906:
1014:
1111:
1175:
700:
1026:
1730:
1900:, but in all other living mammals, the procoracoid has disappeared, and the coracoid bone has fused with the scapula, to become the coracoid process. These changes are associated with the upright gait of mammals, compared with the more sprawling limb arrangement of reptiles and amphibians; the muscles formerly attached to the procoracoid are no longer required. The altered musculature is also responsible for the alteration in the shape of the rest of the scapula; the forward margin of the original bone became the spine and acromion, from which the main shelf of the shoulder blade arises as a new structure.
1123:
999:
1096:
1187:
2101:
1981:
918:
3428:
882:
1199:
707:
2017:
58:
1832:
2089:
1969:
1881:
projections and spine that it possesses in mammals. However, the detailed structure of these bones varies considerably in living groups. For example, in frogs, the procoracoid bones may be braced together at the animal's underside to absorb the shock of landing, while in turtles, the combined structure forms a Y-shape in order to allow the scapula to retain a connection to the clavicle (which is part of the shell). In birds, the procoracoids help to brace the wing against the top of the
67:
2005:
894:
1241:
1226:
1211:
598:
398:
2041:
1956:
334:
584:
384:
2029:
2077:
2065:
2053:
1993:
714:
1718:
2166:
591:
391:
1790:
cocking and acceleration phase of an overhead activity. The two muscles most commonly inhibited during this first part of an overhead motion are the serratus anterior and the lower trapezius. These two muscles act as a force couple within the glenohumeral joint to properly elevate the acromion process, and if a muscle imbalance exists, shoulder impingement may develop.
2113:
1260:
1353:"In terms of comparative anatomy the human scapula represents two bones that have become fused together; the (dorsal) scapula proper and the (ventral) coracoid. The epiphyseal line across the glenoid cavity is the line of fusion. They are the counterparts of the ilium and ischium of the pelvic girdle."
1315:
Between the 14th and 20th years, the remaining parts ossify in quick succession, and usually in the following order: first, in the root of the coracoid process, in the form of a broad scale; secondly, near the base of the acromion; thirdly, in the inferior angle and contiguous part of the vertebral
524:
is much larger than the preceding; toward its vertebral margin a shallow concavity is seen at its upper part; its center presents a prominent convexity, while near the axillary border is a deep groove which runs from the upper toward the lower part. The medial two-thirds of the fossa give origin to
354:
attaches. The medial two-thirds of the fossa have 3 longitudinal oblique ridges, and another thick ridge adjoins the lateral border; they run outward and upward. The ridges give attachment to the tendinous insertions, and the surfaces between them to the fleshy fibers, of the subscapularis muscle.
1789:
Abnormal scapular function is called scapular dyskinesis. The scapula performs elevation of the acromion process during a throwing or serving motion, in order to avoid impingement of the rotator cuff tendons. If the scapula fails to properly elevate the acromion, impingement may occur during the
2115:
2119:
2118:
2114:
1880:
with the mammalian structure of that name). In amphibians and reptiles (birds included), these two bones are distinct, but together form a single structure bearing many of the muscle attachments for the forelimb. In such animals, the scapula is usually a relatively simple plate, lacking the
2120:
325:, but especially the former, are usually so thin in humans as to be semitransparent; occasionally the bone is found wanting in this situation, and the adjacent muscles are separated only by fibrous tissue. The scapula has two surfaces, three borders, three angles, and three processes.
533:
There is a ridge on the outer part of the back of the scapula. This runs from the lower part of the glenoid cavity, downward and backward to the vertebral border, about 2.5 cm above the inferior angle. Attached to the ridge is a fibrous septum, which separates the
1320:
of the acromion unite, and then join with the extension from the spine. The upper third of the glenoid cavity is ossified from a separate center (sub coracoid), which appears between the 10th and 11th years and joins between the 16th and the 18th years. Further, an
1772:. In this condition the sides of the scapula nearest the spine are positioned outward and backward. The appearance of the upper back is said to be wing-like. In addition, any condition causing weakness of the serratus anterior muscle may cause scapular "winging".
2117:
3448:
813:. It moves forwards round the chest when the arm is abducted. The inferior angle is formed by the union of the medial and lateral borders of the scapula. It is thick and rough and its posterior or back surface affords attachment to the
688:
forms the summit of the shoulder, and is a large, somewhat triangular or oblong process, flattened from behind forward, projecting at first laterally, and then curving forward and upward, so as to overhang the glenoid cavity.
553:
The broad and narrow portions above alluded to are separated by an oblique line, which runs from the axillary border, downward and backward, to meet the elevated ridge: to it is attached a fibrous septum which separates the
472:
The back of the scapula (also called the dorsal or posterior surface) is arched from above downward, and is subdivided into two unequal parts by the spine of the scapula. The portion above the spine is called the
1282:, one for the vertebral border, and one for the inferior angle. Ossification of the body begins about the second month of fetal life, by an irregular quadrilateral plate of bone forming, immediately behind the
848:. The inferior angle is broader below than above and its vertical diameter is the longest. The surface is covered with cartilage in the fresh state; and its margins, slightly raised, give attachment to a
2116:
1301:. The larger part of the scapula undergoes membranous ossification. Some of the outer parts of the scapula are cartilaginous at birth, and would therefore undergo endochondral ossification.
362:, forming a considerable angle, called the subscapular angle; this gives greater strength to the body of the bone by its arched form, while the summit of the arch serves to support the
1138:(also called the vertebral border or medial margin) is the longest of the three borders, and extends from the superior angle to the inferior angle. In animals it is referred to as the
546:
muscles. The upper two-thirds of the surface between the ridge and the axillary border is narrow, and is crossed near its center by a groove for the scapular circumflex vessels; the
202:(collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from the
2704:
Ahmed, Adil S.; Graf, Alexander R.; Karzon, Anthony L.; Graulich, Bethany L.; Egger, Anthony C.; Taub, Sarah M.; Gottschalk, Michael B.; Bowers, Robert L.; Wagner, Eric R. (2022).
250:
The scapula is a thick, flat bone lying on the thoracic wall that provides an attachment for three groups of muscles: intrinsic, extrinsic, and stabilizing and rotating muscles.
2667:
Cools, A., Dewitte, V., Lanszweert, F., Notebaert, D., Roets, A., et al. (2007). Rehabilitation of scapular muscle balance. The
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(10), 1744.
2241:
Al-Redouan, Azzat; Holding, Keiv; Kachlik, David (2021). ""Suprascapular canal": Anatomical and topographical description and its clinical implication in entrapment syndrome".
358:
At the upper part of the fossa is a transverse depression, where the bone appears to be bent on itself along a line at right angles to and passing through the center of the
2301:"Scapula revisited: new features identified and denoted by terms using consensus method of Delphi and taxonomy panel to be implemented in radiologic and surgical practice"
1316:
border; fourthly, near the outer end of the acromion; fifthly, in the vertebral border. The base of the acromion is formed by an extension from the spine; the two
1308:. From the 15th to the 18th month after birth, ossification takes place in the middle of the coracoid process, which as a rule becomes joined with the rest of the
221:
is used for the shoulder blade in medical terminology. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the
Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin
146:
1304:
At birth, a large part of the scapula is osseous, but the glenoid cavity, the coracoid process, the acromion, the vertebral border and the inferior angle are
998:
2758:
Dorland, W.A.N. & Miller, E.C.L. (1948). ‘’The
American illustrated medical dictionary.’’ (21st edition). Philadelphia/London: W.B. Saunders Company.
1095:
2600:
1013:
905:
2470:
493:, above the spine of scapula, is concave, smooth, and broader at its vertebral than at its humeral end; its medial two-thirds give origin to the
1110:
2896:
1174:
798:. The superior angle of the scapula is thin, smooth, rounded, and inclined somewhat lateralward, and gives attachment to a few fibers of the
122:
17:
1294:
about the third month. Ossification starts as membranous ossification before birth. After birth, the cartilaginous components would undergo
1025:
2706:"Pectoralis Minor Syndrome – Review of Pathoanatomy, Diagnosis, and Management of the Primary Cause of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome"
261:, and infraspinatus. These muscles attach to the surface of the scapula and are responsible for the internal and external rotation of the
2444:
2040:
1122:
1325:
appears for the lower part of the glenoid cavity, and the tip of the coracoid process frequently has a separate nucleus. These various
1071:; in front of this is a longitudinal groove, which extends as far as the lower third of this border, and affords origin to part of the
1186:
2658:
Kibler, BW. (1998). The role of the scapula in athletic shoulder function. The
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(2), 325-337.
1980:
818:
1745:
has occurred. Scapular fractures involving the neck of the scapula have two patterns. One (rare) type of fracture is through the
2016:
1861:, both plates are generally small in most other fish, and may be partially cartilagenous, or consist of multiple bony elements.
871:
is the slightly constricted portion which surrounds the head and is more distinct below and behind than above and in front. The
2677:
Watson, L.A.; Pizzari, T.; Balster, S. (2010). "Thoracic outlet syndrome Part 2: Conservative management of thoracic outlet".
2088:
1198:
2454:
2409:
1968:
971:
917:
2100:
2004:
1045:, and inclines obliquely downward and backward to the inferior angle. It is referred to as the caudal border in animals.
881:
3134:
2889:
2808:
2583:
1344:
of the acromion with ligamentous union, it is probable that the detached segment was never united to the rest of the
3458:
3138:
2574:
Livingston DH, Hauser CJ (2003). "Trauma to the chest wall and lung". In Moore EE, Feliciano DV, Mattox KL (eds.).
1817:
is of Latin origin. It is commonly used in medical
English and is part of the current official Latin nomenclature,
583:
383:
792:
699:
2482:
3166:
3036:
2939:
844:
on its articular surface which is directed forward, laterally and slightly upwards, and articulates with the
752:
747:
641:
636:
451:
446:
373:
The costal surface superior of the scapula is the origin of 1st digitation for the serratus anterior origin.
141:
2639:
295:
The third group, which is mainly responsible for stabilization and rotation of the scapula, consists of the
3246:
3073:
3040:
2882:
646:
3148:
1666:
Movements of the scapula are brought about by the scapular muscles. The scapula can perform six actions:
1210:
2300:
2175:
2028:
1240:
1225:
346:
The front of the scapula (also known as the costal or ventral surface) has a broad concavity called the
3418:
3152:
3115:
3069:
3060:
1653:
893:
784:
621:
426:
497:. At its lateral surface resides the spinoglenoid fossa which is situated by the medial margin of the
3210:
3032:
1798:
626:
436:
2231:
Marieb, E. (2005). Anatomy & Physiology (2nd ed.). San
Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
3120:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2836:
1794:
1769:
1532:
1517:
1502:
1424:
1416:
788:
631:
498:
441:
300:
153:
105:
35:
2497:"II. Osteology. 6a. 2. The Scapula (Shoulder Blade). Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body"
1896:, formed just behind the procoracoid. The resulting three-boned structure is still seen in modern
1729:
1524:
1216:
1064:
857:
810:
799:
304:
42:
3396:
3368:
3358:
3333:
3238:
3214:
2842:
2140:
1819:
1041:(or "lateral border") is the thickest of the three. It begins above at the lower margin of the
555:
277:
129:
117:
1913:
3373:
3363:
3353:
3261:
3007:
3003:
2076:
1509:
1494:
1472:
1463:
1447:
1440:
1246:
1231:
1158:
1153:
has a long attachment on the anterior lip. Three muscles insert along the posterior lip, the
456:
75:. The lower picture is a posterior (from the rear) view of the thorax (scapula shown in red).
2207:
2064:
1992:
3218:
2988:
2974:
2970:
1781:
1569:
1078:
The inferior third is thin and sharp, and serves for the attachment of a few fibers of the
535:
351:
322:
289:
258:
2601:"Fractures of the scapula surgical neck: outcome after conservative treatment in 13 cases"
2052:
8:
3463:
3125:
2984:
2749:(29th edition). Philadelphia/London/Toronto/Montreal/Sydney/Tokyo: W.B. Saunders Company.
975:
845:
514:
506:
502:
431:
3427:
2728:
2705:
1940:. The scapula serves as the attachment site for a dinosaur's back and forelimb muscles.
3391:
3109:
2867:
2631:
2536:
2511:
2374:
2339:
1877:
1592:
1577:
1067:, about 2.5 cm (1 in). in length, which gives origin to the long head of the
849:
795:
742:
732:
668:
662:
616:
606:
510:
482:
478:
474:
2278:
Anatomy of the Human Body, 20th ed. / thoroughly rev. and re-edited by Warren H. Lewis
1154:
3468:
3203:
2966:
2944:
2804:
2623:
2579:
2541:
2523:
2450:
2405:
2379:
2361:
2320:
2258:
2180:
1868:, these two structures respectively became the scapula and a bone referred to as the
1738:
1695:
1487:
1162:
1150:
406:
3449:
Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
2635:
706:
337:
3d model of scapula, along with annotations showing the various parts of the scapula
288:
and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, and
3453:
3401:
3345:
3313:
3093:
3083:
3023:
3013:
2723:
2713:
2686:
2615:
2531:
2478:
2369:
2351:
2312:
2250:
1955:
1837:
1754:
1688:
1675:
1629:
1562:
1547:
1456:
1409:
1401:
1394:
1386:
1322:
1287:
1275:
963:
948:
853:
780:
722:
656:
611:
570:
416:
363:
355:
The lateral third of the fossa is smooth and covered by the fibers of this muscle.
308:
285:
573:
glides; frequently the latter muscle takes origin by a few fibers from this part.
3303:
3254:
3170:
3099:
3087:
2929:
2917:
2281:
1831:
1068:
231:
203:
110:
72:
2254:
1921:
57:
30:
This article is about the bone. For the Roman
Catholic sacramental pendant, see
3432:
3318:
3199:
2934:
2839:
at the SUNY Downstate
Medical Center - "Joints of the Upper Extremity: Scapula"
2718:
2690:
2356:
1858:
1761:
1722:
1638:
1622:
1607:
1554:
1337:
1317:
1291:
1283:
1057:
1053:
1042:
959:
944:
861:
727:
411:
359:
292:. These muscles are responsible for several actions of the glenohumeral joint.
281:
262:
27:
Bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone)
2619:
2316:
1937:
791:
of the scapula. The superior angle is located at the approximate level of the
3442:
3323:
3308:
3293:
3190:
3104:
2994:
2862:
2527:
2365:
2208:"Scapula (Shoulder Blade) Anatomy, Muscles, Location, Function | EHealthStar"
2171:
1929:
1584:
1479:
1305:
1083:
1072:
841:
822:
526:
494:
311:. These attach to the medial, superior, and inferior borders of the scapula.
239:
134:
2285:
66:
41:"Shoulderblade" redirects here. For the community in the United States, see
3383:
3285:
3250:
3162:
2627:
2545:
2383:
2324:
2262:
2147:
1850:
1742:
1333:
1332:
Failure of bony union between the acromion and spine sometimes occurs (see
1298:
1295:
254:
3328:
3298:
2151:
1925:
1733:
Left scapula, anterior surface. Anatomic neck: red, Surgical neck: purple
1614:
1599:
1079:
986:
814:
566:
547:
543:
539:
71:
The upper picture is an anterior (from the front) view of the thorax and
2798:
1849:
is a structure attached to the upper surface of the articulation of the
597:
238:, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the
397:
315:
2496:
2046:
Left scapula. Dorsal surface. (Superior border labeled at center top.)
1786:
The scapula plays an important role in shoulder impingement syndrome.
1749:
of the scapula. The other more common type of fracture is through the
321:
The central part of the supraspinatus fossa and the upper part of the
227:, which in Latin signifies either the shoulder or the upper arm bone.
3242:
1897:
1889:
1765:
1760:
An abnormally protruding inferior angle of the scapula is known as a
1741:
are uncommon. When they do occur, they are an indication that severe
1684:
1671:
1539:
1326:
713:
561:
Its lower third presents a broader, somewhat triangular surface, the
333:
296:
235:
159:
3018:
2921:
2874:
2803:. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 186–187.
2402:
Thieme Atlas of
Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System
1917:
1909:
1873:
1865:
1645:
1341:
1279:
1271:
985:
The adjacent part of the superior border affords attachment to the
979:
856:, which deepens the cavity. At its apex is a slight elevation, the
737:
685:
651:
421:
367:
199:
31:
1932:
dinosaurs. The place on the scapula where it articulated with the
1717:
943:
is the shortest and thinnest; it is concave, and extends from the
3181:
3051:
1933:
1882:
1431:
967:
314:
The head, processes, and the thickened parts of the bone contain
266:
195:
2865:
at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (
2769:
Stedman’s concise medical dictionary for the health professions.
1063:
Immediately below the glenoid cavity is a rough impression, the
253:
The intrinsic muscles of the scapula include the muscles of the
2425:
840:
is the thickest part of the scapula. It is broad and bears the
821:
that passes vertically through the inferior angle is named the
273:
211:
207:
2780:
Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) (1998).
1793:
Other conditions associated with scapular dyskenesis include
1703:
Downward rotation: rhomboids, Levator Scapulae, and Pec Minor
1700:
Upward rotation: upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior
1340:, or by an imperfect articulation; in some cases of supposed
1286:. This plate extends to form the chief part of the bone, the
318:
tissue; the rest consists of a thin layer of compact tissue.
91:
875:
passes directly medial to the base of the coracoid process.
3276:
3229:
2905:
1345:
1309:
191:
2292:
1259:
590:
390:
2909:
2240:
1737:
Because of its sturdy structure and protected location,
1266:
Plan of ossification of the scapula. From seven centers.
809:
is the lowest part of the scapula and is covered by the
2703:
1823:. Shoulder blade is the colloquial name for this bone.
958:
At its lateral part is a deep, semicircular notch, the
817:
and often to a few fibers of the latissimus dorsi. The
2269:
1753:
of the scapula. The surgical neck exits medial to the
1274:
from 7 or more centers: one for the body, two for the
1056:, and inclines obliquely downward and backward to the
1004:
3416:
2442:
951:. It is referred to as the cranial border in animals.
2676:
2799:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977).
2654:
2652:
2598:
2338:Frich, Lars Henrik; Larsen, Morten Schultz (2017).
2771:(3rd edition). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
2298:
3440:
2649:
2573:
2516:International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
2280:. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. p. 206.
2443:Thaller, Seth; Scott Mcdonald, W (2004-03-23).
2094:Computer Generated turn around Image of scapula
2010:Diagram of the human shoulder joint, front view
693:Figure 3 : Left scapula. Lateral surface.
2741:
2739:
2510:Paine, Russ; Voight, Michael L. (2016-11-22).
2395:
2393:
2331:
2022:Diagram of the human shoulder joint, back view
1974:Position of scapula (shown in red). Animation.
1920:, both of which directly articulated with the
783:. This angle is formed by the junction of the
577:Figure 2 : Left scapula. Dorsal surface.
529:; the lateral third is covered by this muscle.
377:Figure 1 : Left scapula. Costal surface.
2890:
1369:The following muscles attach to the scapula:
1101:
505:which forms a connecting passage between the
485:, situated lateral to the root of the spine.
2752:
2736:
2509:
2390:
2337:
2275:
1936:(upper bone of the forelimb) is called the
1052:It begins above at the lower margin of the
1019:Left scapula. Superior border shown in red.
222:
2897:
2883:
2761:
2299:Al-Redouan, Azzat; Kachlik, David (2022).
1916:were the scapula (shoulder blade) and the
1149:Four muscles attach to the medial border.
1116:Left scapula. Lateral border shown in red.
65:
56:
2727:
2717:
2578:. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 516.
2535:
2373:
2355:
1857:on the lower surface. Although sturdy in
1329:are joined to the bone by the 25th year.
1180:Left scapula. Medial border shown in red.
1031:Animation. Superior border shown in red.
911:Anatomic neck: red, Surgical neck: purple
34:. For the Roman Governor of Britain, see
2824:Lehrbuch der Anatomie der Haussäugetiere
2747:Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary
2599:van Noort, A; van Kampen, A (Dec 2005).
1830:
1728:
1716:
1707:
1632:(a few fibers, attachment may be absent)
1258:
1204:Still image. Medial border shown in red.
935:There are three borders of the scapula:
332:
2567:
2558:
2399:
1128:Animation. Lateral border shown in red.
14:
3441:
2170:This article incorporates text in the
1775:
1192:Animation. Medial border shown in red.
481:. The two fossae are connected by the
2878:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2710:JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques
2340:"How to deal with a glenoid fracture"
2034:The scapular and circumflex arteries.
1712:
972:superior transverse scapular ligament
2904:
2774:
974:, and serves for the passage of the
501:. The spinoglenoid fossa houses the
214:, which it was thought to resemble.
2404:. New York: Everbest Printing Ltd.
1986:Shape of scapula (left). Animation.
1826:
962:, formed partly by the base of the
175:
24:
2822:Nickel, Schummer, & Seiferle;
2787:
1853:, and is accompanied by a similar
1336:), the junction being effected by
272:The extrinsic muscles include the
230:The scapula forms the back of the
25:
3480:
2830:
966:. This notch is converted into a
257:—the subscapularis, teres minor,
3426:
2164:
2111:
2099:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2051:
2039:
2027:
2015:
2003:
1991:
1979:
1967:
1953:
1928:dinosaurs but largely absent in
1239:
1224:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1121:
1109:
1094:
1024:
1012:
997:
916:
904:
892:
880:
860:, to which the long head of the
712:
705:
698:
596:
589:
582:
396:
389:
382:
2697:
2670:
2661:
2592:
2552:
2503:
2489:
2463:
2436:
1954:
1903:
1007:. Superior border shown in red.
2418:
2234:
2225:
2200:
2191:
1924:. The clavicle was present in
1254:
1104:. Lateral border shown in red.
1102:Dorsal surface of left scapula
1005:Costal surface of left scapula
217:In compound terms, the prefix
13:
1:
2158:
1872:(commonly called simply the "
807:inferior angle of the scapula
773:superior angle of the scapula
691:
575:
563:inferior angle of the scapula
375:
18:Lateral border of the scapula
1835:Scapulae, spine and ribs of
1804:
1661:
1359:R. J. Last – 'Last's Anatomy
978:; sometimes the ligament is
873:surgical neck of the scapula
869:anatomic neck of the scapula
830:lateral angle of the scapula
565:, which gives origin to the
245:
7:
2255:10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151593
2178:of the 20th edition of
2134:
1680:Depression: lower trapezius
1364:
923:Inferior angle shown in red
887:Superior angle shown in red
328:
10:
3485:
2767:Dirckx, J.H. (Ed.) (1997).
2719:10.1016/j.xrrt.2022.05.008
2691:10.1016/j.math.2010.03.002
2357:10.1302/2058-5241.2.160082
2138:
1943:
1779:
928:
899:Lateral angle shown in red
342:Front or subscapular fossa
198:(upper arm bone) with the
40:
29:
3382:
3344:
3284:
3275:
3228:
3189:
3180:
3050:
2953:
2916:
2853:shoulder/surface/surface2
2620:10.1007/s00402-005-0044-y
2512:"The role of the scapula"
2400:Shuenke, Michael (2010).
2317:10.1016/j.jse.2021.07.020
1892:, a third bone, the true
1799:pectoralis minor syndrome
1694:Protraction (abduction):
763:
558:muscles from each other.
152:
140:
128:
116:
104:
90:
85:
80:
64:
55:
50:
2859:'s Department of Anatomy
2857:Dartmouth Medical School
2849:'s Department of Anatomy
2847:Dartmouth Medical School
2837:Anatomy photo:10:st-0301
2561:Anatomy & Physiology
2106:Suprascapular canal path
2082:Scapula. Posterior face.
1998:Thorax seen from behind.
1795:thoracic outlet syndrome
1770:serratus anterior muscle
1739:fractures of the scapula
477:, and that below it the
154:Anatomical terms of bone
36:Publius Ostorius Scapula
3459:Bones of the upper limb
2745:Anderson, D.M. (2000).
2608:Arch Orthop Trauma Surg
2070:Scapula. Anterior face.
1217:Levator scapulae muscle
1065:infraglenoid tuberosity
858:supraglenoid tuberosity
811:latissimus dorsi muscle
800:levator scapulae muscle
43:Shoulderblade, Kentucky
2782:Terminologia Anatomica
2426:"GE Healthcare - Home"
2141:anatomical terminology
1912:the main bones of the
1842:
1820:Terminologia Anatomica
1734:
1726:
1362:
1267:
338:
223:
2843:shoulder/bones/bones2
2712:: S2666639122000694.
2576:Trauma. Fifth Edition
2305:J Shoulder Elbow Surg
2058:Scapula. Medial view.
1834:
1764:and can be caused by
1732:
1720:
1708:Clinical significance
1473:supraglenoid tubercle
1441:infraglenoid tubercle
1350:
1312:about the 15th year.
1262:
1247:Rhomboid major muscle
1232:Rhomboid minor muscle
1161:(middle), and to the
569:, and over which the
457:Infraglenoid tubercle
336:
234:. In humans, it is a
186:), also known as the
3145:supracondylar ridges
2430:www.gehealthcare.com
2276:Gray, Henry (1918).
1782:Impingement syndrome
1691:and middle trapezius
1290:growing up from its
779:, is covered by the
768:There are 3 angles:
536:infraspinatus muscle
352:subscapularis muscle
323:infraspinatous fossa
290:spine of the scapula
2801:The Vertebrate Body
2784:. Stuttgart: Thieme
2559:Saladin, K (2010).
2212:www.ehealthstar.com
2197:O.D.E. 2nd Ed. 2005
1776:Scapular dyskenesis
1082:behind, and of the
976:suprascapular nerve
947:to the base of the
846:head of the humerus
838:head of the scapula
694:
578:
515:suprascapular nerve
507:suprascapular notch
378:
3110:deltoid tuberosity
2344:EFORT Open Reviews
2139:This article uses
1859:cartilagenous fish
1843:
1735:
1727:
1713:Scapular fractures
1593:infraspinous fossa
1578:supraspinous fossa
1268:
850:fibrocartilaginous
836:also known as the
743:Infraspinous fossa
733:Supraspinous fossa
692:
669:teres minor muscle
663:teres major muscle
617:Infraspinous fossa
607:Supraspinous fossa
576:
522:infraspinous fossa
511:spinoglenoid notch
503:suprascpular canal
491:supraspinous fossa
483:spinoglenoid notch
479:infraspinous fossa
475:supraspinous fossa
376:
339:
284:and attach to the
194:that connects the
3414:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3271:
3270:
3219:Lister's tubercle
2945:subclavian groove
2940:costal tuberosity
2456:978-0-8247-5008-4
2411:978-1-60406-286-1
2243:Annals of Anatomy
2214:. 2 December 2014
2121:
1696:serratus anterior
1670:Elevation: upper
1659:
1658:
1488:subscapular fossa
1417:Serratus Anterior
1151:Serratus anterior
796:thoracic vertebra
761:
760:
677:
676:
465:
464:
407:Subscapular fossa
348:subscapular fossa
301:serratus anterior
168:
167:
163:
16:(Redirected from
3476:
3431:
3430:
3422:
3346:Metacarpal bones
3282:
3281:
3247:coronoid process
3187:
3186:
3094:bicipital groove
3024:coracoid process
3014:spine of scapula
2899:
2892:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2868:xrayleftshoulder
2815:
2814:
2796:
2785:
2778:
2772:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2721:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2638:. Archived from
2605:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2539:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2481:. Archived from
2467:
2461:
2460:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2377:
2359:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2168:
2167:
2123:
2122:
2103:
2091:
2079:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1958:
1841:(Big Brown Bat).
1838:Eptesicus fuscus
1827:In other animals
1797:and the related
1755:coracoid process
1676:levator scapulae
1630:Latissimus Dorsi
1563:spine of scapula
1548:spine of scapula
1525:Levator Scapulae
1457:coracoid process
1410:coracoid process
1402:Coracobrachialis
1395:coracoid process
1387:Pectoralis Minor
1372:
1371:
1360:
1323:epiphysial plate
1276:coracoid process
1243:
1228:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1155:levator scapulae
1125:
1113:
1098:
1028:
1016:
1001:
964:coracoid process
949:coracoid process
920:
908:
896:
884:
854:glenoidal labrum
819:anatomical plane
781:trapezius muscle
723:Coracoid process
716:
709:
702:
695:
657:Coracoid process
600:
593:
586:
579:
571:Latissimus dorsi
417:Coracoid process
400:
393:
386:
379:
309:rhomboid muscles
305:levator scapulae
286:coracoid process
226:
177:
160:edit on Wikidata
157:
69:
60:
48:
47:
21:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3425:
3417:
3415:
3406:
3378:
3340:
3267:
3262:styloid process
3255:trochlear notch
3224:
3215:styloid process
3176:
3116:lower extremity
3061:upper extremity
3046:
2949:
2930:conoid tubercle
2918:Shoulder girdle
2912:
2903:
2833:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2797:
2788:
2779:
2775:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2744:
2737:
2702:
2698:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2650:
2642:
2614:(10): 696–700.
2603:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2572:
2568:
2557:
2553:
2508:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2457:
2441:
2437:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2398:
2391:
2336:
2332:
2297:
2293:
2274:
2270:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2217:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2165:
2161:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:Scapula Anatomy
2124:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2095:
2092:
2083:
2080:
2071:
2068:
2059:
2056:
2047:
2044:
2035:
2032:
2023:
2020:
2011:
2008:
1999:
1996:
1987:
1984:
1975:
1972:
1963:
1960:
1946:
1914:pectoral girdle
1906:
1829:
1807:
1784:
1778:
1747:anatomical neck
1715:
1710:
1664:
1654:superior border
1432:Triceps Brachii
1367:
1361:
1358:
1270:The scapula is
1264:Figure 5 :
1257:
1250:
1244:
1235:
1229:
1220:
1214:
1205:
1202:
1193:
1190:
1181:
1178:
1165:(lower middle).
1129:
1126:
1117:
1114:
1105:
1099:
1069:triceps brachii
1039:axillary border
1032:
1029:
1020:
1017:
1008:
1002:
941:superior border
931:
924:
921:
912:
909:
900:
897:
888:
885:
852:structure, the
766:
757:
673:
622:Superior border
550:attaches here.
461:
427:Superior border
350:, to which the
331:
282:deltoid muscles
248:
232:shoulder girdle
204:Classical Latin
164:
98:
76:
73:shoulder girdle
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3482:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3436:
3435:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3234:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3207:
3195:
3193:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3156:
3142:
3128:
3123:
3112:
3107:
3096:
3091:
3077:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
2997:
2992:
2989:great scapular
2978:
2975:infraspinatous
2971:supraspinatous
2959:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2935:trapezoid line
2932:
2926:
2924:
2914:
2913:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2860:
2850:
2840:
2832:
2831:External links
2829:
2828:
2827:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2786:
2773:
2760:
2751:
2735:
2696:
2685:(4): 305–314.
2679:Manual Therapy
2669:
2660:
2648:
2645:on 2009-09-19.
2591:
2584:
2566:
2563:. McGraw-Hill.
2551:
2522:(5): 617–629.
2502:
2488:
2485:on 2011-05-26.
2475:Medcyclopaedia
2471:"Ossification"
2462:
2455:
2435:
2417:
2410:
2389:
2350:(5): 151–157.
2330:
2311:(2): e68-e81.
2291:
2268:
2233:
2224:
2199:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2181:Gray's Anatomy
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2154:the light side
2136:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1905:
1902:
1888:In the fossil
1855:coracoid plate
1847:scapular blade
1828:
1825:
1815:shoulder blade
1813:as synonym of
1806:
1803:
1777:
1774:
1762:winged scapula
1723:winged scapula
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1681:
1678:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:inferior angle
1636:
1633:
1626:
1625:
1623:lateral border
1620:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:lateral border
1605:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1510:Rhomboid Minor
1506:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1495:Rhomboid Major
1491:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1464:Biceps Brachii
1460:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1448:Biceps Brachii
1444:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1366:
1363:
1356:
1338:fibrous tissue
1292:dorsal surface
1288:scapular spine
1284:glenoid cavity
1278:, two for the
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1163:rhomboid major
1159:rhomboid minor
1144:
1143:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1076:
1061:
1058:inferior angle
1054:glenoid cavity
1047:
1046:
1043:glenoid cavity
1034:
1033:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1003:
996:
993:
992:
991:
990:
983:
960:scapular notch
953:
952:
945:superior angle
930:
927:
926:
925:
922:
915:
913:
910:
903:
901:
898:
891:
889:
886:
879:
862:biceps brachii
789:medial borders
765:
762:
759:
758:
756:
755:
753:Lateral border
750:
748:Inferior angle
745:
740:
735:
730:
728:Glenoid cavity
725:
719:
717:
710:
703:
682:
681:
675:
674:
672:
671:
665:
659:
654:
649:
644:
642:Lateral border
639:
637:Inferior angle
634:
629:
627:Superior angle
624:
619:
614:
609:
603:
601:
594:
587:
531:
530:
518:
513:conveying the
470:
469:
463:
462:
460:
459:
454:
452:Lateral border
449:
447:Inferior angle
444:
439:
437:Superior angle
434:
432:Scapular notch
429:
424:
419:
414:
412:Glenoid cavity
409:
403:
401:
394:
387:
360:glenoid cavity
344:
343:
330:
327:
263:shoulder joint
247:
244:
188:shoulder blade
166:
165:
156:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
120:
114:
113:
108:
102:
101:
94:
88:
87:
83:
82:
78:
77:
70:
62:
61:
53:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3481:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3105:radial sulcus
3103:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:glenoid fossa
2993:
2990:
2986:
2985:suprascapular
2982:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2863:radiographsul
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2812:
2810:0-03-910284-X
2806:
2802:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2783:
2777:
2770:
2764:
2755:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2664:
2655:
2653:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2587:
2585:0-07-137069-2
2581:
2577:
2570:
2562:
2555:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2498:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2458:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2446:Facial Trauma
2439:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2394:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2228:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2172:public domain
2163:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2109:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2073:
2066:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2013:
2006:
2001:
1994:
1989:
1982:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1930:ornithischian
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:In the early
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:In fish, the
1840:
1839:
1833:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1751:surgical neck
1748:
1744:
1740:
1731:
1724:
1719:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1585:Infraspinatus
1583:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:Supraspinatus
1568:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:medial border
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:medial border
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1503:medial border
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:Subscapularis
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:medial border
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:cartilaginous
1302:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1248:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1200:
1195:
1188:
1183:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1157:(uppermost),
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1140:dorsal border
1137:
1136:medial border
1133:
1132:
1124:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1084:subscapularis
1081:
1077:
1074:
1073:subscapularis
1070:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1000:
995:
994:
988:
984:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
956:
955:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
937:
936:
933:
919:
914:
907:
902:
895:
890:
883:
878:
877:
876:
874:
870:
865:
864:is attached.
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
842:glenoid fossa
839:
835:
834:glenoid angle
831:
826:
824:
823:scapular line
820:
816:
812:
808:
803:
801:
797:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
769:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
718:
715:
711:
708:
704:
701:
697:
696:
690:
687:
679:
678:
670:
666:
664:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
647:Lateral angle
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
632:Medial border
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
604:
602:
599:
595:
592:
588:
585:
581:
580:
574:
572:
568:
564:
559:
557:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
528:
527:Infraspinatus
523:
519:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:Supraspinatus
492:
488:
487:
486:
484:
480:
476:
467:
466:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
442:Medial border
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
402:
399:
395:
392:
388:
385:
381:
380:
374:
371:
369:
365:
361:
356:
353:
349:
341:
340:
335:
326:
324:
319:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
265:, along with
264:
260:
259:supraspinatus
256:
251:
243:
241:
240:thoracic cage
237:
233:
228:
225:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
173:
161:
155:
151:
148:
145:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:
127:
124:
121:
119:
115:
112:
109:
107:
103:
100:
95:
93:
89:
84:
79:
74:
68:
63:
59:
54:
49:
44:
37:
33:
19:
3397:intermediate
3286:Carpal bones
3260:near wrist (
3251:radial notch
3237:near elbow (
3209:near wrist (
3198:near elbow (
3158:
3144:
3130:
3114:
3098:
3079:
3065:
3059:
3028:
3008:supraglenoid
3004:infraglenoid
2999:
2980:
2962:
2954:
2866:
2823:
2800:
2781:
2776:
2768:
2763:
2754:
2746:
2709:
2699:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2663:
2640:the original
2611:
2607:
2594:
2575:
2569:
2560:
2554:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2491:
2483:the original
2474:
2465:
2445:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2401:
2347:
2343:
2333:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2277:
2271:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2227:
2216:. Retrieved
2211:
2202:
2193:
2183:
2169:
2148:Scapulimancy
1907:
1904:In dinosaurs
1893:
1887:
1869:
1863:
1854:
1851:pectoral fin
1846:
1844:
1836:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1759:
1750:
1746:
1743:chest trauma
1736:
1683:Retraction (
1665:
1450:(short head)
1368:
1352:
1351:
1334:os acromiale
1331:
1314:
1303:
1299:ossification
1296:endochondral
1269:
1263:
1139:
1135:
1038:
940:
934:
932:
872:
868:
866:
837:
833:
829:
827:
806:
804:
777:medial angle
776:
772:
770:
767:
683:
562:
560:
552:
532:
521:
517:and vessels.
490:
471:
372:
357:
347:
345:
320:
313:
294:
271:
255:rotator cuff
252:
249:
229:
218:
216:
187:
183:
179:
171:
169:
123:A02.4.01.001
96:
3211:ulnar notch
3131:epicondyles
2967:subscapular
2152:Oracle bone
1926:saurischian
1876:", but not
1870:procoracoid
1615:Teres Major
1600:Teres Minor
1466:(long head)
1434:(long head)
1255:Development
1080:teres major
987:omohyoideus
815:teres major
567:Teres major
548:Teres minor
544:Teres minor
540:Teres major
269:abduction.
86:Identifiers
3464:Flat bones
3443:Categories
3304:triquetral
3239:tuberosity
3204:tuberosity
3070:anatomical
2249:: 151593.
2218:2016-03-17
2159:References
1898:monotremes
1890:therapsids
1878:homologous
1780:See also:
667:Origin of
661:Origin of
316:cancellous
3384:Phalanges
3319:trapezoid
3314:trapezium
3243:olecranon
3171:olecranon
3121:capitulum
3080:tubercles
3000:tubercles
2528:2159-2896
2366:2396-7544
2286:24786057M
1910:dinosaurs
1866:tetrapods
1809:The name
1805:Etymology
1766:paralysis
1689:rhomboids
1685:adduction
1672:trapezius
1662:Movements
1544:insertion
1540:Trapezius
1529:insertion
1514:insertion
1499:insertion
1421:insertion
1391:insertion
1378:Direction
1327:epiphyses
1086:in front.
538:from the
297:trapezius
246:Structure
236:flat bone
224:(h)umerus
210:or small
206:word for
190:, is the
3469:Shoulder
3392:proximal
3324:capitate
3309:pisiform
3294:scaphoid
3167:coronoid
3126:trochlea
3074:surgical
3037:inferior
3033:superior
3019:acromion
2922:clavicle
2729:10426640
2636:11217081
2628:16189689
2546:24175141
2384:28630753
2325:34454038
2263:32898658
2176:page 202
2135:See also
1962:3D image
1922:clavicle
1918:coracoid
1894:coracoid
1874:coracoid
1646:Omohyoid
1365:Function
1357:—
1342:fracture
1280:acromion
1272:ossified
980:ossified
785:superior
738:Acromion
686:acromion
652:Acromion
509:and the
422:Acromion
368:acromion
329:Surfaces
200:clavicle
184:scapulas
180:scapulae
97:scapula
32:Scapular
3454:Scapula
3433:Anatomy
3334:hamulus
3182:Forearm
3149:lateral
3135:lateral
3084:greater
3052:Humerus
3041:lateral
2981:notches
2955:Scapula
2908:of the
2855:at the
2845:at the
2537:3811730
2375:5467683
1944:Gallery
1938:glenoid
1934:humerus
1883:sternum
1811:scapula
1768:of the
1555:Deltoid
1381:Region
970:by the
968:foramen
929:Borders
499:glenoid
278:triceps
267:humeral
196:humerus
172:scapula
111:D012540
81:Details
51:Scapula
3419:Portal
3402:distal
3329:hamate
3299:lunate
3191:Radius
3163:radial
3159:fossae
3153:medial
3139:medial
3088:lesser
3029:angles
2963:fossae
2807:
2726:
2634:
2626:
2582:
2544:
2534:
2526:
2453:
2408:
2382:
2372:
2364:
2323:
2284:
2261:
2184:(1918)
1725:(left)
1650:origin
1635:origin
1619:origin
1604:origin
1589:origin
1574:origin
1559:origin
1484:origin
1469:origin
1453:origin
1437:origin
1406:origin
1375:Muscle
1318:nuclei
793:second
764:Angles
307:, and
280:, and
274:biceps
212:shovel
208:trowel
3066:necks
2906:Bones
2643:(PDF)
2632:S2CID
2604:(PDF)
2174:from
1249:(red)
1234:(red)
1219:(red)
612:Spine
556:Teres
364:spine
158:[
147:13394
99:(omo)
92:Latin
3277:Hand
3230:Ulna
3200:head
3100:body
2805:ISBN
2624:PMID
2580:ISBN
2542:PMID
2524:ISSN
2451:ISBN
2406:ISBN
2380:PMID
2362:ISSN
2321:PMID
2259:PMID
1674:and
1346:bone
1310:bone
1134:The
1037:The
939:The
867:The
828:The
805:The
787:and
771:The
684:The
680:Side
542:and
525:the
520:The
489:The
468:Back
366:and
219:omo-
192:bone
170:The
135:1143
118:TA98
106:MeSH
3374:5th
3369:4th
3364:3rd
3359:2nd
3354:1st
2910:arm
2724:PMC
2714:doi
2687:doi
2616:doi
2612:125
2532:PMC
2370:PMC
2352:doi
2313:doi
2251:doi
2247:233
1908:In
1687:):
832:or
775:or
182:or
176:pl.
142:FMA
130:TA2
3445::
3253:,
3249:,
3245:,
3241:,
3217:,
3213:,
3202:,
3169:,
3165:,
3151:,
3137:,
3086:,
3072:,
3039:,
3035:,
3006:,
2987:,
2973:,
2969:,
2920:,
2789:^
2738:^
2722:.
2708:.
2683:15
2681:.
2651:^
2630:.
2622:.
2610:.
2606:.
2540:.
2530:.
2518:.
2514:.
2479:GE
2477:.
2473:.
2449:.
2428:.
2392:^
2378:.
2368:.
2360:.
2346:.
2342:.
2319:.
2309:31
2307:.
2303:.
2282:OL
2257:.
2245:.
2210:.
1885:.
1801:.
1757:.
1721:A
1348:.
825:.
802:.
370:.
303:,
299:,
276:,
242:.
178::
3421::
3264:)
3257:)
3221:)
3206:)
3173:)
3161:(
3155:)
3147:(
3141:)
3133:(
3118::
3102::
3090:)
3082:(
3076:)
3068:(
3063::
3043:)
3031:(
3010:)
3002:(
2991:)
2983:(
2977:)
2965:(
2898:e
2891:t
2884:v
2871:)
2826:.
2813:.
2732:.
2716::
2693:.
2689::
2618::
2588:.
2548:.
2520:8
2499:.
2459:.
2432:.
2414:.
2386:.
2354::
2348:2
2327:.
2315::
2288:.
2265:.
2253::
2221:.
2150:/
2143:.
1142:.
1075:.
1060:.
989:.
982:.
174:(
162:]
45:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
