745:. Patients retain the rights to refuse medical treatment and to receive appropriate management of pain at their request (passive euthanasia), even if the patients' choices hasten their deaths. Additionally, futile or disproportionately burdensome treatments, such as life-support machines, may be withdrawn under specified circumstances and, under federal law and most state laws only with the informed consent of the patient or, in the event of the incompetence of the patient, with the informed consent of the legal surrogate. The Supreme Court of the United States has not dealt with "quality of life issues" or "futility issues" and appears to only condone active or passive "euthanasia" (not legally defined) when there is clear and convincing evidence that informed consent to the euthanasia, passive or active, has been obtained from the competent patient or the legal surrogate of the incompetent patient.
2020:: Law not yet in force, awaits regulation to be implemented. The law legalizing euthanasia, Law n.º 22/2023, of 22 May, states in Article 31 that the regulation must be approved within 90 days of the publishing of the law, which would have been 23 August 2023. However, the regulation has not yet been approved by the government. On 24 November 2023, the Ministry of Health stated that the regulation of the law would be the responsibility of the new government elected in the 10 March 2024 elections. The law, according to its Article 34, will only enter into force 30 days after the regulation is published.
822:, a Spanish penalist, that introduced this concept in his book "Libertad de amar y derecho a morir: ensayos de un criminalista sobre eugenesia, eutanasia, endocrinología", published in Madrid/Spain, in 1928. The first proposal to understand Euthanasia as homicide was made by Ruy Santos in his MD thesis, "Da resistencia dos estados mórbidos à therapeutica e da incurabilidade perante a euthanásia", at Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia/Brazil, in 1928. He made a difference between Euthanasia as homicide and Euthanasia as suicide, probably the first citation about Assisted Suicide.
1030:(e.g., through injection). The judgments in these cases set forth a legal framework and a set of conditions within which both passive and active euthanasia could be legal. Nevertheless, in both of these particular cases the doctors were found guilty of violating these conditions when taking the lives of their patients. Further, because the findings of these courts have yet to be upheld at the national level, these precedents are not necessarily binding. Nevertheless, at present, there is a tentative legal framework for implementing euthanasia in Japan.
346:
659:
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leniency or even waive the sentence. The provision of
Article 150 of the Penal Code, which defines the crime of euthanasia murder, does not, however, explicitly require the person requesting it to be terminally ill, but this requirement is introduced by case law. A specific type of crime related to euthanasia in the broad sense of the term is assistance to suicide (Article 151 of the Penal Code), which also includes so-called euthanasic assistance to suicide, i.e. facilitating the suicide of a terminally ill person.
268:
1957:, found it necessary to distinguish such topics as euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, informed consent and refusal, advance directives, pregnant patients, surrogate decision-making (including neonates), DNR orders, irreversible loss of consciousness, quality of life (as a criterion for limiting end-of-life care), withholding and withdrawing intervention, and futility. Similar distinctions presumably are found outside the U.S., as with the highly contested statements of the British Medical Association.
242:
608:, Comprehensive Criminal Organic Code), that typifies simple homicide, is constitutional as long as active euthanasia is not sanctioned. The Court indicated that active euthanasia will be legal when i) it is performed by a physician, ii) the patient has given free, unequivocal and informed consent (or through a representative when unable to express it), and iii) the patient is experiencing intense suffering because of a serious and irreversible bodily injury or a serious and incurable disease.
35:
398:
1909:
294:
67:
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and when it is "carried out or assisted by a health care professional". It would apply exclusively to adults presenting "suffering of great intensity, permanent injuries of extreme gravity, or a serious and incurable disease". It also established a minimum period of two months between the start of the process and the physician-assisted death, and provided for compulsory psychological support for the patient. The
President decided to send it back to the
428:
320:
628:
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578:. Passive euthanasia, however, is legal. Since 2012, the regulation of patients' rights creates the right to informed consent, which allows accepting or refusing any medical treatment. Patients can refuse treatment when they are terminal. Currently, a bill to allow active euthanasia and assisted suicide is being discussed by the congress. The bill was approved in general by the Chamber of Deputies on 12 December 2020.
372:
591:. The court defined "terminally ill" person as those with diseases such as "cancer, AIDS, and kidney or liver failure if they are terminal and the cause of extreme suffering," the Post reported. The ruling specifically refused to authorize euthanasia for people with degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, or Lou Gehrig's disease. On 15 December 2014, the Constitutional Court had given the
5397:
506:), through Law 26,742, legalised a project that enables patients to reject treatments that artificially prolong the life of patients with terminal or irreversible symptoms. The consent may be given by the patient or, if he or she is not in a position to do so, their relatives or legal representatives. Basically, Argentina supports passive euthanasia but not active euthanasia.
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medicine as a profession. In response, autonomy and quality-of-life-base arguments are made in support of euthanasia, underscored by claims that when the only way to relieve a dying patient's pain or suffering is terminal sedation with loss of consciousness, death is a preferable alternative – an argument also made in support of physician-assisted suicide.
539:
In
January 2016 the court granted an additional 4-month extension to its ruling suspension to allow time for the newly elected Liberal government to consult with Canadians on drafting a law to comply with the ruling. As an interim measure, it also ruled that provincial courts can now begin approving applications for euthanasia until the new law passes.
555:, where it was criticized as being drafted too quickly, and being too restrictive compared with the Supreme Court decision. As a result, the Senate made a series of amendments to the bill. The House of Commons accepted all of the amendments made by the Senate except one, which removed the requirement that death be "reasonably foreseeable."
818:, article 37, accepts Compassionate Homicide, the first legal document that include euthanasia, although legal document didn't use this denomination. In another article, 127, the judge could waive the doctor, if this action was made by patient pledge and the doctor had an honorable reputation. The main source of this Penal Code was
1395:, it is unlawful for any person (including a doctor or other health professional) to actively contribute to a person's death, Under the Criminal Law (Suicide) Act, 1993, a person who "aids, abets, counsels or procures" the suicide or attempted suicide of another person may be imprisoned, following conviction, for up to 14 years.
912:. In 1997, the Australian Federal Government overrode the Northern Territory legislation through the introduction of the Euthanasia Laws Act 1997; however, this was repealed in December 2022 with the passing of Restoring Territory Rights Act. During the brief period in which euthanasia was legal in the Northern Territory, Dr
1977:, the successor to the (Voluntary) Euthanasia Society. In an unsympathetic account, the International Task Force on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide has detailed the ebb and flow of euthanasia proponents. In addition to professional and religious groups, there are NGOs opposed to euthanasia found in various countries.
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the
Assembly of the Republic confirms the vote by an absolute majority of the Deputies in office, the President of the Republic must promulgate the diploma within eight days of receiving it". MP Isabel Moreira said the Parliament was "reaffirming a law that has already been approved several times by a huge majority".
1689:"The murder committed at the explicit, serious, conscious and repeated request of the victim who was suffering from an incurable disease or a serious medical illness, causing permanent suffering and unbearable, is punishable by imprisonment from one to five years," according to article 190 of the newest Penal Code.
1642:- a practising Catholic - asked the country's Constitutional Court to review the law on 18 February. On 15 March, the top court ruled that the language of the law was imprecise in identifying the circumstances under which the procedures for administering euthanasia could occur and thus declared it unconstitutional.
1968:
The debate in the ethics literature on euthanasia is just as divided as the debate on physician-assisted suicide, perhaps more so. Slippery-slope arguments are often made, supported by claims about abuse of voluntary euthanasia in the
Netherlands.... Arguments against it are based on the integrity of
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The yet again reworded bill, which the head of state had vetoed on 29 April for the fourth time, was reconfirmed on 12 May by a majority in
Parliament, finally being promulgated by the President on 16 May. Article 136.º, nº 2 of the Portuguese Constitution requires that, after the veto of a bill, "if
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for "preemptive review" citing that "legal certainty and security are essential in the central area of rights, freedoms, and guarantees." On 31 January 2023, the Court yet again rejected the law, pointing to an "intolerable vagueness" in its wording and sent the text back to
Parliament which had been
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Parliament has assigned ethics panels over the years that have advised against legalisation each time however it is still not specifically outlawed and a study published in 2003 showed 41% of deaths under medical supervision involved doctors taking "end-of-life" decisions to help ease their patients'
1246:
In late 2014, a doctor administered a lethal dose of drugs to a patient who had struggled with mental illness for several years, upon the patient's request and with a rationale given that persons with a psychiatric illness should be afforded the same rights as those suffering from a physical illness.
1069:
The problems that arose from this, in addition to the problem faced by many other families in the country, has led to the creation of "bioethics SWAT teams". These teams will be made available to the families of terminally ill patients in order to help them, along with the doctors, come to a decision
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On 9 June 2022, Portuguese lawmakers made a third attempt, approving the bill generally in
Parliament and definitively on 9 December 2022. The text now defined physician-assisted death as death which "occurs by a person's own decision, in the exercise of his fundamental right to self-determination,"
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is defined as always appearing under the influence of sympathy for the suffering person and at their request. It is forbidden; it is treated as a kind of murder punishable in a milder way. The perpetrator is punishable by imprisonment of between 3 months and 5 years. Exceptionally, a court may apply
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A parliamentary committee report tasked with studying the issue in light of the
Supreme Court of Canada's ruling recommended that anyone experiencing "intolerable suffering" should be able to seek a doctor's help to die. On 14 April 2016, Canada's federal Liberal government introduced legislation to
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that
Canadian adults who are mentally competent and suffering intolerably and permanently have the right to a doctor's help in dying. The court however suspended its ruling for 12 months to give the government an opportunity to write legislation and draft new laws and policies around assisted dying.
1827:
Passive euthanasia was deemed legal after a landmark court ruling in 2010. That means a health care professional can legally cease life support upon request from a patient if they understand the consequences stated by their health care provider, and administering a lethal substance is also illegal.
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In the 1973 "Postma case" a physician was convicted for having facilitated the death of her mother following repeated explicit requests for euthanasia. While upholding the conviction, the court's judgment set out criteria when a doctor would not be required to keep a patient alive contrary to their
1398:
It is not, however, unlawful to remove life support and other medical treatment should a person (or their next of kin) request it. Doctors can stop giving a patient life-sustaining treatments, such as ventilators and feeding tubes, after being sedated, thus allowing the patient to die peacefully in
1165:
sparked for a long time, starting back on 4 December 1997 when a doctor was sent to prison for a major duration for voluntarily cutting life support of a braindead patient who injured himself from a head trauma, upon the request of his wife. This incident is well known in Korea as 'Boramae Hospital
841:
All Australian states have passed laws allowing voluntary assisted dying (as it is known in Australia), which allow physician-assisted suicide where a person suffers a medical condition that is advanced, incurable, irreversible, causes intolerable suffering, and will cause the person's death in the
720:
On 4 March of the same year, the Peruvian legislator Roberto Angulo Álvarez, membership of Dignity and Democracy parliamentary group, motivated by this case, presented a bill that proposed to allow assisted death in case of terminal or degenerative disease, with the objective of "avoid the physical
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trying to legislate in favour of euthanasia for almost three years. The Parliament moved to redraft the text and resubmit it for promulgation by the same President of the Republic. Socialist Party MP Isabel Moreira, a fervent advocate of legalising euthanasia, reacted by saying that it was only a "
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After being sent back to Parliament, the bill was re-worded and passed again. On 5 November 2021, the Portuguese Parliament passed the revised version of the bill which attempted to address constitutional concerns. The President vetoed the bill again after consulting with the Constitutional Court.
1426:
The Justice Committee's report, published in July 2021, found that the bill had serious technical issues, may have unintended policy consequences if it were enacted (particularly regarding the lack of sufficient safeguards to protect against undue pressure being put on vulnerable people), and that
528:
On 5 June 2014, Québec's provincial National Assembly unanimously adopts La Loi concernant les soins de fins de vie arguing healthcares are a provincial's competency and therefore challenging Ottawa's competency regarding criminal code. The Supreme Court ruling, in favor of Québec, created a legal
1842:
In Switzerland, deadly drugs may be prescribed to a Swiss person or to a foreigner, where the recipient takes an active role in the drug administration. More generally, article 115 of the Swiss penal code, which came into effect in 1942 (having been written in 1918), considers assisting suicide a
1666:
The Law n.º 22/2023, of 22 May, legalized physician-assisted death, which can be done by physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. Physician-assisted death can only be permitted to adults, by their own decision, who are experiencing suffering of great intensity and who have a permanent injury of
1349:
On 6 November 2015, the German Parliament passed a bill incriminating assisted suicide if it is done in a business-like manner. "Business-like" was meant by the legislator to include any recurrent assistance. Consequently, it typically included physicians. There did not need to be an intention to
1206:
A survey published in 2010 reported that people who died from euthanasia (compared with those who died from other causes) were more often younger, male, cancer patients and more often died in their homes. In almost all cases, unbearable physical suffering was reported. Euthanasia for non-terminal
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argues that the government's assisted dying law is unconstitutional, because it limits access to only those whose death is "reasonably foreseeable", rather than provide access to anybody suffering from a "grievous and irremediable" condition, the definition used by the Supreme Court of Canada in
1709:
Euthanasia is illegal in Serbia. As Article 117, "Compassionate Murder" recalls — "Whoever deprives an adult of his life out of compassion due to the difficult health condition in which that person finds himself, and at his serious and explicit request, will be punished by imprisonment from six
1169:
Patients who qualify for active or passive euthanasia in South Korea are reserved for the terminally ill with a nonexistent chance of recovery. Patients who have a beneficial reaction to any medications, or are not in a rapidly deteriorating state of health leading to imminent death may not be
595:
30 days to publish guidelines for the healthcare sector to use in order to guarantee terminated ill patients, with the wish to undergo euthanasia, their right to a dignified death. The Constitutional Court of Colombia extended in July 2021 the requirements to access and practice euthanasia to
965:
Penal Law forbids causing the death of another and specifically forbids shortening the life of another. Active euthanasia has been accepted in some cases under Israeli law. In 2005, proposals were put forward to allow passive euthanasia to be administered using a switch mechanism similar to
1496:
The country's parliament passed a bill legalizing euthanasia on 20 February 2008 in the first reading with 30 of 59 votes in favour. On 19 March 2009, the bill passed the second reading, making Luxembourg the third European Union country, after the Netherlands and Belgium, to decriminalise
716:
However, at the beginning of 2015, the case of the Chilean woman young Valentina Maureira, who suffered from cystic fibrosis, an incurable disease, and who asked that euthanasia be allowed in her country, attracted the interest of the press of Chile and also of foreign media.
1430:
A Joint Oireachtas Committee on Assisted Dying to examine the issues raised was established in February 2023, and produced two reports in March 2024: a majority report in favour of legalising both assisted suicide and euthanasia, and a minority report calling for improved
1092:
on November 7, 2021. Assisted suicide is illegal under Section 179 of the New Zealand Crimes Act 1961, which renders it a criminal offence to "aid and abet suicide", meaning the choice must solely be down to the individual on requirement that they have a terminal illness.
1541:(1) Failure to provide assistance, without good reason, to a sick person by a person who, by virtue of the law or special rules, was obliged to provide it is punishable by a fine of 550 to 850 conventional units or unpaid community service from 100 to 240 hours.
1442:
The Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 prohibits acts that are capable of and intended for "encouraging or assisting" the suicide or attempted suicide of another person. The Act also makes suicide pacts and arranging for suicidal actions unlawful.
970:. In 2006, the Steinberg Commission was set up to look into whether life and death issues could be rethought in the context of Jewish law, which suggested that hospitals could set up committees to determine whether patients would be given passive euthanasia.
1132:, which took place on 17 October 2020. The referendum passed with 65.1% of the vote, with the results officially declared on 7 November 2020. The End of Life Choice Act came into force on 7 November 2021, 12 months after the official results were declared.
525:, only people eligible to claim Canadian health insurance may use it. Legalization of the practice came in 2015/2016 as a result of a series of Supreme Court rulings striking down Canada's ban on medically assisted suicide. Below is a timeline of events:
43: Active voluntary euthanasia legal (Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, Spain, and the Australian states of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia)
1231:
A psychologist must also determine the patient's maturity to make the decision. The amended law emphasizes that the patient's request be voluntary. The first minor to be euthanized under these new regulations had their life ended in September 2016.
1040:
the patient must give express consent to stopping treatment, and this consent must be obtained and preserved prior to death. If the patient is not able to give clear consent, their consent may be determined from a pre-written document such as a
3487:
1573:
passed a law legalizing euthanasia, including physician-assisted suicide. This law codifies the twenty-year-old convention of not prosecuting doctors who have committed euthanasia in very specific cases, under very specific circumstances. The
721:
and psychological pains of the patient, as well the unnecessary expenses for the family members and the State". Angulo Álvarez also argued that his legislative project "would contribute to respect for individual freedom and human dignity".
520:
Voluntary active euthanasia, called "physician assisted dying", is legal in Canada for all people over the age of 18 who have a terminal illness that has progressed to the point where natural death is "reasonably foreseeable." To prevent
1674:, which would have been on 23 August 2023. However, the regulation was not approved by this date. On 24 November 2023, the Ministry of Health said the regulation of the law would be the responsibility of the new government following the
1104:
into the ballot box, the End of Life Choices Bill, which was taken over by MP Iain Lees-Galloway when she failed to get re-elected in the 2014 General Election. The bill was dropped in December 2014 at the request of Labour Party leader
682:, active euthanasia is illegal but since 7 January 2008 the law allows the terminally ill —or closest relatives, if unconscious— to refuse medication or further medical treatment to extend life (also known as passive euthanasia) in
1740:
In February 2020 the Spanish parliament voted to approve plans to legalise voluntary euthanasia. The bill went to committee and the Senate before a final vote in the lower house. The lower house approved the bill in December 2020.
1070:
based on the personal facts of the case. Though in its early stages and relying on "subsidies from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare" there are plans to create a nonprofit organization to "allow this effort to continue."
1144:
considered passing a bill legalizing passive euthanasia. The bill met strong opposition from the country's Catholic Church. Under current laws, doctors assisting a patient to die can be imprisoned and charged with malpractice.
586:
In a 6–3 decision, Colombia's Constitutional Court ruled in 1997 that "no person can be held criminally responsible for taking the life of a terminally ill patient who has given clear authorization to do so," according to
1718:
In Slovakia, euthanasia is prohibited, because according to criminal law it is a crime and at the same time according to Art. 15 par. 2 of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic "no one shall be deprived of his life."
6010:
1578:
claims that this practice "allows a person to end their life in dignity after having received every available type of palliative care." The United Nations has reviewed and commented on the Netherlands euthanasia law.
1697:
Euthanasia is illegal in Russia. As of November 2011 a Russian Federal Law No.323 bans euthanasia under provision of Article 45. There is no known law that punishes specifically illegal euthanasia practices though.
5152:
5123:
1292:
1357:
ruled that, in extreme circumstances, it was illegal that an agency denied access to life-ending substances. The relevant legal basis must be interpreted in accordance with the fundamental right to personal
1888:
ruled that causing death through the administration of lethal drugs to a patient, if the intention is solely to alleviate pain, is not considered murder even if death is a potential or even likely outcome.
2584:
1406:
poll in 2010 indicated that a small majority of adults (57%), at that time, believed that medically-assisted suicide should be legal for terminally ill patients who request it. A private member's bill by
3597:
3479:
1096:
Two decriminalisation attempts – the Death With Dignity Bill 1995 and the Death With Dignity Bill 2003 – failed, the latter by only a three-vote margin within the New Zealand Parliament. In May 2012,
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b) the death of the patient shall be punished by imprisonment for up to 5 years with deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or to exercise a certain activity for a term of up to 3 years.
5984:
2477:
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the right to assisted suicide. Van Den Bleeken had served decades in prison for a 1989 crime and no longer wished to live. Over a dozen other inmates filed similar petitions. In January 2015, the
3676:
1667:
extreme severity or a serious and incurable disease. Physician-assisted death can only occur by euthanasia when physician-assisted suicide is impossible due to the patient's physical incapacity.
713:
In October 2009, the Reviser Special Commission of the Penal Code of the Parliament expressed its support of a proposal that tried to amend article 112 of the Penal Code, but it did not succeed.
543:
legalize assisted dying under more restrictive conditions than recommended by the committee, allowing access to only those with terminal illnesses for whom death is "reasonably foreseeable". The
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problem" and that "most of the arguments of the president of the Republic have not been admitted", proceeding to note that "if it is a question of correcting a word, we will be there to do so".
1186:. In condition of active euthanasia, article 81 of the same law sets forth that any person who carries out this act will be judged and punished for life imprisonment just like a simple murder.
3026:
1291:
in France, which had been one of his presidential campaign promises ("introduction of the right to die with dignity"), despite objections from France's National Consultative Ethics Committee/
1258:
In Czechia, formerly known as the Czech Republic, euthanasia and assisted suicide are illegal and both are considered homicide and are prohibited by Articles 143 and 144 of the Criminal Code.
1512:(1) Intentional determination or facilitation of suicide, including by means of electronic communications networks, resulting in suicide shall be punished by imprisonment from 2 to 5 years.
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Silvoniemi, M.; Vasankari, T.; Vahlberg, T.; Clemens, KE; Salminen, E. (2010). "Physicians' attitudes towards euthanasia in Finland: would training in palliative care make a difference?".
2123:
1388:(Bunreacht na hÉireann) guarantees that the State shall by its laws "protect as best it may from unjust attack and, in the case of injustice done, vindicate the life of every citizen."
1369:, changing its previous judicature from 1984, confirmed that doctors have no obligation to stop the death of a person who, pursuant to a valid autonomous decision, attempts suicide.
4921:
1322:
In January 2016, both houses of France's parliament approved a measure that, while stopping short of euthanasia, would allow doctors to keep terminal patients sedated until death.
1896:
giving patients the right to refuse life saving treatment. Food and liquid can also be withdrawn from someone in a permanent vegetative state without the need for court approval.
6682:
7172:
4487:
1468:
Euthanasia is illegal in Italy. Article 579 of the Italian Criminal Code bans active euthanasia. Passive euthanasia was illegal under Article 580 of the Criminal Code until the
2494:
Scopetti, Matteo; Morena, Donato; Padovano, Martina; Manetti, Federico; Di Fazio, Nicola; Delogu, Giuseppe; Ferracuti, Stefano; Frati, Paola; Fineschi, Vittorio (18 May 2023).
2711:
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voted in favor of passive euthanasia and went into effect since February 2018, and has announced to issue a "Well-Dying" Bill. However, the topic and debate of euthanasia in
5285:
2278:
1376:
ruled the provision which penalized assisted suicide services unconstitutional and thus void. The provision violated the fundamental right to personal self-determination.
1182:. The aide who helped a person to suicide or other ways to kill oneself will be punished for assisting and encouraging suicide under the stipulation of article 84 of the
1170:
qualified. Patients must have a confirmation of a registered physician and a doctor to die under dignity, and comatose patients must have the approval of both guardians.
3220:
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1986:
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4105:
1973:
Other NGOs that advocate for and against various euthanasia-related policies are found throughout the world. Among proponents, perhaps the leading NGO is the UK's
1423:), in September 2020. The bill passed its second reading, by 81 votes to 71 votes, in October 2020 and was referred to the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Justice.
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1120:, which will legalise assisted suicide for a select group of people if successful, passed its third reading 69 votes in favor to 51 opposed. In return for the
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5101:
2785:
6849:
3870:
5324:
4317:
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Euthanasia in Romania is illegal. According to the Criminal Code, euthanasia in Romania is not allowed and is punishable by imprisonment from 1 to 5 years.
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van der Heide, Agnes; Deliens, Luc; Faisst, Karin; Nilstun, Tore; Norup, Michael; Paci, Eugenio; van der Wal, Gerrit; van der Maas, Paul J (17 June 2003).
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Incident' (보라매병원 사건). Another incident that sparked further debate was from the imprisonment of a father who unplugged a respirator for his braindead son.
2737:
2409:
6901:
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The law is not yet in force. It states in Article 31 that the government must approve the regulation of the law within 90 days of being published in the
592:
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5044:
3686:
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3192:
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1861:. Any person found to be assisting suicide is breaking the law and can be convicted of assisting suicide or attempting to do so. Between 2003 and 2006
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the patient may be passively euthanized by stopping medical treatment, chemotherapy, dialysis, artificial respiration, blood transfusion, IV drip, etc.
6245:
5966:
3138:
3034:
2162:
1295:, which alleged "abuses" in adjacent jurisdictions that have decriminalised and regulated either voluntary euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide (
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Asúa LJ de. Libertad de amar y derecho a morir: ensayos de un criminalista sobre eugenesia, eutanasia, endocrinología. Madrid: Historia Nueva; 1928.
2032:: Even though declared illegal, no punishment is specified by the law except of Felony Code which punishes ordinary murders and manslaughter crimes.
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Active voluntary euthanasia remains illegal, though a caregiver may receive a reduced punishment for taking the life of someone who consents to it.
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4165:
Smets T, Bilsen J, Cohen J, Rurup ML, Deliens L (February 2010). "Legal euthanasia in Belgium: characteristics of all reported euthanasia cases".
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the patient must be suffering from an incurable disease, and in the final stages of the disease from which he/she is unlikely to make a recovery;
4532:
3896:
2656:
7303:
6967:
6954:
6930:
4849:
1480:
Euthanasia is not legal in Latvia. However a doctor may refuse further treatment of a patient if they believe it is the best course of action.
1243:
acknowledged that Van Den Bleeken's doctors recommended against this decision and that alternative psychological care would be sought for him.
5700:
4743:
4273:
6220:
4797:
3423:
2496:"Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in Mental Disorders: Ethical Positions in the Debate between Proportionality, Dignity, and the Right to Die"
2423:
2300:
1505:
All forms of euthanasia are banned in Moldova. They are prohibited by Articles 150 and 162 of the Criminal Code. According to their opinion:
2068:
604:
On February 5, 2024, the Constitutional Court of Ecuador ruled that active euthanasia is legal. The Court decided that Article 144 of COIP (
7651:
6269:
5860:
3524:
2101:
1533:(4) If the actions provided for in paragraphs (1) – (3) have resulted in a suicide attempt, the minimum sentence shall be reduced to half.
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euthanasia. Terminally ill patients will have the option of euthanasia after receiving the approval of two doctors and a panel of experts.
1158:
849:
544:
1865:
made four attempts to introduce bills that would have legalised voluntary euthanasia – all were rejected by the UK Parliament. Currently,
1207:
patients was rare. There have been about 1,400 cases a year since the law was introduced, and a record 1,807 cases were recorded in 2013.
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in May 2022. Before the introduction of such laws, charges had on rare occasions been laid for aiding and abetting the suicide of others.
815:
6756:
5181:
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1953:
There are a number of historical studies about the thorough euthanasia-related policies of professional associations. In their analysis,
3056:
2833:
1214:
voted in favour of extending the euthanasia law to terminally ill children. Conditions imposed on children seeking euthanasia are that:
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1427:
the drafting of several sections contained serious flaws that could potentially render them vulnerable to challenge before the courts.
3265:
5722:
3444:
2131:
5595:
3780:
1811:
On 18 March 2021, Spain's parliament voted in favour of the final reading of the bill, thus making it law. It was sanctioned by the
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Santos R. Da euthanásia nos incuráveis dolorosos. These de doutoramento. Salvador (Bahia): Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia; 1928.
1948:
1521:
b) on a person who is materially or otherwise dependent on the perpetrator, shall be punished by imprisonment from 5 to 9 years.
7688:
7001:
6537:
1354:
1125:
1106:
412:
7385:
5948:
4721:
7714:
7397:
6665:
6472:
5259:
4573:
3284:
2995:
909:
736:
6089:"Федеральный закон РФ от 21.11.2011 № 323-ФЗ Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации (ред. от 02.07.2021)"
3356:
2334:
986:
has never ruled on the matter. Rather, to date, Japan's euthanasia policy has been decided by two local court cases, one in
7037:
6979:
6091:[Federal law of November 21, 2011 № 323-FL "About basics of protection of citizens health in Russian Federation"].
6065:[Federal law of November 21, 2011 № 323-FL "About basics of protection of citizens health in Russian Federation"].
3108:
1675:
1623:
7614:
7334:
7013:
6395:"Suicide: Policy for Prosecutors in Respect of Cases of Encouraging or Assisting Suicide - The Crown Prosecution Service"
4967:
3405:
2911:
2449:
1631:
1627:
1408:
438:
6088:
2956:
2094:"Bill C-14. An Act to amend the Criminal Code and to make related amendments to other Acts (medical assistance in dying"
856:
passing a similar law in December 2019. The final state in Australia to pass laws allowing voluntary assisted dying was
6488:
6199:
6062:
4027:
2209:
Janssen, André (2002). "The New Regulation of Voluntary Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide in the Netherlands".
4460:
2885:
558:
On 17 June 2016, a bill to legally allow assisted suicide within Canada became law after it passed both houses of the
7432:
7246:
6825:
5885:
5621:
4246:
2942:
2760:
2392:
1757:
1488:
Euthanasia is not legal in Lithuania. However, as of 2016 a draft of a law about the right to die has been produced.
1129:
252:
1748:
passed a bill to regulate the right to euthanasia. The final draft, whose intellectual authorship was attributed to
1315:
and other major religious groups in France had announced that after expressing an opposition to the introduction of
186:
7739:
7698:
7049:
5303:
3465:
2789:
1852:
330:
304:
182:
7457:
7597:
6947:
6749:
5833:
2587:[Euthanasia is not moving forward for now. Ministry of Health leaves regulation to the next government].
2154:
1781:
1651:
1154:
730:
472:
170:
162:
6923:
6114:
Lichterman, Boleslav L. (September 2005). "Basic problems of medical ethics in Russia in a historical context".
3922:
7760:
7734:
7724:
7114:
7096:
6996:
6800:
6776:
1240:
698:
and an initiative decriminalizing active euthanasia has entered the same legislative chamber on 13 April 2007.
114:, most advocacy organisations although medical associations express a range of perspectives, and supporters of
6394:
5774:
5674:
5058:
3845:
1250:
In January 2020, the assizes court in Ghent acquitted three doctors of murder charges for euthanasia in 2010.
1012:(i.e., allowing a patient to die by turning off life support) and the latter case involved "active euthanasia"
7207:
7135:
6063:"Федеральный закон от 21 ноября 2011 г. № 323-ФЗ "Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации""
4670:
4079:
1920:
1769:
1560:
1469:
1062:
the patient must give consent. (Unlike passive euthanasia, living wills and family consent will not suffice.)
246:
198:
142:
111:
5416:"Two Decades of Research on Euthanasia from the Netherlands. What Have We Learnt and What Questions Remain?"
1816:
1454:, stated its opposition to any attempt to legalise assisted suicide in a resolution passed in October 2009.
166:
7607:
7497:
6810:
1893:
1881:
1761:
1373:
1335:
6734:
5286:"Suicidio assistito, la svolta della Consulta: è lecito l'aiuto in casi come quello di dj Fabo – Politica"
3480:"'We're on the right side of history': Victoria's assisted dying laws come into effect for terminally ill"
2378:
178:
174:
7217:
6419:
1678:. According to Article 34, the law will only enter into force 30 days after the regulation is published.
1316:
1117:
1097:
1089:
197:. Eligibility for euthanasia varies across jurisdictions where it is legal, with some countries allowing
7224:
5357:
1801:
7602:
7202:
6742:
5414:
Rietjens JA, van der Maas PJ, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, van Delden JJ, van der Heide A (September 2009).
4589:
1877:
1789:
1200:
946:
278:
4776:
7370:
7308:
5382:
5233:
4540:
2635:
1837:
1793:
1566:
will. This set of criteria was formalized in the course of a number of court cases during the 1980s.
1447:
1079:
934:
819:
408:
402:
146:
25:
This article is about the legality of euthanasia of humans. For euthanasia performed on animals, see
6657:
6315:
4219:
1626:, a bill decriminalising euthanasia was passed by centre-left, left-wing and liberal parties in the
7552:
7420:
7392:
5018:
2677:
1869:
is the only British doctor to have been convicted of attempted euthanasia. He was given a 12-month
1773:
1671:
1366:
742:
446:
298:
138:
6178:
2427:
2061:
7678:
7341:
6935:
2185:"Legislation reglementant les soins palliatifs ainsi que l'euthanasie et l'assistance au suicide"
1862:
1639:
1385:
836:
158:
6621:"Euthanasia suicide mercy-killing right-to-die physician assisted suicide living wills research"
5508:"HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE CONCLUDES SEVENTY-SECOND SESSION | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases"
4394:
3734:
2558:
2093:
7291:
7231:
3735:"Euthanasia: The Approach of the Courts in Israel and the Application of Jewish Law Principles"
2974:
2614:
2585:"Eutanásia não avança para já. Ministério da Saúde deixa regulamentação para o próximo governo"
2041:
For professional policies in the English-speaking world, see this selection by an advocacy NGO.
983:
938:
6462:
3461:
3406:"Euthanasia: Victoria becomes the first Australian state to legalise voluntary assisted dying"
3197:
3143:
1749:
7746:
7527:
7427:
7380:
7324:
6439:
6290:"BOE.es - BOE-A-2021-4628 Ley Orgánica 3/2021, de 24 de marzo, de regulación de la eutanasia"
6157:
4488:"Eutanazie v Česku? 'Pokud je dobrá hospicová péče, nejsou žádosti o sebevraždu,' říká Vácha"
3340:
1797:
1635:
1436:
1236:
1227:
the patient's must be in great pain, with no available treatment to alleviate their distress.
809:
694:. A similar law extending the same provisions at the national level has been approved by the
442:
6650:
4563:
3956:
3525:"Tasmania's voluntary assisted dying laws come into effect today. Here's how they will work"
2062:"28 MEI 2002. — Wet betreffende de euthanasie / 28 MAI 2002. — Loi relative a' l'euthanasie"
209:
7797:
7661:
7415:
7375:
7351:
6991:
6837:
6289:
3650:
3623:
3562:"Voluntary assisted dying scheme becomes available to eligible patients in South Australia"
3335:
2559:"Law n.º 22/2023, of 22 May, published in the Diário da República, n.º 101, of 25 May 2023"
2356:
1819:
the next day. The law came into force on 25 June 2021, three months after its publication.
1804:) and 2 abstentions. Given widespread parliamentary support and the incorporation of minor
1745:
1607:
1288:
867:
845:
789:
617:
559:
534:
515:
356:
350:
126:
1284:
8:
7792:
7787:
7592:
7569:
7462:
7449:
7358:
7298:
7279:
7251:
7079:
7032:
4130:
Adams, M.; Nys, H. (2003). "Comparative reflections on the Belgian Euthanasia Act 2002".
3579:
2640:
1991:
1728:
1463:
1392:
1218:
the patient must be conscious of their decision and understand the meaning of euthanasia;
929:
376:
154:
5481:
4274:"Belgian serial rapist and murderer Frank Van Den Bleeken 'to be euthanised' in January"
2530:
2495:
1235:
In September 2014, the Federal Euthanasia Commission gave convicted rapist and murderer
641:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
7195:
6844:
6805:
6718:
6693:
5440:
5415:
4695:
4643:
4200:
4004:
3979:
3681:
2067:(in Dutch and French). Belgisch Staatsblad / Moniteur Belge. 22 June 2002. p. 16.
1870:
1866:
1583:
1359:
1109:
as the issue was deemed to be distracting from bigger issues that concerned the party.
905:
769:
6962:
6598:
5463:
5207:
4631:
4247:"Belgian convicted killer with 'incurable' psychiatric condition granted right to die"
3509:
3247:
3167:"Roberto Ángulo presenta proyecto de ley que permita eutanasia a pacientes terminales"
3116:
2463:
7693:
7624:
7484:
7479:
7437:
7145:
6908:
6873:
6723:
6661:
6468:
6139:
6131:
5985:"President of the Republic promulgates Parliament Decree on physician-assisted death"
5808:
5555:
5445:
4751:
4687:
4635:
4612:
4569:
4192:
4147:
4009:
3139:"Michelle Bachelet visita en el hospital a Valentina, la niña que le pidió eutanasia"
2535:
2517:
2226:
1885:
1812:
1416:
1141:
1121:
873:
853:
26:
6913:
6534:
5182:"Joint Committee on Assisted Dying: Minority Recommendations and Explanatory Report"
4699:
4647:
4204:
2244:
1619:
A 2020 poll showed almost 50.5 percent of the Portuguese support decriminalisation.
1435:
and opposing the legalisation of either practice. Both reports were referred to the
1065:
the physician must have (ineffectively) exhausted all other measures of pain relief.
7765:
7619:
7084:
7044:
6820:
6790:
6713:
6705:
6522:
Medical Ethics: Analysis of the Issues Raised by the Codes, Opinions and Statements
6362:
6123:
6038:"Locurile din lume în care sinuciderea este permisă/Ce costuri presupune eutanasia"
5545:
5507:
5435:
5427:
5080:
4992:
4946:
4679:
4627:
4335:
4298:
4182:
4174:
4139:
3999:
3991:
3543:"Voluntary assisted dying is now legal in Queensland. Here's what you need to know"
2525:
2507:
2274:
2218:
1974:
1587:
1319:, their next target may be the possible decriminalisation of voluntary euthanasia.
1211:
1101:
991:
917:
904:
The situation in the territories is different. Euthanasia was briefly legal in the
749:
552:
499:
382:
205:
102:
varies between countries and territories. Efforts to change government policies on
19:
6918:
6694:"Pereira's attack on legalizing euthanasia or assisted suicide: Smoke and mirrors"
3598:"Inquiry into the Rights of the Terminally Ill (Euthanasia Laws Repeal) Bill 2008"
3003:
2811:
1275:
Active euthanasia is not legal in Finland. Passive euthanasia, however, is legal.
49: Passive euthanasia legal (refusal of treatment / withdrawal of life support)
7719:
7547:
7346:
7329:
7236:
6986:
6942:
6896:
6815:
6773:
6541:
6424:
5413:
5053:
4372:
4178:
4080:"Korea to Temporarily Allow Terminally Ill Patients to Choose Death with Dignity"
2326:
1432:
1312:
1113:
913:
897:
891:
857:
522:
115:
6564:
5648:"Eutanásia. A decisão mais importante da nossa vida (por Alexandre Quintanilha)"
2738:"Children of assisted-death advocate Kay Carter urge amendments to Liberal bill"
1415:
to allow for assisted suicide – the Dying with Dignity Bill – was introduced in
658:
548:
their court ruling that the BCCLA argues would include non-terminal conditions.
7539:
7507:
7469:
7241:
7165:
6866:
6832:
6795:
5325:"Assisted suicide, euthanasia and the European Association for Palliative Care"
4824:"Licence for acquiring a lethal dose of sodium pentobarbital to commit suicide"
4798:"Assisted Suicide Law In Germany Passes Despite Concerns Over Nazi Association"
4224:
3995:
2690:"Supreme court gives Parliament 4-month extension on doctor-assisted dying law"
2512:
1858:
1451:
1124:
party's support of the bill through its third reading, the bill was subject to
710:
under the laws of Peru, although there have been some attempts to reform them.
695:
687:
87: Active euthanasia illegal, passive euthanasia not legislated or regulated
55: Active euthanasia illegal, passive euthanasia not legislated or regulated
5431:
4143:
2919:
2222:
7781:
7729:
7666:
7564:
6135:
5812:
5401:
4850:"German Federal Court rules patients should have access to life-ending drugs"
4755:
4683:
3677:"Aruna Shanbaug case: SC allows passive euthanasia in path-breaking judgment"
3651:"Supreme Court disallows friend's plea for mercy killing of vegetative Aruna"
3193:"Conozca más sobre el proyecto de ley para legalizar la eutanasia en el Perú"
2761:"'Rushed' assisted-dying legislation to face strong opposition in the Senate"
2521:
2487:
2359:(in Spanish). Boletín Oficial del Estado. 25 March 2021. pp. 34037–34049
1785:
1530:
b) two or more persons, shall be punished by imprisonment from 9 to 12 years.
967:
107:
4823:
4509:
4361:"Brussels: Murderer may kill himself". The Week (page 6). 26 September 2014.
1221:
the request must have been approved by the child's parents and medical team;
7517:
7286:
7274:
6764:
6727:
6520:
Brody, B. A.; Rothstein, M. A.; McCullough, L. B.; Bobinski, M. A. (2001).
6143:
5573:
5559:
5449:
4874:
4691:
4639:
4196:
4187:
4151:
3561:
2539:
2230:
1339:
942:
563:
4613:"End-of-life decision-making in six European countries: descriptive study"
4013:
3871:"Euthanasia bill passes 69-51, sending the final decision to a referendum"
3424:"Voluntary euthanasia becomes law in WA in emotional scenes at Parliament"
691:
690:(since 6 April 2009) and, since 1 September 2009, in the Western state of
106:
of humans in the 20th and 21st centuries have met with limited success in
7629:
7522:
6502:
6329:"Sweden allows passive euthanasia". The Swedish Wire. AFP. 26 April 2010.
6274:
6246:"El Congreso aprueba la primera ley de eutanasia con una holgada mayoría"
6127:
5967:"Portugal's Constitutional Court rejects decriminalisation of euthanasia"
5102:"Government proposal to block assisted dying Bill voted down in the Dáil"
4592:. Australian Broadcasting Commission. Agençe France-Presse. 4 August 2003
3027:"Sólo falta reglamentar la voluntad anticipada para aplicarla: Ruvalcaba"
2190:(in French). Journal Officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. 16 March 2009
1570:
1304:
1300:
1162:
1085:
1042:
863:
Voluntary assisted dying schemes have come into in the following states:
683:
397:
241:
194:
34:
6620:
6553:
5550:
5533:
1908:
1267:
suffering before death (about 1% of which were via prescription drugs).
7512:
7492:
7258:
6856:
6709:
4897:"German court clears two doctors present as patients committed suicide"
2424:"End Of Life Choices (Voluntary Assisted Dying) Bill 2020 (30 of 2020)"
1765:
1420:
1412:
1343:
1308:
950:
885:
785:
781:
765:
293:
103:
66:
7025:
6250:
4417:"Vrijspraak voor drie artsen: doek valt over euthanasieproces in Gent"
4318:"Belgian Senate Votes to Allow Euthanasia for Terminally Ill Children"
2860:"Comisión de Salud aprueba suicidio asistido en proyecto de eutanasia"
2814:(in Spanish). Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. 24 April 2012
2657:"Canadians have right to doctor-assisted suicide, Supreme Court rules"
7182:
6974:
4416:
1805:
532:
On 6 February 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada unanimously ruled in
110:. Human euthanasia policies have also been developed by a variety of
2357:"Ley Orgánica 3/2021, de 24 de marzo, de regulación de la eutanasia"
1949:
Assisted suicide § Organizations in support of assisted suicide
1634:
approved the final version of the law with 136 votes in favour. The
982:
government has no official laws on the status of euthanasia and the
551:
The bill received considerable multi-partisan opposition within the
7557:
7502:
7155:
7008:
6861:
6582:
6341:
4565:
The Good Euthanasia Guide: Where, What, and Who in Choices in Dying
4465:
3897:"Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern changes election date to 17 October"
2330:
1808:, the law returned to the Congress of Deputies for final approval.
1701:
Active euthanasia was briefly made legal in Soviet Russia in 1922.
1656:
879:
753:
427:
319:
6011:"Out of vetoes, Portugal president enacts law allowing euthanasia"
5596:"Inquérito: portugueses são favoráveis à eutanásia e ao referendo"
4667:
3083:"Senado México aprueba a enfermos terminales rehusar tratamientos"
3002:(in Spanish). Mexico City. Notimex. 7 January 2008. Archived from
2245:"Wet toetsing levensbeëindiging op verzoek en hulp bij zelfdoding"
1586:
was developed, which sets out criteria to be met for carrying out
7641:
5400:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4610:
1960:
On euthanasia (narrowly defined here as directly causing death),
1331:
1296:
1033:
In the case of passive euthanasia, three conditions must be met:
953:, including the administration of lethal compounds, are illegal.
797:
773:
466:
461:
267:
189:
in 1996 and 1997 but was overturned by a federal law. In 2021, a
6570:
6519:
2812:"Ley. Nº 20.584. Regula los derechos y deberes de los pacientes"
1961:
1954:
1399:
their sleep; this only occurs in certain limited circumstances.
7636:
7190:
4922:"Criminalisation of assisted suicide services unconstitutional"
4568:. Junction City, Oregon, U.S.A.: Norris Lane Press. p. 4.
3624:"India joins select nations in legalising "passive euthanasia""
3377:. 4th ed. Montevideo: Fundación de Cultura Universitaria; 1996.
2834:"Mayoría de Comisión de Salud se inclina por aprobar eutanasia"
2678:
http://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/14637/index.do
1179:
987:
962:
842:
next six months, or 12 months for neurodegenerative disorders.
761:
757:
707:
679:
345:
5949:"Democracies under pressure; need to be cared for – president"
5801:"Top Portugal court nixes euthanasia law, says it's imprecise"
2301:"Portuguese parliament legalises euthanasia after long battle"
6200:"Spanish Government Passes 1st Hurdle to Legalize Euthanasia"
4744:"France adopts sedated dying law as compromise on euthanasia"
3825:
3813:
3221:"New Mexico latest state to adopt medically assisted suicide"
2786:"Canada legalises euthanasia for the terminally ill - Her.ie"
2493:
1777:
1734:
1537:
Article 162. Failure to provide assistance to a sick person:
1346:, including the lethal compound administration, are illegal.
979:
777:
575:
371:
6270:"El Congreso aprueba por amplia mayoría la ley de eutanasia"
5534:"The Groningen protocol—euthanasia in severely ill newborns"
4395:"'What could help me to die?' Doctors clash over euthanasia"
2912:"Colombia Debates Court Ruling That Legalizes Mercy Killing"
1524:(3) The actions provided for in paragraph (1), committed on:
1056:
the patient must be suffering from unbearable physical pain;
5912:"Portugal's lawmakers make 3rd attempt to allow euthanasia"
5861:"Portugal's parliament votes to legalize euthanasia, again"
5723:"Eutanásia aprovada no Parlamento com 136 votos favoráveis"
1753:
1338:
legalized passive euthanasia by means of the withdrawal of
941:
legalised passive euthanasia by means of the withdrawal of
5775:"Portugal's top court rejects bill to legalise euthanasia"
5749:"Portugal's euthanasia law goes for constitutional review"
4947:"Germany overturns ban on professionally assisted suicide"
3336:"Physician-assisted suicide legal in Montana, court rules"
7020:
6769:
5260:"Is Italy set for a referendum on legalising euthanasia?"
4054:"Euthanasia Legal for the Terminally Ill In S. Korea Now"
2886:"Diputados aprueban legislar sobre la eutanasia en Chile"
1987:
List of deaths from legal euthanasia and assisted suicide
1515:(2) The actions provided for in paragraph (1), committed:
5124:"Report on Scrutiny of the Dying with Dignity Bill 2020"
4968:"Germany's top court paves the way for assisted suicide"
3063:(in Spanish). Morelia, Mexico. Notimex. 1 September 2009
3024:
2271:"New Zealand Voluntary Euthanasia Law Comes into Effect"
748:
While active euthanasia is illegal throughout the U.S.,
6691:
6179:"460/1992 Zb. - Ústava Slovenskej republiky - SLOV-LEX"
5930:"Portugal: Euthanasia Law Sent to Constitutional Court"
5153:"Final Report of the Joint Committee on Assisted Dying"
4714:"France aims to allow euthanasia despite ethics doubts"
4373:"Belgian rapist Van Den Bleeken refused 'right to die'"
4299:"Belgian Senate votes to extend euthanasia to children"
1508:
Article 150. Determination or facilitation of suicide:
1140:
Euthanasia is illegal in the Philippines. In 1997, the
574:
Active euthanasia or assisted suicide are not legal in
5121:
4461:"Euthanasia in Europe: Where is assisted dying legal?"
3710:"India's Supreme Court lays out euthanasia guidelines"
3600:. Law Council of Australia. April 2008. Archived from
3310:"D.C. physician-assisted suicide law goes into effect"
3248:"Maine becomes 8th state to legalize assisted suicide"
2957:"Corte de Colombia extiende el derecho a la eutanasia"
1472:
ruled such limitation to be unconstitutional in 2019.
4164:
1287:
stated his personal support for decriminalisation of
994:
in 1995. The first case involved "passive euthanasia"
2712:"Canada's new doctor-assisted dying law takes shape"
2553:
2551:
2549:
1733:
Active euthanasia and assisted suicide are legal in
1334:
if the patient has requested it. On 17 May 2014 the
1052:
For active euthanasia, four conditions must be met:
6687:
Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law
3357:"'Aid in Dying' Movement Takes Hold in Some States"
3025:Rodríguez, Susana; Salazar, Aníbal (8 April 2009).
6649:
6648:McDougall, Jennifer Fecio; Gorman, Martha (2008).
6503:"Supreme Court backs agreed end-of-life decisions"
5886:"Portugal's president vetoes euthanasia law again"
5701:"Politicians in Portugal vote to allow euthanasia"
5482:"Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport"
4604:
1547:a) a serious injury to bodily integrity or health;
6375:Smartt, Ursula (2009). "Euthanasia and the Law".
5162:. Dublin: Houses of the Oireachtas. 20 March 2024
5047:Majority believe assisted suicide should be legal
3375:Código penal de la República Oriental del Uruguay
3101:
3049:
2546:
1942:
7779:
6316:"Spanish MPs approve bill legalising euthanasia"
5834:"Portugal's parliament approves euthanasia bill"
5673:Faria, Natália; Alves, José (11 February 2020).
5622:"Eutanásia. Despenalização passa, referendo não"
6892:Drug and precursor laws by country or territory
6647:
4459:Hurst, Luke; Bello, Camille (12 October 2022).
3949:"Referendum on the End of Life Choice Act 2019"
3941:
3831:
3819:
3266:"'Aid-in-Dying' Bill Becomes Law in New Jersey"
3089:(in Spanish). Mexico. Reuters. 26 November 2008
2940:
1576:Ministry of Public Health, Wellbeing and Sports
1021:
1003:
185:). Euthanasia was briefly legal in Australia's
38:Current status of euthanasia around the world:
6221:"Spain's lower house approves euthanasia bill"
6035:
5208:"Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966"
4336:"Belgium minor first to be granted euthanasia"
3754:"Israelis to be allowed euthanasia by machine"
3057:"Michoacán aprueba Ley de Voluntad Anticipada"
2988:
2152:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1752:, commanded the support from 192 legislators (
1015:
997:
193:court allowed euthanasia for a single person,
6750:
5566:
5531:
5234:"Private Members' Business: Assisted Suicide"
5188:. Dublin: Senator Rónán Mullen. 20 March 2024
4590:"Doctor-assisted euthanasia common in Europe"
4028:"New law enables South Koreans to 'die well'"
3559:
3285:"How California's aid-in-dying law will work"
2578:
2576:
2155:"Luxembourg parliament adopts euthanasia law"
1342:to patients who request euthanasia. Forms of
1311:). More socially conservative members of the
153:(law not yet in force, awaiting regulation),
6036:Ionescu-Heroiu, Raluca (29 September 2019).
5240:. Northern Ireland Assembly. 12 October 2009
4454:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4446:
3516:
3333:
3115:. Mexico City. 13 April 2007. Archived from
2124:"Euthanasia regularly practiced in Colombia"
916:helped three people end their lives through
741:Active euthanasia is illegal throughout the
545:British Columbia Civil Liberties Association
483:
6692:Downie J, Chambaere K, Bernheim JL (2012).
6239:
6237:
5675:"Eutanásia: tudo o que os partidos propõem"
4444:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4426:
3977:
3553:
3522:
3445:"Voluntary assisted dying legalised in NSW"
3282:
3018:
2004:
1544:(2) The same act which provoked recklessly:
1419:, the lower house of the Irish Parliament (
1224:the patient's illness must be terminal; and
6757:
6743:
6113:
5672:
5654:(in European Portuguese). 12 February 2020
5602:(in European Portuguese). 18 February 2020
4458:
3648:
3477:
3245:
2943:"Los principios para regular la eutanasia"
2573:
1059:death must be inevitable and drawing near;
990:in 1962, and another after an incident at
6717:
6489:"Advance decision (living will) - NHS.UK"
5720:
5549:
5439:
4186:
4003:
2529:
2511:
7684:World Intellectual Property Organization
6460:
6234:
4423:
4129:
3955:. New Zealand Government. Archived from
3701:
2996:"Publica GDF Ley de Voluntad Anticipada"
1590:without the physician being prosecuted.
662:Current status of euthanasia in Mexico:
657:
593:Ministry of Health and Social Protection
70:Current status of euthanasia in Europe:
65:
33:
6464:Voluntary Euthanasia and the Common Law
6440:"Case Histories: end of life decisions"
6267:
6263:
6261:
6243:
5045:"The Irish Times (17 September 2010) –
4993:"Article 40.3, Constitution of Ireland"
4561:
4315:
3980:"Philippines considers euthanasia bill"
3843:
3751:
3707:
3354:
2975:"Corte Constitucional del Ecuador on X"
2615:"Corte Constitucional del Ecuador on X"
2208:
1892:Passive euthanasia is legal, by way of
1450:, as a devolved legislature within the
937:is legal in India. On 7 March 2018 the
75: Active voluntary euthanasia legal
7780:
7689:World Intellectual Property Indicators
7213:Fictional pornography depicting minors
6554:"Statements by the medical profession"
6374:
6339:
5133:. Houses of the Oireachtas. p. 36
4271:
4106:"Moniteur Belge - Belgisch Staatsblad"
3923:"Official Count - Referendums Results"
3642:
3334:O'Reilly, Kevin B. (18 January 2010).
2758:
2582:
2327:"Spain passes law allowing euthanasia"
1815:on 24 March 2021 and published in the
1100:MP Maryan Street introduced a private
852:, came into effect in June 2019, with
6738:
6467:. Clarendon Press. pp. 175–177.
5991:(in European Portuguese). 16 May 2023
5989:Presidency of the Portuguese Republic
5721:Francisco, Susete (29 January 2021).
4750:. Associated Press. 27 January 2016.
4253:. Associated Press. 16 September 2014
3781:"Ask the Rabbi: 'Passive euthanasia'"
3778:
3398:
3258:
3109:"Mexico moves to legalise euthanasia"
2337:from the original on 25 December 2021
1939:Euthanasia is prohibited in Ukraine.
1843:crime only if the motive is selfish.
1293:Comité national consultatif d'éthique
910:Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995
848:was the first to do so; its law, the
737:Assisted suicide in the United States
93: All forms of euthanasia illegal
61: All forms of euthanasia illegal
6333:
6258:
5946:
5858:
5383:"CODUL PENAL AL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA*"
4533:"Denmark quietly debates euthanasia"
4316:Higgins, Andrew (12 December 2013).
4217:
3478:Cunningham, Melissa (19 June 2019).
3302:
2941:Redacción Salud (19 February 2015).
2840:(in European Spanish). 20 April 2018
2654:
2410:"Voluntary Assisted Dying Bill 2020"
2393:"Voluntary Assisted Dying Bill 2021"
2379:"Voluntary Assisted Dying Bill 2021"
2281:from the original on 8 November 2021
2074:from the original on 19 January 2022
1964:sums up the U.S. medical NGO arena:
1903:
1857:Active euthanasia is illegal in the
1178:Euthanasia is strictly forbidden in
621:
529:precedent for euthanasia in Canada.
210:legal in certain other jurisdictions
7672:UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
6656:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p.
6268:Daniele, Laura (17 December 2020).
6116:Journal International de Bioéthique
5852:
5807:. Associated Press. 15 March 2021.
5532:Verhagen E, Sauer PJ (March 2005).
4777:"The state of euthanasia in Europe"
3844:Davison, Isaac (14 December 2014).
3283:Karlamangla, Soumya (12 May 2016).
3246:Villeneuve, Marina (13 June 2019).
2674:Carter v. Canada (Attorney General)
2450:"Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017"
2153:Julien Ponthus (20 February 2008).
1088:, following the enforcement of the
825:
121:As of 2024, euthanasia is legal in
13:
6244:Hermida, Xosé (17 December 2020).
5464:"Dutch 'mercy killing law' passed"
5019:"Criminal Law (Suicide) Act, 1993"
3929:. Electoral Commission New Zealand
3779:Brody, Shlomo (19 November 2009).
2583:Caeiro, Tiago (24 November 2023).
2165:from the original on 25 April 2017
1159:The Ministry of Health and Welfare
14:
7809:
6675:
6377:Criminal Law & Justice Weekly
6158:"Krivični zakonik - Paragraf Lex"
5628:(in Portuguese). 12 February 2020
3846:"Labour MP drops euthanasia bill"
3809:. 自由国民社. 2007. pp. 951, 953.
3560:Isabel Dayman (31 January 2023).
3490:from the original on 26 June 2019
3355:Eckholm, Erik (7 February 2014).
2759:Tasker, John Paul (28 May 2016).
2636:"Qué dice la ley de Muerte Digna"
1846:
1527:a) a minor up to 14 years of age;
1084:Voluntary euthanasia is legal in
850:Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017
667: Passive euthanasia is legal
7699:International copyright treaties
6652:Euthanasia: A Reference Handbook
6613:
6587:
6576:
6546:
6528:
6513:
6495:
6481:
6454:
6432:
6412:
6387:
6368:
6356:
6322:
6308:
6282:
6213:
6192:
6171:
6150:
6107:
6081:
6055:
6029:
6003:
5977:
5959:
5947:Donn, Natasha (5 January 2023).
5940:
5922:
5904:
5878:
5826:
5793:
5767:
5741:
5714:
5693:
5666:
5640:
5614:
5588:
5576:. Criminal Law 2005. 20 May 2005
5525:
5500:
5474:
5456:
5407:
5395:
5375:
5339:
5317:
5296:
5292:(in Italian). 25 September 2019.
5278:
5252:
5226:
5200:
5174:
5145:
5115:
5094:
5073:
5037:
5011:
4985:
4960:
4939:
4914:
4889:
4867:
4842:
4816:
4790:
4769:
4736:
4706:
4661:
4582:
4555:
4530:
4524:
4502:
4480:
4409:
4387:
3752:Butcher, Tim (8 December 2005).
2918:. 18 August 1997. Archived from
2104:from the original on 23 May 2021
2035:
1907:
1853:Euthanasia in the United Kingdom
1622:In February 2020, following the
724:
626:
460:
426:
396:
370:
344:
331:Constitutional Court of Colombia
318:
292:
266:
240:
6340:Lundin, Leigh (2 August 2009).
4365:
4354:
4328:
4309:
4291:
4265:
4239:
4211:
4158:
4123:
4098:
4072:
4046:
4020:
3971:
3915:
3889:
3863:
3859:– via www.nzherald.co.nz.
3837:
3798:
3772:
3745:
3727:
3669:
3649:Venkatesan, J. (7 March 2011).
3616:
3590:
3572:
3535:
3523:Will Murray (23 October 2022).
3502:
3471:
3451:
3437:
3416:
3389:
3380:
3367:
3348:
3327:
3276:
3239:
3213:
3185:
3159:
3131:
3075:
2967:
2949:
2945:(in Spanish). ElEspectador.com.
2934:
2904:
2878:
2852:
2826:
2804:
2778:
2752:
2730:
2704:
2682:
2667:
2648:
2628:
2607:
2591:(in Portuguese). Archived from
2470:
2456:
2442:
2416:
2402:
2385:
2371:
2349:
2319:
2293:
2263:
1652:Portuguese Constitutional Court
1409:People Before Profit–Solidarity
1330:Passive euthanasia is legal in
1283:In July 2013, French President
1203:legalised euthanasia in 2009 .
1045:or the testimony of the family;
731:Euthanasia in the United States
473:Constitutional Court of Ecuador
7761:List of international rankings
7735:Separation of church and state
6791:Candidacy for political office
6641:
6420:"Assisted Dying Bill – latest"
5859:Ames, Paul (5 November 2021).
5304:"Euthanasia debated in Latvia"
5081:"Dying with Dignity Bill 2020"
4510:"Trestní zákoník – 40/2009 Sb"
4272:Porter, Tim (3 January 2015).
3708:Magnier, Mark (8 March 2011).
3685:. 7 March 2011. Archived from
3630:. Chennai, India. 7 March 2011
2892:(in Spanish). 17 December 2020
2655:Fine, Sean (6 February 2015).
2237:
2202:
2177:
2146:
2130:. 31 July 2005. Archived from
2116:
2086:
2054:
2023:
1943:Non-governmental organizations
1831:
1554:
1148:
1135:
1073:
606:Código Orgánico Integral Penal
81: Passive euthanasia legal
1:
4720:. 2 July 2013. Archived from
4632:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14019-6
4218:Aviv, Rachel (22 June 2015).
2048:
1561:Euthanasia in the Netherlands
1518:a) knowingly against a minor;
1491:
1464:Assisted suicide § Italy
432:
324:
199:euthanasia for mental illness
150:
130:
7085:Legality of assisted suicide
5122:Joint Committee on Justice.
4828:Federal Administrative Court
4802:International Business Times
4419:(in Dutch). 31 January 2020.
4397:. STAT News. 26 October 2017
4278:International Business Times
4179:10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181bd4dde
4060:. Tanya Thomas. 15 July 2010
3033:(in Spanish). Archived from
1792:), the opposition from 138 (
1483:
1374:Federal Constitutional Court
1355:Federal Administrative Court
1336:Federal Constitutional Court
830:
493:
272:
204:Euthanasia is distinct from
134:
122:
7:
7218:Simulated child pornography
6461:Otlowski, Margaret (1997).
6450:– via news.bbc.co.uk.
3832:McDougall & Gorman 2008
3820:McDougall & Gorman 2008
2963:(in Spanish). 23 July 2021.
2866:(in Spanish). 23 April 2019
2029:
1980:
1713:
1614:
1317:same-sex marriage in France
1098:Labour Party of New Zealand
1090:End of Life Choice Act 2019
1022:
1004:
581:
488:
215:
118:broadly oppose euthanasia.
10:
7814:
7577:Legality of cryptocurrency
6914:Legal status of Mephedrone
5347:"Mémorial A n° 46 de 2009"
4375:. BBC News. 6 January 2015
3996:10.1136/bmj.314.7095.1641i
3580:"Voluntary assisted dying"
3510:"Voluntary Assisted Dying"
2644:(in Spanish). 7 July 2015.
2513:10.3390/healthcare11101470
2478:"Sentencia de Ana Estrada"
2464:"Voluntary assisted dying"
1946:
1899:
1878:principle of double effect
1850:
1835:
1726:
1681:
1630:. On 29 January 2021, the
1558:
1500:
1461:
1379:
1325:
1270:
1261:
1253:
1201:Belgian Federal Parliament
1194:
1077:
947:permanent vegetative state
927:
834:
807:
803:
734:
728:
686:, in the central state of
615:
599:
513:
279:Belgian Federal Parliament
24:
17:
7755:
7707:
7650:
7585:
7538:
7478:
7448:
7408:
7371:Censorship of LGBT issues
7317:
7267:
7181:
7154:
7128:
7095:
7062:
6919:Legal status of Methylone
6882:
6783:
5432:10.1007/s11673-009-9172-3
4110:www.ejustice.just.fgov.be
3031:La Jornada Aguascalientes
2676:, 2015 SCC 5, online at:
1838:Euthanasia in Switzerland
1822:
1744:On 17 December 2020, the
1704:
1692:
1636:President of the Republic
1606:Active euthanasia in the
1601:
1593:
1475:
1448:Northern Ireland Assembly
1372:On 26 February 2020, the
1278:
1189:
1173:
1080:Euthanasia in New Zealand
1016:
998:
956:
635:This section needs to be
611:
509:
484:Euthanasia law by country
409:Parliament of New Zealand
227:
190:
7553:Mergers and acquisitions
7421:Children in the military
7075:Law enforcement killings
6540:28 November 2006 at the
4926:Bundesverfassungsgericht
4684:10.1177/0269216310376556
3462:[2011] NSWSC 568
2561:(in European Portuguese)
1997:
1722:
1632:Assembly of the Republic
1628:Assembly of the Republic
1457:
1367:Federal Court of Justice
1241:Belgian justice ministry
973:
923:
569:
439:Assembly of the Republic
18:Not to be confused with
7679:Antarctic Treaty System
7393:Video gaming censorship
7342:Cartographic censorship
6801:Criminal responsibility
6535:On the BMA controversy.
6122:(3–4): 43–53, 168–169.
5025:. Government of Ireland
4999:. Government of Ireland
4562:Humphry, Derek (2005).
4144:10.1093/medlaw/11.3.353
3978:Wallerstein, C (1997).
3927:electionresults.govt.nz
2223:10.1093/lawfam/16.2.260
2211:Int J Law Policy Family
1710:months to five years."
1676:10 March 2024 elections
1640:Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
1386:Constitution of Ireland
1118:End of Life Choice Bill
837:Euthanasia in Australia
701:
596:non-terminal patients.
7725:National legal systems
7292:International adoption
7070:Legality of euthanasia
6296:. pp. 34037–34049
5212:www.legislation.gov.uk
3739:Jewish Virtual Library
1971:
1582:In September 2004 the
1552:
1535:
1210:In December 2013, the
1023:sekkyokuteki anrakushi
1005:shōkyokuteki anrakushi
984:Supreme Court of Japan
939:Supreme Court of India
675:
157:and all six states of
100:legality of euthanasia
95:
63:
7747:World Justice Project
7381:Television censorship
7325:Censorship by country
7173:Size of police forces
6093:roszdravnadzor.gov.ru
5354:www.legilux.public.lu
5238:www.niassembly.gov.uk
4875:"Teilnahme am Suizid"
4220:"The Death Treatment"
3468:(NSW, Australia).
3341:American Medical News
2506:(10). MDPI AG: 1470.
1966:
1947:Further information:
1539:
1510:
1353:On 2 March 2017, the
1237:Frank Van Den Bleeken
1130:2020 general election
900:from 28 November 2023
816:Penal Code of Uruguay
810:Euthanasia in Uruguay
661:
445:and published on the
441:, promulgated by the
69:
37:
7662:International waters
7376:Political censorship
7225:Internet pornography
6924:Legal status of MPDV
6838:Mandatory retirement
6595:"Report 2005 Part I"
6128:10.3917/jib.163.0043
3314:The Washington Times
1886:Dr John Bodkin Adams
1746:Congress of Deputies
1608:Polish Criminal Code
1470:Constitutional Court
1289:voluntary euthanasia
1184:Turkish Criminal Law
1126:a binding referendum
894:from 31 January 2023
882:from 23 October 2022
790:District of Columbia
673: Not legislated
618:Euthanasia in Mexico
560:Parliament of Canada
535:Carter v Canada (AG)
516:Euthanasia in Canada
357:Parliament of Canada
228:Legalization method
7593:Corporal punishment
7570:Corporate liability
7450:Freedom of movement
7359:Internet censorship
7280:Minors and abortion
7080:Legality of suicide
7033:Psilocybin mushroom
6902:Alcohol consumption
5574:"Straffeloven 2005"
5551:10.1056/NEJMp058026
5266:. 30 September 2021
5214:. National Archives
4671:Palliative Medicine
4512:. 17 September 2015
4342:. 17 September 2016
4305:. 13 December 2013.
3458:R v Shirley Justins
3412:. 29 November 2017.
3037:on 27 February 2012
2916:The Washington Post
2641:La Voz del Interior
2412:. 22 November 2021.
2277:. 8 November 2021.
1992:Suicide legislation
1962:Brody et al. (2001)
1955:Brody et al. (2001)
1770:Junts per Catalunya
1750:María Luisa Carcedo
1729:Euthanasia in Spain
1672:Diário da República
1439:for consideration.
1365:On 7 May 2019, the
1128:held alongside the
1116:MP David Seymour's
930:Euthanasia in India
888:from 1 January 2023
589:The Washington Post
305:Chamber of Deputies
7247:Child sexual abuse
6766:Lists of countries
6710:10.3747/co.19.1063
6681:Focarelli, Carlo.
6625:www.euthanasia.com
6601:on 10 October 2007
5973:. 30 January 2023.
5971:The Brussels Times
5936:. 12 January 2023.
5918:. 9 December 2022.
5892:. 30 November 2021
5755:. Associated Press
5727:Diário de Notícias
5488:. 18 February 2010
5327:. 25 February 2016
5186:www.ronanmullen.ie
5061:on 22 October 2012
5023:Irish Statute Book
4997:Irish Statute Book
4543:on 17 October 2014
4322:The New York Times
3959:on 14 January 2020
3953:referendum.govt.nz
3877:. 13 November 2019
3682:The Times of India
3373:Reta A, Grezzi O.
3361:The New York Times
3119:on 1 February 2013
3006:on 14 October 2013
2661:The Globe and Mail
2595:on 2 December 2023
1919:. You can help by
1871:suspended sentence
1584:Groningen Protocol
1360:self-determination
1112:In November 2019,
935:Passive euthanasia
906:Northern Territory
676:
187:Northern Territory
96:
64:
7775:
7774:
7694:Foreign ownership
7438:Human trafficking
7433:Same-sex marriage
7416:Children's rights
7208:Child pornography
7146:Life imprisonment
6667:978-1-59884-121-3
6571:Brody et al. 2001
6474:978-0-19-825996-1
5953:Portugal Resident
5840:. 5 November 2021
5160:www.oireachtas.ie
5131:www.oireachtas.ie
4804:. 6 November 2015
4626:(9381): 345–350.
4575:978-0-9768283-1-0
4034:. 28 January 2016
4032:The Straits Times
3549:. 1 January 2023.
3289:Los Angeles Times
3270:www.governing.com
2792:on 16 August 2016
2692:. 15 January 2016
2333:. 18 March 2021.
1937:
1936:
1894:advance decisions
1876:In regard to the
1344:active euthanasia
1285:François Hollande
1155:National Assembly
1142:Philippine Senate
1122:New Zealand First
951:active euthanasia
945:to patients in a
874:Western Australia
870:from 19 June 2019
854:Western Australia
656:
655:
498:In May 2012, the
481:
480:
335:15 December 2014
183:Western Australia
108:Western countries
27:Animal euthanasia
7805:
7766:Lists by country
7620:Police brutality
7045:Salvia divinorum
6963:Amanita mushroom
6759:
6752:
6745:
6736:
6735:
6731:
6721:
6698:Current Oncology
6671:
6655:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6631:
6617:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6597:. Archived from
6591:
6585:
6583:Dignity in Dying
6580:
6574:
6568:
6562:
6561:
6550:
6544:
6532:
6526:
6525:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6499:
6493:
6492:
6485:
6479:
6478:
6458:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6436:
6430:
6429:
6416:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6405:
6391:
6385:
6384:
6372:
6366:
6363:Suicide Act 1961
6360:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6344:. Criminal Brief
6337:
6331:
6330:
6326:
6320:
6319:
6318:. 18 March 2021.
6312:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6286:
6280:
6279:
6265:
6256:
6255:
6241:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6227:
6217:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6206:
6196:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6175:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6154:
6148:
6147:
6111:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6085:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5963:
5957:
5956:
5944:
5938:
5937:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5908:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5882:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5871:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5830:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5805:The Toronto Star
5797:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5745:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5686:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5644:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5592:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5553:
5529:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5470:. 11 April 2001.
5460:
5454:
5453:
5443:
5411:
5405:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5363:on 13 March 2013
5362:
5356:. Archived from
5351:
5343:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5321:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5300:
5294:
5293:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5157:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5128:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5057:. Archived from
5041:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5015:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5004:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4893:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4617:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4539:. Archived from
4528:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4506:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4456:
4421:
4420:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4190:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4007:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3903:. 17 August 2020
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3689:on 13 March 2011
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3657:. Chennai, India
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3475:
3469:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3378:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3272:. 15 April 2019.
3262:
3256:
3255:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2922:on 29 March 2015
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2788:. Archived from
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2686:
2680:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2555:
2544:
2543:
2533:
2515:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2426:. Archived from
2420:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2275:Voice of America
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2134:on 25 April 2017
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
1975:Dignity in Dying
1932:
1929:
1911:
1904:
1884:in the trial of
1588:child euthanasia
1029:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1001:
1000:
992:Tokai University
918:assisted suicide
876:from 1 July 2021
826:Asia and Oceania
750:assisted suicide
706:Euthanasia is a
672:
666:
651:
648:
642:
630:
629:
622:
504:Senado Argentina
500:Argentine Senate
477:5 February 2024
465:
464:
447:official gazette
431:
430:
417:6 November 2021
401:
400:
383:Cortes Generales
375:
374:
349:
348:
323:
322:
297:
296:
271:
270:
245:
244:
220:
219:
206:assisted suicide
92:
86:
80:
74:
60:
54:
48:
42:
20:Assisted suicide
7813:
7812:
7808:
7807:
7806:
7804:
7803:
7802:
7778:
7777:
7776:
7771:
7770:
7751:
7720:Immigration law
7703:
7653:
7646:
7581:
7534:
7483:
7474:
7444:
7428:Intersex rights
7404:
7347:Film censorship
7330:Book censorship
7313:
7263:
7237:Sex trafficking
7177:
7150:
7124:
7091:
7058:
6943:Methamphetamine
6884:
6878:
6779:
6774:law enforcement
6763:
6678:
6668:
6644:
6639:
6629:
6627:
6619:
6618:
6614:
6604:
6602:
6593:
6592:
6588:
6581:
6577:
6569:
6565:
6552:
6551:
6547:
6542:Wayback Machine
6533:
6529:
6518:
6514:
6509:. 30 July 2018.
6501:
6500:
6496:
6487:
6486:
6482:
6475:
6459:
6455:
6445:
6443:
6438:
6437:
6433:
6425:BBC News Online
6418:
6417:
6413:
6403:
6401:
6393:
6392:
6388:
6373:
6369:
6361:
6357:
6347:
6345:
6338:
6334:
6328:
6327:
6323:
6314:
6313:
6309:
6299:
6297:
6288:
6287:
6283:
6266:
6259:
6242:
6235:
6225:
6223:
6219:
6218:
6214:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6183:
6181:
6177:
6176:
6172:
6162:
6160:
6156:
6155:
6151:
6112:
6108:
6098:
6096:
6087:
6086:
6082:
6072:
6070:
6067:minzdrav.gov.ru
6061:
6060:
6056:
6046:
6044:
6034:
6030:
6020:
6018:
6009:
6008:
6004:
5994:
5992:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5965:
5964:
5960:
5945:
5941:
5928:
5927:
5923:
5910:
5909:
5905:
5895:
5893:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5869:
5867:
5857:
5853:
5843:
5841:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5817:
5815:
5799:
5798:
5794:
5784:
5782:
5781:. 15 March 2021
5773:
5772:
5768:
5758:
5756:
5753:The Herald News
5747:
5746:
5742:
5732:
5730:
5729:(in Portuguese)
5719:
5715:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5684:
5682:
5681:(in Portuguese)
5671:
5667:
5657:
5655:
5652:Jornal Expresso
5646:
5645:
5641:
5631:
5629:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5605:
5603:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5579:
5577:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5538:N. Engl. J. Med
5530:
5526:
5516:
5514:
5506:
5505:
5501:
5491:
5489:
5480:
5479:
5475:
5462:
5461:
5457:
5412:
5408:
5396:
5388:
5386:
5385:. 14 April 2009
5381:
5380:
5376:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5349:
5345:
5344:
5340:
5330:
5328:
5323:
5322:
5318:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5301:
5297:
5284:
5283:
5279:
5269:
5267:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5243:
5241:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5217:
5215:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5191:
5189:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5165:
5163:
5155:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5136:
5134:
5126:
5120:
5116:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5064:
5062:
5054:The Irish Times
5043:
5042:
5038:
5028:
5026:
5017:
5016:
5012:
5002:
5000:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4976:
4974:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4930:
4928:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4905:
4903:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4880:
4878:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4833:
4831:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4807:
4805:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4760:
4758:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4727:
4725:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4666:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4615:
4609:
4605:
4595:
4593:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4576:
4560:
4556:
4546:
4544:
4531:Cook, Michael.
4529:
4525:
4515:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4493:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4471:
4469:
4457:
4424:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4400:
4398:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4378:
4376:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4345:
4343:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4314:
4310:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4282:
4280:
4270:
4266:
4256:
4254:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4230:
4228:
4216:
4212:
4188:1854/LU-5933562
4163:
4159:
4128:
4124:
4114:
4112:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4063:
4061:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4037:
4035:
4026:
4025:
4021:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3930:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3906:
3904:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3880:
3878:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3854:
3852:
3842:
3838:
3830:
3826:
3818:
3814:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3761:
3758:Daily Telegraph
3750:
3746:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3706:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3647:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3607:
3605:
3604:on 4 March 2011
3596:
3595:
3591:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3558:
3554:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3521:
3517:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3476:
3472:
3456:
3452:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3372:
3368:
3353:
3349:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3293:
3291:
3281:
3277:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3244:
3240:
3230:
3228:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2895:
2893:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2795:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2767:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2740:. 21 April 2016
2736:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2718:. 19 April 2016
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2672:
2668:
2653:
2649:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2581:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2547:
2492:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2282:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2005:
2000:
1983:
1951:
1945:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1917:needs expansion
1902:
1855:
1849:
1840:
1834:
1825:
1731:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1695:
1684:
1617:
1604:
1596:
1563:
1557:
1503:
1494:
1486:
1478:
1466:
1460:
1433:palliative care
1382:
1350:gain benefits.
1328:
1313:Catholic Church
1281:
1273:
1264:
1256:
1197:
1192:
1176:
1151:
1138:
1082:
1076:
1026:
1013:
1008:
995:
976:
959:
932:
926:
914:Philip Nitschke
898:New South Wales
892:South Australia
858:New South Wales
839:
833:
828:
820:Jimenéz de Asúa
814:Since 1933 the
812:
806:
739:
733:
727:
704:
674:
670:
668:
664:
652:
646:
643:
640:
631:
627:
620:
614:
602:
584:
572:
523:suicide tourism
518:
512:
496:
491:
486:
459:
425:
411:and adopted in
395:
369:
343:
317:
291:
265:
239:
231:Date effective
218:
208:, which may be
171:South Australia
163:New South Wales
116:palliative care
94:
90:
88:
84:
82:
78:
76:
72:
62:
58:
56:
52:
50:
46:
44:
40:
30:
23:
12:
11:
5:
7811:
7801:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7773:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7763:
7757:
7756:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7749:
7744:
7743:
7742:
7737:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7711:
7709:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7675:
7674:
7669:
7658:
7656:
7648:
7647:
7645:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7633:
7632:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7589:
7587:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7579:
7574:
7573:
7572:
7562:
7561:
7560:
7555:
7544:
7542:
7536:
7535:
7533:
7532:
7531:
7530:
7528:Riparian water
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7489:
7487:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7467:
7466:
7465:
7454:
7452:
7446:
7445:
7443:
7442:
7441:
7440:
7435:
7425:
7424:
7423:
7412:
7410:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7402:
7401:
7400:
7390:
7389:
7388:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7367:
7366:
7356:
7355:
7354:
7344:
7339:
7338:
7337:
7327:
7321:
7319:
7315:
7314:
7312:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7295:
7294:
7284:
7283:
7282:
7271:
7269:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7261:
7256:
7255:
7254:
7249:
7242:Sexual assault
7239:
7234:
7229:
7228:
7227:
7222:
7221:
7220:
7215:
7200:
7199:
7198:
7187:
7185:
7179:
7178:
7176:
7175:
7170:
7169:
7168:
7166:Prisoner abuse
7160:
7158:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7132:
7130:
7126:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7101:
7099:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7088:
7087:
7077:
7072:
7066:
7064:
7060:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7055:
7054:
7053:
7052:
7042:
7041:
7040:
7030:
7029:
7028:
7018:
7017:
7016:
7006:
7005:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6984:
6983:
6982:
6972:
6971:
6970:
6957:
6952:
6951:
6950:
6940:
6939:
6938:
6928:
6927:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6906:
6905:
6904:
6894:
6888:
6886:
6880:
6879:
6877:
6876:
6871:
6870:
6869:
6867:Youth suffrage
6864:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6845:School-leaving
6842:
6841:
6840:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6787:
6785:
6781:
6780:
6762:
6761:
6754:
6747:
6739:
6733:
6732:
6689:
6677:
6676:External links
6674:
6673:
6672:
6666:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6637:
6612:
6586:
6575:
6573:, p. 283.
6563:
6558:Euthanasia.com
6545:
6527:
6512:
6494:
6491:. 29 May 2018.
6480:
6473:
6453:
6431:
6411:
6399:www.cps.gov.uk
6386:
6367:
6355:
6332:
6321:
6307:
6281:
6257:
6233:
6212:
6191:
6170:
6149:
6106:
6080:
6054:
6028:
6002:
5976:
5958:
5939:
5921:
5903:
5877:
5851:
5825:
5792:
5766:
5740:
5713:
5692:
5665:
5639:
5613:
5587:
5565:
5544:(10): 959–62.
5524:
5499:
5473:
5455:
5426:(3): 271–283.
5406:
5374:
5338:
5316:
5295:
5277:
5251:
5225:
5199:
5173:
5144:
5114:
5093:
5072:
5036:
5010:
4984:
4959:
4938:
4913:
4888:
4866:
4841:
4830:. 2 March 2017
4815:
4789:
4768:
4735:
4724:on 2 July 2013
4705:
4678:(7): 744–746.
4660:
4603:
4581:
4574:
4554:
4523:
4501:
4490:. 16 June 2020
4479:
4422:
4408:
4386:
4364:
4353:
4327:
4308:
4290:
4264:
4238:
4225:The New Yorker
4210:
4157:
4122:
4097:
4086:. Choi Won-woo
4071:
4045:
4019:
3990:(7095): 1644.
3970:
3940:
3914:
3888:
3862:
3836:
3824:
3812:
3797:
3785:Jerusalem Post
3771:
3744:
3726:
3700:
3668:
3641:
3615:
3589:
3584:NSW Government
3571:
3552:
3534:
3515:
3501:
3470:
3450:
3447:. 19 May 2022.
3436:
3415:
3397:
3388:
3379:
3366:
3347:
3326:
3301:
3275:
3257:
3238:
3227:. 8 April 2021
3212:
3201:. 9 March 2015
3184:
3173:. 5 March 2015
3158:
3147:. 1 March 2015
3130:
3100:
3074:
3048:
3017:
2987:
2966:
2948:
2933:
2903:
2877:
2851:
2825:
2803:
2777:
2751:
2729:
2703:
2681:
2666:
2647:
2627:
2606:
2572:
2545:
2486:
2469:
2455:
2441:
2430:on 23 May 2021
2415:
2401:
2384:
2370:
2348:
2318:
2292:
2262:
2236:
2217:(2): 260–269.
2201:
2176:
2145:
2115:
2085:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2034:
2022:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1982:
1979:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1914:
1912:
1901:
1898:
1859:United Kingdom
1851:Main article:
1848:
1847:United Kingdom
1845:
1836:Main article:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1727:Main article:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1694:
1691:
1683:
1680:
1624:2019 elections
1616:
1613:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1559:Main article:
1556:
1553:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1459:
1456:
1452:United Kingdom
1381:
1378:
1327:
1324:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1212:Belgian Senate
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1175:
1172:
1150:
1147:
1137:
1134:
1078:Main article:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1038:
975:
972:
968:Sabbath clocks
958:
955:
928:Main article:
925:
922:
902:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
835:Main article:
832:
829:
827:
824:
808:Main article:
805:
802:
729:Main article:
726:
723:
703:
700:
688:Aguascalientes
669:
663:
654:
653:
634:
632:
625:
616:Main article:
613:
610:
601:
598:
583:
580:
571:
568:
514:Main article:
511:
508:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
479:
478:
475:
471:Ruling of the
469:
457:
453:
452:
449:
437:Passed by the
435:
423:
419:
418:
415:
407:Passed by the
405:
393:
389:
388:
385:
381:Passed by the
379:
367:
363:
362:
359:
355:Passed by the
353:
341:
337:
336:
333:
329:Ruling of the
327:
315:
311:
310:
309:19 March 2009
307:
303:Passed by the
301:
289:
285:
284:
281:
277:Passed by the
275:
263:
259:
258:
255:
253:States General
251:Passed by the
249:
237:
233:
232:
229:
226:
223:
217:
214:
89:
83:
77:
71:
57:
51:
45:
39:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7810:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7785:
7783:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7758:
7754:
7748:
7745:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7732:
7731:
7730:Religious law
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7715:Animal rights
7713:
7712:
7710:
7706:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7667:Admiralty law
7665:
7664:
7663:
7660:
7659:
7657:
7655:
7652:International
7649:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7631:
7628:
7627:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7595:
7594:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7584:
7578:
7575:
7571:
7568:
7567:
7566:
7563:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7543:
7541:
7537:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7490:
7488:
7486:
7481:
7477:
7471:
7468:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7459:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7451:
7447:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7429:
7426:
7422:
7419:
7418:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7407:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7394:
7391:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7365:
7362:
7361:
7360:
7357:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7336:
7333:
7332:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7316:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7304:Sterilization
7302:
7300:
7299:Human cloning
7297:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7288:
7285:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7276:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7266:
7260:
7257:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7244:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7226:
7223:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7210:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7204:
7201:
7197:
7194:
7193:
7192:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7184:
7180:
7174:
7171:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7162:
7161:
7159:
7157:
7153:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7141:Incarceration
7139:
7137:
7136:Death penalty
7134:
7133:
7131:
7127:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7098:
7094:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7061:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7046:
7043:
7039:
7036:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7022:
7019:
7015:
7012:
7011:
7010:
7007:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6985:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6973:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6960:
6959:Psychedelics
6958:
6956:
6953:
6949:
6946:
6945:
6944:
6941:
6937:
6934:
6933:
6932:
6929:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6910:
6907:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6881:
6875:
6872:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6859:
6858:
6855:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6846:
6843:
6839:
6836:
6835:
6834:
6831:
6827:
6824:
6823:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6782:
6778:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6760:
6755:
6753:
6748:
6746:
6741:
6740:
6737:
6729:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6680:
6679:
6669:
6663:
6659:
6654:
6653:
6646:
6645:
6626:
6622:
6616:
6600:
6596:
6590:
6584:
6579:
6572:
6567:
6559:
6555:
6549:
6543:
6539:
6536:
6531:
6523:
6516:
6508:
6504:
6498:
6490:
6484:
6476:
6470:
6466:
6465:
6457:
6442:. 10 May 2002
6441:
6435:
6427:
6426:
6421:
6415:
6400:
6396:
6390:
6382:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6359:
6343:
6342:"YOUthanasia"
6336:
6325:
6317:
6311:
6295:
6291:
6285:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6264:
6262:
6254:(in Spanish).
6253:
6252:
6247:
6240:
6238:
6222:
6216:
6201:
6195:
6180:
6174:
6159:
6153:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6110:
6094:
6090:
6084:
6068:
6064:
6058:
6043:
6039:
6032:
6017:. 17 May 2023
6016:
6012:
6006:
5990:
5986:
5980:
5972:
5968:
5962:
5954:
5950:
5943:
5935:
5931:
5925:
5917:
5913:
5907:
5891:
5890:www.yahoo.com
5887:
5881:
5866:
5862:
5855:
5839:
5835:
5829:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5796:
5780:
5776:
5770:
5754:
5750:
5744:
5728:
5724:
5717:
5702:
5696:
5680:
5676:
5669:
5653:
5649:
5643:
5627:
5623:
5617:
5601:
5597:
5591:
5575:
5569:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5528:
5513:
5509:
5503:
5487:
5486:www.minvws.nl
5483:
5477:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5451:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5410:
5403:
5402:public domain
5384:
5378:
5359:
5355:
5348:
5342:
5326:
5320:
5305:
5299:
5291:
5287:
5281:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5239:
5235:
5229:
5213:
5209:
5203:
5187:
5183:
5177:
5161:
5154:
5148:
5132:
5125:
5118:
5103:
5097:
5082:
5076:
5060:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5048:
5040:
5024:
5020:
5014:
4998:
4994:
4988:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4948:
4942:
4927:
4923:
4917:
4902:
4898:
4892:
4876:
4870:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4803:
4799:
4793:
4778:
4772:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4664:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4591:
4585:
4577:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4558:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4527:
4511:
4505:
4489:
4483:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4418:
4412:
4396:
4390:
4374:
4368:
4357:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4304:
4300:
4294:
4279:
4275:
4268:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4214:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4173:(2): 187–92.
4172:
4168:
4161:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4138:(3): 353–76.
4137:
4133:
4126:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3974:
3958:
3954:
3950:
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3928:
3924:
3918:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3834:, p. 90.
3833:
3828:
3822:, p. 89.
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3816:
3808:
3801:
3786:
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3775:
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3466:Supreme Court
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3253:
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3200:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3172:
3171:Diario Correo
3168:
3162:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3062:
3061:El Economista
3058:
3052:
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3021:
3005:
3001:
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2813:
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2791:
2787:
2781:
2766:
2762:
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2739:
2733:
2717:
2716:The Economist
2713:
2707:
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2685:
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2490:
2479:
2473:
2465:
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2425:
2419:
2411:
2405:
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2388:
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2322:
2307:. 12 May 2023
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2250:
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2119:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2070:
2063:
2057:
2053:
2038:
2031:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1950:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1918:
1915:This section
1913:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
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1868:
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1625:
1620:
1612:
1609:
1599:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1572:
1569:In 2001, the
1567:
1562:
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1545:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
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1513:
1509:
1506:
1498:
1489:
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1473:
1471:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1449:
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1438:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
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1400:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1347:
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1333:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1268:
1259:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1107:Andrew Little
1103:
1102:member's bill
1099:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1024:
1006:
993:
989:
985:
981:
971:
969:
964:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
865:
864:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
823:
821:
817:
811:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
746:
744:
743:United States
738:
732:
725:United States
722:
718:
714:
711:
709:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
660:
650:
647:December 2021
638:
633:
624:
623:
619:
609:
607:
597:
594:
590:
579:
577:
567:
565:
562:and received
561:
556:
554:
549:
546:
540:
537:
536:
530:
526:
524:
517:
507:
505:
501:
476:
474:
470:
468:
463:
458:
455:
454:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
434:
429:
424:
421:
420:
416:
414:
410:
406:
404:
399:
394:
391:
390:
387:25 June 2021
386:
384:
380:
378:
373:
368:
365:
364:
361:17 June 2016
360:
358:
354:
352:
347:
342:
339:
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332:
328:
326:
321:
316:
313:
312:
308:
306:
302:
300:
295:
290:
287:
286:
282:
280:
276:
274:
269:
264:
261:
260:
257:1 April 2002
256:
254:
250:
248:
243:
238:
235:
234:
230:
224:
222:
221:
213:
211:
207:
202:
200:
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192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
68:
36:
32:
28:
21:
16:
7409:Human rights
7287:Adoption law
7275:Abortion law
7268:Reproduction
7232:Prostitution
7069:
7002:Lifetime use
6704:(3): 133–8.
6701:
6697:
6686:
6651:
6628:. Retrieved
6624:
6615:
6603:. Retrieved
6599:the original
6589:
6578:
6566:
6557:
6548:
6530:
6524:. BNA Books.
6521:
6515:
6506:
6497:
6483:
6463:
6456:
6444:. Retrieved
6434:
6423:
6414:
6402:. Retrieved
6398:
6389:
6380:
6376:
6370:
6358:
6346:. Retrieved
6335:
6324:
6310:
6298:. Retrieved
6293:
6284:
6273:
6249:
6224:. Retrieved
6215:
6203:. Retrieved
6194:
6182:. Retrieved
6173:
6161:. Retrieved
6152:
6119:
6115:
6109:
6097:. Retrieved
6095:(in Russian)
6092:
6083:
6071:. Retrieved
6069:(in Russian)
6066:
6057:
6045:. Retrieved
6041:
6031:
6019:. Retrieved
6014:
6005:
5993:. Retrieved
5988:
5979:
5970:
5961:
5952:
5942:
5933:
5924:
5915:
5906:
5894:. Retrieved
5889:
5880:
5868:. Retrieved
5864:
5854:
5842:. Retrieved
5837:
5828:
5816:. Retrieved
5804:
5795:
5783:. Retrieved
5778:
5769:
5757:. Retrieved
5752:
5743:
5731:. Retrieved
5726:
5716:
5704:. Retrieved
5695:
5683:. Retrieved
5678:
5668:
5656:. Retrieved
5651:
5642:
5630:. Retrieved
5625:
5616:
5604:. Retrieved
5599:
5590:
5578:. Retrieved
5568:
5541:
5537:
5527:
5515:. Retrieved
5511:
5502:
5490:. Retrieved
5485:
5476:
5467:
5458:
5423:
5420:J Bioeth Inq
5419:
5409:
5387:. Retrieved
5377:
5365:. Retrieved
5358:the original
5353:
5341:
5329:. Retrieved
5319:
5307:. Retrieved
5298:
5290:Agenzia ANSA
5289:
5280:
5268:. Retrieved
5263:
5254:
5242:. Retrieved
5237:
5228:
5216:. Retrieved
5211:
5202:
5190:. Retrieved
5185:
5176:
5164:. Retrieved
5159:
5147:
5135:. Retrieved
5130:
5117:
5105:. Retrieved
5096:
5084:. Retrieved
5075:
5063:. Retrieved
5059:the original
5052:
5046:
5039:
5027:. Retrieved
5022:
5013:
5001:. Retrieved
4996:
4987:
4975:. Retrieved
4971:
4962:
4950:. Retrieved
4941:
4929:. Retrieved
4925:
4916:
4904:. Retrieved
4900:
4891:
4879:. Retrieved
4877:. 9 May 2013
4869:
4857:. Retrieved
4853:
4844:
4832:. Retrieved
4827:
4818:
4806:. Retrieved
4801:
4792:
4780:. Retrieved
4771:
4759:. Retrieved
4748:The Guardian
4747:
4738:
4726:. Retrieved
4722:the original
4717:
4708:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4651:. Retrieved
4623:
4619:
4606:
4594:. Retrieved
4584:
4564:
4557:
4545:. Retrieved
4541:the original
4536:
4526:
4514:. Retrieved
4504:
4492:. Retrieved
4482:
4470:. Retrieved
4464:
4411:
4401:25 September
4399:. Retrieved
4389:
4377:. Retrieved
4367:
4356:
4346:17 September
4344:. Retrieved
4339:
4330:
4321:
4311:
4302:
4293:
4281:. Retrieved
4277:
4267:
4255:. Retrieved
4251:The Guardian
4250:
4241:
4229:. Retrieved
4223:
4213:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4113:. Retrieved
4109:
4100:
4088:. Retrieved
4083:
4074:
4062:. Retrieved
4057:
4048:
4036:. Retrieved
4031:
4022:
3987:
3983:
3973:
3961:. Retrieved
3957:the original
3952:
3943:
3931:. Retrieved
3926:
3917:
3905:. Retrieved
3900:
3891:
3879:. Retrieved
3874:
3865:
3853:. Retrieved
3849:
3839:
3827:
3815:
3806:
3800:
3788:. Retrieved
3784:
3774:
3762:. Retrieved
3757:
3747:
3738:
3729:
3717:. Retrieved
3713:
3703:
3691:. Retrieved
3687:the original
3680:
3671:
3659:. Retrieved
3654:
3644:
3632:. Retrieved
3627:
3618:
3606:. Retrieved
3602:the original
3592:
3583:
3574:
3565:
3555:
3546:
3537:
3528:
3518:
3504:
3492:. Retrieved
3483:
3473:
3457:
3453:
3439:
3427:. Retrieved
3418:
3409:
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3391:
3382:
3374:
3369:
3360:
3350:
3339:
3329:
3317:. Retrieved
3313:
3304:
3292:. Retrieved
3288:
3278:
3269:
3260:
3251:
3241:
3229:. Retrieved
3224:
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3198:La República
3196:
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3170:
3161:
3149:. Retrieved
3144:La República
3142:
3133:
3123:25 September
3121:. Retrieved
3117:the original
3112:
3103:
3093:25 September
3091:. Retrieved
3086:
3077:
3067:25 September
3065:. Retrieved
3060:
3051:
3041:26 September
3039:. Retrieved
3035:the original
3030:
3020:
3010:25 September
3008:. Retrieved
3004:the original
2999:
2990:
2978:. Retrieved
2969:
2960:
2951:
2936:
2924:. Retrieved
2920:the original
2915:
2906:
2894:. Retrieved
2889:
2880:
2868:. Retrieved
2863:
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2837:
2828:
2816:. Retrieved
2806:
2794:. Retrieved
2790:the original
2780:
2768:. Retrieved
2764:
2754:
2742:. Retrieved
2732:
2720:. Retrieved
2715:
2706:
2694:. Retrieved
2684:
2673:
2669:
2660:
2650:
2639:
2630:
2618:. Retrieved
2609:
2597:. Retrieved
2593:the original
2588:
2563:. Retrieved
2503:
2499:
2489:
2472:
2458:
2444:
2432:. Retrieved
2428:the original
2418:
2404:
2387:
2373:
2361:. Retrieved
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2321:
2309:. Retrieved
2305:The Guardian
2304:
2295:
2283:. Retrieved
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2248:
2239:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2179:
2167:. Retrieved
2158:
2148:
2136:. Retrieved
2132:the original
2127:
2118:
2106:. Retrieved
2097:
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2056:
2037:
2025:
2017:
1972:
1967:
1959:
1952:
1938:
1925:
1921:adding to it
1916:
1891:
1882:Judge Devlin
1875:
1867:Dr Nigel Cox
1856:
1841:
1826:
1810:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1717:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1688:
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1511:
1507:
1504:
1495:
1487:
1479:
1467:
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1441:
1429:
1425:
1417:Dáil Éireann
1403:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1371:
1364:
1352:
1348:
1340:life support
1329:
1321:
1282:
1274:
1265:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1234:
1230:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1177:
1168:
1152:
1139:
1111:
1095:
1083:
1068:
1051:
1032:
977:
960:
943:life support
933:
903:
862:
844:
840:
813:
793:
752:is legal in
747:
740:
719:
715:
712:
705:
677:
644:
636:
605:
603:
588:
585:
573:
564:Royal Assent
557:
550:
541:
533:
531:
527:
519:
503:
497:
413:a referendum
283:28 May 2002
203:
120:
99:
97:
31:
15:
7798:Medical law
7630:Alcohol law
7615:LGBT rights
7548:Competition
7485:environment
7203:Pornography
6931:Cocaine use
6642:Works cited
6226:17 December
6205:21 February
6184:14 November
6163:12 November
6042:mainnews.ro
5870:14 November
5844:14 November
5818:14 November
5785:14 November
5759:14 November
5706:20 February
5685:13 February
5658:13 February
5632:13 February
5606:11 February
5389:16 December
5065:20 February
4952:26 February
4132:Med Law Rev
3933:15 November
3881:28 November
3429:24 February
3000:ElUniversal
2896:17 December
2696:28 February
2434:17 December
2249:overheid.nl
1832:Switzerland
1571:Netherlands
1555:Netherlands
1404:Irish Times
1305:Netherlands
1301:Switzerland
1163:South Korea
1149:South Korea
1136:Philippines
1086:New Zealand
1074:New Zealand
1043:living will
949:. Forms of
684:Mexico City
403:New Zealand
247:Netherlands
195:Ana Estrada
147:New Zealand
143:Netherlands
7793:Health law
7788:Euthanasia
7782:Categories
7463:In the air
7458:By country
7398:by country
7386:by country
7364:by country
7352:by country
7335:by country
7318:Censorship
7259:Sodomy law
7129:Punishment
7110:Households
6997:Annual use
6955:Opiate use
6909:Bath salts
6883:Drugs and
6833:Retirement
6683:Euthanasia
6605:10 October
6294:www.boe.es
6047:2 November
5934:FSSPX.NEWS
5896:17 January
5733:29 January
5512:www.un.org
5309:30 January
5270:18 January
5244:6 December
5218:6 December
5137:6 December
5029:6 December
5003:6 December
4761:6 December
4653:11 October
4620:The Lancet
4596:11 October
4547:11 October
4516:10 January
4379:31 January
4090:23 October
4038:29 January
3963:28 January
2980:7 February
2890:La Tercera
2864:La Tercera
2838:La Tercera
2620:7 February
2599:14 January
2589:Observador
2500:Healthcare
2341:15 October
2285:15 October
2251:(in Dutch)
2108:15 October
2078:15 October
2049:References
1880:, in 1957
1863:Lord Joffe
1806:amendments
1766:Ciudadanos
1492:Luxembourg
1462:See also:
1421:Oireachtas
1413:Gino Kenny
1309:Luxembourg
908:under the
886:Queensland
786:California
782:New Jersey
770:Washington
766:New Mexico
735:See also:
299:Luxembourg
167:Queensland
139:Luxembourg
104:euthanasia
7654:ownership
7603:At school
7565:Corporate
7309:Surrogacy
7183:Obscenity
7120:Ownership
6975:Ayahuasca
6850:in the US
6826:in the US
6630:6 October
6446:6 October
6404:6 October
6383:(7): 100.
6348:27 August
6136:1145-0762
6099:11 August
6073:11 August
5813:0319-0781
5626:www.dn.pt
5492:6 October
5367:6 October
5331:6 October
5107:8 October
5086:8 October
4808:3 October
4782:6 October
4756:0261-3077
4718:TVNZ News
4494:1 October
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3790:6 January
3764:6 January
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3547:SBS News
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3231:12 April
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2169:25 April
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