22:
2036:
168:, repeated his claim that neither he "nor anyone else in Germany wanted the war in 1939," stated his reasons for his intention to commit suicide, and praised and expressed his thanks to the German people for their support and achievements. Also included in the first testament are statements detailing his claim that he tried to avoid war with other states and attributed responsibility for it to "
544:, considered restricting access to these documents. He feared they might become cult objects among the Germans. Since they were public knowledge already, the Americans did not share these concerns but nonetheless agreed to refrain from further publication of them. Hitler's testament and his marriage certificate were presented to US President
505:, after comparing the wording of Hitler's last testament to the writings and statements of both Hitler and Goebbels, concluded that Goebbels was at least partly responsible for helping Hitler write it. Junge stated that Hitler was reading from notes when he dictated the testament after midnight on 29 April.
172:
and its helpers." He would not "forsake Berlin even though the forces were too small to hold out." Hitler expressed his intent to choose death rather than "fall into the hands of enemies" and "the masses" in need of "a spectacle arranged by Jews." He concluded with a call to continue the "sacrifice"
571:
All four witnesses to the political testament died shortly afterwards. Goebbels and his wife committed suicide. Burgdorf and Krebs committed suicide together on the night of 1/2 May in the bunker. Bormann's exact time and place of death remain uncertain; his remains were discovered near the site of
84:
Both the
Political Testament and the Private Will and Personal Testament of Adolf Hitler were dictated to Junge during the last days of Hitler's life and signed on 29 April 1945, but these artifacts should not be confused with an entirely different—and controversial—document known as
209:
Heinrich
Himmler was also expelled from the party and dismissed from all of his state offices for attempting to negotiate peace with the western Allies without Hitler's "knowledge" and against permission. Hitler declared both Himmler and Göring to be traitors.
603:
nor Hitler's appointee, SeyĂź-Inquart, held the post of
Foreign Minister. The post was given to Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, who after Goebbels' suicide also became Leading Minister of the German Reich (Head of Cabinet, post equivalent to Chancellor).
483:. Within the next two days, Goebbels, Burgdorf, and Krebs also committed suicide. Bormann's fate was unknown for decades, but the positive identification of his remains in 1998 indicated that he died fleeing on 2 May 1945 to avoid capture by the Soviet
666:
Martin
Bormann – in one of the 10 groups attempting to escape from the bunker complex – managed to cross the Spree. He was reported to have died a short distance from the Weidendammer bridge, his body was seen and identified by
635:
consists of alleged recordings made by
Reichsleiter Martin Bormann from Hitler's bunker in Berlin; it purports to be a continuation of the widely published table talks Hitler conducted during the course of the war. Biographers
163:
The last political testament was signed at the same time as Hitler's last will, 04:00 on 29 April 1945. It was in two parts. The first part of the testament talked of his motivations in the three decades since volunteering in
536:. Thus, two copies of the papers ended up in American hands, and one set in British hands. The texts of the documents were published widely in the American and British press by January 1946 but British
186:
Hermann Göring from the party and dismissed him from all of his state offices. He also cancelled the 1941 decree naming Göring as his successor in the event of his death. To replace him, Hitler named
97:
The last will was a short document signed on 29 April at 04:00. It acknowledged his marriage—but does not name Eva Braun—and that they choose death over disgrace of deposition or
1023:
1331:—The German version of the testament includes the fifteen other names only noted as "Here follow fifteen others" in the English translation published by the U.S. Government.
180:
The second part of his testament lays out Hitler's intentions for the German government and the Nazi Party after his death and details who was to succeed him. He expelled
644:, as well as other historians have taken them as legitimate, but their authenticity is questioned by a considerable number of scholars, not the least of which includes
132:
be the one who was "permitted to take out everything that has a sentimental value or is necessary for the maintenance of a modest simple life" for these people as well.
1352:
61:, he denied charges of warmongering, expressed his thanks to Germany's loyal citizens, and appealed to them to continue the struggle. In the second, he declared
521:. He was arrested by the British while travelling under an alias as a journalist from Luxembourg. He revealed the existence of two more copies and messengers:
401:
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128:," Eva Braun's mother and his "faithful co-workers" such as his housekeeper Mrs. Winter; however, he also required that his chief private secretary
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and "struggle." He expressed hope for a renaissance of the
National Socialist movement with the realisation of a "true people's community (
657:
A three-part article chronicling how the documents came into the possession of the Allies can be found at the
National Archives' webpage.
2016:
1742:
532:. Zander was using the pseudonym "Friedrich Wilhelm Paustin" to travel, and was shortly apprehended along with Johannmeyer in the
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and was also "given full legal authority to make all decisions." The will was witnessed by
Bormann, Goebbels, and Colonel
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tried to claim her inheritance from the will, but was unsuccessful because Hitler had yet to be legally declared dead.
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the bunker in 1972 and identified by DNA analysis in 1998. He probably died the same night trying to escape from the
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On the afternoon of 30 April, about a day and a half after he signed his last will and testament, Hitler and Braun
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The
Struggle for the Files. The Western Allies and the Return of German Archives after the Second World War
213:
Hitler appointed the following as the new
Cabinet and what he saw as the new leaders of the German nation:
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648:, who refused to reference them in his authoritative work on Hitler. On this, also see Kershaw.
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Objects of "sentimental value or necessary for the maintenance of a modest simple life" went to "
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1981:
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recalled that he was reading from notes as he dictated the testament, and it is believed that
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Three messengers were assigned to take the will and political testament out of the besieged
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Hitler's original last will and testament is currently housed in the security vault of the
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1024:"The Search for Hitler's Political Testament, Personal Will, and Marriage Certificate"
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to ensure their presence for posterity. The first messenger was deputy press attaché
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Leiter der Deutschen Arbeitsfront und Mitglied des Reichskabinetts: Reichsminister
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were ignored (or the two ministers quickly reinstated). Neither former incumbent
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143:. Should the State also be destroyed, "no further decision of mine is necessary."
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1115:. Vol. VI. Washington D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
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to be traitors, and set out his plan for a new government under
1999:
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The Secretary. Martin Bormann: The Man Who Manipulated Hitler
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The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, The Evidence, The Truth
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1139:. Translated by Helmut Bölger. London: Brockhampton Press.
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The political testament was in two parts. In the first,
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European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire
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105:. The will divided up Hitler's belongings as follows:
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and dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, signed his
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525:, Hitler's army adjutant, and Bormann's adjutant SS-
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139:, and then, should the party no longer exist, to
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1344:explains why Hitler had fallen out with Goering.
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1046:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 46–47.
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548:. One set was placed on public display at the
338:ReichsfĂĽhrer-SS und Chef der Deutschen Polizei
135:Whatever else of value was to be given to the
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1236:Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. 1
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199:and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.
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221:), Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces (
1315:"NS-Archiv: Adolf Hitler, Die Testamente"
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1111:International Military Tribunal (2019) .
759:
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1177:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
1158:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
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468:Witnessed by Goebbels, Bormann, General
38:political testament and his private will
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423:Johann Ludwig Graf Schwerin von Krosigk
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1297:The Hunt for Martin Bormann: The Truth
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1217:The Hitler Years: Disaster, 1940–1945
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25:First page of the political testament
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779:International Military Tribunal 2019
147:Bormann was nominated as the will's
46:on 29 April 1945, the day before he
585:of Hitler's appointed successor as
315:Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force
101:; and that their bodies were to be
16:Will and testament of Nazi dictator
13:
1348:Documents in the National Archives
14:
2124:
1335:
1238:. San Jose, CA: R. James Bender.
557:National Archives at College Park
109:His art collection is left to "a
2035:
2034:
1387:
1219:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
1007:. London: Viking–Penguin Books.
902:, pp. 98–99, 101, 127, 144.
1353:The Discovery of Hitler's Wills
993:
864:
660:
651:
550:National Archives in Washington
2083:Wills and testaments by person
1113:Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression
626:
296:Commander-in-Chief of the Army
238:Commander-in-Chief of the Navy
1:
1276:10.1080/13507486.2018.1532983
1257:Hitlers politisches Testament
1087:My Private Will and Testament
706:, pp. 1024–1025, fn 121.
633:The Testament of Adolf Hitler
614:
490:
87:The Testament of Adolf Hitler
678:
671:who followed the same route.
566:
247:): Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz
158:
7:
2073:April 1945 events in Europe
1996:(possible illegitimate son)
1299:. London: Pen & Sword.
1068:. New York: Penguin Group.
591:Dönitz, the depositions of
534:American zone of occupation
457:and member of the Cabinet (
10:
2129:
2017:Streets named after Hitler
1200:. New York: Random House.
1156:Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis
1042:Eckert, Astrid M. (2012).
487:forces encircling Berlin.
223:Oberster Befehlshaber der
59:Mein politisches Testament
2030:
2009:
1918:
1862:Hitler: The Last Ten Days
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1796:
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1670:MeldemannstraĂźe dormitory
1648:
1557:
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1253:Nilsson, Michael (2018).
1215:McDonough, Frank (2021).
1192:Lang, Jochen von (1979).
1005:Berlin: The Downfall 1945
607:In 1952, Hitler's sister
250:Chancellor of the Reich (
1888:Hitler: The Rise of Evil
1234:Miller, Michael (2006).
509:History of the documents
217:President of the Reich (
1902:Shigeru Mizuki's Hitler
1472:Last will and testament
1097:Hitler, Adolf (1945b).
1083:Hitler, Adolf (1945a).
1022:Bradsher, Greg (2016).
363:Minister of Agriculture
326:Robert Ritter von Greim
111:gallery in my home town
92:
2093:World War II documents
1982:William Stuart-Houston
1528:Assassination attempts
1101:My Political Testament
1066:The Third Reich at War
1028:U.S. National Archives
601:Joachim von Ribbentrop
587:
574:
402:Minister of Propaganda
197:President of the Reich
26:
2088:Works by Adolf Hitler
2078:Death of Adolf Hitler
1970:Leo Rudolf Raubal Jr.
1869:The Meaning of Hitler
1788:German naturalization
1680:16 Prinzregentenplatz
1173:Kershaw, Ian (2008).
1154:Kershaw, Ian (2001).
1131:Joachimsthaler, Anton
441:Minister of Munitions
319:Oberbefehlshaber der
300:Oberbefehlshaber des
242:Oberbefehlshaber der
81:helped him write it.
73:. Hitler's secretary
24:
2022:Mannerheim recording
1946:Johann Georg Hiedler
1848:The Victory of Faith
1424:Political directives
849:, pp. 949, 950.
793:, pp. 948, 950.
583:Flensburg Government
273:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
126:brothers and sisters
1952:Maria Schicklgruber
1855:Triumph of the Will
1842:Killing baby Hitler
1832:Cult of personality
1773:Hitler's Table Talk
1716:possible monorchism
1649:Civilian residences
1538:conspiracy theories
1342:The Death of Hitler
1175:Hitler: A Biography
984:Joachimsthaler 1999
890:, pp. 953–955.
781:, pp. 259–260.
735:, pp. 566–567.
694:, pp. 871–891.
620:Informational notes
552:for several years.
455:German Labour Front
415:Minister of Finance
397:Gustav Adolf Scheel
389:Minister of Culture
384:Otto Georg Thierack
376:Minister of Justice
350:Minister of Economy
334:and Chief of Police
170:international Jewry
1909:Apocalypse: Hitler
1837:In popular culture
428:Minister of Labour
310:Ferdinand Schörner
254:): Joseph Goebbels
153:Nicolaus von Below
27:
2050:
2049:
1768:Psychopathography
1758:Stefanie Rabatsch
1723:Wealth and income
1699:
1698:
1580:Reich Chancellery
1245:978-93-297-0037-2
1226:978-1-25027-512-7
1207:978-0-394-50321-9
1184:978-0-393-06757-6
1165:978-0-39304-994-7
1146:978-1-86019-902-8
1122:978-1-64594-028-9
1075:978-0-14-311671-4
1062:Evans, Richard J.
1014:978-0-670-03041-5
950:, pp. 46–47.
538:Foreign Secretary
523:Willy Johannmeyer
481:committed suicide
324:): Field Marshal
278:Interior Minister
261:): Martin Bormann
207:Interior Minister
175:Volksgemeinschaft
48:committed suicide
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2103:Heinrich Himmler
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1994:Jean-Marie Loret
1763:Reinhold Hanisch
1631:Wolfsschlucht II
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79:Joseph Goebbels
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1336:External links
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1269:(5): 871–891.
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760:McDonough 2021
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733:McDonough 2021
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410:Werner Naumann
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367:Landwirtschaft
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269:Aussenminister
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259:Parteiminister
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234:Kriegsminister
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130:Martin Bormann
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67:Hermann Göring
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1972:(half-nephew)
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1960:(half-sister)
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1958:Angela Hitler
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1954:(grandmother)
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1948:(grandfather)
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1738:Vegetarianism
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1411:FĂĽhrerprinzip
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282:Innenminister
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39:
35:
31:
23:
19:
2039:
1988:Heinz Hitler
1978:(half-niece)
1964:Paula Hitler
1940:Klara Hitler
1934:Alois Hitler
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1686:Obersalzberg
1637:
1585:FĂĽhrerbunker
1584:
1562:Headquarters
1559:
1518:World War II
1513:Nazi Germany
1471:
1466:Zweites Buch
1464:
1445:
1409:
1402:
1389:Adolf Hitler
1323:. Retrieved
1318:
1296:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1235:
1216:
1195:
1174:
1155:
1135:
1112:
1100:
1086:
1065:
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1027:
1004:
994:Bibliography
979:
967:
955:
943:
936:Kershaw 2008
931:
919:
907:
900:Whiting 1996
895:
888:Kershaw 2008
883:
875:
871:Hitler 1945b
866:
854:
847:Kershaw 2008
842:
835:Kershaw 2008
818:Hitler 1945b
803:Kershaw 2008
798:
791:Kershaw 2008
786:
745:Hitler 1945a
740:
728:
721:Kershaw 2008
704:Kershaw 2001
699:
692:Nilsson 2018
687:
669:Artur Axmann
662:
653:
642:Alan Bullock
638:Joachim Fest
632:
628:
606:
597:Franz Seldte
593:Albert Speer
580:
575:FĂĽhrerbunker
570:
554:
542:Ernest Bevin
526:
519:Heinz Lorenz
515:FĂĽhrerbunker
514:
512:
496:
495:In his book
494:
478:
467:
458:
444:
431:
418:
405:
392:
379:
366:
358:Walther Funk
353:
341:
337:
331:
318:
299:
291:Paul Giesler
285:
281:
268:
258:
251:
244:Kriegsmarine
241:
233:
222:
218:
212:
200:
187:
181:
179:
174:
162:
146:
99:capitulation
96:
86:
83:
75:Traudl Junge
58:
56:
43:FĂĽhrerbunker
41:
30:Adolf Hitler
28:
18:
2098:Karl Dönitz
1976:Geli Raubal
1820:Perceptions
1621:Wolf's Lair
1321:(in German)
972:Beevor 2002
948:Eckert 2012
912:Miller 2006
646:Ian Kershaw
193:Karl Dönitz
189:GroĂźadmiral
166:World War I
71:Karl Dönitz
2057:Categories
1799:belongings
1690:Kampfhäusl
1611:Tannenberg
1606:Felsennest
1601:Anlage SĂĽd
1596:Adlerhorst
1549:Places of
1458:in English
1447:Mein Kampf
859:Evans 2008
615:References
498:The Bunker
491:Authorship
474:Hans Krebs
463:Robert Ley
406:Propaganda
354:Wirtschaft
345:Karl Hanke
137:Nazi Party
34:chancellor
1928:Eva Braun
1797:Personal
1778:Paintings
1748:Bodyguard
1733:Sexuality
1590:Vorbunker
1551:residence
1453:in Arabic
1319:NS-Archiv
1295:(1996) .
1285:149705671
1133:(1999) .
924:Lang 1979
876:NS-Archiv
679:Citations
567:Aftermath
342:Gauleiter
321:Luftwaffe
287:Gauleiter
225:Wehrmacht
159:Testament
141:the State
52:Eva Braun
2041:Category
1966:(sister)
1942:(mother)
1936:(father)
1895:Downfall
1441:Prophecy
1436:Speeches
1396:Politics
1064:(2008).
1003:(2002).
561:Maryland
485:Red Army
419:Finanzen
149:executor
103:cremated
1616:Werwolf
1570:Berghof
1033:20 June
581:In the
461:): Dr.
445:RĂĽstung
434:): Dr.
408:): Dr.
395:): Dr.
236:), and
117:on the
40:in the
2000:Blondi
1930:(wife)
1920:Family
1881:Moloch
1711:Health
1676:Munich
1666:Vienna
1560:FĂĽhrer
1491:Events
1482:Nazism
1404:FĂĽhrer
1325:5 June
1303:
1283:
1242:
1223:
1204:
1181:
1162:
1143:
1119:
1103:
1089:
1072:
1050:
1011:
432:Arbeit
393:Kultur
380:Justiz
302:Heeres
119:Danube
2010:Other
2002:(dog)
1827:Books
1743:Staff
1533:Death
1477:Books
1281:S2CID
609:Paula
1661:Linz
1429:List
1327:2019
1301:ISBN
1240:ISBN
1221:ISBN
1202:ISBN
1179:ISBN
1160:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1117:ISBN
1070:ISBN
1048:ISBN
1035:2022
1009:ISBN
640:and
595:and
205:and
177:)."
115:Linz
93:Will
65:and
1271:doi
559:in
447:):
421:):
382:):
369:):
356:):
340:):
305:):
284:):
271:):
228:),
195:as
113:of
2059::
1588:/
1317:.
1279:.
1267:26
1265:.
1261:.
1026:.
873:;
825:^
810:^
767:^
752:^
711:^
578:.
563:.
540:,
501:,
476:.
155:.
121:;"
89:.
54:.
32:,
1692:)
1688:(
1682:)
1678:(
1672:)
1668:(
1640:)
1592:)
1582:(
1576:)
1572:(
1381:e
1374:t
1367:v
1329:.
1309:.
1287:.
1273::
1259:"
1248:.
1229:.
1210:.
1187:.
1168:.
1149:.
1125:.
1106:.
1092:.
1078:.
1056:.
1037:.
1017:.
962:.
820:.
747:.
443:(
430:(
417:(
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391:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
