3456:
2454:
139:
161:
279:
3268:
344:(the tail itself is absent in adults, although it is present in the younger frogs, which need the extra skin surface until their lungs are fully developed). The family Ascaphidae (found only in North America), of the same suborder, shares these primitive characteristics, hence the two have often been described as related, or even part of the same family.
347:
Late jump recovery is unique in
Leiopelmatidae. When leiopelmatid species jump, they land in a "belly flop" fashion, repositioning their limbs for takeoff for the next jump only after hitting the ground with the ventral surface of their torsos. The appearance of early jump recovery in more advanced
3047:
Updating The Record from the Early
Miocene St Bathans Fauna, Central Otago and its Significance for Documenting the Assembly of New Zealand’s Terrestrial Biota, Conference Paper · July 2014
370:
Introduced fauna are thought to have had a negative impact on these native frogs, with 93% of all reported predation events on native frogs being attributed to introduced fauna, primarily
355:
They are unusually small frogs, only 5 cm (2.0 in) in length. Most species lay their eggs in moist ground, typically under rocks or vegetation. After hatching, the
363:
lays its eggs in shallow ponds and has free-living tadpoles, although they do not swim far from the place of hatching, or even feed, before metamorphosing into adult frogs.
324:
in the family
Leiopelmatidae, the current consensus is that these two groups constitute two separate families. The three extant species of Leiopelmatidae are only found in
312:. The leiopelmatids' relatively basal form indicates they have an ancient lineage. While some taxonomists have suggested combining the North American frogs of the genus
548:
are thought to have diverged from each other between 40 and 50 million years ago, based on genomic divergence estimates. Fossils of the genus are known from the early
524:
516:
2655:
Essner, RL Jr; Suffian, DJ; Bishop, PJ; Reilly, SM (2010). "Landing in basal frogs: evidence of saltational patterns in the evolution of anuran locomotion".
1278:
2847:
1881:
1832:
492:
917:
2167:
2056:
1302:
1405:
1253:
3806:
3600:
1799:
999:
3916:
3832:
3626:
2223:
1973:
1089:
1948:
778:
768:
619:
3059:"Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary"
3926:
709:
629:
3906:
3780:
3574:
540:
to the exclusion of all other frogs, and
Leiopelmatidae and Ascaphidae diverged from all other frogs around 200 million years ago.
3057:
Feng, Yan-Jie; Blackburn, David C.; Liang, Dan; Hillis, David M.; Wake, David B.; Cannatella, David C.; Zhang, Peng (2017-07-18).
3819:
3613:
3921:
2715:
3824:
3618:
3901:
2764:"A Synthesis of Direct Evidence of Predation on Amphibians in New Zealand, in the Context of Global Invasion Biology"
349:
3837:
3631:
3177:
2576:
3527:
3728:
3522:
3149:
2854:
3121:
3741:
3535:
2943:"A new species of Leiopelma frog (Amphibia: Anura: Leiopelmatidae) from the late Pliocene of New Zealand"
3746:
3540:
34:
3733:
160:
3911:
3847:
3641:
237:
30:
3267:
3719:
2992:
2911:
2881:
3896:
3304:
3289:
3873:
3667:
3475:
3309:
475:
3605:
3868:
3811:
3662:
459:
426:
360:
3860:
3654:
3767:
3677:
3561:
2664:
2515:
San Mauro, Diego; Miguel Vences; Marina
Alcobendas; Rafael Zardoya; Axel Meyer (May 2005).
2446:
1022:
8:
3513:
3327:
3170:
2516:
1163:
507:
2668:
3093:
3058:
3030:
2970:
2735:(Anura: Leiopelmatidae) translocated to restored habitat on Maud Island, New Zealand".
2688:
2555:
2539:
467:
414:
155:
2635:
359:
nest in the male's back, all without the need for standing or flowing water. However,
3855:
3754:
3649:
3548:
3155:
3098:
3080:
3022:
2974:
2962:
2763:
2711:
2680:
2547:
2514:
2503:
2146:
2008:
1106:
1009:
962:
434:
256:
3034:
2692:
2559:
138:
3759:
3367:
3342:
3234:
3088:
3070:
3012:
3004:
2954:
2837:
2832:
2816:
2807:
2803:
2744:
2672:
2531:
2493:
2131:
1141:
553:
402:
305:
222:
3553:
2958:
2748:
3437:
3397:
3382:
3008:
1669:
1526:
1418:
1059:
453:
remains, also from New
Zealand. They became extinct during the past 1,000 years.
364:
2942:
2731:
Bell, Ben D.; et al. (2004). "The fate of a population of the endemic frog
536:
DNA analysis indicates that
Leiopelmatidae share a distant common ancestry with
3498:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3377:
3362:
3347:
3337:
3252:
3247:
3163:
2482:"Archaeobatrachian paraphyly and Pangaean diversification of crown-group frogs"
2202:
2084:
2069:
1909:
1845:
1555:
1504:
1241:
1178:
1119:
1044:
905:
791:
747:
679:
642:
2676:
2543:
2517:"Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea"
2498:
278:
3890:
3432:
3276:
3084:
3026:
2966:
2243:
1961:
1654:
1632:
1455:
1440:
1352:
934:
96:
3075:
3704:
3460:
3442:
3407:
3392:
3332:
3319:
3294:
3284:
3102:
2684:
2551:
2507:
2458:
1986:
1894:
1812:
1337:
947:
892:
853:
825:
2941:
Easton, Luke J.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Rawlence, Nicolas J. (2021-10-12).
336:
The New
Zealand primitive frogs' defining characteristics are their extra
3793:
3713:
3587:
3507:
3402:
3242:
2258:
2187:
1860:
838:
813:
325:
71:
3579:
3372:
3357:
2030:
598:
537:
317:
116:
81:
3017:
510:, with indeterminate remains possibly representing additional species
3798:
3592:
3427:
3352:
3224:
3218:
2993:"Early Miocene fossil frogs (Anura: Leiopelmatidae) from New Zealand"
1592:
1577:
1315:
1214:
719:
450:
337:
202:
172:
121:
3785:
3469:
3698:
3492:
3212:
3206:
2991:
Worthy, Th; Tennyson, Ajd; Scofield, Rp; Hand, Sj (December 2013).
2817:"Palaeoecological information concerning members of the frog genus
2790:(Amphibia: Leiopelmatidae) and descriptions of three new subfossil
2535:
1789:
664:
483:
371:
302:
192:
111:
106:
91:
86:
76:
3387:
3299:
2762:
Egeter, Bastian; Robertson, Bruce C.; Bishop, Phillip J. (2015).
2481:
2282:
1266:
732:
549:
503:
356:
126:
101:
2706:
Zweifel, Richard G. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G. (eds.).
2581:
Amphibian
Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0
3200:
341:
182:
3566:
2608:
3772:
3187:
367:
may be long (more than 30 years) for such small organisms.
212:
2990:
2654:
3056:
3185:
2940:
2479:
3131:. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand
2761:
2705:
340:(for a total of nine) and the remains of the tail
2606:
2603:J.M. Conlon et al. / Peptides 30 (2009) 1069–1073
3888:
2574:
3063:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2480:Roelants, Kim; Franky Bossuyt (February 2005).
308:. It is the only genus in the monotypic family
3171:
2845:
377:
2853:. Department of Conservation. Archived from
3119:
2997:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
2825:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
2796:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
15:
3178:
3164:
286:Distribution of Leiopelmatidae (in black)
277:
137:
16:
3092:
3074:
3016:
2922:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
2892:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
2836:
2710:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 85.
2497:
2786:Worthy, Trevor H. (1987). "Osteology of
320:with the New Zealand frogs of the genus
24:This is an accepted version of this page
2708:Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians
531:
14:
3889:
3152:- research on New Zealand frog biology
2848:"Native frog captive husbandry manual"
2814:
2785:
3474:
3473:
3159:
3150:New Zealand Frog Conservation Biology
2986:
2984:
3917:Extant Burdigalian first appearances
3848:9209c62d-0f19-4270-b9c7-d819b16dfc49
3642:379217dd-649b-453e-bff7-fb83b221ae21
2730:
2636:"DOC: Photo-stage and Archey's Frog"
2583:. American Museum of Natural History
2568:
486:period has recently been described.
497:Easton, Tennyson and Rawlence, 2021
449:Three extinct species are known by
48:
3113:
2981:
2699:
444:
49:
3938:
3927:Endemic amphibians of New Zealand
3143:
3454:
3266:
2821:: Leiopelmatidae in New Zealand"
2452:
159:
69:
3907:Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger
3050:
3041:
2934:
2904:
2874:
552:(19-16 million years ago) aged
2947:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
2838:10.1080/03036758.1987.10426482
2808:10.1080/03036758.1987.10418160
2778:
2755:
2737:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
2724:
2648:
2628:
2595:
2471:
13:
1:
2959:10.1080/03014223.2021.1979053
2749:10.1080/03014223.2004.9518366
2577:"Leiopelmatidae Mivart, 1869"
2464:
3922:Endemic fauna of New Zealand
3009:10.1080/03036758.2013.825300
2613:The Tree of Life Web Project
7:
2609:"Leiopelmatidae. Leiopelma"
2440:
502:Two species are known from
331:
299:New Zealand primitive frogs
10:
3943:
2815:Worthy, Trevor H. (1987).
2607:Cannatella, David (2008).
482:One species from the late
382:
378:Taxonomy & systematics
3902:Amphibians of New Zealand
3688:
3482:
3451:
3318:
3275:
3264:
3233:
3195:
2677:10.1007/s00114-010-0697-4
2575:Frost, Darrel R. (2015).
2499:10.1080/10635150590905894
2280:
2256:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2200:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2144:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2082:
2067:
2060:
2050:
2043:
2028:
2021:
2006:
1999:
1984:
1977:
1959:
1952:
1907:
1892:
1885:
1858:
1843:
1836:
1826:
1810:
1803:
1793:
1667:
1652:
1645:
1630:
1623:
1590:
1575:
1568:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1524:
1517:
1502:
1495:
1453:
1438:
1431:
1416:
1409:
1399:
1392:
1350:
1335:
1328:
1313:
1306:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1264:
1257:
1239:
1232:
1176:
1161:
1154:
1139:
1132:
1117:
1110:
1100:
1093:
1057:
1042:
1035:
1020:
1013:
1003:
993:
960:
945:
938:
928:
921:
903:
896:
851:
836:
829:
811:
804:
789:
782:
772:
745:
730:
723:
713:
677:
662:
655:
640:
633:
623:
596:
581:
574:
567:
285:
276:
269:
264:
156:Scientific classification
154:
145:
136:
58:
31:latest accepted revision
3076:10.1073/pnas.1704632114
2914:Leiopelma waitomoensis
2846:Nadia Webster (2004).
476:Leiopelma waitomoensis
431:Leiopelma hochstetteri
148:Leiopelma hochstetteri
3869:Paleobiology Database
3663:Paleobiology Database
2768:Herpetological Review
460:Leiopelma auroraensis
352:in anuran evolution.
3190:families by suborder
3126:ssp.) recovery plan"
3120:D.G. Newman (1996).
2447:Frogs of New Zealand
1023:Calyptocephalellidae
532:Evolutionary history
525:Leiopelma acricarina
517:Leiopelma miocaenale
146:Hochstetter's frog (
3328:Amphignathodontidae
3069:(29): E5864–E5870.
2669:2010NW.....97..935E
2657:Naturwissenschaften
2524:American Naturalist
1164:Eleutherodactylidae
508:Saint Bathans fauna
419:Leiopelma hamiltoni
301:, belonging to the
51:Genus of amphibians
21:Page version status
2920:Collections Online
2890:Collections Online
2884:Leiopelma markhami
2486:Systematic Biology
1279:Leptodactyliformes
468:Leiopelma markhami
427:Hochstetter's frog
361:Hochstetter's frog
27:
3884:
3883:
3856:Open Tree of Life
3650:Open Tree of Life
3476:Taxon identifiers
3467:
3466:
2717:978-0-12-178560-4
2437:
2436:
2428:
2427:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2409:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2374:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2346:
2338:
2337:
2329:
2328:
2320:
2319:
2311:
2310:
2302:
2301:
2293:
2292:
2269:
2268:
2213:
2212:
2157:
2156:
2147:Ceratobatrachidae
2104:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2009:Phrynobatrachidae
1938:
1937:
1929:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1882:Laurentobatrachia
1871:
1870:
1833:Xenosyneunitanura
1779:
1778:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1751:
1743:
1742:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1679:
1612:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1484:
1483:
1475:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1381:
1380:
1372:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1221:
1220:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1107:Brachycephaloidea
1079:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1010:Australobatrachia
982:
981:
973:
972:
963:Nasikabatrachidae
882:
881:
873:
872:
864:
863:
758:
757:
699:
698:
690:
689:
609:
608:
498:
493:Leiopelma bishopi
438:
423:
411:
407:Leiopelma archeyi
290:
289:
260:
241:
18:
3934:
3912:Amphibian genera
3877:
3876:
3864:
3863:
3851:
3850:
3841:
3840:
3828:
3827:
3815:
3814:
3802:
3801:
3789:
3788:
3776:
3775:
3763:
3762:
3750:
3749:
3737:
3736:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3681:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3658:
3657:
3645:
3644:
3635:
3634:
3622:
3621:
3609:
3608:
3596:
3595:
3583:
3582:
3570:
3569:
3557:
3556:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3530:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3471:
3470:
3461:Frogs portal
3459:
3458:
3457:
3343:Brachycephalidae
3270:
3235:Archaeobatrachia
3180:
3173:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3130:
3107:
3106:
3096:
3078:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3020:
2988:
2979:
2978:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2811:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2733:Leiopelma pakeka
2728:
2722:
2721:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2521:
2511:
2501:
2475:
2459:Frogs portal
2457:
2456:
2455:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2132:Nyctibatrachidae
2125:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2063:
2062:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2024:
2023:
2002:
2001:
1980:
1979:
1955:
1954:
1888:
1887:
1839:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1806:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1648:
1647:
1626:
1625:
1571:
1570:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1520:
1519:
1498:
1497:
1434:
1433:
1412:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1331:
1330:
1309:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1260:
1259:
1235:
1234:
1157:
1156:
1142:Brachycephalidae
1135:
1134:
1113:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1038:
1037:
1016:
1015:
1006:
1005:
996:
995:
941:
940:
931:
930:
924:
923:
918:Phthanobatrachia
899:
898:
832:
831:
807:
806:
785:
784:
775:
774:
726:
725:
716:
715:
658:
657:
636:
635:
626:
625:
577:
576:
570:
569:
560:
559:
556:of New Zealand.
554:St Bathans Fauna
506:deposits of the
496:
465:†Markham's frog,
433:
421:
409:
306:Archaeobatrachia
281:
255:
236:
223:Archaeobatrachia
164:
163:
141:
131:
68:
64:Temporal range:
56:
55:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3872:
3867:
3859:
3854:
3846:
3844:
3836:
3831:
3823:
3818:
3810:
3805:
3797:
3792:
3784:
3779:
3771:
3766:
3758:
3753:
3745:
3740:
3732:
3727:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3684:
3676:
3674:
3666:
3661:
3653:
3648:
3640:
3638:
3630:
3625:
3617:
3612:
3604:
3599:
3591:
3586:
3578:
3573:
3565:
3560:
3552:
3547:
3539:
3534:
3526:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3478:
3468:
3463:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3438:Rhinodermatidae
3398:Leptodactylidae
3314:
3271:
3262:
3229:
3191:
3184:
3146:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3116:
3114:Further reading
3111:
3110:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3042:
2989:
2982:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2895:
2893:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2863:
2861:
2860:on 4 March 2016
2857:
2850:
2783:
2779:
2760:
2756:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2704:
2700:
2653:
2649:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2617:
2615:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2573:
2569:
2519:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2453:
2451:
2443:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2270:
2214:
2168:Saukrobatrachia
2158:
2105:
2096:
2057:Pyxicephaloidea
1939:
1930:
1921:
1872:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1670:Rhinodermatidae
1613:
1604:
1527:Odontophrynidae
1485:
1476:
1467:
1419:Leptodactylidae
1382:
1373:
1364:
1303:Agastorophrynia
1222:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1080:
1071:
1060:Limnodynastidae
983:
974:
883:
874:
865:
759:
700:
691:
610:
546:L. hochstetteri
534:
473:†Waitomo frog,
447:
445:Extinct species
422:McCulloch, 1919
415:Hamilton's frog
385:
380:
334:
254:
235:
158:
132:
130:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
66:
65:
62:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
3940:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3897:Leiopelmatidae
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3865:
3852:
3842:
3829:
3816:
3803:
3790:
3777:
3764:
3751:
3738:
3734:Leiopelmatidae
3725:
3720:Leiopelmatidae
3710:
3694:
3692:
3690:Leiopelmatidae
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3672:
3659:
3646:
3636:
3623:
3610:
3597:
3584:
3571:
3558:
3545:
3532:
3519:
3504:
3488:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3465:
3464:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3423:Pyxicephalidae
3420:
3418:Petropedetidae
3415:
3413:Myobatrachidae
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3378:Hemiphractidae
3375:
3373:Heleophrynidae
3370:
3365:
3363:Craugastoridae
3360:
3355:
3350:
3348:Brevicipitidae
3345:
3340:
3338:Arthroleptidae
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3310:Rhinophrynidae
3307:
3305:Scaphiopodidae
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3258:Leiopelmatidae
3255:
3253:Discoglossidae
3250:
3248:Bombinatoridae
3245:
3239:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3145:
3144:External links
3142:
3141:
3140:
3122:"Native frog (
3115:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3049:
3040:
3003:(4): 211–230.
2980:
2953:(3): 215–224.
2933:
2903:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2843:
2831:(4): 409–420.
2802:(3): 201–251.
2777:
2754:
2743:(2): 123–131.
2723:
2716:
2698:
2647:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2604:
2594:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2544:10.1086/429523
2536:10.1086/429523
2530:(5): 590–599.
2512:
2492:(1): 111–126.
2469:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2449:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:Dicroglossidae
2199:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2085:Pyxicephalidae
2081:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2070:Petropedetidae
2066:
2061:
2059:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1910:Arthroleptidae
1906:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1846:Brevicipitidae
1842:
1837:
1835:
1827:
1825:
1824:Afrobatrachia
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1794:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:Cycloramphidae
1552:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1505:Ceratophryidae
1501:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1406:Diphyabatracea
1400:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1254:Athesphatanura
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:Hemiphractidae
1238:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:Craugastoridae
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1120:Ceuthomantidae
1116:
1111:
1109:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1045:Myobatrachidae
1041:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1004:
1002:
994:
992:
989:
988:
985:
984:
980:
979:
976:
975:
971:
970:
967:
966:
959:
956:
955:
952:
951:
944:
939:
937:
929:
927:
922:
920:
914:
913:
910:
909:
906:Heleophrynidae
902:
897:
895:
889:
888:
885:
884:
880:
879:
876:
875:
871:
870:
867:
866:
862:
861:
858:
857:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
835:
830:
828:
822:
821:
818:
817:
810:
805:
803:
800:
799:
796:
795:
792:Scaphiopodidae
788:
783:
781:
773:
771:
765:
764:
761:
760:
756:
755:
752:
751:
748:Rhinophrynidae
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
729:
724:
722:
714:
712:
706:
705:
702:
701:
697:
696:
693:
692:
688:
687:
684:
683:
680:Discoglossidae
676:
673:
672:
669:
668:
661:
656:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
643:Bombinatoridae
639:
634:
632:
624:
622:
616:
615:
612:
611:
607:
606:
603:
602:
595:
592:
591:
588:
587:
584:Leiopelmatidae
580:
575:
573:
568:
566:
558:
533:
530:
529:
528:
520:
500:
499:
480:
479:
471:
463:
457:†Aurora frog,
446:
443:
442:
441:
440:
439:
424:
412:
389:Leiopelmatidae
384:
381:
379:
376:
350:key innovation
333:
330:
316:in the family
310:Leiopelmatidae
297:is a genus of
288:
287:
283:
282:
274:
273:
267:
266:
262:
261:
247:
243:
242:
233:Leiopelmatidae
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
152:
151:
143:
142:
134:
133:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
67:Miocene–Recent
63:
50:
28:
22:
19:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3939:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3875:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3679:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3462:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:Rhacophoridae
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3368:Dendrobatidae
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3358:Centrolenidae
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3277:Mesobatrachia
3274:
3269:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3189:
3181:
3176:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3127:
3125:
3118:
3117:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3044:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2985:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2912:"Holotype of
2907:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2882:"Holotype of
2877:
2856:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2663:(10): 935–9.
2662:
2658:
2651:
2637:
2631:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2433:
2432:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2388:
2387:
2379:
2378:
2370:
2369:
2361:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2343:
2342:
2334:
2333:
2325:
2324:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2306:
2298:
2297:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:Rhacophoridae
2239:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2100:
2099:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:Ptychadenidae
1957:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1775:
1774:
1766:
1765:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1747:
1739:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1703:
1702:
1694:
1693:
1685:
1684:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1655:Batrachylidae
1650:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1639:
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25:
20:
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3483:
3443:Sooglossidae
3408:Microhylidae
3393:Hyperoliidae
3333:Aromobatidae
3320:Neobatrachia
3285:Megophryidae
3257:
3133:. Retrieved
3123:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3043:
3000:
2996:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2924:. Retrieved
2919:
2913:
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2894:. Retrieved
2889:
2883:
2876:
2862:. Retrieved
2855:the original
2828:
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2740:
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2732:
2726:
2707:
2701:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2639:. Retrieved
2630:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2580:
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2473:
2281:
2257:
2242:
2201:
2186:
2145:
2130:
2083:
2068:
2029:
2007:
1987:Micrixalidae
1985:
1960:
1908:
1895:Hyperoliidae
1893:
1859:
1844:
1813:Microhylidae
1811:
1800:Allodapanura
1668:
1653:
1631:
1591:
1576:
1554:
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1503:
1454:
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1351:
1338:Aromobatidae
1336:
1314:
1265:
1240:
1177:
1162:
1140:
1118:
1058:
1043:
1021:
1000:Notogaeanura
961:
948:Sooglossidae
946:
904:
893:Neobatrachia
854:Megophryidae
852:
837:
826:Pelobatoidea
812:
790:
746:
731:
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663:
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583:
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59:
53:
39:27 July 2024
38:
29:This is the
23:
3794:iNaturalist
3714:Wikispecies
3588:iNaturalist
3508:Wikispecies
3403:Mantellidae
3383:Hemisotidae
3295:Pelodytidae
3290:Pelobatidae
3217:Superclass
2618:1 September
2587:1 September
2259:Mantellidae
2224:Aglaioanura
2188:Ranixalidae
1974:Victoranura
1861:Hemisotidae
1090:Nobleoanura
839:Pelobatidae
814:Pelodytidae
326:New Zealand
3891:Categories
3243:Ascaphidae
3211:Subphylum
3135:2007-11-07
3018:2328/35958
2864:29 January
2794:species".
2774:: 512–519.
2641:2005-12-05
2465:References
2031:Conrauidae
1949:Natatanura
779:Anomocoela
769:Acosmanura
620:Bombianura
599:Ascaphidae
542:L. archeyi
538:Ascaphidae
348:taxa is a
318:Ascaphidae
219:Suborder:
3528:Leiopelma
3514:Leiopelma
3484:Leiopelma
3353:Bufonidae
3219:Tetrapoda
3124:Leiopelma
3085:0027-8424
3027:0303-6758
2975:243120256
2967:0301-4223
2819:Leiopelma
2792:Leiopelma
2788:Leiopelma
1593:Hylodidae
1578:Alsodidae
1316:Bufonidae
1215:Terrarana
720:Xenoanura
451:subfossil
435:Fitzinger
397:Leiopelma
372:ship rats
365:Lifespans
338:vertebrae
322:Leiopelma
294:Leiopelma
271:See text
257:Fitzinger
251:Leiopelma
179:Kingdom:
173:Eukaryota
60:Leiopelma
3699:Wikidata
3499:Q1976453
3493:Wikidata
3225:Amphibia
3213:Craniata
3207:Chordata
3201:Animalia
3199:Kingdom
3103:28673970
3035:84562226
2693:18602582
2685:20625697
2560:17021360
2552:15795855
2508:15805014
2441:See also
1790:Ranoides
710:Pipanura
665:Alytidae
484:Pliocene
357:tadpoles
332:Overview
314:Ascaphus
303:suborder
265:Species
229:Family:
203:Amphibia
193:Chordata
189:Phylum:
183:Animalia
169:Domain:
35:reviewed
3606:1308096
3580:2429806
3428:Ranidae
3388:Hylidae
3300:Pipidae
3205:Phylum
3186:Extant
3094:5530686
2926:17 July
2896:17 July
2665:Bibcode
2283:Ranidae
1267:Hylidae
733:Pipidae
630:Costata
550:Miocene
504:Miocene
387:Family
383:Species
342:muscles
246:Genus:
209:Order:
199:Class:
3874:113809
3861:611960
3845:NZOR:
3825:173544
3812:104443
3705:Q55477
3675:uBio:
3668:156588
3655:611959
3639:NZOR:
3619:202079
3223:Class
3188:anuran
3101:
3091:
3083:
3033:
3025:
2973:
2965:
2714:
2691:
2683:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2506:
437:, 1861
394:Genus
259:, 1861
240:, 1869
238:Mivart
3838:43506
3807:IRMNG
3799:23269
3760:624Y3
3747:65519
3678:31444
3632:43507
3601:IRMNG
3593:23270
3567:42721
3541:65520
3129:(PDF)
3031:S2CID
2971:S2CID
2858:(PDF)
2851:(PDF)
2689:S2CID
2556:S2CID
2540:JSTOR
2520:(PDF)
564:Anura
213:Anura
3833:NCBI
3820:ITIS
3786:3085
3781:GBIF
3773:1560
3742:BOLD
3627:NCBI
3614:ITIS
3575:GBIF
3554:5BXN
3536:BOLD
3099:PMID
3081:ISSN
3023:ISSN
2963:ISSN
2928:2010
2898:2010
2866:2015
2712:ISBN
2681:PMID
2620:2015
2589:2015
2548:PMID
2504:PMID
544:and
72:PreꞒ
3768:EoL
3755:CoL
3729:ASW
3562:EoL
3549:CoL
3523:ASW
3089:PMC
3071:doi
3067:114
3013:hdl
3005:doi
2955:doi
2833:doi
2804:doi
2745:doi
2673:doi
2532:doi
2528:165
2494:doi
37:on
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3097:.
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3011:.
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2798:.
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490:†
127:N
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112:J
107:T
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41:.
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