36:
253:, continuing to work on multicultural issues. However, Gule's research interests have moved in the direction of extremism after the terrorist attacks in Oslo and at Utøya on 22 July 2011, and from the fall semester of 2015 he is contributing to the teaching of a 15 ECT credit course called "Knowledge on Extremism and Radicalisation" (in Norwegian).
499:(Arbeidernes kommunistparti (AKP (m–l)) He is also frequently used as a commentator and debater on radio and television on matters related to the Middle East, Islam, religion and cultural conflicts. In the public debate as well as in his academic work, Gule tries to present a consistent defence of human rights.
460:'s student group, and was briefly leader of the organization at the University of Bergen (1984), but has not since been active in the Workers' Youth League (or Labour Party). He is currently a politically independent, though his social views and positions in the public debate places him on the "left".
502:
Throughout his term as secretary general of the NHA, Gule also focused on the critique of religion. Although he also criticized
Christianity, he has been a particularly critical of Islam. However, Gule rejects and is sharply criticizes what he perceives as a simplified, erroneous and / or exaggerated
291:
At the security check in Beirut
International Airport on 6 May when Gule was about to leave Lebanon, a security officers found approximately 750 grams of plastic explosives hidden in the covers of books Gule had in his backpack. He was eventually handed over to the Lebanese intelligence service
282:
or outside an apartment complex with gas containers outside in what was referred to as a "bourgeois neighbourhood"." Gule has argued that he rejected these targets as he was sceptical of what could be regarded as terrorism. "The suspect had made it known to his employers that he did not want to take
518:
Since 2007, Gule has studied a legal process in which he argues that there has been a miscarriage of justice. The case is about a
Bangladeshi man (and former colleague of Gule), who is alleged to have abused his Bangladeshi wife seriously, including by hanging her up by the feet, four times. In his
365:
In the 2000s, Gule was invited to a
Humanist conference in the USA, but was told by the embassy in Oslo that he would not be allowed to enter the country, due to his previous conviction in Lebanon. In January 2023, it became public knowledge that he is on the FBI's secret list of people who may not
335:
and started working there on 1 July. He served in this capacity until 9 December 2005. The immediate resignation came as a result of a disagreement with the
Executive Board on an organizational questions. But his departure from the position only meant that his resignation from the fixed term of six
397:
Because of what Gule calls a radical anti-imperialist commitment, he became involved in the
Palestinian struggle for liberation in 1977 and agreed to participate in an armed attack against Israel. This choice came after a long process that involved a break with a previous non-violent revolutionary
353:
years. Gule emphasized the equality of all life stances – religious and secular – and promoted human rights during his period. He contributed frequently to the media and participated in public debate. He was often controversial, not least with his criticism of fundamentalist Islam. Yet he defended
306:
The case attracted great attention in
Norwegian media in the summer of 1977, and when Gule was released from prison and returned to Norway in November 1977, he was questioned by the Norwegian police. The attorney general, however, chose to react with a waiver, even though he repeated his statement
287:
was guidance officer for Gule. As it was not possible to travel directly from
Lebanon to Israel, Gule was to travel back to Norway where he was to procure a new passport (without Arab visas) before he went on to Israel after a few weeks, during the time he would consider if he could participate in
261:
In
January 1977 Gule travelled from Norway on a trip that was supposed to take him through much of the Middle East. The first goal was Lebanon, where most people believed the situation was beginning to normalize after one and half years of civil war. Gule sympathised with the Palestinian cause and
510:
Gule is still a strong critic of Israel, which he characterizes as a racist state. He also rejects that strong and fundamental criticism of Israel would be a form of antisemitism. He is currently involved in the
Norwegian branch of the international BDS Movement and works for a boycott against
283:
human life. The purpose of the explosion was to mark the 10th anniversary of the war in 1967, strengthen the Palestinians' fighting spirit and morale", he said later during interrogation to the Norwegian police. He did not succeed in engaging the DFLP in a discussion on a more symbolic target.
205:
In 1987 he administered the Middle Eastern Languages and Culture subject as well as The Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, both at the University of Bergen. In 1989, he was associated with the Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) human rights programme as a PhD student and
361:
In the work of a professional historian on the history of the Norwegian Humanist Association, Gule is considered a distinctive ideological leader of the organization. He also emphasized Gule's commitment to human rights during his period as secretary general.
358:. This option dissolves the apparent contradiction between fundamental rights – religious freedom and the right not to be discriminated against. This is why the state should not intervene in the internal affairs of religious communities, in Gule's opinion.
523:(The fourth suspension. The story of a miscarriage of justice foretold and a study of the actors's professional responsibility) from 2010, the investigation, the experts' statements, the sentences and the role of the press are all reviewed in detail.
249:, with professional practice in multicultural society. The post doctor fellowship ended in August 2013. From November the same year he obtained a full-time position as associate professor at the same university college, now a full university
526:
After the terrorist attacks in Norway 22 July 2011, Gule has been interviewed and cited by both Norwegian and international media as a commentator on extremism, terrorism and multicultural issues, especially since he had "discussed" with
354:
the religious freedom of Muslims and the right to be a Muslim in Norway. Controversial was his statements about faith communities' right to discriminate, including women and gays, because those who feel discriminated against have an
324:. In 1989, he became associated with the Chr. Michelsen Institute Human Rights Programme as a PhD student. He later returned to the University of Bergen (Centre for Development Studies) as coordinator of the research programme
230:
479:(1986) was entitled "Adlyd Gud og de med autoritet blant dere" (Obey God, and those with authority among you) and was a study of classical Islamic and modern Arab political thought. This led to an interest in
269:
The DFLP asked Gule to carry out an armed operation in Israel in early June 1977. Gule has explained that the DFLP proposed three targets for him: a bomb could be placed either be in a pedestrian underpass in
402:
earlier in the 1970s. This happened because of a growing conviction that the imperialist and reactionary forces in the world could not be overthrown without the use of violence. The US-backed coup against
319:
in 1978. Then, after completing an MA in philosophy, he administered the programme Middle Eastern Languages and Culture as well as The Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, both at the
490:
Gule often participates in the public debate through newspaper articles and online debates, where he is particularly critical of totalitarian ideologies and religions. Therefore, he supported Professor
266:(DFLP), a Palestinian political party and terror group. Gule has denied that it was his intention to participate in terrorism and describes his involvement as part of the "anti-imperialist" struggle.
229:, and in August 2007 he moved to a position as associate professor (following the closure of Sefia) related to the fields of multicultural understanding and development studies at the
275:
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Social Development and Political Progress in Two Traditions – A Comparative and Conceptual Analysis of Western and Arab-Islamic Ideas of Social and Political Improvement
366:
be on planes going to the United States, or flying over the country's territory. Lars Gule then stated that it has never been relevant for him to travel to the USA.
844:
1214:
1373:
714:"Hate and Identity. A social philosophical attempt to understand extremism", FLEKS - Scandinavian Journal of Intercultural Theory and Practice, 6(1), 5-23.
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in 1979). In the article "Some critical considerations of the Marxist class struggle theory", he delivered a theoretical critique of the Marxist theory of
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Gule was till then the secretary general who had been in the position for the second longest time in the history of the Norwegian Humanist Association,
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and a fine for the "illegal possession of weapons" (i.e. explosives). He was acquitted of attempting to carry out terrorist acts using explosives.
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in the early 1970s, Gule participated the public debate. For a period he was active in Sosialistisk Valgforbunds Ungdom (which later became the
777:
355:
242:
700:«Hvorfor reiser nordmenn til Syria for å kjempe? - om norsk salafi-jihadisme», in: Øystein Sørensen, Bernt Hagtvet and Nik. Brandal (eds.),
561:«Politivold, forskning og rettssikkerhet: noen vitenskapsteoretiske og forskningsetiske utdypninger», in: Lars Gule og Preben Falck (edd.),
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225:(see below). From February 2006 he was Programme Director at the Center for Multicultural and International Work (Sefia) (discontinued) at
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1464:
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987:, pp. 613–615. Tveit's account is based on newspaper reports, police reports, interviews with Gule and Gule's own notes from jail.
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in his luggage intended for Israeli targets leading to a six-month conviction and subsequent deportation. He remains active as a
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that Gule has pursued since. This is reflected in several articles and is also a central theme in his doctoral dissertation.
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such an operation. He received a plane ticket to Europe and $ 1,300 (US) from the DFLP, to cover the other travel expenses.
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and after harsh interrogations, Gule confessed to his cooperation with the DFLP. Gule has explained how he was exposed to
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A Conceptual and Comparative Analysis of Western and Arab-Islamic Ideas of Social and Political Change and Improvement.
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707:«Etiske utfordringer i ekstremismeforskningen i Norge», i Vidar Enebakk, Helene Ingierd and Nils Olav Refsdal (eds.),
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position Gule had advocated, among other things, as a member of Folkereisning mot krig, the Norwegian branch of
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Gule: – Vi trenger et oppgjør med Breiviks «helter» – VG Nett om Terrorangrepet 22. juli – Politikk og samfunn
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778:"Han ble tatt med sprengstoff på vei til militant aksjon i Israel. Nå skriver han bok om norske islamister"
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Politivold, forskning og rettssikkerhet: et menneskerettslig søkelys på politivoldskomplekset i Bergen
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https://www.academia.edu/38174367/Noen_kritiske_betraktninger_over_den_marxistiske_klassekampteorien
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Den fjerde opphengingen. Beretningen om et varslet justismord og en profesjonsstudie av aktøransvar
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Den fjerde opphengingen. Beretningen om et varslet justismord og en profesjonsstudie av aktøransvar
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Den fjerde opphengingen. Beretningen om et varslet justismord og en profesjonsstudie av aktøransvar
379:
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686:«Venstreekstremisme og terrorisme», in: Øystein Sørensen, Bernt Hagtvet and Nik. Brandal (eds.),
646:«Religionskritikk og folkeskikk. Om begrepene respekt og toleranse», in: Didrik Søderlind (ed.),
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in philosophy (doctor artium) at the same university in 2003 when he defended the dissertation
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Cf. report written by police officer Nils Drolsum, 8.11. 1977, cited by Odd Karsten Tveit in
693:"Ibn Khaldun – Law and Justice in the Science of Civilisation", in: Guttorm Fløistad (ed.),
457:
245:. From January 2010 he became a full-time post doctor research fellow at the SPS and worked,
1409:
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https://www.nrk.no/norge/hemmelig-liste-lekket_-nordmennene-som-usa-nekter-a-fly-1.16267762
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and from "the left's romance with violence" (including a writing a self-criticism in
122:(born 24 June 1955) is a Norwegian philosopher. He has graduated with a doctorate in
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The most comprehensive presentation of Gule's actions in Lebanon are in Tveit book,
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660:«Profesjon og flerkulturalitet», in: Anders Molander and Lars Inge Terum (eds.),
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386:(SV), but he was never a member of the Marxist–Leninist-Maoist SUF (m–l) (later
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616:«Statens verdigrunnlag i et pluralistisk samfunn», in: Didrik Søderlind (ed.),
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138:. Gule became known to the general public in 1977 when after having joined the
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876:"Norway's first international terrorist", interview with Terje Emberland in
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about having begun what could be construed as planning a bombing in Israel.
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679:«Ibn Khaldun - vitenskapen om sivilisasjonene», in Jørgen Pedersen (ed.),
602:«Islam og religionskritikk». Forord til den norske utgaven av Ibn Warraq,
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540:«Noen kritiske betraktninger over den marxistiske klassekampteorien»,
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430:. Through this work Gule came to distance himself from Marxism as
901:, page 620 (in Norwegian). See also the afterword in Gule's book
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From July 2000 to December 2005 he was secretary general of the
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Roar Johansen: En generalsekretærs avgang – svar til Lars Gule
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554:«Økologi og økonomi», i Gjerdåker, Gule and Hagtvet (eds.),
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Social Development and Political Progress in Two Traditions
59:
35:
1354:. Klassekampen.no (21 July 2011). Retrieved on 2012-08-25.
556:
Den uoverstigelige grense: tanke og handling i miljøkampen
1335:. Aftenposten.no (25 July 2011). Retrieved on 2012-08-25.
1144:. Dagbladet.no (11 August 2003). Retrieved on 2012-08-25.
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Mennesker og rettigheter, Nordic Journal for Human Rights
1116:
https://www.larsgule.no/2016/12/25/terrorist-ekstremist/
907:
https://www.larsgule.no/2016/12/25/terrorist-ekstremist/
709:
De berørte etter 22. juli. Forskningsetiske perspektiver
648:
Verdier og verdighet. Tanker om det humanistiske livssyn
1297:
Jeg vet ikke hvor hun har disse utrolige historiene fra
331:
In 2000 Gule was appointed to secretary general of the
311:
Secretary general of the Norwegian Humanist Association
1045:. Fritanke.no (14 June 2006). Retrieved on 2012-08-25.
653:«Sexsalg, sexkjøp og autonomi», in: Liv Jessen (ed.),
761:
134:). From 2000 to 2005 he was secretary general of the
1311:. BBC News (25 July 2011). Retrieved on 2012-08-25.
1054:Expressed for example in an article in the journal
609:«Betingelser og begrensninger for livssynsfrihet»,
471:in 1977 has followed Gule through his studies. His
411:in 1973, was highly important in this development.
845:"HiOA - Kunnskap om ekstremisme og radikalisering"
315:Back in Norway Gule began studying history at the
177:
1333:Ekstreme holdninger må frem i lyset – Aftenposten
1323:. Vg.no (1 August 2011). Retrieved on 2012-08-25.
1176:(The Misery of Islam), Klassekampen (2008.11.11).
953:– Interview with Lars Gule in paragraphs 1, 2006.
231:Department of Education and International Studies
210:. He later returned to the University of Bergen (
1401:
655:Det ideelle offer. Andre tekster om prostitusjon
264:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine
681:Politisk filosofi. Fra Platon til Hannah Arendt
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1157:(Islam and modernity), Abstrakt forlag, 2006,
1072:Livet før døden. Human-Etisk Forbund 1956–2006
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629:«Niqabens paradoksale umulighet», MaiA 4 2006
697:. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2015
374:As early as at high school in his home town
1345:Klassekampen : – Gjødsler ekstremismen
825:Utvikling som fruktbar og nødvendig metafor
823:For more on the content of the thesis, see
790:
674:Ekstremismens kjennetegn. Ansvar og motsvar
299:Gule was sentenced to six months prison in
214:) as coordinator of the research programme
162:as an authority on questions regarding the
863:
382:) and Sosialistisk Valgforbund, later the
34:
1430:Academic staff of Oslo University College
503:representations of a threat from Islam –
394:(Arbeidernes kommunistparti (AKP (m–l)).
1309:Today – Breivik's ideas 'shared by many'
639:«Islam og det moderne – en refleksjon»,
534:
105:Social commentator, anti-Israel activist
688:Venstreekstremisme. Ideer og bevegelser
1475:People imprisoned on terrorism charges
1402:
582:«Trosfrihet i den muslimske verden»,
369:
467:that was ignited during his stay in
235:Oslo and Akershus University College
95:Oslo and Akershus University College
1450:21st-century Norwegian philosophers
1445:20th-century Norwegian philosophers
966:(an anarchist journal) No. 2, 1978.
239:Centre for the Study of Professions
113:HiOA Communicator of the Year, 2015
13:
1470:Prisoners and detainees of Lebanon
1465:Norwegian people imprisoned abroad
716:https://doi.org/10.7577/fleks.3307
14:
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1360:
1275:Av Arvid Bryne (1 October 2010).
1185:See for example his criticism of
1110:See the afterword in Gule's book
1027:aspx “En generalsekretærs avgang”
786:(in Norwegian). 28 November 2014.
575:«Hvor går toleransens grenser?»,
547:«Islam og menneskerettighetene»,
442:as a necessity for the Communist
336:years was advanced a few months.
1455:20th-century Norwegian criminals
1217:, Klassekampen (19 August 2006).
1215:“Israel, rasisme og vårt ansvar”
643:, Internet edition (17.09. 2007)
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1114:, Abstrakt 2012, available at
905:, Abstrakt 2012, available at
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834:. uib.no(2003) (in Norwegian).
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762:Thoresen, Knut Flovik (2019).
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749:"Lars Gule er årets formidler"
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702:Islamisme: Ideologi og trussel
333:Norwegian Humanist Association
223:Norwegian Humanist Association
212:Centre for Development Studies
136:Norwegian Humanist Association
1:
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595:«Retten til å diskriminere»,
570:Forum for Development Studies
241:(SPS) in a 50% position as a
1205:, Dagbladet (11 March 2007).
1090:Aftenposten 20. februar 2009
531:on the website Document.no.
257:Travel to Lebanon and prison
142:group, Gule was arrested in
132:Oslo Metropolitan University
7:
1425:University of Bergen alumni
1264:“Dømd på tvilsamt grunnlag”
1227:“Israel og antisemittismen”
1129:No 1, 1983, available from
400:War Resisters International
182:Lars Gule studied history,
10:
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1262:Lars Gule (11 April 2008)
604:Hvorfor jeg ikke er muslim
449:He became a member of the
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1380:Secretary General of the
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1295:Espen Røst (2010/09/30).
1142:Ærlig talt, AKP! – Kultur
1074:, Humanist forlag, 2006,
979:, Cappelen forlag, 1996,
934:, Cappelen forlag, 1996,
893:, Cappelen forlag, 1996,
326:Nature, Society and Water
216:Nature, Society and Water
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1460:Norwegian male criminals
1112:Ekstremismens kjennetegn
903:Ekstremismens kjennetegn
766:. Historie & Kultur.
497:Workers' Communist Party
392:Workers' Communist Party
158:. Gule is often used by
618:Farvel til statskirken?
568:«Islam and Democracy»,
414:When Gule began at the
262:became involved in the
227:Oslo University College
1282:2 October 2010 at the
1277:“Elendig politiarbeid”
632:«Humanisme og islam»,
529:Anders Behring Breivik
930:Odd Karsten Tveit in
813:(in Norwegian). 2015.
695:Philosophy of Justice
535:Selected bibliography
454:Workers' Youth League
407:'s government in the
16:Norwegian philosopher
1350:7 September 2012 at
1155:Islam og det moderne
830:4 March 2016 at the
624:Islam og det moderne
463:The interest in the
416:University of Bergen
384:Socialist Left Party
322:University of Bergen
317:University of Bergen
192:University of Bergen
156:anti-Israel activist
85:University of Bergen
1440:Norwegian activists
1420:Norwegian humanists
1374:Tove Beate Pedersen
1246:, 2010 (614 sider)
1174:“Islams elendighet”
996:Odd Karsten Tveit,
975:Odd Karsten Tveit,
917:Odd Karsten Tveit,
634:Religion og livssyn
611:Religion og livssyn
128:associate professor
25:Associate Professor
1435:People from Larvik
1191:“Hagens islamhets”
428:mode of production
370:Social commentator
1398:
1397:
1389:Succeeded by
1252:978-82-90477-47-4
1233:(17 August 2006).
1163:978-82-7935-186-3
662:Profesjonsstudier
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1410:1955 births
1017:no. 1, 1992
735:"Lars Gule"
599:nr. 3, 2003
579:nr. 2, 1996
465:Middle East
356:exit option
243:post doctor
164:Middle East
71:Nationality
1404:Categories
1386:2000–2005
1153:Lars Gule,
880:No. 1 1992
722:References
572:nr 2, 1992
477:philosophy
444:revolution
388:Rød Ungdom
247:inter alia
184:philosophy
124:philosophy
49:1955-06-24
1031:Fri Tanke
1000:, p. 617.
964:Gateavisa
921:, p. 622.
783:Dagbladet
436:Dagbladet
424:communism
420:Karl Marx
280:Jerusalem
274:, in the
172:extremism
120:Lars Gule
75:Norwegian
28:Lars Gule
1348:Archived
1280:Archived
1197:'s book
1056:Samtiden
1015:Humanist
878:Humanist
828:Archived
704:, 2016).
597:Samtiden
577:Samtiden
549:Humanist
432:ideology
272:Tel Aviv
91:Employer
1127:Ariadne
855:6 April
711:, 2016.
690:, 2013.
683:, 2013.
641:Minerva
544:1, 1983
542:Ariadne
469:Lebanon
348:⁄
301:Lebanon
294:torture
251:OsloMet
190:at the
148:Lebanon
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1161:
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983:
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676:, 2012
670:, 2010
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626:, 2006
620:, 2005
613:, 3/04
606:, 2003
592:, 2003
565:, 1991
558:, 1991
551:, 2–88
513:Israel
456:, the
376:Larvik
152:Semtex
144:Beirut
110:Awards
97:(HiOA)
64:Norway
519:book
481:Islam
426:as a
409:Chile
390:) or
168:Islam
150:with
1248:ISBN
1242:See
1159:ISBN
1076:ISBN
981:ISBN
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857:2015
483:and
186:and
170:and
140:DFLP
130:(at
60:Oslo
43:Born
475:in
278:in
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