3464:
2462:
147:
169:
287:
3276:
352:(the tail itself is absent in adults, although it is present in the younger frogs, which need the extra skin surface until their lungs are fully developed). The family Ascaphidae (found only in North America), of the same suborder, shares these primitive characteristics, hence the two have often been described as related, or even part of the same family.
355:
Late jump recovery is unique in
Leiopelmatidae. When leiopelmatid species jump, they land in a "belly flop" fashion, repositioning their limbs for takeoff for the next jump only after hitting the ground with the ventral surface of their torsos. The appearance of early jump recovery in more advanced
3055:
Updating The Record from the Early
Miocene St Bathans Fauna, Central Otago and its Significance for Documenting the Assembly of New Zealand’s Terrestrial Biota, Conference Paper · July 2014
378:
Introduced fauna are thought to have had a negative impact on these native frogs, with 93% of all reported predation events on native frogs being attributed to introduced fauna, primarily
363:
They are unusually small frogs, only 5 cm (2.0 in) in length. Most species lay their eggs in moist ground, typically under rocks or vegetation. After hatching, the
371:
lays its eggs in shallow ponds and has free-living tadpoles, although they do not swim far from the place of hatching, or even feed, before metamorphosing into adult frogs.
332:
in the family
Leiopelmatidae, the current consensus is that these two groups constitute two separate families. The three extant species of Leiopelmatidae are only found in
320:. The leiopelmatids' relatively basal form indicates they have an ancient lineage. While some taxonomists have suggested combining the North American frogs of the genus
556:
are thought to have diverged from each other between 40 and 50 million years ago, based on genomic divergence estimates. Fossils of the genus are known from the early
532:
524:
2663:
Essner, RL Jr; Suffian, DJ; Bishop, PJ; Reilly, SM (2010). "Landing in basal frogs: evidence of saltational patterns in the evolution of anuran locomotion".
1286:
2855:
1889:
1840:
500:
925:
2175:
2064:
1310:
1413:
1261:
3814:
3608:
1807:
1007:
3924:
3840:
3634:
2231:
1981:
1097:
1956:
786:
776:
627:
3067:"Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary"
3934:
717:
637:
3914:
3788:
3582:
548:
to the exclusion of all other frogs, and
Leiopelmatidae and Ascaphidae diverged from all other frogs around 200 million years ago.
3065:
Feng, Yan-Jie; Blackburn, David C.; Liang, Dan; Hillis, David M.; Wake, David B.; Cannatella, David C.; Zhang, Peng (2017-07-18).
3827:
3621:
3929:
2723:
3832:
3626:
3909:
2772:"A Synthesis of Direct Evidence of Predation on Amphibians in New Zealand, in the Context of Global Invasion Biology"
357:
3845:
3639:
3185:
2584:
3535:
3736:
3530:
3157:
2862:
17:
42:
3129:
3749:
3543:
2951:"A new species of Leiopelma frog (Amphibia: Anura: Leiopelmatidae) from the late Pliocene of New Zealand"
3754:
3548:
3741:
168:
3919:
3855:
3649:
245:
38:
3275:
3727:
3000:
2919:
2889:
3904:
3312:
3297:
3881:
3675:
3483:
3317:
483:
3613:
3876:
3819:
3670:
467:
434:
368:
3868:
3662:
3775:
3685:
3569:
2672:
2523:
San Mauro, Diego; Miguel Vences; Marina
Alcobendas; Rafael Zardoya; Axel Meyer (May 2005).
2454:
1030:
8:
3521:
3335:
3178:
2524:
1171:
515:
2676:
3101:
3066:
3038:
2978:
2743:(Anura: Leiopelmatidae) translocated to restored habitat on Maud Island, New Zealand".
2696:
2563:
2547:
475:
422:
163:
2643:
367:
nest in the male's back, all without the need for standing or flowing water. However,
3863:
3762:
3657:
3556:
3163:
3106:
3088:
3030:
2982:
2970:
2771:
2719:
2688:
2555:
2522:
2511:
2154:
2016:
1114:
1017:
970:
442:
264:
3042:
2700:
2567:
146:
3767:
3375:
3350:
3242:
3096:
3078:
3020:
3012:
2962:
2845:
2840:
2824:
2815:
2811:
2752:
2680:
2539:
2501:
2139:
1149:
561:
410:
313:
230:
3561:
2966:
2756:
3445:
3405:
3390:
3016:
1677:
1534:
1426:
1067:
461:
remains, also from New
Zealand. They became extinct during the past 1,000 years.
372:
2950:
2739:
Bell, Ben D.; et al. (2004). "The fate of a population of the endemic frog
544:
DNA analysis indicates that
Leiopelmatidae share a distant common ancestry with
3506:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3385:
3370:
3355:
3345:
3260:
3255:
3171:
2490:"Archaeobatrachian paraphyly and Pangaean diversification of crown-group frogs"
2210:
2092:
2077:
1917:
1853:
1563:
1512:
1249:
1186:
1127:
1052:
913:
799:
755:
687:
650:
2684:
2551:
2525:"Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea"
2506:
286:
3898:
3440:
3284:
3092:
3034:
2974:
2251:
1969:
1662:
1640:
1463:
1448:
1360:
942:
104:
3083:
3712:
3468:
3450:
3415:
3400:
3340:
3327:
3302:
3292:
3110:
2692:
2559:
2515:
2466:
1994:
1902:
1820:
1345:
955:
900:
861:
833:
2949:
Easton, Luke J.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Rawlence, Nicolas J. (2021-10-12).
344:
The New
Zealand primitive frogs' defining characteristics are their extra
3801:
3721:
3595:
3515:
3410:
3250:
2266:
2195:
1868:
846:
821:
333:
79:
3587:
3380:
3365:
2038:
606:
545:
325:
124:
89:
3025:
518:, with indeterminate remains possibly representing additional species
3806:
3600:
3435:
3360:
3232:
3226:
3001:"Early Miocene fossil frogs (Anura: Leiopelmatidae) from New Zealand"
1600:
1585:
1323:
1222:
727:
458:
345:
210:
180:
129:
3793:
3477:
3706:
3500:
3220:
3214:
2999:
Worthy, Th; Tennyson, Ajd; Scofield, Rp; Hand, Sj (December 2013).
2825:"Palaeoecological information concerning members of the frog genus
2798:(Amphibia: Leiopelmatidae) and descriptions of three new subfossil
2543:
1797:
672:
491:
379:
310:
200:
119:
114:
99:
94:
84:
3395:
3307:
2770:
Egeter, Bastian; Robertson, Bruce C.; Bishop, Phillip J. (2015).
2489:
2290:
1274:
740:
557:
511:
364:
134:
109:
2714:
Zweifel, Richard G. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G. (eds.).
2589:
Amphibian
Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0
3208:
349:
190:
3574:
2616:
3780:
3195:
375:
may be long (more than 30 years) for such small organisms.
220:
2998:
2662:
3064:
3193:
2948:
2487:
3139:. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand
2769:
2713:
348:(for a total of nine) and the remains of the tail
2614:
2611:J.M. Conlon et al. / Peptides 30 (2009) 1069–1073
3896:
2582:
3071:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2488:Roelants, Kim; Franky Bossuyt (February 2005).
316:. It is the only genus in the monotypic family
3179:
2853:
385:
2861:. Department of Conservation. Archived from
3127:
3005:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
2833:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
2804:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
23:
3186:
3172:
294:Distribution of Leiopelmatidae (in black)
285:
145:
24:
3100:
3082:
3024:
2930:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
2900:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
2844:
2718:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 85.
2505:
2794:Worthy, Trevor H. (1987). "Osteology of
328:with the New Zealand frogs of the genus
32:This is an accepted version of this page
2716:Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians
539:
14:
3897:
3160:- research on New Zealand frog biology
2856:"Native frog captive husbandry manual"
2822:
2793:
3482:
3481:
3167:
3158:New Zealand Frog Conservation Biology
2994:
2992:
3925:Extant Burdigalian first appearances
3856:9209c62d-0f19-4270-b9c7-d819b16dfc49
3650:379217dd-649b-453e-bff7-fb83b221ae21
2738:
2644:"DOC: Photo-stage and Archey's Frog"
2591:. American Museum of Natural History
2576:
494:period has recently been described.
505:Easton, Tennyson and Rawlence, 2021
457:Three extinct species are known by
56:
3121:
2989:
2707:
452:
57:
3946:
3935:Endemic amphibians of New Zealand
3151:
3462:
3274:
2829:: Leiopelmatidae in New Zealand"
2460:
167:
77:
3915:Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger
3058:
3049:
2942:
2912:
2882:
560:(19-16 million years ago) aged
2955:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
2846:10.1080/03036758.1987.10426482
2816:10.1080/03036758.1987.10418160
2786:
2763:
2745:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
2732:
2656:
2636:
2603:
2479:
13:
1:
2967:10.1080/03014223.2021.1979053
2757:10.1080/03014223.2004.9518366
2585:"Leiopelmatidae Mivart, 1869"
2472:
3930:Endemic fauna of New Zealand
3017:10.1080/03036758.2013.825300
2621:The Tree of Life Web Project
7:
2617:"Leiopelmatidae. Leiopelma"
2448:
510:Two species are known from
339:
307:New Zealand primitive frogs
10:
3951:
2823:Worthy, Trevor H. (1987).
2615:Cannatella, David (2008).
490:One species from the late
390:
386:Taxonomy & systematics
3910:Amphibians of New Zealand
3696:
3490:
3459:
3326:
3283:
3272:
3241:
3203:
2685:10.1007/s00114-010-0697-4
2583:Frost, Darrel R. (2015).
2507:10.1080/10635150590905894
2288:
2264:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2208:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2152:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2090:
2075:
2068:
2058:
2051:
2036:
2029:
2014:
2007:
1992:
1985:
1967:
1960:
1915:
1900:
1893:
1866:
1851:
1844:
1834:
1818:
1811:
1801:
1675:
1660:
1653:
1638:
1631:
1598:
1583:
1576:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1532:
1525:
1510:
1503:
1461:
1446:
1439:
1424:
1417:
1407:
1400:
1358:
1343:
1336:
1321:
1314:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1272:
1265:
1247:
1240:
1184:
1169:
1162:
1147:
1140:
1125:
1118:
1108:
1101:
1065:
1050:
1043:
1028:
1021:
1011:
1001:
968:
953:
946:
936:
929:
911:
904:
859:
844:
837:
819:
812:
797:
790:
780:
753:
738:
731:
721:
685:
670:
663:
648:
641:
631:
604:
589:
582:
575:
293:
284:
277:
272:
164:Scientific classification
162:
153:
144:
66:
39:latest accepted revision
3084:10.1073/pnas.1704632114
2922:Leiopelma waitomoensis
2854:Nadia Webster (2004).
484:Leiopelma waitomoensis
439:Leiopelma hochstetteri
156:Leiopelma hochstetteri
3877:Paleobiology Database
3671:Paleobiology Database
2776:Herpetological Review
468:Leiopelma auroraensis
360:in anuran evolution.
3198:families by suborder
3134:ssp.) recovery plan"
3128:D.G. Newman (1996).
2455:Frogs of New Zealand
1031:Calyptocephalellidae
540:Evolutionary history
533:Leiopelma acricarina
525:Leiopelma miocaenale
154:Hochstetter's frog (
3336:Amphignathodontidae
3077:(29): E5864–E5870.
2677:2010NW.....97..935E
2665:Naturwissenschaften
2532:American Naturalist
1172:Eleutherodactylidae
516:Saint Bathans fauna
427:Leiopelma hamiltoni
309:, belonging to the
59:Genus of amphibians
29:Page version status
2928:Collections Online
2898:Collections Online
2892:Leiopelma markhami
2494:Systematic Biology
1287:Leptodactyliformes
476:Leiopelma markhami
435:Hochstetter's frog
369:Hochstetter's frog
35:
3892:
3891:
3864:Open Tree of Life
3658:Open Tree of Life
3484:Taxon identifiers
3475:
3474:
2725:978-0-12-178560-4
2445:
2444:
2436:
2435:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2382:
2381:
2373:
2372:
2364:
2363:
2355:
2354:
2346:
2345:
2337:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2319:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2300:
2277:
2276:
2221:
2220:
2165:
2164:
2155:Ceratobatrachidae
2112:
2111:
2103:
2102:
2017:Phrynobatrachidae
1946:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1890:Laurentobatrachia
1879:
1878:
1841:Xenosyneunitanura
1787:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1760:
1759:
1751:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1697:
1696:
1688:
1687:
1620:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1389:
1388:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1229:
1228:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1115:Brachycephaloidea
1087:
1086:
1078:
1077:
1018:Australobatrachia
990:
989:
981:
980:
971:Nasikabatrachidae
890:
889:
881:
880:
872:
871:
766:
765:
707:
706:
698:
697:
617:
616:
506:
501:Leiopelma bishopi
446:
431:
419:
415:Leiopelma archeyi
298:
297:
268:
249:
26:
16:(Redirected from
3942:
3920:Amphibian genera
3885:
3884:
3872:
3871:
3859:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3836:
3835:
3823:
3822:
3810:
3809:
3797:
3796:
3784:
3783:
3771:
3770:
3758:
3757:
3745:
3744:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3689:
3688:
3679:
3678:
3666:
3665:
3653:
3652:
3643:
3642:
3630:
3629:
3617:
3616:
3604:
3603:
3591:
3590:
3578:
3577:
3565:
3564:
3552:
3551:
3539:
3538:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3479:
3478:
3469:Frogs portal
3467:
3466:
3465:
3351:Brachycephalidae
3278:
3243:Archaeobatrachia
3188:
3181:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3138:
3115:
3114:
3104:
3086:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3028:
2996:
2987:
2986:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2867:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2819:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2741:Leiopelma pakeka
2736:
2730:
2729:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2529:
2519:
2509:
2483:
2467:Frogs portal
2465:
2464:
2463:
2245:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2140:Nyctibatrachidae
2133:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2071:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2032:
2031:
2010:
2009:
1988:
1987:
1963:
1962:
1896:
1895:
1847:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1656:
1655:
1634:
1633:
1579:
1578:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1528:
1527:
1506:
1505:
1442:
1441:
1420:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1339:
1338:
1317:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1268:
1267:
1243:
1242:
1165:
1164:
1150:Brachycephalidae
1143:
1142:
1121:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1046:
1045:
1024:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1004:
1003:
949:
948:
939:
938:
932:
931:
926:Phthanobatrachia
907:
906:
840:
839:
815:
814:
793:
792:
783:
782:
734:
733:
724:
723:
666:
665:
644:
643:
634:
633:
585:
584:
578:
577:
568:
567:
564:of New Zealand.
562:St Bathans Fauna
514:deposits of the
504:
473:†Markham's frog,
441:
429:
417:
314:Archaeobatrachia
289:
263:
244:
231:Archaeobatrachia
172:
171:
149:
139:
76:
72:Temporal range:
64:
63:
21:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3880:
3875:
3867:
3862:
3854:
3852:
3844:
3839:
3831:
3826:
3818:
3813:
3805:
3800:
3792:
3787:
3779:
3774:
3766:
3761:
3753:
3748:
3740:
3735:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3692:
3684:
3682:
3674:
3669:
3661:
3656:
3648:
3646:
3638:
3633:
3625:
3620:
3612:
3607:
3599:
3594:
3586:
3581:
3573:
3568:
3560:
3555:
3547:
3542:
3534:
3529:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3486:
3476:
3471:
3463:
3461:
3455:
3446:Rhinodermatidae
3406:Leptodactylidae
3322:
3279:
3270:
3237:
3199:
3192:
3154:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3124:
3122:Further reading
3119:
3118:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3050:
2997:
2990:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2871:
2869:
2868:on 4 March 2016
2865:
2858:
2791:
2787:
2768:
2764:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2712:
2708:
2661:
2657:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2625:
2623:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2581:
2577:
2527:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2461:
2459:
2451:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2347:
2338:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2302:
2278:
2222:
2176:Saukrobatrachia
2166:
2113:
2104:
2065:Pyxicephaloidea
1947:
1938:
1929:
1880:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1678:Rhinodermatidae
1621:
1612:
1535:Odontophrynidae
1493:
1484:
1475:
1427:Leptodactylidae
1390:
1381:
1372:
1311:Agastorophrynia
1230:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1088:
1079:
1068:Limnodynastidae
991:
982:
891:
882:
873:
767:
708:
699:
618:
554:L. hochstetteri
542:
481:†Waitomo frog,
455:
453:Extinct species
430:McCulloch, 1919
423:Hamilton's frog
393:
388:
342:
262:
243:
166:
140:
138:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
74:
73:
70:
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3948:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3905:Leiopelmatidae
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3873:
3860:
3850:
3837:
3824:
3811:
3798:
3785:
3772:
3759:
3746:
3742:Leiopelmatidae
3733:
3728:Leiopelmatidae
3718:
3702:
3700:
3698:Leiopelmatidae
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3680:
3667:
3654:
3644:
3631:
3618:
3605:
3592:
3579:
3566:
3553:
3540:
3527:
3512:
3496:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3473:
3472:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3431:Pyxicephalidae
3428:
3426:Petropedetidae
3423:
3421:Myobatrachidae
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3386:Hemiphractidae
3383:
3381:Heleophrynidae
3378:
3373:
3371:Craugastoridae
3368:
3363:
3358:
3356:Brevicipitidae
3353:
3348:
3346:Arthroleptidae
3343:
3338:
3332:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3318:Rhinophrynidae
3315:
3313:Scaphiopodidae
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3266:Leiopelmatidae
3263:
3261:Discoglossidae
3258:
3256:Bombinatoridae
3253:
3247:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3153:
3152:External links
3150:
3149:
3148:
3130:"Native frog (
3123:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3057:
3048:
3011:(4): 211–230.
2988:
2961:(3): 215–224.
2941:
2911:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2851:
2839:(4): 409–420.
2810:(3): 201–251.
2785:
2762:
2751:(2): 123–131.
2731:
2724:
2706:
2655:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2612:
2602:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2552:10.1086/429523
2544:10.1086/429523
2538:(5): 590–599.
2520:
2500:(1): 111–126.
2477:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2457:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2211:Dicroglossidae
2207:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2093:Pyxicephalidae
2089:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2078:Petropedetidae
2074:
2069:
2067:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:Arthroleptidae
1914:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1854:Brevicipitidae
1850:
1845:
1843:
1835:
1833:
1832:Afrobatrachia
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1564:Cycloramphidae
1560:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:Ceratophryidae
1509:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1414:Diphyabatracea
1408:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1262:Athesphatanura
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:Hemiphractidae
1246:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:Craugastoridae
1183:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:Ceuthomantidae
1124:
1119:
1117:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:Myobatrachidae
1049:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
993:
992:
988:
987:
984:
983:
979:
978:
975:
974:
967:
964:
963:
960:
959:
952:
947:
945:
937:
935:
930:
928:
922:
921:
918:
917:
914:Heleophrynidae
910:
905:
903:
897:
896:
893:
892:
888:
887:
884:
883:
879:
878:
875:
874:
870:
869:
866:
865:
858:
855:
854:
851:
850:
843:
838:
836:
830:
829:
826:
825:
818:
813:
811:
808:
807:
804:
803:
800:Scaphiopodidae
796:
791:
789:
781:
779:
773:
772:
769:
768:
764:
763:
760:
759:
756:Rhinophrynidae
752:
749:
748:
745:
744:
737:
732:
730:
722:
720:
714:
713:
710:
709:
705:
704:
701:
700:
696:
695:
692:
691:
688:Discoglossidae
684:
681:
680:
677:
676:
669:
664:
662:
659:
658:
655:
654:
651:Bombinatoridae
647:
642:
640:
632:
630:
624:
623:
620:
619:
615:
614:
611:
610:
603:
600:
599:
596:
595:
592:Leiopelmatidae
588:
583:
581:
576:
574:
566:
541:
538:
537:
536:
528:
508:
507:
488:
487:
479:
471:
465:†Aurora frog,
454:
451:
450:
449:
448:
447:
432:
420:
397:Leiopelmatidae
392:
389:
387:
384:
358:key innovation
341:
338:
324:in the family
318:Leiopelmatidae
305:is a genus of
296:
295:
291:
290:
282:
281:
275:
274:
270:
269:
255:
251:
250:
241:Leiopelmatidae
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
160:
159:
151:
150:
142:
141:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
75:Miocene–Recent
71:
58:
36:
30:
27:
25:
18:Leiopelmatidae
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3947:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3738:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3687:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3470:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:Rhacophoridae
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3376:Dendrobatidae
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:Centrolenidae
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3285:Mesobatrachia
3282:
3277:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3197:
3189:
3184:
3182:
3177:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3135:
3133:
3126:
3125:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3061:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2993:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2920:"Holotype of
2915:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2890:"Holotype of
2885:
2864:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2727:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2671:(10): 935–9.
2670:
2666:
2659:
2645:
2639:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2441:
2440:
2432:
2431:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2413:
2405:
2404:
2396:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2378:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2360:
2359:
2351:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2315:
2314:
2306:
2305:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:Rhacophoridae
2247:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2108:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:Ptychadenidae
1965:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1933:
1932:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1782:
1774:
1773:
1765:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1747:
1746:
1738:
1737:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1719:
1711:
1710:
1702:
1701:
1693:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
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1663:Batrachylidae
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33:
28:
19:
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3491:
3451:Sooglossidae
3416:Microhylidae
3401:Hyperoliidae
3341:Aromobatidae
3328:Neobatrachia
3293:Megophryidae
3265:
3141:. Retrieved
3131:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3051:
3008:
3004:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2927:
2921:
2914:
2902:. Retrieved
2897:
2891:
2884:
2870:. Retrieved
2863:the original
2836:
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2734:
2715:
2709:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2647:. Retrieved
2638:
2624:. Retrieved
2620:
2605:
2593:. Retrieved
2588:
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2481:
2289:
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2250:
2209:
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2153:
2138:
2091:
2076:
2037:
2015:
1995:Micrixalidae
1993:
1968:
1916:
1903:Hyperoliidae
1901:
1867:
1852:
1821:Microhylidae
1819:
1808:Allodapanura
1676:
1661:
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1346:Aromobatidae
1344:
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1273:
1248:
1185:
1170:
1148:
1126:
1066:
1051:
1029:
1008:Notogaeanura
969:
956:Sooglossidae
954:
912:
901:Neobatrachia
862:Megophryidae
860:
845:
834:Pelobatoidea
820:
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67:
61:
47:27 July 2024
46:
37:This is the
31:
3802:iNaturalist
3722:Wikispecies
3596:iNaturalist
3516:Wikispecies
3411:Mantellidae
3391:Hemisotidae
3303:Pelodytidae
3298:Pelobatidae
3225:Superclass
2626:1 September
2595:1 September
2267:Mantellidae
2232:Aglaioanura
2196:Ranixalidae
1982:Victoranura
1869:Hemisotidae
1098:Nobleoanura
847:Pelobatidae
822:Pelodytidae
334:New Zealand
3899:Categories
3251:Ascaphidae
3219:Subphylum
3143:2007-11-07
3026:2328/35958
2872:29 January
2802:species".
2782:: 512–519.
2649:2005-12-05
2473:References
2039:Conrauidae
1957:Natatanura
787:Anomocoela
777:Acosmanura
628:Bombianura
607:Ascaphidae
550:L. archeyi
546:Ascaphidae
356:taxa is a
326:Ascaphidae
227:Suborder:
3536:Leiopelma
3522:Leiopelma
3492:Leiopelma
3361:Bufonidae
3227:Tetrapoda
3132:Leiopelma
3093:0027-8424
3035:0303-6758
2983:243120256
2975:0301-4223
2827:Leiopelma
2800:Leiopelma
2796:Leiopelma
1601:Hylodidae
1586:Alsodidae
1324:Bufonidae
1223:Terrarana
728:Xenoanura
459:subfossil
443:Fitzinger
405:Leiopelma
380:ship rats
373:Lifespans
346:vertebrae
330:Leiopelma
302:Leiopelma
279:See text
265:Fitzinger
259:Leiopelma
187:Kingdom:
181:Eukaryota
68:Leiopelma
3707:Wikidata
3507:Q1976453
3501:Wikidata
3233:Amphibia
3221:Craniata
3215:Chordata
3209:Animalia
3207:Kingdom
3111:28673970
3043:84562226
2701:18602582
2693:20625697
2568:17021360
2560:15795855
2516:15805014
2449:See also
1798:Ranoides
718:Pipanura
673:Alytidae
492:Pliocene
365:tadpoles
340:Overview
322:Ascaphus
311:suborder
273:Species
237:Family:
211:Amphibia
201:Chordata
197:Phylum:
191:Animalia
177:Domain:
43:reviewed
3614:1308096
3588:2429806
3436:Ranidae
3396:Hylidae
3308:Pipidae
3213:Phylum
3194:Extant
3102:5530686
2934:17 July
2904:17 July
2673:Bibcode
2291:Ranidae
1275:Hylidae
741:Pipidae
638:Costata
558:Miocene
512:Miocene
395:Family
391:Species
350:muscles
254:Genus:
217:Order:
207:Class:
3882:113809
3869:611960
3853:NZOR:
3833:173544
3820:104443
3713:Q55477
3683:uBio:
3676:156588
3663:611959
3647:NZOR:
3627:202079
3231:Class
3196:anuran
3109:
3099:
3091:
3041:
3033:
2981:
2973:
2722:
2699:
2691:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2514:
445:, 1861
402:Genus
267:, 1861
248:, 1869
246:Mivart
3846:43506
3815:IRMNG
3807:23269
3768:624Y3
3755:65519
3686:31444
3640:43507
3609:IRMNG
3601:23270
3575:42721
3549:65520
3137:(PDF)
3039:S2CID
2979:S2CID
2866:(PDF)
2859:(PDF)
2697:S2CID
2564:S2CID
2548:JSTOR
2528:(PDF)
572:Anura
221:Anura
3841:NCBI
3828:ITIS
3794:3085
3789:GBIF
3781:1560
3750:BOLD
3635:NCBI
3622:ITIS
3583:GBIF
3562:5BXN
3544:BOLD
3107:PMID
3089:ISSN
3031:ISSN
2971:ISSN
2936:2010
2906:2010
2874:2015
2720:ISBN
2689:PMID
2628:2015
2597:2015
2556:PMID
2512:PMID
552:and
80:PreꞒ
3776:EoL
3763:CoL
3737:ASW
3570:EoL
3557:CoL
3531:ASW
3097:PMC
3079:doi
3075:114
3021:hdl
3013:doi
2963:doi
2841:doi
2812:doi
2753:doi
2681:doi
2540:doi
2536:165
2502:doi
45:on
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3105:.
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120:J
115:T
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105:C
100:D
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90:O
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