Latin syntax - Knowledge

6328:

Gerunds are usually formed from intransitive verbs, and are mainly used in sentences such as the following where the meaning is 'by doing something', 'of doing something', or 'for the purpose of doing something'. A gerund is never used as the subject or direct object of a verb (the infinitive is used

5812:

Normally a Present participle represents an action which is simultaneous with the main event ('he came running'), and a Perfect participle represents one which has already happened ('after drawing his sword'). In the following example, however, the Perfect participle represents the result following

1740:

For the most part these tenses are used in a fairly straightforward way; however, there are certain idiomatic uses that may be noted. Note in particular that the Latin perfect tense combines the English simple past ("I did") with the present perfect ("I have done") into a single form; this can make

5215:

The rule of tense in an accusative and infinitive construction is that the present infinitive is generally used for actions contemporary with the main verb, the perfect for actions which preceded it, and the future for actions which followed it. An example of the future infinitive using the future

5127:

A very common use of the infinitive in Latin, in which it differs from English, is its use for indirect statements, that is for sentences where a subordinate clause is dependent on a main verb meaning 'he says', 'he knows', 'he pretends', 'he believes', 'he thinks', 'he finds out' and so on. In

815:

Nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in Latin change their endings according to their function in the sentence. The different endings are called different 'cases'. Case endings of a similar kind are also found in other languages, such as Ancient and Modern Greek, German, Russian, Hungarian, Finnish,

2763:

The subjunctive has numerous uses, ranging from what potentially might be true to what the speaker wishes or commands should happen. It is often translated with 'should', 'could', 'would', 'may' and so on, but in certain contexts, for example indirect questions or after the conjunction

192:(1959). More recently, taking advantage of computerised texts, three major works have been published on Latin word order, one by the American scholars Andrew Devine and Laurence Stephens (2006), and two (adopting a different approach) by the Czech scholar Olga Spevak (2010 and 2014). 308:, and maintains that Latin prose has a basic underlying "neutral" word order, from which authors deviate for reasons of emphasis, topicalisation, rhythm, and so on. According to Devine and Stephens, the basic order in broad scope focus sentences is as follows: 2087:

In Latin, unlike English, only the direct object (not the indirect object) of an active verb can be made the subject of a passive verb. It is not correct to say in Latin 'the soldiers were being given their pay' but only 'pay was being given to the soldiers':

320:. Rejecting the idea that there is a basic word order, this approach seeks to explain word order in terms of pragmatic factors, such as topic and focus, and semantic ones (1st person before 2nd, human before animals or things, agent before patient, etc.). 819:

The six cases most commonly used in Latin and their main meanings are given below. The cases are presented here in the order Nom, Voc, Acc, Gen, Dat, Abl, which has been used in Britain and countries influenced by Britain ever since the publication of

277:'in Italy'). Moreover, even though adjectives can both precede and follow the noun, there is a tendency for different kinds of adjectives to take different positions; for example adjectives of size usually come before the noun ( 548:

Latin has three genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter) and two numbers (singular and plural). Pronouns, adjectives, participles, and the numbers one to three have to agree in gender and number with the noun they refer to:

3649:

both mean 'before (something happened)'. If the event actually happened, the verb is usually in the indicative mood; but when the meaning is 'before there was a chance for it to happen', the verb is subjunctive:

5191:

So common is this construction in Latin, that often the verb 'he said' is simply omitted if it is clear from the context, the accusative and infinitive alone making it clear that the statement is reported:

2799:

The 'potential' subjunctive is used when the speaker imagines what potentially may, might, would, or could happen in the present or future or might have happened in the past. The negative of this kind is

169:(1895), the reviser, Gonzalez Lodge, mentions 38 scholars whose works have been used in its revision; of these 31 wrote in German, five in English and two in French. (The English scholars include 824:'s Latin Primer in the 19th century. A different order – Nom, Gen, Dat, Acc, Voc, Abl, or its variation Nom, Gen, Dat, Acc, Abl, Voc – is used in many European countries and the United States. 3694:(literally, 'how should it not be?') is always used after a negative verb or the equivalent, typically 'there is no doubt that', 'who does not know that...?', and so on. The words following 5524:

Participles have endings like those of adjectives, and occasionally they are used as though they were adjectives. If so, they refer to the state or condition that a thing or person is in:

5286:

The above example also illustrates another feature of indirect statement, that a negative indirect statement ('they say that ... not') is usually represented by the use of the main verb

531:'this year'. Two reasons which might be suggested are Pliny's fondness for ending a sentence with the rhythm − u − − u − and also no doubt because of the elegant assonance of the vowels 334:

The order of words is often chosen according to the emphasis required by the author. One way of emphasising a word is to reverse the usual order. For example, in the opening sentence of

9611: 5905:(lit. 'with drawn sword') above is an example of a common idiom in which a noun and participle are put in the ablative case to represent the circumstances of the main event. This 1549:'with great care' (Cicero), but this is not an invariable rule. Occasionally also the opposite order (noun-preposition-adjective) may be used in poetry and later prose, e.g. 120: 437:

Splitting up an adjective-noun phrase and bringing the adjective to the beginning of the sentence can highlight it. In the following example from Cicero, the splitting of

6325:(dative or ablative). Although identical in form to a neuter gerundive, and overlapping the gerundive in some of its uses, it is possible that it has a different origin. 1446:(Abl) 'on the following day'), the case ending alone is sufficient to give the meaning. Unlike in Greek, prepositions are not used in Latin with the dative or genitive. 206:

Latin word order is relatively free. The verb may be found at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence; an adjective may precede or follow its noun (

188:

by Manu Leumann, J.B. Hofmann, and Anton Szantyr (revised edition Munich 1977, first edition 1926). Among works published in English may be mentioned E.C. Woodcock's

3015:

One important use of the subjunctive mood in Latin is to indicate that the words are quoted; this applies for example to subordinate clauses in indirect speech:

1454:

Four prepositions can be followed by more than one case (very similar to usage of these and other prepositions in German), depending on their meaning. These are

1125:

The description of the use of cases is not always straightforward. The classification of the uses of the dative alone takes up nearly twelve pages in Woodcock's

2528:

As well as the indicative mood illustrated above, which is used for stating and asking facts, and an imperative mood, used for direct commands, Latin has a

4047:

Clearly here Paetus had written or stated "I am giving you all the books which my brother left me", and Cicero is quoting his words indirectly to Atticus.

5581:

More frequently, however, a participle is more like a verb, and if one action follows another, it can often replace the first of two verbs in a sentence:

5464:

The Romans themselves considered the gerundive (see below) also to be a participle, but most modern grammars treat it as a separate part of speech:

304:

To explain Latin word order there are two main schools of thought. One, represented by Devine and Stephens (2006), argues from the point of view of

6101:'I follow'). The usual meaning of the gerundive is that it is necessary for something to be done. Often the word 'must' is a suitable translation: 5300:

Not every subordinate clause which starts with the conjunction 'that' in English is translated with an accusative and infinitive. In some contexts

5414:

in Italian) gradually took over from the Accusative and infinitive construction and became the usual way of expressing indirect speech in modern

3075:

When used in indirect speech or in an indirect question, the subjunctive is translated as if were the corresponding tense of the indicative.

406:" (Greek for 'stepping over'); it is described by Devine and Stephens as 'perhaps the most distinctively alien feature of Latin word order'. 5265:

Less common is the periphrastic perfect infinitive, used when a potential pluperfect subjunctive is converted into an indirect statement:

1845:

The three perfect tenses (Perfect, Future Perfect, and Pluperfect) are formed using the perfect participle together with part of the verb

9618: 2885:

Another use is for what the speaker wishes may happen, or wishes had happened (the 'optative' subjunctive). The negative of this kind is

4978:'I want' and so on, where the subject of the complement clause (sometimes mistakenly referred as an object) is in the accusative case: 740:

When words of different genders are combined, the adjective is usually masculine if referring to people, neuter if referring to things:

312:

Subject – Direct Object – Indirect Object / Oblique Argument – Adjunct – Goal or Source Argument – Non-Referential Direct Object – Verb

4213:(literally, 'be unwilling!') plus the infinitive. However, in poetry an imperative can sometimes be made negative with the particle 6907:. Studies in Language Companion Series (SLCS) 117. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. Pp. xv, 318. 1534:

are all possible for 'with whom'). There are occasional exceptions, especially with two-syllable prepositions after pronouns, e.g.

162:

in a systematic way was particularly a feature of the late 19th century, especially in Germany. For example, in the 3rd edition of

1741:

the perfect verb "feel" like it is set in the present ("Now I have done (it)") for the purpose of grammatical sequence of tenses.

4329:

This imperative is very common in early writers such as Plautus and Cato, but it is also found in later writers such as Martial:

127: 2540:, and has no connection with the other meaning of 'mood', in the sense of 'emotional state', which comes from a Germanic root.) 5478:

There is no active perfect participle in most verbs, but in deponent verbs, the perfect participle is active in meaning, e.g.

2425:'I try' which despite their passive endings have an active meaning. These verbs (which have no active counterpart) are called 316:

The other approach, represented by Panhuis (1982) and Olga Spevak (2010), examines Latin word order from the point of view of

6172:

Because it is passive in meaning, the gerundive is usually formed from transitive verbs. However, intransitive verbs such as

2943:

It can also represent what the speaker commands or suggests should happen (the 'jussive' subjunctive). The negative is again

4573:

Although often referred to as a 'mood', the Latin infinitive is usually considered to be a verbal noun rather than a mood.

661:

In Latin, words referring to males are always masculine, words referring to females are usually feminine. (An exception is

372:

Another technique used by Latin authors is to separate a phrase and put another word or phrase in the middle, for example:

6889:: Trento, 22-24 ottobre 2015 (pp. 75–92). (Biblioteca della Società italiana di glottologia; Vol. 40). Editrice Il Calamo. 6188:'I persuade', which can be used passively in an impersonal construction, can also have an impersonal gerundive, ending in 180:

In the twentieth century, the German tradition was continued with the publication of two very comprehensive grammars: the

6580:'return', etc., but it differs from them in that it is a verb as well as a noun, and can sometimes take a direct object. 6024:'present'. To make an ablative absolute with 'to be', the words are put in the ablative, and the verb is simply omitted: 5838:

Participles are much commoner in Latin than in English. Sometimes multiple participles can be used in a single sentence:

1367:

Frequently, to make the meaning more precise, a noun in the accusative or ablative is preceded by a preposition such as

6873: 3975:

Another meaning is 'in view of the fact that' (giving an explanation), as in the following example, said jokingly of a

3998:'(Caninius) was of amazing vigilance, in view of the fact that he didn't see any sleep in the whole of his consulate!' 1291:

Many verbs which in English take a direct object are used in Latin intransitively with a dative noun or pronoun, e.g.

6932: 6912: 6777: 1725:

To these six ordinary tenses may be added various "periphrastic" tenses, made from a participle and part of the verb

5372:

could even substitute for the accusative an infinitive, though this did not become common until the second century:

409:

Placing the verb at or near the beginning of a clause sometimes indicates that the action is sudden or unexpected:

1013:

is the same for both dative and ablative plural, the ablative meaning 'with' is more appropriate in this context.

6847: 3010: 317: 238:; the latter is more common). There are also stylistic differences between Latin authors; for example, while 6887:

Problemi e prospettive della linguistica storica: Atti del XL Convegno della Società Italiana di Glottologia

6694:'to be going to be captured', which can be used in indirect statements referring to the future (see above): 6503:

However, if the verb is transitive, a phrase made of noun + gerundive is often substituted for the gerund:

1880:

Deponent verbs have exactly the same form as passive verbs except that the meaning is active, not passive:

515:'a great crop of poets') has been brought forward to highlight it. The other striking feature is the order 4308:), which is used to request someone to do something at a future time, or if something else happens first: 2294:'to have been captured', and there is also a rarely used Future passive infinitive made using the supine ( 2018:

When it is desired to show the agent or person(s) by whom the action was done, Latin uses the preposition

9591: 2358:). However, there are a few which are ambivalent and can be either active or passive in meaning, such as 5128:

Latin, instead of 'they pretend that they want', the idiom is to say 'they pretend themselves to want':

3746:

Another usage is after a negative verb such as 'I can't help doing' or 'he did not refrain from doing':

1993:

An intransitive verb can also be made passive, provided it is used impersonally in the neuter singular:

222:

both mean 'a good man'); and a genitive may precede or follow its noun ('the enemies' camp' can be both

9604: 164: 6161:

If a word is added to show by whom the action must be done, this word is put in the dative case (e.g.

2208:'Cluvius had been persuaded to lie' (literally: 'it had been persuaded to Cluvius that he should lie') 3373: 1129:

and ten pages in Gildersleeve and Lodge. For example, when asking someone's name, a Roman would say:

81: 71: 6882: 5761:

Apart from 'when' and 'who', other translations are possible, such as 'if', 'since', or 'although':

3529:

can also express a fear; in this case, the word 'not' must be omitted from the English translation:

6685:

The accusative of the supine is also used to make the rare future passive infinitive, for example,

4180:

The passive imperative is almost never found. It has the same endings as the deponent imperative:

2056:

When the agent is not a person but a thing, no preposition is used, but simply the ablative case:

6927:. Amsterdam studies in classical philology, 21. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2014. Pp. xiii, 377. 6894:

Review of J. Marouzeaux (1922), "L'Ordre des Mots dans la Phrase latine: I. Les Groupes nominaux"

5282:'they say that Clodius would not have returned to Rome that day, if he had not heard about Cyrus' 3099: 86: 6562:

The supine is identical in form with the accusative case of 4th declension verbal nouns such as

2149:(+ dative) 'I persuade' can be made passive, but only in a 3rd person singular impersonal form: 1853:'I am'. The ending of the participle changes according to the gender and number of the subject: 1543:

Sometimes when the noun has an adjective it is placed before the preposition for emphasis, e.g.

1057:

is again accusative of goal. With names of cities there is no need to add a preposition such as

265:

There are however certain constraints; for example, in prose a monosyllabic preposition such as

9688: 6725:, found with certain verbs only. But this cannot take an object. It is used in phrases such as 6068: 4386:'Laugh loudly at anyone who calls you camp, Sextillus, and stick up your middle finger at him.' 113: 6588:

The supine is normally used to express purpose, when combined with a verb of movement such as

5118: 4775:. Neither of these verbs has a Future infinitive, and the Present infinitive is used instead. 2532:, used to express nuances of meaning such as 'would', 'could', 'should', 'may' etc. (The word 9650: 9596: 5906: 5560: 5122: 3570:

means 'while' or 'as long as'. But when followed by the subjunctive, it often means 'until':

1579:

Latin has six main tenses in the indicative mood, which are illustrated below using the verb

821: 76: 6789: 3786:

Equally it can be used in sentences of the kind 'A didn't happen without B also happening':

3083:

The subjunctive mood is very frequently used in subordinate clauses following conjunctions.

1089:'the enemy (Nom.) hastened towards Caesar's (Gen.) camp (Acc.) with all their forces (Abl.)' 669:(neuter) 'a whore'.) Words referring to things can be any of the three genders, for example 3322:'he ordered him to go round (lit. 'that he should go round') all the doors of the building' 101: 4568: 8: 5914: 5152:

Similarly 'I'm glad you've arrived safely' becomes 'I am glad you to have arrived safe':

3913:'who' or 'which', when followed by a subjunctive, can mean 'a person such as' (generic): 2587: : 'I would be doing', 'I should do' (in a past context) (also simply 'I was doing') 484:

Considerations of rhythm and elegance also play a part in Latin word order. For example,

91: 6248:

can also be used to express purpose (a use which it shares with the gerund, see below):

5935:'when the signal was given (lit. 'with signal given'), they made an attack on the enemy' 1972:

A passive verb is generally used when it is unnecessary to indicate who did the action:

1241:

Another idiom is the "predicative dative" used with the verb 'to be' in phrases such as

693:'name' (neuter). However, there are certain rules; for example, nouns with the suffixes 9631: 2876:'I couldn't easily say (= I don't think) that I have ever seen anything more beautiful' 305: 9586: 6803: 4781:

The passive Future infinitive is rare, and is frequently replaced with a phrase using

293:), while 'modifiers that are more important than their noun or that specify it' (e.g. 6928: 6908: 6773: 5910: 5415: 4883:

It can also be used, as in English, dependent on an adjective, or with verbs such as

3937:'he who obeys modestly, seems to be the sort of person who one day is worthy to rule' 3438:'if they were to come back to life and talk to you, what answer would you be making?' 2114: 1574: 485: 46: 883:(A small line, called a macron, over a vowel indicates that it is pronounced long.) 737:'parent' can vary between masculine and feminine and are called of "common" gender. 5787:

A participle phrase can also stand for a noun clause, as in the following example:

4232: 3140:

is used with the Imperfect subjunctive, a common way of translating it is 'while':

2529: 810: 201: 148: 61: 36: 31: 6829:. Edited and further revised by Sir James Mountford, Longman 1930; reprinted 1962. 5647:

Participles can frequently be translated into English using a clause with 'when':

3345:'and he had built it in such a way that in all parts of the building it had exits' 2775:

Often in English the subjunctive can be translated by an infinitive; for example,

2519:'after setting out at midnight, he reached the enemies' camp in the early morning' 886:

Another case is the locative, which is used mostly with the names of cities (e.g.

7266:, pp. 221-225, has a series of rhymes to assist in learning the rules for gender. 7213:(1954), p. 150. (The symbol – stands for a long syllable, and u for a short one.) 6781: 6430: 5607: 5331:'it happened by chance that some ambassadors of King Prusias were dining in Rome' 4061: 2014:'when (the army) reached the foot of the mountains, the signal was given at once' 174: 170: 6936: 6919: 6785: 5426:

Unlike Greek, Latin is deficient in participles, having only three, as follows:

4812:

The infinitive can be used as the subject, complement, or the object of a verb:

1428:

However, when the meaning of an accusative or an ablative is clear (for example

9642: 9044: 6893: 6150: 4064:

is used for giving direct orders. The active form can be made plural by adding

3326:

It can also represent result (making what is known as a "consecutive" clause):

3132:

Used with the subjunctive, however, it frequently means 'at a time when'. When

2772:'when' or 'since', it is translated as if it were an ordinary indicative verb. 981:'Curio (Nom.) sends ahead Marcius (Acc.) to Utica (Acc.) with the ships (Abl.)' 51: 41: 6547:. When a verb is given in a dictionary with its four principal parts, such as 2703:

The imperfect subjunctive of every verb has the same form as the infinitive +

9682: 7209:"a clausula of cretic plus cretic, a favorite with Pliny": Selatie E. Stout, 6082: 5954:'but Father Aeneas, on hearing Turnus's name, immediately deserted the walls' 4108: 3809:

In sentences like the following, there is potential for confusion, since the

3609: 2426: 1391:'out of'. This is especially so if the noun refers to a person. For example: 907: 335: 239: 147:

grammar that covers such matters as word order, the use of cases, tenses and

22: 6058:'when these men were consuls, Fidenae was besieged and Crustumeria captured' 5493:'I am' has no present or perfect participle, but only the Future participle 3813:

clause, though positive in Latin, is translated in English with a negative:

3303:

It can also be used to introduce an indirect command ('that he should...'):

9667: 9657: 5065:

An infinitive is sometimes used to represent a series of repeated actions:

3225:'he did nothing to help me, though (or: at a time when) he could have done' 2318:'to be going to be captured'. It is typically used in indirect statements: 1755: 1570: 66: 6867:

The Communicative Perspective in the Sentence: a study of Latin word order

6815:

The Communicative Perspective in the Sentence: a study of Latin word order

4576:

Latin has three infinitives in the active voice, and three passive. Since

4043:'Paetus made a gift to me of all the books which his brother had left him' 3782:'Antiochus did not refrain from publishing a book against his own teacher' 3670:'he fortified the hill quickly, before it could be noticed by the enemies' 2492:

Deponent verbs are frequently used in their perfect participle form (e.g.

1400:(Acc) 'to the king' (used with a verb of motion such as 'goes' or 'sends') 1117:'with all their forces' is in the ablative case, with the meaning 'with'. 8273:

Woodcock (1959), pp. 141-4; Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), pp. 356-357.

5976:'but she, while we were listening, said "I am just a guest here myself!"' 5909:

in Latin is called an "ablative absolute" and is comparable to the Greek

5308:

with the subjunctive is required, for example after a verb of happening:

2350:

are true passives in meaning (i.e. they represent actions which are done

1758:

tenses listed above, Latin has a set of passive voice tenses as follows:

4778:

The Future infinitive is used only for indirect statements (see below).

1770: : 'I am captured', 'I am being captured' (by someone or something) 184:

by Raphael Kühner and Karl Stegmann (1912, first edition 1879), and the

6943: 6855: 6232: 403: 329: 151:, and the construction of simple and compound sentences, also known as 96: 6883:"Developments in Latin syntax after the publication of Szantyr (1965)" 6812: 3160:'while I was sitting sadly at home, Venerius suddenly came running up' 1504:

Prepositions almost always precede their noun or pronoun, except that

946:'to the soldiers' is dative case, a case typically used with the verb 5595: 5056:'he is urging me to write to the senate' (lit. 'that I should write') 2576:) : 'I may do', 'I would do', 'I should do' (also simply 'I do') 1099:, the goal of motion, is in the accusative following the preposition 834: : 'the/a king' (Subject, or Complement (e.g. 'he is the king')) 6081:

etc. if feminine). It is usually passive in meaning (although a few

3805:'up to now I have not let a day go past without dropping you a line' 3164:

With the Pluperfect subjunctive, it often means 'after X happened':

2456:

Although most deponent verbs are intransitive, some of them such as

6622: 6154: 3202:'in view of the fact that these things are so' / 'since this is so' 3059: 9580:

University of Chicago Perseus under PhiloLogic searchable corpus.

5243:

part of a future active or perfect passive infinitive is omitted:

4459:

exists in Latin. It is used in very formal contexts such as laws:

3864:

express not what actually happened but what very nearly happened:

3702:

are always positive and usually state what was actually the case:

3180:'after Antiochus had left Egypt, the ambassadors sailed to Cyprus' 801:

However, sometimes the adjective may agree with the nearest noun.

705:

are feminine; the names of trees, islands, and countries, such as

7310:. Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics: Cambridge University Press. 6297: 5958:

The present participle can also be used in an ablative absolute:

5112: 4163: 3590:'Verginius waited until he had a chance to consult his colleague' 3386:'if', the subjunctive expresses an imagined or unreal situation: 2113:

Another unusual feature of Latin, compared with English, is that

1143: 1053:

shows another meaning of the ablative ending, namely 'from', and

729:'Egypt' are also usually feminine, and so on. Some nouns such as 8730:

Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 167; Woodcock (1959), p. 14.

6805:

Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges

4296:

Latin also has a future imperative or 2nd imperative, ending in

3721:'I have no doubt that all your friends will have written to you' 3333:

idque sīc aedificāverat ut in omnibus partibus aedificiī exitūs

9627: 9581: 7187:

Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 429; Walker (1918), p. 652.

6422: 6272: 6213: 6141: 6116: 6002:'without their master ordering it, or knowing, or even present' 4416: 3976: 159: 9626: 6655:, but they also come so that they can be looked at themselves' 5386:'the ambassadors reported that they had Pompey in their power' 1184:

Another idiomatic use is the "dative of the person affected":

1009:'with the ships' has the ablative ending. Although the ending 1003:

is also accusative as it is the goal or object of motion; and

6212:'It is necessary for me to go to Arpinum' / 'I have to go to 6124:'now it is necessary to drink' (i.e. 'now we must celebrate') 3487: 3171:

cum excessisset Aegyptō Antiochus, lēgātī ... Cyprum nāvigant

1220:

The dative is also used with verbs of fighting with someone:

892:'in Rome') and a very limited number of ordinary nouns (e.g. 144: 3986:

fuit mīrificā vigilantiā, quī suō tōtō cōnsulātū somnum nōn

3852:'it was quite impossible that Cleomenes would not be spared' 3460:'that not', the subjunctive can express a negative purpose: 2548:

There are four tenses of the subjunctive, which in the verb

1066:

An example illustrating the genitive case is the following:

1449: 346:'three parts' is reversed to emphasise the number 'three': 251: 9592:

Online version of Gildersleeve & Lodge's Latin Grammar

6838:

Leumann, Manu; J.B. Hofmann, & Anton Szantyr (1977) .

6712:'I think the business will be completed before his return' 4264:'do not terrify me, who am already scared, obscene birds!' 3793:

nūllum adhūc intermīsī diem quīn aliquid ad tē litterārum

2337:'I can see that he is going to get killed by Milo himself' 1694:. Some verbs (conjugations 1 and 2) instead of the Future 6012:('I am') has no participle, except in the compound forms 5378:

lēgātī renūntiāvērunt quod Pompeium in potestāte habērent

3770:

Antiochus nōn sē tenuit quīn contrā suum doctōrem librum

3742:'who does not know that there are three kinds of Greeks?' 2613:

The present subjunctive of 1st conjugation verbs ends in

2609: : 'I would or should have done' (also 'I had done') 930:'Caesar (Nom) gave a signal (Acc.) to the soldiers (Dat)' 4390:

Some verbs have only the second imperative, for example

4346:'when we have finished washing, get washed if you wish'. 4268:

A negative order can also use the perfect subjunctive:

3184:

It can also mean 'in view of the fact that' or 'since':

940:

is the subject of the sentence, and so nominative case;

9587:

Online version of Allen & Greenough's Latin Grammar

6539:

The supine is a rarely used part of the verb ending in

4946:

It is likewise used, as in English, with verbs such as

4538:

The future indicative can be used for polite commands:

3832:'there was not one of the soldiers who was not wounded' 3128:'when they are silent, (it is as if) they are shouting' 3035:'(he said that) they would easily find the place where 3004: 2168:'they go into an ancient forest' (lit. 'going is done') 1808: : 'I was being captured', 'I used to be captured' 1159:

This is an example of the dative of possession, as in:

1111:'of Caesar' or 'Caesar's' is in the genitive case; and 6489:'for others fear of the enemy gave them the boldness ( 6300:

handed this man over in chains to Mithridates for him

5362:'I omit the fact that he chose that house for himself' 4558:'will you please give my regards to Pilia and Attica?' 3409:'which, if I had been killed, could not have happened' 1613: : 'I was doing', 'I used to do', 'I began to do' 8167:

4.22.61; cf. Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 384.

6768:

Devine, Andrew M. & Laurence D. Stephens (2006),

5172:

In this construction, the subject of the infinitive (

4486: 4374:

multum quī tē, Sextille, cinaedum dīxerit et digitum

3883:'nor were they far from being expelled from the camp' 2787:') becomes in more idiomatic English 'he ordered him 605:

The same three genders are also found in the plural:

6770:

Latin Word Order. Structured Meaning and Information

6721:

There is another form of the supine, an Ablative in

6465:

They can also be formed from deponent verbs such as

5271:

Clōdium negant eō diē Rōmam, nisī dē Cȳrō audīsset,

5025:'I urge', are not used with an infinitive, but with 1063:'to', but the accusative case alone indicates 'to'. 6659:In the following example it takes a direct object: 5093:equitātus interim eōrum circum mūnītiōnēs Caesaris 3494:It can also introduce a negative indirect command: 3257:'as generally happens') or 'as soon as' or 'when' ( 2934:'if only he had taken out all his forces with him!' 816:Sanskrit, Armenian, Classical Arabic, and Turkish. 503:'it is a great crop of poets this year has brought' 402:

The technical term for this kind of separation is "

6772:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. xii, 639. 5702:'-ing' and 'who' are other possible translations: 5610:'s arm and stabbed it with his writing instrument' 5295: 5188:in the above examples) is in the accusative case. 4482:'orders must be just, and citizens must obey them' 3299:(in order to consider) where he should go to next' 3276:It can represent purpose ('so that he could...'): 1237:'don't fight with (lit. 'for') two people at once' 7620:See Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), pp. 154-167. 6987:. London: University Tutorial Press. p. 170. 6268:'they sent the military tribune Lucius Septimius 5001:However, other verbs of similar meaning, such as 4491:Other requests are made with expressions such as 4364:'if you eat it (cabbage) raw, dip it in vinegar.' 3241:When followed by the indicative, the conjunction 3078: 9680: 8748:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 331, note 3. 8739:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 334, note 3. 6795:Gildersleeve, B.L. & Gonzalez Lodge (1895). 5804:'they raised a sign from the wall that the town 4600:'I become'), they are here shown using the verb 4205:An imperative is usually made negative by using 1989:'he offered himself to the enemy and was killed' 1819: : 'I was captured', 'I have been captured' 429:'immediately several men, (armed) with weapons, 7580:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 267, note 1 7440:635; cf. Gildersleeve and Lodge (1895), p. 219. 6834:Ausführliche Grammatik der lateinischen Sprache 5442:) : 'doing/making' or 'while doing/making' 4007:Another reason for using the subjunctive after 3966:'they sent ambassadors to Rome to ask for help' 3265:'as soon as I came'). But with the subjunctive 3011:Latin indirect speech § Indirect questions 2543: 1472:'over, above' (Acc.), 'concerning' (Abl.); and 1120: 182:Ausführliche Grammatik der lateinischen Sprache 7321:Grinders and Grammars: A Victorian Controversy 6832:Kühner, Raphael; & Karl Stegmann (1912) . 6073:The gerundive is a verbal adjective ending in 5233:'I hear that Valerius is going to come today' 5113:Accusative and infinitive (indirect statement) 4023:clause are quoted or part of indirect speech: 3887: 2374:'I revolve' (intransitive) or 'I am rolled': 1749: 958:is the direct object, and so accusative case. 543: 364:'Gaul, considered as a whole, is divided into 9612: 8251:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), pp. 369-370. 7988:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), pp. 370-373. 7783:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), pp. 110-114. 7393:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), pp. 218-230. 5408: 5406:in modern French, Portuguese and Spanish and 5339:'the fact that' is used with the indicative: 4584:is irregular in the passive ('to be done' is 3979:who was elected on the last day of the year: 3657:(collem) celeriter, priusquam ab adversāriīs 1744: 879: : 'with the king' (also 'by, from, in') 797:) by lightning' (lit. 'touched from the sky') 121: 7211:Scribe and Critic at Work in Pliny's Letters 6982: 6153:with implacable hatred used to declare that 5614:Literally, 'Caesar with writing instrument ( 5400: 4804:, are sometimes found in indirect speech. 4792:Rarer tenses of the infinitive, for example 4196:'and do not be terrified by threats of war!' 4083:'give me a thousand kisses, then a hundred!' 3753:facere nōn possum quīn ... tibī grātiās agam 2536:in a grammatical sense comes from the Latin 1516:'with me' and sometimes a relative pronoun ( 1207: 1202:'I haven't stolen anything from you' (lit. ' 9387: 9381: 9047: 8041:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), pp. 374-5. 6741: 6732: 6726: 6698: 6686: 6663: 6638: 6604: 6595: 6589: 6575: 6569: 6563: 6554: 6548: 6521: 6507: 6490: 6475: 6466: 6456: 6437: 6404: 6377: 6355: 6333: 6281: 6253: 6222: 6197: 6182: 6174: 6163: 6130: 6106: 6095: 6087: 6045: 6028: 6019: 6013: 6007: 5981: 5962: 5940: 5921: 5900: 5842: 5817: 5808:' (lit. 'of the town having been captured') 5791: 5765: 5728: 5706: 5677: 5651: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5585: 5551: 5528: 5506: 5500: 5494: 5488: 5479: 5469: 5455: 5446: 5437: 5431: 5392: 5376: 5367: 5344: 5313: 5302: 5287: 5269: 5261:'he heard that his brother had been killed' 5247: 5238: 5220: 5197: 5182: 5174: 5157: 5133: 5091: 5069: 5038: 5027: 5019: 5011: 5003: 4983: 4972: 4964: 4956: 4948: 4928: 4904: 4893: 4885: 4840: 4817: 4799: 4793: 4783: 4769: 4761: 4753: 4745: 4737: 4729: 4721: 4713: 4705: 4697: 4689: 4677: 4666: 4655: 4639: 4628: 4617: 4602: 4594: 4586: 4578: 4543: 4520: 4509: 4501: 4493: 4464: 4429: 4406: 4397: 4391: 4369: 4351: 4333: 4312: 4303: 4297: 4273: 4246: 4222: 4207: 4121: 4113: 4028: 4017: 4009: 3984: 3951: 3918: 3907: 3890: 3869: 3858: 3838: 3818: 3791: 3768: 3751: 3727: 3707: 3696: 3688: 3677: 3655: 3643: 3635: 3624: 3599: 3575: 3557: 3533: 3524: 3498: 3464: 3455: 3445: 3415: 3391: 3380: 3363: 3351: 3331: 3308: 3281: 3267: 3259: 3251: 3243: 3232: 3211: 3206:Another, less common, meaning is 'though': 3189: 3169: 3145: 3134: 3117: 3106: 3089: 3048: 3043:It also applies to all indirect questions: 3020: 2987: 2956: 2945: 2919: 2898: 2887: 2862: 2841: 2813: 2802: 2777: 2766: 2749: 2741: 2733: 2725: 2717: 2709: 2694: 2686: 2678: 2666: 2658: 2650: 2642: 2634: 2623: 2603: 2592: 2581: 2570: 2562: 2550: 2505: 2494: 2469: 2458: 2434: 2419: 2411: 2403: 2401:In addition, there are a few verbs such as 2379: 2368: 2360: 2323: 2312: 2304: 2296: 2288: 2267: 2246: 2235: 2227: 2194: 2174: 2154: 2143: 2135: 2127: 2119: 2093: 2060: 2034: 2025: 2019: 1997: 1976: 1967: 1957: 1946: 1935: 1924: 1913: 1905: 1897: 1886: 1871: 1863: 1855: 1847: 1835: 1824: 1813: 1802: 1791: 1783: 1775: 1764: 1731: 1688: 1680: 1672: 1664: 1656: 1648: 1646:'I am', which is irregular, has the tenses 1640: 1581: 1556: 1555:(Horace) 'a wolf in the Sabine forest', or 1550: 1544: 1535: 1529: 1523: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1499: 1490: 1482: 1473: 1467: 1461: 1455: 1441: 1435: 1429: 1419: 1411: 1403: 1395: 1386: 1380: 1374: 1368: 1341: 1319: 1309: 1301: 1293: 1261: 1251: 1243: 1224: 1188: 1163: 1133: 1112: 1106: 1100: 1094: 1070: 1058: 1017: 1004: 998: 992: 986: 962: 953: 947: 941: 935: 914: 893: 887: 874: 865: 856: 847: 838: 829: 770: 745: 731: 723: 715: 707: 687: 679: 671: 663: 645: 628: 611: 589: 572: 555: 525: 517: 509: 495:magnum prōventum poētārum annus hic attulit 493: 458: 447: 439: 413: 377: 351: 295: 287: 279: 271: 256: 244: 232: 224: 216: 208: 9619: 9605: 8721:e.g. Allen & Greenough (1903), p. 262. 6905:Constituent Order in Classical Latin Prose 6559:'I send', the supine is the fourth part. 5211:'a terrible thing had happened (she said)' 3946:It can also mean 'in order to' (purpose): 3856:In the following context, the words after 3357:with the subjunctive can mean 'although'. 3112:means 'at that time when', or 'whenever': 3104:Used with the indicative, the conjunction 2758: 2366:'I turn' (intransitive) or 'I am turned', 2188:'on the seventh day they reached Carthage' 1930: : 'I was entering, 'I used to enter' 952:'I give' (hence the name 'dative'); while 128: 114: 6885:. In P. Cordin, & A. Parenti (Eds.), 6869:, Amsterdam–Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 6429:Occasionally a gerund can be made from a 4807: 4099:'give me your right hands and your oath!' 2217:The infinitive of a passive verb ends in 1466:'under' (Abl.), 'to the foot of' (Acc.); 323: 8992:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 329. 8970:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 355. 8757:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 334. 8699:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 162. 8677:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 176. 8581:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 174. 8556:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 173. 8448:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 402. 8426:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 406. 8386:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 353. 8229:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 368. 8211:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 367. 8141:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 392. 8063:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 375. 7673:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 152. 7536:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 267. 7275:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 183. 7099:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 429. 7042:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 432. 7024:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 430. 7015:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 431. 6983:Hayes, B. J.; Collins, A. J. F. (1931). 6973:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 433. 6925:The Noun Phrase in Classical Latin Prose 5656:que viro 'satin salve?' 'minime!' inquit 5519: 5499:'going to be'. However the derived verb 4446: 4171:'follow me this way inside, both of you' 4127:'I follow' have an imperative ending in 3762:'I can't do otherwise than to thank you' 3729:quis ignōrat quīn tria Graecōrum genera 3617:'let them hate, provided that they fear' 3295:'(Hannibal) came to Crete so that there 2794: 1510:'with' follows a personal pronoun, e.g. 1450:Prepositions with accusative or ablative 7611:Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 88. 6069:Latin tenses § Periphrastic tenses 5682:que prōsilīre aliō vulnere tardātus est 5576: 5505:'I am absent' has a present participle 4878: 4451:A 3rd person imperative also ending in 3840:fierī nūllō modō poterat quīn Cleomenī 2880: 2523: 1706:etc. have a different future ending in 901: 269:'in' generally precedes its noun (e.g. 9681: 9314: 9312: 9310: 9278: 9276: 9091: 9089: 8577: 8575: 8478: 8476: 8093: 8091: 6313:The gerund is a verbal noun ending in 5870:'in the night, in the light of a lamp 5783:itself, the eye discerns other things' 5514: 5119:Latin tenses § Indirect statement 5060: 4424:'know that I am now extremely anxious' 4103: 4050: 3310:imperāvit eī ut omnēs forēs aedificiī 2938: 2286:The Perfect passive has an infinitive 991:as subject of the verb is nominative, 910:show the cases used in a basic sense: 870: : 'to the king', 'for that king' 480:, Brutus shouted out "Cicero" by name' 342:, the usual order of numeral and noun 9600: 7962: 7960: 7532: 7530: 7524:Greenough et al. (1903), pp. 131-136. 7449:Kühner & Stegmann (1912), p. 319. 7165:Divine & Stephens (2006), p. 545. 7143:Divine & Stephens (2006), p. 159. 7134:Divine & Stephens (2006), p. 524. 7033:Devine & Stephens (2006), p. 126. 5335:In other circumstances a clause with 4623: : 'to capture, to be capturing' 4175: 4055: 4030:Paetus omnīs librōs quōs frāter suus 3283:Crētam vēnit ut ibī quō sē cōnferret 3273:has the meaning 'that' or 'so that'. 2632:The present subjunctive of the verbs 2464:'I follow' can take a direct object: 2212: 2108: 2104:'pay was being given to the soldiers' 1941: : 'I entered', 'I have entered' 1408:(Abl.) 'by the king', 'from the king' 301:'the Appian Way') usually follow it. 7081:Devine & Stephens (2006), p. 79. 7050: 7048: 6643:veniunt, veniunt spectentur ut ipsae 6477:aliīs timor hostium audāciam flūmen 5894: 5694:to leap forward he was slowed down ( 5672:"Are you all right?", she said "No!" 5451: : 'done' or 'having been made' 4683: : 'to be going to be captured' 4291: 4200: 3594:Another meaning is 'provided that': 3005:In indirect statements and questions 2921:utinam ille omnīs sēcum suās cōpiās 2261:'he ordered him to be put in chains' 2082: 852: : 'the king' (Object, or Goal) 538: 453:'dagger' creates a dramatic effect: 9307: 9273: 9086: 8572: 8473: 8088: 7480:2.1.16; cf. Woodcock (1959), p. 48. 6950:, Vol. 13, No. 9, pp. 644–657. 6915:. Reviewed by J.G.F. Powell in the 6085:can form an active gerund, such as 6050:Fīdēnae obsessae, Crustumeria capta 5968:'ego ipsa sum' inquit 'hīc hospita' 5168:'I am glad you have arrived safely' 5148:'they pretend that they want peace' 1830: : 'I will have been captured' 1540:(Virgil) 'in the midst of these'. 1151:'what's your name?' (lit. 'what is 415:statim complūrēs cum tēlīs in hunc 195: 13: 9582:Perseus under PhiloLogic home page 7957: 7527: 4918:'it is a sweet and glorious thing 4569:Latin tenses § The infinitive 4487:Other ways of expressing a command 4325:'if anything happens, write to me' 4002: 3621: 1892: : 'I enter', 'I am entering' 353:Gallia est omnis dīvīsa in partes 14: 9700: 9574: 7045: 6677:'they sent ambassadors to Caesar 6509:lignum āridum māteria est idōnea 6255:L. Septimium tribūnum militum ad 6136:esse Carthāginem ... prōnūntiābat 4562: 4015:is to show that the words of the 2700:'I would like, I may wish', etc. 2384:intereā caelum et ruit Ōceanō nox 2341: 1877:'they were captured', and so on. 1606:): 'I will do', 'I will be doing' 1354:'he ordered him' ('gave an order 9562: 9553: 9544: 9531: 9522: 9509: 9496: 9483: 9470: 9461: 9452: 9439: 9430: 9421: 9408: 9395: 9374: 9361: 9348: 9339: 9330: 9321: 9298: 9285: 9264: 9251: 9238: 9225: 9212: 9199: 9190: 9177: 9164: 9155: 9146: 9133: 9124: 9115: 9102: 9077: 9064: 9055: 9038: 9029: 9017: 9008: 8995: 8986: 8973: 8964: 8951: 8942: 8929: 8916: 8907: 8894: 8881: 8869: 8856: 8847: 8834: 8821: 8808: 8795: 8782: 8769: 8760: 8751: 8742: 8733: 8724: 8715: 8702: 8693: 8680: 8671: 8658: 8645: 8632: 8623: 8610: 8597: 8584: 8559: 8550: 8537: 8524: 8511: 8498: 8485: 8464: 8451: 8442: 8429: 8420: 8411: 8402: 8389: 8380: 8367: 8354: 8341: 8328: 8315: 8302: 8289: 8276: 8267: 8254: 8245: 8232: 8223: 8214: 8205: 8196: 8183: 8170: 8157: 8144: 8135: 8126: 8113: 8104: 8079: 8066: 8057: 6944:"Some Facts of Latin Word Order" 6583: 6062: 5890:by this sight, she raised a cry' 5749:his sword, he came to Lucretia, 5418:which are descended from Latin. 4906:dulce et decōrum est prō patriā 4645: : 'to be going to capture' 4287:'do not be afraid on my account' 3871:neque multum āfuit quīn castrīs 3709:nōn dubitō quīn ad tē omnēs tuī 1332:'he did not persuade him (lit. ' 1257:'to be a trouble (to someone)': 997:as direct object is accusative; 760:'my father and mother are dead ( 640: : 'these are my daughters' 433:on my client from higher ground' 394:'for he was carrying with him a 8044: 8035: 8026: 8013: 8004: 7991: 7982: 7973: 7948: 7935: 7926: 7917: 7904: 7891: 7882: 7869: 7856: 7843: 7834: 7825: 7812: 7799: 7786: 7777: 7764: 7751: 7738: 7729: 7716: 7707: 7694: 7685: 7676: 7667: 7654: 7645: 7636: 7623: 7614: 7605: 7596: 7583: 7574: 7565: 7552: 7539: 7518: 7505: 7492: 7483: 7470: 7461: 7452: 7443: 7430: 7417: 7396: 7387: 7378: 7365: 7352: 7339: 7326: 7313: 7300: 7291: 7278: 7269: 7256: 7247: 7234: 7225: 7216: 7203: 7190: 7181: 7168: 7159: 7146: 7137: 7128: 7115: 7102: 7093: 7084: 7075: 7066: 7057: 6856:"Notes on the Cum-Construction" 6848:An Introduction to Latin Syntax 6825:Kennedy, Benjamin Hall (1871). 6802:Greenough, J.B. et al. (1903). 6762: 6716: 6240:'the judge has to be persuaded' 5858:serpentis amplexū. quō aspectū 5296:Other ways of expressing 'that' 4672: : 'to have been captured' 4515:'be careful that you don't...' 3566:When used with the indicative, 3151:domī trīstis, accurrit Venerius 2913:'if only he were here already!' 2511:ad hostium castra māne pervēnit 2397:and night falls upon the Ocean' 2282:'if you wish to be loved, love' 2048:'the citadel has been captured 1564: 1362: 476:'immediately, raising high the 8312:10.24.1 (letter from Plancus). 7036: 7027: 7018: 7009: 7000: 6991: 6976: 6967: 6433:and can take a direct object: 6350:here, you have saved the army' 6283:hunc Dātamēs vīnctum ad rēgem 5421: 4412:mē esse in summā sollicitūdine 4076:mī bāsia mīlle, deinde centum! 3970: 3079:Subjunctive after conjunctions 2598: : 'I have done', 'I did' 2302:) plus the passive infinitive 2095:mīlitibus stīpendium (dabātur) 1620: : 'I did', 'I have done' 1176:'he had two daughters' (lit. ' 804: 507:In this sentence, the object ( 468:Cicerōnem nōminātim exclāmāvit 1: 8202:Woodcock (1959), pp. 144-147. 7006:Spevak (2010); Spevak (2014). 6997:Devine & Stephens (2006). 6961: 6534: 6308: 5796:oppidī signum ex mūrō tollunt 5216:participle is the following: 5104:'meanwhile the enemy cavalry 4335:ubi nōs lāverimus, sī volēs, 4151:'the gates are open: depart!' 3674: 2868:quicquam mē vīdisse pulchrius 1952: : 'I will have entered' 1841: : 'I had been captured' 1797:) : 'I will be captured' 1424:(Abl.) 'from/out of the city' 584: : 'this is my daughter' 6854:Nutting, Herbert C. (1920). 6797:Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar 6665:lēgātōs ad Caesarem mittunt 6556:mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum 5572:(those who had been killed)' 5474: : 'needing to be made' 4735:'I am able' has infinitives 4255:timentem, obscēnae volucrēs! 3554: 3474:, ephorī valvās obstrūxērunt 3086: 2629:'I may love, I would love'. 2544:Formation of the subjunctive 2346:Most of the verbs ending in 1595: : 'I do', 'I am doing' 1478:'under' (usually with Acc.) 1121:Idioms using the dative case 906:The following examples from 488:begins a letter as follows: 7: 9528:Woodcock (1959), pp. 112-3. 9436:Woodcock (1959), pp. 161-2. 8132:Woodcock (1959), pp. 114ff. 8110:Woodcock (1959), pp. 101ff. 8085:Woodcock (1959), pp. 108ff. 8010:Woodcock (1959), pp. 187ff. 7954:Woodcock (1959), pp. 223ff. 7384:Woodcock (1959), pp. 38-50. 7253:Kennedy (1930) , pp. 14-15. 6700:ante reditum eius negōtium 6455:incongruous things laughs ( 5886:with the coils of a snake; 5851:nūtrīx animadvertit puerum 3953:lēgātōs Rōmam quī auxilium 3442: 3360: 3229: 3000:'you should not fear death' 1999:ubi ad rādīcēs montium ... 1750:Passive and deponent tenses 1460:'in' (Abl), 'into' (Acc.); 697:(unless referring to men), 623: : 'these are my sons' 544:Gender and number agreement 10: 9705: 9196:Woodcock (1959), pp. 73-4. 9152:Woodcock (1959), pp. 75-6. 8238:Accius, quoted in Cicero, 7489:Woodcock (1959), pp. 41-2. 7467:Woodcock (1959), pp. 48-9. 7323:(The Textbook Colloquium). 7319:Christopher Stray (1996), 7262:The appendix of Kennedy's 6985:Matriculation Latin Course 6937:Review by Patrick McFadden 6917:Bryn Mawr Classical Review 6875:Latin Syntax and Semantics 6799:. 3rd Edition. (Macmillan) 6066: 5460: : 'going to do/make' 5159:salvom tē advēnisse gaudeō 5116: 5033:and the subjunctive mood: 4634: : 'to have captured' 4566: 4353:crūdam si edēs, in acētum 3941: 3900: 3515:'Timoleon begged them all 3371: 3097: 3008: 2856:'what if I had done this?' 1978:sē hostibus obtulit atque 1869:'she or it was captured'; 1745:Passive and deponent verbs 1627: : 'I will have done' 1568: 1180:there were two daughters') 808: 327: 285:'in a loud voice', rarely 199: 9638: 7571:Walker (1918), pp. 651-2. 7072:Spevak (2014), pp. 212ff. 6942:Walker, Arthur T. (1918) 6526:) is a suitable material 6040:'when I was a little boy' 5390:This type of clause with 5366:In less educated authors 5319:lēgātī Prūsiae Rōmae ... 4997:'I want you to know this' 4534:'make sure you keep well' 3486:to escape from here, the 3374:Latin conditional clauses 1861:'he or it was captured'; 657:: 'these things are mine' 535:in the last three words. 511:magnum prōventum poētārum 82:Subjunctive by attraction 9559:Woodcock (1959), p. 112. 9345:Woodcock (1959), p. 164. 9318:Woodcock (1959), p. 159. 9282:Woodcock (1959), p. 158. 9049:Ars Minor: de participio 8948:Woodcock (1959), p. 235. 8408:Woodcock (1959), p. 109. 6827:The Revised Latin Primer 6811:Hopper, Paul J. (1985). 6550:ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum 6368:'alkaline water is good 6357:aqua nitrōsa ūtilis est 5878:, noticed that the boy, 5587:Caesar Cascae bracchium 5222:Valerium hodiē audiēbam 5108:round Caesar's defences' 4661: : 'to be captured' 3924:, vidētur quī aliquandō 2783:(literally, 'he ordered 2684:'I may be, I would be', 2176:septimō diē Carthāginem 2030:with the ablative case: 1968:The use of passive verbs 1561:(Livy) 'in great fear'. 1500:Position of prepositions 1440:(Abl) 'with the ships', 772:mūrus et porta dē caelō 677:'mountain' (masculine), 9130:Woodcock (1959), p. 73. 9061:Woodcock (1959), p. 77. 9035:Woodcock (1959), p. 71. 9014:Woodcock (1959), p. 23. 8853:Woodcock (1959), p. 15. 7923:Woodcock (1959), p. 85. 7888:Woodcock (1959), p. 87. 7840:Woodcock (1959), p. 89. 7831:Woodcock (1959), p. 83. 7691:Woodcock (1959), p. 43. 7090:Spevak (2010), pp. 2ff. 6953:Woodcock, E.C. (1959), 6872:Pinkster, Harm (1990), 6865:Panhuis, D.G.J. (1982) 6338:hūc exercitum servāstis 5884:had been wrapped around 4507:'see to it that...' or 4314:sī quid acciderit, ... 3820:nēmo fuit militum quīn 3577:Verginius dum collēgam 3548:he might be handed over 3100:Temporal clause (Latin) 2759:Uses of the subjunctive 1963: : 'I had entered' 1919:) : 'I will enter' 9388: 9382: 9048: 7054:Walker (1918), p. 648. 6784:. See also reviews by 6742: 6733: 6727: 6699: 6687: 6664: 6639: 6605: 6596: 6590: 6576: 6570: 6564: 6555: 6549: 6522: 6508: 6491: 6476: 6467: 6457: 6438: 6409:causā, Delphōs ēscendī 6405: 6378: 6356: 6334: 6282: 6254: 6223: 6198: 6183: 6175: 6164: 6132:Catō inexpiābilī odiō 6131: 6107: 6096: 6088: 6046: 6029: 6020: 6014: 6008: 5982: 5963: 5941: 5922: 5917:. Other examples are: 5901: 5843: 5818: 5792: 5766: 5729: 5707: 5678: 5652: 5640: 5634: 5628: 5622: 5616: 5586: 5552: 5529: 5507: 5501: 5495: 5489: 5480: 5470: 5456: 5447: 5438: 5432: 5409: 5401: 5393: 5377: 5368: 5345: 5314: 5303: 5288: 5270: 5248: 5239: 5221: 5198: 5183: 5175: 5158: 5134: 5092: 5084:began shouting at once 5070: 5039: 5028: 5020: 5012: 5004: 4984: 4973: 4965: 4957: 4949: 4929: 4905: 4894: 4886: 4874:as something shameful' 4841: 4818: 4808:Uses of the infinitive 4800: 4794: 4784: 4770: 4762: 4754: 4746: 4738: 4730: 4722: 4714: 4706: 4698: 4690: 4678: 4667: 4656: 4640: 4629: 4618: 4603: 4595: 4592:, taken from the verb 4587: 4579: 4544: 4521: 4510: 4502: 4494: 4465: 4430: 4407: 4398: 4392: 4370: 4352: 4334: 4313: 4304: 4298: 4274: 4247: 4223: 4208: 4122: 4114: 4029: 4018: 4010: 3985: 3952: 3919: 3908: 3891: 3870: 3859: 3839: 3819: 3792: 3769: 3752: 3728: 3708: 3697: 3689: 3678: 3656: 3644: 3636: 3625: 3600: 3576: 3558: 3534: 3525: 3500:Tīmoleōn ōrāvit omnēs 3499: 3465: 3456: 3446: 3416: 3392: 3381: 3364: 3352: 3332: 3309: 3282: 3268: 3260: 3252: 3244: 3233: 3213:nihil mē adiūvit, cum 3212: 3190: 3170: 3146: 3135: 3118: 3107: 3090: 3049: 3021: 2988: 2957: 2946: 2920: 2899: 2888: 2863: 2842: 2814: 2803: 2778: 2767: 2750: 2742: 2734: 2726: 2718: 2710: 2695: 2687: 2679: 2667: 2659: 2651: 2643: 2635: 2624: 2604: 2593: 2582: 2571: 2563: 2551: 2506: 2495: 2470: 2459: 2435: 2420: 2412: 2404: 2380: 2369: 2361: 2324: 2313: 2305: 2297: 2289: 2268: 2247: 2236: 2228: 2225:(other conjugations): 2195: 2175: 2155: 2144: 2136: 2128: 2120: 2094: 2061: 2035: 2026: 2020: 1998: 1977: 1958: 1947: 1944:Future Perfect : 1936: 1925: 1914: 1906: 1898: 1887: 1872: 1864: 1856: 1848: 1836: 1825: 1822:Future Perfect : 1814: 1803: 1792: 1784: 1776: 1765: 1732: 1689: 1681: 1673: 1665: 1657: 1649: 1641: 1623:Future Perfect : 1587:'to make' or 'to do': 1582: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1536: 1530: 1524: 1518: 1512: 1506: 1491: 1483: 1474: 1468: 1462: 1456: 1442: 1436: 1430: 1420: 1412: 1404: 1396: 1387: 1381: 1375: 1369: 1342: 1320: 1310: 1302: 1294: 1262: 1252: 1244: 1225: 1208: 1189: 1164: 1134: 1113: 1107: 1101: 1095: 1071: 1059: 1018: 1005: 999: 993: 987: 963: 954: 948: 942: 936: 915: 894: 888: 875: 866: 857: 848: 839: 830: 771: 746: 732: 724: 716: 708: 688: 680: 672: 664: 646: 629: 612: 590: 573: 556: 526: 518: 510: 494: 459: 448: 440: 414: 378: 352: 324:Examples of word order 296: 288: 280: 272: 257: 245: 233: 225: 217: 209: 7306:Blake, Barry (1994). 6923:Spevak, Olga (2014). 6903:Spevak, Olga (2010). 6900:, vol. 38, issue 1-2. 6881:Pinkster, H. (2016). 6860:The Classical Journal 6840:Lateinische Grammatik 6629:a game, Virgil and I 6067:Further information: 5907:absolute construction 5880:while he was sleeping 5781:although it can't see 5751:when she was sleeping 5520:Adjectival participle 5123:Latin indirect speech 5117:Further information: 4834:'to live is to think' 4567:Further information: 4447:3rd person imperative 3490:blocked up the doors' 3098:Further information: 3067:'perhaps you ask why 3009:Further information: 2795:Potential subjunctive 2484:'he ordered this man 2221:(3rd conjugation) or 2074:'the earth is seized 1737:'I was about to do'. 1569:Further information: 1552:silvā lupus in Sabīnā 1487:(Acc) 'into the city' 1434:(Acc) 'to Canusium', 1263:nēminī meus adventus 1168:... duae fuēre fīliae 861: : 'of the king' 809:Further information: 328:Further information: 186:Lateinische Grammatik 16:Part of Latin grammar 9386:is a contraction of 7264:Revised Latin Primer 6822:61-2, 1985, 466-470. 6808:. Boston and London. 6786:M. Esperanza Torrego 6746:quam rē facilius est 6244:The gerundive after 5946:Turnī, dēserit mūrōs 5830:'she tore her hair, 5577:Participle as a verb 5542:'he was doused with 5484:, 'having set out'. 4879:Prolative infinitive 4719:(often shortened to 4240:'don't be surprised' 3484:he would not be able 3249:can mean 'as' (e.g. 2961:, mea Lesbia, atque 2881:Optative subjunctive 2672:'I prefer', ends in 2524:The subjunctive mood 2328:ab ipsō Milōne videō 2241:'to be heard', etc. 2199:Cluviō ut mentīrētur 2078:(i.e. catches fire)' 1634: : 'I had done' 902:Examples of case use 747:patēr mihī et mātēr 478:blood-stained dagger 464:altē tollēns Brūtus 445:'blood-stained' and 37:Uses of the ablative 9052:; Quintilian 9.3.9. 6892:Rose, H.J. (1924). 6845:Mair, John (1750), 6782:Google books sample 6679:in order to ask for 6543:or (in some verbs) 6391:'weather suitable ( 5915:nominative absolute 5819:crīnīs scindit ... 5698:) by another wound' 5515:Uses of participles 5061:Historic infinitive 4687:The infinitives of 4499:'take care to...', 4442:'but remember this' 4104:Deponent imperative 4051:The imperative mood 3119:cum tacent, clāmant 3054:, fortasse requīris 2939:Jussive subjunctive 2815:dūrum hoc fortasse 2664:'I don't want' and 2500:'having set out'): 2393:'meanwhile the sky 1754:In addition to the 1495:(Abl) 'in the city' 1206:'; compare German: 1105:'to' or 'towards'; 1049:is subject (Nom.), 793:) had been struck ( 685:'tree' (feminine), 601:: 'this is my body' 523:for the more usual 250:'he sets up camp', 158:The study of Latin 92:Clausula (rhetoric) 72:Conditional clauses 9336:Quntilian, 7.3.15. 9304:Florus, 1.31.15.4. 9024:Bellum Hispaniense 8530:Seneca the Elder, 6955:A New Latin Syntax 6813:Review of Panhuis 6731:'amazing to say', 6651:'(the girls) come 6528:for lighting fires 6511:ēliciendīs ignibus 6421:, I climbed up to 6157:must be destroyed' 5862:clāmōrem sustulit. 5106:kept on patrolling 5099:(Bellum Africanum) 5017:'I persuade', and 4922:for one's country' 4470:, īsque cīvēs ... 4176:Passive imperative 4160:mē hūc intrō ambae 4092:dexterās fidemque! 4056:Present imperative 3888:Subjunctive after 2601:Pluperfect : 2213:Passive infinitive 2159:in antīquam silvam 2115:intransitive verbs 2109:Impersonal passive 2003:, signum extemplō 1955:Pluperfect : 1833:Pluperfect : 1630:Pluperfect : 1279:'my arrival was a 1127:A New Latin Syntax 846:Accusative : 828:Nominative : 567:: 'this is my son' 419:dē locō superiōre 396:large sum of money 318:functional grammar 306:generative grammar 254:more often writes 190:A New Latin Syntax 42:Uses of the dative 9676: 9675: 9632:world's languages 6948:Classical Journal 6862:, Vol. 16, No. 1. 6495:) to enter (lit. 6363:(Pliny the Elder) 6287:trādit Mithridātī 6259:Pompeium mīsērunt 6093:'following' from 5966:audientibus nōbīs 5942:at pater Aenēas, 5911:genitive absolute 5895:Ablative absolute 5813:the main action: 5806:had been captured 5468:Gerundive : 5416:Romance languages 4942:'I can't bear it' 4853:... turpe dūcimus 4292:Future imperative 4201:Negative commands 3633:The conjunctions 3395:interfectus essem 3297:he could consider 3026:facile inventūrōs 2977:, my Lesbia, and 2785:that he should go 2779:imperāvit ut īret 2692:'I may be able', 2579:Imperfect : 2233:'to be captured, 2083:Passive of 'give' 1922:Imperfect : 1800:Imperfect : 1609:Imperfect : 1575:Latin conjugation 1416:(Abl.) 'with him' 843: : 'o king!' 609:Masculine : 553:Masculine : 539:Gender and number 486:Pliny the Younger 138: 137: 9696: 9621: 9614: 9607: 9598: 9597: 9569: 9566: 9560: 9557: 9551: 9550:Kennedy, p. 167. 9548: 9542: 9535: 9529: 9526: 9520: 9513: 9507: 9500: 9494: 9487: 9481: 9474: 9468: 9467:Kennedy, p. 165. 9465: 9459: 9456: 9450: 9443: 9437: 9434: 9428: 9425: 9419: 9412: 9406: 9399: 9393: 9391: 9385: 9378: 9372: 9365: 9359: 9352: 9346: 9343: 9337: 9334: 9328: 9325: 9319: 9316: 9305: 9302: 9296: 9289: 9283: 9280: 9271: 9268: 9262: 9255: 9249: 9242: 9236: 9229: 9223: 9216: 9210: 9203: 9197: 9194: 9188: 9181: 9175: 9168: 9162: 9159: 9153: 9150: 9144: 9137: 9131: 9128: 9122: 9119: 9113: 9106: 9100: 9093: 9084: 9081: 9075: 9068: 9062: 9059: 9053: 9051: 9042: 9036: 9033: 9027: 9021: 9015: 9012: 9006: 8999: 8993: 8990: 8984: 8977: 8971: 8968: 8962: 8955: 8949: 8946: 8940: 8933: 8927: 8920: 8914: 8911: 8905: 8898: 8892: 8885: 8879: 8876:Bellum Africanum 8873: 8867: 8860: 8854: 8851: 8845: 8838: 8832: 8825: 8819: 8812: 8806: 8799: 8793: 8786: 8780: 8773: 8767: 8766:Kennedy, p. 162. 8764: 8758: 8755: 8749: 8746: 8740: 8737: 8731: 8728: 8722: 8719: 8713: 8706: 8700: 8697: 8691: 8684: 8678: 8675: 8669: 8662: 8656: 8649: 8643: 8636: 8630: 8629:Martial, 2.28.2. 8627: 8621: 8614: 8608: 8601: 8595: 8588: 8582: 8579: 8570: 8563: 8557: 8554: 8548: 8541: 8535: 8528: 8522: 8515: 8509: 8502: 8496: 8489: 8483: 8480: 8471: 8468: 8462: 8455: 8449: 8446: 8440: 8433: 8427: 8424: 8418: 8415: 8409: 8406: 8400: 8393: 8387: 8384: 8378: 8371: 8365: 8358: 8352: 8345: 8339: 8332: 8326: 8319: 8313: 8306: 8300: 8293: 8287: 8280: 8274: 8271: 8265: 8258: 8252: 8249: 8243: 8236: 8230: 8227: 8221: 8218: 8212: 8209: 8203: 8200: 8194: 8187: 8181: 8174: 8168: 8161: 8155: 8148: 8142: 8139: 8133: 8130: 8124: 8117: 8111: 8108: 8102: 8095: 8086: 8083: 8077: 8070: 8064: 8061: 8055: 8054:. 142 et passim. 8048: 8042: 8039: 8033: 8030: 8024: 8017: 8011: 8008: 8002: 7995: 7989: 7986: 7980: 7977: 7971: 7964: 7955: 7952: 7946: 7939: 7933: 7930: 7924: 7921: 7915: 7908: 7902: 7895: 7889: 7886: 7880: 7873: 7867: 7860: 7854: 7847: 7841: 7838: 7832: 7829: 7823: 7816: 7810: 7803: 7797: 7790: 7784: 7781: 7775: 7768: 7762: 7755: 7749: 7742: 7736: 7733: 7727: 7720: 7714: 7711: 7705: 7698: 7692: 7689: 7683: 7680: 7674: 7671: 7665: 7658: 7652: 7649: 7643: 7640: 7634: 7627: 7621: 7618: 7612: 7609: 7603: 7600: 7594: 7587: 7581: 7578: 7572: 7569: 7563: 7556: 7550: 7543: 7537: 7534: 7525: 7522: 7516: 7509: 7503: 7496: 7490: 7487: 7481: 7474: 7468: 7465: 7459: 7458:Catullus, 62.64. 7456: 7450: 7447: 7441: 7434: 7428: 7421: 7415: 7400: 7394: 7391: 7385: 7382: 7376: 7369: 7363: 7356: 7350: 7343: 7337: 7330: 7324: 7317: 7311: 7304: 7298: 7295: 7289: 7282: 7276: 7273: 7267: 7260: 7254: 7251: 7245: 7238: 7232: 7229: 7223: 7220: 7214: 7207: 7201: 7194: 7188: 7185: 7179: 7172: 7166: 7163: 7157: 7150: 7144: 7141: 7135: 7132: 7126: 7119: 7113: 7106: 7100: 7097: 7091: 7088: 7082: 7079: 7073: 7070: 7064: 7063:H.J. Rose (1924) 7061: 7055: 7052: 7043: 7040: 7034: 7031: 7025: 7022: 7016: 7013: 7007: 7004: 6998: 6995: 6989: 6988: 6980: 6974: 6971: 6898:Classical Review 6758:than in reality' 6748: 6736: 6730: 6706: 6693: 6671: 6645: 6615: 6613:ego Vergiliusque 6599: 6593: 6579: 6573: 6567: 6558: 6552: 6525: 6514: 6494: 6483: 6470: 6460: 6445: 6411: 6385: 6362: 6340: 6289: 6261: 6229: 6205: 6186: 6178: 6167: 6138: 6113: 6099: 6091: 6052: 6034: 6023: 6017: 6011: 5996: 5993:praesente dominō 5970: 5948: 5929: 5927:impetum fēcērunt 5904: 5876:who had woken up 5864: 5824: 5798: 5773: 5755:who was sleeping 5739: 5713: 5684: 5658: 5643: 5637: 5631: 5625: 5619: 5593: 5591:graphiō trāiēcit 5558: 5536: 5510: 5504: 5498: 5492: 5483: 5473: 5459: 5450: 5441: 5435: 5412: 5404: 5396: 5380: 5371: 5355: 5324: 5306: 5291: 5276: 5273:fuisse reditūrum 5255: 5242: 5227: 5204: 5186: 5178: 5161: 5141: 5098: 5076: 5049: 5031: 5023: 5015: 5007: 4990: 4976: 4968: 4960: 4952: 4935: 4930:nōn possum haec 4911: 4897: 4889: 4855: 4827: 4803: 4797: 4787: 4773: 4765: 4757: 4749: 4741: 4733: 4725: 4717: 4709: 4701: 4693: 4681: 4670: 4659: 4643: 4632: 4621: 4606: 4598: 4590: 4582: 4551: 4527: 4513: 4505: 4497: 4475: 4436: 4414: 4401: 4395: 4380: 4358: 4340: 4319: 4307: 4301: 4280: 4257: 4233:Seneca the Elder 4229: 4211: 4125: 4117: 4036: 4021: 4013: 3991: 3959: 3930: 3911: 3894: 3876: 3862: 3845: 3825: 3798: 3775: 3755: 3735: 3714: 3700: 3692: 3686:The conjunction 3681: 3663: 3647: 3639: 3628: 3606: 3583: 3561: 3540: 3528: 3523:The conjunction 3509: 3476: 3459: 3449: 3431: 3402: 3384: 3367: 3355: 3338: 3315: 3288: 3271: 3263: 3255: 3247: 3236: 3218: 3196: 3173: 3153: 3138: 3121: 3110: 3093: 3056: 3028: 2994: 2966: 2949: 2927: 2906: 2891: 2870: 2849: 2820: 2806: 2781: 2770: 2753: 2745: 2737: 2729: 2721: 2713: 2698: 2690: 2682: 2670: 2662: 2654: 2646: 2638: 2627: 2607: 2596: 2585: 2574: 2566: 2556:are as follows: 2554: 2530:subjunctive mood 2513: 2498: 2477: 2462: 2441: 2436:ipse in Italiam 2423: 2415: 2407: 2386: 2372: 2364: 2330: 2316: 2308: 2300: 2292: 2275: 2254: 2239: 2231: 2201: 2181: 2161: 2147: 2139: 2131: 2123: 2097: 2068: 2042: 2029: 2023: 2008: 1984: 1961: 1950: 1939: 1928: 1917: 1909: 1901: 1890: 1875: 1867: 1859: 1851: 1839: 1828: 1817: 1806: 1795: 1787: 1779: 1768: 1735: 1729:'I am', such as 1722:'I will love'. 1692: 1684: 1676: 1668: 1660: 1652: 1644: 1585: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1539: 1533: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1509: 1494: 1486: 1477: 1471: 1465: 1459: 1445: 1439: 1433: 1423: 1415: 1407: 1399: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1372: 1348: 1326: 1313: 1305: 1297: 1273: 1255: 1249:'to be of use', 1247: 1231: 1215: 1213:nichts gestohlen 1196: 1170: 1141: 1116: 1110: 1104: 1098: 1084: 1062: 1028: 1008: 1002: 996: 990: 976: 957: 951: 945: 939: 925: 897: 891: 878: 873:Ablative : 869: 860: 855:Genitive : 851: 842: 837:Vocative : 833: 811:Latin declension 778: 753: 735: 727: 719: 711: 691: 683: 675: 667: 655: 638: 626:Feminine : 621: 599: 582: 570:Feminine : 565: 529: 521: 513: 497: 470: 451: 443: 431:launch an attack 424: 388: 358: 299: 291: 283: 275: 260: 248: 236: 228: 220: 212: 202:Latin word order 196:Latin word order 167:'s Latin Grammar 130: 123: 116: 87:Temporal clauses 19: 18: 9704: 9703: 9699: 9698: 9697: 9695: 9694: 9693: 9679: 9678: 9677: 9672: 9634: 9625: 9577: 9572: 9568:Livy, 40.35.13. 9567: 9563: 9558: 9554: 9549: 9545: 9536: 9532: 9527: 9523: 9514: 9510: 9501: 9497: 9488: 9484: 9475: 9471: 9466: 9462: 9457: 9453: 9444: 9440: 9435: 9431: 9426: 9422: 9413: 9409: 9400: 9396: 9379: 9375: 9366: 9362: 9353: 9349: 9344: 9340: 9335: 9331: 9327:Cicero, 13.9.2. 9326: 9322: 9317: 9308: 9303: 9299: 9290: 9286: 9281: 9274: 9269: 9265: 9256: 9252: 9243: 9239: 9230: 9226: 9217: 9213: 9204: 9200: 9195: 9191: 9182: 9178: 9169: 9165: 9160: 9156: 9151: 9147: 9138: 9134: 9129: 9125: 9120: 9116: 9107: 9103: 9094: 9087: 9083:Eutropius, 2.11 9082: 9078: 9069: 9065: 9060: 9056: 9043: 9039: 9034: 9030: 9022: 9018: 9013: 9009: 9000: 8996: 8991: 8987: 8978: 8974: 8969: 8965: 8956: 8952: 8947: 8943: 8937:dē Cōnsōlātiōne 8934: 8930: 8921: 8917: 8912: 8908: 8899: 8895: 8886: 8882: 8874: 8870: 8861: 8857: 8852: 8848: 8839: 8835: 8826: 8822: 8813: 8809: 8800: 8796: 8787: 8783: 8774: 8770: 8765: 8761: 8756: 8752: 8747: 8743: 8738: 8734: 8729: 8725: 8720: 8716: 8707: 8703: 8698: 8694: 8685: 8681: 8676: 8672: 8663: 8659: 8650: 8646: 8637: 8633: 8628: 8624: 8618:de Agri Cultura 8615: 8611: 8602: 8598: 8589: 8585: 8580: 8573: 8564: 8560: 8555: 8551: 8542: 8538: 8529: 8525: 8516: 8512: 8503: 8499: 8490: 8486: 8481: 8474: 8469: 8465: 8456: 8452: 8447: 8443: 8434: 8430: 8425: 8421: 8416: 8412: 8407: 8403: 8394: 8390: 8385: 8381: 8372: 8368: 8359: 8355: 8346: 8342: 8333: 8329: 8320: 8316: 8307: 8303: 8294: 8290: 8281: 8277: 8272: 8268: 8259: 8255: 8250: 8246: 8237: 8233: 8228: 8224: 8219: 8215: 8210: 8206: 8201: 8197: 8188: 8184: 8175: 8171: 8162: 8158: 8149: 8145: 8140: 8136: 8131: 8127: 8118: 8114: 8109: 8105: 8096: 8089: 8084: 8080: 8071: 8067: 8062: 8058: 8049: 8045: 8040: 8036: 8031: 8027: 8018: 8014: 8009: 8005: 7996: 7992: 7987: 7983: 7978: 7974: 7965: 7958: 7953: 7949: 7940: 7936: 7931: 7927: 7922: 7918: 7909: 7905: 7896: 7892: 7887: 7883: 7874: 7870: 7861: 7857: 7848: 7844: 7839: 7835: 7830: 7826: 7817: 7813: 7804: 7800: 7791: 7787: 7782: 7778: 7769: 7765: 7756: 7752: 7743: 7739: 7734: 7730: 7721: 7717: 7712: 7708: 7699: 7695: 7690: 7686: 7681: 7677: 7672: 7668: 7659: 7655: 7650: 7646: 7641: 7637: 7628: 7624: 7619: 7615: 7610: 7606: 7601: 7597: 7588: 7584: 7579: 7575: 7570: 7566: 7557: 7553: 7544: 7540: 7535: 7528: 7523: 7519: 7510: 7506: 7497: 7493: 7488: 7484: 7475: 7471: 7466: 7462: 7457: 7453: 7448: 7444: 7435: 7431: 7422: 7418: 7401: 7397: 7392: 7388: 7383: 7379: 7370: 7366: 7357: 7353: 7344: 7340: 7331: 7327: 7318: 7314: 7305: 7301: 7296: 7292: 7283: 7279: 7274: 7270: 7261: 7257: 7252: 7248: 7239: 7235: 7230: 7226: 7221: 7217: 7208: 7204: 7195: 7191: 7186: 7182: 7173: 7169: 7164: 7160: 7151: 7147: 7142: 7138: 7133: 7129: 7120: 7116: 7107: 7103: 7098: 7094: 7089: 7085: 7080: 7076: 7071: 7067: 7062: 7058: 7053: 7046: 7041: 7037: 7032: 7028: 7023: 7019: 7014: 7010: 7005: 7001: 6996: 6992: 6981: 6977: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6765: 6719: 6586: 6537: 6431:transitive verb 6321:(genitive), or 6311: 6071: 6065: 5913:or the English 5897: 5832:making it loose 5737:Lucrētiam vēnit 5632:) the grabbed ( 5579: 5568:'he buried the 5534:... perfunditur 5522: 5517: 5445:Perfect : 5430:Present : 5424: 5350:eam sibī domum 5298: 5125: 5115: 5063: 4891:'I am able' or 4881: 4810: 4801:captūrus fuisse 4664:Perfect : 4653:Present : 4626:Perfect : 4615:Present : 4571: 4565: 4545:Pīliae salūtem 4489: 4449: 4294: 4203: 4178: 4140:patent portae: 4119:'I set out' or 4106: 4062:imperative mood 4058: 4053: 4005: 4003:Reported speech 3973: 3944: 3903: 3898: 3684: 3631: 3564: 3452: 3397:, accidere nōn 3376: 3370: 3239: 3102: 3096: 3081: 3013: 3007: 2941: 2883: 2797: 2761: 2590:Perfect : 2560:Present : 2546: 2526: 2344: 2215: 2111: 2085: 1980:interfectus est 1970: 1933:Perfect : 1884:Present : 1811:Perfect : 1762:Present : 1752: 1747: 1616:Perfect : 1591:Present : 1577: 1567: 1502: 1452: 1365: 1123: 1037:(Abl) sets out 904: 813: 807: 546: 541: 332: 326: 204: 198: 143:is the part of 134: 77:Indirect speech 17: 12: 11: 5: 9702: 9692: 9691: 9674: 9673: 9671: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9654: 9653: 9645: 9639: 9636: 9635: 9624: 9623: 9616: 9609: 9601: 9595: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9576: 9575:External links 9573: 9571: 9570: 9561: 9552: 9543: 9530: 9521: 9508: 9495: 9482: 9469: 9460: 9451: 9438: 9429: 9420: 9407: 9394: 9373: 9360: 9347: 9338: 9329: 9320: 9306: 9297: 9284: 9272: 9263: 9250: 9237: 9224: 9211: 9198: 9189: 9176: 9163: 9154: 9145: 9132: 9123: 9114: 9101: 9085: 9076: 9063: 9054: 9037: 9028: 9016: 9007: 8994: 8985: 8972: 8963: 8950: 8941: 8928: 8915: 8906: 8893: 8880: 8868: 8855: 8846: 8833: 8820: 8807: 8794: 8781: 8768: 8759: 8750: 8741: 8732: 8723: 8714: 8701: 8692: 8679: 8670: 8657: 8644: 8631: 8622: 8609: 8596: 8583: 8571: 8558: 8549: 8536: 8523: 8510: 8497: 8484: 8472: 8463: 8450: 8441: 8428: 8419: 8410: 8401: 8388: 8379: 8366: 8353: 8340: 8327: 8314: 8301: 8288: 8275: 8266: 8253: 8244: 8231: 8222: 8220:Livy, 4.21.10. 8213: 8204: 8195: 8182: 8169: 8156: 8143: 8134: 8125: 8112: 8103: 8087: 8078: 8065: 8056: 8043: 8034: 8025: 8012: 8003: 7990: 7981: 7972: 7956: 7947: 7934: 7932:Catullus, 5.1. 7925: 7916: 7903: 7890: 7881: 7868: 7855: 7842: 7833: 7824: 7811: 7798: 7785: 7776: 7763: 7750: 7737: 7728: 7715: 7706: 7693: 7684: 7675: 7666: 7653: 7644: 7642:Livy, 22.17.1. 7635: 7622: 7613: 7604: 7602:Livy, 9.37.11. 7595: 7582: 7573: 7564: 7551: 7538: 7526: 7517: 7504: 7491: 7482: 7469: 7460: 7451: 7442: 7429: 7416: 7395: 7386: 7377: 7364: 7351: 7338: 7325: 7312: 7299: 7297:Livy, 32.29.1. 7290: 7277: 7268: 7255: 7246: 7233: 7224: 7215: 7202: 7189: 7180: 7167: 7158: 7145: 7136: 7127: 7114: 7101: 7092: 7083: 7074: 7065: 7056: 7044: 7035: 7026: 7017: 7008: 6999: 6990: 6975: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6951: 6940: 6921: 6901: 6890: 6879: 6870: 6863: 6852: 6843: 6836: 6830: 6823: 6809: 6800: 6793: 6764: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6754:'it is easier 6751: 6750: 6737:'easy to do': 6728:mīrābile dictū 6718: 6715: 6714: 6713: 6709: 6708: 6683: 6682: 6674: 6673: 6657: 6656: 6648: 6647: 6635: 6634: 6618: 6617: 6585: 6582: 6536: 6533: 6532: 6531: 6517: 6516: 6501: 6500: 6486: 6485: 6463: 6462: 6448: 6447: 6443:rīsūs moventur 6427: 6426: 6419:of sacrificing 6417:'for the sake 6414: 6413: 6401: 6400: 6388: 6387: 6374: 6373: 6365: 6364: 6352: 6351: 6343: 6342: 6317:(accusative), 6310: 6307: 6306: 6305: 6293: 6292: 6277: 6276: 6265: 6264: 6257:interficiendum 6242: 6241: 6237: 6236: 6218: 6217: 6209: 6208: 6159: 6158: 6146: 6145: 6126: 6125: 6121: 6120: 6083:deponent verbs 6064: 6061: 6060: 6059: 6055: 6054: 6048:hīs cōnsulibus 6042: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6004: 6003: 5999: 5998: 5978: 5977: 5973: 5972: 5956: 5955: 5951: 5950: 5937: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5902:strīctō gladiō 5896: 5893: 5892: 5891: 5867: 5866: 5856:circumplicātum 5836: 5835: 5827: 5826: 5810: 5809: 5801: 5800: 5785: 5784: 5776: 5775: 5767:oculus sē nōn 5759: 5758: 5742: 5741: 5725: 5724: 5716: 5715: 5700: 5699: 5687: 5686: 5674: 5673: 5661: 5660: 5612: 5611: 5600: 5599: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5573: 5565: 5564: 5548: 5547: 5539: 5538: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5476: 5475: 5462: 5461: 5454:Future : 5452: 5443: 5423: 5420: 5398:(which became 5388: 5387: 5383: 5382: 5364: 5363: 5359: 5358: 5333: 5332: 5328: 5327: 5297: 5294: 5284: 5283: 5279: 5278: 5263: 5262: 5258: 5257: 5235: 5234: 5230: 5229: 5213: 5212: 5208: 5207: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5164: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5114: 5111: 5110: 5109: 5101: 5100: 5088: 5087: 5079: 5078: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5052: 4999: 4998: 4994: 4993: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4938: 4924: 4923: 4915: 4914: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4875: 4872:to be deceived 4868:to be ignorant 4864:to be in error 4859: 4858: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4830: 4809: 4806: 4685: 4684: 4675:Future : 4673: 4662: 4647: 4646: 4637:Future : 4635: 4624: 4564: 4563:The infinitive 4561: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4554: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4530: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4483: 4479: 4478: 4466:iūsta imperia 4448: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4426: 4425: 4421: 4420: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4382: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4327: 4326: 4322: 4321: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4283: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4260: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4192: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4167: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4109:Deponent verbs 4105: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4095: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4079: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4004: 4001: 4000: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3972: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3962: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3933: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3886: 3885: 3884: 3880: 3879: 3854: 3853: 3849: 3848: 3834: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3801: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3778: 3764: 3763: 3759: 3758: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3723: 3722: 3718: 3717: 3683: 3673: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3666: 3630: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3563: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3546:'fearing that 3543: 3542: 3521: 3520: 3512: 3511: 3492: 3491: 3479: 3478: 3451: 3441: 3440: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3405: 3372:Main article: 3369: 3359: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3341: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3318: 3301: 3300: 3292: 3291: 3238: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3221: 3204: 3203: 3199: 3198: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3176: 3162: 3161: 3157: 3156: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3124: 3095: 3085: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3072: 3064: 3063: 3041: 3040: 3032: 3031: 3006: 3003: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2996: 2989:nē ... mortem 2983: 2982: 2970: 2969: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2930: 2915: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2882: 2879: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2837: 2836: 2824: 2823: 2796: 2793: 2760: 2757: 2611: 2610: 2599: 2588: 2577: 2545: 2542: 2525: 2522: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2515: 2490: 2489: 2481: 2480: 2454: 2453: 2445: 2444: 2427:deponent verbs 2399: 2398: 2390: 2389: 2343: 2342:Deponent verbs 2340: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2263: 2262: 2258: 2257: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2204: 2197:persuāsum erat 2190: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2170: 2169: 2165: 2164: 2141:'I fight' and 2110: 2107: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2079: 2071: 2070: 2054: 2053: 2045: 2044: 2016: 2015: 2011: 2010: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1985: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1964: 1959:ingressus eram 1953: 1942: 1931: 1920: 1903:(2nd singular 1895:Future : 1893: 1843: 1842: 1831: 1820: 1809: 1798: 1781:(2nd singular 1773:Future : 1771: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1636: 1635: 1628: 1621: 1614: 1607: 1598:Future : 1596: 1566: 1563: 1546:magnā cum cūrā 1501: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1488: 1451: 1448: 1426: 1425: 1417: 1409: 1401: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1359: 1351: 1350: 1338: 1337: 1329: 1328: 1321:nōn persuāsit 1299:'I persuade', 1289: 1288: 1276: 1275: 1239: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1218: 1217: 1199: 1198: 1190:nihil equidem 1182: 1181: 1173: 1172: 1157: 1156: 1148: 1147: 1122: 1119: 1114:omnibus cōpiīs 1091: 1090: 1086: 1085: 1080:omnibus cōpiīs 1043: 1042: 1033:'Pompey (Nom) 1030: 1029: 1023:proficīscitur 983: 982: 978: 977: 932: 931: 927: 926: 903: 900: 881: 880: 871: 864:Dative : 862: 853: 844: 835: 806: 803: 799: 798: 782: 781: 766: 765: 757: 756: 721:'Cyprus', and 659: 658: 643:Neuter : 641: 624: 603: 602: 587:Neuter : 585: 568: 545: 542: 540: 537: 505: 504: 500: 499: 482: 481: 473: 472: 435: 434: 426: 425: 400: 399: 391: 390: 370: 369: 361: 360: 325: 322: 314: 313: 242:always writes 234:castra hostium 226:hostium castra 200:Main article: 197: 194: 136: 135: 133: 132: 125: 118: 110: 107: 106: 105: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 44: 39: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9701: 9690: 9689:Latin grammar 9687: 9686: 9684: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9652: 9649: 9648: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9640: 9637: 9633: 9629: 9622: 9617: 9615: 9610: 9608: 9603: 9602: 9599: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9579: 9578: 9565: 9556: 9547: 9540: 9534: 9525: 9518: 9512: 9505: 9499: 9492: 9486: 9479: 9473: 9464: 9455: 9448: 9442: 9433: 9424: 9417: 9411: 9404: 9398: 9390: 9384: 9377: 9370: 9364: 9357: 9351: 9342: 9333: 9324: 9315: 9313: 9311: 9301: 9294: 9288: 9279: 9277: 9270:Livy, 2.19.2. 9267: 9260: 9254: 9247: 9241: 9234: 9228: 9221: 9215: 9208: 9202: 9193: 9186: 9180: 9173: 9167: 9161:Livy, 4.34.1. 9158: 9149: 9142: 9136: 9127: 9121:Livy, 1.52.8. 9118: 9111: 9105: 9098: 9092: 9090: 9080: 9073: 9067: 9058: 9050: 9046: 9041: 9032: 9025: 9020: 9011: 9004: 8998: 8989: 8982: 8976: 8967: 8960: 8954: 8945: 8938: 8932: 8925: 8919: 8913:Livy, 1.58.5. 8910: 8903: 8897: 8890: 8884: 8877: 8872: 8865: 8859: 8850: 8843: 8837: 8830: 8824: 8817: 8811: 8804: 8798: 8791: 8785: 8778: 8772: 8763: 8754: 8745: 8736: 8727: 8718: 8711: 8705: 8696: 8689: 8683: 8674: 8667: 8661: 8654: 8648: 8641: 8635: 8626: 8619: 8613: 8606: 8600: 8593: 8587: 8578: 8576: 8568: 8562: 8553: 8546: 8540: 8533: 8527: 8520: 8514: 8507: 8501: 8494: 8488: 8482:Livy, 1.58.7. 8479: 8477: 8467: 8460: 8454: 8445: 8438: 8432: 8423: 8417:Livy, 5.35.4. 8414: 8405: 8398: 8392: 8383: 8376: 8370: 8363: 8357: 8350: 8344: 8337: 8331: 8324: 8318: 8311: 8305: 8298: 8292: 8285: 8279: 8270: 8263: 8257: 8248: 8241: 8235: 8226: 8217: 8208: 8199: 8192: 8186: 8179: 8173: 8166: 8160: 8153: 8147: 8138: 8129: 8122: 8116: 8107: 8100: 8094: 8092: 8082: 8075: 8069: 8060: 8053: 8047: 8038: 8029: 8022: 8016: 8007: 8000: 7994: 7985: 7979:Catullus, 85. 7976: 7969: 7963: 7961: 7951: 7944: 7938: 7929: 7920: 7913: 7907: 7900: 7894: 7885: 7878: 7872: 7865: 7864:de Inventione 7859: 7852: 7846: 7837: 7828: 7821: 7815: 7808: 7802: 7795: 7789: 7780: 7773: 7767: 7760: 7754: 7747: 7741: 7735:Livy, 3.49.2. 7732: 7725: 7719: 7710: 7703: 7697: 7688: 7679: 7670: 7663: 7657: 7648: 7639: 7632: 7626: 7617: 7608: 7599: 7592: 7586: 7577: 7568: 7561: 7555: 7548: 7542: 7533: 7531: 7521: 7514: 7508: 7501: 7495: 7486: 7479: 7473: 7464: 7455: 7446: 7439: 7433: 7426: 7420: 7413: 7409: 7406:634 and 639; 7405: 7399: 7390: 7381: 7374: 7368: 7361: 7355: 7348: 7342: 7335: 7329: 7322: 7316: 7309: 7303: 7294: 7287: 7281: 7272: 7265: 7259: 7250: 7243: 7237: 7228: 7219: 7212: 7206: 7199: 7193: 7184: 7177: 7171: 7162: 7155: 7149: 7140: 7131: 7124: 7118: 7111: 7105: 7096: 7087: 7078: 7069: 7060: 7051: 7049: 7039: 7030: 7021: 7012: 7003: 6994: 6986: 6979: 6970: 6966: 6956: 6952: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6938: 6934: 6933:9789004264427 6930: 6926: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6914: 6913:9789027205841 6910: 6906: 6902: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6888: 6884: 6880: 6877: 6876: 6871: 6868: 6864: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6844: 6841: 6837: 6835: 6831: 6828: 6824: 6821: 6817: 6816: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6801: 6798: 6794: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6778:0-19-518168-9 6775: 6771: 6767: 6766: 6757: 6756:in the saying 6753: 6752: 6747: 6745: 6740: 6739: 6738: 6735: 6729: 6724: 6711: 6710: 6705: 6703: 6702:cōnfectum īrī 6697: 6696: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6680: 6676: 6675: 6670: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6660: 6654: 6650: 6649: 6644: 6642: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6619: 6614: 6612: 6609:it Maecenās, 6608: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6598: 6592: 6584:Supine in -um 6581: 6578: 6572: 6566: 6560: 6557: 6553:'I bring' or 6551: 6546: 6542: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6480: 6474: 6473: 6472: 6469: 6461:) are raised' 6459: 6454: 6450: 6449: 6444: 6442: 6436: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6415: 6410: 6408: 6403: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6389: 6384: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6360: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6344: 6339: 6337: 6332: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6294: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6279: 6278: 6274: 6271: 6267: 6266: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6251: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6239: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6204: 6202: 6199:mihī Arpīnum 6195: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6187: 6185: 6179: 6177: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6128: 6127: 6123: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6112: 6111: 6104: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6092: 6090: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6070: 6063:The gerundive 6057: 6056: 6051: 6049: 6044: 6043: 6039: 6038: 6033: 6032: 6027: 6026: 6025: 6022: 6018:'absent' and 6016: 6010: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5967: 5961: 5960: 5959: 5953: 5952: 5947: 5945: 5944:audītō nōmine 5939: 5938: 5934: 5933: 5928: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5903: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5874:, the nurse, 5873: 5872:placed nearby 5869: 5868: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5844:noctū lūmine 5841: 5840: 5839: 5833: 5829: 5828: 5823: 5822: 5816: 5815: 5814: 5807: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5795: 5790: 5789: 5788: 5782: 5778: 5777: 5772: 5771:, alia cernit 5770: 5764: 5763: 5762: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5743: 5738: 5736: 5732: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5710: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5697: 5693: 5692:when he tried 5689: 5688: 5683: 5681: 5676: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5662: 5657: 5655: 5650: 5649: 5648: 5645: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5626:) for Casca ( 5624: 5618: 5609: 5606: 5602: 5601: 5597: 5592: 5590: 5584: 5583: 5582: 5571: 5567: 5566: 5562: 5557: 5555: 5550: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5540: 5535: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5512: 5509: 5503: 5497: 5491: 5485: 5482: 5472: 5467: 5466: 5465: 5458: 5453: 5449: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5429: 5428: 5427: 5419: 5417: 5413: 5411: 5405: 5403: 5397: 5395: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5375: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5342: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5323: 5322: 5318: 5315:accidit cāsū 5311: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5293: 5290: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5254: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5244: 5241: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5225: 5224:esse ventūrum 5219: 5218: 5217: 5210: 5209: 5205: 5203: 5202: 5195: 5194: 5193: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5179: 5177: 5167: 5166: 5162: 5160: 5155: 5154: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5131: 5130: 5129: 5124: 5120: 5107: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5073: 5068: 5067: 5066: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5036: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5024: 5022: 5016: 5014: 5008: 5006: 4996: 4995: 4991: 4989: 4988: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4969: 4967: 4961: 4959: 4953: 4951: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4934: 4933: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4890: 4888: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4862:'we consider 4861: 4860: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4837: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4813: 4805: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4766: 4764: 4759:'I want' has 4758: 4756: 4750: 4748: 4742: 4740: 4734: 4732: 4726: 4724: 4718: 4716: 4710: 4708: 4702: 4700: 4694: 4692: 4682: 4680: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4650: 4644: 4642: 4641:captūrus esse 4636: 4633: 4631: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4609: 4608:'I capture': 4607: 4605: 4599: 4597: 4591: 4589: 4583: 4581: 4574: 4570: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4541: 4540: 4539: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4506: 4504: 4498: 4496: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4462: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4454: 4441: 4440: 4435: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4403: 4400: 4394: 4385: 4384: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4357: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4345: 4344: 4339: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4318: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4309: 4306: 4300: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4279: 4278: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4210: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4188: 4183: 4182: 4181: 4170: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4159: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4143: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4124: 4118: 4116: 4110: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4063: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4014: 4012: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3990: 3989: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3965: 3964: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3949: 3948: 3947: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3923: 3916: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3895: 3893: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3875: 3874: 3873:expellerentur 3867: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3844: 3843: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3830: 3826: 3824: 3823: 3816: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3797: 3796: 3789: 3788: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3774: 3773: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3760: 3756: 3754: 3749: 3748: 3747: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3719: 3715: 3713: 3712: 3705: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3693: 3691: 3682: 3680: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3640: 3638: 3629: 3627: 3616: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3605: 3604: 3597: 3596: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3584: 3582: 3581:morātus (est) 3580: 3573: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3562: 3560: 3550:to the enemy' 3549: 3545: 3544: 3539: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3530: 3527: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3495: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3480: 3475: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3461: 3458: 3450: 3448: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3403: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3389: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3375: 3368: 3366: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3349:Occasionally 3344: 3343: 3339: 3337: 3336: 3329: 3328: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3314: 3313: 3306: 3305: 3304: 3298: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3287: 3286: 3279: 3278: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3264: 3262: 3256: 3254: 3248: 3246: 3237: 3235: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3217: 3216: 3209: 3208: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3194: 3191:quae cum ita 3187: 3186: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3172: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3127: 3126: 3122: 3120: 3115: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3101: 3094: 3092: 3084: 3076: 3070: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3046: 3045: 3044: 3038: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3018: 3017: 3016: 3012: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2992: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2971: 2967: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2896: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2875: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2860: 2859: 2855: 2854: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2819: 2818: 2811: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2780: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2746: 2744: 2738: 2736: 2730: 2728: 2722: 2720: 2714: 2712: 2706: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2691: 2689: 2683: 2681: 2675: 2671: 2669: 2663: 2661: 2655: 2653: 2648:'I am able', 2647: 2645: 2639: 2637: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2620: 2616: 2608: 2606: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2567: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2487: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2467: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2440: 2439: 2438:profectus est 2432: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2422: 2417:'I promise', 2416: 2414: 2409:'I set out', 2408: 2406: 2396: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2365: 2363: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2309: 2307: 2301: 2299: 2293: 2291: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2232: 2230: 2224: 2220: 2207: 2206: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2180: 2179: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2140: 2138: 2132: 2130: 2124: 2122: 2116: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2096: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2077: 2073: 2072: 2067: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2022: 2013: 2012: 2007: 2006: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1981: 1975: 1974: 1973: 1962: 1960: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1948:ingressus erō 1943: 1940: 1938: 1937:ingressus sum 1932: 1929: 1927: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1910: 1908: 1902: 1900: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1868: 1866: 1860: 1858: 1852: 1850: 1840: 1838: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1788: 1786: 1780: 1778: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1742: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1733:factūrus eram 1728: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1691: 1685: 1683: 1677: 1675: 1669: 1667: 1661: 1659: 1653: 1651: 1645: 1643: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1576: 1572: 1562: 1559: 1558:metū in magnō 1553: 1547: 1541: 1538: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1508: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1458: 1447: 1444: 1438: 1432: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1383: 1377: 1371: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1346: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1307:'I believe', 1306: 1304: 1298: 1296: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1260: 1259: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1248: 1246: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1229: 1226:nōlī pugnāre 1223: 1222: 1221: 1214: 1212: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1193: 1187: 1186: 1185: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1169: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1154: 1150: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1128: 1118: 1115: 1109: 1103: 1097: 1088: 1087: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1019:Pompeius ... 1016: 1015: 1014: 1012: 1007: 1001: 995: 989: 980: 979: 975: 973: 970: 967: 961: 960: 959: 956: 950: 944: 938: 929: 928: 924: 922: 919: 913: 912: 911: 909: 899: 896: 890: 884: 877: 872: 868: 863: 859: 854: 850: 845: 841: 836: 832: 827: 826: 825: 823: 817: 812: 802: 796: 792: 788: 784: 783: 779: 777: 775: 768: 767: 763: 759: 758: 754: 752: 750: 743: 742: 741: 738: 736: 734: 728: 726: 720: 718: 712: 710: 704: 700: 696: 692: 690: 684: 682: 676: 674: 668: 666: 656: 654: 652: 649: 642: 639: 637: 636: 632: 625: 622: 620: 619: 615: 608: 607: 606: 600: 598: 597: 593: 586: 583: 581: 580: 576: 569: 566: 564: 563: 559: 552: 551: 550: 536: 534: 530: 528: 522: 520: 514: 512: 502: 501: 498: 496: 491: 490: 489: 487: 479: 475: 474: 471: 469: 467: 463: 456: 455: 454: 452: 450: 444: 442: 432: 428: 427: 423: 422: 418: 412: 411: 410: 407: 405: 397: 393: 392: 389: 387: 385: 381: 375: 374: 373: 367: 363: 362: 359: 357: 356: 349: 348: 347: 345: 341: 337: 331: 321: 319: 311: 310: 309: 307: 302: 300: 298: 292: 290: 284: 282: 276: 274: 268: 263: 261: 259: 253: 249: 247: 241: 237: 235: 229: 227: 221: 219: 213: 211: 203: 193: 191: 187: 183: 178: 176: 172: 168: 166: 161: 156: 154: 150: 146: 142: 131: 126: 124: 119: 117: 112: 111: 109: 108: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 78: 75: 73: 70: 68: 65: 63: 60: 58: 55: 53: 50: 48: 45: 43: 40: 38: 35: 33: 30: 29: 28: 27: 24: 23:Latin grammar 21: 20: 9662: 9564: 9555: 9546: 9538: 9533: 9524: 9516: 9511: 9503: 9498: 9490: 9485: 9477: 9472: 9463: 9458:Livy, 22.56. 9454: 9446: 9441: 9432: 9427:Livy, 42.42. 9423: 9415: 9410: 9402: 9397: 9380:Livy, 7.35; 9376: 9368: 9363: 9355: 9350: 9341: 9332: 9323: 9300: 9292: 9287: 9266: 9258: 9253: 9245: 9240: 9232: 9227: 9219: 9214: 9206: 9201: 9192: 9184: 9179: 9171: 9166: 9157: 9148: 9140: 9135: 9126: 9117: 9109: 9104: 9096: 9079: 9071: 9066: 9057: 9040: 9031: 9023: 9019: 9010: 9002: 8997: 8988: 8980: 8975: 8966: 8958: 8953: 8944: 8936: 8931: 8923: 8918: 8909: 8901: 8896: 8888: 8883: 8875: 8871: 8863: 8858: 8849: 8841: 8836: 8828: 8823: 8815: 8810: 8802: 8797: 8789: 8784: 8776: 8771: 8762: 8753: 8744: 8735: 8726: 8717: 8709: 8704: 8695: 8687: 8682: 8673: 8665: 8660: 8652: 8647: 8639: 8634: 8625: 8617: 8612: 8604: 8599: 8591: 8586: 8566: 8561: 8552: 8544: 8539: 8531: 8526: 8518: 8513: 8505: 8500: 8492: 8487: 8470:Catullus, 5. 8466: 8458: 8453: 8444: 8436: 8431: 8422: 8413: 8404: 8396: 8391: 8382: 8374: 8369: 8361: 8356: 8348: 8343: 8335: 8330: 8322: 8317: 8309: 8304: 8296: 8291: 8283: 8278: 8269: 8261: 8256: 8247: 8239: 8234: 8225: 8216: 8207: 8198: 8190: 8185: 8177: 8172: 8164: 8159: 8151: 8146: 8137: 8128: 8120: 8115: 8106: 8098: 8081: 8073: 8068: 8059: 8051: 8046: 8037: 8032:Livy, 45.12. 8028: 8020: 8015: 8006: 7998: 7993: 7984: 7975: 7967: 7950: 7942: 7937: 7928: 7919: 7911: 7906: 7898: 7893: 7884: 7876: 7871: 7863: 7858: 7850: 7845: 7836: 7827: 7819: 7814: 7806: 7801: 7793: 7788: 7779: 7771: 7766: 7758: 7753: 7745: 7740: 7731: 7723: 7718: 7713:Livy, 26.42. 7709: 7701: 7696: 7687: 7678: 7669: 7661: 7656: 7647: 7638: 7630: 7625: 7616: 7607: 7598: 7590: 7585: 7576: 7567: 7559: 7554: 7546: 7541: 7520: 7512: 7507: 7499: 7494: 7485: 7477: 7472: 7463: 7454: 7445: 7437: 7432: 7424: 7419: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7398: 7389: 7380: 7372: 7367: 7359: 7354: 7346: 7341: 7333: 7328: 7320: 7315: 7307: 7302: 7293: 7285: 7280: 7271: 7263: 7258: 7249: 7241: 7236: 7231:Matt. 26.26. 7227: 7218: 7210: 7205: 7197: 7192: 7183: 7175: 7170: 7161: 7153: 7148: 7139: 7130: 7122: 7117: 7109: 7104: 7095: 7086: 7077: 7068: 7059: 7038: 7029: 7020: 7011: 7002: 6993: 6984: 6978: 6969: 6954: 6947: 6924: 6916: 6904: 6897: 6886: 6874: 6866: 6859: 6846: 6839: 6833: 6826: 6819: 6814: 6804: 6796: 6790:Anne Mahoney 6769: 6763:Bibliography 6755: 6743: 6734:facile factū 6722: 6720: 6717:Supine in -ū 6701: 6688: 6684: 6678: 6666: 6658: 6652: 6640: 6630: 6626: 6610: 6606: 6587: 6574:'movement', 6561: 6544: 6540: 6538: 6527: 6510: 6502: 6499:) the river' 6496: 6478: 6464: 6452: 6440: 6428: 6418: 6407:sacrificandī 6406: 6396: 6392: 6380: 6370:for drinking 6369: 6358: 6347: 6335: 6327: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6312: 6304:to the King' 6301: 6284: 6280: 6269: 6256: 6252: 6245: 6243: 6225:persuādendum 6224: 6221: 6200: 6196: 6189: 6181: 6173: 6171: 6162: 6160: 6133: 6129: 6109: 6105: 6094: 6086: 6078: 6074: 6072: 6047: 6030: 6005: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5965: 5957: 5943: 5924: 5898: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5859: 5855: 5852: 5848: 5845: 5837: 5831: 5820: 5811: 5805: 5793: 5786: 5780: 5768: 5760: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5734: 5730: 5720: 5719:'Lepta came 5708: 5701: 5695: 5691: 5679: 5669: 5668:her husband 5665: 5653: 5646: 5613: 5604: 5588: 5580: 5569: 5553: 5543: 5531: 5523: 5486: 5477: 5463: 5425: 5407: 5399: 5391: 5389: 5365: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5336: 5334: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5301: 5299: 5285: 5272: 5264: 5250: 5236: 5223: 5214: 5200: 5199:rem atrōcem 5196: 5190: 5181: 5173: 5171: 5156: 5151: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5105: 5094: 5083: 5071: 5064: 5045: 5041: 5040:hortātur mē 5037: 5026: 5018: 5010: 5002: 5000: 4986: 4985:volō tē hoc 4982: 4971: 4963: 4962:'I forbid', 4955: 4947: 4945: 4931: 4927: 4919: 4907: 4903: 4892: 4884: 4882: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4839: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4811: 4791: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4768: 4760: 4752: 4744: 4736: 4728: 4720: 4715:futūrus esse 4712: 4704: 4696: 4688: 4686: 4676: 4665: 4654: 4648: 4638: 4627: 4616: 4610: 4601: 4593: 4585: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4546: 4542: 4537: 4522: 4519: 4508: 4500: 4492: 4490: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4456: 4452: 4450: 4432: 4409: 4402:'remember'. 4389: 4375: 4371: 4354: 4336: 4328: 4315: 4295: 4276: 4275:dē mē nihil 4272: 4267: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4224: 4221: 4214: 4206: 4204: 4186: 4184: 4179: 4157: 4156: 4142:proficīscere 4141: 4139: 4132: 4128: 4120: 4112: 4107: 4089: 4088: 4073: 4072: 4065: 4059: 4046: 4034:mihī dōnāvit 4031: 4027: 4016: 4008: 4006: 3987: 3983: 3974: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3925: 3921: 3920:quī modestē 3917: 3906: 3905:The pronoun 3904: 3889: 3872: 3868: 3857: 3855: 3841: 3837: 3822:vulnerārētur 3821: 3817: 3810: 3808: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3771: 3767: 3750: 3745: 3730: 3726: 3710: 3706: 3695: 3687: 3685: 3676: 3658: 3654: 3642: 3634: 3632: 3623: 3602: 3601:ōderint dum 3598: 3593: 3578: 3574: 3567: 3565: 3556: 3547: 3537:nē dēderētur 3536: 3522: 3516: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3483: 3471: 3467: 3453: 3444: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3379: 3377: 3362: 3350: 3348: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3296: 3285:cōnsīderāret 3284: 3280: 3275: 3266: 3258: 3250: 3242: 3240: 3231: 3214: 3210: 3205: 3192: 3188: 3183: 3168: 3163: 3148: 3144: 3133: 3131: 3116: 3105: 3103: 3088: 3082: 3074: 3068: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3036: 3023: 3019: 3014: 2990: 2986: 2978: 2974: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2944: 2942: 2922: 2918: 2901: 2897: 2886: 2884: 2865: 2861: 2844: 2843:quid si hoc 2840: 2832: 2828: 2816: 2812: 2801: 2798: 2788: 2784: 2776: 2774: 2765: 2762: 2748: 2740: 2732: 2724: 2716: 2708: 2704: 2702: 2693: 2685: 2677: 2673: 2665: 2657: 2649: 2641: 2633: 2631: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2612: 2602: 2591: 2580: 2569: 2568:(2nd person 2561: 2549: 2547: 2537: 2533: 2527: 2508: 2507:mediā nocte 2504: 2493: 2491: 2485: 2472: 2468: 2457: 2455: 2449: 2448:'he himself 2437: 2433: 2418: 2410: 2402: 2400: 2394: 2381: 2378: 2367: 2359: 2356:by something 2355: 2351: 2347: 2345: 2325: 2322: 2311: 2303: 2295: 2287: 2285: 2270: 2266: 2249: 2245: 2234: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2216: 2196: 2193: 2177: 2173: 2156: 2153: 2142: 2134: 2126: 2118: 2112: 2092: 2086: 2075: 2063: 2055: 2050:by the enemy 2049: 2037: 2017: 2004: 2000: 1992: 1979: 1971: 1956: 1945: 1934: 1923: 1912: 1904: 1896: 1885: 1879: 1870: 1862: 1854: 1846: 1844: 1834: 1823: 1812: 1801: 1790: 1782: 1774: 1763: 1756:active voice 1753: 1739: 1730: 1726: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1687: 1679: 1671: 1663: 1655: 1647: 1639: 1637: 1631: 1624: 1617: 1610: 1603: 1602:(2nd person 1599: 1592: 1580: 1578: 1571:Latin tenses 1565:Latin tenses 1542: 1503: 1453: 1427: 1373:'in, into', 1366: 1363:Prepositions 1355: 1344: 1333: 1322: 1315:'I resist'. 1308: 1300: 1292: 1290: 1284: 1280: 1268: 1264: 1250: 1242: 1240: 1227: 1219: 1210: 1203: 1191: 1183: 1177: 1165: 1158: 1152: 1136: 1126: 1124: 1092: 1082:contendērunt 1079: 1076: 1073: 1072:(hostēs) ad 1065: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1044: 1038: 1035:from Luceria 1034: 1024: 1020: 1010: 984: 971: 968: 965: 933: 920: 917: 905: 898:'at home'). 885: 882: 818: 814: 800: 794: 790: 789:) and gate ( 786: 773: 769: 761: 748: 744: 739: 730: 722: 714: 706: 702: 698: 694: 686: 678: 670: 662: 660: 650: 647: 644: 634: 633:sunt fīliae 630: 627: 617: 613: 610: 604: 595: 591: 588: 578: 574: 571: 561: 557: 554: 547: 532: 524: 516: 508: 506: 492: 483: 477: 465: 461: 457: 446: 438: 436: 430: 420: 416: 408: 401: 395: 383: 379: 376: 371: 365: 354: 350: 343: 339: 333: 315: 303: 294: 286: 278: 270: 266: 264: 258:pōnit castra 255: 246:castra pōnit 243: 231: 223: 215: 207: 205: 189: 185: 181: 179: 165:Gildersleeve 163: 157: 152: 141:Latin syntax 140: 139: 102:Alliteration 56: 9389:servāvistis 9095:Suetonius, 7682:Livy, 1.12. 7651:Livy, 9.24. 7334:Bell. Gall. 7222:Matt. 17.5. 6851:. Edinburgh 6568:'arrival', 6520:'dry wood ( 6497:of entering 6479:ingrediendī 6471:'I enter': 6439:subabsurda 6383:tempestātem 6379:idōneam ad 6180:'I go' and 6169:'for us'). 5899:The phrase 5733:gladiō, ad 5711:Lepta vēnit 5685:(Suetonius) 5620:) pierced ( 5422:Participles 5251:interfectum 5009:'I order', 4970:'I allow', 4954:'I order', 4795:captus fore 4695:'I am' are 4668:captus esse 4115:proficīscor 4032:relīquisset 3971:Explanatory 3928:dignus esse 3711:scrīpserint 3427:respondēres 3419:revīvīscant 2900:utinam iam 2864:nōn facile 2617:instead of 2405:proficīscor 2326:occīsum īrī 2290:captus esse 2248:in vincula 2066:... tellūs 2062:corripitur 2038:ab hostibus 1926:ingrediēbar 1915:ingrediēris 1837:captus eram 1443:posterō diē 1385:'with', or 1287:for no one' 1253:labōrī esse 1155:the name?') 1039:to Canusium 916:Caesar ... 805:Latin cases 785:'the wall ( 616:sunt fīliī 594:est corpus 560:est fīlius 533:a-u-i a-u-i 382:enim sēcum 344:trīs partīs 47:Conjugation 9246:in Milonem 8959:prō Milōne 8666:de legibus 7373:Bell. Gal. 7360:Bell. Civ. 7347:Bell. Civ. 6962:References 6600:'I send': 6594:'I go' or 6535:The supine 6381:nāvigandum 6329:instead). 6309:The gerund 6233:Quintilian 6227:iūdicī est 6031:puerulō mē 5925:signō datō 5923:in hostēs 5853:dormientem 5849:experrēcta 5735:dormientem 5511:'absent'. 5346:praetereō 5292:'I deny'. 5237:Often the 5082:'everyone 4899:'I want': 4679:captum īrī 4549:et Atticae 4355:intinguitō 4185:neu bellī 4135:(plural): 4078:(Catullus) 3842:parcerētur 3661:, commūnit 3579:consuleret 3312:circumīret 3022:locum ubi 2991:timuerītis 2979:let's love 2975:let's live 2968:(Catullus) 2656:'I want', 2452:for Italy' 2352:by someone 2314:captum īrī 2178:ventum est 2133:'I come', 2001:ventum est 1907:ingrediēre 1873:captī sunt 1857:captus est 1826:captus erō 1815:captus sum 1537:haec inter 1343:imperāvit 1232:(Catullus) 974:praemittit 577:est fīlia 404:hyperbaton 340:Gallic War 330:Hyperbaton 289:vōce magnā 281:magnā vōce 97:Hyperbaton 62:Word order 32:Declension 9405:31.32.59. 9383:servāstis 8900:Terence, 8603:Terence, 8504:Terence, 7436:Plautus, 7423:Plautus, 7402:Plautus, 7284:Terence, 6842:. Munich. 6641:spectātum 6468:ingredior 6453:by saying 6348:by coming 6302:to be led 6184:persuādeō 6108:nunc est 6006:The verb 5985:imperante 5888:terrified 5860:exterrita 5654:quaerenti 5641:bracchium 5596:Suetonius 5561:Eutropius 5556:sepelīvit 5487:The verb 5481:profectus 5471:faciendus 5439:facientēs 5201:incidisse 5163:(Terence) 5135:sē pācem 5013:persuādeō 4649:Passive: 4525:ut valeās 4455:, plural 4433:mementōte 4381:(Martial) 4376:porrigitō 4341:(Terence) 4158:sequiminī 3659:sentiātur 3637:priusquam 3626:priusquam 3517:not to do 3482:'so that 3423:loquantur 3421:et tēcum 3399:potuisset 3393:quod, sī 3050:quārē id 2923:ēduxisset 2509:profectus 2496:profectus 2486:to follow 2413:polliceor 2145:persuādeō 2076:by flames 2040:capta est 1899:ingrediar 1888:ingredior 1865:capta est 1638:The verb 1295:persuādeō 1245:ūsuī esse 1197:(Plautus) 1171:(Plautus) 1135:quid est 943:mīlitibus 918:mīlitibus 795:neut. pl. 755:(Terence) 527:hic annus 519:annus hic 297:Via Appia 273:in Italiā 218:bonus vir 210:vir bonus 9683:Category 9647:English 9628:Syntaxes 9541:11.16.1. 9537:Cicero, 9515:Caesar, 9489:Horace, 9476:Seneca, 9445:Cicero, 9414:Caesar, 9358:3.104.2. 9354:Caesar, 9291:Horace, 9259:Hannibal 9244:Cicero, 9231:Cicero, 9218:Virgil, 9205:Caesar, 9183:Cicero, 9170:Virgil, 9139:Cicero, 9108:Cicero, 9070:Cicero, 9001:Cicero, 8957:Cicero, 8939:11.16.1. 8935:Seneca, 8926:12.51.1. 8922:Cicero, 8891:14.15.2. 8887:Cicero, 8866:2.2.188. 8862:Cicero, 8844:10.31.4. 8840:Cicero, 8827:Cicero, 8814:Cicero, 8801:Horace, 8788:Cicero, 8775:Cicero, 8708:Cicero, 8686:Cicero, 8664:Cicero, 8653:de Orat. 8651:Cicero, 8642:8.12A.2. 8638:Cicero, 8605:Eunuchus 8590:Cicero, 8565:Cicero, 8543:Virgil, 8532:Controv. 8517:Virgil, 8491:Cicero, 8457:Cicero, 8435:Cicero, 8395:Cicero, 8373:Caesar, 8360:Cicero, 8347:Caesar, 8334:Cicero, 8321:Cicero, 8308:Cicero, 8295:Cicero, 8282:Cicero, 8260:Caesar, 8242:1.28.97. 8163:Cicero, 8150:Cicero, 8072:Cicero, 8050:Cicero, 8019:Cicero, 7997:Cicero, 7941:Cicero, 7910:Cicero, 7901:11.25.2. 7897:Cicero, 7875:Cicero, 7862:Cicero, 7849:Cicero, 7818:Caesar, 7792:Caesar, 7770:Virgil, 7757:Cicero, 7744:Seneca, 7722:Cicero, 7700:Virgil, 7629:Caesar, 7589:Horace, 7558:Cicero, 7545:Virgil, 7498:Seneca, 7476:Cicero, 7371:Caesar, 7358:Caesar, 7345:Caesar, 7332:Caesar, 7240:Virgil, 7174:Cicero, 7152:Cicero, 7123:Hannibal 7108:Caesar, 6820:Language 6707:(Cicero) 6672:(Caesar) 6669:auxilium 6653:to watch 6631:to sleep 6623:Maecenas 6616:(Horace) 6611:dormītum 6565:adventus 6515:(Seneca) 6492:audāciam 6446:(Cicero) 6386:(Caesar) 6336:veniendō 6285:dūcendum 6263:(Caesar) 6207:(Cicero) 6155:Carthage 6134:dēlendam 6110:bibendum 6089:secundus 6021:praesēns 5997:(Cicero) 5971:(Cicero) 5964:at illa 5949:(Virgil) 5930:(Caesar) 5865:(Cicero) 5846:appositō 5825:(Virgil) 5774:(Cicero) 5714:(Cicero) 5696:tardātus 5635:arreptum 5623:trāiēcit 5603:'Caesar 5589:arreptum 5537:(Cicero) 5532:ferventī 5457:factūrus 5357:(Cicero) 5321:cēnārent 5277:(Cicero) 5256:(Seneca) 5249:frātrem 5228:(Cicero) 5143:(Cicero) 5139:simulant 5077:(Cicero) 5051:(Cicero) 5044:senātūi 4992:(Cicero) 4937:(Cicero) 4913:(Horace) 4857:(Cicero) 4829:(Cicero) 4824:cōgitāre 4771:voluisse 4747:potuisse 4611:Active: 4553:(Cicero) 4529:(Cicero) 4477:(Cicero) 4437:(Cicero) 4431:sed hoc 4396:'know', 4320:(Cicero) 4316:scrībitō 4282:(Cicero) 4277:timuerīs 4259:(Virgil) 4209:nōlī(te) 4191:(Virgil) 4146:(Cicero) 4111:such as 4038:(Cicero) 3993:(Cicero) 3955:peterent 3932:(Cicero) 3878:(Caesar) 3847:(Cicero) 3827:(Caesar) 3800:(Cicero) 3777:(Cicero) 3757:(Cicero) 3737:(Cicero) 3716:(Cicero) 3665:(Caesar) 3645:antequam 3506:facerent 3433:(Cicero) 3404:(Cicero) 3220:(Cicero) 3155:(Cicero) 3123:(Cicero) 3060:Catullus 2929:(Cicero) 2908:(Cicero) 2851:(Cicero) 2845:fēcissem 2831:perhaps 2822:(Cicero) 2817:videātur 2640:'I am', 2605:fēcissem 2475:sē iubet 2443:(Caesar) 2388:(Virgil) 2382:vertitur 2332:(Cicero) 2277:(Seneca) 2203:(Cicero) 2163:(Virgil) 2125:'I go', 2117:such as 1804:capiēbar 1793:capiēris 1611:faciēbam 1484:in urbem 1431:Canusium 1397:ad rēgem 1327:(Seneca) 1274:(Cicero) 1271:... fuit 1209:Ich hab 1108:Caesaris 1077:Caesaris 1055:Canusium 1047:Pompeius 1025:Canusium 725:Aegyptus 713:'pine', 466:pugiōnem 462:cruentum 449:pugiōnem 441:cruentum 386:portābat 384:pecūniam 368:(parts)' 52:Numerals 9643:Catalan 9630:of the 9519:1.11.2. 9506:1.1.99. 9493:1.5.48. 9480:2.22.1. 9418:4.23.1. 9401:Pliny, 9367:Nepos, 9257:Nepos, 9233:ad Att. 9222:12.697. 9209:1.52.3. 9174:12.870. 9074:2.1.67. 9045:Donatus 9005:66.188. 9003:Cluent. 8979:Nepos, 8831:1.18.6. 8712:16.6.4. 8594:10.1.3. 8569:4.17.4. 8547:12.875. 8461:2.1.12. 8439:7.30.1. 8377:2.35.4. 8351:3.55.3. 8338:7.15.1. 8325:2.4.12. 8264:1.54.4. 8189:Nepos, 8176:Nepos, 8119:Nepos, 8097:Nepos, 8076:9.13.8. 8023:2.4.32. 7966:Nepos, 7912:In Cat. 7879:2.4.94. 7822:7.18.2. 7805:Nepos, 7796:3.35.2. 7724:Q.Rosc. 7633:4.12.6. 7593:1.22.9. 7511:Nepos, 7362:1.24.1. 7349:2.24.1. 7200:1.13.1. 7196:Pliny, 7121:Nepos, 6667:rogātum 6627:to play 6577:reditus 6441:dīcendō 6397:sailing 6393:idōneam 6359:bibendō 6298:Datames 6291:(Nepos) 6270:to kill 6214:Arpinum 6035:(Nepos) 5989:sciente 5821:solūtōs 5747:drawing 5731:strīctō 5721:running 5709:currēns 5680:cōnātus 5638:) arm ( 5617:graphiō 5605:grabbed 5554:occīsōs 5544:boiling 5496:futūrus 5433:faciēns 5352:dēlēgit 5326:(Nepos) 5253:audīvit 5072:clāmāre 5046:scrībam 4847:nescīre 4785:fore ut 4630:cēpisse 4511:cavē nē 4495:cūrā ut 4472:pārentō 4410:scītōte 4399:mementō 4378:medium. 4253:terrēte 4187:terrēre 4164:Terence 3988:vīderit 3942:Purpose 3926:imperet 3901:Generic 3603:metuant 3541:(Nepos) 3535:verēns 3510:(Nepos) 3477:(Nepos) 3425:, quid 3340:(Nepos) 3335:habēret 3317:(Nepos) 3290:(Nepos) 3261:ut vēnī 3149:sedērem 3030:(Nepos) 2959:vīvāmus 2902:adesset 2866:dīxerim 2743:vidērem 2594:fēcerim 2583:facerem 2479:(Nepos) 2450:set out 2269:sī vīs 2064:flammīs 1785:capiēre 1718:, e.g. 1632:fēceram 1531:cum quō 1492:in urbe 1437:nāvibus 1421:ex urbe 1349:(Nepos) 1334:for him 1311:resistō 1285:expense 1281:trouble 1269:sūmptuī 1204:for you 1194:abstulī 1153:for you 1144:Plautus 1051:Lūceriā 1021:Lūceriā 1006:nāvibus 994:Mārcium 972:nāvibus 966:Mārcium 822:Kennedy 665:scortum 460:statim 421:impetum 417:faciunt 175:Lindsay 153:periods 9651:clause 9502:Ovid, 9449:2.289. 9447:de Or. 9235:5.1.3. 9220:Aeneid 9112:3.7.4. 8818:7.2.7. 8779:5.111. 8690:6.3.9. 8655:2.248. 8616:Cato, 8534:7.7.2. 8399:3.2.5. 8364:5.104. 8297:Flacc. 8286:5.8.1. 7866:2.140. 7853:2.5.7. 7774:2.250. 7761:4.2.4. 7704:6.179. 7664:2.210. 7660:Ovid, 7549:8.671. 7502:70.10. 7404:Pseud. 7375:2.7.3. 7112:1.1.1. 6946:. The 6931: 6911: 6896:. The 6776: 6749:(Livy) 6689:captum 6646:(Ovid) 6523:lignum 6484:(Livy) 6423:Delphi 6412:(Livy) 6395:) for 6341:(Livy) 6273:Pompey 6201:eundum 6142:Florus 6117:Horace 6097:sequor 6053:(Livy) 6015:absēns 5799:(Livy) 5769:vidēns 5740:(Livy) 5629:Cascae 5546:water' 5508:absēns 5448:factus 5206:(Livy) 5121:, and 5095:vagārī 5021:hortor 5005:imperō 4966:patior 4920:to die 4887:possum 4851:dēcipī 4843:errāre 4820:vīvere 4751:, and 4731:Possum 4711:, and 4707:fuisse 4619:capere 4503:fac ut 4417:Pompey 4372:rīdētō 4359:(Cato) 4337:lavātō 4227:mīrārī 4225:nōlīte 4123:sequor 4094:(Livy) 3977:consul 3961:(Livy) 3957:mīsēre 3772:ēderet 3675:After 3622:After 3610:Accius 3585:(Livy) 3555:After 3488:ephors 3472:posset 3470:exīre 3454:After 3443:After 3378:After 3361:After 3253:ut fit 3230:After 3215:posset 3175:(Livy) 3087:After 3052:faciam 3037:he was 2963:amēmus 2835:harsh' 2827:'this 2735:amārem 2727:vellem 2719:possem 2688:possim 2644:possum 2572:faciās 2564:faciam 2460:sequor 2370:volvor 2362:vertor 2298:captum 2256:(Livy) 2237:audīrī 2183:(Livy) 2099:(Livy) 2069:(Ovid) 2043:(Livy) 2009:(Livy) 1777:capiar 1766:capior 1690:fueram 1625:fēcerō 1604:faciēs 1600:faciam 1583:facere 1525:quōcum 1519:quīcum 1475:subter 1413:cum eō 1405:ā rēge 1379:'to', 1356:to him 1265:labōrī 1228:duōbus 1178:to him 1139:nōmen? 1096:castra 1074:castra 1041:(Acc)' 1000:Uticam 969:Uticam 964:Cūriō 955:signum 937:Caesar 921:signum 908:Caesar 780:(Livy) 751:(sunt) 749:mortuī 733:parēns 717:Cyprus 380:magnam 336:Caesar 240:Caesar 160:syntax 67:Tenses 57:Syntax 9668:Welsh 9663:Latin 9658:Irish 9491:Serm. 9295:1.37. 9293:Carm. 9187:1.79. 9143:1.67. 9099:82.2. 9072:Verr. 9026:36.1. 8983:12.1. 8981:Hann. 8878:24.2. 8864:Verr. 8803:Carm. 8792:1.18. 8777:Tusc. 8521:8.40. 8495:1.10. 8362:Verr. 8178:Paus. 8152:Sest. 8123:12.4. 8121:Hann. 8099:Hann. 8021:Verr. 8001:1.21. 7970:12.3. 7968:Hann. 7945:1.98. 7943:Tusc. 7877:Verr. 7851:Verr. 7809:10.5. 7562:1.50. 7513:Hann. 7478:Verr. 7425:Poen. 7412:Trin. 7410:697; 7336:7.27. 7178:2.28. 7176:Phil. 6744:dictū 6681:help' 6625:went 6607:lūsum 6597:mittō 6571:mōtus 6481:dedit 6458:rīsūs 6315:-ndum 6165:nōbīs 6075:-ndus 5794:captī 5690:'and 5670:asked 5664:'and 5608:Casca 5530:aquā 5502:absum 5436:(pl. 5137:velle 5074:omnēs 4987:scīre 4950:iubeō 4932:ferre 4763:velle 4739:posse 4604:capiō 4588:fierī 4580:faciō 4547:dīcēs 4468:suntō 4408:nunc 4393:scītō 4305:-tōte 4302:(pl. 4189:minīs 3922:pārat 3896:'who' 3795:darem 3519:this' 3466:hīnc 3071:this' 3024:esset 2789:to go 2755:etc. 2711:essem 2696:velim 2552:faciō 2538:modus 2473:sequī 2471:hunc 2421:cōnor 2395:turns 2273:, amā 2271:amārī 2252:iubet 2137:pugnō 2129:veniō 2005:datur 1720:amābō 1682:fuerō 1593:faciō 1513:mēcum 1469:super 1303:crēdō 1093:Here 1045:Here 1011:-ibus 988:Cūriō 985:Here 934:Here 923:dedit 889:Rōmae 858:rēgis 849:rēgem 787:masc. 776:erant 774:tācta 762:masc. 709:pīnus 689:nōmen 681:arbor 366:three 149:moods 145:Latin 9539:Att. 9517:B.G. 9504:Ars. 9478:N.Q. 9416:B.G. 9403:N.H. 9371:4.5. 9369:Dat. 9356:Civ. 9261:2.3. 9207:Gal. 9185:Div. 9172:Aen. 9141:T.D. 9110:Fam. 9097:Jul. 8924:Att. 8904:286. 8889:Att. 8842:Fam. 8829:Att. 8816:Att. 8805:3.2. 8790:Off. 8710:Att. 8688:Att. 8668:3.6. 8640:Att. 8620:156. 8607:592. 8592:Att. 8567:Att. 8545:Aen. 8519:Aen. 8508:793. 8506:Hec. 8493:Cat. 8459:Att. 8437:Fam. 8397:Leg. 8375:B.C. 8349:B.C. 8336:Att. 8310:Fam. 8284:Fam. 8262:B.C. 8240:Off. 8191:Tim. 8180:5.2. 8165:Fin. 8101:9.1. 8074:Att. 7999:Cat. 7914:2.4. 7899:Fam. 7820:B.G. 7807:Alc. 7794:B.G. 7772:Aen. 7759:Att. 7748:9.6. 7702:Aen. 7662:Met. 7631:B.G. 7591:Car. 7560:Inv. 7547:Aen. 7438:Aul. 7414:886. 7408:Pre. 7308:Case 7288:518. 7286:Eun. 7244:9.1. 7154:Mil. 7125:9.2. 7110:B.G. 6929:ISBN 6909:ISBN 6788:and 6774:ISBN 6704:putō 6545:-sum 6541:-tum 6323:-ndō 6319:-ndī 6151:Cato 6079:-nda 5991:nec 5987:nec 5983:nec 5666:when 5570:dead 5394:quod 5369:quod 5348:quod 5337:quod 5289:negō 5240:esse 4974:volō 4958:vetō 4908:morī 4895:volō 4822:est 4767:and 4755:volō 4743:and 4723:fore 4699:esse 4657:capī 4523:cūrā 4457:-ntō 4133:minī 4131:or - 4090:date 4060:The 3860:quīn 3811:quīn 3731:sint 3698:quīn 3690:quīn 3679:quīn 3641:and 3193:sint 3147:cum 3069:I do 2833:seem 2751:īrem 2668:mālō 2660:nōlō 2652:volō 2625:amem 2534:mood 2488:him' 2250:dūcī 2229:capī 2157:ītur 2036:arx 1716:-bit 1712:-bis 1666:eram 1618:fēcī 1573:and 1528:and 1323:illī 1267:aut 1192:tibī 1166:illī 1137:tibī 895:domī 876:rēge 867:rēgī 840:rēx! 791:fem. 703:-tās 699:-tiō 673:mōns 653:sunt 648:haec 635:meae 596:meum 575:haec 562:meus 355:tres 252:Livy 230:and 173:and 171:Roby 9248:29. 8961:47. 8902:Ph. 8323:Ac. 8299:64. 8154:49. 8052:Dom 7746:Ep. 7726:51. 7515:12. 7500:Ep. 7427:84. 7242:Ec. 7198:Ep. 7156:29. 6691:īrī 6203:est 6190:-um 6009:sum 5644:)' 5490:sum 5410:che 5402:que 4798:or 4727:). 4691:sum 4596:fīō 4453:-tō 4299:-tō 4251:mē 4129:-re 4066:-te 4019:quī 4011:quī 3909:quī 3892:quī 3568:dum 3559:dum 3504:id 3417:sī 3136:cum 3108:cum 3091:cum 2829:may 2804:nōn 2791:'. 2768:cum 2680:sim 2674:-im 2636:sum 2619:-am 2615:-em 2354:or 2348:-or 2306:īrī 2223:-rī 2024:or 1911:or 1849:sum 1789:or 1727:sum 1708:-bō 1704:-et 1700:-ēs 1696:-am 1674:fuī 1658:erō 1650:sum 1642:sum 1507:cum 1463:sub 1382:cum 1336:')' 1283:or 1211:dir 831:rēx 651:mea 631:hae 618:meī 592:hoc 579:mea 558:hic 338:'s 262:. 214:or 177:). 9685:: 9309:^ 9275:^ 9088:^ 8574:^ 8475:^ 8193:5. 8090:^ 7959:^ 7529:^ 7047:^ 6935:. 6858:. 6818:. 6780:. 6723:-ū 6591:eō 6246:ad 6192:: 6176:eō 5882:, 5753:/ 5381:() 5317:ut 5304:ut 5184:tē 5180:, 5176:sē 5042:ut 5029:ut 4870:, 4866:, 4849:, 4845:, 4789:. 4703:, 4249:nē 4217:: 4215:nē 4074:dā 4068:: 3526:nē 3502:nē 3468:nē 3457:nē 3447:nē 3382:sī 3365:sī 3353:ut 3269:ut 3245:ut 3234:ut 2951:: 2947:nē 2893:: 2889:nē 2808:: 2747:, 2739:, 2731:, 2723:, 2715:, 2707:: 2705:-m 2676:: 2621:: 2429:: 2310:: 2219:-ī 2121:eō 2052:!' 2021:ab 1714:, 1710:, 1702:, 1698:, 1686:, 1678:, 1670:, 1662:, 1654:, 1522:, 1457:in 1388:ex 1376:ad 1370:in 1358:') 1345:eī 1102:ad 1060:ad 949:dō 764:)' 701:, 695:-a 614:hī 267:in 155:. 9620:e 9613:t 9606:v 9392:. 6957:. 6939:. 6878:. 6792:. 6633:' 6621:' 6530:' 6451:' 6425:' 6399:' 6372:' 6346:' 6296:' 6275:' 6235:) 6231:( 6216:' 6149:' 6144:) 6140:( 6119:) 6115:( 6077:( 5834:' 5779:' 5757:' 5745:' 5723:' 5659:. 5598:) 5594:( 5563:) 5559:( 5086:' 4419:) 4415:( 4235:) 4231:( 4166:) 4162:( 4144:! 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