814:. Another important part of the plan was to introduce a new kind of sustainable colonization, and Las Casas advocated supporting the migration of Spanish peasants to the Indies where they would introduce small-scale farming and agriculture, a kind of colonization that did not rely on resource depletion and Indian labor. Las Casas worked to recruit a large number of peasants who would want to travel to the islands, where they would be given lands to farm, cash advances, and the tools and resources they needed to establish themselves there. The recruitment drive was difficult, and during the process the power relation shifted at court when Chancellor Sauvage, Las Casas's main supporter, unexpectedly died. In the end a much smaller number of peasant families were sent than originally planned, and they were supplied with insufficient provisions and no support secured for their arrival. Those who survived the journey were ill-received, and had to work hard even to survive in the hostile colonies. Las Casas was devastated by the tragic result of his peasant migration scheme, which he felt had been thwarted by his enemies. He decided instead to undertake a personal venture which would not rely on the support of others, and fought to win a land grant on the American mainland which was in its earliest stage of colonization.
1633:
773:, and given a yearly salary of one hundred pesos. In this new office Las Casas was expected to serve as an advisor to the new governors with regard to Indian issues, to speak the case of the Indians in court, and send reports back to Spain. Las Casas and the commissioners traveled to Santo Domingo on separate ships, and Las Casas arrived two weeks later than the Hieronimytes. During this time the Hieronimytes had time to form a more pragmatic view of the situation than the one advocated by Las Casas; their position was precarious as every encomendero on the Islands was fiercely against any attempts to curtail their use of native labor. Consequently, the commissioners were unable to take any radical steps towards improving the situation of the natives. They did revoke some encomiendas from Spaniards, especially those who were living in Spain and not on the islands themselves; they even repossessed the encomienda of
1616:
or mining areas. Here, Las Casas argued, Indians could be better governed, better taught and indoctrinated in the
Christian faith, and would be easier to protect from abuse than if they were in scattered settlements. Each town would have a royal hospital built with four wings in the shape of a cross, where up to 200 sick Indians could be cared for at a time. He described in detail social arrangements, distribution of work, how provisions would be divided and even how table manners were to be introduced. Regarding expenses, he argued that "this should not seem expensive or difficult, because after all, everything comes from them and they work for it and it is theirs." He even drew up a budget of each pueblo's expenses to cover wages for administrators, clerics, Bachelors of Latin, doctors, surgeons, pharmacists, advocates, ranchers, miners, muleteers, hospitalers, pig herders, fishermen, etc.
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1568:, a friend of Las Casas, to reinstate the rule of law, and he in turn defeated Pizarro. To restabilize the political situation the encomenderos started pushing not only for the repeal of the New Laws, but for turning the encomiendas into perpetual patrimony of the encomenderos – the worst possible outcome from Las Casas's point of view. The encomenderos offered to buy the rights to the encomiendas from the Crown, and Charles V was inclined to accept since his wars had left him in deep economic troubles. Las Casas worked hard to convince the emperor that it would be a bad economic decision, that it would return the viceroyalty to the brink of open rebellion, and could result in the Crown losing the colony entirely. The emperor, probably because of the doubts caused by Las Casas's arguments, never took a final decision on the issue of the encomiendas.
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Las Casas feared that at the rate the exploitation was proceeding it would be too late to hinder their annihilation unless action were taken rapidly. The second was a change in the labor policy so that instead of a colonist owning the labor of specific
Indians, he would have a right to man-hours, to be carried out by no specific persons. This required the establishment of self-governing Indian communities on the land of colonists – who would themselves organize to provide the labor for their patron. The colonist would only have rights to a certain portion of the total labor, so that a part of the Indians were always resting and taking care of the sick. He proposed 12 other remedies, all having the specific aim of improving the situation for the Indians and limiting the powers that colonists were able to exercise over them.
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abundant and well provided for, and did not lack anything to live politically and socially, and attain and enjoy civil happiness.... And they equaled many nations of this world that are renowned and considered civilized, and they surpassed many others, and to none were they inferior. Among those they equaled were the Greeks and the Romans, and they surpassed them by many good and better customs. They surpassed also the
English and the French and some of the people of our own Spain; and they were incomparably superior to countless others, in having good customs and lacking many evil ones." This work in which Las Casas combined his own ethnographic observations with those of other writers, and compared customs and cultures between different peoples, has been characterized as an early beginning of the discipline of
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777:. They also carried out an inquiry into the Indian question at which all the encomenderos asserted that the Indians were quite incapable of living freely without their supervision. Las Casas was disappointed and infuriated. When he accused the Hieronymites of being complicit in kidnapping Indians, the relationship between Las Casas and the commissioners broke down. Las Casas had become a hated figure by Spaniards all over the islands, and he had to seek refuge in the Dominican monastery. The Dominicans had been the first to indict the encomenderos, and they continued to chastise them and refuse the absolution of confession to slave owners, and even stated that priests who took their confession were committing a
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2025:(2007), takes on such a task. He argues that he was more of a politician than a humanitarian and that his liberation policies were always combined with schemes to make colonial extraction of resources from the natives more efficient. He also argues that Las Casas failed to realize that by seeking to replace indigenous spirituality with Christianity, he was undertaking a religious colonialism that was more intrusive than the physical one. The responses to his work are varied. Some claim that Castro's portrayal of Las Casas had an air of anachronism. Others have agreed with Castro's deconstruction of Las Casas as a nuanced and contradictory historical figure.
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1202:, himself an encomendero, decided not to implement the laws in his domain, and instead sent a party to Spain to argue against the laws on behalf of the encomenderos. Las Casas himself was also not satisfied with the laws, as they were not drastic enough and the encomienda system was going to function for many years still under the gradual abolition plan. He drafted a suggestion for an amendment arguing that the laws against slavery were formulated in such a way that it presupposed that violent conquest would still be carried out, and he encouraged once again beginning a phase of peaceful colonization by peasants instead of soldiers.
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1375:, and so could not be held clean of guilt under Las Casas's strict rules. In 1548, the Crown decreed that all copies of Las Casas's Confesionario be burnt, and his Franciscan adversary, Motolinia, obliged and sent back a report to Spain. Las Casas defended himself by writing two treatises on the "Just Title" – arguing that the only legality with which the Spaniards could claim titles over realms in the New World was through peaceful proselytizing. All warfare was illegal and unjust and only through the papal mandate of peacefully bringing Christianity to heathen peoples could "Just Titles" be acquired.
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1397:, and then the council listened to Las Casas read his counterarguments in the form of an "Apología". Sepúlveda argued that the subjugation of certain Indians was warranted because of their sins against Natural Law; that their low level of civilization required civilized masters to maintain social order; that they should be made Christian and that this in turn required them to be pacified; and that only the Spanish could defend weak Indians against the abuses of the stronger ones. Las Casas countered that the scriptures did not in fact support war against all heathens, only against certain
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901:, in January 1521, he received the terrible news that the Dominican convent at Chiribichi had been sacked by Indians, and that the Spaniards of the islands had launched a punitive expedition, led by Gonzalo de Ocampo, into the very heart of the territory that Las Casas wanted to colonize peacefully. The Indians had been provoked to attack the settlement of the monks because of the repeated slave raids by Spaniards operating from Cubagua. As Ocampo's ships began returning with slaves from the land Las Casas had been granted, he went to Hispaniola to complain to the
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1695:– the tradition of describing the Spanish empire as exceptionally morally corrupt and violent. It was republished several times by groups that were critical of the Spanish realm for political or religious reasons. The first edition in translation was published in Dutch in 1578, during the religious persecution of Dutch Protestants by the Spanish crown, followed by editions in French (1578), English (1583), and German (1599) – all countries where religious wars were raging. The first edition published in Spain after Las Casas's death appeared in
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869:. To make the proposal palatable to the king, Las Casas had to incorporate the prospect of profits for the royal treasury. He suggested fortifying the northern coast of Venezuela, establishing ten royal forts to protect the Indians and starting up a system of trade in gold and pearls. All the Indian slaves of the New World should be brought to live in these towns and become tribute paying subjects to the king. To secure the grant, Las Casas had to go through a long court fight against Bishop Fonseca and his supporters
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741:" of 1516. In this early work, Las Casas advocated importing black slaves from Africa to relieve the suffering Indians, a stance he later retracted, becoming an advocate for the Africans in the colonies as well. This shows that Las Casas's first concern was not to end slavery as an institution, but to end the physical abuse and suffering of the Indians. In keeping with the legal and moral doctrine of the time, Las Casas believed that slavery could be justified if it was the result of
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1680:. Las Casas's point of view can be described as being heavily against some of the Spanish methods of colonization, which, as he described them, inflicted great losses on the indigenous occupants of the islands. In addition, his critique towards the colonizers served to bring awareness to his audience on the true meaning of Christianity, to dismantle any misconceptions on evangelization. His account was largely responsible for the adoption of the
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have destroyed such an infinite number of them by homicides and slaughters never heard of before. Why do you keep them so oppressed and exhausted, without giving them enough to eat or curing them of the sicknesses they incur from the excessive labor you give them, and they die, or rather you kill them, in order to extract and acquire gold every day." Las Casas himself argued against the
Dominicans in favor of the justice of the
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1386:(Another Democrates, or A New Democrates, or on the Just Causes of War against the Indians) had argued that some native peoples were incapable of ruling themselves and should be pacified forcefully. The book was deemed unsound for publication by the theologians of Salamanca and Alcalá for containing unsound doctrine, but the pro-encomendero faction seized on Sepúlveda as their intellectual champion.
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2242:"If one sacrifices from what has been wrongfully obtained, the offering is blemished; the gifts of the lawless are not acceptable. ... Like one who kills a son before his father's eyes is the man who offers sacrifice from the property of the poor. The bread of the needy is the life of the poor; whoever deprives them of it is a man of blood." quoted from
370:, on behalf of rights for the natives. In his early writings, he advocated the use of African slaves to replace indigenous labor. He did so without knowing that the Portuguese were carrying out "brutal and unjust wars in the name of spreading the faith". Later in life, he retracted this position, as he regarded both forms of slavery as equally wrong.
1050:" (On the Only Way of Conversion) based on the missionary principles he had used in Guatemala. Motolinia would later be a fierce critic of Las Casas, accusing him of being all talk and no action when it came to converting the Indians. As a direct result of the debates between the Dominicans and Franciscans and spurred on by Las Casas's treatise,
964:, protesting again the mistreatment of the Indians and advocating a return to his original reform plan of 1516. In 1531, a complaint was sent by the encomenderos of Hispaniola that Las Casas was again accusing them of mortal sins from the pulpit. In 1533 he contributed to the establishment of a peace treaty between the Spanish and the rebel
708:, who were functionaries in complete charge of the royal policies regarding the Indies; both were encomenderos. They were not impressed by his account, and Las Casas had to find a different avenue of change. He put his faith in his coming audience with the king, but it never came, for King Ferdinand died on 25 January 1516.
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Las Casas that this method be tested without meddling from secular colonists, so he chose a territory in the heart of
Guatemala where there were no previous colonies and where the natives were considered fierce and war-like. Because the land had not been possible to conquer by military means, the governor of Guatemala,
1503:, where he lived with his assistant and friend Fray Rodrigo de Ladrada. He continued working as a kind of procurator for the natives of the Indies, many of whom directed petitions to him to speak to the emperor on their behalf. Sometimes indigenous nobility even related their cases to him in Spain, for example, the
1409:, summarised the arguments. Sepúlveda addressed Las Casas's arguments with twelve refutations, which were again countered by Las Casas. The judges then deliberated on the arguments presented for several months before coming to a verdict. The verdict was inconclusive, and both debaters claimed that they had won.
526:, in 1493. Las Casas recorded having seen "seven Indians" in the entourage of Christopher Columbus, being exhibited in the vicinity of the Iglesia de San Nicolás de Bari, along with "beautiful green parrots, vibrant in color" and Indigenous artifacts. Pedro de Las Casas, Bartolomé's merchant father, left in
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of annual revenue, increasing to 60,000 after ten years, and to erecting three
Christian towns of at least 40 settlers each. Some privileges were also granted to the initial 50 shareholders in Las Casas's scheme. The king also promised not to give any encomienda grants in Las Casas's area. That said,
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sermon and pondering its meaning. Las Casas was finally convinced that all the actions of the
Spanish in the New World had been illegal and that they constituted a great injustice. He made up his mind to give up his slaves and encomienda, and started to preach that other colonists should do the same.
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Arriving as one of the first
Spanish settlers in the Americas, Las Casas initially participated in the colonial economy built on forced indigenous labor, but eventually felt compelled to oppose the abuses committed by European colonists against the indigenous population. In 1515 he gave up his Native
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that Las Casas finally regretted his advocacy for
African slavery, and included a sincere apology, writing, "I soon repented and judged myself guilty of ignorance. I came to realize that black slavery was as unjust as Indian slavery... and I was not sure that my ignorance and good faith would secure
1615:
described suggestions for the social and political organization of Indian communities relative to colonial ones. Las Casas advocated the dismantlement of the city of Asunción and the subsequent gathering of
Indians into communities of about 1,000 Indians to be situated as satellites of Spanish towns
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Las Casas's first proposed remedy was a complete moratorium on the use of Indian labor in the Indies until such time as better regulations of it were set in place. This was meant simply to halt the decimation of the Indian population and to give the surviving Indians time to reconstitute themselves.
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The New Laws were finally repealed on 20 October 1545, and riots broke out against Las Casas, with shots being fired against him by angry colonists. After a year he had made himself so unpopular among the Spaniards of the area that he had to leave. Having been summoned to a meeting among the bishops
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attacked the settlement of Cumaná, burned it to the ground, and killed four of Las Casas's men. He returned to Hispaniola in January 1522, and heard the news of the massacre. The rumours even included him among the dead. To make matters worse, his detractors used the event as evidence of the need to
889:. In 1520 Las Casas's concession was finally granted, but it was a much smaller grant than he had initially proposed; he was also denied the possibilities of extracting gold and pearls, which made it difficult for him to find investors for the venture. Las Casas committed himself to producing 15,000
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Las Casas arrived in Spain with the plan of convincing the King to end the encomienda system. This was easier thought than done, as most of the people who were in positions of power were themselves either encomenderos or otherwise profiting from the influx of wealth from the Indies. In the winter of
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Las Casas spent 50 years of his life actively fighting slavery and the colonial abuse of indigenous peoples, especially by trying to convince the Spanish court to adopt a more humane policy of colonization. Although he did not completely succeed in changing Spanish views on colonization, his efforts
1965:
in the mid-20th century suggested that the decline in the first years of the conquest was indeed drastic, ranging between 80 and 90%, due to many different causes but all ultimately traceable to the arrival of the Europeans. The overwhelming cause was disease introduced by the Europeans. Historians
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Las Casas has also often been accused of exaggerating the atrocities he described in the Indies, some scholars holding that the initial population figures given by him were too high, which would make the population decline look worse than it actually was, and that epidemics of European disease were
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were widely read and published in Europe. As the influence of the Spanish Empire was displaced by that of other European powers, Las Casas's accounts were utilized as political tools to justify incursions into Spanish colonies. This historiographic phenomenon has been referred to by some historians
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to slave owners and encomenderos even on their death bed, unless all their slaves had been set free and their property returned to them. Las Casas furthermore threatened that anyone who mistreated Indians within his jurisdiction would be excommunicated. He also came into conflict with the Bishop of
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Las Casas returned to Guatemala in 1537 wanting to employ his new method of conversion based on two principles: 1) to preach the Gospel to all men and treat them as equals, and 2) to assert that conversion must be voluntary and based on knowledge and understanding of the faith. It was important for
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on 25 November 1517. Las Casas managed to secure the support of the king's Flemish courtiers, including the powerful Chancellor Jean de la Sauvage. Las Casas's influence turned the favor of the court against Secretary Conchillos and Bishop Fonseca. Sauvage spoke highly of Las Casas to the king, who
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records of a contemporary lawsuit that demonstrated he was born a decade later than had been supposed. Subsequent biographers and authors have generally accepted and reflected this revision. His father, Pedro de las Casas, a merchant, descended from one of the families that had migrated from France
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On advocating the importation of a slaves back in 1516, Las Casas wrote 'the cleric , many years later, regretted the advice he gave the king on this matter – he judged himself culpable through inadvertence – when he saw proven that the enslavement of blacks was every
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wrote a letter in which he described Las Casas as an ignorant, arrogant troublemaker. Benavente described indignantly how Las Casas had once denied baptism to an aging Indian who had walked many leagues to receive it, only on the grounds that he did not believe that the man had received sufficient
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Las Casas returned to Spain, leaving behind many conflicts and unresolved issues. Arriving in Spain he was met by a barrage of accusations, many of them based on his Confesionario and its 12 rules, which many of his opponents found to be in essence a denial of the legitimacy of Spanish rule of its
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is a three-volume work begun in 1527 while Las Casas was in the Convent of Puerto de Plata. It found its final form in 1561, when he was working in the Colegio de San Gregorio. Originally planned as a six-volume work, each volume describes a decade of the history of the Indies from the arrival of
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of the native peoples. He is said to have preached: "Tell me by what right of justice do you hold these Indians in such a cruel and horrible servitude? On what authority have you waged such detestable wars against these people who dealt quietly and peacefully on their own lands? Wars in which you
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had reported extensive violence already in the first decade of the colonization of the Americas, and throughout the conquest of the Americas, there were reports of abuse of the natives from friars and priests and ordinary citizens, and many massacres of indigenous people were reported in full by
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He wrote: "I have declared and demonstrated openly and concluded, from chapter 22 to the end of this whole book, that all people of these our Indies are human, so far as is possible by the natural and human way and without the light of faith – had their republics, places, towns, and cities most
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The text, written 1516, starts by describing its purpose: to present "The remedies that seem necessary in order that the evil and harm that exists in the Indies cease, and that God and our Lord the Prince may draw greater benefits than hitherto, and that the republic may be better preserved and
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abolishing the encomiendas and removing certain officials from the Council of the Indies. The New Laws made it illegal to use Indians as carriers, except where no other transport was available, it prohibited all taking of Indians as slaves, and it instated a gradual abolition of the encomienda
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When his preaching met with resistance, he realized that he would have to go to Spain to fight there against the enslavement and abuse of the native people. Aided by Pedro de Córdoba and accompanied by Antonio de Montesinos, he left for Spain in September 1515, arriving in Seville in November.
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But apart from the clerical business, Las Casas had also traveled to Spain for his own purpose: to continue the struggle against the colonists' mistreatment of the Indians. The encomienda had, in fact, legally been abolished in 1523, but it had been reinstituted in 1526, and in 1530 a general
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tribes; that the Indians were not at all uncivilized nor lacking social order; that peaceful mission was the only true way of converting the natives; and finally that some weak Indians suffering at the hands of stronger ones was preferable to all Indians suffering at the hands of Spaniards.
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civilizations – and more civilized than some European civilizations. It was in essence a comparative ethnography comparing practices and customs of European and American cultures and evaluating them according to whether they were good or bad, seen from a Christian viewpoint.
765:, Bernardino de Manzanedo, and Alonso de Santo Domingo, were selected as commissioners to take over the authority of the Indies. Las Casas had a considerable part in selecting them and writing the instructions under which their new government would be instated, largely based on Las Casas's
1338:, a manual for the administration of the sacrament of confession in his diocese, still refusing absolution to unrepentant encomenderos. Las Casas appointed a vicar for his diocese and set out for Europe in December 1546, arriving in Lisbon in April 1547 and in Spain on November 1547.
1173:, Las Casas argued that the only solution to the problem was to remove all Indians from the care of secular Spaniards, by abolishing the encomienda system and putting them instead directly under the Crown as royal tribute-paying subjects. On 20 November 1542, the emperor signed the
1982:, reported many gruesome atrocities committed against the Indians by the colonizers. All in all, modern historians tend to disregard the numerical figures given by Las Casas, but they maintain that his general picture of a violent and abusive conquest represented reality.
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Las Casas suggested a plan where the encomienda would be abolished and Indians would be congregated into self-governing townships to become tribute-paying vassals of the king. He still suggested that the loss of Indian labor for the colonists could be replaced by allowing
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1828:"History of the Indies" has never been fully translated into English. The only translations into English are the 1971 partial translation by Andrée M. Collard, and partial translations by Cynthia L. Chamberlin, Nigel Griffin, Michael Hammer and Blair Sullivan in UCLA's
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on 12 January 1546, he left his diocese, never to return. At the meeting, probably after lengthy reflection, and realizing that the New Laws were lost in Mexico, Las Casas presented a moderated view on the problems of confession and restitution of property, Archbishop
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and signed it over to the College of San Gregorio, stipulating that it could not be published until after forty years. In fact it was not published for 314 years, until 1875. He also had to repeatedly defend himself against accusations of treason: someone, possibly
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The impact of Las Casas's doctrine was also limited. In 1550, the king had ordered that the conquest should cease, because the Valladolid debate was to decide whether the war was just or not. The government's orders were hardly respected; conquistadors such as
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finding fifty men willing to invest 200 ducats each and three years of unpaid work proved impossible for Las Casas. He ended up leaving in November 1520 with just a small group of peasants, paying for the venture with money borrowed from his brother in-law.
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and his concern for the souls of the native peoples. The account was one of the first attempts by a Spanish writer of the colonial era to depict the unfair treatment that the indigenous people endured during the early stages of the Spanish conquest of the
700:. On Christmas Eve of 1515, Las Casas met the monarch and discussed the situation in the Indies with him; the king agreed to hear him out in more detail at a later date. While waiting, Las Casas produced a report that he presented to the Bishop of Burgos,
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peoples. He later wrote: "I saw here cruelty on a scale no living being has ever seen or expects to see." Las Casas and his friend Pedro de la Rentería were awarded a joint encomienda which was rich in gold and slaves, located on the Arimao River close to
414:, and conflicts with Spanish settlers because of his pro-Indian policies and activist religious stance. He served in the Spanish court for the remainder of his life; there he held great influence over Indies-related issues. In 1550, he participated in the
781:. In May 1517, Las Casas was forced to travel back to Spain to denounce to the regent the failure of the Hieronymite reforms. Only after Las Casas had left did the Hieronymites begin to congregate Indians into towns similar to what Las Casas had wanted.
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Lantigua, David. "7 – Faith, Liberty, and the Defense of the Poor: Bishop Las Casas in the History of Human Right", Hertzke, Allen D., and Timothy Samuel Shah, eds. Christianity and Freedom: Historical Perspectives. Cambridge University Press, 2016,
1042:. The two orders had very different approaches to the conversion of the Indians. The Franciscans used a method of mass conversion, sometimes baptizing many thousands of Indians in a day. This method was championed by prominent Franciscans such as
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5082:"Another face of empire. Bartolomé de Las Casas, indigenous rights, and ecclesiastical imperialism. By Daniel Castro. (Latin America Otherwise. Languages, Empires, Nations.) pp. xii+234. Durham–London: Duke University Press, 2007"
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In Spain, Las Casas started securing official support for the Guatemalan mission, and he managed to get a royal decree forbidding secular intrusion into the Verapaces for the following five years. He also informed the
1087:", "True Peace". Las Casas's strategy was to teach Christian songs to merchant Indian Christians who then ventured into the area. In this way he was successful in converting several native chiefs, among them those of
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Heath, Charles (July 2008). "Daniel Castro, Another Face of Imperialism: Bartolomé de Las Casas, Indigenous Rights, and Ecclesiastical Imperialism. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008. 234 pp. ISBN 978-082233939-7".
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Las Casas's legacy has been highly controversial. In the years following his death, his ideas became taboo in the Spanish realm, and he was seen as a nearly heretical extremist. The accounts written by his enemies
865:. Founded in 1515, there was already a small Franciscan monastery in Cumana, and a Dominican one at Chiribichi, but the monks there were being harassed by Spaniards operating slave raids from the nearby Island of
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One persistent point of criticism has been Las Casas's repeated suggestions of replacing Indian with African slave labor. Even though he regretted that position later in his life and included an apology in his
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have also noted that exaggeration and inflation of numbers was the norm in writing in 16th-century accounts, and both contemporary detractors and supporters of Las Casas were guilty of similar exaggerations.
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population of Hispaniola. In 1506, he returned to Spain and completed his studies of canon law at Salamanca. That same year, he was ordained a deacon and then traveled to Rome, where he was ordained a
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argued that the Indians were less than human, and required Spanish masters to become civilized. Las Casas maintained that they were fully human, and that forcefully subjugating them was unjustifiable.
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heritage, although others refer to them as ancient Christians who migrated from France. Following the testimony of Las Casas's biographer Antonio de Remesal, tradition has it that Las Casas studied a
482:' on 11 November 1484. For centuries, Las Casas's birthdate was believed to be 1474; however, in the 1970s, scholars conducting archival work demonstrated this to be an error, after uncovering in the
996:, he got into conflict with Rodrigo de Contreras, Governor of Nicaragua, when Las Casas vehemently opposed slaving expeditions by the Governor. In 1536, Las Casas followed a number of friars to
1099:. These congregated a group of Christian Indians in the location of what is now the town of Rabinal. In 1538 Las Casas was recalled from his mission by Bishop Marroquín who wanted him to go to
1071:, agreed to sign a contract promising that if the venture was successful he would not establish any new encomiendas in the area. Las Casas's group of friars established a Dominican presence in
1046:, known as "Motolinia", and Las Casas made many enemies among the Franciscans for arguing that conversions made without adequate understanding were invalid. Las Casas wrote a treatise called "
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and no longer a boy. He wrote a letter asking for permission to stay in Spain a little longer to argue for the emperor that conversion and colonization were best achieved by peaceful means.
745:, and at the time he assumed that the enslavement of Africans was justified. Worried by Las Casas' descriptions of the situation in the Indies, Cardinal Cisneros decided to send a group of
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ordinance against slavery was reversed by the Crown. For this reason it was a pressing matter for Bartolomé de las Casas to plead once again for the Indians with Charles V who was by now
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Having resigned the Bishopric of Chiapas, Las Casas spent the rest of his life working closely with the imperial court in matters relating to the Indies. In 1551 he rented a cell at the
1393:, which took place in 1550–51 with Sepúlveda and Las Casas each presenting their arguments in front of a council of jurists and theologians. First Sepúlveda read the conclusions of his
1275:, to whose jurisdiction the diocese had previously belonged. To Las Casas's dismay Bishop Marroquín openly defied the New Laws. While bishop, Las Casas was the principal consecrator of
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from tribute and all requirements of personal service. However, the reforms were so unpopular in the New World that riots broke out and threats were made against Las Casas's life. The
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1258:, as co-consecrators. As a bishop Las Casas was involved in frequent conflicts with the encomenderos and secular laity of his diocese: among the landowners there was the conquistador
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1588:, who had been falsely accused of heresy. In 1565, he wrote his last will, signing over his immense library to the college. Bartolomé de Las Casas died on 18 July 1566, in Madrid.
801:, was ill and had become tired of Las Casas's tenacity. Las Casas resolved to meet instead with the young king Charles I. Ximenez died on 8 November, and the young King arrived in
1910:
Opposition to Las Casas reached its climax in historiography with Spanish right-wing, nationalist historians in the late 19th and early 20th centuries constructing a pro-Spanish
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He was among the first to develop a view of unity among humankind in the New World, stating that "All people of the world are humans," and that they had a natural right to
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during the first half of the 1550s. Expanding the Spanish territory in the New World was allowed again in May 1556, and a decade later, Spain started its conquest of the
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likewise did not consider Las Casas to have had any substantial impact on the slave trade, which was well in place before he began writing. That view is contradicted by
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Diccionario geográfico-histórico de las Indias Occidentales ó América: es á saber: de los reynos del Perú, Nueva España, Tierra Firme, Chile, y Nuevo reyno de Granada
4164:
1532:, contained accounts of the abuses committed by some Spaniards against Native Americans during the early stages of colonization. In 1555 his old Franciscan adversary
905:. After several months of negotiations Las Casas set sail alone; the peasants he had brought had deserted, and he arrived in his colony already ravaged by Spaniards.
8097:
8017:
1930:
given to exaggeration, and as a traitor towards his own nation. Menéndez Pelayo also accused Las Casas of having been instrumental in suppressing the publication of
811:
7409:
1998:, called Las Casas a "wretch... stimulated by sordid avarice only," holding him responsible for the enslavement of thousands of Africans. Other historians, such as
1780:
because it is written as a defense of the cultural level of the Indians, arguing throughout that indigenous peoples of the Americas were just as civilized as the
1107:
to seek more Dominicans to assist in the mission. Las Casas left Guatemala for Mexico, where he stayed for more than a year before setting out for Spain in 1540.
8699:
916:
island who traded slaves for alcohol with the natives. Early in 1522, Las Casas left the settlement to complain to the authorities. While he was gone the native
5308:
5283:
335:
88:
9118:
1914:, arguing that the Spanish Empire was benevolent and just and denying any adverse consequences of Spanish colonialism. Spanish pro-imperial historians such as
7369:
1226:
of which he took possession in 1545 upon his return to the New World. He was consecrated in the Dominican Church of San Pablo on 30 March 1544. As Archbishop
7525:
7384:
1151:
When the hearings started in 1542, Las Casas presented a narrative of atrocities against the natives of the Indies that would later be published in 1552 as
326:; 11 November 1484 – 18 July 1566) was a Spanish clergyman, writer, and activist best known for his work as an historian and social reformer. He arrived in
8861:
8408:
5632:
4233:
1776:, but it also contains descriptions of many of the other indigenous cultures that Las Casas learned about through his travels and readings. The history is
8809:
8137:
7364:
2010:, who argued that Las Casas's 1516 Memorial was the direct cause of Charles V granting permission in 1518 to transport the first 4,000 African slaves to
1305:
957:
842:
5256:
Mirror of the Cruel and Horrible Spanish Tyranny Perpetrated in the Netherlands, by the Tyrant, the Duke of Alba, and Other Commanders of King Philip II
8767:
8276:
5723:
4092:
3871:. Together with a Preamble, to the Coloured Citizens of the World, but in Particular, & Very Expressly, to Those of the United States of America.
7982:
1627:
1524:
1153:
344:
1632:
8845:
8438:
4721:
Gunst, Laurie. "Bartolomé de las Casas and the Question of Negro Slavery in the Early Spanish Indies." PhD dissertation, Harvard University 1982.
1329:
8833:
8458:
8032:
5708:
5072:
7606:
1280:
7896:
1842:
De Las Casas copied Columbus' diary from his 1492 voyage to modern-day Bahamas. His copy is notable because Columbus' diary itself was lost.
1728:
956:, in which he reported much of what he had witnessed first hand in the conquest and colonization of New Spain. In 1531, he wrote a letter to
9133:
8443:
8433:
8212:
7611:
789:
238:
5041:
Las Casas as Bishop: A new interpretation based on his holograph petition in the Hans P. Kraus Collection of Hispanic American Manuscripts
4363:
Boruchoff, David A. (2008). "Another Face of Empire: Bartolomé de las Casas, Indigenous Rights, and Ecclesiastical Imperialism (review)".
7825:
5693:
5019:
1214:
The Church of the Dominican Convent of San Pablo in Valladolid where Bartolomé de Las Casas was consecrated as Bishop on March 30, 1544.
574:; appalled by the injustices they saw committed by the slave owners against the Indians, they decided to deny slave owners the right to
7962:
5501:
1332:
did not object. This resulted in a new resolution to be presented to viceroy Mendoza. His last act as Bishop of Chiapas was writing a
881:
and the new chancellor Gattinara. Las Casas's enemies slandered him to the king, accusing him of planning to escape with the money to
8956:
7414:
5349:
1891:
1756:, but Las Casas changed it into a volume of its own, recognizing that the material was not historical. The material contained in the
1255:
870:
9108:
8689:
8334:
8167:
8157:
8002:
7997:
7374:
2333:
1961:
the prime cause of the population decline, not violence and exploitation. Demographic studies such as those of colonial Mexico by
1235:
9203:
9193:
8469:
7957:
7591:
1321:
8983:
1584:, but nothing came from the case. Las Casas also appeared as a witness in the case of the Inquisition for his friend Archbishop
193:
9128:
9113:
8679:
8269:
8022:
5642:
2062:
1178:
system, with each encomienda reverting to the Crown at the death of its holders. It also exempted the few surviving Indians of
426:
did result in improvement of the legal status of the natives, and in an increased colonial focus on the ethics of colonialism.
8564:
8463:
8072:
8062:
8047:
7952:
7711:
5124:
4870:
4784:
4755:
4704:
4656:
4619:
4582:
4458:
4408:
4345:
4311:
4132:
3622:
2509:
2316:
1313:
2218:
8855:
8378:
8339:
8162:
1297:
7469:
6244:
6129:
2255:
Las Casas's retraction of his views on African slavery is expressed particularly in chapters 102 and 129, Book III of his
2021:
of scholarship has sought to deconstruct and reassess the role of Las Casas in Spanish colonialism. Daniel Castro, in his
1515:. His influence at court was so great that some even considered that he had the final word in choosing the members of the
8187:
8132:
7716:
7706:
7550:
6714:
6034:
5369:
A list of all the congregations, notable members, priories, churches, and convents of the Order of Preachers (Dominicans)
4973:
4075:
2334:"July 2015: Bartolomé de las Casas and 500 Years of Racial Injustice | Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective"
977:
7520:
7449:
429:
Following his death in 1566, Las Casas was widely venerated as a holy figure, resulting in the opening of his cause for
408:, but served only for a short time before he was forced to return to Spain because of resistance to the New Laws by the
9153:
9123:
8839:
8527:
8344:
8177:
8172:
8147:
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7359:
4570:
4529:
4483:
4479:
3498:
3471:
3159:
1660:
1448:
1166:
735:
and delivered to the regents a written account of the situation in the Indies and his proposed remedies. This was his "
8669:
7108:
6613:
6259:
4395:(1997). "Prophet and apostle: Bartolomé de las Casas and the spiritual conquest of America". In Cummins, J. S. (ed.).
4261:
78:
9198:
9173:
8262:
8207:
7255:
6709:
6059:
5834:
5713:
5441:
300:
6004:
3149:
9178:
8971:
8719:
8428:
8373:
8356:
8314:
8309:
8102:
7726:
7656:
7515:
7499:
7354:
5698:
1413:
5859:
5081:
798:
716:
393:
and participating in debates among colonial churchmen about how best to bring the natives to the Christian faith.
9183:
8993:
8539:
8077:
8007:
7870:
7830:
7721:
7484:
7479:
7349:
5718:
2053:
in honor of its first bishop. His work is a particular inspiration behind the work of the Las Casas Institute at
616:
7404:
4198:
3575:
908:
Las Casas worked there in adverse conditions for the following months, being constantly harassed by the Spanish
652:. During the next few years, he divided his time between being a colonist and his duties as an ordained priest.
8903:
8626:
8413:
8197:
8192:
8152:
7987:
7977:
7972:
7927:
7464:
6931:
5683:
5284:
Las Casas' Articulation of the Indians' Moral Agency: Looking Back at Las Casas Through Fichte – Rolando Pérez.
3587:
1979:
1938:) out of spite, but other historians find that to be unlikely since it was rejected by the theologians of both
1887:
1533:
1023:
595:, dispatched a complaint against the Dominicans to the King, and the Dominicans were recalled from Hispaniola.
450:
7701:
7434:
6552:
6249:
1915:
9223:
8966:
8734:
8182:
8012:
7815:
7795:
7494:
7489:
7344:
7219:
6911:
6486:
6460:
6149:
6024:
5728:
5678:
5637:
5342:
4000:"Review of Another Face of Empire: Bartolomé de Las Casas, Indigenous Rights, and Ecclesiastical Imperialism"
3945:"Review of Another Face of Empire: Bartolomé de Las Casas, Indigenous Rights, and Ecclesiastical Imperialism"
2078:
724:
367:
8783:
Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore
5301:
2116:
2050:
1063:, which stated that the Indians were rational beings and should be brought peacefully to the faith as such.
530:' second expedition. Upon his return, in 1499, Pedro de Las Casas brought to his son "a young Amerinidian."
9213:
9168:
9163:
8918:
8893:
8117:
8052:
7820:
7666:
7565:
7169:
6789:
6369:
5889:
5536:
2126:
1931:
1577:
1379:
1356:
578:. Las Casas was among those denied confession for this reason. In December 1511, a Dominican preacher Fray
514:
Las Casas's first encounter with Indigenous peoples happened before he even sailed to the Americas. In his
419:
774:
701:
9208:
9188:
8714:
8574:
8448:
8142:
8087:
8037:
7967:
7917:
7790:
7686:
7540:
7474:
7118:
6951:
6804:
5929:
5738:
5556:
5187:
Wynter, Sylvia (1984b). "New Seville and the Conversion Experience of Bartolomé de Las Casas: Part Two".
2830:
2070:
1995:
806:
appointed Las Casas and Sauvage to write a new plan for reforming the governmental system of the Indies.
1259:
9143:
9032:
9011:
8244:
8232:
8127:
8112:
7875:
7785:
7671:
7439:
6961:
6506:
6294:
6179:
6009:
5794:
5688:
5576:
4913:
Orique, David T. (2009). "Journey to the Headwaters: Bartolomé de Las Casas in a Comparative Context".
1715:
705:
31:
6114:
396:
Travelling back to Spain to recruit more missionaries, he continued lobbying for the abolition of the
8403:
8027:
7937:
7901:
7454:
6799:
6425:
5979:
5839:
5759:
5754:
4399:. An Expanding World: The European Impact on World History, 1450–1800 . Vol. 28. Aldershot, UK:
1919:
696:, but Las Casas was able to get a letter of introduction to the king from the Archbishop of Seville,
484:
17:
6089:
2033:
9218:
9017:
8744:
7880:
7855:
7691:
7616:
7601:
7535:
7394:
7184:
6699:
6354:
5939:
5819:
5733:
5673:
5668:
5335:
4900:(Project Gutenberg EBook no. 23466, reproduction ed.). Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark.
4888:
4675:
4428:"From Conquest to Constitutions: Retrieving a Latin American Tradition of the Idea of Human Rights"
2679:
1999:
1545:
between the two orders, was intended to bring Las Casas in disfavour. However, it did not succeed.
1537:
doctrinal instruction. This letter, which reinvoked the old conflict over the requirements for the
874:
770:
462:. The print was made by two Flemish artists who had fled the Southern Netherlands because of their
339:
114:
7419:
6274:
5854:
4971:
Parish, Helen Rand; Weidman, Harold E. (1976). "The Correct Birthdate of Bartolomé de las Casas".
2002:
writing in 1900, denied that Las Casas's suggestions affected the development of the slave trade.
1464:
8938:
8724:
8122:
7992:
7942:
7922:
7845:
7775:
7676:
7641:
7444:
7032:
6739:
6304:
6139:
6039:
5779:
5647:
5471:
5207:
2502:
Bartolomé de las Casas and the defense of Amerindian rights : a brief history with documents
1500:
1096:
1083:. Through the efforts of Las Casas's missionaries the so-called "Land of War" came to be called "
620:
7646:
6084:
3674:
1684:, which abolished native slavery for the first time in European colonial history and led to the
1667:. One of the stated purposes for writing the account was Las Casas's fear of Spain coming under
1495:
The façade of the Colegio de San Gregorio in Valladolid, where Las Casas spent his final decades
1325:
1251:
8923:
8874:
Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (GRATK)
8522:
8453:
8319:
8254:
7379:
7260:
7194:
6906:
6891:
6774:
6704:
6689:
6588:
6074:
6014:
5909:
5874:
5451:
3183:
1561:
1371:. The Crown had for example received a fifth of the large number of slaves taken in the recent
1038:, to participate in a series of discussions and debates among the bishops of the Dominican and
949:
689:
681:
140:
7399:
6450:
6314:
4862:
4856:
4611:
4605:
4574:
4564:
3488:
1352:
1317:
1272:
1013:
9148:
8928:
8549:
8351:
8092:
8082:
7865:
7429:
7424:
7270:
7189:
7128:
6901:
6628:
6374:
6324:
5994:
5934:
5814:
5586:
5506:
5031:
4776:
4770:
4648:
4642:
2134:
1970:
1516:
1276:
1239:
1170:
1009:
827:
579:
575:
6694:
6527:
6164:
6094:
5401:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3670:
1585:
1467:, who learned the native languages to discover more about their cultures and civilizations.
1210:
9103:
9098:
8898:
8609:
8498:
8361:
8107:
7651:
7305:
7285:
7083:
7057:
6976:
6844:
6824:
6734:
6547:
6394:
6384:
6279:
6054:
5954:
5919:
5849:
5824:
5616:
5571:
5546:
5541:
5461:
5153:
The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law and Church Law 1150–1625
5108:
4493:
4124:
4118:
2148:
1991:
1955:
1896:
1853:
1817:
1692:
1508:
1451:
also encouraged nonviolent policies concerning the religious conversions of the Indians in
1133:
1043:
1016:, before traveling into the interior region called Tuzulutlan, "The Land of War", in 1537.
527:
519:
6759:
6440:
5174:(1984a). "New Seville and the Conversion Experience of Bartolomé de Las Casas: Part One".
1939:
1293:
837:
538:
356:. He described the atrocities committed by the colonizers against the indigenous peoples.
8:
8604:
8503:
8324:
7810:
7681:
7224:
7113:
6379:
6299:
6234:
6144:
6099:
5999:
5611:
5270:
5259:
4676:"The Forgotten Crucible: The Latin American Influence on the Universal Human Rights Idea"
2308:
2058:
2054:
1704:
1581:
1549:
1398:
1125:
1068:
945:
463:
353:
6420:
6209:
5894:
5769:
2119:, the Centro Fray Bartolomé de las Casas de Derechos Humanos, was established by Bishop
1974:
1227:
1158:
857:, Las Casas petitioned a land grant to be allowed to establish a settlement in northern
854:
603:
571:
9058:
8988:
8978:
8579:
8544:
8488:
8329:
8237:
7860:
7800:
7636:
7596:
7570:
7265:
7174:
7138:
6936:
6916:
6865:
6839:
6754:
6633:
6593:
6445:
6399:
6359:
6284:
6184:
6044:
5879:
5844:
5799:
5591:
5476:
5161:
5066:
4998:
4959:
4930:
4832:
4819:
4450:
4400:
4380:
4055:
4019:
3980:
3972:
3698:
3558:
3179:
2550:
2182:
2141:
2108:
2105:
1664:
1529:
1436:
1301:
1145:
1084:
993:
53:
7560:
1691:
The book became an important element in the creation and propagation of the so-called
1088:
373:
In 1522, Las Casas tried to launch a new kind of peaceful colonialism on the coast of
8814:
8423:
8286:
8067:
8042:
7947:
7780:
7661:
7631:
7586:
7017:
6956:
6814:
6784:
6724:
6501:
6289:
6224:
6214:
6174:
6159:
6154:
6109:
6019:
5964:
5869:
5809:
5784:
5521:
5456:
5219:
5130:
5120:
5006:
4990:
4951:
4934:
4901:
4892:
4876:
4866:
4852:
4790:
4780:
4766:
4751:
4710:
4700:
4662:
4652:
4638:
4625:
4615:
4601:
4588:
4578:
4556:
4543:
4535:
4525:
4509:
4489:
4475:
4454:
4414:
4404:
4384:
4351:
4341:
4317:
4307:
4290:
4282:
4138:
4128:
4059:
4011:
3984:
3964:
3618:
3494:
3467:
3155:
2505:
2398:
2394:
2361:
Slavery in the Early Spanish Indies". Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University 1982.
2312:
2066:
1962:
1867:
Fray Bartolomé de las Casas depicted as Savior of the Indians in a later painting by
1685:
1668:
1565:
1472:
1443:. Las Casas's criticism of the encomienda system contributed to its replacement with
1390:
1360:
1347:
981:
940:
in 1523. There he continued his theological studies, being particularly attracted to
415:
8659:
7731:
7027:
5511:
5318:
1412:
Sepúlveda's arguments contributed to the policy of "war by fire and blood" that the
410:
9046:
8943:
8913:
8908:
8867:
8789:
8616:
8304:
8057:
7840:
7805:
7555:
7295:
7250:
7199:
7093:
7012:
6971:
6860:
6764:
6679:
6623:
6618:
6598:
6578:
6491:
6364:
6349:
6269:
6239:
6199:
6119:
6064:
6049:
5989:
5904:
5864:
5606:
5561:
5531:
5526:
5516:
5491:
5466:
5446:
5431:
5421:
5228:
5096:
4982:
4922:
4811:
4517:
4442:
4372:
4047:
3956:
2390:
1745:
1681:
1673:
1648:
1491:
1309:
1092:
1039:
1005:
929:
Devastated, Las Casas reacted by entering the Dominican monastery of Santa Cruz in
784:
762:
712:
314:
263:
257:
166:
67:
7626:
5804:
4858:
Bartolomé de las Casas in History: Toward an Understanding of the Man and his Work
4772:
Bartolomé de las Casas in History: Toward an Understanding of the Man and his Work
4644:
Bartolomé de las Casas in History: Toward an Understanding of the Man and his Work
4607:
Bartolomé de las Casas in History: Toward an Understanding of the Man and his Work
4566:
Bartolomé de las Casas in History: Toward an Understanding of the Man and his Work
533:
Three years later, in 1502, Las Casas immigrated with his father to the island of
8851:
8290:
7545:
7280:
7275:
7245:
7240:
7214:
7133:
7088:
7078:
7047:
7042:
7037:
6941:
6896:
6870:
6769:
6749:
6744:
6719:
6674:
6608:
6603:
6583:
6573:
6532:
6496:
6476:
6344:
6264:
6189:
6169:
6134:
6124:
6079:
6069:
6029:
5899:
5829:
5774:
5596:
5581:
5496:
5486:
5436:
5426:
5416:
5358:
5292:
4861:. Collection spéciale: CER. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press. pp.
4775:. Collection spéciale: CER. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press. pp.
4647:. Collection spéciale: CER. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press. pp.
4610:. Collection spéciale: CER. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press. pp.
4329:
4265:
4079:
3868:
2618:. Edited and translated by George Sanderlin (Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1993), 66–67
2500:
de las Casas, Bartolomé (2020). A. Clayton, Lawrence; M. Lantigua, David (eds.).
2196:
2082:
1711:
1700:
1557:
1406:
1263:
1231:
1162:
961:
934:
563:
467:
434:
382:
378:
331:
251:
216:
4802:
Keen, Benjamin (1969). "The Black Legend Revisited: Assumptions and Realities".
2381:
Clayton, Lawrence (2009). "Bartolomé de las Casas and the African Slave Trade".
8961:
8933:
8774:
8621:
8589:
8554:
8515:
7932:
7850:
7621:
7204:
7148:
6996:
6991:
6926:
6834:
6829:
6809:
6729:
6684:
6653:
6643:
6568:
6455:
6389:
6319:
6194:
6104:
5984:
5974:
5924:
5789:
5764:
5406:
5396:
5215:
5113:
Peoples of the Caribbean: An Encyclopedia of Archeology and Traditional Culture
4521:
4513:
1922:, and J. Pérez de Barrada depicted Las Casas as a madman, describing him as a "
1785:
1548:
One matter in which he invested much effort was the political situation of the
1528:. This book, written a decade earlier and sent to the attention of then-prince
1417:
1243:
902:
878:
846:
720:
656:
592:
556:
471:
183:
43:
5100:
4072:
4051:
3631:
9092:
9082:
8584:
8368:
7290:
7209:
7123:
7103:
7098:
6921:
6794:
6779:
6435:
5959:
5949:
5914:
5566:
5551:
5481:
5171:
4994:
4955:
4880:
4794:
4666:
4629:
4592:
4560:
4547:
4497:
4392:
4321:
4304:
Bartolomé de las Casas and Thomas More's Utopia: Connections and Similarities
4015:
3968:
2402:
2168:
2090:
2007:
2003:
1900:
1789:
1504:
1230:
strongly disliked Las Casas, the ceremony was officiated by Loaysa's nephew,
1059:
1051:
930:
917:
909:
697:
567:
551:. He participated in slave raids and military expeditions against the native
7052:
6819:
5275:
5264:
5134:
4748:
Bartolomé de Las Casas (1474–1566) in the pages of Father Antonio de Remesal
4714:
4418:
4355:
4142:
1512:
1372:
9070:
8398:
7736:
7459:
7300:
7143:
7062:
7022:
6981:
6638:
6334:
6254:
6204:
5944:
5411:
5010:
4905:
4294:
4258:
3727:
2210:
2086:
2045:
In 1848, Ciudad de San Cristóbal, then the capital of the Mexican state of
1911:
1798:
1781:
1773:
1556:
and the viceroy became an open civil war in which the conquistadors led by
1553:
1440:
1425:
1001:
644:
430:
386:
8594:
4691:
Guitar, Lynne (1997). "Encomienda System". In Rodriguez, Junius P. (ed.).
4446:
4334:
The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492–1800
3960:
1435:
Las Casas's ideas had a more lasting impact on the decisions of the king,
992:
due to adverse weather. Lingering for a while in the Dominican convent of
8493:
7696:
7179:
7153:
6966:
6946:
6875:
6658:
6542:
6481:
6430:
6404:
6339:
6329:
5969:
4725:
4337:
2120:
1904:
1874:
1868:
1820:
in 1492 to 1520, and most of it is an eye-witness account. It was in the
1761:
1480:
1421:
1288:
1187:
898:
758:
746:
639:. He witnessed many atrocities committed by Spaniards against the native
5144:
Indian Freedom: The Cause of Bartolomé de las Casas, 1474–1566, A Reader
4963:
4943:
4023:
3999:
3976:
3944:
3493:(in Spanish). Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial España. p. 192.
3466:. Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company. pp. 208–210.
2554:
2538:
632:
8948:
8631:
6986:
6648:
6537:
6511:
6309:
6219:
5601:
5277:
Narratio Regionum Indicarum per Hispanos Quosdam Deuastatarum Verissima
5020:"Bartolomé de las Casas and Truth: Toward a Spirituality of Solidarity"
5002:
4944:"Bartolomé de Las Casas (1474–1566): A "Brevísima" Biographical Sketch"
4926:
4823:
4376:
2112:
1990:, some later criticism held him responsible for the institution of the
1677:
1460:
1444:
1267:
1218:
Before Las Casas returned to Spain, he was also appointed as Bishop of
1179:
1055:
1004:
Indians. They stayed in the convent founded some years earlier by Fray
969:
802:
778:
649:
588:
534:
362:
327:
226:
1978:
those who perpetrated them. Even some of Las Casas's enemies, such as
830:
in Venezuela, close to the original location of Las Casas's colony at
8599:
8569:
8510:
5327:
1943:
1927:
1696:
1538:
1452:
1428:, his success was short-lived, and his works were never published in
1378:
As a part of Las Casas's defense by offense, he had to argue against
1199:
1129:
1076:
997:
989:
858:
693:
664:
508:
390:
381:
and became a friar, leaving public life for a decade. He traveled to
374:
5248:
4986:
4815:
1863:
1560:
rebelled against the New Laws and defeated and executed the viceroy
862:
831:
676:
9053:
8559:
5237:
5233:
5116:
4696:
2190:
1923:
1777:
1619:
1174:
1136:, of the mass baptism practiced by the Franciscans, resulting in a
742:
728:
583:
543:
499:
401:
229:
owner, priest, missionary, bishop, writer, polemicist,abolitionist.
7531:
Dominican Church and Convent of the Assumption of Mary, Tarnobrzeg
7390:
Dominican Church and Convent of the Assumption of Mary, Tarnobrzeg
5255:
4730:
Bartolomé de Las Casas: An interpretation of his life and writings
4539:
3660:
1765:
1080:
1030:
Also in 1536, before venturing into Tuzulutlan, Las Casas went to
965:
608:
552:
30:"Las Casas" and "de las Casas" redirect here. For other uses, see
8532:
8419:
Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin
7327:
4157:"Ouverture de la cause de béatification de Bartolomé de La Casas"
2101:
2097:
2074:
2046:
2038:
2011:
1769:
1656:
1542:
1368:
1223:
1219:
1195:
1191:
1072:
941:
913:
866:
640:
523:
490:
479:
405:
162:
8284:
1463:
to come to the Americas to study the indigenous people, such as
1389:
To settle the issues, a formal debate was organized, the famous
1115:
785:
Las Casas and Emperor Charles V: The peasant colonization scheme
8710:
Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic
2504:. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press. pp. 34–35.
1137:
1100:
1035:
1031:
1000:, where they began to prepare to undertake a mission among the
985:
822:
732:
660:
636:
628:
197:
179:
8203:
Superior Institute of Religious Sciences of St. Thomas Aquinas
3690:
3514:
1879:
Fray Bartolomé de las Casas, convertiendo a una familia azteca
1382:. Sepúlveda was a doctor of theology and law who, in his book
727:. Las Casas was resolved to see Prince Charles who resided in
547:
and slave owner, receiving a piece of land in the province of
6229:
2137:
in Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico is named after Las Casas.
1476:
1429:
1104:
937:
890:
882:
582:
preached a fiery sermon that implicated the colonists in the
548:
454:
Depiction of Spanish atrocities committed in the conquest of
283:
269:
4894:
Bartholomew de Las Casas: His Life, Apostolate, and Writings
4221:
Mexico at the Crossroads: Politics, the Church, and the Poor
3869:"David Walker, 1785–1830. Walker's Appeal, in Four Articles"
3697:
Las Casas, Bartolomé (1875). Sancho Rayón, José León (ed.).
1019:
797:
When he arrived in Spain, his former protector, regent, and
8846:
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
5704:
Dominican Sisters of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin
5653:
Dominicans of the Monastery of the Heart of Jesus, Lockport
4739:
Bartolomé de Las Casas: Bookman, Scholar & Propagandist
4557:"Historical reality and the detractors of Father Las Casas"
3464:
The Spanish Inquisition, 1478–1614, An Anthology of Sources
2831:"Figueroa, fray Luis de (¿–1523). » MCNBiografias.com"
2357:
Gunst, Laurie. "Bartolomé de las Casas and the Question of
1456:
1183:
973:
886:
624:
455:
289:
2459:
2457:
1835:
1714:
in copper plate engravings that served as a medium of the
1095:, and in building several churches in the territory named
948:
on the north coast of Hispaniola, subsequently serving as
944:
philosophy. He oversaw the construction of a monastery in
445:
8098:
Saint John Paul the Great Catholic High School (Virginia)
8018:
Immaculate Conception Academy (San Francisco, California)
5155:. Scholar's Press for Emory University. pp. 272–274.
4206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
2057:, Oxford. He is also often cited as a predecessor of the
1750:
Apologética historia summaria de las gentes destas Indias
1710:
The images described by Las Casas were later depicted by
737:
4847:(New York: Columbia University Press, 1946, 1954, 1961).
1764:
accounts of the indigenous cultures of the Indies – the
1742:
Apologetic Summary History of the People of These Indies
2454:
1596:
1308:
agreed completely with his new moderate stance, Bishop
598:
7410:
Nuestra Señora del Rosario y Santo Domingo, Montevideo
3490:
Bartolomé de las Casas (Colección Españoles Eminentes)
3198:
2151:, in the United States has also been named after him.
2089:
in 1976. In 2002 the church began the process for his
933:
as a novice in 1522 and finally taking holy vows as a
769:. Las Casas himself was granted the official title of
655:
In 1514, Las Casas was studying a passage in the book
9159:
People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar
9030:
7526:
Dominican Church and Convent of St. James, Sandomierz
7385:
Dominican Church and Convent of St. James, Sandomierz
4845:
Introduction to Contemporary Civilization in the West
511:, but Las Casas does not say so in his own writings.
400:, gaining an important victory by the passage of the
352:, chronicle the first decades of colonization of the
301:
292:
286:
280:
272:
9139:
16th-century people from the Colony of Santo Domingo
8409:
Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador
5638:
Dominican Nuns of the Holy Cross Convent, Regensburg
5633:
Congregation of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament
5056:
4639:"Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas: A Biographical Sketch"
4268:, Lascassas School website, accessed April 19, 2008.
4066:
3861:
3173:
3171:
2158:
793:
Contemporary portrait of the young Emperor Charles V
266:
8834:
Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO C169)
7370:
Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Košice
5059:
Bartolomé de las Casas: Liberation of the Oppressed
4602:"Las Casas and Indigenism in the Sixteenth Century"
2664:
Indian Freedom: The Cause of Bartolome de las Casas
1946:, who were unlikely to be influenced by Las Casas.
1721:
611:
village from Las Casas's times in contemporary Cuba
277:
5724:Dominican Sisters of Mary, Mother of the Eucharist
5648:Dominicans of the Monastery of the Angels, Karachi
5379:
5047:
4837:. Columbia University Sources of Medieval History.
4767:"Introduction: Approaches to Las Casas, 1535–1970"
1653:Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias
1638:Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias
1384:Democrates Alter, sive de justis causis apud Indos
972:. In 1534, Las Casas made an attempt to travel to
749:monks to take over the government of the islands.
615:In 1513, as a chaplain, Las Casas participated in
460:Brevisima relación de la destrucción de las Indias
8862:UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (UNDROP)
5050:Las Casas en Mexico: Historia y obra desconocidas
4741:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
4636:
3449:
3346:
3344:
3245:
3233:
3209:
3168:
3135:
3111:
3099:
3015:
2943:
2651:
2567:
2475:
924:
497:. According to one biographer, his family was of
342:". His extensive writings, the most famous being
9090:
8138:St Dominic's Catholic School for Girls, Boksburg
4289:(in Spanish). Vol. 1. Madrid: Benito Cano.
3764:
3762:
3576:"The Las Casas-Sepúlveda Controversy: 1550-1551"
3560:A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies
2270:A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies
1645:A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
1628:A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
1621:A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
1525:A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
1447:. His testimonies on the peaceful nature of the
1154:A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
952:of the convent. In 1527 he began working on his
853:Following a suggestion by his friend and mentor
345:A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
8768:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
8439:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
5280:From the Collections at the Library of Congress
5163:The Life and Writings of Bartolomé de Las Casas
5160:Wagner, Henry Raup; Parish, Helen Rand (1967).
5057:Rand-Parish, Helen; Gutiérrez, Gustavo (1984).
5052:. Ciudad de Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
5048:Rand-Parish, Helen; Weidman, Harold E. (1980).
1752:) was first written as the 68th chapter of the
841:The Natives of Cumaná attack the mission after
671:
377:, but this venture failed. He then entered the
8459:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
8208:Trinity Catholic College, Dunedin, New Zealand
8033:Mount de Sales Academy (Catonsville, Maryland)
5709:Dominican Sisters of the Immaculate Conception
3615:Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
3341:
3180:"Bishop Bartolomé de las Casas (Casaus), O.P."
1825:me in the eyes of God." (Vol II, p. 257)
1655:) is an account written in 1542 (published in
334:friar. He was appointed as the first resident
9119:16th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Mexico
8270:
7897:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
7328:Dominican Churches, Convents, and Monasteries
5343:
4970:
4853:"Controversy between Sepúlveda and Las Casas"
3759:
3480:
2431:
2419:
2291:
1907:and colonialism in the worst possible light.
1734:Disputa o controversia con Ginés de Sepúlveda
8444:National Indigenous Organization of Colombia
8434:Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism
8213:Trinity High School (River Forest, Illinois)
7612:Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques
5266:Bartolomé de las Casas Statement of Opinion,
5159:
4693:The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery
4259:A Glimpse at the History of Lascassas School
4123:(1st ed.). HarperSanFrancisco. p.
3844:
3728:These Truths: A History of the United States
3642:
3556:
3437:
3425:
3413:
3401:
3389:
3377:
3317:
3305:
3293:
3269:
3257:
3123:
3087:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3039:
3027:
3003:
2991:
2979:
2967:
2955:
2931:
2919:
2907:
2895:
2883:
2871:
2859:
2847:
2806:
2743:
2731:
2719:
2695:
2627:
2603:
2579:
2524:
2499:
2487:
2463:
2268:Also translated and published in English as
7826:Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology
7607:Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Honoré
5694:Dominican Sisters of St. Catherine of Siena
5038:
4234:"Bills and Currency in Current Circulation"
3875:. Boston, Massachusetts. 28 September 1829.
3154:. Cambridge University Press. p. 291.
2130:Residencial Las Casas in Santurce, San Juan
1266:issued on 20 March 1545, Las Casas refused
752:
8277:
8263:
7963:Dominican Convent Primary School, Bulawayo
5350:
5336:
5208:Biblioteca de autor Bartolomé de las Casas
5071:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4855:. In Friede, Juan; Keen, Benjamin (eds.).
4843:(Madrid, 1909), originally translated for
4769:. In Friede, Juan; Keen, Benjamin (eds.).
4641:. In Friede, Juan; Keen, Benjamin (eds.).
4604:. In Friede, Juan; Keen, Benjamin (eds.).
2673:
2616:Witness: Writing of Bartolome de Las Casas
2536:
2085:, the Dominicans introduced his cause for
1663:in colonial times and sent to then-Prince
1157:. Before a council consisting of Cardinal
237:
66:
8700:National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
7415:Our Lady of Pompei Church, Victoria, Gozo
4830:
4362:
4328:
3920:
3696:
3612:
3486:
2782:
2609:
1424:, while Sepúlveda became the hero of the
1140:condemning the practice as sacrilegious.
921:pacify the Indians using military means.
8690:National Institute of Indigenous Peoples
8003:Fenwick High School (Oak Park, Illinois)
7998:Edgewood High School of the Sacred Heart
7365:Church of St Catherine, Saint Petersburg
5225:Works by or about Bartolomé de las Casas
5146:. Kansas City, Missouri: Sheed and Ward.
5141:
5107:
4301:
4223:. Maryknoll NY: Orbis Books 1995, p. 72.
4110:
3942:
3544:
3533:
3521:
2755:
2707:
2667:
2657:
2448:
2125:
2032:
1873:
1862:
1804:
1727:
1631:
1490:
1486:
1351:
1341:
1209:
1114:
1018:
849:, published in the "Relación brevissima"
845:'s slaving raid. Colored copperplate by
836:
821:
788:
675:
602:
449:
27:Spanish clergyman and writer (1484–1566)
8810:UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
7958:Dominican Convent High School, Bulawayo
7758:
7375:Church of St. Vincent Ferrer, Manhattan
5186:
5170:
5150:
5142:Sullivan, Patrick Francis, ed. (1995).
4887:
4804:The Hispanic American Historical Review
4695:. Vol. 1, A–K. Santa Barbara, CA:
4673:
4488:
4425:
4391:
4252:
4191:
4185:
4116:
3997:
3897:
3221:
3147:
2818:
2771:
2767:
2639:
2408:bit as unjust as that of the Indians...
2380:
2331:
2243:
1845:
1837:Archiving Christopher Columbus' Journal
1659:in 1552) about the mistreatment of the
446:Background and arrival in the New World
14:
9091:
8680:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
8023:Marian Catholic High School (Illinois)
5643:Dominican Nuns of the Perpetual Rosary
5357:
5250:Bartolomé de Las Casas Study Resources
5079:
5043:. Washington, DC: Library of Congress.
5017:
4941:
4912:
4850:
4690:
4599:
4468:
4281:
4240:from the original on 23 September 2013
3931:
3909:
3713:
3281:
2794:
2591:
2037:Monument to Bartolomé de las Casas in
338:, and the first officially appointed "
8565:Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples
8464:Zapatista Army of National Liberation
8258:
8193:St Rose's Senior High School, Akwatia
8168:St Dominic's Priory College, Adelaide
8158:St Dominic's Grammar School for Girls
8073:Sacred Heart High School (California)
7953:Dominican Convent High School, Harare
7757:
7326:
5502:Francisco Martín Fernández de Posadas
5378:
5331:
5089:The Journal of Ecclesiastical History
4736:
4724:
4554:
4036:
3856:
3832:
3808:
3796:
3784:
3768:
3654:
3573:
3461:
817:
723:who were guardians for the under-age
313:
8048:Queen of Peace High School, Illinois
7983:Dominican High School, Whitefish Bay
7592:Black Friars' Monastery of Stockholm
5269:(1542.) From the Collections at the
4801:
4764:
4569:. Collection spéciale: CER. DeKalb:
4397:Christianity and Missions, 1450–1800
3885:
3820:
3753:
3741:
3600:
2302:
1703:of 1646. The book was banned by the
1598:Memorial de Remedios para las Indias
1316:had minor reservations, and Bishops
1205:
738:Memorial de Remedios para Las Indias
599:Conquest of Cuba and change of heart
404:in 1542. He was appointed Bishop of
9134:Dominican missionaries in New Spain
7672:Priory of the Immaculate Conception
6715:Infanta Branca, Lady of Guadalajara
5313:19 Dec 1543 – 11 Sep 1550 Resigned
4974:Hispanic American Historical Review
4745:
4502:Las Casas, Bartolomé de (1474–1566)
4336:(1st Verso pbk ed.). London:
1934:'s "Democrates Alter" (also called
1552:. In Peru, power struggles between
1026:, Las Casas's Franciscan adversary.
493:; his family also spelled the name
478:Bartolomé de las Casas was born in
385:, acting as a missionary among the
24:
8840:Convention on Biological Diversity
7836:Dominican University of California
7712:St. Catherine's Monastery, Tallinn
4841:Apologética historia de las Indias
4637:Giménez Fernández, Manuel (1971).
4571:Northern Illinois University Press
4506:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
3724:
3703:. Vol. 1. Madrid: M. Ginesta.
3617:. Nigel Griffin. London: Penguin.
3177:
2219:Fountain to Bartolomé de las Casas
2115:human rights institute located in
2028:
1994:. One detractor, the abolitionist
1661:indigenous peoples of the Americas
627:. He participated in campaigns at
25:
9235:
8868:High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Agreement)
8163:St Dominic's Priory School, Stone
7470:Santissima Trinità a Via Condotti
7360:Blessed Sacrament Church, Seattle
7256:Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero
6130:Bartolomé Martinez Menacho y Mesa
5714:Dominican Sisters of Grand Rapids
5442:Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero
5201:
5166:. University of New Mexico Press.
4199:"CDH Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas"
2539:"Las Casas and the Birth of Race"
2537:Von Vacano, Diego (Autumn 2012).
731:, but on his way there he passed
440:
9076:
9064:
9052:
9040:
9007:
9006:
8720:Government of the Sakha Republic
8429:Indigenous Environmental Network
8310:Free, prior and informed consent
8243:
8231:
8133:St Catherine's School, Germiston
7727:St. Catherine Monastery, Olomouc
7717:St. Catherine's Priory, Roskilde
7707:St Catherine's Monastery, Bremen
7657:Notre-Dame-de-Prouille Monastery
7551:St. Catherine's Priory, Roskilde
7516:Convent of San Domenico, Fiesole
7450:Santa Maria della Pietà, Palermo
7355:Basilica of St Dominic, Valletta
5699:Dominican Sisters of St. Cecilia
5241:
4834:Apologetic History of the Indies
4831:Las Casas, Bartolomé de (1997).
4226:
4213:
4179:
4163:. 3 October 2002. Archived from
4149:
4085:
4030:
4004:The International History Review
3991:
3936:
3925:
3914:
3903:
3891:
3879:
3850:
3838:
3826:
3814:
3802:
3790:
3778:
3747:
3735:
3718:
3707:
3648:
3613:Las Casas, Bartolomé de (1999).
3563:. Project Gutenberg. p. 23.
3557:de las Casas, Bartolomé (2007).
2395:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2009.00639.x
2203:
2189:
2175:
2161:
1723:Apologetic History of the Indies
1414:Third Mexican Provincial Council
1024:Toribio de Benavente "Motolinia"
262:
139:by Bishop Diego de Loaysa,
9109:16th-century Spanish historians
8994:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
8856:Fair Access and Benefit-Sharing
8540:Dakota Access Pipeline protests
8188:St Mary's Dominican High School
8173:St Dominic's Sixth Form College
8148:St Dominic's College, Henderson
8103:Saint Michael Academy, Catarman
8078:San Gabriel Mission High School
8008:Flintridge Sacred Heart Academy
7350:Basilica of Santa Maria Novella
7109:Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado
6614:Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado
5719:Dominican Sisters of San Rafael
5234:Works by Bartolomé de las Casas
5216:Works by Bartolomé de las Casas
3669:, 1875–76 ed., Madrid: Ginesta
3606:
3594:
3567:
3550:
3538:
3527:
3455:
3443:
3431:
3419:
3407:
3395:
3383:
3371:
3362:
3353:
3332:
3323:
3311:
3299:
3287:
3275:
3263:
3251:
3239:
3227:
3215:
3141:
3129:
3117:
3105:
3093:
3081:
3069:
3057:
3045:
3033:
3021:
3009:
2997:
2985:
2973:
2961:
2949:
2937:
2925:
2913:
2901:
2889:
2877:
2865:
2853:
2841:
2823:
2812:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2761:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2713:
2701:
2689:
2645:
2633:
2621:
2597:
2585:
2573:
2561:
2530:
2518:
2493:
2481:
2469:
2272:, among several other variants.
2262:
2249:
2236:
1459:. It also helped convince more
1416:implemented in 1585 during the
1110:
976:to observe the first stages of
315:[baɾtoloˈmeðelasˈkasas]
9204:University of Salamanca alumni
9194:Spanish human rights activists
8904:2009 Peruvian political crisis
8414:Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
7988:Dominican International School
7978:Dominican College, Portstewart
7973:Dominican College, Fortwilliam
7831:Dominican University, Illinois
7465:Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice
6932:Marie-Alphonsine Danil Ghattas
6005:Felipe Galindo Chávez y Pineda
5684:Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne
5380:Members of the Dominican Order
4915:The Catholic Historical Review
4732:. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
3588:San Francisco State University
2441:
2425:
2413:
2374:
2364:
2351:
2325:
2296:
2285:
1980:Toribio de Benavente Motolinia
1736:(1552), Bartolomé de las Casas
1640:(1552), Bartolomé de las Casas
1534:Toribio de Benavente Motolinia
1367:colonies, and hence a form of
1359:, Las Casas's opponent in the
984:. His party made it as far as
925:Las Casas as a Dominican friar
877:. Las Casas's supporters were
562:In September 1510, a group of
194:Basilica of Our Lady of Atocha
13:
1:
9129:Abolitionism in South America
9114:16th-century Mesoamericanists
8735:Council of Indigenous Peoples
8198:St Vincent Ferrer High School
8178:St John's High School, Harare
8013:Frassati Catholic High School
7928:Aquinas High School, New York
7816:Colegio de San Juan de Letran
7796:Aquinas Institute of Theology
7500:St. Hyacinth's Church, Warsaw
7345:Basilica of San Sisto Vecchio
6912:Francis Ferdinand de Capillas
6487:Francis Ferdinand de Capillas
6150:Paolo Isaresi della Mirandola
5860:Francisco de la Cámara y Raya
5729:Dominican Sisters of Sparkill
5679:Dominican Sisters of Blauvelt
4274:
4175:– via www.la-croix.com.
3998:Clayton, Lawrence A. (2008).
3148:Clayton, Lawrence A. (2012).
2332:Anthony, Dani (6 July 2015).
1949:
1754:General History of the Indies
1676:, particularly the island of
1586:Bartolomé Carranza de Miranda
1522:In 1552, Las Casas published
1169:, and several members of the
1119:Cover of the New Laws of 1542
812:importation of African slaves
775:Fonseca, the Bishop of Burgos
682:King Ferdinand "The Catholic"
8919:Expulsion of the Chagossians
8118:Siena College of Quezon City
8053:Regina Dominican High School
7871:St. Mary's Dominican College
7722:St. Catherine's Priory, Ribe
7485:St Cuthbert's Church, Durham
7480:St. Andrew's Church, Cologne
7405:Monastery Church, Sighișoara
6790:Joanna, Princess of Portugal
6370:Domingo Valderrama y Centeno
5537:Ana of the Angels Monteagudo
5258:From the Collections at the
4680:Harvard Human Rights Journal
4494:"Nozick, Robert (1938–2002)"
4302:Baptiste, Victor N. (1990).
4117:McBrien, Richard P. (2001).
2543:History of Political Thought
2279:
2229:
1439:, as well as on history and
672:Las Casas and King Ferdinand
366:. He then advocated, before
7:
8715:Government of Bashkortostan
8580:American Indian reservation
8449:Native American Rights Fund
8153:St Dominic's Grammar School
8038:Mount Saint Dominic Academy
7968:Dominican College Sion Hill
7918:Albertus Magnus High School
7821:Dominican College, New York
7687:Sainte Marie de La Tourette
7541:Dominican Convent, Zaragoza
7435:San Giacomo Apostolo, Forlì
6250:Miguel Ramírez de Salamanca
5739:Sinsinawa Dominican Sisters
5240:(public domain audiobooks)
5039:Rand-Parish, Helen (1980).
4082:at Blackfriars Hall website
2666:. Translated and edited by
2292:Parish & Weidman (1976)
2154:
2140:He is also featured on the
2079:Evangelical Lutheran Church
1903:authors to portray Spanish
1432:again during his lifetime.
1287:of New Spain to be held in
826:View over the landscape of
680:A contemporary painting of
330:as a layman, then became a
10:
9240:
8670:Fundação Nacional do Índio
8183:St Joseph's School, Oamaru
8088:Saint Agnes Academy, Texas
8063:Rosary High School, Aurora
7876:St. Thomas Aquinas College
7791:Aquinas College, Tennessee
7495:St. Paul's Church, Antwerp
7490:St Dominic's Priory Church
7475:Santo Domingo, Mexico City
6962:Paul and Ninety Companions
6507:Paul and Ninety Companions
6260:Cristóbal Rodríguez Juárez
6180:Girolamo Michele Nichesola
6010:Johannes de Galonifontibus
5795:Rodolfo Fontiveros Beltran
5689:Dominican Sisters of Peace
5674:Dominican Sisters of Ilanz
5577:Luke Spicola of Pontecorvo
5302:Juan de Arteaga y Avendaño
4674:Glendon, Mary Ann (2003).
4522:10.4135/9781412965811.n220
4426:Carozza, Paolo G. (2003).
4264:February 11, 2012, at the
3487:Hernández, Bernat (2015).
2432:Parish & Weidman (1976
2420:Parish & Weidman (1976
2144:one centavo coin (Q0.01).
2117:San Cristóbal de las Casas
2051:San Cristóbal de Las Casas
1953:
1851:
1832:(Volumes VI, VII and XI).
1716:Black Legend against Spain
1625:
1564:in 1546. The emperor sent
1345:
988:, but had to turn back to
617:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
32:Las Casas (disambiguation)
29:
9154:Historians of Mesoamerica
9124:16th-century male writers
9002:
8886:
8823:
8798:
8755:
8647:
8640:
8481:
8404:Assembly of First Nations
8389:
8297:
8229:
8113:Siena College, Camberwell
8028:Maryknoll School of Lupon
7938:Blackfriars Priory School
7910:
7902:University of Santo Tomas
7889:
7786:Aquinas College, Michigan
7769:Colleges and Universities
7768:
7764:
7753:
7667:Our Lady's Priory, Aarhus
7579:
7566:St. John's Priory, Kalmar
7508:
7455:Santa Maria sopra Minerva
7337:
7333:
7322:
7233:
7162:
7071:
7005:
6884:
6853:
6800:Saint Margaret of Fontana
6667:
6561:
6520:
6469:
6413:
6295:Thomas, bishop of Finland
5980:Felipe Fernandez de Pardo
5760:Johannes Alberti (bishop)
5755:Diego de Aguilar (bishop)
5747:
5661:
5625:
5389:
5385:
5374:
5367:
5315:
5306:
5298:
5291:
5101:10.1017/S0022046907001704
5080:Rubiés, Joan-Pau (2007).
5030:(1): 4–19. Archived from
4898:(PDF online reproduction)
4889:MacNutt, Francis Augustus
4365:Early American Literature
4052:10.1017/S0165115300002151
3845:Wagner & Parish (1967
3643:Wagner & Parish (1967
3574:Hernandez, Bonar Ludwig.
3438:Wagner & Parish (1967
3426:Wagner & Parish (1967
3414:Wagner & Parish (1967
3402:Wagner & Parish (1967
3390:Wagner & Parish (1967
3378:Wagner & Parish (1967
3318:Wagner & Parish (1967
3306:Wagner & Parish (1967
3294:Wagner & Parish (1967
3270:Wagner & Parish (1967
3258:Wagner & Parish (1967
3124:Wagner & Parish (1967
3088:Wagner & Parish (1967
3076:Wagner & Parish (1967
3064:Wagner & Parish (1967
3052:Wagner & Parish (1967
3040:Wagner & Parish (1967
3028:Wagner & Parish (1967
3004:Wagner & Parish (1967
2992:Wagner & Parish (1967
2980:Wagner & Parish (1967
2968:Wagner & Parish (1967
2956:Wagner & Parish (1967
2932:Wagner & Parish (1967
2920:Wagner & Parish (1967
2908:Wagner & Parish (1967
2896:Wagner & Parish (1967
2884:Wagner & Parish (1967
2872:Wagner & Parish (1967
2860:Wagner & Parish (1967
2848:Wagner & Parish (1967
2807:Wagner & Parish (1967
2744:Wagner & Parish (1967
2732:Wagner & Parish (1967
2720:Wagner & Parish (1967
2696:Wagner & Parish (1967
2628:Wagner & Parish (1967
2604:Wagner & Parish (1967
2580:Wagner & Parish (1967
2488:Wagner & Parish (1967
2464:Wagner & Parish (1967
2077:, on 18 July, and at the
1992:transatlantic slave trade
1858:
1571:In 1561, he finished his
799:Cardinal Ximenez Cisneros
702:Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca
485:Archivo General de Indias
233:
222:
212:
204:
189:
173:
151:
146:
133:
125:
120:
110:
102:
94:
84:
74:
65:
60:
41:
9199:Spanish Mesoamericanists
9174:Roman Catholic activists
8894:Chechen–Russian conflict
8745:Bureau of Indian Affairs
8143:St Dominic's Chishawasha
7881:Siena Heights University
7856:Mount Saint Mary College
7702:St. Agnes' Priory, Gavnø
7692:Santa Catalina Monastery
7617:Dominican Priory, Viborg
7602:Corpus Christi Monastery
7536:Dominican Convent, Ilanz
7395:Dominican Church, Vienna
7185:Joseph Augustine Di Noia
6245:Juan Ramírez de Arellano
5940:Joseph Augustine Di Noia
5835:Giovanni Battista Natali
5820:Giacomo Balardi Arrigoni
5734:Racine Dominican Sisters
5669:Adrian Dominican Sisters
5662:Congregations of Sisters
4473:. Duke University Press.
3943:Krippner, James (2007).
2224:
1899:", a tendency by mostly
1591:
1260:Bernal Díaz del Castillo
1048:De unico vocationis modo
771:Protector of the Indians
753:Protector of the Indians
591:. The colonists, led by
340:Protector of the Indians
115:Protector of the Indians
9179:Christian abolitionists
8939:Little Danes experiment
8725:Government of Tatarstan
8392:political organizations
8123:Siena College of Taytay
7993:Dominican School Manila
7943:Cabra Dominican College
7923:Angelicum School Iloilo
7890:Pontifical Universities
7846:Holy Trinity University
7776:Albertus Magnus College
7677:Paulinerkirche, Leipzig
7642:Matris Domini Monastery
7521:Convento de Santo Tomás
7445:Santa Maria di Castello
7033:Raymond-Joseph Loenertz
6740:Augusta Theodosia Drane
6305:Tommaso da San Cipriano
6140:Stefan Antonin Mdzewski
5780:Bernardo de Albuquerque
5472:Hyacinthe-Marie Cormier
5151:Tierney, Brian (1997).
4765:Keen, Benjamin (1971).
4469:Castro, Daniel (2007).
3450:Giménez Fernández (1971
3246:Giménez Fernández (1971
3234:Giménez Fernández (1971
3210:Giménez Fernández (1971
3136:Giménez Fernández (1971
3112:Giménez Fernández (1971
3100:Giménez Fernández (1971
3016:Giménez Fernández (1971
2944:Giménez Fernández (1971
2684:Encyclopædia Britannica
2652:Giménez Fernández (1971
2568:Giménez Fernández (1971
2476:Giménez Fernández (1971
2111:. In this capacity, an
2104:rights philosophy with
2061:movement. Bartolomé is
1932:Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda
1830:Repertorium Columbianum
1611:The second part of the
1580:, denounced him to the
1501:College of San Gregorio
1475:went on to wage war in
1380:Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda
1357:Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda
978:conquest of that region
635:and in the massacre of
537:, on the expedition of
489:to found the Christian
420:Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda
9184:Roman Catholic writers
8924:High Arctic relocation
8826:Declarations of Rights
8523:Cultural appropriation
8454:Survival International
8128:St Catherine's Academy
7440:Sant'Anastasia, Verona
7380:Dominican Church, Lviv
7261:Catherine of Racconigi
7195:Luis Galiana y Cervera
7119:Ascensión Nicol y Goñi
6892:Agnes of Montepulciano
6775:Irmengard of Oettingen
6705:La Beata de Piedrahita
6690:Agnes of Montepulciano
6589:Catherine of Racconigi
6553:José Álvarez Fernández
6521:Dominican Missionaries
6090:Reginaldo de Lizárraga
6075:Edward Thaddeus Lawton
6015:John III of Soltaniyeh
5930:Agustín Dávila Padilla
5885:Bartolomé de las Casas
5840:Archangelo de' Bianchi
5557:Ascensión Nicol y Goñi
5452:Catherine of Racconigi
5293:Catholic Church titles
5018:Pierce, Brian (1992).
4942:Orique, David (2017).
4851:Losada, Ángel (1971).
4750:. Edwin Mellen Press.
4471:Another Face of Empire
4435:Human Rights Quarterly
4236:. Banco de Guatemala.
3700:Historia de Las Indias
3667:Historia de las Indias
3462:Homza, Lu Ann (2006).
3184:Catholic-Hierarchy.org
3151:Bartolomé de Las Casas
2131:
2042:
2023:Another Face of Empire
1882:
1871:
1749:
1737:
1652:
1641:
1573:Historia de las Indias
1496:
1363:
1222:, a newly established
1215:
1120:
1027:
873:and Bishop Quevedo of
850:
834:
794:
684:
612:
516:Historia de las Indias
475:
360:American laborers and
350:Historia de Las Indias
248:Bartolomé de las Casas
177:18 July 1566 (aged 81)
156:Bartolomé de las Casas
49:Bartolomé de las Casas
8929:Human rights in Tibet
8656:Aotearoa-New Zealand
8550:Fortress conservation
8352:Traditional knowledge
8315:Intellectual property
8093:Saint Dominic Academy
8083:Santa Catalina School
7866:St. Catharine College
7580:Dominican Monasteries
7430:San Domenico, Palermo
7425:San Domenico Maggiore
7420:Predigerkirche Zürich
7271:Pier Giorgio Frassati
7190:Marcel-Jacques Dubois
7163:Dominican Theologians
7129:Stephana de Quinzanis
6902:Antoninus of Florence
6629:Stephana de Quinzanis
6375:Antonio de Valdivieso
6325:Pedro Silva y Tenorio
6275:Heinrich von Rübenach
5995:Serafino Fortibraccia
5935:Michael James Dempsey
5855:Martín Cabeza de Vaca
5815:Antoninus of Florence
5626:Congregations of Nuns
5587:Stephana de Quinzanis
5507:Pier Giorgio Frassati
5115:. Santa Barbara, CA:
5109:Saunders, Nicholas J.
4737:Hanke, Lewis (1952).
4600:Friede, Juan (1971).
4508:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
4490:Chafuen, Alejandro A.
4447:10.1353/hrq.2003.0023
4097:The Church of England
3961:10.1353/tam.2007.0152
3368:Hernandez, 2015, p. 9
2835:www.mcnbiografias.com
2303:Zinn, Howard (1997).
2135:Residencial Las Casas
2129:
2036:
1988:History of the Indies
1971:Antonio de Montesinos
1969:The Dominican friars
1877:
1866:
1822:History of the Indies
1813:History of the Indies
1806:History of the Indies
1731:
1705:Aragonese inquisition
1635:
1517:Council of the Indies
1494:
1487:Later years and death
1465:Bernardino de Sahagún
1355:
1342:The Valladolid debate
1277:Antonio de Valdivieso
1213:
1171:Council of the Indies
1118:
1022:
954:History of the Indies
840:
828:Mochima National Park
825:
792:
679:
606:
580:Antonio de Montesinos
541:. Las Casas became a
470:was the designer and
453:
9224:Spanish slave owners
8953:Residential schools
8899:Sri Lankan Civil War
8641:Legal representation
8610:Urban Indian reserve
8499:Internal colonialism
8390:Non-governmental and
8345:in the United States
8108:Santa Sabina College
7652:North Abbey, Youghal
7647:Monastère de Chalais
7286:Margaret of Castello
7234:Dominican Tertiaries
7084:Mother Mary Alphonsa
7058:Antonin Sertillanges
6977:Raymond of Penyafort
6845:Maria Petra Giordano
6825:Bartolomea Riccoboni
6735:Anna Vittoria Dolara
6548:Vincente de Valverde
6395:John of Wildeshausen
6385:Vincente de Valverde
6280:Abel de Saint-Brieuc
6085:Bartolomé de Ledesma
5955:Vincenzo de Doncelli
5920:Edward Celestin Daly
5825:Carlos Azpiroz Costa
5572:Maddalena Panattieri
5547:Margaret of Castello
5462:Antonio della Chiesa
5390:Beatified Dominicans
4699:. pp. 250–251.
4555:Comas, Juan (1971).
4516:. pp. 283–284.
4403:. pp. 117–138.
4209:on 25 December 2010.
3639:Historia Apologetica
2149:Lascassas, Tennessee
1956:Black legend (Spain)
1854:De thesauris in Peru
1847:De thesauris in Peru
1818:Christopher Columbus
1509:Francisco Tenamaztle
1326:Juan Lopez de Zárate
1252:Cristóbal de Pedraza
1134:Francisco de Vitoria
1044:Toribio de Benavente
607:Reconstruction of a
528:Christopher Columbus
520:Christopher Columbus
9214:School of Salamanca
9169:Philosophers of law
9164:Clergy from Seville
8504:Settler colonialism
7811:Caldwell University
7759:Dominican Education
7682:Rue Saint-Dominique
7400:Église Saint-Cannat
7225:Benedict T. Viviano
7114:Margaret MacCurtain
6952:Margaret of Hungary
6805:Margaret of Hungary
6700:Concepción Argüello
6451:Christoph Schönborn
6414:Dominican Cardinals
6380:Vicente de Valverde
6315:Christoph Schönborn
6300:Thomas of Mancasola
6235:Antonio Ponticorona
6145:Godfried van Mierlo
6100:Eustachio Locatelli
6000:Ambrosio Fracassini
5890:Alfonso de la Cerda
5612:Reginald of Orleans
5271:Library of Congress
5260:Library of Congress
4746:Jay, Felix (2002).
4559:. In Friede, Juan;
4120:Lives of the Saints
4073:Las Casas Institute
3338:Hanke, 1949, p. 129
3329:Poole, 1965, p. 115
2309:Seven Stories Press
2100:– a combination of
2081:on 17 July. In the
2059:liberation theology
1936:Democrates Secundus
1582:Spanish Inquisition
1550:Viceroyalty of Peru
1318:Francisco Marroquín
1281:Bishop of Nicaragua
1273:Francisco Marroquín
1256:Bishop of Comayagua
1069:Alonso de Maldonado
1014:Francisco Marroquín
9209:History of Chiapas
9189:Spanish Dominicans
8989:Stolen Generations
8790:BBNJ ABS Committee
8545:Discovery doctrine
8489:Civilizing mission
8330:Self-determination
8239:Catholicism portal
7861:Providence College
7801:Aquinas University
7637:Liebenau monastery
7597:Burrishoole Friary
7571:Wettenhausen Abbey
7509:Dominican Convents
7338:Dominican Churches
7266:Catherine of Siena
7220:Juan de Torquemada
7175:Catherine of Siena
7139:Catherine of Ricci
7006:Dominican Scholars
6937:Hyacinth of Poland
6917:Catherine of Siena
6866:Pope Benedict XIII
6840:Yolanda of Vianden
6755:Stephanie Gorodets
6695:Diana degli Andalò
6634:Catherine of Ricci
6594:Catherine of Siena
6528:Jerónimo de Loayza
6461:Juan de Torquemada
6446:Hugh of Saint-Cher
6400:Juan de Witte Hoos
6360:Burchard Tuberflug
6285:Hugh of Saint-Cher
6185:Berthold von Oberg
6165:Alonso de Montúfar
6095:Jerónimo de Loayza
6045:Antonio de Hervias
5880:Andrew of Carniola
5845:Franciscus Buratti
5800:Teodoro Bacani Jr.
5592:Bernardo Scammacca
5477:Domenico Spadafora
5402:Diana degli Andalò
5360:Order of Preachers
5024:Spirituality Today
4927:10.1353/cat.0.0312
4401:Ashgate Publishing
4377:10.1353/eal.0.0014
4283:Alcedo, Antonio de
4219:Michael Tangeman,
4078:2013-07-09 at the
2525:de las Casas (2020
2183:Mesoamerica portal
2147:The small town of
2142:Guatemalan quetzal
2132:
2109:political theology
2043:
1883:
1881:, by Miguel Noreña
1872:
1758:Apologetic History
1738:
1665:Philip II of Spain
1642:
1530:Philip II of Spain
1497:
1364:
1216:
1146:Holy Roman Emperor
1121:
1028:
851:
835:
818:The Cumaná venture
795:
685:
621:Pánfilo de Narváez
613:
566:friars arrived in
476:
9144:Dominican bishops
9028:
9027:
9013:Indigenous rights
8882:
8881:
8815:Indigenous Caucus
8756:Intergovernmental
8605:Russian republics
8575:Autonomous okrugs
8424:Cultural Survival
8252:
8251:
8225:
8224:
8221:
8220:
8068:Rosaryhill School
8043:Newbridge College
7948:Dominican Academy
7781:Angelicum College
7749:
7748:
7745:
7744:
7662:Oetenbach nunnery
7632:Kirchberg convent
7587:Ballindoon Friary
7318:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7306:Villana de' Botti
7072:Dominican Sisters
7018:Jean Maurice Fiey
6957:Martyrs of Gorkum
6815:Osanna of Cattaro
6785:Catherine Jarrige
6760:Elizabeth of Töss
6725:Chiara Gambacorti
6562:Dominican Mystics
6502:Martyrs of Gorkum
6470:Dominican Martyrs
6441:Andreas Frühwirth
6290:Juan de Salamanca
6225:Sigfried Piscator
6215:Vicente de Peraza
6175:Francisco Naranjo
6160:Antonio de Monroy
6155:Hermann Molitoris
6110:Bartolomeo Lopaci
6020:Ludovico Giamagna
5965:Vincenzo Ercolano
5875:Tomás de Cárdenas
5870:Ambrosius Capello
5810:Socrates Villegas
5785:Domingo de Alzola
5748:Dominican Bishops
5617:Villana de' Botti
5522:Humbert of Romans
5457:Chiara Gambacorti
5326:
5325:
5316:Succeeded by
5309:Bishop of Chiapas
5220:Project Gutenberg
5126:978-1-57607-701-6
4872:978-0-87580-025-7
4786:978-0-87580-025-7
4757:978-0-7734-7131-3
4706:978-0-87436-885-7
4658:978-0-87580-025-7
4621:978-0-87580-025-7
4584:978-0-87580-025-7
4510:SAGE Publications
4410:978-0-86078-519-4
4347:978-1-85984-195-2
4313:978-0-911437-43-0
4134:978-0-06-065340-8
3624:978-0-14-044562-6
3404::98–100, 243–244)
3178:Cheney, David M.
2511:978-0-8173-9285-7
2318:978-1-583229-46-0
2067:Church of England
1963:Sherburne F. Cook
1916:Menéndez y Pelayo
1686:Valladolid debate
1669:divine punishment
1566:Pedro de la Gasca
1562:Blasco Núñez Vela
1473:Pedro de Valdivia
1391:Valladolid debate
1361:Valladolid debate
1348:Valladolid debate
1294:Juan de Zumárraga
1206:Bishop of Chiapas
1040:Franciscan orders
982:Francisco Pizarro
871:Gonzalo de Oviedo
843:Gonzalo de Ocampo
721:Adrian of Utrecht
663:) 34:18–22 for a
539:Nicolás de Ovando
416:Valladolid debate
354:Caribbean islands
336:Bishop of Chiapas
245:
244:
106:11 September 1550
61:Bishop of Chiapas
16:(Redirected from
9231:
9081:
9080:
9079:
9069:
9068:
9067:
9057:
9056:
9045:
9044:
9043:
9036:
9010:
9009:
8944:Mapuche conflict
8914:Chiapas conflict
8909:Alta controversy
8887:Historical cases
8645:
8644:
8627:Rainbow Warriors
8617:Manifest destiny
8305:Ancestral domain
8279:
8272:
8265:
8256:
8255:
8247:
8240:
8235:
8058:Rosarian Academy
7841:Edgewood College
7806:Barry University
7766:
7765:
7755:
7754:
7556:Schlehdorf Abbey
7335:
7334:
7324:
7323:
7296:Osanna of Mantua
7251:Benvenuta Bojani
7200:Henrik Kalteisen
7094:Columba of Rieti
7013:Francisco Burgoa
6972:Martin de Porres
6885:Dominican Saints
6861:Pope Benedict XI
6765:Emilia Bicchieri
6710:Sister Bertranda
6680:Agnes of Denmark
6624:Osanna of Mantua
6619:Louis of Granada
6599:Columba of Rieti
6579:Benvenuta Bojani
6421:Nicolò Albertini
6365:Domingo de Ulloa
6350:Miguel de Torres
6270:Reginaldo Romero
6240:Agostino Quinzio
6210:Pedro de la Peña
6200:Alberto Pascaleo
6120:Giovanni Marquet
6065:Henrik Kalteisen
6050:Jean Heysterbach
5990:Eustache Fontana
5905:R. Luke Concanen
5895:Jerónimo Clavijo
5865:Thomas Cammerota
5770:Nicolò Albertini
5607:Raymond of Capua
5562:Osanna of Mantua
5532:Jordan of Saxony
5527:John of Vercelli
5492:Emilia Bicchieri
5467:Columba of Rieti
5447:Matthew Carrieri
5432:Benvenuta Bojani
5422:Pope Benedict XI
5387:
5386:
5376:
5375:
5361:
5352:
5345:
5338:
5329:
5328:
5299:Preceded by
5289:
5288:
5245:
5244:
5229:Internet Archive
5212:
5196:
5183:
5167:
5156:
5147:
5138:
5104:
5086:
5076:
5070:
5062:
5053:
5044:
5035:
5034:on 29 June 2011.
5014:
4967:
4950:(85/86): 32–51.
4938:
4909:
4899:
4884:
4838:
4827:
4798:
4761:
4742:
4733:
4718:
4687:
4670:
4633:
4596:
4551:
4474:
4465:
4463:
4457:. Archived from
4432:
4422:
4388:
4359:
4330:Blackburn, Robin
4325:
4298:
4269:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4230:
4224:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4205:. Archived from
4195:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4089:
4083:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4034:
4028:
4027:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3940:
3934:
3929:
3923:
3921:Boruchoff (2008)
3918:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3895:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3873:docsouth.unc.edu
3865:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
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3806:
3800:
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3766:
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3751:
3745:
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3733:
3732:
3722:
3716:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3694:
3688:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3339:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3175:
3166:
3165:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2827:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2677:
2671:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2452:
2445:
2439:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2300:
2294:
2289:
2273:
2266:
2260:
2253:
2247:
2240:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2055:Blackfriars Hall
1975:Pedro de Córdoba
1682:New Laws of 1542
1674:Greater Antilles
1449:Native Americans
1405:The judge, Fray
1395:Democrates Alter
1310:Vasco de Quiroga
1236:Bishop of Modruš
1159:García de Loaysa
1093:Chichicastenango
1054:promulgated the
1010:Kʼicheʼ language
1008:and studied the
1006:Domingo Betanzos
855:Pedro de Córdoba
763:Luis de Figueroa
717:Ximenez Cisneros
704:, and secretary
572:Pedro de Córdoba
458:in Las Casas's
325:
324:
323:
317:
312:
305:
299:
298:
295:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
275:
274:
271:
268:
261:
241:
167:Crown of Castile
159:11 November 1484
147:Personal details
79:Tuxtla Gutiérrez
70:
39:
38:
21:
9239:
9238:
9234:
9233:
9232:
9230:
9229:
9228:
9219:Anglican saints
9089:
9088:
9087:
9077:
9075:
9065:
9063:
9051:
9041:
9039:
9031:
9029:
9024:
9019:Minority rights
8998:
8984:San controversy
8878:
8852:Nagoya Protocol
8825:
8819:
8802:
8800:
8794:
8757:
8751:
8649:
8636:
8477:
8391:
8385:
8293:
8291:minority rights
8283:
8253:
8248:
8238:
8217:
7906:
7885:
7760:
7741:
7575:
7561:Skänninge Abbey
7546:Predigerkloster
7504:
7329:
7310:
7281:Martin Grabmann
7276:Pauline Jaricot
7246:Simone Ballachi
7241:Francis Amherst
7229:
7215:Paulus Hungarus
7170:Nicholas Bayard
7158:
7134:Luise Radlmeier
7089:Lucy Brocadelli
7079:Anna Abrikosova
7067:
7048:Luise Radlmeier
7043:Jean de Menasce
7038:Martin of Opava
7001:
6942:John of Cologne
6897:Albertus Magnus
6880:
6871:Pope Innocent V
6854:Dominican Popes
6849:
6770:Patricia Fresen
6750:Margareta Ebner
6745:Christina Ebner
6720:Violante do Ceo
6675:Anna Abrikosova
6663:
6609:Margareta Ebner
6604:Christina Ebner
6584:Lucy Brocadelli
6574:Albertus Magnus
6557:
6533:Luise Radlmeier
6516:
6497:John of Cologne
6477:Anna Abrikosova
6465:
6409:
6355:Pablo de Torres
6345:Johannes Tideln
6265:Giovanni Romano
6190:Michael Padrolo
6170:Munio of Zamora
6135:Pascase Maupair
6125:Martin of Opava
6080:Giorgio Lazzari
6070:Thomas C. Kelly
6030:Pietro de Gozzo
6025:Andrés González
5900:Antonio Cogorno
5830:Daniele Barboli
5775:Albertus Magnus
5743:
5657:
5621:
5597:Sebastian Maggi
5582:Marie Poussepin
5542:Manés de Guzmán
5497:Augustine Fangi
5487:Margareta Ebner
5437:Lucy Brocadelli
5427:Pauline Jaricot
5417:Simone Ballachi
5381:
5370:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5322:
5312:
5304:
5242:
5210:
5204:
5199:
5189:Jamaica Journal
5176:Jamaica Journal
5127:
5084:
5064:
5063:
4987:10.2307/2514372
4897:
4873:
4816:10.2307/2511162
4787:
4758:
4707:
4659:
4622:
4585:
4532:
4464:on 6 July 2011.
4461:
4430:
4411:
4348:
4314:
4306:. Labyrinthos.
4277:
4272:
4266:Wayback Machine
4257:
4253:
4243:
4241:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4218:
4214:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4184:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4135:
4115:
4111:
4101:
4099:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4080:Wayback Machine
4071:
4067:
4035:
4031:
3996:
3992:
3941:
3937:
3930:
3926:
3919:
3915:
3908:
3904:
3896:
3892:
3884:
3880:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3851:
3843:
3839:
3831:
3827:
3819:
3815:
3807:
3803:
3795:
3791:
3783:
3779:
3767:
3760:
3752:
3748:
3740:
3736:
3723:
3719:
3712:
3708:
3695:
3691:
3665:
3661:
3653:
3649:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3611:
3607:
3599:
3595:
3572:
3568:
3555:
3551:
3543:
3539:
3534:Baptiste (1990)
3532:
3528:
3519:
3515:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3460:
3456:
3448:
3444:
3436:
3432:
3424:
3420:
3412:
3408:
3400:
3396:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3208:
3199:
3189:
3187:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3146:
3142:
3134:
3130:
3122:
3118:
3110:
3106:
3098:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3050:
3046:
3038:
3034:
3026:
3022:
3014:
3010:
3002:
2998:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2974:
2966:
2962:
2954:
2950:
2942:
2938:
2930:
2926:
2918:
2914:
2906:
2902:
2894:
2890:
2882:
2878:
2870:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2846:
2842:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2783:Blackburn (1997
2781:
2777:
2766:
2762:
2754:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2730:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2678:
2674:
2662:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2638:
2634:
2626:
2622:
2614:
2610:
2602:
2598:
2590:
2586:
2578:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2535:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2498:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2462:
2455:
2446:
2442:
2430:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2383:History Compass
2379:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2338:origins.osu.edu
2330:
2326:
2319:
2311:. p. 483.
2305:The Zinn Reader
2301:
2297:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2267:
2263:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2197:Religion portal
2195:
2188:
2181:
2176:
2174:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2083:Catholic Church
2031:
2029:Cultural legacy
1958:
1952:
1888:Lopez de Gómara
1861:
1856:
1850:
1840:
1809:
1726:
1712:Theodore de Bry
1630:
1624:
1601:
1594:
1558:Gonzalo Pizarro
1489:
1420:. According to
1407:Domingo de Soto
1350:
1344:
1264:pastoral letter
1232:Diego de Loaysa
1208:
1163:Count of Osorno
1113:
1103:and then on to
962:Count of Osorno
958:Garcia Manrique
927:
820:
787:
755:
711:The regency of
706:Lope Conchillos
674:
601:
468:Joos van Winghe
448:
443:
435:Catholic Church
383:Central America
379:Dominican Order
319:
318:
310:
303:
276:
265:
256:
255:
217:Catholic Church
178:
169:
160:
158:
157:
138:
56:
51:
50:
47:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9237:
9227:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9101:
9086:
9085:
9073:
9061:
9049:
9026:
9025:
9023:
9022:
9003:
9000:
8999:
8997:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8975:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8934:Indian removal
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8890:
8888:
8884:
8883:
8880:
8879:
8877:
8876:
8870:
8864:
8858:
8848:
8842:
8836:
8829:
8827:
8821:
8820:
8818:
8817:
8812:
8806:
8804:
8799:Indigenous-led
8796:
8795:
8793:
8792:
8787:
8786:
8785:
8777:
8775:Arctic Council
8772:
8771:
8770:
8764:African Union
8761:
8759:
8753:
8752:
8750:
8749:
8748:
8747:
8739:
8738:
8737:
8729:
8728:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8704:
8703:
8702:
8694:
8693:
8692:
8684:
8683:
8682:
8674:
8673:
8672:
8664:
8663:
8662:
8660:Te Puni Kōkiri
8653:
8651:
8642:
8638:
8637:
8635:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8622:Plastic shaman
8619:
8614:
8613:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8590:Indian reserve
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8562:
8557:
8555:Green grabbing
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8536:
8535:
8530:
8528:Sports mascots
8520:
8519:
8518:
8516:Bioprospecting
8508:
8507:
8506:
8501:
8491:
8485:
8483:
8479:
8478:
8476:
8475:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8395:
8393:
8387:
8386:
8384:
8383:
8382:
8381:
8379:in New Zealand
8376:
8366:
8365:
8364:
8359:
8349:
8348:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8301:
8299:
8295:
8294:
8285:International
8282:
8281:
8274:
8267:
8259:
8250:
8249:
8230:
8227:
8226:
8223:
8222:
8219:
8218:
8216:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7933:Aquinas School
7930:
7925:
7920:
7914:
7912:
7908:
7907:
7905:
7904:
7899:
7893:
7891:
7887:
7886:
7884:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7851:Molloy College
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7772:
7770:
7762:
7761:
7751:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7739:
7734:
7732:Töss Monastery
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7622:Flavigny Abbey
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7583:
7581:
7577:
7576:
7574:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7512:
7510:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7341:
7339:
7331:
7330:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7237:
7235:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7205:John Lutterell
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7166:
7164:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7151:
7149:Marjorie Tuite
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7075:
7073:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7028:Stjepan Krasić
7025:
7020:
7015:
7009:
7007:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6997:Zdislava Berka
6994:
6992:Thomas Aquinas
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6927:Vincent Ferrer
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6907:Louis Bertrand
6904:
6899:
6894:
6888:
6886:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6857:
6855:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6835:Elsbeth Stagel
6832:
6830:Nora Rubashova
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6810:Juliana Morell
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6730:Teresa Chikaba
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6685:Agnes of Jesus
6682:
6677:
6671:
6669:
6668:Dominican Nuns
6665:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6656:
6654:Thomas Aquinas
6651:
6646:
6644:Elsbeth Stagel
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6569:Agnes of Jesus
6565:
6563:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6524:
6522:
6518:
6517:
6515:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6473:
6471:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6456:Jose Advincula
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6426:Michael Browne
6423:
6417:
6415:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6320:Tommaso Scotti
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6195:Dionysius Part
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6105:Umberto Locati
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6040:Alfonso Guerra
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5985:Anthony Fisher
5982:
5977:
5975:Edward Fenwick
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5925:Vincent Darius
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5790:Andrea Franchi
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5765:Jose Advincula
5762:
5757:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5512:Peter González
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5407:Andrea Franchi
5404:
5399:
5397:Agnes of Jesus
5393:
5391:
5383:
5382:
5372:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5355:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5332:
5324:
5323:
5319:Tomás Casillas
5317:
5314:
5305:
5300:
5296:
5295:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5273:
5262:
5253:
5246:
5231:
5222:
5213:
5203:
5202:External links
5200:
5198:
5197:
5184:
5172:Wynter, Sylvia
5168:
5157:
5148:
5139:
5125:
5105:
5095:(4): 767–768.
5077:
5054:
5045:
5036:
5015:
4981:(3): 385–403.
4968:
4939:
4910:
4885:
4871:
4848:
4828:
4810:(4): 703–719.
4799:
4785:
4762:
4756:
4743:
4734:
4722:
4719:
4705:
4688:
4671:
4657:
4634:
4620:
4597:
4583:
4561:Keen, Benjamin
4552:
4531:978-1412965804
4530:
4514:Cato Institute
4498:Hamowy, Ronald
4486:
4484:978-0822339397
4480:978-0822339304
4466:
4441:(2): 281–313.
4423:
4409:
4393:Brading, David
4389:
4371:(2): 497–504.
4360:
4346:
4326:
4312:
4299:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4251:
4225:
4212:
4190:
4178:
4167:on 7 July 2020
4148:
4133:
4109:
4093:"The Calendar"
4084:
4065:
4046:(2): 158–160.
4029:
4010:(2): 355–357.
3990:
3955:(2): 309–311.
3935:
3924:
3913:
3902:
3890:
3878:
3860:
3849:
3837:
3825:
3813:
3801:
3789:
3777:
3758:
3746:
3734:
3725:Lepore, Jill.
3717:
3706:
3689:
3659:
3647:
3630:
3623:
3605:
3593:
3566:
3549:
3545:Baptiste (1990
3537:
3526:
3522:Baptiste (1990
3513:
3500:978-8430617340
3499:
3479:
3473:978-0872207943
3472:
3454:
3442:
3430:
3418:
3406:
3394:
3382:
3370:
3361:
3352:
3350:Minahane, 2014
3340:
3331:
3322:
3310:
3298:
3286:
3274:
3262:
3250:
3238:
3226:
3214:
3197:
3167:
3161:978-1107001213
3160:
3140:
3128:
3116:
3104:
3092:
3080:
3068:
3056:
3044:
3032:
3020:
3008:
2996:
2984:
2972:
2960:
2948:
2936:
2924:
2912:
2900:
2888:
2876:
2864:
2852:
2840:
2822:
2819:Wynter (1984a)
2811:
2799:
2787:
2775:
2772:Wynter (1984b)
2768:Wynter (1984a)
2760:
2756:Baptiste (1990
2748:
2736:
2724:
2712:
2708:Baptiste (1990
2700:
2688:
2680:Ecclesiasticus
2672:
2668:Sullivan (1995
2656:
2644:
2632:
2620:
2608:
2596:
2584:
2572:
2560:
2529:
2517:
2510:
2492:
2480:
2468:
2453:
2449:Saunders (2005
2440:
2424:
2412:
2373:
2363:
2350:
2324:
2317:
2295:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2261:
2248:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2200:
2186:
2172:
2156:
2153:
2049:, was renamed
2030:
2027:
1951:
1948:
1920:Menéndez Pidal
1860:
1857:
1852:Main article:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1808:
1803:
1725:
1720:
1701:Catalan Revolt
1626:Main article:
1623:
1618:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1488:
1485:
1418:Chichimeca War
1346:Main article:
1343:
1340:
1244:Titular Bishop
1207:
1204:
1112:
1109:
968:band of chief
926:
923:
879:Diego Columbus
847:Theodor de Bry
819:
816:
786:
783:
754:
751:
725:Prince Charles
690:King Ferdinand
673:
670:
657:Ecclesiasticus
623:' conquest of
600:
597:
593:Diego Columbus
557:secular priest
518:, he wrote of
474:the engraver.
472:Theodor de Bry
447:
444:
442:
441:Life and times
439:
243:
242:
235:
231:
230:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
206:
202:
201:
191:
187:
186:
175:
171:
170:
161:
155:
153:
149:
148:
144:
143:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
63:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
44:Servant of God
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9236:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9096:
9094:
9084:
9074:
9072:
9062:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9048:
9038:
9037:
9034:
9021:
9020:
9015:
9014:
9005:
9004:
9001:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8973:
8972:United States
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8954:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8891:
8889:
8885:
8875:
8871:
8869:
8865:
8863:
8859:
8857:
8853:
8849:
8847:
8843:
8841:
8837:
8835:
8831:
8830:
8828:
8822:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8807:
8805:
8801:international
8797:
8791:
8788:
8784:
8781:
8780:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8769:
8766:
8765:
8763:
8762:
8760:
8754:
8746:
8743:
8742:
8740:
8736:
8733:
8732:
8730:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8707:
8705:
8701:
8698:
8697:
8695:
8691:
8688:
8687:
8685:
8681:
8678:
8677:
8675:
8671:
8668:
8667:
8665:
8661:
8658:
8657:
8655:
8654:
8652:
8646:
8643:
8639:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8585:Indian colony
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8567:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8525:
8524:
8521:
8517:
8514:
8513:
8512:
8509:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8496:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8486:
8484:
8480:
8473:
8472:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8396:
8394:
8388:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8371:
8370:
8369:Treaty rights
8367:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8354:
8353:
8350:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8332:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8302:
8300:
8296:
8292:
8288:
8280:
8275:
8273:
8268:
8266:
8261:
8260:
8257:
8246:
8242:
8241:
8234:
8228:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
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8061:
8059:
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8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7915:
7913:
7909:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7894:
7892:
7888:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7773:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7756:
7752:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7627:Holbæk Priory
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
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4203:frayba.org.mx
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4186:Tierney (1997
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3932:Rubiés (2007)
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3898:Wynter (1984a
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3580:Ex Post Facto
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3520:Las Casas in
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3359:Minahane 2014
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2640:Wynter (1984a
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2071:commemoration
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2020:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:Sylvia Wynter
2005:
2004:Benjamin Keen
2001:
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1735:
1732:Cover of the
1730:
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1636:Cover of the
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1554:conquistadors
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1426:conquistadors
1423:
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1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1335:confesionario
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:Julián Garcés
1299:
1295:
1290:
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1060:Sublimis Deus
1057:
1053:
1052:Pope Paul III
1049:
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1021:
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947:
943:
939:
936:
932:
931:Santo Domingo
922:
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911:
910:pearl fishers
906:
904:
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895:
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715:passed on to
714:
709:
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703:
699:
698:Diego de Deza
695:
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678:
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568:Santo Domingo
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137:30 March 1554
136:
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119:
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111:Other post(s)
109:
105:
101:
98:13 March 1544
97:
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87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
64:
59:
55:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
9149:Encomenderos
9018:
9012:
8967:South Africa
8824:Treaties and
8696:Philippines
8648:Governmental
8470:
8399:Amazon Watch
8374:in Australia
8335:in Australia
8236:
7737:Weesen Abbey
7460:Santa Sabina
7301:Rose of Lima
7144:Rose Thering
7063:Rose Thering
7023:Bede Jarrett
6982:Rose of Lima
6639:Rose of Lima
6335:John Sproten
6255:Raphael Riva
6205:Richard Payl
6035:Thomas Grace
5945:Giulio Doffi
5884:
5412:Fra Angelico
5307:
5276:
5265:
5249:
5211:(in Spanish)
5192:
5188:
5179:
5175:
5162:
5152:
5143:
5112:
5092:
5088:
5058:
5049:
5040:
5032:the original
5027:
5023:
4978:
4972:
4947:
4918:
4914:
4893:
4857:
4844:
4840:
4833:
4807:
4803:
4771:
4747:
4738:
4729:
4726:Hanke, Lewis
4692:
4683:
4679:
4643:
4606:
4565:
4505:
4501:
4470:
4459:the original
4438:
4434:
4396:
4368:
4364:
4333:
4303:
4286:
4254:
4242:. Retrieved
4228:
4220:
4215:
4207:the original
4202:
4193:
4181:
4169:. Retrieved
4165:the original
4160:
4151:
4119:
4112:
4100:. Retrieved
4096:
4087:
4068:
4043:
4039:
4032:
4007:
4003:
3993:
3952:
3949:The Americas
3948:
3938:
3927:
3916:
3905:
3893:
3881:
3872:
3863:
3857:Comas (1971)
3852:
3840:
3828:
3816:
3804:
3792:
3780:
3772:
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3720:
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3614:
3608:
3596:
3583:
3579:
3569:
3559:
3552:
3540:
3529:
3516:
3504:. Retrieved
3489:
3482:
3463:
3457:
3445:
3433:
3421:
3409:
3397:
3385:
3373:
3364:
3355:
3334:
3325:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3282:Losada (1971
3277:
3265:
3253:
3241:
3229:
3217:
3188:. Retrieved
3182:
3150:
3143:
3131:
3119:
3107:
3095:
3083:
3071:
3059:
3047:
3035:
3023:
3011:
2999:
2987:
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2951:
2939:
2927:
2915:
2903:
2891:
2879:
2867:
2855:
2843:
2834:
2825:
2814:
2802:
2795:Friede (1971
2790:
2778:
2763:
2751:
2739:
2727:
2715:
2703:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2663:
2659:
2647:
2635:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2599:
2592:Orique (2017
2587:
2575:
2563:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2520:
2501:
2495:
2483:
2471:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2415:
2406:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2366:
2358:
2353:
2341:. Retrieved
2337:
2327:
2304:
2298:
2287:
2269:
2264:
2256:
2251:
2238:
2211:Spain portal
2146:
2139:
2133:
2095:
2087:canonization
2044:
2022:
2018:
2016:
1996:David Walker
1987:
1984:
1968:
1959:
1935:
1912:White Legend
1909:
1897:Black Legend
1884:
1878:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1799:anthropology
1795:
1774:Guanahatabey
1762:ethnographic
1757:
1753:
1741:
1739:
1733:
1722:
1709:
1693:Black Legend
1690:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1620:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1572:
1570:
1547:
1523:
1521:
1498:
1469:
1461:missionaries
1441:human rights
1434:
1411:
1404:
1394:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1365:
1333:
1285:
1247:
1240:Pedro Torres
1217:
1152:
1150:
1142:
1122:
1111:The New Laws
1097:Alta Verapaz
1065:
1058:
1047:
1029:
1012:with Bishop
953:
946:Puerto Plata
928:
907:
897:Arriving in
896:
875:Tierra Firme
852:
808:
796:
766:
756:
736:
710:
686:
654:
645:Guanahatabey
614:
561:
542:
532:
522:' return to
515:
513:
504:
498:
494:
483:
477:
459:
431:canonization
428:
424:
411:encomenderos
409:
397:
395:
372:
361:
358:
349:
343:
247:
246:
213:Denomination
134:Consecration
36:
9104:1566 deaths
9099:1484 births
9059:Catholicism
8979:Rubber boom
8962:New Zealand
8494:Colonialism
8320:Land rights
7697:Sligo Abbey
7180:Yves Congar
7154:Rose Whitty
6967:Pope Pius V
6947:John Macias
6876:Pope Pius V
6659:Simone Weil
6543:Juan Solano
6492:Buzád Hahót
6482:Luis Cancer
6431:Yves Congar
6405:Pedro Xague
6340:Luigi Suppa
6330:Juan Solano
6055:John Howden
5970:Georg Fabri
5850:James Burke
5517:Buzád Hahót
5195:(3): 46–55.
5182:(2): 25–32.
5061:. Berkeley.
4921:(1): 1–24.
4573:. pp.
4338:Verso Books
3833:Comas (1971
3809:Comas (1971
3797:Comas (1971
3785:Comas (1971
3769:Comas (1971
3655:Hanke (1951
3641:, cited in
3637:Las Casas,
3416:, ch. XVII)
3190:29 February
2389:(6): 1532.
2343:18 February
2121:Samuel Ruiz
2106:Augustinian
1905:Catholicism
1869:Felix Parra
1699:during the
1604:consoled."
1481:Philippines
1445:reducciones
1422:Lewis Hanke
1300:and Bishop
1289:Mexico City
1188:Puerto Rico
1126:Theologians
899:Puerto Rico
759:Hieronymite
747:Hieronymite
692:lay ill in
418:, in which
205:Nationality
9093:Categories
8949:Oka Crisis
8632:Two-spirit
8357:ecological
8287:Indigenous
7053:Lea Ráskay
6987:Peter Sanz
6820:Lea Ráskay
6649:Henry Suso
6538:Peter Sanz
6512:Peter Sanz
6310:Peter Sanz
6220:Paolo Pico
5602:Henry Suso
4540:2008009151
4275:References
4244:12 October
4040:Itinerario
3886:Keen (1971
3821:Keen (1971
3754:Keen (1971
3742:Keen (1971
3601:Keen (1969
2549:(3): 407.
2246::119–120).
2113:ecumenical
2063:remembered
2017:A growing
2000:John Fiske
1954:See also:
1950:Criticisms
1928:monomaniac
1901:Protestant
1778:apologetic
1772:, and the
1678:Hispaniola
1513:Nochistlán
1373:Mixtón War
1271:Guatemala
1268:absolution
1180:Hispaniola
970:Enriquillo
803:Valladolid
779:mortal sin
650:Cienfuegos
589:encomienda
576:confession
535:Hispaniola
505:licentiate
464:Protestant
398:encomienda
363:encomienda
328:Hispaniola
227:Encomienda
223:Occupation
126:Ordination
103:Term ended
9047:Biography
8600:Rancherie
8595:Ranchería
8570:Bantustan
8511:Biopiracy
8340:in Canada
6115:Juan Lópe
5067:cite book
4995:0018-2168
4956:0732-6750
4935:159905806
4881:421424974
4795:421424974
4667:421424974
4630:421424974
4593:421424974
4548:750831024
4455:145420134
4385:162314664
4322:246823100
4188::272–274)
4060:162744994
4016:0707-5332
3985:144324584
3969:0003-1615
3835::502–504)
3799::524–525)
3787::520–521)
3645::203–204)
3590:: 95–104.
3440::222–224)
3428::186–188)
3392::191–192)
3380::183–184)
3320::181–182)
3296::178–179)
3284::285–300)
3272::174–176)
3260::170–174)
3236::104–105)
3090::109–113)
3078::106–107)
3066::105–106)
2797::165–166)
2403:1478-0542
2280:Citations
2230:Footnotes
2123:in 1989.
1944:Salamanca
1707:in 1659.
1697:Barcelona
1578:Sepúlveda
1539:sacrament
1453:New Spain
1437:Philip II
1399:Canaanite
1322:Guatemala
1314:Michoacán
1200:New Spain
1165:, Bishop
1132:, led by
1130:Salamanca
1077:Sacapulas
998:Guatemala
990:Nicaragua
935:Dominican
903:Audiencia
859:Venezuela
694:Plasencia
665:Pentecost
564:Dominican
559:in 1507.
544:hacendado
509:Salamanca
391:Guatemala
375:Venezuela
368:Charles V
332:Dominican
234:Signature
95:Installed
18:Las Casas
8560:Homeland
8471:more ...
8325:Language
5238:LibriVox
5135:62090786
5117:ABC-CLIO
5111:(2005).
4964:45129656
4891:(1909).
4728:(1951).
4715:37884790
4697:ABC-CLIO
4563:(eds.).
4492:(2008).
4419:36130668
4356:40130171
4332:(1997).
4285:(1786).
4262:Archived
4238:Archived
4161:La Croix
4143:45248363
4102:27 March
4076:Archived
4024:41220110
3977:30139119
3506:July 16,
3006::98–100)
2555:26225794
2257:Historia
2155:See also
2041:, Spain.
1926:" and a
1924:paranoic
1895:as the "
1790:Egyptian
1613:Memorial
1283:(1544).
1175:New Laws
1167:Fuenleal
767:memorial
743:Just War
729:Flanders
633:Camagüey
584:genocide
500:converso
402:New Laws
311:Spanish:
141:O.R.S.A.
75:Province
9033:Portals
8731:Taiwan
8706:Russia
8686:Mexico
8676:Canada
8666:Brazil
8533:Redface
8362:medical
7911:Schools
5227:at the
5011:1752092
5003:2514372
4906:2683160
4863:279–309
4824:2511162
4612:127–234
4575:487–539
4500:(ed.).
4295:2414115
3900::25–26)
3823::44–47)
3756::50–52)
3744::46–48)
3657::88–89)
3126::16–17)
3042::94–95)
3030::86–93)
2982::79–84)
2970::74–78)
2958::70–72)
2922::63–66)
2910::60–62)
2898::46–49)
2886::38–45)
2874::35–38)
2850::25–30)
2746::15–17)
2722::13–15)
2698::11–13)
2642::29–30)
2527::34–35)
2102:Thomist
2098:liberty
2075:20 July
2069:with a
2065:in the
2047:Chiapas
2039:Seville
2012:Jamaica
1770:Ciboney
1746:Spanish
1657:Seville
1649:Spanish
1543:baptism
1369:treason
1262:. In a
1248:Arbanum
1238:, with
1224:diocese
1220:Chiapas
1196:Viceroy
1192:Jamaica
1089:Atitlán
1085:Verapaz
1073:Rabinal
994:Granada
942:Thomist
914:Cubagua
867:Cubagua
761:monks,
713:Castile
641:Ciboney
619:'s and
570:led by
524:Seville
491:Seville
480:Seville
466:faith:
433:in the
406:Chiapas
208:Spanish
200:, Spain
163:Seville
89:Chiapas
9083:Mexico
8957:Canada
8872:2024:
8866:2023:
8860:2018:
8850:2010:
8844:2007:
8838:1992:
8832:1989:
8803:bodies
8758:bodies
8650:bodies
8482:Issues
8298:Rights
5321:, O.P.
5133:
5123:
5009:
5001:
4993:
4962:
4954:
4933:
4904:
4879:
4869:
4822:
4793:
4783:
4777:67–126
4754:
4713:
4703:
4665:
4655:
4649:67–126
4628:
4618:
4591:
4581:
4546:
4538:
4528:
4478:
4453:
4417:
4407:
4383:
4354:
4344:
4320:
4310:
4293:
4171:6 July
4141:
4131:
4058:
4022:
4014:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3773:passim
3671:vol. 1
3621:
3497:
3470:
3308::1977)
3158:
2758::7–10)
2686:online
2553:
2508:
2436:passim
2401:
2315:
2019:corpus
1940:Alcalá
1892:Oviedo
1859:Legacy
1768:, the
1507:noble
1330:Oaxaca
1306:Puebla
1298:Mexico
1250:, and
1228:Loaysa
1190:, and
1161:, the
1138:dictum
1101:Mexico
1079:, and
1036:Mexico
1032:Oaxaca
986:Panama
918:Caribs
891:ducats
863:Cumaná
832:Cumaná
757:Three
733:Madrid
688:1515,
661:Sirach
637:Hatuey
629:Bayamo
495:Casaus
302:lahss
198:Madrid
190:Buried
180:Madrid
121:Orders
9071:Spain
8779:WIPO
6390:Vitas
6230:Ponsa
5085:(PDF)
4999:JSTOR
4960:JSTOR
4931:S2CID
4839:From
4820:JSTOR
4496:. In
4462:(PDF)
4451:S2CID
4431:(PDF)
4381:S2CID
4056:S2CID
4020:JSTOR
3981:S2CID
3973:JSTOR
3847::245)
3811::515)
3686:vol.5
3683:vol.4
3679:vol.3
3675:vol.2
3603::712)
3452::113)
3248::106)
3224::133)
3212::103)
3114::101)
3054::103)
2785::136)
2670::146)
2630::8–9)
2551:JSTOR
2466::1–3)
2451::162)
2447:e.g.
2422::385)
2359:Negro
2225:Notes
1786:Greek
1782:Roman
1766:Taíno
1592:Works
1511:from
1505:Nahua
1477:Chile
1430:Spain
1105:Spain
1081:Cobán
966:Taíno
950:prior
938:friar
883:Genoa
609:Taíno
553:Taíno
549:Cibao
306:-səss
184:Spain
8741:USA
8289:and
5131:OCLC
5121:ISBN
5073:link
5007:OCLC
4991:ISSN
4952:ISSN
4948:INTI
4902:OCLC
4877:OCLC
4867:ISBN
4791:OCLC
4781:ISBN
4752:ISBN
4711:OCLC
4701:ISBN
4663:OCLC
4653:ISBN
4626:OCLC
4616:ISBN
4589:OCLC
4579:ISBN
4544:OCLC
4536:LCCN
4526:ISBN
4476:ISBN
4415:OCLC
4405:ISBN
4352:OCLC
4342:ISBN
4318:OCLC
4308:ISBN
4291:OCLC
4246:2013
4173:2020
4139:OCLC
4129:ISBN
4104:2021
4012:ISSN
3965:ISSN
3888::39)
3619:ISBN
3547::45)
3524::14)
3508:2018
3495:ISBN
3468:ISBN
3192:2016
3156:ISBN
3138::99)
3102::96)
3018::89)
2994::85)
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