558:
49:
895:
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1208:
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such as murder, and pose a danger to the well-being of the State of Israel; or, for example, may be a fugitive in another country for any felony (unless they are persecution victims); or such persons who, by virtue of their illness, may pose a serious public health risk to the people of Israel; as also any person who may be actively engaged in any campaign that vociferously speaks out against the Jewish people and undermines their cause (such as demagoguery).
566:
1194:
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865:(ESCWA) slammed the Law of Return, "conferring on Jews worldwide the right to enter Israel and obtain Israeli citizenship regardless of their countries of origin and whether or not they can show links to Israel-Palestine, while withholding any comparable right from Palestinians, including those with documented ancestral homes in the country," as a policy of "demographic engineering" meant to uphold Israel's status as "the
2610:
878:
Aliyah as a matter of course. The Jewish man quickly received citizenship but the decision of citizenship for his husband was delayed by the
Ministry of the Interior despite the clause in the law saying the spouse of the Jewish returnee must also be granted citizenship. On August 10, 2011, the Ministry of the Interior granted citizenship to the non-Jewish husband as required by The Law of Return.
574:
832:
halakha, and were not therefore excluded by the conversion clause. This argument was upheld in the ruling, and the government agreed to reprocess their applications. Despite this, Messianic Jews are considered to be eligible for the law if they can claim Jewish ancestry (having a Jewish father or grandfather).
1162:
It is not only the
Knesset, however, which has been repeatedly obliged to directly or indirectly address these issues. Over the years, many of Israel's interior ministers have examined the issue of the Law of Return and wavered as to how to apply it. The judiciary has also been called upon to express
1158:
Amongst those who are in favor of retaining the Law, controversy exists over its wording. The Law's definition of a "Jew" and "Jewish people" are subject to debate. Israeli and
Diaspora Jews differ with each other as groups and among themselves as to what this definition should be for the purposes of
831:
On April 16, 2008, the
Supreme Court ruled in a case brought by a number of people with Jewish fathers and grandfathers whose applications for citizenship had been rejected on the grounds that they were Messianic Jews. The argument was made by the applicants that they had never been Jews according to
652:
The rights of a Jew under this Law and the rights of an oleh under the
Nationality Law, 5712-1952***, as well as the rights of an oleh under any other enactment, are also vested in a child and a grandchild of a Jew, the spouse of a Jew, the spouse of a child of a Jew and the spouse of a grandchild of
640:
the halakhic definition, a person is Jewish if their mother is Jewish, or if they convert to
Judaism. Orthodox Jews do not recognize conversions performed by Reform or Conservative Judaism. However, the Law provides that any Jew regardless of affiliation may migrate to Israel and claim citizenship.
877:
On June 10, 2011, the Law of Return was tested when a gay male couple, one Jewish and one
Catholic, made Aliyah to Israel. This couple was the first same-sex, different religion married couple to request joint Aliyah status, although opposite sex married couples of different religions receive joint
639:
Those who immigrate to Israel under the Law of Return are immediately entitled to citizenship in Israel. However, differences of opinion have arisen as to whether a person who claims citizenship under the Law of Return should be automatically registered as "Jewish" for census purposes. According to
1174:, made this determination, but this arrangement is in question. This practice has met opposition among non-Orthodox religious leaders both within Israel and in the diaspora. Several attempts have been made to resolve the issue, the most recent being the Ne'eman Commission, but an impasse persists.
1182:
outside of Israel were valid for the Law of Return (regardless of whether they were
Orthodox, Conservative, or Reform). The 2005 ruling extended this, finding that overseas conversions were still valid even if the individuals did the preparatory work for the conversions while residing in Israel.
753:
to deny
Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return on a number of grounds: For example, an applicant may be denied citizenship if they are considered a threat to the security of the State of Israel (e.g. treason against the Jewish State), or have a past criminal record involving a serious crime,
1181:
ruled 7–4 that all conversions performed outside of Israel would be recognized by the authorities under the Law of Return, notwithstanding the Ne'eman
Commission's view that a single body should determine eligibility for immigration. The court had already ruled in 1989 that conversions performed
949:
is necessary for the survival of the Jewish people generally and to provide a safe haven for Jewish refugees in specific cases. CAMERA argues the Law of Return is justified under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Article I(4), which CAMERA argues allows for
631:
Originally, the rights under the Law of Return applied only to Jews. However, due to an inability on the lawmakers to agree on a definition of "who is a Jew", the Law did not define the term, relying instead on the issue to resolve itself over time. As a result, the Law relied in effect on the
916:
The right granted to Jews along with their relatives under the Law does not necessarily or automatically discriminate against non-Jews, but is a form of "positive" discrimination. Israel has residency and citizenship laws for non-Jews that are equivalent to those in other liberal democracies.
740:
As of 2021, 3,340,000 Jews have immigrated to Israel since its independence in 1948. Hundreds of thousands of people who do not have Jewish status under Orthodox Jewish interpretations of halakha received Israeli citizenship, as the law confers citizenship to all offspring of a Jew (including
736:
The Israeli Rabbinate is a purely Orthodox body that is far more strict in defining "who is a Jew". This creates a situation in which thousands of immigrants who are eligible for citizenship under the Law of Return's criteria, are ineligible for Jewish marriage by the Israeli Rabbinate.
608:"This law does not provide for the State to bestow the right to settle upon the Jew living abroad; it affirms that this right is inherent in him from the very fact of being a Jew; the State does not grant the right of return to the Jews of the diaspora. This right preceed [
1768:
Myers told CBN News, "The bottom line is that if your father is Jewish or if any of your grandparents are Jewish from your father's side – even if you're a Messianic Jew – you can immigrate to Israel under the law of return or under the law of citizenship if you marry an Israeli
968:, calls the law "unfair" from the Palestinian refugees' point of view, but sees the unfairness as having happened in other places too. Pogrund compares the flight/expulsion of Palestinians (both in 1948 and 1967) to Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, India and Pakistan.
732:
A third explanation promoted by religious Jews is that the overwhelmingly secular leadership in Israel sought to undermine the influence of religious elements in Israeli politics and society by allowing more secular Jews and their non-Jewish spouses to immigrate.
1020:
movement and have previously attempted to advance bills to amend the Law of Return, stated that Israel has become "a haven for people who hate Israel, hate Jews, and exploit the Law of Return to act on this hatred." On the other end of the political spectrum, MK
984:
Support for the law among Israeli Arabs is much less. According to a poll overseen by Haifa University sociologist Sammy Smooha among 700 Jews and 700 Arabs conducted in 2017 only 25.2% "accepted" the Law of Return, down from 39% in 2015.
885:
announced that Jews in same-sex relationships who got married abroad but wished to immigrate to Israel were allowed to do so under the Law of Return, even with a non-Jewish spouse, and that both spouses would receive Israeli citizenship.
1878:
925:
Article I(3), which CAMERA says allows for preferential immigration treatment of some groups without discrimination against a particular group. Thus, CAMERA and others argue that other countries, including
528:
status. The person then has three months to decide whether they wish to become a citizen and can renounce their prior citizenship during this time. Since 2005, the right does not apply to residents of the
1516:
1941:
1163:
an opinion on matters relating to the Law. This burning and recurrent question in the country's political dialogue not only reveals but also exacerbates differences of opinion between Israelis.
913:, residence, or marrying an Israeli citizen. Naturalization, for instance, is available under certain circumstances for the non-Jewish parents of a citizen who has completed their army service.
922:
1972:
981:
98% of all Jewish Israelis wanted the law to continue to allow Jewish immigration. However, some argue that the law permits the entry of too many non-Jews, undermining its purpose.
1918:
636:
definition. But, the absence of a definition of who is a Jew, for the purpose of the Law, resulted in divergent views of the various streams of Judaism competing for recognition.
1306:
1885:
2391:
2051:
1801:
1780:
Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations. "UN Economic, Social and Cultural Committee Expresses Grave Concern Over Israel's Discriminatory Practices."
1166:
One central issue is who has the authority over determining the validity of conversions to Judaism for purposes of immigration and citizenship. For historical reasons, the
2089:
918:
505:. In 1970, the right of entry and settlement was extended to people with at least one Jewish grandparent and a person who is married to a Jew, whether or not they are
2112:
2438:
1831:
1048:
Thirty-seven percent of Israelis polled said that deeper background checks on new immigrants would amount to racism against Jews from Russian-speaking countries.
1347:
1033:
criticized the system's double standard, stating that "people immigrated to Israel and received automatic citizenship under the Law of Return, while citizens of
2074:
Sheleg, Y. 2004. "Not Halakhically Jewish: the Dilemma of Non-Jewish Immigrants in Israel." Jerusalem: Israeli Democracy Institute, working paper 51 (in Hebrew)
1695:
1552:
1520:
2526:
407:
2369:
1933:
1494:
862:
2507:
2248:
1736:
the petitioners were entitled to automatic new immigrant status and citizenship precisely because...they were the offspring of Jewish fathers.
1582:
1964:
941:
While the purpose of the Law of Return is perhaps to keep Israel predominantly Jewish, an argument states that a world where Jews have been
702:". Until then the law did not refer to the question. There are several explanations for the decision to be so inclusive. One is that as the
2530:
2431:
2156:, 43, 301–335, 2003, also Nahshon Perez, "Israel's Law of Return: A Qualified Justification, Modern Judaism, vol 31 (1), 2011, pp: 59–84 "
1910:
2625:
2136:
588:, Israel's Parliament, on 5 July 1950. The date chosen so that it would coincide with the anniversary of the death of Zionist visionary
1638:
1296:
1271:
2724:
2002:
412:
2804:
620:] the State; its source is to be found in the historic and never broken connection between the Jewish people and the homeland."
2058:
1854:
1793:
2424:
1327:
271:
211:
2270:
1159:
the Law of Return. Additionally, there is a lively debate over the meaning of the terms "Jewish State" and "State of the Jews".
1794:"Press Releases: Occupied Palestinian Territory, The international community is bargaining with the rights of the Palestinians"
1724:
245:
2339:
1781:
2648:
2310:
2035:
1477:
1231:
538:
2168:
2085:
1126:
2536:
1453:
Exploring the Jewish spectrum in a time of fluid identity: JPPI special report on the 2016 Structured Jewish World Dialogue
902:
Supporters of the law say that it is very similar to those in many European states, which also employ an ethnic component.
854:. These critics consider the Law, as contrasted against the denial of the right of return, offensive and institutionalized
785:
520:
On the day of arrival in Israel, or occasionally at a later date, a person who enters Israel under the Law of Return as an
206:
161:
142:
2109:
1098:
757:
This provision has been used to exclude applicants a handful of times since Israel's establishment. Notable cases include
2674:
2629:
2502:
2469:
2401:
191:
1823:
964:, director of Yakar's Center for Social Concern in Jerusalem and member of the Israeli delegation to the United Nations
729:" posed by the growth of the Arab population, the law expanded the base group of those eligible to immigrate to Israel.
692:
719:
549:, is a hazard to the public health or security of the state, or has a criminal past that may endanger public welfare.
361:
1339:
648:
The Law of Return was amended in 1970 to extend the right of return to some non-Jews. Amendment number 2, 4a, states:
1687:
1145:
1105:
1756:
1548:
2794:
2789:
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2361:
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denominations—not secular—though Reform and Conservative conversions must take place outside the state, similar to
448:
2686:
965:
625:
402:
710:
definition in its definition of "who is a Jew", the Law of Return definition for citizenship eligibility is not
2652:
1226:
1171:
1112:
1083:
1079:
261:
240:
196:
90:
2226:
977:
Among Israeli Jews, continued Jewish immigration enjoys strong support. According to a 2016 poll conducted by
2497:
1490:
909:
The Law of Return is not the only way of acquiring citizenship. For example, non-Jews can become citizens by
750:
695:
are not eligible to immigrate under the Law of Return, even though they are still Jews according to halakha.
417:
230:
1094:
2720:
1604:
851:
201:
2521:
1533:
Ian Lustick, "Israel as a Non-Arab State: The Political Implications of Mass Immigration of Non-Jews,”
331:
828:, and that people who had become Messianic Jews were not therefore eligible for Aliyah under the law.
769:, an American mobster who was initially granted entry to Israel but was expelled two years later; and
489:. Section 1 of the Law of Return declares that "every Jew has the right to come to this country as an
2656:
2639:
1167:
218:
2207:
2152:
Christian Joppke & Zeev Rosenhek, "Contesting Ethnic Immigration: Germany and Israel Compared",
1574:
1391:
2746:
2609:
2493:
1009:
341:
298:
266:
223:
78:
2702:
2052:"Democratic Norms, Diasporas, and Israel's Law of Return, Alexander Yakobson and Amnon Rubinstein"
2133:
1178:
1072:
1013:
817:
486:
557:
2735:
604:
asserted that the law did not bestow a right but rather reaffirmed a right Jews already held:
19:
This article is about the right of return in Israel. For similar laws in other countries, see
2592:
2194:
1405:
Edelman, Martin (1998). "Who is an Israeli?: "Halakah" and Citizenship in the Jewish State".
1378:
1236:
855:
371:
1630:
2799:
1221:
1119:
680:
653:
a Jew, except for a person who has been a Jew and has voluntarily changed his/her religion.
441:
336:
235:
1994:
1519:[Everything on the Table, Including the Law of Return] (in Hebrew). Archived from
725:
A second explanation is that in order to increase immigration levels so as to offset the "
8:
2756:
2710:
2682:
2596:
2588:
2580:
1001:
930:, provide immigration privileges to individuals with ethnic ties to these countries (See
847:
795:
The granting of citizenship under the Law of Return does not prevent a person from being
665:
according to the Orthodox interpretation; having a Jewish mother or maternal grandmother.
351:
315:
68:
2715:
2576:
2395:
2275:
1861:
1659:
Beilin, Yossi (8 July 2018). "Boycott: Coming to terms with Arielle Gold" (in Hebrew).
1414:
1301:
1246:
951:
850:
rights criticize the Law of Return, which they compare with the Palestinian claim to a
840:
Critics claim that the Law of Return runs counter to the claims of a democratic state.
800:
726:
578:
366:
561:
Holocaust survivors arriving in Haifa in 1945, before the passage of the Law of Return
2619:
2565:
2549:
2541:
2385:
2031:
1473:
935:
821:
114:
1716:
48:
2784:
2678:
2331:
1241:
1026:
961:
672:
601:
510:
310:
293:
85:
2300:
1041:
are not allowed to visit their own relatives merely due to the fact that they are
894:
16:
1950 Israeli law granting Jews the right to immigrate and gain Israeli citizenship
2416:
2405:
2268:
2172:
2165:
2140:
2116:
2110:
International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination
2025:
1251:
931:
882:
781:
722:. These immigrants were very assimilated and had many non-Jewish family members.
494:
466:
434:
100:
73:
32:
20:
1879:"Israeli Practices towards the Palestinian People and the Question of Apartheid"
2751:
2464:
2451:
1448:
910:
898:
A stamp in a passport issuing holder Israeli citizenship based on Law of Return
835:
770:
703:
699:
684:
676:
662:
392:
123:
989:
2778:
1674:
1444:
1199:
758:
589:
481:, people with one or more Jewish grandparent, and their spouses the right to
288:
171:
156:
63:
2143:
Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America, August 20, 2004.
2545:
1660:
946:
866:
843:
825:
766:
762:
569:
Moroccan Jewish immigrants arriving in Israel under the Law of Return, 1954
546:
506:
502:
422:
346:
303:
176:
166:
151:
2410:
2305:
2186:
2083:
Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, "Acquisition of Israeli Nationality".
1748:
1546:
Eleonara Poltinnikova-Shifrin. "The Jewish State and the Law of Return."
1370:
997:
942:
796:
1418:
2741:
1911:"UN chief orders report accusing Israel of 'apartheid' pulled from web"
1213:
1086: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1022:
1005:
1004:, led to renewed calls amongst politicians to amend the Law of Return.
534:
181:
128:
2269:
Rebecca Anna Stoil, Mark Weiss and Matthew Wagner (9 September 2007).
2730:
1688:"Israeli Court Rules Jews for Jesus Cannot Automatically Be Citizens"
993:
978:
955:
530:
501:
movement's "credo" which called for the establishment of Israel as a
2362:"Israel Supreme Court: Ruling on Conversions to Judaism Done Abroad"
2249:"Israel's Jews and Arab minority further apart than ever, poll says"
1934:"Israel Refuses Citizenship for Gay Man Married to Jewish Immigrant"
1207:
1061:
565:
2222:
1034:
1030:
923:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
789:
774:
668:
Those with Jewish ancestry – having a Jewish father or grandfather.
633:
577:
North American immigrants arriving in Israel under the auspices of
133:
2301:"Interior Minister: I'll consider revoking neo-Nazis' citizenship"
1717:"Court applies Law of Return to Messianic Jews because of fathers"
624:
Follow-up legislation on immigration matters was contained in the
2666:
2572:
2447:
1272:"Israel :: Armistice and refugees – Encyclopædia Britannica"
1017:
927:
714:
either. Another explanation is the 1968 wave of immigration from
600:
In a declaration to the Knesset, the then Israeli prime minister
585:
514:
498:
283:
95:
2134:"From 'Ethnic Cleansing' to Casualty Count, Prof. Qumsiyeh Errs"
2670:
2584:
2474:
1038:
715:
482:
397:
387:
186:
40:
1631:"Law of Return to be revised – Israel Jewish Scene, Ynetnews"
596:"Every Jew has the right to come to this country as an oleh."
356:
276:
836:
Claims of discrimination in relation to Palestinian refugees
765:
and fled to Israel in an attempt to escape a life sentence;
573:
2514:
1042:
777:
activist convicted of involvement in a series of bombings.
478:
1470:
Conversion in Israel: Vision, Achievements, and Challenges
921:(CAMERA) argues that the Law of Return is consistent with
919:
Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America
1472:, The Israeli Institute for Democracy: Jerusalem, p. 135
1297:"This Week in History: Jewish right to aliya becomes law"
869:". The report was later withdrawn following controversy.
616:
610:
1965:"Ministry Grants Citizenship to Gay Spouse of Immigrant"
1824:"Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Law of Return"
477:) is an Israeli law, passed on 5 July 1950, which gives
2408: (archived November 27, 2005) by Amnon Rubenstein,
2392:
Democratic Norms, Diasporas, and Israel’s Law of Return
788:. The Supreme Court decided that "no one can regard an
954:, because of the discrimination Jews faced during the
545:
certificate may be denied if the person is engaged in
2527:
History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel
1852:
2166:
Apartheid? Israel is a democracy in which Arabs vote
2129:
2127:
2125:
1675:
The Definition of a Jew under Israel's Law of Return
1413:(3/4). Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs: 87–115.
1189:
657:
The law since 1970 applies to the following groups:
2220:G David Clayman. "The Law of Return Reconsidered."
1457:×”×ž× ×˘×“ היהודי בעידן של זהות גמישה: עמדות יהודי העולם
2446:
2298:
2238:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. 16 July 1995.
2027:Postwar Jewish Displacement and Rebirth: 1945–1967
2024:Ouzan, Françoise S.; Gerstenfeld, Manfred (2014).
863:UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
784:, born a Polish Jew and later a Catholic convert,
2508:Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism
2223:"The Law of Return Reconsidered by David Clayman"
2122:
811:
698:The 1970 amendment was induced by the debate on "
2776:
2388:– The text of the law and its various amendments
2023:
1597:
889:
584:The Law of Return was passed unanimously by the
2175:, by Benjamin Pogrund, Focus 40 (December 2005)
1652:
1605:"Aliyah to Israel Has Increased by 31% in 2021"
749:Section 2(b) of the Law of Return empowers the
1468:Yedidia Z. Stern & Netanel Fisher (2018),
2432:
524:would receive a certificate confirming their
442:
2184:
2178:
1368:
990:discovery of a violent Israeli Neo-Nazi cell
643:
1051:
614:] the State; this right build [
2439:
2425:
1398:
761:, an American Communist who spied for the
449:
435:
2294:
2292:
1995:"Right of Return Extended to Gay Couples"
1146:Learn how and when to remove this message
1000:, made up of teenage immigrants from the
872:
413:Demographic history of Palestine (region)
408:History of the Jews in the Land of Israel
2299:Roni Singer-Heruti (10 September 2007).
1294:
893:
744:
572:
564:
556:
2402:The problem is how to become an Israeli
2271:"Sheetrit may deport alleged neo-Nazis"
1459:), Jerusalem, p. 82 (note 207) (Hebrew)
1404:
86:Jews who remained in the Land of Israel
2777:
2289:
1975:from the original on 24 September 2015
1944:from the original on 24 September 2015
1658:
1628:
1575:"An Introduction to the Law of Return"
720:antisemitic campaign by the government
2420:
2262:
2119:, CERD/C/471/Add.2, 1 September 2005.
2005:from the original on 5 September 2017
1962:
1709:
1232:Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law
1172:Israeli Ministry of Religious Affairs
786:came before the Israeli Supreme court
539:Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law
2342:from the original on 23 October 2010
2313:from the original on 2 November 2007
2086:"Acquisition of Israeli Nationality"
1931:
1585:from the original on 15 January 2017
1549:"The Jewish State and Law of Return"
1350:from the original on 13 January 2017
1309:from the original on 8 December 2015
1288:
1084:adding citations to reliable sources
1055:
792:as belonging to the Jewish people".
2503:History of ancient Israel and Judah
2187:"Report on citizenship law: Israel"
2185:Harpaz, Yossi; Herzog, Ben (2018).
1963:Ahren, Raphael (2 September 2011).
1741:
1371:"Report on citizenship law: Israel"
1369:Herzog, Ben; Harpaz, Yossi (2018).
1295:Omer-Man, Michael (7 August 2011).
972:
470:
13:
2332:"Israel News – The Jerusalem Post"
1834:from the original on 28 March 2018
1328:Acquisition of Israeli Citizenship
741:grandchildren) and their spouses.
362:Ministry of Aliyah and Integration
14:
2816:
2379:
1855:"The Palestinian Right of Return"
799:back to another country under an
2701:
2608:
2372:from the original on 2016-03-03.
1921:from the original on 2017-03-17.
1804:from the original on 11 May 2008
1514:
1206:
1192:
1060:
1016:, which represent the religious
47:
2805:1950 in international relations
2354:
2324:
2241:
2229:from the original on 2009-05-30
2214:
2159:
2146:
2103:
2092:from the original on 2007-02-12
2077:
2068:
2044:
2017:
1987:
1956:
1925:
1903:
1871:
1846:
1816:
1786:
1774:
1759:from the original on 2008-04-20
1727:from the original on 2011-01-15
1698:from the original on 2008-05-23
1680:
1667:
1641:from the original on 2014-03-24
1622:
1567:
1555:from the original on 2007-03-08
1540:
1527:
1508:
1497:from the original on 2013-10-13
1483:
1407:Jewish Political Studies Review
1071:needs additional citations for
966:World Conference against Racism
945:, the concept of maintaining a
1462:
1438:
1425:
1362:
1332:
1321:
1264:
1227:Prevention of Infiltration Law
812:Followers of Messianic Judaism
806:
262:Revival of the Hebrew language
91:Homeland for the Jewish people
1:
2154:European Journal of Sociology
1853:Ali Abunimah; Hussein Ibish.
1517:"הכל על השולחן. גם חוק השבות"
1258:
890:Support for the Law of Return
693:converted to another religion
493:". In the Law of Return, the
2675:Exodus from the Muslim world
2644:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
1723:. The Jerusalem Post. 2008.
1629:Felter, Nurit (2009-02-23).
1579:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
1433:Constitutional law of Israel
1344:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
418:Historical Jewish population
7:
2630:Declaration of Independence
1932:Lior, Ilan (28 June 2011).
1185:
881:In 2014, Interior Minister
852:Palestinian right of return
272:Hebraization of place names
10:
2821:
2522:Timeline of Jewish history
552:
332:World Zionist Organization
18:
2708:
2699:
2615:
2606:
2484:
2458:
1491:"Law of Return 5710-1950"
1168:Chief Rabbinate of Israel
803:with that other country.
644:Jewish ancestry amendment
2747:Hof Aza Regional Council
2537:Modern Jewish settlement
1783:accessed 2 October 2006.
1052:Applicability of the law
1010:National Religious Party
342:Jewish Agency for Israel
267:Hebraization of surnames
2795:Israeli nationality law
2790:Israeli immigration law
1677:, 17 Sw L.J. 123 (1963)
1177:On March 31, 2005, the
988:In September 2007, the
905:Supporters argue that:
818:Supreme Court of Israel
626:Nationality Law of 1952
2736:Judea and Samaria Area
2687:Agriculture technology
2366:Jewish Virtual Library
2202:Cite journal requires
1537:, 53:3, 101–117, 1999.
1386:Cite journal requires
899:
873:Same-sex relationships
655:
581:
570:
562:
143:Aliyah in modern times
2657:Arab–Israeli alliance
2640:Arab–Israeli conflict
2498:History of the Levant
2064:on November 26, 2010.
2030:. Brill. p. 36.
1867:on September 6, 2001.
1755:. CBNnews.com. 2008.
1237:Israeli identity card
1179:Israeli Supreme Court
897:
856:ethnic discrimination
780:In 1962, the case of
745:Denial of citizenship
671:Converts to Judaism (
650:
576:
568:
560:
372:Am Yisrael Foundation
219:from the Soviet Union
192:from Muslim countries
2653:Iran–Israel conflict
2398:and Amnon Rubinstein
2338:. 13 November 2009.
1999:Israel National News
1983:– via Haaretz.
1222:Basic Laws of Israel
1080:improve this article
751:Minister of Interior
547:anti-Jewish activity
337:Jewish National Fund
2757:Status of Jerusalem
2716:Israeli settlements
2663:Society and economy
2597:Mandatory Palestine
2589:Balfour Declaration
1915:The Times of Israel
1535:Middle East Journal
1523:on 26 October 2010.
1002:former Soviet Union
848:Palestinian refugee
820:ruled in 1989 that
513:interpretations of
497:gave effect to the
487:Israeli citizenship
352:Mossad LeAliyah Bet
69:Gathering of Israel
2470:Independent Israel
2396:Alexander Yakobson
2276:The Jerusalem Post
2171:2006-10-12 at the
2139:2010-10-05 at the
2115:2007-06-30 at the
2001:. 12 August 2014.
1749:"Messianic Ruling"
1692:The New York Times
1302:The Jerusalem Post
1247:Politics of Israel
952:affirmative action
900:
846:and advocates for
801:extradition treaty
727:demographic threat
582:
571:
563:
541:. The right to an
483:relocate to Israel
246:from Latin America
162:during World War I
2772:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2725:International law
2693:
2692:
2679:Development towns
2659:
2626:UN Partition Plan
2562:
2561:
2550:Culture of Israel
2542:History of Israel
2515:The Jewish people
2386:The Law of Return
2037:978-90-04-27777-9
1478:978-965-519-217-9
1156:
1155:
1148:
1130:
936:Repatriation laws
822:Messianic Judaism
507:considered Jewish
459:
458:
115:Pre-Modern Aliyah
2812:
2705:
2697:
2696:
2647:
2612:
2604:
2603:
2593:Mandate document
2482:
2481:
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2120:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2057:. Archived from
2056:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1891:on 16 March 2017
1890:
1884:. Archived from
1883:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1860:. Archived from
1859:
1850:
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1843:
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1839:
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1811:
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1647:
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1637:. Ynetnews.com.
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1615:
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1595:
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1560:
1551:. January 2002.
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1254:(Brother Daniel)
1242:Israeli passport
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1197:
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1151:
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1140:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1088:
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1027:United Arab List
973:Debate in Israel
962:Benjamin Pogrund
861:A report by the
826:another religion
602:David Ben-Gurion
472:
451:
444:
437:
311:Development town
294:One Million Plan
51:
28:
27:
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2406:Wayback Machine
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2251:. 10 March 2018
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1340:"Law of Return"
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1095:"Law of Return"
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932:Right of return
892:
875:
838:
814:
809:
782:Oswald Rufeisen
747:
718:, following an
685:civil marriages
646:
592:. It declared:
579:Nefesh B'Nefesh
555:
495:State of Israel
455:
403:Jewish refugees
367:Nefesh B'Nefesh
299:Immigrant camps
101:Jewish question
24:
21:Right of return
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2380:External links
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1694:. 1989-12-27.
1679:
1673:Yabuda Savir,
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1515:Ilan, Shahar.
1507:
1493:. Mfa.gov.il.
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1445:Rosner, Shmuel
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773:, an American
771:Victor Vancier
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704:Nuremberg Laws
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1798:reliefweb.int
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1663:. p. 31.
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1069:This section
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700:who is a Jew?
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2496: /
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