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feeling in exuberant spirits. The discussion drifted to politics, and an argument was started, the conclusion of which was that Lyons snatched
Sheldon's hat from his head. The latter indignantly demanded its return. Lyons refused, and Sheldon withdrew his revolver and shot Lyons in the abdomen. When his victim fell to the floor Sheldon took his hat from the hand of the wounded man and coolly walked away. He was subsequently arrested and locked up at the Chestnut Street Station. Lyons was taken to the Dispensary, where his wounds were pronounced serious. Lee Sheldon is also known as 'Stag' Lee.
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Dallas
Theater Center in Dallas produced an original musical with an adaptation of the folklore around Stagger Lee and Billy Lyons. The characters explore African American history in the Northern United States, and experience racism and violence throughout multiple cities. It opened January 21, 2015
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over his face (signifying one with the power to see spirits and destined for trouble), or of having sold his soul to the Devil (in exchange for the hat, said to be magic, over which he killed Billy Lyons). Additional fantastic legends credit him with the ability to transform himself into animals, of
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The song tradition embellishes the story with sometimes inaccurate or fantastic details. The songs play up the importance of
Stagolee's Stetson hat as a symbol of manliness. he is often said to have received a death sentence for his crime, which he accepts stoically. Some versions add an additional
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with a dubious reputation. He was not a common pimp — as described by Cecil Brown, "Lee
Shelton belonged to a group of pimps known in St. Louis as the 'Macks.' The Macks were not just 'urban strollers;' they presented themselves as objects to be observed. He was nicknamed "Stag Lee" or "Stack Lee",
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William Lyons, 25, a levee hand, was shot in the abdomen yesterday evening at 10 o'clock in the saloon of Bill Curtis, at
Eleventh and Morgan Streets, by Lee Sheldon , a carriage driver. Lyons and Sheldon were friends and were talking together. Both parties, it seems, had been drinking and were
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with some black people who admire the gangster type; a parallel to the glorification of the outlaw by a section of mainstream society. In this variation, he is the embodiment of a tough black man; one who is sly, streetwise, cool, lawless, amoral, potentially violent, and who defies
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Lyons eventually died of his injuries. Shelton was tried and convicted for the crime in 1897, and sentenced to 25 years in prison. He was paroled in 1909, but was imprisoned again two years later for assault and robbery. Unable to get parole, he died in the hospital of the
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and illustrated by
Shepherd Hendrix, examining the historical murder of Lyons by Shelton, and the folklore that came out of it, in the framing setting of a fictionalized version of the African-American community in Saint Louis.
1896:
184:", and other variations, was an American criminal who became a figure of folklore after murdering Billy Lyons on December 25, 1895. The murder, reportedly motivated partially by the theft of Shelton's
656:, Earnestine Jenkins, Volume 2, 2001, p. 390 "William Lyons wore a derby hat; if Stack Lee wore a Stetson hat (as most of the songs insist), all the accounts I have found failed to mention it."
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Chapter
Nineteen. Stack Lee: The Man, The Music, The Myth. In: Darlene Clark Hine, Earnestine Jenkins. A Question of Manhood: A Reader in U.S. Black Men's History and Masculinity, Volume 2
284:, after which Lyons grabbed Shelton's hat and demanded restitution; Shelton then drew his gun and smacked Lyons on the head with it. Lyons lunged for Shelton and Shelton shot.
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325:", "Stagger Lee", and other variants. The first evidence for it is a reference to "Stack-a-Lee" being performed by "Prof. Charlie Lee, the piano thumper" in the
303:. The Killer Blues Headstone Project raised money to place a stone on his unmarked grave, and on April 14, 2013, a marker was laid during a public ceremony.
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in 2019. Consisting of two novellas, the latter – "My Heart Struck Sorrow" – focuses in large part on a horrific mystery connected to varied
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possibly because he "went stag", meaning he was without friends, or took the nickname from a well-known riverboat captain called "Stack Lee".
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paints
Stagger Lee as a sociopathic, bisexual sexual predator who forces a foe to perform fellatio on him before shooting the man to death.
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which was known for its on-board prostitution. Lee
Shelton's nickname was later corrupted into various other forms in the folk tradition.
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On
Christmas night in 1895, Shelton shot William "Billy" Lyons in a St. Louis saloon following a dispute. A story appearing in the
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and his band recorded the song in 1924. Also in 1924, the first version with lyrics was recorded, as "Skeeg-a-Lee Blues", by
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drew inspiration from his heavy blues background, playing the song in open G tuning, finger plucking on an old telecaster.
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references the song in his 1920’s short story "Broadway Financier", where the song is called 'Stacker Lee.'
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Richard E. Buehler, "Stacker Lee: A partial investigation into the historicity of a Negro murder ballad"
204:". The story endures in the many versions of the song that have circulated since the late 19th century.
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and featured Brandon Gill, J. Bernard Calloway, Tiffany Mann, Cedric Neal, and Saycon Sengbloh.
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Further details are preserved in trial accounts. For example, Shelton had first crushed Lyons'
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and gambler, and evidently served as a captain in a black "Four Hundred Club", a political and
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2002:
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711:"Killer Blues to Install Headstones at the Graves of Stagger Lee, Milton Sparks This Weekend"
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received a partial transcription of the song, and in 1911 two versions were published in the
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section in which Stagolee goes to Hell and usurps it from the Devil. The 1995 version by
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Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc.
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were billed as Stagger Lee in the Southern US; Sylvester Ritter, better known as
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in 1897. The song was well known in African American communities along the lower
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403:, titled "Stack Shot Billy", telling the tale of the infamous murder. Frontman
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589:. Boston: Harvard University Press. pp. 23, 34–36, 37, 42–43, 45–45 102.
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Stagger Lee's "Lid" Club at 911 N. 12th Street, St. Louis (Tucker Blvd. now).
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A Question of Manhood: A Reader in U.S. Black Men's History and Masculinity
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in 1923, and became a hit. Another version was recorded later that year by
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claimed that the nickname came from a riverboat owned by the Lee family of
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19:"Billy Lyons" redirects here. For the Canadian professional wrestler, see
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records stories among the superstitious of his having been born with a
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made in the 1930s as well as the folklore surrounding "Stagger Lee".
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Matt Marshall, "A Brief History of Stagger Lee and Billy Lyons,"
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True Crime: Missouri—The State's Most Notorious Criminal Cases.
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Shortly after the event, the murder became the subject of
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Stagolee, Stagger Lee, Stack-O-Lee, Stag Lee, Lee Sheldon
463:
Mystery Train: Images of America in Rock 'n' Roll Music.
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Shelton is buried at the historic Greenwood Cemetery in
172:(March 16, 1865 – March 11, 1912), popularly known as "
1897:
Regulating Brothel Prostitution in St. Paul, 1865–1883
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vol. 12, 1967, pp. 187–191. Retrieved March 5, 2013
912:
665:
3339:
1637:Prostitution in Los Angeles in the 19th century
708:
838:. Archived from the original on July 20, 2016.
836:"Nick Cave – Stagger Lee Lyrics – MetroLyrics"
1597:
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959:. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 141–366.
451:explicitly ties the Stagger Lee archetype to
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570:
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566:
564:
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793:"Herb Wiedoeft's Cinderella Roof Orchestra"
370:recorded the song the following year, with
3393:American people who died in prison custody
3277:Commercial sexual exploitation of children
1604:
1590:
1021:
1007:
785:
644:
642:
228:. He later worked as a carriage driver in
919:. Indiana University Press. p. 482.
821:Howard W. Odum article "Folk-Song..." in
734:
732:
557:
3398:Prisoners who died in Missouri detention
3246:Murder of Tanya Moore and Tina Rodriguez
527:published "A Lush and Seething Hell" by
489:
427:Within thirty years of Shelton's death,
378:, and a notable version was recorded by
211:
2038:New England Female Moral Reform Society
995:History of Lee Shelton and of the song.
943:New York: Crown 1944. rpt 1993, 122 ff.
639:
358:& His Regal Novelty Orchestra, and
3408:People convicted of murder by Missouri
3340:
729:
672:Chapter 1: When Stagger Lee Shot Billy
397:included a song on their third album,
296:on March 11, 1912, from tuberculosis.
3373:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
1585:
1028:
1002:
494:Cast of the Stagger Lee musical, 2016
306:
3363:20th-century African-American people
2043:New York Female Moral Reform Society
236:, where he gained a reputation as a
196:musicians, and inspired the popular
3388:American people convicted of murder
865:The Black Keys – "Stack Shot Billy"
440:, and of having fought a duel with
13:
3312:Prostitution in Harlem Renaissance
1928:Secrets of a Hollywood Super Madam
713:. Riverfront Times. Archived from
709:Michael Dauphin (April 12, 2013).
220:The historical Lee Shelton was an
14:
3424:
3358:1895 murders in the United States
1832:Wild Horse Adult Resort & Spa
1827:Stone Jail Building and Row House
1742:Fort Laramie Three-Mile Hog Ranch
1613:Prostitution in the United States
977:
485:Continental Wrestling Association
343:by the sociologist and historian
333:by 1910. That year, musicologist
3150:Northern Liberties, Philadelphia
3090:Creek Street (Ketchikan, Alaska)
1345:Ghosts of the American Civil War
993:The Myth and Song of Stagger Lee
941:A Treasury of American Folklore.
3383:Tuberculosis deaths in Missouri
3368:20th-century American criminals
3080:Columbus Avenue (San Francisco)
946:
933:
906:
878:
856:
828:
815:
769:
350:The song was first recorded by
3236:Disappearance of Jessie Foster
746:
702:
689:
659:
621:
603:
467:From 1982 to 1984, two masked
327:Kansas City Leavenworth Herald
16:19th-century American murderer
1:
3413:People from American folklore
3155:San Antonio Sporting District
3100:Hell's Half Acre (Fort Worth)
743:. Retrieved February 17, 2013
550:
207:
3327:Truckers Against Trafficking
3262:1989 DC Prostitute Expulsion
3215:Western Avenue (Los Angeles)
3045:Barbary Coast, San Francisco
1421:Mercy Brown vampire incident
953:Jacobs, John Horner (2019).
885:Brown, Cecil (May 9, 2003).
823:Journal of American Folklore
780:Keystone Folklore Quarterly,
512:published the graphic novel
340:Journal of American Folklore
7:
3307:Police abuse of sex workers
3125:Liberty Avenue (Pittsburgh)
913:George M. Eberhart (2006).
666:Krajicek, David J. (2011).
538:
479:and James Ware, who became
388:Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds
290:Missouri State Penitentiary
10:
3429:
1762:List of brothels in Nevada
762:February 22, 2014, at the
611:"The Story of Stagger Lee"
415:Stagger Lee has become an
310:
18:
3254:
3223:
3200:Tenderloin, San Francisco
3035:
3008:
2520:
2442:
2414:
2081:
1980:
1973:
1937:
1905:
1845:
1672:
1619:
1491:Alfred Bulltop Stormalong
1483:
1460:
1406:Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine
1373:
1332:
1184:
1148:
1062:
1036:
848:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
766:. Retrieved March 5, 2013
545:Frankie and Johnny (song)
410:
146:
138:
122:
110:
99:
91:
76:
58:
37:
30:
3267:Big Apple Oriental Tours
3231:Denver Prostitute Killer
3175:Sporting District, Omaha
3110:Kensington, Philadelphia
3055:Broadway (San Francisco)
956:A Lush and Seething Hell
447:Author and music critic
438:San Francisco earthquake
70:Jefferson City, Missouri
3302:Operation Stormy Nights
3185:Storyville, New Orleans
2740:Endesha Ida Mae Holland
2206:Ada and Minna Everleigh
1892:Red Light Abatement Act
1772:Mary Todd Lincoln House
1722:Dennis Hof's Love Ranch
1411:Lost Ship of the Desert
483:, followed suit in the
458:There's a Riot Goin' On
352:Waring's Pennsylvanians
3241:Murder of Carrie Brown
3140:Nevada State Route 582
2955:Estella Marie Thompson
2424:Ashley Alexandra Dupré
1777:Miss Hattie's Bordello
1707:Chicken Ranch (Nevada)
1692:Arnold's Bar and Grill
1401:Goatman (urban legend)
887:"Godfather of Gangsta"
740:History of Stagger Lee
495:
475:, played him first in
469:professional wrestlers
278:
217:
3195:Tenderloin, Manhattan
3145:North Street (Boston)
3065:Burnt District, Omaha
2376:Deborah L. Turbiville
2316:Deborah Jeane Palfrey
2135:Sydney Biddle Barrows
2003:Committee of Fourteen
1712:Chicken Ranch (Texas)
1697:Ash Meadows Sky Ranch
755:American Blues Scene,
648:George M Eberhart in
635:on February 23, 2003.
583:Brown, Cecil (2004).
493:
321:tradition, known as "
273:
215:
142:25 years imprisonment
3378:Criminals from Texas
3180:Stingaree, San Diego
3070:Cheshire Bridge Road
3050:The Block, Baltimore
2550:Norma Jean Almodovar
1998:Committee of Fifteen
1988:Norma Jean Almodovar
1877:Chamberlain–Kahn Act
1682:217 West Main Street
1484:Literary folk heroes
1431:Seven Cities of Gold
224:man born in 1865 in
131:Assault and robbery
3287:Hookers for Hillary
3272:Church penitentiary
3160:Sepulveda Boulevard
3085:Combat Zone, Boston
3075:Chinatown, Honolulu
3060:Bucktown, Davenport
3037:Red-light districts
2835:Laura Bell McDaniel
2785:Robert La Tourneaux
2750:Amber L. Hollibaugh
2625:Lisa Crystal Carver
2457:Hester Jane Haskins
2296:Laura Bell McDaniel
2256:Hester Jane Haskins
1782:Moonlite BunnyRanch
1752:Kit Kat Guest Ranch
675:. Stackpole Books.
586:Stagolee Shot Billy
477:Mid-South Wrestling
301:Hillsdale, Missouri
85:Hillsdale, Missouri
3210:Venus Alley, Butte
3165:Slabtown (Atlanta)
3120:The Levee, Chicago
3105:Hunts Point, Bronx
2940:David Henry Sterry
2860:Mother Featherlegs
2700:Ronnie Lee Gardner
2640:Honeysuckle Divine
2013:Melissa Gira Grant
1871:Bennis v. Michigan
1135:Theodore Roosevelt
939:Botkin, Benjamin.
803:on January 5, 2011
654:Darlene Clark Hine
629:"Staggerlee Roots"
533:acetate recordings
529:John Horner Jacobs
496:
436:having caused the
307:Song and tradition
218:
81:Greenwood Cemetery
3335:
3334:
3282:Emperors Club VIP
3031:
3030:
3000:Venus Xtravaganza
2745:Xaviera Hollander
2570:Richard Berkowitz
2101:(aka, Madam Alex)
1757:Lester Apartments
1702:Bird Cage Theatre
1579:
1578:
1396:Fountain of Youth
1229:Fur-bearing trout
1186:Fearsome critters
1149:Idiomatic figures
1030:American folklore
717:on April 14, 2013
697:St Louis Magazine
331:Mississippi River
167:
166:
163:
158:
153:
134:
129:
106:, carriage driver
3420:
3322:Three minute men
3190:Sunset Boulevard
2965:Mary Ellen Tracy
2630:Sylvia Clevenger
2487:Red Light Lizzie
2482:Don "Magic" Juan
2291:Red Light Lizzie
2231:Dante "Tex" Gill
2191:Kristin M. Davis
2165:Big Jim Colosimo
1978:
1977:
1812:Shady Lady Ranch
1797:Old Bridge Ranch
1717:Cottontail Ranch
1606:
1599:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1521:Febold Feboldson
1506:Casey at the Bat
1501:Brother Jonathan
1391:Confederate gold
1070:Johnny Appleseed
1023:
1016:
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1000:
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860:
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839:
832:
826:
819:
813:
812:
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808:
799:. Archived from
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783:
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750:
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736:
727:
726:
724:
722:
706:
700:
693:
687:
686:
663:
657:
646:
637:
636:
631:. Archived from
625:
619:
618:
617:. June 27, 2007.
615:Riverfront Times
607:
601:
600:
580:
222:African American
161:
156:
151:
139:Criminal penalty
132:
127:
123:Criminal charges
92:Other names
65:
47:
45:
28:
27:
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3427:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3317:Sex trafficking
3250:
3219:
3170:SoHo, Manhattan
3130:Minnesota Strip
3115:Las Vegas Strip
3027:
3018:Craig J. Spence
3004:
2930:Margo St. James
2910:Valerie Solanas
2900:Shalimar Seiuli
2820:Brooke Magnanti
2800:Rose Livingston
2735:Richard Holcomb
2600:Sarah A. Bowman
2595:Gary Ray Bowles
2585:Mattie Blaylock
2555:Josie Arlington
2540:Josephine Airey
2516:
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2438:
2410:
2371:Frederick Trump
2306:Mother Damnable
2177:(Arabella Ryan)
2170:Joseph Conforte
2125:Josie Arlington
2115:Josephine Airey
2099:Elizabeth Adams
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1969:
1960:Free the Slaves
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1204:Ball-tailed cat
1199:Axehandle hound
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966:978-0062880840
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547:
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455:and his album
412:
409:
400:Rubber Factory
395:The Black Keys
356:Frank Westphal
345:Howard W. Odum
311:Main article:
308:
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294:Jefferson City
271:in 1895 read:
269:Globe-Democrat
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100:Occupation(s)
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3205:Times Square
2980:Sheila White
2905:Mattie Silks
2875:Louise Peete
2855:Vicki Morgan
2810:Annie Lobert
2805:Alice Little
2775:Dean Johnson
2770:Helen Jewett
2720:Fred Halsted
2710:Billi Gordon
2695:Denham Fouts
2685:Heidi Fleiss
2645:Issan Dorsey
2610:Carrie Brown
2545:Brenda Allen
2496:
2477:Iceberg Slim
2462:Mike Heitler
2396:Minnie White
2341:Mattie Silks
2266:Mike Heitler
2221:Heidi Fleiss
2186:Ana Cumpănaș
2120:Brenda Allen
2073:Sheila White
2023:Alice Little
1955:Equality Now
1926:
1921:Dreamcatcher
1919:
1912:
1869:
1852:
1837:Willis House
1802:Paresis Hall
1792:No. 1 Geisha
1659:Rhode Island
1294:Snallygaster
1279:Jersey Devil
1161:Cooter Brown
1085:Br'er Rabbit
1080:Daniel Boone
988:Find a Grave
955:
948:
940:
935:
915:
908:
898:December 17,
896:. Retrieved
892:The Guardian
890:
880:
869:, retrieved
864:
858:
830:
822:
817:
805:. Retrieved
801:the original
797:Red Hot Jazz
796:
787:
779:
771:
754:
748:
739:
719:. Retrieved
715:the original
704:
696:
691:
671:
668:
661:
649:
633:the original
623:
605:
585:
523:
514:Stagger Lee,
513:
510:Image Comics
507:
503:Damon Runyon
501:
497:
481:Koko B. Ware
473:Junkyard Dog
466:
462:
461:in his book
456:
449:Greil Marcus
446:
426:
414:
405:Dan Auerbach
398:
392:
384:
364:Lovie Austin
349:
338:
326:
316:
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286:
279:
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268:
263:
258:
219:
181:
177:
173:
169:
168:
77:Burial place
64:(1912-03-11)
25:
3353:1912 deaths
3348:1865 births
3297:John school
2985:Anna Wilson
2970:Tiger Tyson
2935:Pearl Starr
2865:Jean O'Hara
2850:Tanya Moore
2845:Della Moore
2825:Chicago May
2795:Kitty Leroy
2760:John Holmes
2715:Maggie Hall
2705:Jody Gibson
2675:Albert Fish
2670:Alexis Fire
2655:Dora DuFran
2650:Phoebe Doty
2615:Julia Brown
2522:Prostitutes
2497:Lee Shelton
2434:Fanny White
2401:Anna Wilson
2386:Tessie Wall
2351:Pearl Starr
2331:Poker Alice
2286:Kitty Leroy
2281:Lizzie Lape
2246:Eunice Gray
2226:Jody Gibson
2216:Vina Fields
2201:Dora DuFran
2196:Phoebe Doty
2105:Polly Adler
2058:Audacia Ray
2018:Carol Leigh
1993:Fred Cherry
1566:Tony Beaver
1541:Kemp Morgan
1531:Joe Magarac
1475:Uncle Remus
1309:Splintercat
1284:Joint snake
1244:Goofus bird
1156:Average Joe
1125:Casey Jones
1095:Paul Bunyan
1090:Jim Bridger
1075:Elfego Baca
1063:Folk heroes
984:Lee Shelton
871:October 10,
807:October 13,
757:May 9, 2011
516:written by
442:Jesse James
424:authority.
313:Stagger Lee
257:called the
242:social club
202:Stagger Lee
186:Stetson hat
182:Stack-O-Lee
178:Stagger Lee
170:Lee Shelton
116:Stagger Lee
32:Lee Shelton
3342:Categories
2945:Star Stowe
2890:Tracy Quan
2690:Ali Forney
2467:Dennis Hof
2416:Courtesans
2391:Lulu White
2271:Dennis Hof
2241:Lou Graham
2236:Mary Gleim
2181:Cora Crane
2175:Belle Cora
2155:Hilma Burt
2053:Tracy Quan
1887:Raines law
1632:California
1556:Pecos Bill
1536:Johnny Kaw
1516:Evangeline
1365:White Lady
1355:La Llorona
1340:Bell Witch
1324:Wampus cat
1319:Teakettler
1304:Snow snake
1264:Hoop snake
1254:Hidebehind
1234:Gillygaloo
1214:Cactus cat
1194:Agropelter
1115:John Henry
1049:California
926:0253214602
551:References
335:John Lomax
259:Stack Lee,
251:Alan Lomax
208:Background
150:Convicted
44:1865-03-16
3292:John Hour
2815:Crazy Lou
2665:Robyn Few
2492:Jack Ruby
2311:Meg Muñoz
2211:Mame Faye
2033:Meg Muñoz
2008:Robyn Few
1981:Activists
1360:Red Ghost
1274:Jackalope
1239:Glawackus
1176:Uncle Sam
1105:Mike Fink
721:April 18,
508:In 2006,
453:Sly Stone
417:archetype
393:In 2004,
382:in 1927.
368:Ma Rainey
319:folk song
282:Derby hat
266:St. Louis
230:St. Louis
198:folk song
3224:Violence
2830:Rosa May
1965:SWOP-USA
1882:Mann Act
1822:The Star
1674:Brothels
1551:Ole Pete
1450:Vaqueros
1441:Westerns
1416:Madstone
1249:Gumberoo
1171:Sam Hide
1110:Geronimo
1054:Salishan
844:cite web
760:Archived
539:See also
323:Stagolee
234:Missouri
174:Stagolee
155:Paroled
2140:Big Sue
2083:Brothel
1945:BAYSWAN
1462:African
1446:Cowboys
1436:Tailypo
1426:Mothman
1374:Legends
255:Memphis
126:Murder
2530:Ah Toy
2110:Ah Toy
2091:madams
2087:owners
1974:People
1950:COYOTE
1654:Nevada
1649:Hawaii
1333:Ghosts
1314:Squonk
1044:Alaska
1037:Native
963:
923:
679:
593:
411:Impact
376:cornet
162:(1911)
157:(1909)
152:(1897)
133:(1911)
128:(1895)
3255:Other
3010:Johns
2472:Ice-T
2444:Pimps
1906:Media
1664:Texas
1620:Areas
1299:Snipe
1269:Hugag
1259:Hodag
1219:Champ
422:white
226:Texas
194:blues
52:Texas
1863:2020
1858:2013
1644:Guam
961:ISBN
921:ISBN
900:2007
873:2022
850:link
825:1911
809:2010
723:2013
677:ISBN
652:ed.
591:ISBN
433:caul
249:and
247:John
238:pimp
192:and
190:folk
180:", "
176:", "
104:Pimp
59:Died
38:Born
2089:and
1846:Law
986:at
374:on
292:in
3344::
889:.
846:}}
842:{{
795:.
778:,
731:^
641:^
613:.
559:^
487:.
444:.
366:.
347:.
232:,
1605:e
1598:t
1591:v
1448:/
1022:e
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1008:v
969:.
929:.
902:.
852:)
811:.
725:.
685:.
599:.
200:"
118:"
114:"
87:)
83:(
46:)
42:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
