Detroit Motion Picture Council, the
264:. The cornerstone of the building was laid in 1902 and the first service was held in the new Temple in January 1903. Beth El used this building until 1922; it is currently
384:(where Franklin himself lived). In 1921, Albert Kahn was contracted as the architect for a new temple, located on Woodward and Gladstone. The new temple (now the
338:, hardened Ford's stance. Franklin left the meeting in disappointment, upset with Marshall's lack of tact (as Marshall was upset with Franklin's naivete). When the
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While in Detroit, Franklin's family expanded. In addition to Ruth, born in Omaha, Hattie Franklin gave birth to another daughter, Margaret, and a son, Leo.
227:, and was active in many other educational and charitable activities. In addition, he delivered sermons at other congregations, including spending a week in
434:(a Catholic institution) in 1923 and Wayne State University in 1939, and an honorary Doctor of Divinity from his alma mater, Hebrew Union College, in 1939.
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During his tenure in Omaha, Franklin reached out beyond the congregation of Temple Israel. He organized a Reform congregation in
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contrition. Instead, he preferred to keep Ford in his debt, saying, "let us be the creditors while he remains our debtor."
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from Cincinnati; in the same year, he graduated from Hebrew Union (as the only member of his class), and was ordained as a
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On September 1, 1892, Franklin assumed his duties at Temple Israel. He immediately began advocating changes to strengthen
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Franklin continued to be involved in numerous activities within the congregation and beyond. He was a trustee of the
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306:, the first three residents of the block). Ford would occasionally stop and chat with Franklin on his way to the
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388:) was dedicated in November 1922. In that same year, Franklin was elected by the congregation to a life tenure.
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On July 15, 1896, Franklin married Hattie Oberfelder; the ceremony was performed at her parents' house in
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286:) at the University of Michigan in 1914. As a result, the Central Conference of American Rabbis and the
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302:. In the early 1910s, Ford and Franklin lived on the same block of Edison Avenue (and were, along with
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Temple Beth El immediately invited him to serve as their rabbi, replacing the recently departed Dr.
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questioned its authenticity. Franklin was outraged, but Ford never publicly backed the statement.
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On August 8, 1948, Leo Franklin died. The archives of the Temple Beth El are named in his honor.
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as an architect; Mason was aided by the young (and then relatively unknown) Beth El congregant
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An accidental result of Franklin's prominence in Detroit was his relationship with
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The American Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the Rise of the Third Reich,
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were instituted. Franklin also wrote and published multiple books, including
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for religious instructors, edited the official publication of the Omaha
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for many years. He received an honorary Doctor of Law degrees from the
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That day came much later: in 1927, Ford endured a libel trial over the
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The Beth El Story, with a History of the Jews in Michigan Before 1850,
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The Michigan Humane Society: Animal Welfare in Detroit, 1877-2002,
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However, in 1920, Ford began publishing a series of anti-Semitic "
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510:, Jewish Historical Society of Michigan, July 1976, pp. 10 - 21.
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An Outline History of Congregation Beth El, Detroit, Michigan.
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175:. He was immediately invited to serve the Temple Israel in
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Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion alumni
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Temple Beth El/Bonstelle Theater of Wayne State University
128:(March 5, 1870 – August 8, 1948) was an influential
472:(Franklin's entry) in the Archives of the Temple Beth El.
212:. The couple's first daughter, Ruth, was born in Omaha.
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By 1926, the congregation numbered over 1400 members.
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Henry Ford and the Jews: The Mass Production of Hate,
498:"Rabbi Leo M. Franklin: The Omaha Years (1892-1899),"
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The Road to Understanding Between Christian and Jew;
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in his congregation, suggesting the adoption of the
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151:Leo M. Franklin was born on March 5, 1870, in
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546:Wayne State University Press, 1955.
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398:The Rabbi, the Man and His Message;
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679:The Rabbi Leo M. Franklin Archives
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376:Temple Beth El, Detroit, 1920–1948
243:Temple Beth El, Detroit, 1899–1920
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119:Michael H. and Rachel L. Franklin
111:Ruth, Margaret, and Leo Franklin
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201:and the ritual endorsed by the
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725:20th-century American rabbis
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770:Jews and Judaism in Detroit
294:Leo Franklin and Henry Ford
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412:Detroit Symphony Orchestra
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317:" articles in his paper,
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161:University of Cincinnati
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508:Michigan Jewish History
428:Michigan Humane Society
153:Cambridge City, Indiana
54:Cambridge City, Indiana
715:American Reform rabbis
688:of the Temple Beth El.
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420:Detroit Public Library
360:The International Jew,
328:Anti-Defamation League
266:Wayne State University
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432:University of Detroit
416:Detroit Civic Theatre
765:Rabbis from Nebraska
646:from Detroit1701.org
626:St. Martin's, 2003,
563:from Detroit1701.org
183:Temple Israel, Omaha
165:Hebrew Union College
334:, president of the
143:from 1899 to 1941.
126:Leo Morris Franklin
740:Jews from Michigan
735:Jews from Nebraska
684:2008-01-31 at the
503:2008-07-03 at the
468:2011-07-28 at the
730:Jews from Indiana
542:Jacob R. Marcus,
332:Louis B. Marshall
315:International Jew
270:Bonstelle Theater
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199:Union Prayer Book
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67:(1948-08-08)
710:1947 deaths
705:1870 births
352:Independent
345:Independent
340:Independent
262:Albert Kahn
699:Categories
463:Record 701
445:References
300:Henry Ford
187:See also:
157:Cincinnati
147:Early life
90:Occupation
41:1870-03-05
358:However,
116:Parent(s)
682:Archived
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466:Archived
414:and the
108:Children
94:Religion
82:Michigan
210:Chicago
137:Detroit
78:Detroit
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130:Reform
100:Spouse
84:, U.S.
56:, U.S.
173:rabbi
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133:rabbi
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403:and
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62:Died
35:Born
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