74:—to government-owned collective farms; it has also, in other times and places, referred to the exact opposite: division of government-owned collective farms into smallholdings. The common characteristic of all land reforms is modification or replacement of existing institutional arrangements governing possession and use of land. Thus, while land reform may be radical in nature, such as through large-scale transfers of land from one group to another, it can also be less dramatic, such as regulatory reforms aimed at improving land administration.
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many countries in Africa with conflicting land laws, AIDS stigmatization has led to an increasing number of AIDS widows being kicked off marital land by in-laws. While the woman may have both customary and statutory rights to the land, confusion over which set of laws has primacy, or even a lack of knowledge of relevant laws, leave many AIDS widows at a significant disadvantage. Also, conflicting formal and informal land laws can also clog a country's legal system, making it prone to corruption.
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in colonized states, a colonial government may have changed the laws dictating land ownership to better consolidate political power or to support its colonial economy. In more recent times, electoral mobilization and the use of land as a patronage resource have been proposed as possible motivations for land reform efforts, such as the extensive redistributive land reforms of Robert Mugabe in
Zimbabwe.
1054:, or through what is known as land tenure. Historically, in many parts of Africa for example, land was not owned by an individual, but rather used by an extended family or a village community. Different people in a family or community had different rights to access this land for different purposes and at different times. Such rights were often conveyed through oral history and not formally documented.
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Other arguments in support of land reform point to the need to alleviate conflicting land laws, particularly in former colonies, where formal and informal land systems may exist in tension with each other. Such conflicts can make marginalized groups vulnerable to further exploitation. For example, in
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Many of the arguments in support of land reform speak to its potentially positive social and economic outcomes. Yet, as mentioned previously, land reform is an intensely political process. Thus, many of those opposed to land reform are nervous as to the underlying motivations of those initiating the
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Land reform is a deeply political process and therefore many arguments for and against it have emerged. These arguments vary tremendously over time and place. In the twentieth century, many land reforms emerged from a particular political ideology, such as communism or socialism. In the 19th century
77:
Nonetheless, any revision or reform of a country's land laws can still be an intensely political process, as reforming land policies serves to change relationships within and between communities, as well as between communities and the state. Thus even small-scale land reforms and legal modifications
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Other groups and individuals express concerns about land reforms focused on formalization of property rights. While the economic and social benefits of formalized land rights are often touted, some research suggests that such reforms are either ineffective or may cause further hardship or conflict.
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Many international development organizations and bilateral and multilateral donors, such as the World Bank, have embraced de Soto's ideas, or similar ideas, about the benefits of greater formalized land rights. This has translated into a number of development programs that work with governments and
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These different ideas of land ownership and tenure are sometimes referred to using different terminology. For example, "formal" or "statutory" land systems refer to ideas of land control more closely affiliated with individual land ownership. "Informal" or "customary" land systems refer to ideas of
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In looking at more radical reforms, such as large-scale land redistribution, arguments against reform include concerns that redistributed land will not be used productively and that owners of expropriated land will not be compensated adequately or compensated at all. Zimbabwe, again, is a commonly
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And the great owners, who must lose their land in an upheaval, the great owners with access to history, with eyes to read history and to know the great fact: when property accumulates in too few hands it is taken away. And that companion fact: when a majority of the people are hungry and cold they
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Land ownership and tenure can be perceived as controversial in part because ideas defining what it means to access or control land, such as through "land ownership" or "land tenure", can vary considerably across regions and even within countries. Land reforms, which change what it means to control
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in 2000. The poor, he argues, are often unable to secure formal property rights, such as land titles, to the land on which they live or farm because of poor governance, corruption and/or overly complex bureaucracies. Without land titles or other formal documentation of their land assets, they are
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of land, particularly in regards to reforms focused on greater land formalization. If improperly or inadequately implemented, critics worry that such reforms may further disadvantage marginalized groups such as indigenous communities or women. These concerns also lead to questions about the
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Batty, Fodei Joseph. "Pressures from Above, Below and Both
Directions: The Politics of Land Reform in South Africa, Brazil and Zimbabwe". Western Michigan University. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association. Chicago, Illinois. April 7–10, 2005. p. 3.
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Western conceptions of land have evolved over the past several centuries to place greater emphasis on individual land ownership, formalized through documents such as land titles. Control over land may also be perceived less in terms of individual ownership and more in terms of
1860:
Meinzen-Dick, Ruth, Markelova, Helen and Moore, Kelsey. "The Role of
Collective Action and Property Rights in Climate Change Strategies." International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2010. and Economic Commission for Africa. "Land Tenure Systems and their Impacts on
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less able to access formal credit. Political and legal reforms within countries, according to de Soto, will help to include the poor in formal legal and economic systems, increase the poor's ability to access credit and contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction.
59:, generally of agricultural land. Land reform can, therefore, refer to transfer of ownership from the more powerful to the less powerful, such as from a relatively small number of wealthy or noble owners with extensive land holdings (e.g., plantations, large ranches, or
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civil society organizations to initiate and implement land reforms. Evidence to support the economic and pro-poor benefits of increased formalized land rights are still inconclusive according to some critics (see "Arguments against land reform" below).
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Land reforms carried out in Japan, Taiwan and South Korea are credited with contributing to the industrial development. The equitable distribution of land led to increasing agricultural outputs, high rural purchasing power and social mobility.
1972:
Tettey, Wisdom, B. Gebe and K. Ansah-Koi. "The
Politics of Land and Land-related Conflicts in Ghana: A Summary." Land Policy Reform Project. Institute for Statistical, Social and Economic Research at the University of Ghana. 2008.
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reform. For example, some may fear that they will be disadvantaged or victimized as a result of the reforms. Others may fear that they will lose out in the economic and political power struggles that underlie many land reforms.
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cited example of the perils of such large-scale reforms, whereby land redistribution contributed to economic decline and increased food insecurity in the country. In cases where land reform has been enacted as part of
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institutional capacity of governments to implement land reforms as they are designed. Even if a country does have this capacity, critics worry that corruption and patrimonialism will lead to further
1976:
63:
plots) to individual ownership by those who work the land. Such transfers of ownership may be with or without compensation; compensation may vary from token amounts to the full value of the land.
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Land
Nationalisation: Its necessity and its aims: Being a comparison of the system of landlord and tenant with that of occupying ownership in their influence on the well-being of the people
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Terms dictating control over and use of land can therefore take many forms. Some specific examples of present-day or historic forms of formal and informal land ownership include:
2009:
and Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). "Land Tenure and Rural Development." FAO Land Tenure Studies No. 3. 2002. Accessed August 21, 2010. Available:
1177:, such as those that might be found in communist states, whereby government ownership of most agricultural land is combined in various ways with tenure for farming collectives.
2064:. Nov/Dec 2001. Issue 127, pp. 78–79 and Nyamu Musembi, Celestine. "De Soto and Land Relations in rural Africa: breathing life into dead theories about property rights."
1621:
Adams, Martin and J. Howell. "Redistributive Land Reform in
Southern Africa". Overseas Development Institute. DFID. Natural Resources Perspectives No. 64. January 2001.
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will take by force what they need. And the little screaming fact that sounds through all history: repression works only to strengthen and knit the repressed.
1314:. In most countries, the land in excess of certain limits (20–500 ha (49–1,236 acres), depending on the region and type of land) was expropriated; in
1205:, that may emerge from reforms focused on greater land formalization. Such benefits may include eradicating food insecurity and alleviating rural poverty.
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Rudzani Albert
Makhado and Kgabo Lawrance Masehela. (2012). Perspectives on South Africa's Land Reform Debate. Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany.
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1170:, or shares in a corporation, which owns the land (typically by fee simple or its equivalent, but possibly under other arrangements).
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land, therefore create tensions and conflicts between those who lose and those who gain from these redefinitions (see next section).
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Borras, Saturnino M. Jr. "The
Philippine Land form in Comparative Perspective: Some conceptual and Methodological Implications".
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of 1870–1909. Most all newly independent countries of
Eastern and Central Europe implemented land reforms in the aftermath of
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Agricultural labor – under which someone works the land in exchange for money, payment in kind, or some combination of the two
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2394:: An inquiry into the cause of industrial depressions and of increase of want with increase of wealth: the remedy", 1879.
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Kafmbe, Anthony Luyirika. "Access to Justice: Widows and the Institutions Regulating Succession to Property in Uganda."
2220:
Cahill, Kevin. "Who Owns Britain: The Hidden Facts Behind Landownership in the UK and Ireland", Canongate Books, 2002.
1994:"World Resources 2005 -- the Wealth of the Poor: Managing ecosystems to fight poverty | World Resources Institute"
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1784:: Boone, Catherine. "Property and Constitutional Order: Land Tenure reform and the Future of the African State."
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Boone, Catherine. "Property and Constitutional Order: Land Tenure reform and the Future of the African State."
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2081:. August 2002. and Varley, Ann. "Gender and Property Formalization: Conventional and Alternative Approaches."
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Ho, Peter. (2006). "Institutions In Transition: Land Ownership, Property Rights and Social Conflict in China
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Ambasa-Shisanya, Constance. "Widowhood in the Era of HIV/AIDS: A Case Study of the Slaya District, Kenya."
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Global Food Security and Sovereignty Threatened by Corporate and Government “Land Grabs” in Poor Countries
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Cahill, Kevin. "Who Owns The World: The Hidden Facts Behind Landownership", Mainstream Publishing, 2006,
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Arguments in support of land reform focus on its potential social and economic benefits, particularly in
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1847:
Boone, Catherine and N. Kriger. "Multiparty elections and land patronage: Zimbabwe and Cote d'Ivoire."
1252:, through either formal or informal means, then those that use the land will be better stewards of it.
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World Bank. "Regional Study on Land Administration, Land Markets, and Collateralized Lending." 2003.
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Drimie, Scott. "The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Land: Case Studies from Kenya, Lesotho and South Africa."
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1991:
World Resources Institute. "The Wealth of the Poor: Managing Ecosystems to Fight Poverty." 2005.
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Additional arguments against land reform focus on concerns over equity issues and potential
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Arguments in support of such reforms gained particular momentum after the publication of
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20:
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2177:"Can Formal Property Titling Programs Ensure Increased Business Investments and Growth?"
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Who Owns China's Land? Policies, Property Rights and Deliberate Institutional Ambiguity
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The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else
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The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else
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The Land Reform of 1919–1940: Lithuania and the Countries of East and Central Europe
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Berry, Sata. "Debating the land question in Africa." Johns Hopkins University. N.d.
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2282:, a publication of the Sustainable Development Department of the United Nations'
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Land reform may also entail the transfer of land from individual ownership—even
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The Invisible Line: Land Reform, Land Tenure Security and Land Registration
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The Politics of Land Reform in Ghana: From Communal Tenure to Free Markets
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Land Research Action Network: News, Analysis, and Research on Land Reform
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55:. Land reform may consist of a government-initiated or government-backed
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Land Reform in Developing Countries: Property rights and property wrongs
986:
19:"Land Question" redirects here. For the "land question" in Ireland, see
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1292:, many of the arguments against collectivization more generally apply.
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How Asia Works: Success and Failure in the World's Most Dynamic Region
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Traditional land tenure, as practiced by the indigenous tribes of
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involving the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding
16:
Changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership
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Summary of "Efficiency and wellbeing for 80 years" by Tarmo Luoma
1728:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1991. and Smith, Adam.
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1315:
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1131:
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410:
169:
67:
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2352:"Villager attitudes during the final decade of the Vietnam War"
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of reform. For example, if reform leads to greater security of
1150:
1100:, this is the most complete ownership interest one can have in
972:
1000:
3248:
2844:
2147:
Bernstein, H. (2002). "Land Reform: Taking a Long(er) View".
2255:
New York, Harcourt Brace & Company (1979). 3rd Edition.
2175:
Caralee McLiesh and Richard E. Messick, Moderators. (2004).
1244:
Additional arguments for land reform focus on the potential
2462:
2456:
1931:
Moore, Jina. "Africa's continental divide: land disputes."
1699:. Working Paper no. 02-13. May 2002. University of Hawaii.
1090:, hereditary, non-transferable ownership of real property.
3221:
2295:
Fanshen: A Documentary of Revolution in a Chinese Village
3298:
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
2323:, The China Quarterly, Vol. 166, June 2001, pp. 387–414
1707:
1705:
1058:
land control more closely affiliated with land tenure.
2399:
Land Reform: Land Settlement and Cooperatives Bulletin
2190:. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN.
1684:
Local Politics and the Dynamics of Property in Africa
2401:. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN.
1702:
2412:. School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University.
1318:, it was redeemed and placed into a special fund.
2410:Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
4390:
2328:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
2276:"Land reform in rural China since the mid-1980s"
2459:- Securing land rights for the world's poorest.
1641:"Redistributive Land Reform in Southern Africa"
1084:, interest in real property that ends at death.
1907:Land Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction
78:may be subject to intense debate or conflict.
3509:
2478:
1865:and Sustainable Development in Africa." 2009.
1686:. Cambridge University Press: New York. 2008.
1026:
1400:
1732:. Books 1—III. London: Penguin Books. 1999.
3516:
3502:
2485:
2471:
1788:. 2007. 106: 557–86. and Manji, Ambreena.
1033:
1019:
2356:"After the Cold War: Reassessing Vietnam"
2146:
1166:Access to land through a membership in a
2298:. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1966.
2046:"A chance to improve how Kenya is run."
1306:An early example of land reform was the
81:
31:
4271:International Trade Union Confederation
1950:; Jul2006, Vol. 7 Issue 4, pp. 100–113.
859:International Trade Union Confederation
4391:
4276:International Union of Socialist Youth
2354:. Presented at 1996 Vietnam Symposium
2060:Bourbeau, Heather, "Property Wrongs."
1833:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1651:Overseas Development Institute. DFID.
864:International Union of Socialist Youth
36:Farmers protesting for land reform in
3497:
2466:
2274:Fu Chen, Liming Wang and John Davis,
2188:Multilingual Thesaurus on Land Tenure
2097:. The World Bank, FAO and IFAD. 2009.
1961:Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS
1849:Commonwealth and Comparative Politics
1768:"Land Law." Law and Development. The
1386:Differential and absolute ground rent
3523:
1371:Collectivization in the Soviet Union
1259:
2109:"From breadbasket to basket case."
1883:, Penguin, 2006, 0143039431, pg 238
1665:Ghana's Land Administration Project
1476:Land Reform in Developing Countries
1295:
889:Network of Social Democracy in Asia
13:
2140:
2021:"Land: The Triumph of Gardening".
1759:. Ashgate: Burlington, 2003. p. 2.
1744:Food and Agriculture Organization.
14:
4445:
3570:Internationalist–defencist schism
2452:Land, Territory and Dignity Forum
2439:
2284:Food and Agriculture Organization
2095:Gender in Agriculture Source Book
2085:. October 2007. 35:10, 1739–1753.
2079:Food and Agriculture Organization
155:Internationalist–defencist schism
3635:
3465:
3464:
2406:U.S. and Third World Land Reform
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999:
985:
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111:
3607:Reformist–revolutionary dispute
2404:Krogh, Peter Frederic. (1986).
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1410:Frente Unido de Reforma Agraria
1361:Concentration of land ownership
192:Reformist–revolutionary dispute
3030:Right of way (property access)
1896:. New York: Basic Books. 2000.
1718:
1697:"Land Tenure: An Introduction"
1689:
1676:
1658:
1653:Natural Resources Perspectives
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1615:
1602:
1590:
1522:Nonpossessory interest in land
1:
3861:Socialism of the 21st century
1851:. 48,1 (April 2010): 173–202.
1639:Adams, Martin and J. Howell.
1612:. 6,1 (January 2006): 69–101.
1583:
1181:
454:Socialism of the 21st century
4281:Party of European Socialists
3739:Negative and positive rights
2492:
1963:. August 2007. 2:2, 606–615.
1792:. Zed Books: New York. 2006.
869:Party of European Socialists
322:Negative and positive rights
7:
3336:Two Treatises of Government
2186:Ciparisse, GĂ©rard. (2003).
1726:Two Treatises of Government
1321:
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2149:Journal of Agrarian Change
1610:Journal of Agrarian Change
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1933:Christian Science Monitor
884:Young European Socialists
88:Land ownership and tenure
3694:Environmental protection
3388:The Great Transformation
2746:Labor theory of property
2253:Land and Labour in China
2068:. 2007. 28:8, 1457–1478.
1909:. The World Bank. 2003.
1346:Certificate of occupancy
1075:land ownership, through
272:Environmental protection
4291:Socialist International
3766:Revolutionary socialism
2957:Forest-dwelling (India)
2919:restraint on alienation
2699:Common good (economics)
2397:Groppo, Paolo. (1998).
2169:10.1111/1471-0366.00042
1482:Land reforms by country
1302:Land reforms by country
1188:Property redistribution
879:Socialist International
349:Revolutionary socialism
57:property redistribution
28:Land reforms by country
3851:Evolutionary socialism
3396:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
3170:Primitive accumulation
3025:Right of way (transit)
2810:Tragedy of the commons
2692:fictitious commodities
2429:Wallace, Alfred Russel
2415:Goodman, Amy. (2010).
2408:. American Interests.
1742:"What is land tenure?"
1527:Profit (real property)
1401:
1246:environmental benefits
1228:by Peruvian economist
1222:
444:Evolutionary socialism
41:
3786:Social market economy
3724:Left-wing nationalism
3550:Frankfurt Declaration
3449:The Wealth of Nations
3429:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
3421:The Ethics of Liberty
2066:Third World Quarterly
2025:. Grove Press. 2014.
1772:. February 23, 2007.
1730:The Wealth of Nations
1715:. 2007. 106: 557–586.
1655:No. 64. January 2001.
1532:Real estate appraisal
1207:
369:Social market economy
307:Left-wing nationalism
135:Frankfurt Declaration
82:Land usage and tenure
35:
4424:Wealth concentration
4286:Progressive Alliance
3841:Democratic socialism
3545:Age of Enlightenment
3312:Progress and Poverty
2646:Common-pool resource
2392:Progress and Poverty
1935:. January 30, 2010.
1905:Deininger, Klaus W.
1203:developing countries
1163:Collective ownership
1006:Socialism portal
978:Economics portal
874:Progressive Alliance
434:Democratic socialism
130:Age of Enlightenment
4414:Agricultural policy
4404:Land administration
4141:Liebknecht (father)
3617:Revolutions of 1848
3435:The Social Contract
3123:population transfer
3040:prior-appropriation
2719:homestead principle
2161:2002JAgrC...2..433B
2123:Gediminas Vaskela.
1948:Human Rights Review
1892:De Soto, Hernando.
1876:The Grapes of Wrath
1753:Dekker, Henri A.L.
1435:Land Acts (Ireland)
1425:Homestead principle
1351:Chinese Land Reform
1217:The Grapes of Wrath
992:Politics portal
739:Liebknecht (father)
396:Structural violence
287:Institutional abuse
202:Revolutions of 1848
21:Land Acts (Ireland)
4355:Types of socialism
4344:The Internationale
3776:Social corporatism
3627:Welfare capitalism
3415:Murray N. Rothbard
2726:Free-rider problem
2280:Land Reform 1998/2
2130:2012-03-22 at the
1979:2020-03-07 at the
1695:La Croix, Sumner.
1670:2011-07-21 at the
1647:2009-12-05 at the
1627:2009-12-05 at the
1470:Land consolidation
1356:Citizen's Dividend
1329:Adverse possession
957:Types of socialism
946:The Internationale
359:Social corporatism
212:Welfare capitalism
42:
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3856:Liberal socialism
3846:Ethical socialism
3622:Utopian socialism
3560:Godesberg Program
3555:French Revolution
3491:
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3402:What Is Property?
3195:human trafficking
3180:Regulatory taking
3055:
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2800:Right to property
2290:William H. Hinton
2248:, Routledge, 2009
2083:World Development
1682:Lund, Christian.
1260:Arguments against
1137:Well-Field System
1043:
1042:
449:Liberal socialism
439:Ethical socialism
207:Utopian socialism
145:Godesberg Program
140:French Revolution
4441:
4378:Socialism portal
4368:Economics portal
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4146:Liebknecht (son)
3911:Batlle y Ordóñez
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3689:Environmentalism
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3526:Social democracy
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3292:Friedrich Engels
3273:Frédéric Bastiat
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2048:The Economist
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2000:on 2011-08-07
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312:Mixed economy
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70:ownership in
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47:is a form of
46:
39:
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29:
22:
3719:Labor rights
3713:
3602:Nordic model
3575:Keynesianism
3476:Property law
3447:
3433:
3419:
3400:
3386:
3382:Karl Polanyi
3362:
3358:Marcel Mauss
3348:
3334:
3325:David Harvey
3310:
3306:Henry George
3296:
3287:Ronald Coase
3277:
3262:
3208:wife selling
3190:bride buying
3149:
3128:repatriation
3110:
3061:Disposession
3015:
2904:Property law
2879:
2875:Forest types
2845:
2837:
2826:Applications
2756:rent-seeking
2741:Gift economy
2599:Intellectual
2420:
2365:
2350:Mark Moyar.
2327:
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2110:
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2016:
2002:. Retrieved
1998:the original
1987:
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1932:
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1916:
1906:
1901:
1893:
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1818:. Retrieved
1811:the original
1797:
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1492:Land titling
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1440:Land banking
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997:
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969:
302:Labor rights
296:
187:Nordic model
160:Keynesianism
76:
65:
61:agribusiness
44:
43:
4429:Plantations
4399:Land reform
3813:Tripartisme
3808:Trade union
3714:Land reform
3595:Revisionist
3350:Das Kapital
3237:progressive
3227:inheritance
3150:Land reform
2924:real estate
2899:Land tenure
2887:Inheritance
2815:anticommons
2751:Law of rent
2731:Game theory
2661:Information
2641:Common land
2538:Cooperative
2364:on site of
1552:Speculation
1537:Restitution
1502:Manorialism
1487:Land tenure
1376:Common land
1312:World War I
1175:collectives
1173:Government
1168:cooperative
1082:Life estate
401:Trade union
297:Land reform
180:Revisionist
45:Land reform
4393:Categories
4246:Woodsworth
4071:Hilferding
3931:Betancourt
3921:Ben-Gurion
3796:Capitalism
3771:Secularism
3704:Gradualism
3699:Fair trade
3667:Industrial
3481:by country
3443:Adam Smith
3330:John Locke
2994:indigenous
2989:aboriginal
2909:alienation
2604:indigenous
2594:Intangible
2508:Collective
2431:. (1882).
2342:1292686440
2234:1015469648
2196:9251042837
2181:World Bank
2004:2010-12-02
1820:2010-12-02
1770:World Bank
1584:References
1445:Land claim
1186:See also:
1182:Motivation
1098:common law
1094:Fee simple
659:Hilferding
524:Betancourt
514:Ben-Gurion
406:Tripartism
379:Capitalism
354:Secularism
282:Gradualism
277:Fair trade
250:Industrial
26:See also:
4350:Socialism
4338:Communism
4305:By region
4251:Zhordania
4191:Plekhanov
4156:MacDonald
4151:Luxemburg
4046:Gaitskell
4006:Daszyński
3966:Callaghan
3926:Bernstein
3866:Third Way
3801:Socialism
3759:Socialism
3749:Reformism
3684:Dirigisme
3657:Democracy
3612:Socialism
3344:Karl Marx
3145:Land Back
3096:Enclosure
3079:biopiracy
3017:Bergregal
2999:squatting
2773:Ownership
2687:Commodity
2666:Knowledge
2577:By nature
2533:Customary
2523:Community
2385:935209055
2368:magazine.
2312:258568918
2269:709358069
2215:746882317
1577:Zapatismo
1557:Squatting
1512:Mutualism
1396:Enclosure
1287:socialist
1142:Easements
1108:Leasehold
952:Socialism
940:Communism
901:By region
839:Zhordania
784:Plekhanov
754:MacDonald
749:Luxemburg
634:Gaitskell
594:Daszyński
559:Callaghan
519:Bernstein
459:Third Way
384:Socialism
342:Socialism
332:Reformism
262:Dirigisme
240:Democracy
197:Socialism
38:Indonesia
4216:Stauning
4136:LĂ©vesque
4121:Lassalle
4101:Kerensky
4091:Katayama
4056:González
3991:Crosland
3971:Cárdenas
3956:Branting
3886:Ambedkar
3833:Variants
3662:Economic
3645:Concepts
3590:Orthodox
3565:Humanism
3471:Property
3364:The Gift
3263:key work
3258:Scholars
3242:property
3199:spousal
3165:Poaching
3101:Eviction
3045:riparian
3006:Littoral
2914:easement
2892:executor
2863:literary
2788:usufruct
2736:Georgism
2616:Tangible
2611:Personal
2518:Communal
2501:By owner
2494:Property
2128:Archived
1977:Archived
1829:cite web
1668:Archived
1645:Archived
1625:Archived
1567:Usufruct
1460:Land law
1420:Georgism
1322:See also
1213:—
1156:Satoyama
1096:. Under
1088:Fee tail
1077:fiefdoms
1052:land use
809:Stauning
734:LĂ©vesque
719:Lassalle
699:Kerensky
689:Katayama
679:Jumblatt
644:González
579:Crosland
564:Cárdenas
549:Branting
479:Ambedkar
428:Variants
245:Economic
224:Concepts
175:Orthodox
150:Humanism
97:a series
95:Part of
4331:Related
4317:Germany
4312:Austria
4236:Whitlam
4226:Den Uyl
4206:Sanders
4201:Russell
4171:Morales
4161:Mandela
4096:Kautsky
4081:Jenkins
4061:Goulart
4016:Douglas
3906:Awolowo
3891:Allende
3818:Welfare
3677:Marxist
3585:Marxism
3536:History
3279:The Law
3185:Slavery
3011:Mineral
2979:Hunting
2972:pannage
2967:Grazing
2952:Fishing
2838:Acequia
2805:Rivalry
2793:women's
2651:Digital
2633:Commons
2568:Unowned
2543:Private
2457:Landesa
2157:Bibcode
1547:Settler
1542:Serfdom
1316:Finland
1147:Kibbutz
1132:rundale
1128:Run rig
934:Related
912:Germany
907:Austria
829:Whitlam
819:Den Uyl
799:Sanders
794:Russell
759:Mandela
694:Kautsky
674:Jenkins
649:Goulart
604:Douglas
499:Awolowo
484:Allende
411:Welfare
170:Marxism
123:History
68:peasant
4241:Wilson
4221:Thomas
4211:Savage
4176:Myrdal
4126:Layton
4106:KĂ©thly
4086:Junmai
4076:Jaurès
4066:Hardie
4051:Gandhi
4041:Fraser
4036:Engels
4031:Ecevit
4001:Curtin
3996:Corbyn
3976:Chávez
3951:Brandt
3936:Bhutto
3901:Attlee
3896:Ardern
3877:People
3160:Piracy
3112:Farhud
2940:Rights
2881:Huerta
2853:Estate
2675:Theory
2656:Global
2558:Social
2548:Public
2513:Common
2383:
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2340:
2332:
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2267:
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2194:
2029:
1151:moshav
1118:common
1112:rental
1073:Feudal
834:Wilson
814:Thomas
804:Savage
769:Myrdal
724:Layton
704:KĂ©thly
684:Junmai
669:Jaurès
654:Hardie
639:Gandhi
629:Fraser
624:Engels
619:Ecevit
589:Curtin
584:Corbyn
544:Brandt
529:Bhutto
494:Attlee
489:Ardern
472:People
40:, 2004
4196:Prodi
4186:Palme
4181:Nehru
4131:Lenin
4116:Lagos
4026:Ebert
4021:Drees
3986:Craxi
3981:Clark
3961:Brown
3946:Blanc
3941:Blair
3916:Bebel
3249:Theft
3035:Water
2929:title
2858:legal
2846:Ejido
2584:Croft
2563:State
2528:Crown
1879:, by
1814:(PDF)
1807:(PDF)
789:Prodi
779:Palme
774:Nehru
729:Lenin
714:Lagos
664:İnönü
614:Ebert
609:Drees
574:Craxi
569:Clark
554:Brown
539:Blanc
534:Blair
509:Bebel
4231:Webb
4166:Marx
4111:Kirk
4011:Debs
3754:Left
3232:poll
3215:wage
2984:Land
2868:real
2621:real
2553:Self
2381:OCLC
2373:ISBN
2366:TEHO
2338:OCLC
2330:ISBN
2308:OCLC
2300:ISBN
2265:OCLC
2257:ISBN
2230:OCLC
2222:ISBN
2211:OCLC
2203:ISBN
2192:ISBN
2027:ISBN
1835:link
1149:and
1130:and
824:Webb
764:Marx
709:Kirk
599:Debs
337:Left
3222:Tax
2947:Air
2165:doi
1110:or
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