40:
62:
188:
432:
has emerged due to its potential to be a newfound source for antibiotics. The common method is indoor tank culture, utilizing an excised apical tip from a thalli sample. Initial trials have confirmed its viability for culture providing opportunities for personnel with little to no experience in algae
308:
is a small to medium-sized red algae which may appear to be iridescent with thalli reaching up to 40 cm. Thalli can be branching, which can either be bilateral or spread in all directions. Its appendages can be rhizoidal or discoidal in appearance on stoloniferous holdfasts. Branch shape appears
404:
grows throughout the year, with spermatangial individuals appearing from early August to late
September while cystocarpic ones appear from mid-August to late October. From July to October, mature tetrasporangial plants appear. Gametophytic individuals are dioecious in nature, typically developed on
256:
in Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. vol.20 on page 130 in 1813. It included an initial description of eight species which then subsequently underwent taxonomic revisions. The genus belongs to order
Ceramiales reported to have 137 species, with a rich body of knowledge spanning for more than 50 years of
491:
as food, medicinal products, fertilizers, and from recent research, an abundant source of pharmacological significance. The commercialization of the species may require further research in order to optimize culture conditions and eventually, harvest greater yield and develop a more systematic
4470:
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2018). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National
University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Laurencia J.V.Lamouroux, 1813. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at:
342:
can be found all over the world, in particular in tropical and subtropical regions with warmer waters. Its habitats range from tide pools, reef flats, mud flats, and a variety of hard substrates (e.g. rocks, corals), within intertidal and subtidal zones up to 65 m. It is also described as
263:
belongs to the family
Rhodomelaceae which is considered to be one of the largest marine red algae family, estimated to have 125 genera and 700 species all over the world. In Laurenciae, a tribe consisting of eight genera, have a taxonomic group called
3744:
433:
cultivation. The cost of production is relatively low, with maintenance costs at its core. Small-scale operations may be profitable in maximizing algae production, however more studies are needed to evaluate these conditions.
365:
has numerous ecological roles, serving as refuge for different marine organisms in areas where they grow abundantly, forming forests. They are also hosts of various mircoorganisms and parasitic algae, known as
384:
are somewhat inconsistent showing its adaptability in Indian Ocean but markedly showed a decrease in biomass in polluted areas in the
Mediterranean. Space within the environment is also a necessity for
2462:
3193:
3018:
507:, includes 137 taxonomically accepted species as of 2018, and differentiates these from a further ~375 entries of uncertain taxonomic status; it further delineates homotypic or heterotypic
2039:
2354:
1439:
2483:
2393:
2321:
2269:
2338:
2170:
2426:
2409:
2371:
2286:
2236:
1685:
2658:
3247:
1858:
1191:
722:
2253:
588:
2207:
1051:
1008:
2779:
2571:
2308:
1579:
1458:
1314:
769:
444:
species are known to have several natural products exhibiting numerous biological activities such as chemical defense against grazers, anti-fouling chemical affecting
3064:
2967:
2559:
1819:
1631:
1536:
1155:
686:
3077:
2891:
2687:
2666:
2653:
2446:
2063:
1891:
1789:
1705:
1028:
973:
961:
948:
872:
830:
756:
730:
3442:
3412:
3309:
3255:
3111:
3090:
3051:
2787:
2730:
2533:
2120:
1993:
1964:
1934:
1618:
1378:
1302:
1199:
1181:
1168:
1139:
1114:
1076:
1015:
889:
786:
699:
618:
601:
565:
48:
408:
Male gametophytes contain spermatangia on trichoblast while female gametophytes contain carpogonia, representing the haploid phase. Two diploid phases occur in
3425:
3237:
3224:
3212:
3185:
3142:
3129:
2916:
2852:
2804:
2743:
2520:
2145:
2076:
1772:
1755:
1518:
1422:
1396:
1285:
1272:
1216:
1045:
817:
804:
743:
712:
655:
535:
3906:"New Natural Product Isolation and Comparison of the Secondary Metabolite Content of Three Distinct Samples of the Sea Hare Aplysia dactylomela from Tenerife"
3535:
3363:
3351:
3321:
3272:
3155:
3038:
2756:
2614:
2189:
2006:
1947:
1718:
1605:
1544:
1483:
1409:
1366:
1349:
1259:
1126:
1101:
1063:
1003:
935:
923:
914:
902:
842:
642:
1828:
1488:
3485:
3472:
3338:
3006:
2988:
2834:
2817:
2601:
2507:
2158:
1981:
1921:
1866:
1562:
1531:
1496:
1470:
1088:
1081:
571:
529:
523:
3953:"Impact of discharge of soda ash industry effluent on abundance and community structure of rocky intertidal macroalgae of the Arabian Sea, Gujarat, India"
3828:"Ecological and behavioral studies of the decorator crab, Microphrys bicornutus Latreille (Decapoda : Brachyura): A test of optimum foraging theory"
3464:
3455:
3399:
3381:
3296:
3103:
2950:
2904:
2700:
2640:
2627:
2546:
1904:
1806:
1656:
1246:
990:
855:
553:
319:
complex. Molecular studies using rbcL (RuBisCO, Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate
Carboxylase Oxygenase, Large chain) have uncovered evidences which divided the
3172:
2933:
2878:
2865:
2769:
2584:
2215:
2107:
2028:
2019:
1743:
1673:
1592:
1233:
547:
3460:
3264:
2994:
1879:
1731:
1695:
1678:
1327:
1037:
877:
673:
4374:
3260:
2883:
2202:
2089:
2024:
1844:
1033:
881:
864:
452:
is known to be an abundant source of halogenated metabolites, including a variety of terpenes (e.g. sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, and C
4710:
2538:
2112:
1794:
1764:
809:
774:
274:
3692:
Harizani, Maria; Ioannou, Efstathia; Roussis, Vassilios (2016), Kinghorn, A. Douglas; Falk, Heinz; Gibbons, Simon; Kobayashi, Jun'ichi (eds.),
3404:
3301:
2959:
2921:
2705:
2679:
2512:
2279:
2263:
2194:
1896:
1597:
1160:
1068:
778:
606:
278:
4749:
1836:
4240:
Suzuki; Vairappan. "Halogenated secondary metabolites from
Japanese species of the red algal genus Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales)".
2675:
2525:
2386:
1748:
1736:
1414:
1148:
1144:
860:
627:
623:
593:
3281:
3277:
3177:
3134:
2761:
2331:
2246:
2137:
2068:
2049:
2011:
1824:
1798:
1640:
1636:
1584:
1449:
1354:
940:
2998:
2671:
1523:
1358:
927:
286:
3982:
Kuffner, Ilsa B.; Walters, Linda J.; Becerro, Mikel A.; Paul, Valerie J.; Ritson-Williams, Raphael; Beach, Kevin S. (5 October 2006).
3289:
3285:
3203:
3147:
3099:
2980:
2955:
2942:
2133:
2129:
2053:
1850:
1832:
1710:
1648:
1644:
293:
4684:
4650:
2125:
704:
487:
has been subject to numerous research mainly attributed to both environmental and genetic factors. For years, humans have utilized
467:
seeing how these may indicate similarities in morphology but differences in chemical content subject to geographical distribution.
3700:, Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 102, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 91–252,
4723:
1760:
309:
to be flat or cylindrical in morphology. Branchlets may be slightly rigid with a shape that may be blunt, truncate or claviform.
4303:
4138:
Da Gama, Bernardo A P; Pereira, Renato C; Soares, Angélica R; Teixeira, Valéria L; Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie (1 January 2003).
3596:
4193:
Da Gama, Bernardo A P; Pereira, Renato C; Carvalho, Ana G V; Coutinho, Ricardo; Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie (1 January 2002).
4114:
4048:"Photosynthesis and growth rates of Laurencia brongniartii J. Agardh (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) in preparation for cultivation"
3713:
3644:
373:
As producers, they are also fed on by some grazers such as crabs, queen conch, and sea hares despite its chemical deterrent.
4728:
2809:
2792:
1970:
907:
661:
4645:
4501:
4455:
4420:
315:
has shown high diversity as a genus, with species having distinct features that can easily be determined within the
4795:
3551:
579:
4754:
3531:
3435:
2735:
2723:
2225:
1884:
1723:
1208:
253:
133:
4140:"Is the Mussel Test a good Indicator of Antifouling Activity? A Comparison Between Laboratory and Field Assays"
3781:"Development of Janczewskia Morimotoi (ceramiales) on Its Host Laurencia Nipponica (ceramiales, Rhodophyceae)1"
4346:
4736:
3780:
2032:
3495:
3447:
3373:
3056:
2909:
2844:
2840:
2827:
2823:
2796:
2551:
2419:
2081:
1998:
1986:
1974:
1554:
1550:
1475:
1371:
1264:
1238:
1226:
1222:
1173:
1119:
1055:
966:
822:
796:
792:
2925:
735:
610:
380:
is significantly affected by changes in nutrient availability and temperature. The effects of pollution in
4257:"The need for standardised broad scale bioassay testing: A case study using the red alga Laurencia rigida"
348:
Cladophora, Chaetomorpha, Dictyota, Gelidium, Ceramium, Caloglossa, Catenella, Polysiphonia, Acanthophora,
4624:
4619:
4596:
2594:
4304:"Halogenated chamigranes of red alga Laurencia snackeyi (Weber-van Bosse) Masuda from Sulu-Sulawesi Sea"
4094:
241:
is in honour of Louis Jean de La
Laurencie (1768-1829), who was a French Naval officer, Director of the
748:
249:
416:
undergoes three phases in its life cycle: one haploid phase and two diploid phases, consistent to the
61:
4828:
4800:
4764:
2976:
2590:
2221:
919:
4472:
3765:
3867:"Trophic Biology of Strombus Gigas in Nursery Habitats: Diets and Food Sources in Seagrass Meadows"
3745:"STUDIES ON JAPANESE SPECIES OF LAURENCIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY"
3326:
3121:
2692:
2576:
2564:
2493:
2472:
2451:
1952:
1909:
1777:
1661:
1290:
1093:
978:
393:
tends to inhibit coral larvae dispersal resulting to higher mortality when the algae is present.
4588:
199:
4823:
4536:
3584:
3330:
2719:
2497:
2476:
2455:
1956:
1913:
1781:
1665:
1294:
1204:
1187:
982:
4715:
172:
4255:
De Nys, R; Leya, T; Maximilien, R; Afsar, A; Nair, P S R; Steinberg, P D (1 September 1996).
3752:
2713:
559:
242:
4787:
4777:
4658:
3995:
3164:
3160:
2364:
2099:
1623:
1571:
1567:
1510:
1388:
1341:
1337:
894:
691:
665:
3417:
3391:
3069:
2748:
2645:
1020:
953:
8:
4574:
4063:
3043:
2180:
995:
647:
39:
4676:
3999:
3983:
4222:
4175:
4120:
4075:
3808:
3796:
3650:
3369:
3356:
3343:
3314:
3229:
3117:
2972:
2938:
2870:
2632:
2403:
2382:
2301:
2297:
2163:
2095:
1502:
1463:
1428:
1333:
1319:
1307:
1277:
1131:
1106:
835:
761:
718:
634:
508:
56:
20:
3827:
4772:
4632:
4497:
4451:
4416:
4323:
4284:
4276:
4214:
4167:
4159:
4124:
4110:
4067:
4047:
4023:
3964:
3933:
3925:
3886:
3847:
3843:
3800:
3719:
3709:
3654:
3640:
541:
4226:
4179:
4079:
3952:
3812:
3631:(in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin.
3387:
412:: one with carpogonia and carpospore and the other, with tetrasporangia. Therefore,
4315:
4268:
4206:
4151:
4102:
4059:
4013:
4003:
3917:
3878:
3839:
3792:
3701:
3632:
3217:
1432:
1401:
4637:
4601:
4496:. New York, NY, USA: Springer Science & Business. pp. 30–65, esp. 62–64.
4415:. New York, NY, USA: Springer Science & Business. pp. 30–65, esp. 62–64.
4489:
4408:
1939:
96:
4741:
4155:
3705:
343:"turf-forming" wherein it can cover a majority of hard substrate in some areas.
4559:
3538:[Essay on the Genera of the Family of Non-Articulated Thalassiophytes]
3095:
3082:
3028:
3011:
2896:
2857:
1926:
1871:
1811:
1610:
1251:
76:
4319:
4272:
4210:
4139:
4106:
3882:
3693:
222:
4817:
4327:
4280:
4218:
4163:
4071:
4027:
3968:
3929:
3890:
3851:
3804:
3491:
3243:
2775:
2436:
2348:
1854:
1506:
1384:
168:
116:
4518:
Papenfuss, G.F. (1947). "Generic names of algae proposed for conservation".
4256:
4194:
4288:
4171:
3937:
3723:
2606:
2231:
2150:
519:
4611:
3866:
4697:
4568:
4446:
Maggs, C.A.; Hommersand, M.H. (1993). "Rhodophyta, Part 3A: Ceramiales".
3904:
Wessels, Matthias; König, Gabriele M.; Wright, Anthony D. (1 July 2000).
3431:
4018:
3636:
187:
4689:
4008:
3536:"Essai sur les genres de la famille des thalassiophytes non articulées"
3477:
2619:
847:
678:
226:
106:
4702:
4046:
Nishihara, Gregory N.; Terada, Ryuta; Noro, Tadahide (1 August 2004).
3921:
3618:
463:
may be a potential species to evaluate new chemical races, similar to
4671:
4583:
500:
164:
86:
4530:
3905:
4553:
282:
346:
In
Myanmar, it can be found growing together with some species of
4473:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=143914
3984:"Inhibition of coral recruitment by macroalgae and cyanobacteria"
4302:
Tan, Kai Lee; Matsunaga, Shigeki; Vairappan, Charles S. (2011).
3512:
475:
A total of 1047 secondary metabolites have been extracted from
405:
the branchlets, but can be present in the main branch as well.
245:
and also a friend of the author, Jean
Vincent Félix Lamouroux.
4192:
4663:
160:
4195:"The Effects of Seaweed Secondary Metabolites on Biofouling"
4137:
3694:"The Laurencia Paradox: An Endless Source of Chemodiversity"
4445:
4254:
3981:
3698:
Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 102
539:(New Zealand). Species seen in the British Isles include
3582:
483:
species since 2015. The diverse chemical composition of
3865:
STONER, ALLAN W.; WAITE, JANICE M. (1 November 1991).
3691:
448:
attachment, and anti-fouling activities. In addition,
4301:
4095:"Chapter 1. Seaweed Chemical Defenses on Coral Reefs"
503:, a database with detailed information on species of
167:
that grow in temperate and tropical shore areas, in
4045:
175:habitats, at depths up to 65 m (213 ft).
4487:
4406:
3903:
3832:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
4815:
4450:. Vol. 1. London, ENG: Pelagic Publishing.
3826:Kilar, John A.; Lou, Robin M. (1 January 1984).
4517:
3620:Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen
423:
272:sensu lato which includes six of eight genera,
3544:Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris
470:
4101:. Cornell University Press. pp. 24–50.
3950:
232:
4239:
4099:Ecological Roles of Marine Natural Products
3951:Jadeja, R. N.; Tewari, A. (February 2011).
3864:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3572:
4441:
4439:
4369:
4367:
38:
4402:
4400:
4017:
4007:
3616:
3550:: 21–47, 115–139, 267–293. Archived from
3522:
582:lists the following species as accepted:
428:A growing interest in the cultivation of
3825:
3778:
3569:
3524:
229:, whorled or radial branch arrangement.
221:species have a thallus that is erect or
4436:
4364:
4341:
4339:
4337:
436:
4816:
4397:
4535:
4534:
4464:
4041:
4039:
4037:
3957:Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences
3742:
327:which shares similar morphology with
4765:aed3128f-1c44-4a67-a7fb-1b860f103784
4334:
4092:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3625:Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names
182:
4308:Biochemical Systematics and Ecology
3583:Guiry, M. D.; Guiry, G. M. (2016).
331:but has a different rbcL sequence.
13:
4481:
4064:10.1023/B:JAPH.0000047790.59265.fb
4034:
3797:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1979.tb02979.x
14:
4840:
4494:A Student's Guide to the Seashore
4413:A Student's Guide to the Seashore
3668:
4242:Current Topics in PhytoChemistry
4093:Paul, Valerie J. (15 May 2019).
3589:J.V.Lamouroux, 1813, nom. cons."
3530:
580:World Register of Marine Species
186:
60:
4295:
4248:
4233:
4186:
4131:
4086:
3975:
3944:
396:
334:
3988:Marine Ecology Progress Series
3897:
3858:
3819:
3772:
3736:
3610:
3597:National University of Ireland
323:complex, identiying the genus
178:
1:
4488:Fish, J.D.; Fish, S. (2012).
4448:Seaweeds of the British Isles
4407:Fish, J.D.; Fish, S. (2012).
3518:
514:Commonly observed species of
300:
4052:Journal of Applied Phycology
3871:Journal of Molluscan Studies
3844:10.1016/0022-0981(84)90083-2
3779:Nonomura, Arthur M. (1979).
424:Cultivation and Exploitation
254:Jean Vincent Félix Lamouroux
7:
4156:10.1080/0892701031000089534
3910:Journal of Natural Products
3706:10.1007/978-3-319-33172-0_2
589:Laurencia aguilar-rosasorum
389:survival. In field trials,
10:
4845:
3515:due to its peppery taste.
3511:is used as a condiment in
495:
471:Utilization and Management
357:
18:
4543:
4320:10.1016/j.bse.2010.09.017
4273:10.1080/08927019609386281
4211:10.1080/08927010290017680
4107:10.7591/9781501737435-005
3617:Burkhardt, Lotte (2022).
233:Taxonomy and Nomenclature
145:
140:
57:Scientific classification
55:
46:
37:
30:
2572:Laurencia oppositocladia
1580:Laurencia griseaviolacea
1459:Laurencia flagelliformis
1315:Laurencia distichophylla
770:Laurencia caduciramulosa
420:triphasic life history.
3883:10.1093/mollus/57.4.451
3503:
3065:Laurencia subcolumnaris
2968:Laurencia singaporensis
2560:Laurencia oppositoclada
1820:Laurencia laurahuertana
1632:Laurencia hongkongensis
1156:Laurencia crustiformans
687:Laurencia botrychioides
3760:Cite journal requires
3743:Saito, Yuzuru (1967).
3078:Laurencia subcorymbosa
2892:Laurencia scrippsensis
2688:Laurencia peninsularis
2667:Laurencia peninsularis
2654:Laurencia patentissima
2485:Laurencia obtusiuscula
2464:Laurencia obtusiuscula
2447:Laurencia obtusiuscula
2064:Laurencia moretonensis
1892:Laurencia mariannensis
1790:Laurencia lageniformis
1706:Laurencia intercalaris
1029:Laurencia coelenterata
974:Laurencia clarionensis
962:Laurencia cladonioides
949:Laurencia chondrioides
873:Laurencia catarinensis
831:Laurencia canaliculata
757:Laurencia brongniartii
731:Laurencia brachyclados
430:Laurencia brongniartii
3443:Laurencia vieillardii
3413:Laurencia verruculosa
3310:Laurencia tuberculosa
3256:Laurencia translucida
3112:Laurencia subopposita
3091:Laurencia subdisticha
3052:Laurencia spinulifera
2810:Bory de Saint-Vincent
2793:Bory de Saint-Vincent
2788:Laurencia pyramidalis
2731:Laurencia pistillaris
2714:Laurencia pinnatifida
2534:Laurencia omaezakiana
2121:Laurencia nanhaiensis
1994:Laurencia microcladia
1965:Laurencia melanothrix
1935:Laurencia mcdermidiae
1619:Laurencia heteroclada
1379:Laurencia fasciculata
1303:Laurencia depauperata
1200:Laurencia cyanosperma
1182:Laurencia cyanosperma
1169:Laurencia cryptoclada
1140:Laurencia crassifrons
1115:Laurencia corymbifera
1077:Laurencia condaoensis
1016:Laurencia claviformis
908:Bory de Saint-Vincent
890:Laurencia cervicornis
787:Laurencia californica
700:Laurencia botryocarpa
662:Bory de Saint-Vincent
619:Laurencia alsidioides
602:Laurencia aldingensis
566:Laurencia pyramidalis
560:Laurencia pinnatifida
243:University of Limoges
49:Laurencia microcladia
4347:"Laurencia nidifica"
3785:Journal of Phycology
3426:Laurencia versicolor
3238:Laurencia thyrsoides
3225:Laurencia thyrsifera
3213:Laurencia thrysoidea
3195:Laurencia tenuissima
3186:Laurencia tenuissima
3143:Laurencia succulenta
3130:Laurencia subsimplex
2917:Laurencia shepherdii
2853:Laurencia richardsii
2805:Laurencia pyramidata
2744:Laurencia platyclada
2521:Laurencia oliveirana
2146:Laurencia natalensis
2077:Laurencia multiflora
1773:Laurencia johnstonii
1756:Laurencia japonensis
1519:Laurencia galtsoffii
1441:Laurencia filiformis
1423:Laurencia filiformis
1397:Laurencia fastigiata
1286:Laurencia densissima
1273:Laurencia dendroidea
1217:Laurencia cylindrica
1046:Laurencia complanata
818:Laurencia calliptera
805:Laurencia calliclada
744:Laurencia brasiliana
713:Laurencia botryoides
656:Laurencia batracopus
536:Laurencia thyrsifera
518:include the shallow
492:cultivation system.
437:Chemical Composition
19:For the ballet, see
4000:2006MEPS..323..107K
3637:10.3372/epolist2022
3364:Laurencia usneoides
3352:Laurencia urceolata
3322:Laurencia turbinata
3273:Laurencia tristicha
3156:Laurencia tasmanica
3039:Laurencia spicifera
2757:Laurencia ptychodes
2615:Laurencia paitensis
2190:Laurencia nipponica
2007:Laurencia minuscula
1948:Laurencia mediocris
1719:Laurencia intricata
1606:Laurencia hancockii
1545:Laurencia glomerata
1484:Laurencia foldatsii
1410:Laurencia fenicalli
1367:Laurencia ericoides
1350:Laurencia epiphylla
1260:Laurencia decumbens
1127:Laurencia corymbosa
1102:Laurencia coronopus
1064:Laurencia composita
1004:Laurencia clavifera
936:Laurencia chinensis
915:Laurencia chilensis
903:Laurencia chauvinii
843:Laurencia caraibica
643:Laurencia arbuscula
4009:10.3354/meps323107
3509:Laurencia nidifica
3486:Laurencia wrightii
3473:Laurencia voragina
3339:Laurencia uncinata
3020:Laurencia snyderae
3007:Laurencia snyderae
2989:Laurencia snackeyi
2835:Laurencia radicans
2818:Laurencia pyrifera
2602:Laurencia pacifica
2508:Laurencia okamurae
2172:Laurencia nidifica
2159:Laurencia nidifica
1982:Laurencia mexicana
1922:Laurencia maxineae
1867:Laurencia ligulata
1563:Laurencia gracilis
1532:Laurencia gardneri
1497:Laurencia forsteri
1471:Laurencia flexuosa
1089:Laurencia congesta
635:species inquirenda
572:Laurencia truncata
533:(California), and
530:Laurencia pacifica
524:Laurencia nidifica
237:The genus name of
198:. You can help by
21:Laurencia (ballet)
4811:
4810:
4773:Open Tree of Life
4537:Taxon identifiers
4150:(sup1): 161–169.
4116:978-1-5017-3743-5
3922:10.1021/np9905721
3715:978-3-319-33172-0
3646:978-3-946292-41-8
3532:Lamouroux, J.V.F.
3498:
3481:
3468:
3456:Laurencia viridis
3451:
3438:
3421:
3408:
3400:Laurencia venusta
3395:
3382:Laurencia uvifera
3377:
3359:
3347:
3334:
3317:
3305:
3297:Laurencia tropica
3292:
3268:
3251:
3233:
3220:
3206:
3190:
3181:
3168:
3151:
3138:
3125:
3107:
3086:
3073:
3060:
3047:
3032:
3015:
3002:
2984:
2963:
2951:Laurencia similis
2946:
2929:
2912:
2905:Laurencia setacea
2900:
2887:
2874:
2861:
2848:
2830:
2813:
2800:
2783:
2765:
2752:
2739:
2726:
2709:
2701:Laurencia pinnata
2696:
2683:
2662:
2649:
2641:Laurencia parvula
2636:
2628:Laurencia pannosa
2623:
2610:
2597:
2580:
2567:
2555:
2547:Laurencia oophora
2542:
2529:
2516:
2501:
2480:
2459:
2440:
2423:
2406:
2390:
2368:
2351:
2335:
2318:
2305:
2283:
2266:
2250:
2229:
2211:
2198:
2183:
2167:
2154:
2141:
2116:
2103:
2085:
2072:
2057:
2036:
2015:
2002:
1989:
1977:
1960:
1943:
1930:
1917:
1905:Laurencia masonii
1900:
1887:
1875:
1862:
1840:
1815:
1807:Laurencia lajolla
1802:
1785:
1768:
1751:
1739:
1727:
1714:
1699:
1682:
1669:
1657:Laurencia humilis
1652:
1627:
1614:
1601:
1588:
1575:
1558:
1540:
1527:
1514:
1492:
1479:
1466:
1452:
1436:
1418:
1405:
1392:
1374:
1362:
1345:
1323:
1310:
1298:
1281:
1268:
1255:
1247:Laurencia decidua
1242:
1229:
1212:
1195:
1177:
1164:
1151:
1135:
1122:
1110:
1097:
1084:
1072:
1059:
1041:
1024:
1011:
999:
991:Laurencia clavata
986:
969:
957:
944:
931:
910:
898:
885:
868:
856:Laurencia caspica
851:
838:
826:
813:
800:
782:
765:
752:
739:
726:
708:
695:
682:
669:
651:
631:
614:
597:
554:Laurencia osmunda
542:Laurencia hybrida
266:Laurencia complex
216:
215:
152:
151:
136:
4836:
4829:Red algae genera
4804:
4803:
4791:
4790:
4781:
4780:
4768:
4767:
4758:
4757:
4745:
4744:
4742:NHMSYS0021059934
4732:
4731:
4719:
4718:
4706:
4705:
4693:
4692:
4680:
4679:
4667:
4666:
4654:
4653:
4641:
4640:
4628:
4627:
4615:
4614:
4605:
4604:
4592:
4591:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4476:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4443:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4404:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4371:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4343:
4332:
4331:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4267:(1–3): 213–224.
4252:
4246:
4245:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4043:
4032:
4031:
4021:
4011:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3758:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3689:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3630:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3580:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3556:
3541:
3528:
3489:
3476:
3459:
3446:
3429:
3416:
3403:
3385:
3367:
3355:
3342:
3325:
3313:
3300:
3276:
3259:
3241:
3228:
3216:
3202:
3189:
3176:
3173:Laurencia tenera
3159:
3146:
3133:
3115:
3094:
3081:
3068:
3055:
3042:
3027:
3010:
2992:
2971:
2954:
2937:
2934:Laurencia silvae
2920:
2908:
2895:
2882:
2879:Laurencia saitoi
2869:
2866:Laurencia rigida
2856:
2838:
2821:
2808:
2791:
2773:
2770:Laurencia pumila
2760:
2747:
2734:
2717:
2704:
2691:
2670:
2657:
2644:
2631:
2618:
2605:
2588:
2585:Laurencia ovalis
2575:
2563:
2550:
2537:
2524:
2511:
2492:
2471:
2450:
2435:
2428:Laurencia obtusa
2418:
2411:Laurencia obtusa
2402:
2395:Laurencia obtusa
2380:
2373:Laurencia obtusa
2363:
2356:Laurencia obtusa
2347:
2340:Laurencia obtusa
2330:
2323:Laurencia obtusa
2317:
2310:Laurencia obtusa
2295:
2288:Laurencia obtusa
2278:
2271:Laurencia obtusa
2262:
2255:Laurencia obtusa
2245:
2238:Laurencia obtusa
2219:
2216:Laurencia obtusa
2206:
2193:
2179:
2162:
2149:
2124:
2111:
2108:Laurencia nangii
2093:
2080:
2067:
2048:
2041:Laurencia minuta
2023:
2020:Laurencia minuta
2010:
1997:
1985:
1968:
1951:
1938:
1925:
1908:
1895:
1883:
1870:
1848:
1829:Mendoza-González
1823:
1810:
1793:
1776:
1759:
1747:
1744:Laurencia irieii
1735:
1722:
1709:
1694:
1687:Laurencia indica
1677:
1674:Laurencia indica
1660:
1635:
1622:
1609:
1596:
1593:Laurencia hamata
1583:
1566:
1548:
1535:
1522:
1500:
1489:N.Rodríguez Rios
1487:
1474:
1462:
1448:
1426:
1413:
1400:
1382:
1370:
1353:
1331:
1318:
1306:
1289:
1276:
1263:
1250:
1237:
1234:Laurencia cymosa
1220:
1203:
1185:
1172:
1159:
1143:
1130:
1118:
1105:
1092:
1080:
1067:
1049:
1032:
1019:
1007:
994:
977:
965:
952:
939:
918:
906:
893:
876:
859:
846:
834:
821:
808:
790:
773:
760:
747:
734:
716:
703:
690:
677:
659:
646:
622:
605:
592:
548:Laurencia obtusa
211:
208:
190:
183:
132:
65:
64:
42:
28:
27:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4799:
4794:
4786:
4784:
4776:
4771:
4763:
4761:
4753:
4748:
4740:
4735:
4727:
4722:
4714:
4709:
4701:
4696:
4688:
4683:
4675:
4670:
4662:
4657:
4649:
4644:
4636:
4631:
4623:
4618:
4610:
4608:
4600:
4595:
4587:
4582:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4539:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4484:
4482:Further reading
4479:
4469:
4465:
4458:
4444:
4437:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4405:
4398:
4388:
4386:
4383:inaturalist.org
4375:"Observations:
4373:
4372:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4345:
4344:
4335:
4314:(39): 213–215.
4300:
4296:
4253:
4249:
4238:
4234:
4191:
4187:
4136:
4132:
4117:
4091:
4087:
4044:
4035:
3980:
3976:
3949:
3945:
3902:
3898:
3863:
3859:
3824:
3820:
3777:
3773:
3761:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3728:
3726:
3716:
3690:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3647:
3628:
3615:
3611:
3601:
3599:
3595:. Galway, IRL:
3581:
3570:
3560:
3558:
3557:on 25 June 2016
3554:
3539:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3506:
3501:
3265:Cordeiro-Marina
2995:Weber-van Bosse
1880:Laurencia lutea
1732:Laurencia iriei
1328:Laurencia elata
878:Cordeiro-Marino
674:Laurencia boryi
498:
473:
455:
439:
426:
399:
360:
337:
303:
235:
212:
206:
203:
196:needs expansion
181:
134:J. V. Lamouroux
131:
97:Florideophyceae
59:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4842:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4792:
4782:
4769:
4759:
4746:
4733:
4720:
4707:
4694:
4681:
4668:
4655:
4642:
4629:
4616:
4606:
4593:
4580:
4565:
4549:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4529:
4528:
4515:
4503:978-9401158886
4502:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4463:
4457:978-0113100453
4456:
4435:
4422:978-9401158886
4421:
4396:
4363:
4351:www.hawaii.edu
4333:
4294:
4247:
4232:
4185:
4130:
4115:
4085:
4058:(4): 303–308.
4033:
3974:
3943:
3916:(7): 920–928.
3896:
3877:(4): 451–460.
3857:
3838:(2): 157–167.
3818:
3791:(2): 154–162.
3771:
3762:|journal=
3735:
3714:
3667:
3645:
3609:
3568:
3520:
3517:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3482:
3469:
3452:
3439:
3422:
3409:
3396:
3378:
3360:
3348:
3335:
3318:
3306:
3293:
3269:
3252:
3234:
3221:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3182:
3169:
3152:
3139:
3126:
3108:
3087:
3074:
3061:
3048:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3003:
2985:
2964:
2947:
2930:
2913:
2901:
2888:
2884:L.P.Perestenko
2875:
2862:
2849:
2831:
2814:
2801:
2784:
2766:
2753:
2740:
2727:
2710:
2697:
2684:
2663:
2650:
2637:
2624:
2611:
2598:
2581:
2568:
2556:
2543:
2530:
2517:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2481:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2424:
2407:
2391:
2369:
2352:
2336:
2319:
2306:
2284:
2267:
2251:
2212:
2203:Laurencia nuda
2199:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2155:
2142:
2117:
2104:
2090:Laurencia nana
2086:
2073:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2025:H.Vandermeulen
2016:
2003:
1990:
1978:
1961:
1944:
1931:
1918:
1901:
1888:
1876:
1863:
1845:Laurencia laxa
1841:
1816:
1803:
1786:
1769:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1715:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1670:
1653:
1628:
1615:
1602:
1589:
1576:
1559:
1541:
1528:
1515:
1493:
1480:
1467:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1419:
1406:
1393:
1375:
1363:
1346:
1324:
1311:
1299:
1282:
1269:
1256:
1243:
1230:
1213:
1196:
1178:
1165:
1152:
1136:
1123:
1111:
1098:
1085:
1073:
1060:
1042:
1034:D.L.Ballantine
1025:
1012:
1000:
987:
970:
958:
945:
932:
911:
899:
886:
869:
865:Zaberzhinskaya
852:
839:
827:
814:
801:
783:
766:
753:
740:
727:
709:
696:
683:
670:
652:
639:
615:
598:
584:
497:
494:
472:
469:
456:acetogenins).
453:
438:
435:
425:
422:
398:
395:
376:The growth of
359:
356:
336:
333:
302:
299:
248:The genus was
234:
231:
214:
213:
193:
191:
180:
177:
150:
149:
143:
142:
138:
137:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
77:Archaeplastida
74:
67:
66:
53:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
16:Genus of algae
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4841:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4824:Rhodomelaceae
4822:
4821:
4819:
4802:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4783:
4779:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4603:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4585:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4533:
4525:
4521:
4516:
4505:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4475:on 2018-11-01
4474:
4467:
4459:
4453:
4449:
4442:
4440:
4424:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4403:
4401:
4385:. iNaturalist
4384:
4380:
4378:
4370:
4368:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4251:
4243:
4236:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4189:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4134:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4089:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4029:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3947:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3900:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3767:
3754:
3746:
3739:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3613:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3588:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3523:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3461:Gil-Rodríguez
3458:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3436:J.V.Lamouroux
3433:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3024:guadalupensis
3021:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2736:J.V.Lamouroux
2733:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2227:
2226:J.V.Lamouroux
2223:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1885:J.V.Lamouroux
1882:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:J.V.Lamouroux
1721:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1209:J.V.Lamouroux
1206:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1082:Pham Hoàng Hô
1079:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
975:
971:
968:
964:
963:
959:
955:
951:
950:
946:
942:
938:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
916:
912:
909:
905:
904:
900:
896:
892:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
857:
853:
849:
845:
844:
840:
837:
833:
832:
828:
824:
820:
819:
815:
811:
807:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
771:
767:
763:
759:
758:
754:
750:
746:
745:
741:
737:
733:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
714:
710:
706:
702:
701:
697:
693:
689:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:
671:
667:
663:
658:
657:
653:
649:
645:
644:
640:
637:
636:
629:
625:
621:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:
586:
585:
583:
581:
576:
574:
573:
568:
567:
562:
561:
556:
555:
550:
549:
544:
543:
538:
537:
532:
531:
526:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
493:
490:
486:
482:
478:
468:
466:
462:
457:
451:
447:
443:
434:
431:
421:
419:
415:
411:
406:
403:
394:
392:
388:
383:
379:
374:
372:
369:
364:
355:
353:
349:
344:
341:
332:
330:
326:
325:Laurenciella,
322:
318:
314:
310:
307:
298:
296:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
277:, Laurencia,
276:
275:Chondrophycus
271:
267:
262:
258:
255:
251:
250:circumscribed
246:
244:
240:
230:
228:
224:
220:
210:
207:February 2016
201:
197:
194:This section
192:
189:
185:
184:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
157:
148:
144:
139:
135:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:Rhodomelaceae
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
58:
54:
51:
50:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
4544:
4523:
4519:
4507:. Retrieved
4493:
4466:
4447:
4426:. Retrieved
4412:
4387:. Retrieved
4382:
4376:
4356:21 September
4354:. Retrieved
4350:
4311:
4307:
4297:
4264:
4260:
4250:
4241:
4235:
4205:(1): 13–20.
4202:
4198:
4188:
4147:
4143:
4133:
4098:
4088:
4055:
4051:
4019:10261/132223
3991:
3987:
3977:
3963:(1): 71–75.
3960:
3956:
3946:
3913:
3909:
3899:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3753:cite journal
3738:
3727:, retrieved
3697:
3658:. Retrieved
3624:
3619:
3612:
3600:. Retrieved
3592:
3586:
3559:. Retrieved
3552:the original
3547:
3543:
3526:
3508:
3507:
3484:
3471:
3454:
3441:
3424:
3411:
3398:
3380:
3362:
3350:
3337:
3320:
3308:
3295:
3271:
3254:
3236:
3223:
3211:
3198:
3194:
3184:
3171:
3154:
3141:
3128:
3110:
3089:
3076:
3063:
3050:
3037:
3023:
3019:
3005:
2987:
2966:
2949:
2932:
2915:
2903:
2890:
2877:
2864:
2851:
2833:
2816:
2803:
2786:
2768:
2755:
2742:
2729:
2712:
2699:
2686:
2680:R.J.Anderson
2665:
2652:
2639:
2626:
2613:
2600:
2583:
2570:
2558:
2545:
2532:
2519:
2506:
2488:
2484:
2467:
2463:
2445:
2431:
2427:
2414:
2410:
2398:
2394:
2376:
2372:
2359:
2355:
2343:
2339:
2326:
2322:
2313:
2309:
2291:
2287:
2274:
2270:
2258:
2254:
2241:
2237:
2232:type species
2214:
2201:
2188:
2175:
2171:
2157:
2144:
2119:
2106:
2088:
2075:
2062:
2044:
2040:
2018:
2005:
1992:
1980:
1963:
1946:
1933:
1920:
1903:
1890:
1878:
1865:
1843:
1818:
1805:
1788:
1771:
1754:
1742:
1730:
1717:
1704:
1690:
1686:
1672:
1655:
1630:
1617:
1604:
1591:
1578:
1561:
1543:
1530:
1517:
1495:
1482:
1469:
1457:
1444:
1440:
1421:
1408:
1395:
1377:
1365:
1348:
1326:
1313:
1301:
1284:
1271:
1258:
1245:
1232:
1215:
1198:
1180:
1167:
1161:K.J.McDermid
1154:
1138:
1125:
1113:
1100:
1087:
1075:
1062:
1044:
1027:
1014:
1002:
989:
972:
960:
947:
934:
913:
901:
888:
871:
854:
841:
829:
816:
803:
785:
768:
755:
742:
729:
711:
698:
685:
672:
654:
641:
633:
617:
600:
587:
577:
570:
564:
558:
552:
546:
540:
534:
528:
522:
515:
513:
504:
499:
488:
484:
480:
476:
474:
465:L. nipponica
464:
460:
459:In Vietnam,
458:
449:
445:
441:
440:
429:
427:
418:Polysiphonia
417:
413:
409:
407:
401:
400:
397:Life History
390:
386:
381:
377:
375:
370:
367:
362:
361:
351:
347:
345:
339:
338:
335:Distribution
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:
305:
304:
292:
279:Laurenciella
273:
269:
265:
260:
259:
247:
238:
236:
218:
217:
204:
200:adding to it
195:
155:
154:
153:
146:
127:
126:
70:
47:
31:
25:
4698:iNaturalist
4569:Wikispecies
4509:10 February
4428:10 February
4389:24 November
3994:: 107–117.
3602:11 February
3561:13 February
3331:N.L.Gardner
3199:corymbulosa
2468:corymbifera
2360:pyramidalis
1957:N.L.Gardner
1914:N.L.Gardner
1837:Diaz-Larrea
1666:N.L.Gardner
1295:N.L.Gardner
461:L. snackeyi
446:Perna perna
368:Janczewskia
179:Description
173:sublittoral
4818:Categories
4261:Biofouling
4199:Biofouling
4144:Biofouling
3729:23 January
3660:27 January
3519:References
3478:W.R.Taylor
3161:J.D.Hooker
3096:E.Y.Dawson
3083:E.Y.Dawson
3029:E.Y.Dawson
3012:E.Y.Dawson
2897:E.Y.Dawson
2858:E.Y.Dawson
2676:J.J.Bolton
2620:W.R.Taylor
2595:Frauenfeld
2526:Yoneshigue
2399:pyramidica
2387:Van Heurck
2377:pyramidata
2327:mollissima
2275:divaricata
2045:scammaccae
1940:I.A.Abbott
1927:E.Y.Dawson
1872:E.Y.Dawson
1812:E.Y.Dawson
1749:J.N.Norris
1737:J.N.Norris
1611:E.Y.Dawson
1568:J.D.Hooker
1537:Hollenberg
1415:J.N.Norris
1338:J.D.Hooker
1252:E.Y.Dawson
1149:H.M.Crouan
1145:P.L.Crouan
861:A.D.Zinova
679:De Notaris
628:H.M.Crouan
624:P.L.Crouan
594:J.N.Norris
527:(Hawaii),
352:Bostrychia
301:Morphology
257:research.
227:distichous
107:Ceramiales
87:Rhodophyta
83:Division:
4672:FloraBase
4651:Laurencia
4584:AlgaeBase
4575:Laurencia
4545:Laurencia
4377:Laurencia
4328:0305-1978
4281:0892-7014
4219:0892-7014
4164:0892-7014
4125:234454451
4072:1573-5176
4028:0171-8630
3969:0975-1033
3930:0163-3864
3891:0260-1230
3852:0022-0981
3805:1529-8817
3655:246307410
3593:AlgaeBase
3587:Laurencia
3344:Zanardini
3282:C.F.Chang
3278:C.K.Tseng
3178:C.K.Tseng
3135:C.K.Tseng
2973:Zanardini
2939:J.F.Zhang
2926:Womersley
2780:Papenfuss
2762:A.B.Cribb
2724:Lamouroux
2720:S.G.Gmel.
2633:Zanardini
2344:pulvinata
2332:A.B.Cribb
2302:Zanardini
2247:A.B.Cribb
2138:C.K.Tseng
2069:A.B.Cribb
2050:G.Furnari
2012:Schnetter
1825:Mateo-Cid
1641:C.F.Chang
1637:C.K.Tseng
1585:M.J.Wynne
1450:A.B.Cribb
1445:decussata
1355:F.Boisset
1308:Zanardini
941:C.K.Tseng
848:P.C.Silva
779:Kawaguchi
749:G.Martens
611:Womersley
516:Laurencia
505:Laurencia
501:AlgaeBase
489:Laurencia
485:Laurencia
477:Laurencia
450:Laurencia
442:Laurencia
414:Laurencia
410:Laurencia
402:Laurencia
391:Laurencia
387:Laurencia
382:Laurencia
378:Laurencia
363:Laurencia
340:Laurencia
329:Laurencia
321:Laurencia
317:Laurencia
313:Laurencia
306:Laurencia
270:Laurencia
261:Laurencia
239:Laurencia
223:decumbent
219:Laurencia
165:red algae
156:Laurencia
147:See text
128:Laurencia
32:Laurencia
4646:eFloraSA
4609:BioLib:
4560:Q3218958
4554:Wikidata
4289:22115113
4227:85850477
4180:19461987
4172:14628724
4080:23924692
3938:10924166
3813:84862820
3724:27380407
3534:(1813).
3418:Børgesen
3392:Børgesen
3388:Forsskål
3370:C.Agardh
3357:J.Agardh
3327:Setchell
3315:J.Agardh
3230:J.Agardh
3218:Montagne
3122:Setchell
3118:J.Agardh
3070:Børgesen
2999:M.Masuda
2871:J.Agardh
2749:Børgesen
2672:Stegenga
2646:Børgesen
2494:Setchell
2473:Setchell
2452:Setchell
2432:rigidula
2415:racemosa
2404:J.Agardh
2383:J.Agardh
2349:Feldmann
2298:C.Agardh
2292:gracilis
2242:compacta
2164:J.Agardh
2100:Greville
2096:C.Agardh
1953:Setchell
1910:Setchell
1778:Setchell
1691:nidifica
1662:Setchell
1524:M.A.Howe
1511:Greville
1464:J.Agardh
1433:Montagne
1429:C.Agardh
1402:Montagne
1389:Greville
1359:J.C.Lino
1334:C.Agardh
1320:J.Agardh
1291:Setchell
1278:J.Agardh
1132:J.Agardh
1107:J.Agardh
1021:Børgesen
979:Setchell
954:Børgesen
928:M.A.Howe
836:J.Agardh
762:J.Agardh
719:C.Agardh
666:Greville
520:subtidal
509:synonyms
287:Palisada
283:Osmundea
169:littoral
141:Species
113:Family:
4716:1334551
4690:2660953
4526:: 8–17.
4520:Madroño
4490:"Algae"
4409:"Algae"
3996:Bibcode
3496:Kützing
3448:Kützing
3374:Kützing
3290:B.M.Xia
3286:E.Z.Xia
3248:Gaillon
3204:Caldesi
3148:K.W.Nam
3104:Wildman
3100:Neushul
3057:Kützing
2977:De Toni
2960:Y.Saito
2956:K.W.Nam
2943:B.M.Xia
2910:Kützing
2845:Kützing
2841:Kützing
2828:Kützing
2824:Kützing
2797:Kützing
2552:Kützing
2498:Gardner
2477:Gardner
2456:Gardner
2420:Kützing
2176:tenuior
2134:B.M.Xia
2130:B.Huang
2082:Kützing
2054:Cormaci
2043:subsp.
2029:Garbary
1999:Kützing
1987:Kützing
1975:Kützing
1859:Gaillon
1851:R.Brown
1833:Senties
1782:Gardner
1711:K.W.Nam
1649:B.M.Xia
1645:E.Z.Xia
1555:Kützing
1551:Kützing
1503:Mertens
1476:Kützing
1372:Kützing
1265:Kützing
1239:Kützing
1227:Kützing
1223:Kützing
1192:Gaillon
1174:Kützing
1120:Kützing
1056:Kützing
983:Gardner
967:Kützing
920:De Toni
823:Kützing
797:Kützing
793:Kützing
723:Gaillon
496:Species
481:Aplysia
358:Ecology
294:Yuzurua
123:Genus:
103:Order:
93:Class:
4801:143914
4788:439663
4785:uBio:
4778:904404
4762:NZOR:
4703:128238
4625:260979
4612:130080
4602:247979
4500:
4454:
4419:
4326:
4287:
4279:
4225:
4217:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4123:
4113:
4078:
4070:
4026:
3967:
3936:
3928:
3889:
3850:
3811:
3803:
3722:
3712:
3653:
3643:
3627:]
3513:Hawaii
3492:Turner
3480:, 1945
3467:, 1992
3465:Haroun
3463:&
3450:, 1865
3420:, 1954
3407:, 1931
3405:Yamada
3394:, 1932
3376:, 1849
3346:, 1847
3333:, 1937
3329:&
3304:, 1931
3302:Yamada
3288:&
3267:, 1996
3263:&
3250:, 1828
3244:Turner
3232:, 1876
3180:, 1943
3167:, 1849
3165:Harvey
3163:&
3150:, 2006
3137:, 1943
3124:, 1914
3106:, 1960
3102:&
3085:, 1963
3072:, 1954
3059:, 1865
3046:, 1881
3044:Sonder
3031:, 1963
3014:, 1945
3001:, 1997
2983:, 1888
2979:&
2962:, 1991
2958:&
2945:, 1983
2941:&
2928:, 1974
2924:&
2899:, 1944
2886:, 1980
2873:, 1876
2860:, 1954
2847:, 1849
2812:, 1852
2799:, 1849
2782:, 1943
2776:Grunow
2764:, 1983
2751:, 1934
2738:, 1822
2708:, 1931
2706:Yamada
2695:, 1945
2693:Taylor
2682:, 1987
2678:&
2661:, 1865
2659:ützing
2648:, 1937
2635:, 1872
2622:, 1947
2609:, 1941
2579:, 1945
2577:Taylor
2565:Taylor
2554:, 1865
2541:, 1997
2539:Masuda
2528:, 1985
2515:, 1931
2513:Yamada
2500:, 1924
2496:&
2479:, 1924
2475:&
2458:, 1924
2454:&
2439:, 1874
2437:Grunow
2422:, 1865
2389:, 1908
2367:, 1849
2365:Harvey
2334:, 1958
2304:, 1847
2282:, 1931
2280:Yamada
2264:Yamada
2249:, 1958
2228:, 1813
2210:, 1840
2197:, 1931
2195:Yamada
2181:Sonder
2166:, 1852
2153:, 1938
2140:, 2007
2136:&
2126:L.Ding
2115:, 1997
2113:Masuda
2102:, 1830
2084:, 1865
2071:, 1958
2056:, 1990
2052:&
2035:, 1990
2031:&
2014:, 1976
2001:, 1865
1959:, 1937
1955:&
1942:, 1996
1929:, 1944
1916:, 1930
1912:&
1899:, 1931
1897:Yamada
1874:, 1963
1861:, 1828
1855:Turner
1839:, 2014
1835:&
1814:, 1958
1801:, 1997
1799:Suzuki
1797:&
1795:Masuda
1784:, 1924
1780:&
1767:, 1998
1765:Masuda
1763:&
1726:, 1813
1713:, 1994
1698:, 1888
1681:, 1888
1668:, 1930
1664:&
1651:, 1980
1647:&
1626:, 1855
1624:Harvey
1613:, 1944
1600:, 1932
1598:Yamada
1587:, 2017
1574:, 1849
1572:Harvey
1570:&
1557:, 1849
1539:, 1943
1526:, 1934
1513:, 1830
1507:Turner
1491:, 1981
1478:, 1849
1435:, 1845
1417:, 2014
1404:, 1846
1391:, 1830
1385:Turner
1361:, 1998
1357:&
1344:, 1847
1342:Harvey
1340:&
1322:, 1852
1297:, 1937
1293:&
1280:, 1852
1267:, 1863
1254:, 1954
1241:, 1865
1211:, 1813
1205:Delile
1194:, 1828
1188:Delile
1176:, 1866
1163:, 1989
1147:&
1134:, 1852
1109:, 1852
1096:, 1945
1094:Taylor
1071:, 1931
1069:Yamada
1058:, 1849
1040:, 1995
1038:Aponte
1036:&
1023:, 1924
998:, 1853
996:Sonder
985:, 1937
981:&
956:, 1918
943:, 1943
930:, 1920
926:&
897:, 1853
895:Harvey
884:, 1985
880:&
867:, 1967
863:&
850:, 1972
825:, 1865
812:, 1997
810:Masuda
799:, 1865
781:, 1997
777:&
775:Masuda
764:, 1841
751:, 1871
738:, 1920
736:Pilger
725:, 1828
707:, 1869
705:Shperk
694:, 1855
692:Harvey
681:, 1842
668:, 1830
650:, 1845
648:Sonder
630:, 1865
626:&
613:, 1974
609:&
596:, 2014
569:, and
4796:WoRMS
4755:99900
4729:13533
4711:IRMNG
4677:26259
4589:32789
4223:S2CID
4176:S2CID
4121:S2CID
4076:S2CID
3809:S2CID
3651:S2CID
3629:(pdf)
3623:[
3555:(PDF)
3540:(PDF)
3261:Fujii
3197:var.
3022:var.
2922:Saito
2607:Kylin
2591:Huds.
2487:var.
2466:var.
2430:var.
2413:var.
2397:var.
2358:var.
2342:var.
2325:var.
2290:var.
2273:var.
2259:densa
2257:var.
2240:var.
2222:Huds.
2174:var.
2151:Kylin
2033:Guiry
1761:T.Abe
1696:Hauck
1689:var.
1679:Hauck
924:Forti
882:Fujii
607:Saito
268:" or
225:with
161:genus
159:is a
71:Clade
4750:NCBI
4724:ITIS
4685:GBIF
4664:9647
4638:5BGD
4620:BOLD
4597:APNI
4511:2016
4498:ISBN
4452:ISBN
4430:2016
4417:ISBN
4391:2018
4358:2018
4324:ISSN
4285:PMID
4277:ISSN
4215:ISSN
4168:PMID
4160:ISSN
4111:ISBN
4068:ISSN
4024:ISSN
3965:ISSN
3934:PMID
3926:ISSN
3887:ISSN
3848:ISSN
3801:ISSN
3766:help
3731:2022
3720:PMID
3710:ISBN
3662:2022
3641:ISBN
3604:2016
3563:2016
3504:Uses
3432:Vahl
2981:Levi
2489:laxa
2314:laxa
2208:Suhr
1971:Bory
1052:Suhr
1009:Suhr
578:The
479:and
350:and
291:and
4737:NBN
4659:EoL
4633:CoL
4316:doi
4269:doi
4207:doi
4152:doi
4103:doi
4060:doi
4014:hdl
4004:doi
3992:323
3918:doi
3879:doi
3840:doi
3793:doi
3702:doi
3633:doi
2975:ex
2795:ex
2375:f.
2312:f.
1853:ex
1505:ex
1443:f.
1207:ex
252:by
202:.
171:to
163:of
4820::
4798::
4775::
4752::
4739::
4726::
4713::
4700::
4687::
4674::
4661::
4648::
4635::
4622::
4599::
4586::
4571::
4556::
4522:.
4492:.
4438:^
4411:.
4399:^
4381:.
4366:^
4349:.
4336:^
4322:.
4310:.
4306:.
4283:.
4275:.
4265:10
4263:.
4259:.
4221:.
4213:.
4203:18
4201:.
4197:.
4174:.
4166:.
4158:.
4148:19
4146:.
4142:.
4119:.
4109:.
4097:.
4074:.
4066:.
4056:16
4054:.
4050:.
4036:^
4022:.
4012:.
4002:.
3990:.
3986:.
3961:40
3959:.
3955:.
3932:.
3924:.
3914:63
3912:.
3908:.
3885:.
3875:57
3873:.
3869:.
3846:.
3836:74
3834:.
3830:.
3807:.
3799:.
3789:15
3787:.
3783:.
3757::
3755:}}
3751:{{
3718:,
3708:,
3696:,
3670:^
3649:.
3639:.
3591:.
3571:^
3548:20
3546:.
3542:.
3494:)
3434:)
3390:)
3372:)
3284:,
3280:,
3246:)
3120:)
3098:,
2997:)
2843:)
2826:)
2778:)
2722:)
2674:,
2593:)
2385:)
2300:)
2230:-
2224:)
2132:,
2128:,
2098:)
2027:,
1973:)
1857:)
1831:,
1827:,
1643:,
1639:,
1553:)
1509:)
1431:)
1387:)
1336:)
1225:)
1190:)
1054:)
922:,
795:)
721:)
664:)
575:.
563:,
557:,
551:,
545:,
511:.
454:15
354:.
297:.
285:,
281:,
73::
4524:9
4513:.
4460:.
4432:.
4393:.
4379:"
4360:.
4330:.
4318::
4312:3
4291:.
4271::
4244:.
4229:.
4209::
4182:.
4154::
4127:.
4105::
4082:.
4062::
4030:.
4016::
4006::
3998::
3971:.
3940:.
3920::
3893:.
3881::
3854:.
3842::
3815:.
3795::
3768:)
3764:(
3747:.
3704::
3664:.
3635::
3606:.
3585:"
3565:.
3490:(
3430:(
3386:(
3368:(
3242:(
3116:(
2993:(
2839:(
2822:(
2774:(
2718:(
2589:(
2381:(
2296:(
2220:(
2094:(
1969:(
1849:(
1549:(
1501:(
1427:(
1383:(
1332:(
1221:(
1186:(
1050:(
791:(
717:(
660:(
638:)
632:(
371:.
289:,
264:"
209:)
205:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
