Avro Lancaster - Knowledge

584: 550: 2985: 4168: 1405:. The bomb bay doors were removed and the ends of the bomb bay were covered with fairings. "Upkeep" was suspended on laterally pivoted, vee-shaped struts which sprang apart beamwise when the bomb-release button was pressed. A drive belt and pulley to rotate the bomb at 500 rpm was mounted on the starboard strut and driven by a hydraulic motor housed in the forward fairing. The mid-upper turret was removed and a more bulbous bomb aimer's blister was fitted; this, as "Mod. 780", later became standard on all Lancasters, while the bombsight was replaced by a simple aiming device that consisted of a simple triangle of wood with a peephole at one corner and a nail in each of the other corners such that at the correct distance the nails coincided with the towers on the dams. Because each dam was a different width between the towers, each plane carried two or three different sights. Two 1265: 1464: 1622: 925:. However, during the first year of the type's career, some instances of structural failures were encountered on Lancaster B.Is and a number of aircraft were lost in accidents as a result of the design limitations having been greatly exceeded. Compared with other contemporary aircraft, the Lancaster was not an easy aircraft to escape from as its escape hatch was only 22 in × 26.5 in (56 cm × 67 cm) in size; in a Halifax or Stirling (which both had an escape hatch 2 in (5.1 cm) wider), 25 per cent of downed aircrew bailed out successfully, and in American bombers (albeit in daylight raids) it was as high as a 50 per cent success rate while only 15 per cent of the Lancaster crew were able to bail out. 3350: 1634: 42: 1445: 3091: 2601: 1057: 1337:. Aircraft fitted with Village Inn were used as bait, flying behind the main formations to confront the night fighters that followed the formations and shot down stragglers. This significantly reduced operational losses; and gun-laying radar was added to the last versions of the turret. Before the end of the war Lancasters built in the UK standardised on the FN-82 fitted with two .50 in (13 mm) machine guns and a gun-laying radar as production allowed, which was also used on early models of the Avro Lincoln. The disadvantage of all radar and radio transmitting systems is that attacking forces can locate aircraft by picking up transmissions. 913:. While not optimal, the Lancaster was capable of flying the return journey home on only two operational engines, along with very limited distances on a single running engine. Aviation authors Brian Goulding and M. Garbett have claimed that experienced Lancaster pilots were often able to out-manoeuver Luftwaffe fighters. It possessed largely favourable flying characteristics, having been described by Goulding and Garbett as being: "a near-perfect flying machine, fast for its size and very smooth...such a delightfully easy aeroplane to fly...there are instances of Lancasters having been looped and barrel-rolled, both intentionally and otherwise". 1202: 4128: 1892:. It had three 7-foot (2.1 m) aerials, two on the top of the fuselage and one under the bomb aimer's position. These aircraft carried a German-speaking crew member and were used to jam ground-to-air communications to German night fighters. The extra equipment and extra crewman added around 600 pounds (272 kg) to the bomber's weight so the bomb load was reduced by 1,000 pounds (454 kg). Due to the nature of the equipment, the enemy was able to track the aircraft and 101 Squadron suffered the highest casualty rate of any squadron. Fitted from about mid-1943, they remained until the end of the war. 1434:"earthquake" bombs which were still being built. Aircraft intended to carry the "Grand Slam" required extensive modifications. These included the removal of the dorsal turret and of two guns from the rear turret, the removal of the cockpit armour plating (the pilot's seatback), and the installation of Rolls-Royce Merlin Mk 24 engines for better take-off performance. The bomb bay doors were removed and the rear end of the bomb bay cut away to clear the tail of the bomb. Later the nose turret was also removed to further improve performance. A strengthened undercarriage and stronger mainwheels, later used by the 999: 2411:. Special operations were flown against specific ammunition depots, munitions factories, and coastal batteries in advance of the Allied invasion. Around this time, Lancasters would also provide direct support to the local operations of field forces. By May, Bomber Command had a daily average operating strength of roughly 1,100 aircraft, 616 of which were Lancasters, 354 were Halifaxes, 72 Mosquitos, and 58 Stirlings; between 300 and 400 bombers were being deployed every night, dependent on weather conditions. In May and June, extensive operations were flown against the fortifications of the 1915: 1360: 1351: 2873: 890: 3580: 3593: 1926: 3567: 3206: 990: 1282: 1307: 1045:") to the pilot's right, with the fuel selectors and gauges on a panel behind him and to his right. The pilot and other crew members could use the panel above the cockpit as an auxiliary emergency exit while the mid-upper gunner was expected to use the rear entrance door to leave the aircraft. The tail gunner escaped by rotating his turret to the rear, opening the door in the back of the turret, passing into the fuselage, and clipping on a parachute that was hung on the side wall. He could then exit through the rear entrance door. 1049: 3278:

and a service ceiling of 28,500 ft (8,700 m) at the same weight. Climb to 28,000 ft (8,500 m) at 65,000 lb (29,000 kg) takeoff weight was accomplished in 44.8 minutes with a maximum climb rate of 1,080 ft/min (5.5 m/s) at 1,000 ft (300 m). A Lancaster B VI was dived to a maximum indicated speed of 350 mph (560 km/h), or Mach 0.72 at 25,000 ft (7,600 m) in June 1944. The Merlin 85/87 series engines were fitted with annular cowlings similar to the

1113:, was located near the spars for the tailplane. At the extreme tail-end of the fuselage, the rear gunner sat in his exposed position in the tail turret, which was entered through a small hatch in the rear of the fuselage. Depending on the size of the rear gunner, the area was so cramped that the gunner would often hang his parachute on a hook inside the fuselage, near the turret doors. Neither the mid-upper nor the rear gunner's position was heated, and the gunners had to wear electrically heated suits to prevent 3807: 1273:

the gunner from shooting the tail of his own aircraft. The Mk.VII and late Mk.X Lancasters used the heavier, electrically controlled Martin 250 CE 23A turret equipped with two .50 in (13 mm) machine guns which was mounted further forward to preserve the aircraft's longitudinal balance, and because it had an internal mechanism to prevent firing on the aircraft itself, it did not require a coaming. Other experimental turrets were tried out, including the FN-79 and the Boulton-Paul Type H barbette system.

1167:(as a 19-year-old who had yet to win a degree) put forward a case for the removal of the majority of the Lancaster's defensive armament. He argued that this would reduce the loss rate by increasing the Lancaster's cruising speed by up to 50 mph (80 km/h) (assuming the bomb load was not increased), making the bomber harder to intercept. He also claimed reducing defensive air gunners would reduce human losses incurred with each aircraft lost. However this neglects the fact that the two main Luftwaffe 929: 3632: 3658: 1211: 2939:

Lancaster Mk.X Passenger Planes), and each was equipped with rudimentary passenger facilities. The inaugural flight from Dorval (Montreal) to Prestwick, Scotland on 22 July 1943, was completed non-stop in a record 12:26 hours; the average crossing time was about 13:25 hours. By the end of the war, these aircraft had completed hundreds of trips across the Atlantic. CGTAS ushered in the era of commercial air travel across the North Atlantic, and in 1947 the service became part of

803: 2313: 3671: 3336:. The Martin turret carried two 0.5-inch Browning Mark II machine guns which packed much more punch than the .303s of the older turret. However, these Martin turrets arrived too late for inclusion in the first 50 aircraft built by Austin and these were therefore referred to as Mark VII (Interim). Another 180 true Mark VIIs were built at Longbridge. Two sub-variants of the VII existed, the "Far East" (B VII FE) for use in tropical climates and the B VII " 2888:, as Maritime Reconnaissance and Patrol aircraft in an anti-submarine role. Modifications involved the installation of radar and sonobuoy operators' positions, removal of the rear and mid-upper gun turrets, installation of a 400-gallon fuel tank in the bomb bay to increase the patrol range, upgraded electronics, radar, and instrumentation, and a cooking stove in the centre section. They served throughout the 1950s, when they were supplemented by the 3554: 3159: 2474:, seeing to prevent the Germans from intentionally flooding neighbouring lands to delay Allied ground forces. Extensive daylight raids were performed during the month; cities such as Cologne, Walcheren, and Bergen were targeted by hundreds of Lancasters. Bomber operations proceeded in both day and nighttime against industrial towns, airfields, communications, and troop concentrations into December; one such operation was flown against the 3523: 1373:". Bulged doors were added to 30 per cent of B.Is to allow the aircraft to carry 8,000 lb (3,600 kg) and later 12,000 lb (5,400 kg) "Cookies". The Lancaster also carried a variety of smaller weapons, including the Small Bomb Container (SBC) which held 236 4 lb (1.8 kg) or 24 30 lb (14 kg) incendiary and explosive incendiary bomblets; 500 lb (230 kg) and 1,000 lb (450 kg) 3694: 3645: 3619: 3606: 417:. These designs put limited demands on engine production and maintenance, both of which were already stretched with the introduction of so many new types into service. Power limitations were so serious that the British invested heavily in the development of huge engines in the 2,000 hp (1,500 kW) class in order to improve performance. During the late 1930s, none of these were ready for production. Both the 4179: 3110:. One difference between the two engine versions was that the VI had manual mixture control, requiring an extra lever on the throttle pedestal. Very early examples were fitted with an FN.64 ventral turret; however, these were quickly removed due to problems with aiming the turret through its periscope (which prevented the gunner from seeing a target he was not already aiming at), and inadequate traverse speed. 3031: 2434:, the Luftwaffe were increasingly incapable of mounting opposition; to further this difficulty for their opponent, Lancasters were directed against numerous oil installations. In conjunction, low-level nighttime bombing raids continued, but the emphasis shifted away from the strategic bombing of German industry in favour of directly attacking military concentrations, such as U-boat pens and 2388:; of the 9,111 sorties flown, 7,256 had been performed by Lancasters. These raids, while often incurring in costly losses, were typically deemed to have been 'most satisfactory' by senior officials. In March 1944, the Berlin raids were somewhat lessened as a compromise, Bomber Command having been directed to destroy enemy communications and other targets around France and the 3071:(FE), a tropicalised variant was based on late production aircraft. The B.I (FE) had modified radio, radar, nav-aids, and a 400 imp gal (1,800 L; 480 US gal) tank installed in the bomb bay. Most were painted with white upper surfaces to reduce internal temperatures in the tropical sun, and black undersides with a low demarcation between the colours, 681:. The first Lancaster produced in Canada was named the "Ruhr Express". The first batch of Canadian Lancasters delivered to England suffered from faulty ailerons; this error was subsequently traced to the use of unskilled labour. By the end of the conflict, over 10,000 Canadians were employed on the production line, which was producing one Lancaster each day. 960:, the Lancaster's oval-shaped fuselage had an all-metal covering. All of the wing and fuselage sections were manufactured separately, during which they were outfitted with all of the required equipment in advance of final assembly being performed, as a measure intended to accelerate the rate of production. The Lancaster was equipped with a retractable main 3180:

spin the bomb. Lamps were fitted in the bomb bay and nose for the simple height measurement system which enabled the accurate control of low-flying altitude at night. The mid-upper turret was removed to save weight and the gunner moved to the front turret to relieve the bomb aimer from having to man the front guns so that he could assist with map reading.

2830:, a development of the Lancaster. The Lincoln was not available in quantity for several years following the end of the conflict, and it took until December 1953 for the final Bomber Command Lancaster to be retired. The last Lancaster in active service with the RAF, a reconnaissance aircraft, is believed to have been retired in late 1954. 2183:

first flight without their instructors being capable of directly acting on the controls themselves. Furthermore, each Lancaster had its own ground crew early on; centralised servicing was introduced later. By the end of the year, a total of 16 operational squadrons had been stood up while around 200 Lancasters were under Bomber Command.

932: 936: 935: 931: 930: 1135: 937: 2492:. Executed by Nos. 617 and 9 Sqns, a combination of Lancaster B.I and B.III bombers were armed with Tallboy bombs and were adapted with enlarged bomb bay doors in order to accommodate their special payloads and additional fuel tanks to provide the necessary endurance. A total of three attacks, individually codenamed 2661:

British heavy bomber fleet; by the end of the war in Europe, there were roughly 50 squadrons equipped with the Lancaster, the majority of these being the Lancaster B.I model. From its entry into service, the original model of the Lancaster was operated in almost every major bombing raid of the European conflict.

1021:(7.7 mm) guns. Ammunition for the turret was 1,000 rounds per gun (rpg). The bomb aimer's position contained the nose emergency hatch in the floor; at 22 by 26.5 inches (560 by 670 mm) (two inches narrower than the Halifax escape hatch) it was difficult to exit through while wearing a parachute. 2705:

began to be modified in November 1943 for carrying the new bombs, the suggestion for using the Lancaster never came up again. Using the Lancaster would have required less modification to the aircraft itself, but would have necessitated additional crew training for the USAAF crews. In addition, the

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While the Lancaster had been designed to conduct night-time operations, daylight raids were occasionally performed by the type as well. Occasionally, lone Lancasters would be dispatched to perform decoy raids on key manufacturing sites, such as munitions factories, with the intention of being spotted

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Nine aircraft converted from B.IIIs. Fitted with Merlin 85/87 which had two-stage superchargers, giving much improved high-altitude performance. The B VI could achieve a maximum speed of 313 mph (504 km/h) at 18,200 ft (5,500 m) at a 65,000 lb (29,000 kg) takeoff weight

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was usually installed, however the B.II's bulged bomb bay interfered with its installation, leaving the opening free. Three types of bulged bomb bay were used on the B.II, the prototype having a narrow bulge running from just aft of the cockpit to the turret location, while early production examples

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B 1 modified for photographic reconnaissance, operated by RAF No. 82 and No. 541 Squadrons, wartime. All armament and turrets were removed with a reconfigured nose and a camera carried in the bomb bay. The type was also operated by 683(PR) Squadron when it was re-formed in November 1950 to undertake

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between 1942 and 1945. Only 35 Lancasters completed more than 100 successful operations each, and 3,249 were lost in action. The most successful survivor completed 139 operations and was ultimately retired from service and scrapped in 1947. From 1942 onwards, the Lancaster became the mainstay of the

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This was an early preset vector bombsight that involved squinting through wires that had to be manually set based on aircraft speed, altitude and bombload. This sight lacked tactical flexibility as it had to be manually adjusted if any of the parameters changed and was soon changed in favour of more

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Early production Lancaster B.Is were outfitted with a ventral gun turret position. In response to feedback on the lack of application for the ventral turret, the ventral turret was often eliminated during the course of each aircraft's career. While some groups chose to discard the position entirely,

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to fulfil Specification P.13/36 and, in February 1937, Avro's submission was selected, along with Handley Page's bid as a backup. In April 1937, a pair of prototypes for each design was ordered. Avro's aircraft, named the Manchester, entered RAF service in November 1940. Although a capable aircraft,

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attacks, a variety of unofficial field modifications were made, including the fitting of 20 mm (0.79 in) cannon or a .50 in (13 mm) machine gun in the open hole where the FN.64 had been installed, before an official modification (Mod 925) fitted with a .303 in (7.7 mm)

2671:, who referred to it as Bomber Command's "shining sword". Goulding and Garbett wrote that: "The achievements of the Lancaster and the men who flew it have been widely acclaimed, and the aircraft has been described as the greatest single factor in winning WWII, an exaggeration but a pardonable one". 1272:

The mid-upper (dorsal or top) turret was an FN-50 on early examples and the very similar FN-150 with improved sights and controls on later examples. On all but the earliest examples, this turret was surrounded by a coaming which provided a track for a cam-operated interrupter device which prevented

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to make attacks from below in the winter of 1943/1944, modifications were made, including downward observation blisters mounted behind the bomb aimer's blister and official and unofficial mounts for .50 in (12.7 mm) machine guns or even 20 mm (0.79 in) cannon, firing through the

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factory. The Lancaster B.I and B.III were manufactured concurrently and minor modifications were made to both marks as further batches were ordered. The B.I and B.III designations were effectively interchangeable simply by changing the engines used, which was occasionally done in practice. Examples

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for installation and flight testing. Their dorsal and nose turrets were removed and faired over. The more powerful engines proved troublesome in service and were disliked by ground maintenance staff for their rough running and propensity to 'surge and hunt', making synchronisation impossible. This

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in an adapted bomb bay. The armament was often removed and the mid-upper turret faired-over, especially in postwar use. Observation windows were added to both sides of the rear fuselage, a port window just forward of the tailplane and a starboard window into the rear access door. A number of ASR 3

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for the dam busting raids. The bomb bay doors were removed and Vickers-built struts to carry the bomb were fitted in their place at Woodford Aerodrome near Stockport where the workers worked day and night. A hydraulic motor, driven by the pump previously used for the mid-upper turret was fitted to

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reduced weight and gave smoother lines. For the Tallboy, the bomb bay doors were bulged; for the Grand Slam, they were removed completely and the area faired over. For some Tallboy raids, the mid-upper turret was removed. This modification was retained for the Grand Slam aircraft, and in addition,

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across Germany, including those in Leverkusen and Düsseldorf. On 23 August, a major raid on Berlin was conducted, dropping roughly 1,700 tons of bombs on the city; German night fighters responded, causing a 5.4% loss rate amongst Lancasters, while the Halifax and Stirling bombers suffered 8.8% and

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removed from the turret to improve visibility. The transparencies were difficult to see through at night, particularly when trying to keep watch for enemy night fighters that appeared without notice astern and below the aircraft when getting into position to open fire. This removal of perspex from

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sat side by side under the expansive canopy, with the pilot sitting on the left on a raised portion of the floor (almost all British bombers, and most German bombers, had only a single pilot seat as opposed to the American practice of carrying two pilots, or at least having controls for two pilots

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and by individual squadrons. A total of 50 Austin-built Lancaster B.Is was constructed to a non-standard configuration, having a Frazer Nash turret installed directly above the bomb bay; however, this modification was largely unpopular due to its obstruction of the internal walkway, hindering crew

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The Lancaster B.I was never fully superseded in production by a successor model, remaining in production until February 1946. According to aviation authors Brian Goulding and M. Garbett, the Lancaster B.I altered little during its production life, partially as a result of the sound basic structure

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From 1943 to 1947, the Canadian Government Trans-Atlantic Air Service (CGTAS) provided a trans-Atlantic military passenger and postal delivery service using a modified long-distance transport version of the Lancaster Mark X. Nine of these aircraft were produced, referred to as Lancaster XPPs (for

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In September, Hanover was subjected to the most concentrated bombing raid of the war so far. In October, the widespread bombing of numerous German cities took place, targeting Munich, Kassel, Frankfurt, Offenbach, Ludwigshafen, Stuttgart, Friedrichshafen, and Leipzig, along with other targets. By

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Throughout 1942, the Lancaster remained in relatively short supply; consequently, both training and crew conversion courses typically had to be performed by the squadrons themselves; there were no aircraft furnished with dual controls at this time, and pilots would therefore have to perform their

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A vector bombsight where the bomb aimer input details of the bombload, target altitude and wind direction and the analogue computer then continuously calculated the trajectory of the bombs and projected an inverted sword shape onto a sighting glass on the sighting head. Assuming the sight was set

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of the wing, which created a major obstacle for crew members moving down the fuselage even on the ground. At the end of the bomb bay was the mid-upper gunner's turret, at which the floor dropped down to the fuselage's bottom. His position allowed a 360° view over the top of the aircraft, with two

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Like any aeroplane, the Lancaster was not viceless in its handling. In a dive, it had a tendency to go more deeply into the dive as speed increased. Not all aeroplanes did this, for example, the Halifax tended to get increasingly tail-heavy as speed increased, and thus fly itself out of the dive.

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fighter aircraft, sometimes flying in formations of up to 40 aircraft. On 4 November 1944, a Lancaster of 428 squadron was attacked by a Me 262, which was shot down by the rear gunner Ben Rakus. The pilot F.W. Walker noted that this was the first instance of a heavy bomber shooting down a jet.

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Lancasters were also introduced to service during January, alongside some new bombing aids. On 4 February, 198 Lancasters raided the city of Turin; days later, 466 Lancasters attacked Lorient, and an all-Lancaster force of 142 aircraft attacked Milan on 14 February. On 28 February, 86 Lancasters

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engine manufacturing plant in Southern Germany; despite flying at low altitude, three bombers were shot down by Luftwaffe Bf 109s over France, and at least two more were lost to anti-aircraft fire at the factory itself. Nonetheless, the factory was successfully bombed, a feat that was personally

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After the 'Dam Busters' raid 617 Squadron was converted to a high-altitude precision bombing squadron in preparation for the arrival of Barnes Wallis's forthcoming Earthquake bombs for attacking special and hardened targets, and while they were training for this the bouncing bomb variants of B.I

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night fighters were capable of over 300 mph (480 km/h), thus a 50 mph (80 km/h) increase over the Lancaster's normal cruising speed of around 180 mph (290 km/h), giving a speed of 230 mph (370 km/h), still left the Lancaster vulnerable to interception. The

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were pursuing the development of bombers powered by arrangements of four smaller engines; the results of these projects proved to possess favourable characteristics such as excellent range and fair lifting capacity. Accordingly, in 1936, the RAF also decided to investigate the feasibility of the

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The ventral (underside) FN-64 turret quickly proved to be dead weight, being both difficult to sight because it relied on a periscope which limited the gunner's view to a 20-degree arc, and too slow to keep a target within its sights. Aside from early B.Is and the prototype B.IIs, the FN-64 was

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were fitted in the rear bomb bay fairing, aimed forward so the bomb aimer could see the converging lights below his blister in the nose; the optimum height for dropping "Upkeep" was 60 ft (18 m) and, when shone on the relatively smooth waters of the dam's reservoirs, the light beams

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The Lancaster benefited from a structure that possessed considerable strength and durability, which had been intentionally designed to maximise structural strength-per-weight; this resulted in the Lancaster being capable of withstanding some levels of damage resulting from attacks by hostile

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A receiver for a navigation system of synchronised pulses transmitted from the UK – aircraft calculated their position from the time delay between pulses. The range of GEE was 300–400 mi (480–640 km). GEE used a whip aerial mounted on the top of the fuselage ahead of the mid-upper

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on his left and bomb release selectors on the right. He also used his view through the large transparent perspex nose cupola to assist the navigator with map reading. To man the Frazer Nash FN5 nose turret, he stood up placing himself in position behind the triggers of the twin .303 in

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The tail turret was the most important defensive position and carried the heaviest armament. Despite this, the turrets used, starting with the FN-20, were never entirely satisfactory and numerous designs were tried. The FN-20 was replaced by the very similar FN-120 which used an improved

2560:; this target had not yet been rendered inoperable despite being damaged by prior conventional bombing. The Tallboy strike successfully destroyed roughly 100 yards of the viaduct's length; additional viaducts, such as at Arnsberg, were promptly targeted by the squadron thereafter. 2383:

In late 1943, Air Chief Marshal Harris advocated to Churchill for the persistent bombing of Berlin in preference to earlier targets such as the Ruhr. Between 15 November 1943 and 24 November 1944, sixteen major bombing operations were conducted against the German capital in the

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attempted to improve on the FN turrets by being completely open to the rear (improving visibility and allowing easier emergency egress) and by being fitted with two .50 in (13 mm) machine guns. It was installed in a small number of Lancasters but never became common.

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engines. Most of these engines were still under development and while four-engined bomber designs were considered for specification B.12/36 for a heavy bomber, the extra engines required the wing and overall aircraft structure to be stronger, increasing the structural weight.

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was raided by roughly 60 Lancasters during the daytime; railway infrastructure was a priority target for these attacks. These bombers had been escorted across the Channel by Spitfires before breaking formation to individually fly at low altitude to reach and fly over the

307:. The "Lanc", as it was known colloquially, became one of the most heavily used of the Second World War night bombers, delivering 608,612 long tons (618,378,000 kg) of bombs in 156,000 sorties. The versatility of the Lancaster was such that it was chosen to equip 2240:; the Lancaster was the only bomber at the time capable of bearing the weapon. A total of 19 aircraft were dispatched on the operation, setting off in the evening and flying at very low altitudes most of the way to avoid detection. Initial attacks targeted the 2204:

strategic bombing campaign was launched by Bomber Command. The initial attack on Essen comprised 412 bombers, 140 of which were Lancasters. In order to cope with the higher attrition rate from these operations, a three-fold increase in production was enacted.

2884:(RCAF). Fourteen were modified to perform aerial and photo-reconnaissance missions; these would go on to perform much of the mapping of northern Canada until as late as 1962. Throughout the 1950s, the RCAF operated seventy modified Lancasters, designated 2974:

head design was changed from being on a long mast at the front of the nose to a short fairing mounted on the side of the fuselage under the cockpit. Later production Lancasters had Merlin 22 and 24 engines. No designation change was made to denote these

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operator's radios were mounted on the left-hand end of the chart table, facing the rear of the aircraft. Behind these and facing forwards the wireless operator sat on a seat at the front of the main spar. On his left was a window, and above him was the

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for "world-wide use" which could carry a torpedo internally, and make shallow dive-bombing attacks. Originally developed as an evolution of the Manchester (which had proved troublesome in service and was retired in 1942), the Lancaster was designed by

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For the 2018 flying season, to commemorate the 75th anniversary of Operation Chastise, the Canadian FM213 Lancaster was painted in the markings used by Guy Gibson's 617 Squadron aircraft (Code AJ-G, ED932) when he commanded the "Dambusters" raids.

1303:" modification. Ammunition for the tail turret was 2,500 rounds per gun. Due to the weight, the ammunition was stored in tanks situated near the mid-upper turret's position and fed rearward in runways down the back of the fuselage to the turret. 1385:

mines, or 2,000 lb (910 kg) armour-piercing (AP) bombs; 250 lb (110 kg) Semi-Armour-Piercing (SAP) bombs, used up to 1942 against submarines; post-1942: 250 lb (110 kg) or 500 lb (230 kg) anti-submarine

2682:, the codename for the planned invasion of Japan in late 1945. Aircraft allocated to the Tiger Force were painted in white with black undersides and outfitted with additional radio units and navigational aids to facilitate their use in the 3987:

in nose turret, two 0.303-inch Browning Mark II machine guns in upper turret, and four 0.303-inch Browning Mark II machine guns in the rear turret. (Early aircraft had two Brownings in a ventral turret aimed from within the aircraft via a

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in the aftermath. The attack revealed the existence of the Lancaster to both Germany and the British public alike. On 27 April, an unsuccessful small-scale attack on Tirpitz was performed by Lancasters of both No. 44 and No. 99 Squadrons.

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Flight testing of the new aircraft quickly proved it to be a substantial improvement over its predecessor. The first prototype was initially outfitted with the Manchester I's three-finned tail but this was revised on the second prototype,

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to protect the aircraft from above and to the side. The mid-upper gunner sat on a rectangle of canvas that was slung beneath the turret and would stay in position throughout the flight. The turret had 1,000 rounds of ammunition per gun.

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The B.X was a Canadian-built B.III with Canadian- and US-made instruments and electrics. In later batches, the heavier Martin 250CE was substituted for the Nash & Thomson FN-50 mid-upper turret, mounted further forward to maintain

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was unintentionally directed towards a large asylum instead; other targets that month included Stettin, Duisburg, and the Ruhr. The majority of strategic bombing missions flown during May were also directed towards the Ruhr region.

1076:. His position faced to port with a chart table in front of him. An instrument panel showing the airspeed, altitude, and other information required for navigation was mounted on the side of the fuselage above the chart table. The 566:

tail unit that was also adopted for the last Manchesters built. This not only increased stability but also improved the dorsal gun turret's field of fire. The second prototype was also fitted with more powerful Merlin XX engines.

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bomber, initially designated Lancaster IV and Lancaster V which became the Lincoln B.1 and B.2 respectively. A civilian airliner was converted from the Lancaster with the addition of nose and tail fairings and seats, as the

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factory, were struck, while oil installations continued to be a prominent target of bombing raids in the hope of exacerbating the German fuel shortage. Amongst the final wartime operations performed by the Lancaster was the

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250CE mid-upper turret was moved slightly further forward than on previous Marks and the Nash & Thomson FN-82 tail turret with twin 0.50 in (12.7 mm) Browning machine guns replaced the FN.20 turret with four

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Manchesters still on the production line were converted into Lancaster B.Is. Based upon its performance, a decision was taken early on to reequip twin-engine bomber squadrons with the Lancaster as quickly as possible.

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on 23 February was described by aviation author Bruce Robertson as amongst the most concentrated and successful flown in the conflict. In the final months of the war, Lancasters were encountering the newly developed

615:, which comprised a number of companies that undertook the type's manufacture, either performing primary assembly themselves or producing various subsections and components for the other participating manufacturers. 2190:

was raided for the first time in over a year; conducted by an all-Lancaster force, the Berlin raid was fairly inconsequential beyond its psychological impact, not causing meaningful damage to either side. The first

2085:(PFF) in August 1942, multiple squadrons were transferred from Bomber Command groups to constitute the new unit. These pathfinders were tasked with flying ahead of bomber formations to locate and mark targets using 933: 3014:) were modified to carry a dorsal "saddle tank" with 1,200 imp gal (5,500 L; 1,400 US gal) mounted aft of a modified canopy for increasing range. No. 1577 SD Flight tested the aircraft in 327:

dams. Although the Lancaster was primarily a night bomber, it excelled in many other roles, including daylight precision bombing, for which some Lancasters were adapted to carry the 12,000 lb (5,400 kg)

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balance. Canada was a long-term operator of the Lancaster, using modified aircraft after the war for maritime patrol, search and rescue and photo-reconnaissance until 1964. The last flight by the RCAF was by F/L

298:

A long, unobstructed bomb bay meant that the Lancaster could take the largest bombs used by the RAF, including the 4,000 lb (1,800 kg), 8,000 lb (3,600 kg) and 12,000 lb (5,400 kg)

1979:; this was lifted after each aircraft had been inspected for signs of buckling on the upper wing surface. The first recorded casualties amongst Lancaster crews were recorded on 24 March 1942 with the loss of 2151:, was lost during the course of the mission. Losses were avoided by measures such as flying beneath German radar cover, aerial reconnaissance along the intended route, and the strict observation of secrecy. 3511:– designation applied to baseline standard, with Merlin 224 engines, Martin mid-upper turret and H2S radar, for aircraft retained postwar for future use. Sometimes referred to by unofficial designation 10U. 1731:

A Mark XIV bombsight modified for mass production and produced in the USA. Some of the pneumatic gyro drives on the Mk XIV sight were replaced with electronic gyros and other minor modifications were made.

2686:. The addition of large saddle-type external fuel tanks was considered and trialled in Australia and India, but this was discontinued due to their perceived vulnerability to attack. Together with the new 2931:. In 1947, one aircraft was flown non-stop 3,459 mi (5,567 km) from London to Bermuda. Later on, these two tanker aircraft were joined by another converted Lancaster; these saw use during the 538:, being modified from a production Manchester airframe, combined with the new wing to accommodate the additional engines. The first flight was made by test pilot H. A. "Sam" Brown on 9 January 1941 at 2269:

The Ruhr continued to be intensely raided by Bomber Command for months following Operation Chastise with the aim of suppressing the region's industrial output. In June, Lancasters begun operating in

2706:

Lancaster had a lower ceiling and flew slower so was at risk of the bomb blast. It also had a shorter range. "The B-29 was, therefore, deemed the better bet if it could be modified in time.".

1866:

Similar to Oboe but with the transponder on the ground allowing more aircraft to use the system simultaneously. GEE-H aircraft were usually marked with two horizontal yellow stripes on the fins.

1756:

receiver and T1154 transmitter, whereas the Canadian-built aircraft and those built for service in the Far East had American radios. These provided radio direction-finding, as well as voice and

677:

engines and American-style instruments and electrics. In August 1942, a British-built Lancaster B.I was dispatched to Canada as a pattern aircraft, becoming the first of the type to conduct a

1796:

A rearward-looking radar to warn of night fighter approaches. However, it could not distinguish between attacking enemy fighters and nearby friendly bombers and served as a homing beacon for

2731:

As a byproduct of its sound design and operational success, various developments and derivatives of the Lancaster were produced for both military and civilian purposes. One of these was the

3311:

was caused by variations in the fuel/air mixture and over time would damage the engine. The B VI was withdrawn from operational service in November 1944 and surviving aircraft were used by

2803:

received new PR.1 dedicated photo-reconnaissance model derived from the Lancaster B.1 which was painted silver and lacked defensive turrets. These carried out aerial surveys of Central and

1369:

An important feature of the Lancaster was its unobstructed 33 ft (10 m) long bomb bay. At first, the heaviest bomb carried was the 4,000 lb (1,800 kg) high capacity HC "

1105:

To the rear of the turret was the side crew door, on the starboard side of the fuselage. This was the main entrance to the aircraft, and also could be used as an emergency exit. The Elsan

2799:

The Lancaster remained at the forefront of RAF Bomber Command while the Lancaster B.I was gradually replaced by the improved Lancaster B.I (F/E) and B.VII (F/E) models. During 1947–1948,

968:-actuated main landing gear raised rearwards into recesses within the inner engine nacelles. The distinctive tail unit of the aircraft was outfitted with a large twin elliptical fins and 1401:, the raid against the Ruhr dams. This unit was equipped with B.III (Specials), officially designated the "Type 464 (Provisioning)", modified to carry the 9,250 lb (4,200 kg) 2552:, the heaviest conventional bomb to be used during the conflict. On 13 March 1945, the first operational use of the Grand Slam was performed by a Lancaster of No. 617 Sqn against the 283:

over Europe gathered momentum, it was the main aircraft for the night-time bombing campaigns that followed. As increasing numbers of the type were produced, it became the principal

7095:

Marino, Atilio; Celleto, Vladimiro & Mosquera, Javier (September–October 2001). "Argentina's "Heavies": Avro Lancaster, Lincoln and Lancastrian in Military Service, Part One".

10643: 3758:, just 9 miles (14 km) east-northeast of PA474 at RAF Coningsby; it is able to taxi but is not airworthy, though there have been plans to eventually return it to flight. The 1788:

An add-on to H2S that provided additional (aerial) coverage of the underside of the aircraft to display attacking fighters on an auxiliary screen in the radio operator's position.

11168: 440:

for "worldwide use" which could carry a torpedo internally, and make shallow dive-bombing attacks. Further requirements of the specification included the use of a mid-mounted

2171:; a total of three were reportedly shot down by enemy fighters. During November, targets in Italy and Germany were alternatively attacked by Lancasters, striking the city of 1900:

A microphone installed in the nacelle of one of the engines that allowed the wireless operator to transmit engine noise on the German night fighter control voice frequencies.

9915: 2516:. The first of these attacks disabled the vessel while the third mission was responsible for sinking the ship. Due to actions such as Operation Chastise and the sinking of 2179:

in Genoa. Only eight bombing missions were conducted during all of December, the most prominent of which being against Duisburg, due to poor prevailing weather conditions.

901:

that was used as the RAF's principal heavy bomber during the latter half of the Second World War. The typical aircraft was powered by an arrangement of four wing-mounted

952:

configuration. The wing is constructed from five separate main sections while the fuselage is likewise composed of five sections. Aside from a few elements, such as the

491:

the Manchester was underpowered and its Vulture engines proved to be unreliable. As a result, only 200 were constructed and the type was withdrawn from service in 1942.

4153:, and a number of B VII Lancasters in storage were modified to the original configuration of the B.III (Special) for use on screen. Lancasters play a prominent part in 9910: 2701:

While the Lancaster was briefly considered for carrying the atomic bomb as being one of the 2 Allied bombers capable of carrying the atomic bomb internally, after the

669:

was produced in significant numbers. A total of 430 of this type were built, earlier examples differing little from their British-built predecessors, except for using

11914: 11450: 2050:, arriving after dusk and thus unable to effectively bomb its port to disrupt U-boat construction. On 31 July, 20% of Bomber Command's strength was directed against 1838:. In practice, it was found to be more disconcerting than useful, as the lights were often triggered by false alerts in the radar-signal-infested skies over Germany. 583: 6451: 1321:

night fighter was still able to get within a very short distance of the tail gunner without being spotted, confirming what the Luftwaffe had already realised. The

9920: 3747:

Two other Lancasters exist with working engines, though not airworthy; like the airworthy pair, these are also found one each in Britain and Canada. The B MkVII

3412:– three aircraft modified for surveillance operations over the Arctic. Fitted with the lengthened nose (40 inches (100 cm) longer) and carrying cameras and 2089:

flares to improve the accuracy of strikes by the following aircraft. Early PFF operations produced mixed results, but did prove decisive on 27/28 August against

1329:

Ultimately radar, rather than improved visibility, made the turret more effective. The FN-121 was the Automatic Gun Laying Turret (AGLT), an FN-120 fitted with

591:

Avro received an initial contract for 1,070 Lancasters. The majority of Lancasters manufactured during the war years were constructed by Avro at its factory at

14091: 11163: 10869: 6077: 2904:

Immediately following the end of hostilities, the Lancaster was used without any major modifications as a transport aircraft, being used to ferry thousands of

2449:, two direct hits were recorded. Multiple raids on V-1 launch sites and enemy shipping were also performed during August; the partially constructed battleship 1987:. Due to the high loss rates typically involved in such operations, daytime bombing missions were performed sparingly until the Allies had achieved a level of 3253:) were powered by two-stage Merlin 85s inboard and later, Merlin 68s on the outboard mounts. Because of the major redesign, the aircraft was quickly renamed 2728:(USAAF), wished to use an American plane if this was at all possible. "Because the use of a British plane would have caused us many difficulties and delays" 549: 10636: 10126: 5346: 4838: 2019:. By this point, the number of Lancasters in operational service had surpassed those of the preceding Manchester. On 12 June, the first use of the type by 11245: 11236: 2058:'s machine tool manufacturing plant. The tempo of Lancaster operations rose to a new height in August 1942, major raids were flown against targets in the 13636: 2131:

to cause workers to go to air raid shelters, thus disrupting production. On 17 October 1942, an audacious daytime raid was performed by 90 Lancasters of

3043:

photographic reconnaissance and mapping activities, initially based at RAF Fayid, Egypt, before moving to RAF Kabrit in February 1951, and subsequently

14107: 13799: 13164: 13087: 10584: 6629:

A.P. 22062A-P.N.: Pilot's and Flight Engineer's Notes for Lancaster. Mark I – Four Merlin XX, 22 or 24 Engines. Mark III – Four Merlin 28 or 38 Engines

2572: 657:

The Lancaster was also produced overseas. During early 1942, it was decided that the bomber should be produced in Canada, where it was manufactured by

10193: 2648:), took off in bad weather on the morning of 29 April 1945 without a ceasefire agreement from the German forces, and successfully dropped its cargo. 844:

movements. Various other turret configurations were adopted by individual squadrons, which included the removal of various combinations of turrets.

6061: 4167: 2908:(POWs) back to the British Isles from across the continent. Repatriation flights returning POWs and ordinary troops continued until November 1945. 13059: 10629: 9669: 3402:

Postwar the RCAF modified the B X (as the Lancaster Mk 10) to fill a variety of roles, with specific designations for each role. These included:

2644:" from the old expression: "a bad penny always turns up." This bomber, with a crew of seven men (five Canadians including pilot Robert Upcott of 524: 1953:, which was also based at Waddington. On 2 March 1942, the first operational mission of the Lancaster, deploying naval mines in the vicinity of 14185: 11801: 11193: 3125:

had a full-width bulge that ran the same length and on late production examples, the bomb bay doors prominently bulged throughout their length.

2055: 2372:

12.9% loss rates respectively. Numerous strikes on the German capital occurred over the following weeks, sometimes by an all-Lancaster force.

1964:

had been rescheduled due to poor weather conditions. On 10 March 1942, the type's first bombing mission was conducted over the German city of

1846:

A very accurate navigation system consisting of a receiver/transponder for two radar stations transmitting from widely separated locations in

14112: 13706: 11907: 11203: 9833: 8508: 8498: 2364: 1426:

Specials had the spars and equipment removed and were then modified to carry the 21 ft (6.4 m) long 12,000 lb (5,400 kg)

831:

navigational aids. Some Lancaster B.I bombers were outfitted with bulged bomb bay doors in order to accommodate increased armament payloads.

2422:

On 14 June, the first large-scale daylight bombing raid since 1942 was conducted using Lancasters against enemy shipping at the harbours of

2367:; 17 Lancasters were lost in the costly but successful attack, mainly to German night fighters. Five days later, Lancasters struck numerous 11300: 2777:

The Lancaster remained in use for several years after the end of the war, during which a number of high-profile operations were conducted.

2253: 1933:, 1942. Pigeons were customarily carried aboard Lancasters as a means of communications in the event of a crash, ditching or radio failure. 1578:

1 x 8,000 lb (3,600 kg) impact or barometric fused HC and up to 6 x 500 lb (230 kg) impact or delay fused GP/HE bombs.

1317:

Gunners using both the FN-20 and 120 removed perspex and armour from the turret to improve visibility, but trials by the RAF showed that a

5526: 4419:

The weight in kilograms of the "Tall Boy" and "Grand Slam" bombs differs according to their source. The figures given are the most common.

2380:

had stood up its own operational squadrons equipped with Lancasters, and proceeded with offensive action over Germany in this same month.

1600:

6 x 1,000 lb (450 kg) short and long delay fused GP/HE bombs, additional 250 lb (110 kg) GP/HE bombs sometimes added.

2320:

During late July and early August 1943, large numbers of Lancasters participated in the devastating round-the-clock raids on the city of

3769:

In 2014, the two airworthy Lancasters (Canadian FM213 and British PA474) toured the UK in a series of joint aerial and ground displays.

3120:

machine gun was authorised for the same location, though not used in all aircraft. These were rarely installed on other variants as the

1850:

which, when used together, determined the aircraft's position. The system could handle only one aircraft at a time, and was fitted to a

1556:

1 x 4,000 lb (1,800 kg) impact fused HC and up to 18 x 500 lb (230 kg) GP bombs, with both impact and delay fusing.

13826: 12271: 12266: 11265: 11232: 10188: 10014: 9885: 9409: 9260: 9255: 9210: 9185: 9130: 9013: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8773: 8763: 8723: 8718: 8708: 8678: 8673: 8643: 8633: 8628: 8618: 8608: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8578: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8503: 8493: 8468: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8403: 8398: 8388: 8363: 8358: 8348: 8343: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8313: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8243: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8208: 8198: 8193: 8178: 8168: 8163: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8088: 8083: 7546: 6206: 1188:

night fighters erased any speed advantage and would have left the aircraft undefended. Consequently, Dyson's proposal was not adopted.

3175:

Known at the time of modification as the "Type 464 Provisioning" Lancaster, 23 aircraft of this type were built to carry the "Upkeep"

11495: 11241: 11063: 11053: 11048: 11024: 10781: 9944: 9890: 3458:

anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft, based on BR with the mid-upper turret removed. 70–75 converted. In service from 1950 to 1955.

2340:

and 353 Avro Lancasters, bombed the city. An estimated 18,474 people died on this night alone, despite many of victims being within

1264: 1008:

The standard crew for a Lancaster consisted of seven men, stationed in various positions in the fuselage. Starting at the nose, the

11900: 10119: 9875: 3766:, is home to FM159, nicknamed Bazalgette, which has been restored from a vandalised state and is able to taxi under its own power. 3166:

used for dam busting bomb mounted under Lancaster B.III (Special). The chain was driven by a hydraulic motor and gave the bomb its

10319: 2232:, which had been formed less than two months prior. They flew modified Lancaster Mk IIIs that were armed with special drum-shaped 2078:. Often, when the weather was deemed to be unsuitable for bombing missions, night-time mine-laying operations were flown instead. 1252:

ventral holes of the removed FN-64. The fitting of these guns was hampered as the same ventral position was used for mounting the

10198: 7447: 6155: 6102: 4313: 3022:

in 1945 for possible use in the Pacific, but the tank adversely affected handling characteristics when full and an early type of

2309:. Further missions across the country were flown throughout this month, often focusing on electrical and railway infrastructure. 1725:

correctly when the target was in the crosshairs of the sword shape, the bomb aimer would be able to accurately release the bombs.

3133:

This variant, which was built concurrently with the B.I and was indistinguishable externally from that variant, was fitted with

2923:, but proved to be uneconomical, and were withdrawn after a year in service. In addition, four Lancaster IIIs were converted by 611:. As it was quickly recognised that Avro's capacity was exceeded by the wartime demand for the type, it was decided to form the 14170: 14160: 2667:(commander of the Luftwaffe fighters) considered the Lancaster to be "the best night bomber of the war", as did his adversary, 2450: 4031:

Many Lancaster crew members were highly decorated for their actions while flying the aircraft. Amongst those who received the

14195: 14180: 14165: 10259: 7366: 7311: 7248: 7215: 7155: 6970: 6918: 6783: 6682: 6045: 5154: 5099: 5069: 3984: 3755: 3333: 2911:

Civil conversions of the type continued during the initial postwar years. In 1946, four Lancasters were converted by Avro at

2683: 2122: 1463: 1157: 1098: 280: 5316: 2548:

During early 1945, a total of 33 Lancaster B.Is were modified so that they could deploy the 22,000 lb (10,000 kg)

1769:

3 GHz frequency, ground-looking navigation radar system – eventually, it could be homed in on by the German night fighters'

1012:

had two positions to man. His primary location was lying prone on the floor of the nose of the aircraft, with access to the

13021: 12572: 10269: 9880: 1410:

converged into a figure 8 when the Lancaster was flying at the correct height. The Type 464 Lancaster was also fitted with

3700:

Lancaster Mk X FM213, painted as VR-A and officially named the "Mynarski Memorial Lancaster", complete with a painting of

2485:

Throughout the latter half of 1944, a series of high-profile bombing missions were performed by the Lancaster against the

1686:

As well as direct hits on very strong or durable targets (such as submarine pens) it could be used indirectly to create a

1621: 859:, but was otherwise identical to contemporary B.Is. In total, 3,030 B.IIIs were constructed, almost all of them at Avro's 14190: 13052: 10652: 10112: 9662: 3777: 2305:. On 12 July, an all-Lancaster force performed the biggest-yet bombing raid on Turin in support of the recently launched 1823:

A system of lights mounted on the aircraft's instrument panel that lit up when the aircraft was being tracked by the low-

1752:

The Lancaster had a very advanced communications system for its time. Most British-built Lancasters were fitted with the

1567:

6 x 2,000 lb (910 kg) short-delay fused AP bombs, plus other GP/HE bombs based on local needs or availability.

433: 255: 6481: 2612:

RAF Lancasters dropped food into the Holland region of the occupied Netherlands, with the acquiescence of the occupying

1739:

Also known as "SABS", this was an advanced bombsight mainly used by 617 Squadron for precision raids. Like the American

295:

and European countries serving within the RAF, overshadowing the Halifax and Stirling, two other commonly used bombers.

12547: 11794: 10595: 10274: 10254: 9905: 7389: 7356: 3943:

282 mph (454 km/h, 245 kn) at 63,000 lb (28,576 kg) and 13,000 ft (4,000 m) altitude

3213:

bomb, Hercules-powered B Mk.II with bulged bomb bay doors and FN.64 ventral turret and the B Mk.III (Special) with the

2325: 2012: 6133: 2356: 13986: 13831: 12567: 12562: 11683: 10264: 8918: 8768: 7341: 7326: 7296: 7281: 7266: 7232: 7192: 7170: 7137: 7122: 7071: 7056: 7015: 7000: 6985: 6948: 6933: 6875: 6831: 6816: 6801: 6767: 6752: 6735: 6712: 6697: 6663: 5953: 4376:

Similar view and speed problems were commonplace in the era, having particularly afflicted the ventral turret in the

3737: 3717: 3697: 3688: 2553: 1156:

operated turrets mounted in the nose, tail, mid-upper and underside. The original tail turret was equipped with four

6074: 5927: 3349: 2563:

By April 1945, there were in excess of 1,000 Lancasters in frontline service, dwarfing the numbers of Halifaxes and

14117: 13996: 13671: 12824: 12552: 12216: 12136: 10152: 9939: 9851: 4318: 3545: 1734: 1256:

blister, which limited installations to those aircraft fitted with bulged bomb bays which interfered with the H2S.

17: 2154:

In late October 1942, the first Lancaster bombing missions over Italy were performed; on 22 and 23, the cities of

1615:; (post-1942): 6 x 500 lb (230 kg) and 3 x 250 lb (110 kg) anti-submarine depth charge bombs. 654:

had also received an order for 200 Lancaster B.Is, but this was cancelled before any aircraft had been completed.

388:, a long-range, high-speed, transatlantic passenger and postal delivery airliner. In March 1946, a Lancastrian of 14150: 13916: 13696: 13381: 12557: 11738: 10244: 10203: 4342:

This aircraft carries the deepened bomb aimer blister (Mod. 780) and the later paddle-bladed propellers. Neither

3759: 3072: 2385: 2306: 1633: 13045: 12885: 12376: 10904: 10007: 9870: 9655: 4389:

The Martin 250 CE 23A turret was the same unit which had been equipped upon many American bombers, such as the

2920: 2617: 1776:

receiver and had to be used with discretion – a problem which the higher resolution, 10 GHz frequency American

1589:

1 x 4,000 lb (1,800 kg) impact-fused HC bomb, and 12 SBCs with a total of 2,832 incendiary bomblets.

389: 1805: 1418:, the squadron leader, could control the operation while over the target, an early example of what became the 14031: 11787: 10579: 9900: 9856: 9842: 9819: 7420: 4968: 4078: 2725: 2707: 2106: 1444: 1072:

Behind the pilot and flight engineer, and behind a curtain fitted to allow him to use light to work, sat the

41: 12806: 10492: 3090: 13426: 13104: 13037: 12323: 12223: 10219: 9895: 4377: 4364: 3967:

720 ft/min (3.7 m/s) at 63,000 lb (29,000 kg) and 9,200 ft (2,800 m) altitude

3849:

7: pilot, flight engineer, navigator, bomb aimer/nose gunner, wireless operator, mid-upper and rear gunners

3316: 1502:

14 SBC, each with 236 x 4 lb (1.8 kg) Incendiary and Explosive Incendiary bomblets, total 3,304.

1430:

bomb, a scaled-down version of the upcoming 25.5 ft (7.8 m) long 22,000 lb (10,000 kg)

976:

Furthermore, the Lancaster suffered longitudinal instability at speeds above 200 mph (320 km/h).

380:) and air-sea rescue. It was also used for photo-reconnaissance and aerial mapping, as a flying tanker for 13921: 13836: 11892: 10229: 6883: 2656:

The Lancaster conducted a total of 156,000 sorties and dropped 608,612 long tons (618,378,000 kg) of

2600: 1056: 14200: 14016: 13956: 13951: 13556: 13536: 12619: 12248: 12243: 11490: 11360: 11058: 10924: 10388: 10279: 7440: 4390: 4251: 4246: 4110: 2513: 2220:

Perhaps the most famous single mission performed by the Lancaster was flown on 16–17 May 1943, codenamed

2113: 1870: 873: 10894: 9927: 7410: 4498: 4142: 2860:. During its Argentine service, Lancasters were used offensively in suppressing and supporting military 14175: 13526: 13341: 13139: 12916: 12582: 12577: 12414: 12258: 12145: 12120: 11624: 11198: 10602: 10311: 6600: 3034:

PR1. 683(PR) Squadron, RAF Fayid, Egypt, undertaking photographic reconnaissance and mapping activities

2838:

Avro overhauled 59 Lancaster B.Is and B.VIIs at Woodford and Langar which were delivered to the French

868:

from the nose to the side of the cockpit and the change from de Havilland "needle blade" propellers to

130: 10621: 3426:. Minimally modified variant with additional windows for observers in the rear fuselage. 13 converted. 2455:

was one of the targets that were struck around this time. September saw a heavy focus on airfields in

575:, The first production Lancaster made its first flight in October 1941, powered by Merlin XX engines. 13971: 13936: 13616: 13576: 13291: 12957: 12911: 12632: 12466: 12461: 12349: 12228: 12140: 12132: 12111: 12084: 12067: 11976: 11971: 11830: 11825: 11758: 11728: 11668: 11663: 11530: 10944: 10821: 10239: 10000: 9932: 4042: 3773: 2702: 2486: 1958: 1875:

A radar-aimed and ranged gun turret fitted to some Lancaster rear turrets in 1944. Identifiable by a

1709: 1673: 1232:

remained unchanged during the life of the design, except in instances where it was removed entirely.

1201: 1068:. Looking forward between wing spars. At left is the wireless operator, and at right is the navigator 10104: 515:, and installed on a wing of increased span. Initially, the improved aircraft was designated as the 13068: 12875: 12429: 12419: 12396: 12341: 12106: 11986: 11981: 11845: 11840: 11628: 11485: 11029: 11019: 10574: 9992: 9960: 6674: 4256: 4127: 3337: 2881: 2788:

by various American movie stars, and retained these until their retirements. A pair of Lancasters,

2471: 2377: 1797: 1690:(cavern) that undermined structures such as bridges, viaducts and bunkers causing them to collapse. 350: 343: 288: 171: 126: 3501:: Interim search-and-rescue aircraft, minimally modified 10S. Replaced by disarmed 10BR and 10MRs. 1918:

Lancasters of No. 50 Squadron fitted with exhaust shrouds intended to conceal exhaust flames from

14145: 13851: 13681: 13466: 13276: 13256: 13206: 13149: 13129: 12642: 12594: 12589: 12424: 12201: 11718: 11465: 11455: 11445: 10989: 10984: 10497: 6244: 5005: 4483: 4323: 3328: 2718: 2613: 2580: 2445:

repeatedly. On 24 August, eight Tallboys were dropped in a daylight attack on the U-boat pens at

2262: 1638: 1300: 816: 452: 393: 292: 7041: 2441:

During July, in the days following the Normandy landings, Lancasters heavily bombed the city of

2348:

poisoning. Altogether, 8,621 tons of bombs were dropped on Hamburg by the end of the operation.

1532:. 3 x 1,000 lb (450 kg) GP/HE bombs, and up to 6 SBCs with 1,416 incendiary bomblets. 898: 429:

The origins of the Lancaster stem from a twin-engined bomber that had been submitted to British

368:

turbojets. Postwar, the Lancaster was supplanted as the main strategic bomber of the RAF by the

14155: 14051: 13931: 13861: 13784: 13729: 13541: 13476: 13431: 13401: 12702: 12655: 12481: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12371: 12361: 12115: 11871: 11723: 11599: 11460: 11330: 11218: 11208: 10969: 10849: 10404: 10224: 10157: 10081: 9160: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8059: 8054: 7433: 7361:. Serie Fuerza Aérea (in Spanish). Vol. 17. Bahía Blanca, Argentina: Fuerzas Aeronavales. 4149: 4133: 2940: 2844:

during 1952/53, which were flown until the mid-1960s by four squadrons stationed in France and

2757: 2753: 2557: 2528: 2352: 2294: 2257: 2071: 1998:

On 17 April 1942, 12 Lancasters of No. 44 and No. 99 Squadrons undertook a bombing raid on the

1969: 1453: 1330: 1009: 678: 503:, was working on an improved Manchester powered by four of the more reliable but less powerful 83: 5144: 1780:

never had to deal with. This is the large blister under the rear fuselage on later Lancasters.

998: 14056: 14041: 13719: 13676: 13516: 13461: 13451: 13391: 13306: 12604: 12599: 12491: 12191: 12186: 12102: 12039: 12034: 11693: 11420: 11078: 10806: 10368: 6035: 4155: 4106: 4072: 4047: 3919: 3396: 3354: 3295: 2943:, which carried paying civilian passengers in the Lancaster XPPs until they were replaced by 2633: 2564: 2397: 1855: 1637:

An RAF officer inspects the hole left by a Grand Slam in the reinforced concrete roof of the

1318: 1065: 922: 520: 456: 10816: 6214: 3001:" bombs. Up-rated engines with paddle-bladed propellers gave more power, and the removal of 2872: 2826:

The Lancaster continued to be operated in significant numbers until the introduction of the

2796:, performed several long-distance flights, including round-the-world and trans-polar trips. 2531:

was attacked by Lancasters, hitting it at a vulnerable section near Ladbergen. An attack on

1914: 889: 14021: 13981: 13961: 13886: 13739: 13641: 13591: 13586: 13511: 13506: 13496: 13481: 13471: 13446: 13331: 13316: 12947: 12942: 12796: 12660: 12331: 11500: 11475: 11370: 11213: 11083: 11068: 10939: 10676: 10589: 10353: 10348: 10167: 9865: 9828: 9799: 9785: 4271: 4261: 4094: 4058: 3815: 3788: 3732:, named the "Mynarski Memorial Lancaster" and painted with VR-A (nicknamed VeRA) to honour 3729: 3713: 3299: 2808: 2752:

maritime patrol aircraft which continued in RAF service in that role until replaced by the

2641: 2537: 2521: 2337: 2229: 1976: 1889: 1770: 1514: 1449: 1394: 1374: 1359: 1350: 1185: 1172: 1086: 1082: 1022: 918: 627: 619: 308: 233: 4984: 8: 14046: 13991: 13941: 13906: 13881: 13774: 13769: 13686: 13611: 13456: 13346: 13266: 13211: 12832: 12692: 12627: 12609: 12539: 12286: 12181: 12094: 12044: 11653: 11604: 11158: 10295: 9341: 9125: 8158: 7664: 7276:. Watford, Hertfordshire, UK: Argus Books, Fifth impression 1977, First impression 1964. 4296: 4137:

was made, the bomb remained classified so the producers created a convincing alternative.

3312: 3307: 3291: 3107: 2857: 2856:

Between 1948 and 1949, 15 former RAF Lancasters were overhauled at Langar for use by the

2812: 2800: 2781: 2501: 2286: 2136: 2097:

aircraft company in the city. That same night, 12 Lancasters of No. 106 Squadron flew to

2020: 1950: 1938: 1925: 1719: 1153: 1017: 623: 512: 448: 11133: 4206:(originally designated Lancaster Mk.IV, longer wings and fuselage and improved armament) 3387:) was responsible for the development of the Lancastrian, which was duly designated the 2208:

On 15 April, Stuttgart was raided by a large force of Lancasters; on the following day,

1949:, became the first RAF squadron to convert to the Lancaster; it was quickly followed by 14086: 13866: 13856: 13821: 13754: 13546: 13336: 13311: 13226: 13221: 13181: 13134: 12903: 12842: 12751: 12665: 12301: 11835: 11768: 11743: 11703: 11678: 11390: 11113: 11093: 10706: 10609: 10424: 10383: 10343: 10303: 10234: 9490: 9311: 9180: 8463: 8383: 8368: 8338: 7969: 7944: 7914: 7719: 7078:

Marino, Atilio (April 1996). "Les Lancaster argentins" [Argentine Lancasters].

6452:"RAF BBMF to host Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum Lancaster during visit to England." 6055: 5082: 3476: 3303: 3287: 3138: 2960: 2695: 2691: 2679: 2493: 2329: 2221: 2201: 2175:

multiple times, conducting a heavy raid against Turin, and destroying supplies for the

2024: 1835: 1398: 1225: 1147: 902: 674: 639: 604: 504: 361: 320: 276: 268: 6152: 6099: 3282:

and three-bladed paddle-type propellers were fitted. These aircraft were used by only

3205: 2815:

received a small number of grey-painted Lancaster MR.1s, which were normally based at

2694:; the envisioned invasion did not happen when such action was made unnecessary by the 14011: 13789: 13601: 13551: 12868: 12850: 12391: 12276: 12155: 11713: 11688: 11658: 11395: 10999: 10934: 10553: 10449: 10419: 9190: 7949: 7385: 7362: 7337: 7322: 7307: 7292: 7277: 7262: 7244: 7228: 7225:

Mynarski's Lanc: The Story of Two Famous Canadian Lancaster Bombers KB726 & FM213

7211: 7188: 7166: 7151: 7133: 7118: 7102: 7083: 7067: 7052: 7037: 7011: 6996: 6981: 6966: 6944: 6929: 6914: 6895: 6871: 6845: 6827: 6812: 6797: 6779: 6763: 6748: 6731: 6708: 6693: 6678: 6659: 6041: 5959: 5949: 5340: 5150: 5065: 4360: 4086: 4083: 3741: 3712:

Of the 17 surviving and largely intact Lancasters known to exist, two are airworthy:

3364: 3197: 3060: 3023: 2912: 2714: 2675: 2549: 2497: 2393: 2004: 1895: 1841: 1431: 1377:(these came in a variety of designs); 1,850 lb (840 kg) parachute deployed 1281: 1110: 989: 869: 836: 381: 333: 304: 6505: 2861: 1828: 1611:(up to 1942): 5 x 250 lb (110 kg) short-delay fuse SAP bombs for surfaced 1306: 1048: 508: 14066: 14006: 14001: 13946: 13896: 13846: 13841: 13779: 13734: 13651: 13571: 13491: 13486: 13386: 13301: 13216: 12993: 12980: 12406: 12386: 12296: 12062: 11881: 11733: 11470: 11014: 10558: 10543: 10502: 10477: 10461: 10434: 10414: 10378: 10338: 10045: 10023: 9738: 9627: 9326: 9200: 8293: 8019: 7789: 7784: 7495: 4197: 4102: 3781: 3380: 3283: 3103: 3095: 2928: 2889: 2748:, a transport with a much larger square section fuselage, and via the Lincoln, the 2737: 2645: 2341: 2119: 2086: 2082: 1954: 1861: 1851: 1847: 1811: 1740: 1529: 1457: 1370: 1268:

Gunner in Fraser Nash FN50 mid-upper turret with twin .303 Brownings, February 1943

658: 476: 385: 354: 300: 272: 191: 6809:

The Avro Lancaster, Manchester and Lincoln: A Comprehensive Guide for the Modeller

5107: 2463:

and oil targets in the Ruhr. On 17 September, precision strikes were performed on

1783: 1247: 372:, a larger version of the Lancaster. The Lancaster took on the role of long range 339:(also designed by Wallis). This was the largest payload of any bomber in the war. 14071: 14026: 13816: 13744: 13691: 13646: 13631: 13376: 13351: 13296: 13251: 13231: 13196: 13154: 13119: 13026: 12768: 12761: 12682: 12211: 12206: 12079: 12074: 11953: 11866: 11708: 10994: 10548: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10507: 10439: 10363: 10092: 10076: 9722: 9696: 9647: 9632: 9622: 9551: 9511: 9485: 9429: 9346: 8698: 8683: 8668: 8029: 7994: 7974: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7679: 7659: 7500: 7490: 6159: 6137: 6106: 6081: 5534: 5324: 4301: 4221: 4215: 4184: 4091: 4066: 4055: 4039: 3806: 3763: 3733: 3701: 2998: 2970:. Minor details were changed throughout the production series – for example, the 2905: 2749: 2741: 2721: 2435: 2345: 2298: 2274: 2132: 2042:

between 25 and 29 June, the latter reportedly dealing considerable damage to the

1551: 1221: 1106: 1093: 1037: 662: 531: 487: 451:, which was in development was encouraged. Twin-engine designs were submitted by 410: 377: 336: 248: 241: 181: 122: 2640:. The first of the two RAF Lancasters chosen for the test flight was nicknamed " 2282: 946: 811:

and design; of the visible changes, the fuselage side windows were deleted, the

13871: 13759: 13749: 13714: 13606: 13581: 13246: 13201: 12970: 12965: 12778: 12728: 12687: 12496: 12486: 12476: 12366: 12313: 12238: 12196: 11876: 11643: 11560: 11555: 11505: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11365: 11340: 11320: 11315: 11143: 11108: 11103: 11088: 11073: 10766: 10696: 10686: 10681: 10444: 10429: 10373: 10249: 9981: 9617: 9084: 8488: 8393: 7954: 7919: 7485: 7143: 7097: 7032: 6840: 4291: 4281: 4266: 4032: 3811: 3705: 3663: 3319:

and the Bomb Ballistics Unit (BBU) for various testing and experimental duties.

3189: 2932: 2893: 2629: 2541: 2416: 2368: 2333: 1942: 1882: 1467: 1427: 1229: 1220:

Only the FN-5A nose turret which was similar to the FN-5 used on the preceding

1181: 1134: 852: 840: 651: 464: 373: 329: 237: 236:, both bombers having been developed to the same specification, as well as the 11310: 7030:

Lyzun, Jim, "From Warhorse to Workhorse: Lancaster Mk.10 Variants in Canada".

6482:"The Lancaster being pushed out of the... – Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum" 3026:

designed in the late 1930s for commercial flying boats was later used instead.

2403:

During April 1944, key targets in France included railway hubs in Villeneuve,

2213: 2081:

A major improvement to night-time bombing came with the implementation of the

1441:

Specific bomb loads were standardised and given code names by Bomber Command:

1041:

installed). The flight engineer sat on a collapsible seat (known as a "second

1029:, amongst others, attempted unsuccessfully to have the escape hatch enlarged. 14139: 14076: 13724: 13626: 13436: 13421: 13416: 13396: 13281: 12893: 12756: 12736: 12519: 12233: 12054: 11763: 11748: 11673: 11648: 11638: 11633: 11609: 11550: 11520: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11415: 11098: 11009: 11004: 10979: 10889: 10811: 10746: 10736: 10482: 10456: 10183: 9612: 9480: 9351: 9316: 7844: 7634: 7480: 7106: 7087: 6899: 6849: 5941: 4933: 4403: 4286: 4105:– for conduct on more than 100 missions in aircraft including the Lancaster, 4099: 4063: 3721: 3369: 3209:

Lancaster B Mk.I drawing with extra side views for the B Mk.I (Special) with

3176: 3163: 3044: 2964: 2845: 2710: 2668: 2664: 2584: 2571:) operated by Bomber Command at that time. Key industrial sites, such as the 2412: 2389: 2237: 2233: 2197: 2192: 1988: 1930: 1919: 1801: 1419: 1402: 1382: 1378: 1295: 1291: 1176: 1168: 1164: 1026: 856: 437: 418: 316: 312: 259: 13067: 11153: 11148: 10964: 10671: 7372: 6467: 5928:"Black Lancasters: The story of heavy British bomber and first atomic bombs" 4848:. RAF Historical Society Seminar at the RAF Museum, Hendon. 21 October 1996. 4355:

The "Ruhr Express" the subject of a Canadian National Film Board production

3535:

XV. One example was built before the order was cancelled when the war ended.

3106:(Hercules VI or XVI engines) powered variant, of which 300 were produced by 2840: 2046:

aircraft works. 40 Lancasters also flew an ineffective long-range raid upon

13926: 13876: 13764: 13661: 13656: 13596: 13561: 13411: 13406: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13326: 13321: 13271: 13261: 13241: 13236: 12998: 12677: 12672: 12650: 12506: 12014: 11996: 11922: 11619: 11614: 11594: 11590: 11585: 11515: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11138: 10899: 10751: 10050: 9965: 9792: 9748: 9706: 9470: 9336: 9321: 9245: 9225: 9215: 9205: 9195: 9165: 9150: 8688: 8663: 8603: 8583: 8378: 8373: 8318: 8248: 8213: 8203: 8024: 7899: 7879: 7874: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7759: 7744: 6906: 6863: 6632: 6130: 4617: 4276: 4209: 4203: 4116: 3892: 3885: 3791: 3725: 3637: 3532: 3437: 3279: 3266: 3254: 3234: 2994: 2967: 2944: 2916: 2827: 2732: 2687: 2632:. The aircraft involved were from 1, 3, and 8 Groups, and consisted of 145 2590: 2568: 2270: 2176: 2102: 1946: 1791: 1475: 1435: 1387: 1061: 961: 906: 860: 802: 587:

Lancasters under construction at Avro's factory at Woodford, Cheshire, 1943

500: 468: 460: 430: 422: 369: 284: 264: 252: 225: 222: 205: 99: 68: 55:

of the RAF Battle of Britain Memorial Flight in 460 Squadron (RAAF) colours

6894:(1). Laurier Centre for Military Strategic and Disarmament Studies: 5–16. 5963: 3265:

Increased wingspan and lengthened fuselage, two-stage Merlin 85s. Renamed

2876:

RCAF 405 Squadron Lancaster 10MP Maritime Patrol aircraft in February 1953

2616:, to feed people who were in danger of starvation. The mission was named ' 2172: 1210: 646:

as well as at the Vickers Armstrong factory, Castle Bromwich, Birmingham.

13621: 13531: 13286: 13186: 13176: 13114: 12791: 12786: 12746: 12125: 11963: 11937: 11810: 11480: 11305: 11295: 10859: 10854: 10741: 10487: 10409: 10147: 10086: 9768: 9607: 9597: 9475: 9361: 9175: 9079: 8943: 8713: 8693: 8623: 8044: 8039: 8034: 7989: 7984: 7884: 7859: 7819: 7536: 7531: 7516: 5917:"Lancaster: The Second World War's Greatest Bomber", Leo McKinstry p. 495 3752: 3676: 3482: 3384: 3238: 3142: 2820: 2816: 2804: 2605: 2312: 2075: 1992: 1957:, was performed by aircraft of No. 44 Sqn; a planned mission against the 1693:

1 x 22,000 lb (10,000 kg) short-delay fused "Grand Slam" bomb.

1406: 1322: 1311: 1150: 1114: 539: 472: 365: 3810:

Diagram comparing the Lancaster (blue) with its RAF contemporaries; the

3784:, where it is to be restored and placed alongside the museum's restored 3233:

The B.IV featured an increased wingspan and lengthened fuselage and new

2674:

Lancasters from Bomber Command were to have formed the main strength of

2430:. These daylight raids quickly became frequent as, due to a shortage of 2415:. The first combat use of Barnes Wallis' 12,000 lb (5,400 kg) 342:

In 1943, a Lancaster was converted to become an engine test bed for the

13911: 13371: 13191: 13144: 13124: 13099: 13013: 12921: 12814: 12741: 12718: 12697: 12514: 12471: 12381: 12356: 12163: 12009: 11779: 11325: 11290: 10974: 10919: 10909: 10786: 10756: 10651: 10035: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9602: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9536: 9424: 9414: 9250: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9220: 9170: 9094: 9089: 9074: 8658: 8648: 8638: 8613: 8513: 8483: 8308: 8258: 8253: 8014: 8009: 7964: 7959: 7904: 7894: 7889: 7869: 7864: 7854: 7849: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7739: 6884:"Destroying Hitler's Berghof: The Bomber Command Raid of 25 April 1945" 4407: 4227: 4050: 3002: 2971: 2924: 2764:

airliner also used the Lincoln wings, but with a new tubular fuselage.

2761: 2360: 2140: 2067: 2051: 2043: 1757: 1415: 1042: 965: 905:

piston engines, each of which drove a 13 ft (4.0 m) diameter

865: 635: 631: 600: 592: 535: 441: 3158: 2880:

Beginning in 1946, Lancaster Mk Xs were modified for service with the

1975:

All Lancasters were temporarily grounded after a crash on 20 March in

941:

Video of the Lancaster landing gear retraction and extension, ex-situ.

14036: 13901: 13666: 13566: 13501: 13003: 12529: 12524: 11355: 11043: 10864: 10731: 10726: 10162: 10134: 10055: 9743: 9561: 9556: 9546: 9541: 9531: 9265: 8573: 8238: 8173: 8004: 7764: 7734: 7694: 7669: 4343: 4233: 3572: 3559: 3121: 3019: 2785: 2745: 2625: 2532: 2479: 2302: 2249: 2241: 2225: 1777: 1764: 1687: 1678:

1 x 12,000 lb (5,400 kg) short-delay fused "Tallboy" bomb.

1672:

Very strong or durable structures (e.g.: submarine pens); battleship

1253: 1242: 1118: 1073: 1013: 949: 910: 563: 444: 357: 324: 240:, all three aircraft being four-engined heavy bombers adopted by the 201: 10022: 7421:

Lancaster at the International Bomber Command Centre Digital Archive

7165:. Kidlington, Oxford, UK: Vintage Aviation Publications Ltd., 1979. 3922:

V-12 liquid-cooled piston engines, 1,280 hp (950 kW) each

3522: 2927:

as two pairs of tanker and receiver aircraft for the development of

2212:

was similarly struck, although much of the intended attack upon the

1664:

1 x 9,250 lb (4,200 kg), hydrostatic-fused "Upkeep" mine.

13109: 12926: 12860: 12456: 12451: 12308: 12173: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12004: 11753: 11525: 11425: 11038: 10929: 10914: 9592: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9506: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9434: 9419: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9356: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9155: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9120: 9104: 9099: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 8988: 8888: 8778: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8703: 8653: 8568: 8478: 8473: 8413: 8408: 8353: 8303: 8298: 8188: 8183: 8128: 8093: 8049: 7979: 7924: 7909: 7824: 7814: 7754: 7749: 7729: 7724: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7689: 7684: 7674: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7541: 7526: 7521: 7405: 6705:

Lancaster: The History of Britain's Most Famous World War II Bomber

3994:

Maximum normal bomb load of 14,000 lb (6,400 kg) of bombs

3167: 3077: 3068: 2464: 2460: 2446: 2427: 2423: 2245: 2094: 2063: 1858:

which marked the target for the main force rather than a Lancaster.

1626: 1142:

in flight showing nose, dorsal and tail .303 Browning gun positions

1077: 1033: 608: 543: 346: 6207:"Avro 683 Lancaster: The most iconic heavy bomber of World War II" 3531:

As per Lancaster B.IV/Lincoln B.1 but built in Canada and renamed

3357:

B Mk X. This aircraft carries the early "needle-blade" propellers.

3075:

on the national insignia in all cases to avoid confusion with the

2209: 1294:(GGS). Many rear gunners insisted on having the centre section of 562:, and subsequent production Lancasters used the larger elliptical 349:. Lancasters were later used to test other engines, including the 251:

which had been developed during the late 1930s in response to the

13441: 11565: 11510: 11350: 11345: 11335: 11228: 11223: 11173: 11034: 10776: 10771: 10761: 10701: 10691: 6838:

Gardner, Brian (1984). "Flight Refuelling... The Wartime Story".

3877: 3693: 3373: 3327:

The B.VII was the final production version of the Lancaster. The

3146: 3145:, requiring the addition of slow-running cut-off switches in the 3134: 2575: 2456: 2321: 2016: 1984: 957: 820: 812: 806:

PA474, Lancaster B.I of the RAF Battle of Britain Memorial Flight

670: 647: 643: 414: 7425: 7185:

The Conquest of the Reich: D-Day to VE Day – A Soldiers' History

7008:

Black Night for Bomber Command – The Tragedy of 16 December 1943

6641:

Die Stadt, die sterben sollte, Hamburg im Bombenkrieg, Juli 1943

3961:

21,400 ft (6,500 m) at 63,000 lb (29,000 kg)

2127:, but did not manage to hit any ships due to a persistent haze. 11929: 7259:

The Hardest Victory: RAF Bomber Command in the Second World War

6826:(Fortunes of War). Black Hawk, Colorado: Cerberus Press, 2005. 6201: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6191: 5132:. Leatherhead, Surrey UK: Profile Publications. pp. 12–13. 3650: 3624: 3611: 3585: 3193: 2678:, the Commonwealth bomber contingent scheduled to take part in 2637: 2475: 2408: 2187: 2144: 2098: 2090: 2047: 2039: 2028: 1999: 1876: 1612: 1160:

machine guns and all other turrets with two such machine guns.

969: 953: 596: 7051:. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications Inc., 1982. 6776:

The Dambusters: An Operational History of Barnes Wallis' Bombs

6189: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6033: 3302:. Often used as a "Master Bomber" the B VIs were allocated to 2690:

and Liberators, the bombers would have operated from bases on

2162:

were struck at night-time. On 24 October, the Italian city of

2011:

On the night of 30/31 May 1942, the Lancaster participated in

530:, was assembled by the Avro experimental flight department at 11576: 5130:

Aircraft in Profile No.148 – The Junkers Ju 88 Night Fighters

4484:"Second World War propaganda film of "Grand Slam" in action." 4212:(Interim VIP transport like Lancastrian but based on Lincoln) 4011: 3598: 3413: 3064: 3030: 3015: 2621: 2597:

were permitted to announce the raid before it was completed.

2509: 2404: 2290: 2278: 2200:; the next day, 79 Lancasters bombed Berlin. On 5 March, the 2163: 2159: 2155: 2035: 1965: 1753: 1747: 1334: 828: 824: 553:

Lancasters on Avro's Woodford assembly line at Cheshire, 1943

51: 11256: 10836: 7355:

Benedetto, Fernando (2009). Núñez Padin, Jorge Felix (ed.).

4224:(Maritime patrol which used Lincoln wings with new fuselage) 2848:

in the maritime reconnaissance and search-and-rescue roles.

2344:

and cellars, as the widespread fires across the city led to

2236:; these had been specially designed by the British engineer 618:

In addition to Avro, further Lancasters were constructed by

11861: 11124: 10071: 9678: 7456: 7130:

The Secret Years: Flight Testing at Boscombe Down 1939–1945

7064:

Avro Lancaster – Handley Page Halifax – Short S.29 Stirling

6291: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6168: 4230:(Airliner with Lincoln Wings and new cigar-shaped fuselage) 3830:

The Secret Years: Flight Testing at Boscombe Down 1939–1945

3048: 2740:

and a similar aircraft was derived from the Lincoln as the

2657: 2636:

and 3,156 Lancasters, flying between them a total of 3,298

2589:, the extensive holiday home complex used by German leader 2442: 2328:. On the night of 27 July, 787 RAF aircraft, comprising 74 2168: 2059: 1625:

A 617 Squadron Lancaster dropping a Grand Slam bomb on the

483: 229: 88: 11541: 10662: 7202:. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1966. 5804: 5664: 5327:. 6 April 2005. Archived from the original on 11 June 2007 1517:

using both impact and long delay (up to 144 hours) fuses.

10840: 6690:

British Secret Projects: Fighters & Bombers 1935–1950

6095: 6093: 4147:

The Avro Lancaster featured prominently in the 1955 film

3785: 3440:

drones – two modified in 1957 and operational until 1961.

3241:) with framed "bay window" nose glazing. The prototypes ( 2594: 2470:

In October, Lancasters repeatedly struck the sea wall at

2431: 2015:, the first 1,000 bomber raid against the German city of 1824: 1456:' followed by 30 lb (14 kg) incendiaries and a 1411: 11406: 11184: 10955: 10832: 10717: 6280: 5506: 5297: 5285: 2993:

32 Aircraft were adapted to take first the super-heavy "

2524:

was perhaps the most famous of all Lancaster squadrons.

11923:

Certified/factory-built aircraft manufactured in Canada

6824:

The First and the Last: Germany's Fighter Force in WWII

6468:"Lancaster KB882 – National Air Force Museum of Canada" 6037:

Avro Lancaster-Handley Page Halifax-Short S.29 Stirling

3192:, with three dipole ventral antennas fitted aft of the 10880: 7180:. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications, 1966. 6913:(Pan Grand Strategy Series). London: Pan Books, 1999. 6860:. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications, 1966. 6090: 5946:

Now it Can be Told: The Story of the Manhattan Project

4702: 1085:, used for visual signalling and by the navigator for 447:

wing, and all-metal construction while the use of the

7319:

Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present

7210:(Kindle, 2014 ed.), London: Penguin Books Ltd., 7094: 6958:

Volume 1, Part 8, 1977. London: Orbis Publishing Ltd.

6040:(first ed.). Italy: Edizioni R.E.I. p. 60. 5834: 5257: 5255: 3526:

The sole, Canadian-built, Lancaster B.XV/Lincoln B.XV

3495:

mapping duties. 11 converted 1948–1950. Retired 1964.

3051:

until the squadron was disbanded on 30 November 1953.

10797: 5699: 5697: 5541: 4985:"Royal Air Force Bomber Command, 1942–1945. CH18371" 4747:"The Design and Development of the Avro Lancaster". 4363:

series, filmed in part over Berlin by NFB cameraman

4174: 4017:

Various other navigational aides and countermeasures

2624:

which is said to have miraculously appeared for the

2034:

Additional large-scale raids were performed against

2027:, commenced; it was used to conduct long range anti- 1146:

The Avro Lancaster was initially equipped with four

864:

of modifications made include the relocation of the

7227:. Erin, Ontario, Canada: Boston Mills Press, 1989. 6858:

The Avro Lancaster I: Aircraft in Profile Number 65

5855: 5846: 5781: 5772: 5754: 5724: 5706: 5685: 5628: 5619: 5567: 5565: 5481: 5479: 5460: 5458: 5394: 5392: 5276: 5269: 5267: 5245: 5243: 5177: 5175: 4749:

Manchester Branch of the Royal Aeronautical Society

4630: 4628: 4626: 4602: 4241:

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

3834:

The Avro Lancaster I: Aircraft in Profile Number 65

3201:

conversions were fitted with Lincoln-style rudders.

9677: 7200:The Short Stirling, Aircraft in Profile Number 142 6941:Avro Lancaster. The Definitive Record 2nd Edition. 6523: 5988: 5738: 5736: 5601: 5592: 5497: 5467: 5446: 5428: 5419: 5380: 5362: 5252: 5231: 5222: 5163: 4675: 4519: 4021: 3006:the nose turret was later removed. Two airframes ( 2756:in the early 1970s, but saw further service as an 1530:4,000 lb (1,800 kg) impact-fused HC bomb 1285:Gunner in the Nash & Thompson FN20 tail turret 815:chin of the bomb-aimer was enlarged, and a larger 303:", loads often supplemented with smaller bombs or 10135:RAF strategic bombing during the Second World War 7148:Lancaster: the Second World War's Greatest Bomber 6928:. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 2002. 6730:, Yorkshire: The Emfield Press, pp. 68, 84, 5994:Mantelli, Brown, Kittel and Graf 2017, pp. 59–60. 5825: 5816: 5763: 5745: 5715: 5694: 5676: 5655: 5646: 5637: 4958:Mod 925, shown on Avro Manufacturing Drawing X815 4593: 2256:. The story of the operation was later made into 2031:operations, reportedly attacking two on 15 June. 1543:6 x 1,850 lb (840 kg) parachute mines. 835:various trials and experiments were performed at 247:The Lancaster has its origins in the twin-engine 14137: 14128: Prior to adoption of Tri-Service prefixes. 7291:. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd., 1982. 7026:. London and New York: Frederick Warne & Co. 6584: 6575: 6557: 6115: 6011: 6009: 5997: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5973: 5948:. New York: Harper & Row. pp. 254–255. 5902: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5610: 5583: 5562: 5553: 5488: 5476: 5455: 5437: 5410: 5401: 5389: 5371: 5353: 5345:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5264: 5240: 5193: 5172: 4839:"A History of Navigation in the Royal Air Force" 4725: 4723: 4711: 4623: 3772:In 2017, after more than 50 years on display in 3137:-built Merlin engines. The Packard Merlins used 2760:(AEW) system until finally retired in 1991. The 2000:Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg A.G., Augsburg 638:, later in the Second World War and post-war by 7334:Aircraft of World War II: The Aviation Factfile 6762:. Thrupp, Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2003, 6747:. Thrupp, Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2005. 6550: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6271: 5733: 5321:Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary 5088:, 1990, February 2008. Retrieved December 2011. 4911: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4528: 4122: 3801: 2186:On 16 January 1943, the German capital city of 6943:Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd, 2001. 6566: 6532: 6488: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5205: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 897:The Avro Lancaster was a British four-engined 855:engines, which had been built overseas in the 413:(RAF) was primarily interested in twin-engine 13053: 11908: 11795: 10637: 10120: 10008: 9663: 7441: 6457:, 24 February 2014. Retrieved: 14 April 2015. 6277:Mantelli, Brown, Kittel and Graf 2017, p. 59. 6006: 5970: 5864: 5790: 5184: 5146:1 Group Bomber Command: An Operational Record 4873: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4732: 4720: 4646: 4218:(precursor with unsuccessful Vulture engines) 3955:2,530 mi (4,070 km, 2,200 nmi) 2784:Lancasters toured the United States and were 893:Three 44 Squadron Avro Lancaster B.Is in 1942 665:. Of later variants, only the Canadian-built 392:flew the first scheduled flight from the new 332:and then the 22,000 lb (10,000 kg) 7080:Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire 7036:, No. 86, March/April 2000, pp. 16–26. 6722:. Cudham, Kent, UK: Kelsey Publishing, 2011. 6541: 6060:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4900: 2244:until it was breached, then moved on to the 1375:General Purpose High Explosive (GP/HE) bombs 6980:. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1990. 6778:(e-book ed.). Stroud: Amberley Books. 6745:Living Lancasters: Keeping the Legend Alive 6356: 6354: 5202: 4754: 4684: 4655: 4567: 4438: 3225:B.III modified for maritime reconnaissance. 2959:The original Lancasters were produced with 2867: 2459:, as well as repeated raids on German-held 1540:Mining of ports, canals, rivers and seaways 819:was provided. Various additional bumps and 499:By mid-1940, Avro's chief design engineer, 13060: 13046: 11915: 11901: 11802: 11788: 10644: 10630: 10585:Air operations during the Battle of Europe 10127: 10113: 10015: 10001: 9670: 9656: 7448: 7434: 7306:. London: The Frazer Nash Archives, 2011. 6870:(fifth edition). Sutton Publishing, 2006. 6638: 6406: 6393: 6380: 6367: 6338: 6325: 5512: 4852: 4542: 4540: 4512: 4510: 4479: 4477: 3416:equipment. Remained in service until 1964. 1888:This was fitted only to the Lancasters of 1854:aircraft, usually a fast and manoeuvrable 1748:Radio, radar and countermeasures equipment 1092:Behind the wireless operator were the two 27:World War II British heavy bomber aircraft 7358:Avro Lancaster, Lancastrian & Lincoln 7354: 7238: 6995:. London: Arms & Armour Press, 1996. 6796:. London: Arms & Armour Press, 1995. 5524: 5303: 5291: 4949:Mod 913, Avro Manufacturing Drawing Z2511 4893: 4891: 4889: 3949:200 mph (320 km/h, 170 kn) 2070:. An emphasis was placed upon aiding the 1414:(normally reserved for fighters) so that 376:patrol aircraft (later supplanted by the 11809: 9876:1953 Mediterranean Sea mid-air collision 7021: 6720:Avro Lancaster Mk I and Mk III: Database 6656:Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II 6432: 6419: 6351: 5136: 4166: 4126: 4026: 3805: 3692: 3521: 3348: 3204: 3157: 3089: 3029: 2983: 2871: 2599: 2311: 2105:bombs, intending to hit the battleships 1924: 1913: 1704:Bombsights used on Lancasters included: 1632: 1620: 1597:Medium-range low altitude tactical raids 1462: 1443: 1305: 1280: 1263: 1138:Battle of Britain Flight Lancaster Mk I 1133: 1055: 1047: 927: 888: 823:were also added, which typically housed 801: 582: 548: 7317:Taylor, John W.R., "Avro Lancaster" in 7274:Lancaster: The Story of a Famous Bomber 7178:The Handley Page Halifax B.III, VI, VII 6837: 6725: 6506:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage" 6034:Mantelli, Brown, Kittel, Graft (2017). 5670: 5029: 5027: 4537: 4507: 4474: 4346:blister nor exhaust shrouds are fitted. 4314:List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force 1836:Lichtenstein B/C and C-1 airborne radar 14: 14138: 10653:Swedish military aircraft designations 7321:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. 7077: 6881: 6773: 6728:The Battle of the V-Weapons, 1944–1945 6692:. Hinckley: Midland Publishing, 2004. 6497: 5940: 5840: 5810: 4886: 4406:was frequently referred to as being a 3379:During the Second World War, Canada's 2851: 2467:only 200 yards from the Allied lines. 1904: 1458:4,000 lb (1,800 kg) "cookie" 1052:Bomb aimer in his position in the nose 797: 228:. It was designed and manufactured by 14186:Retractable conventional landing gear 13041: 11896: 11783: 10625: 10580:United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) 10108: 9996: 9651: 7429: 7379: 7332:Winchester, Jim, "Avro Lancaster" in 7302:Tarring, Trevor, and Joseland, Mark, 7205: 6978:Avro Aircraft since 1908, 2nd edition 6926:Avro Lancaster (Combat Legend series) 6121:Goulding and Garbett 1966, pp. 10–11. 6003:Goulding and Garbett 1966, pp. 12–13. 5908:Goulding and Garbett 1966, pp. 11–12. 5742:Goulding and Garbett 1966, pp. 7, 10. 5547: 5127: 5097: 4783: 4200:(Interim VIP Transport with fairings) 3756:Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage Centre 3682: 3353:Propaganda shot before bombing up an 3306:apart from two that were retained by 2807:and at least one was operated by the 2196:attacked the occupied French city of 1647:Special-purpose weapons and codenames 1129: 1025:experts, including British scientist 979: 622:(1,080, also tested at Woodford) and 12595:DH.82C Tiger Moth & Menasco Moth 10575:Aerial defence of the United Kingdom 7336:. Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2004. 7304:Archie Frazer-Nash ... Engineer 6639:Bahnsen, Uwe; Stürmer, Kerstin von, 6503: 5142: 5024: 3873:1,297 sq ft (120.5 m) 3861:102 ft 0 in (31.09 m) 3059:In anticipation of the needs of the 2988:B.I Special loaded with a Grand Slam 2833: 2365:German guided missiles and munitions 2316:A Lancaster over Hamburg, circa 1943 2038:between 19 and 23 June, and against 10240:Combined Bomber Offensive (1943–44) 9891:1956 Scottish Airlines air disaster 6965:. London: Andre Deutsch Ltd, 2009. 6844:. No. 25. pp. 34–43, 80. 6085:Canadian Aviation and Space Museum. 5531:RAF Bomber Command 60th Anniversary 5309: 5190:Goulding and Garbett 1966, pp. 6–7. 5149:. Pen and Sword. pp. 117–118. 4813: 4798: 4738:Goulding and Garbett 1966, pp. 5–6. 4729:Goulding and Garbett 1966, pp. 4–5. 4652:Goulding and Garbett 1966, pp. 3–4. 3855:69 ft 4 in (21.13 m) 3778:National Air Force Museum of Canada 3073:completely omitting any red colours 2228:. The operation was carried out by 1909: 1510:factories, railway yards, dockyards 1259: 507:engines, specifically adopting the 275:engines. It first saw service with 24: 10596:Death by Moonlight: Bomber Command 7348: 6868:World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines 6856:Goulding, Brian, and Garbett, M., 6811:. London: SAM Publications, 2000. 6658:. New York: Crescent Books, 1988. 3867:20 ft 6 in (6.25 m) 2772: 2744:. Other developments included the 2604:A Lancaster being fuelled from an 2324:during Air Chief Marshal Harris's 2101:, armed with newly developed anti- 1016:controls facing forward, with the 25: 14212: 7455: 7399: 6760:Bomber Command Handbook 1939–1945 6322:"The Immortal Lanc" 1977, p. 157. 6015:Goulding and Garbett 1966, p. 14. 5985:Goulding and Garbett 1966, p. 12. 5881:Goulding and Garbett 1966, p. 11. 5801:Goulding and Garbett 1966, p. 10. 4915:Goulding and Garbett 1966, p. 16. 4402:In period material, the "Upkeep" 3738:Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum 3718:Battle of Britain Memorial Flight 3689:List of surviving Avro Lancasters 3372:in KB-976, on 4 July 1964 at the 1586:Blast and incendiary area bombing 1513:14 x 1,000 lb (450 kg) 1235: 626:. They were also produced at the 519:but was subsequently renamed the 494: 10225:Area bombing of cities (1942–43) 9852:1948 Northwood mid-air collision 7132:. Manchester, UK: Hikoki, 1998. 7024:The Observer's Book Of Airplanes 6593: 6474: 6460: 6445: 6316: 6307: 6298: 6262: 6259:Avro manufacturing drawing Z2852 6253: 6245:"Flying Gas Station In The Sky". 6238: 6229: 6146: 6124: 6068: 6027: 6018: 5934: 5920: 5911: 5893: 5884: 5527:"Bomber Command: Campaign Diary" 5219:Goulding and Garbett 1966, p. 7. 4771:Goulding and Garbett 1966, p. 6. 4699:Goulding and Garbett 1966, p. 5. 4672:Goulding and Garbett 1966, p. 4. 4590:Goulding and Garbett 1966, p. 3. 4319:List of aircraft of World War II 4177: 3776:, Lancaster KB 882 moved to the 3669: 3656: 3643: 3630: 3617: 3604: 3591: 3578: 3565: 3552: 3546:List of Avro Lancaster operators 2935:, achieving 757 tanker sorties. 2767: 1735:Stabilizing Automatic Bomb Sight 1470:bombs displayed with a standard 1358: 1349: 1209: 1200: 997: 988: 876:made "paddle blade" propellers. 291:(RCAF) and squadrons from other 40: 14118:Aircraft of the Australian Army 13071:aircraft serial-number prefixes 10153:RAF strategic bombing 1942–1945 10026:/ Canadian Federal Aircraft Ltd 7384:. Mushroom Model Publications. 7208:The Bombing War, Europe 1939-45 7101:. No. 95. pp. 64–70. 7062:Mantelli, Brown, Kittel, Graf, 6141:Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame. 5574: 5518: 5121: 5091: 5075: 5054: 5045: 5036: 5015: 4999: 4977: 4961: 4952: 4943: 4927: 4918: 4831: 4822: 4807: 4792: 4774: 4741: 4637: 4611: 4558: 4549: 4413: 4396: 4383: 4370: 4349: 4022:Notable pilots and crew members 3912:68,000 lb (30,844 kg) 3906:55,000 lb (24,948 kg) 3900:36,900 lb (16,738 kg) 3760:Bomber Command Museum of Canada 2357:Peenemünde Army Research Center 2093:and the three factories of the 1564:Docks, fortifications and ships 511:installation developed for the 111: 12886:Ontario Provincial Air Service 7241:The Royal Air Force Day by Day 5006:"The Kite That Smashed Berlin" 4936:, "The Children's Crusade" in 4492: 4465: 4456: 4447: 4336: 2921:British South American Airways 2583:, aimed at the destruction of 2351:On the night of 17/18 August, 2301:and the Italian naval base at 2023:, having loaned aircraft from 1276: 1191: 945:The Lancaster uses a mid-wing 399: 311:and was modified to carry the 13: 1: 14171:Four-engined tractor aircraft 14161:1940s British bomber aircraft 10158:Area Bombing Directive (1942) 9886:1955 Shackleton disappearance 7382:Avro Lancaster: The Survivors 7243:. Stroud: The History Press. 7187:. New York: NYU Press, 1995. 7150:. London: John Murray, 2009. 7115:The British Bomber since 1914 6794:Claims to Fame: The Lancaster 6484:– via www.facebook.com. 6377:March/April 2000, pp. 21, 24. 5317:"Campaign Diary, August 1942" 4426: 4236:(Transport with new fuselage) 4079:Robert Anthony Maurice Palmer 3985:Browning Mark II machine guns 2726:United States Army Air Forces 2651: 2224:, to destroy the dams of the 1699: 578: 467:, using Rolls-Royce Vulture, 14196:Four-engined piston aircraft 14181:Aircraft first flown in 1941 14166:World War II British bombers 12387:Hurricane Mk.X, XI & XII 12324:Canadian Associated Aircraft 6707:. Bath, UK: Parragon, 2003. 6601:"Cheshire, Geoffrey Leonard" 6416:March/April 2000, pp. 24–25. 6403:March/April 2000, pp. 17–19. 6390:March/April 2000, pp. 19–20. 6348:March/April 2000, pp. 20–21. 6335:March/April 2000, pp. 25–26. 4972:wwiiaircraftperformance.org. 4969:"Lancaster I/III data card." 4431: 4378:North American B-25 Mitchell 4123:Notable appearances in media 3802:Specifications (Lancaster I) 3539: 3317:Royal Aircraft Establishment 2899: 2892:and finally replaced by the 2285:. This was a key element of 1808:, it was removed altogether. 1552:V-1 flying bomb launch sites 1241:almost never used. When the 315:"bouncing bomb" designed by 271:and in one of the versions, 7: 13081:indicate prefixes not used. 10168:Casablanca directive (1943) 6590:Richards 1995, pp. 346–347. 6581:Richards 1995, pp. 157–160. 6563:Richards 1995, pp. 304–305. 6153:"Lancasters After The War." 5607:Robertson 1964, pp. 39, 50. 4789:Bridgman 1988, pp. 105–106. 4391:Consolidated B-24 Liberator 4252:Consolidated B-24 Liberator 4247:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress 4162: 4007:H2S radar in later variants 3481:for the engine used in the 3239:0.5in Browning machine guns 2950: 2780:During the summer of 1946, 2419:occurred around this time. 2260:, and subsequently a film, 1983:to anti-aircraft fire over 1871:Automatic Gun-Laying Turret 1743:it was a tachometric sight. 1299:the turret was called the " 1124: 884: 436:of 1936 for a twin-engined 281:strategic bombing offensive 244:(RAF) during the same era. 10: 14217: 14191:World War II heavy bombers 12807:Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm 12289:Toronto Curtiss Aeroplanes 12259:Canadian Aerodrome Company 10245:Battle of Berlin (1943–44) 10189:Frederick "Prof" Lindemann 9881:1953 Skyways disappearance 7239:Pitchfork, Graham (2008). 6622: 6100:"The Canadian Lancasters." 5861:Robertson 1964, pp. 86–87. 5852:Robertson 1964, pp. 85–86. 5778:Robertson 1964, pp. 83–84. 5760:Robertson 1964, pp. 75–77. 5730:Robertson 1964, pp. 69–70. 5712:Robertson 1964, pp. 66–67. 5691:Robertson 1964, pp. 65–66. 5634:Robertson 1964, pp. 53–54. 5625:Robertson 1964, pp. 50–54. 5598:Robertson 1964, pp. 38–39. 5525:RAF staff (6 April 2005), 5503:Robertson 1964, pp. 35–36. 5473:Robertson 1964, pp. 31–32. 5452:Robertson 1964, pp. 29–32. 5434:Robertson 1964, pp. 27-28. 5425:Robertson 1964, pp. 26–27. 5386:Robertson 1964, pp. 22–23. 5368:Robertson 1964, pp. 21–22. 5282:Robertson 1964, pp. 20–21. 5261:Robertson 1964, pp. 19–20. 5237:Robertson 1964, pp. 17–18. 5228:Robertson 1964, pp. 16–17. 5169:Robertson 1964, pp. 14–15. 5012:, March 1944, pp. 48C–48H. 4681:Robertson 1964, pp. 79–81. 4608:Jackson 1990, pp. 355–356. 4489:Retrieved: 3 January 2012. 4140: 3698:Canadian Warplane Heritage 3686: 3543: 2508:, which was anchored in a 2355:was conducted against the 2289:, the bombing of a German 2147:; only a single aircraft, 1639:Valentin submarine factory 1525:Blast, demolition and fire 404: 131:Royal Australian Air Force 14126: 14100: 13798: 13705: 13163: 13086: 13076: 13012: 12979: 12956: 12935: 12902: 12884: 12859: 12841: 12825:National Research Council 12823: 12805: 12777: 12727: 12711: 12641: 12618: 12538: 12505: 12405: 12340: 12322: 12285: 12257: 12172: 12156:Bristol/McDonald Brothers 12154: 12093: 12055:Boeing Aircraft of Canada 12053: 11995: 11962: 11946: 11928: 11854: 11818: 11574: 11539: 11404: 11254: 11182: 11122: 10953: 10878: 10830: 10795: 10715: 10660: 10567: 10516: 10470: 10397: 10331: 10288: 10235:Battle of the Ruhr (1943) 10212: 10176: 10140: 10064: 10031: 9974: 9953: 9866:1950 Llandow air disaster 9809: 9777: 9731: 9715: 9689: 9570: 9499: 9443: 9370: 9274: 9113: 9037: 9030: 8068: 7564: 7555: 7509: 7473: 7464: 7261:. London: Coronet, 1995. 7163:Avro Lancaster I & II 7066:. Edizioni R.E.I., 2017. 7022:Lawrence, Joseph (1945). 7010:. Pen & Sword, 2007. 6888:Canadian Military History 6774:Flower, Stephen (2013) . 6675:Weidenfeld & Nicolson 6165:Retrieved 3 October 2011. 6143:Retrieved 3 October 2011. 6112:Retrieved 3 October 2011. 6087:Retrieved 3 October 2011. 4974:Retrieved: 6 August 2013. 4599:Robertson 1964, pp. 9–11. 4499:"First to South America." 4453:McKinstry 2009, pp. 9–10. 4143:Avro Lancaster in fiction 4043:Ian Willoughby Bazalgette 3774:Edmundston, New Brunswick 3751:, NX611, is based in the 3081:insignia of the Japanese. 2925:Flight Refuelling Limited 2919:as freighters for use by 2703:Boeing B-29 Superfortress 2504:, were conducted against 2003:hailed by Prime Minister 1879:mounted below the turret. 1804:. Once this was realised 1710:Course Setting Bomb Sight 1397:was created to carry out 964:and fixed tailwheel; the 879: 765: 744: 738: 709: 703: 603:and were test-flown from 232:as a contemporary of the 197: 187: 177: 166: 158: 150: 145: 137: 118: 106: 94: 82: 74: 64: 59: 48: 39: 34: 13069:Australian Defence Force 12342:Canadian Car and Foundry 10559:Light Night Strike Force 9816:Accidents and incidents 7117:. London: Putnam, 1994. 6963:Lancaster: The Biography 6726:Collier, Basil (1976) , 6442:March/April 2000, p. 26. 6429:March/April 2000, p. 16. 6364:March/April 2000, p. 25. 5083:"Lancaster: Bomb Loads." 4816:Halifax - Second to none 4801:Halifax - Second to none 4525:Mason 1994, pp. 324–325. 4410:, rather than as a bomb. 4329: 4257:Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor 3983:Two 0.303-inch (7.7 mm) 3826:Avro Aircraft since 1908 3340:", which went to France. 2882:Royal Canadian Air Force 2868:Royal Canadian Air Force 2378:Royal Canadian Air Force 1340: 909:Hydromatic three-bladed 613:Lancaster Aircraft Group 351:Armstrong Siddeley Mamba 344:Metropolitan-Vickers F.2 289:Royal Canadian Air Force 217:, commonly known as the 172:Royal Canadian Air Force 127:Royal Canadian Air Force 12904:Ottawa Car and Aircraft 12397:Harvard Mk.IIB and Mk.4 12392:Norseman Mk.V & VII 7206:Overy, Richard (2013), 7082:(in French) (37): 2–9. 6882:Haller, Oliver (2011). 6510:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu 6235:Franks 2000, pp. 83–84. 6205: 6105:30 October 2016 at the 5787:McKinstry 2009, p. 425. 5064:John Murray Publishers 5051:McKinstry 2009, p. 275. 5042:McKinstry 2009, p. 268. 5021:McKinstry 2009, p. 265. 4938:Disturbing the Universe 4828:Neillands 1995, p. 109. 4643:Winchester 2005, p. 27. 4444:Norris 1966, pp. 13–14. 4324:List of bomber aircraft 4115:Captain (acting Major) 3840:General characteristics 3452:Maritime Reconnaissance 3393:Mark 10 Passenger Plane 3376:International Air Show. 3063:operations against the 2581:Bombing of Obersalzberg 2527:On 1 January 1945, the 2487:German battleship 1959:German battleship 1820:Boozer (radar detector) 1499:incendiary area bombing 923:anti-aircraft batteries 517:Type 683 Manchester III 394:London Heathrow Airport 323:, the attack on German 14151:Aviation in Lancashire 13027:CL-515 First Responder 12357:Anson Mk.II & Mk.V 11872:Hawker Siddeley Canada 10199:Sir Archibald Sinclair 10184:Arthur "Bomber" Harris 10163:Dehousing paper (1942) 10082:Hawker Siddeley Canada 9901:1959 Air Charter crash 9500:Sports/racing aircraft 6572:Richards 1995, p. 310. 6554:Falconer 2003, p. 170. 6538:Richards 1995, p. 319. 6163:Bomber Command Museum. 6158:26 August 2011 at the 6136:13 August 2011 at the 6110:Bomber Command Museum. 6080:30 August 2011 at the 5831:Robertson 1964, p. 85. 5822:Robertson 1964, p. 84. 5769:Robertson 1964, p. 82. 5751:Robertson 1964, p. 74. 5721:Robertson 1964, p. 68. 5703:Robertson 1964, p. 66. 5682:Robertson 1964, p. 65. 5661:Robertson 1964, p. 64. 5652:Robertson 1964, p. 63. 5643:Robertson 1964, p. 54. 5616:Robertson 1964, p. 50. 5589:Robertson 1964, p. 38. 5580:Richards 2001, p. 200. 5571:Robertson 1964, p. 37. 5559:Robertson 1964, p. 36. 5494:Robertson 1964, p. 35. 5485:Robertson 1964, p. 34. 5464:Robertson 1964, p. 30. 5443:Robertson 1964, p. 29. 5416:Robertson 1964, p. 26. 5407:Robertson 1964, p. 59. 5398:Robertson 1964, p. 23. 5377:Robertson 1964, p. 22. 5359:Robertson 1964, p. 21. 5273:Robertson 1964, p. 20. 5249:Robertson 1964, p. 19. 5199:Robertson 1964, p. 16. 5181:Robertson 1964, p. 15. 5128:Price, Alfred (1967). 4818:. Airlife. p. 74. 4803:. Airlife. p. 71. 4717:Robertson 1964, p. 81. 4634:Robertson 1964, p. 14. 4172: 4138: 3819: 3709: 3527: 3358: 3334:Browning .303 Mark IIs 3218: 3171: 3099: 3035: 2989: 2941:Trans-Canada Air Lines 2877: 2758:airborne early warning 2754:Hawker Siddeley Nimrod 2713:, the director of the 2669:Arthur "Bomber" Harris 2609: 2558:North Rhine-Westphalia 2338:Handley Page Halifaxes 2317: 2293:factory in the former 2072:Battle of the Atlantic 1970:North Rhine-Westphalia 1934: 1922: 1641: 1630: 1522:"Cookie"—or—"Plumduff" 1488:Type of raid or target 1479: 1460: 1403:"Upkeep" bouncing bomb 1314: 1286: 1269: 1143: 1099:Browning .303 Mark IIs 1069: 1053: 942: 894: 807: 688:Production by factory 679:transatlantic crossing 588: 554: 12350:Maple Leaf Trainer II 10344:Boston (Douglas DB-7) 10230:U-boat pens (1943–44) 10220:Oil targets (1940-45) 9954:Notable people/groups 7406:The Lancaster Archive 7380:White, Glenn (2010). 7375:on 22 September 2011. 6954:"The Immortal Lanc". 6494:Jackson 1990, p. 366. 6024:Jackson 1990, p. 365. 5890:Galland 2005, p. 119. 5513:Bahnsen & Stürmer 5104:lancaster-archive.com 5098:Black, Henry (2001), 5060:Leo McKinstry (2010) 4987:. Imperial War Museum 4564:Buttler 2004, p. 102. 4555:Buttler 2004, p. 104. 4534:Robertson 1964, p. 7. 4462:Cotter 2005, p. xiii. 4170: 4156:Appointment in London 4130: 4073:John Dering Nettleton 4027:Victoria Cross awards 3920:Rolls-Royce Merlin XX 3809: 3736:, is operated by the 3696: 3525: 3424:Bomber Reconnaissance 3397:Trans Canada Airlines 3395:. Six were built for 3352: 3296:No. 405 Squadron RCAF 3208: 3161: 3115:Due to the Luftwaffe 3093: 3033: 2987: 2961:Rolls-Royce Merlin XX 2875: 2603: 2315: 2135:, the bombing of the 1928: 1917: 1636: 1624: 1466: 1452:dropping bundles of ' 1447: 1319:de Havilland Mosquito 1309: 1284: 1267: 1158:Browning .303 Mark II 1137: 1059: 1051: 940: 892: 805: 755:Metropolitan-Vickers 650:-based aircraft firm 586: 552: 434:Specification P.13/36 426:four-engined bomber. 287:used by the RAF, the 256:Specification P.13/36 14108:Aircraft of the RAAF 12287:Canadian Aeroplanes/ 12212:CL-415 Super Scooper 10590:Defence of the Reich 9829:1945 Avro York crash 9732:Airliners/transports 9373:& reconnaissance 7411:"The Avro Lancaster" 7176:Moyes, Philip J.R., 7161:Moyes, Philip J.R., 6807:Franks, Richard A., 6758:Falconer, Jonathan, 6703:Chant, Christopher, 6455:RAF/MoD website News 6131:"Members' Profiles." 5143:Ward, Chris (2014). 4924:Iveson 2009, p. 222. 4780:Iveson 2009, p. 221. 4471:Taylor 1969, p. 314. 4272:Messerschmitt Me 264 4262:Handley Page Halifax 4059:Norman Cyril Jackson 3816:Handley Page Halifax 3789:Handley Page Halifax 3493:Photo reconnaissance 3466:Navigational trainer 3300:No. 635 Squadron RAF 3024:in-flight refuelling 2929:in-flight refuelling 2809:Ministry of Aviation 2538:Messerschmitt Me 262 2273:using the tactic of 1977:Boston, Lincolnshire 1629:viaduct, March 1945. 1450:No. 101 Squadron RAF 1292:gyroscopic gun sight 1186:Messerschmitt Me 262 1180:introduction of the 1173:Messerschmitt Bf 110 1163:Late on in the war, 1087:celestial navigation 1023:Operational research 919:interceptor aircraft 728:Armstrong Whitworth 628:Austin Motor Company 620:Metropolitan-Vickers 267:and powered by four 234:Handley Page Halifax 114:(in UK & Canada) 14113:Aircraft of the RAN 12540:de Havilland Canada 11123:Advanced trainers ( 10493:Intruder operations 10307:("Dambusters" raid) 10041:Avro Lancaster Mk.X 9906:1990 Scotland crash 7113:Mason, Francis K., 7049:Lancaster in action 6993:The Lancaster Story 6654:Bridgman, Leonard, 6635:, May 1944. No ISBN 6529:Mason 1994, p. 348. 6313:Holmes 2001, p. 39. 6304:Mason 1998, p. 102. 6295:Mason 1998, p. 302. 6268:Franks 2000, p. 87. 5930:. 22 February 2023. 5899:Iveson 2009, p. 82. 5813:, pp. 355–356. 4897:Franks 2000, p. 83. 4297:Supermarine B.12/36 4192:Related development 4159:with Dirk Bogarde. 4131:When the 1955 film 3910:Max takeoff weight: 3716:is operated by the 3410:Area Reconnaissance 3383:(what later became 3292:No. 83 Squadron RAF 3188:B.III modified for 3141:pressure-injection 3108:Armstrong Whitworth 2858:Argentine Air Force 2852:Argentine Air Force 2813:RAF Coastal Command 2540:, the first German 2502:Operation Catechism 2330:Vickers Wellingtons 2287:Operation Bellicose 2021:RAF Coastal Command 2013:Operation Millenium 1937:During early 1942, 1905:Operational history 1806:after mid-July 1944 1148:Nash & Thompson 1032:On the roof of the 1018:Mark XIV bomb sight 798:Further development 766:Vickers-Armstrongs 689: 624:Armstrong Whitworth 449:Rolls-Royce Vulture 279:in 1942 and as the 269:Rolls-Royce Merlins 60:General information 14201:Twin-tail aircraft 13804:Tri-Service series 12843:National Steel Car 12207:CL-215 Waterbomber 10610:Target for Tonight 10194:Sir Charles Portal 10148:Butt Report (1941) 9896:1958 Dan-Air crash 7272:Robertson, Bruce, 7198:Norris, Geoffrey, 7183:Neillands, Robin, 6718:Chorlton, Martyn, 6671:Wings on my Sleeve 6217:on 28 October 2020 5673:, pp. 68, 84. 5110:on 20 October 2007 5086:The Avro Lancaster 5081:Mason, Francis K. 4708:Brown 2016, p. 80. 4516:Norris 1966, p. 3. 4380:and other bombers. 4173: 4139: 3820: 3710: 3708:below the cockpit. 3683:Surviving aircraft 3528: 3479:jet engine testbed 3359: 3304:RAF Bomber Command 3288:No. 7 Squadron RAF 3219: 3172: 3139:Bendix – Stromberg 3100: 3036: 2990: 2886:Lancaster 10MR/MPs 2878: 2696:surrender of Japan 2680:Operation Downfall 2610: 2529:Dortmund–Ems Canal 2494:Operation Paravane 2359:, the site of the 2326:Operation Gomorrah 2318: 2277:from airfields in 2222:Operation Chastise 2202:Battle of the Ruhr 2025:RAF Bomber Command 1935: 1923: 1720:Mark XIV bombsight 1642: 1631: 1605:no code name given 1594:no code name given 1480: 1461: 1399:Operation Chastise 1315: 1287: 1270: 1226:Vickers Wellington 1144: 1130:Defensive armament 1070: 1054: 980:Crew accommodation 943: 903:Rolls-Royce Merlin 895: 808: 687: 640:Vickers-Armstrongs 605:Woodford Aerodrome 589: 555: 505:Rolls-Royce Merlin 409:In the 1930s, the 362:Avro Canada Orenda 321:Operation Chastise 277:RAF Bomber Command 14176:Mid-wing aircraft 14133: 14132: 13800:RAAF Series Three 13035: 13034: 12936:Reid/Curtiss-Reid 12277:Hubbard Monoplane 12217:CL-600 Challenger 12063:C-204 Thunderbird 11890: 11889: 11777: 11776: 11540:Torpedo bombers ( 11183:Trials aircraft ( 10796:Army aeroplanes ( 10661:Attack aircraft ( 10619: 10618: 10554:No. 100 Group RAF 10299:(Friedrichshafen) 10102: 10101: 9990: 9989: 9645: 9644: 9641: 9640: 9026: 9025: 9022: 9021: 8080: 7601: 7368:978-987-1682-00-3 7312:978-0-9570351-0-2 7257:Richards, Denis, 7250:978-0-7509-4309-3 7217:978-0-141-92782-4 7156:978-0-7195-2353-3 6971:978-0-233-00270-5 6919:978-0-330-39204-4 6907:Hastings, Sir Max 6785:978-1-4456-1828-9 6683:978-0-7538-2209-8 6647:Brickhill, Paul, 6504:Lednicer, David. 6470:. 11 August 2022. 6047:978-2-37297-333-5 5156:978-1-4738-3810-9 5070:978-0-7195-2363-2 5033:Brickhill 1951, . 4967:Stiriling, Neil. 4546:Moyes 1966, p. 3. 4361:Canada Carries On 4171:Propaganda poster 4084:Flight Lieutenant 3814:(yellow) and the 3742:Hamilton, Ontario 3468:. Five converted. 3365:centre of gravity 3355:RCAF 428 Squadron 3198:airborne lifeboat 2913:Bracebridge Heath 2834:French Aéronavale 2715:Manhattan Project 2620:' after the food 2593:. Unusually, the 2554:Bielefeld viaduct 2498:Operation Obviate 2394:Normandy landings 2342:air raid shelters 2074:by hindering the 2005:Winston Churchill 1798:suitably equipped 1716:advanced designs. 1697: 1696: 1619: 1618: 1448:Lancaster B.I of 1171:of the time, the 1111:aircraft lavatory 938: 921:and ground-based 870:Hamilton Standard 795: 794: 785:Victory Aircraft 523:. The prototype, 382:aerial refuelling 211: 210: 151:Introduction date 16:(Redirected from 14208: 13810: 13809: 13169: 13092: 13062: 13055: 13048: 13039: 13038: 13022:DHC-6 Twin Otter 13004:York C.1 Special 12981:Victory Aircraft 12712:Federal Aircraft 12620:Diamond Aircraft 12590:DH.60 Gipsy Moth 12573:DHC-6 Twin Otter 12462:CH-300 Pacemaker 12407:Canadian Vickers 12367:CBY-3 Loadmaster 12040:505 Jet Ranger X 12035:429 GlobalRanger 11947:Avian Industries 11917: 11910: 11903: 11894: 11893: 11882:Victory Aircraft 11804: 11797: 11790: 11781: 11780: 11578: 11543: 11408: 11258: 11255:Reconnaissance ( 11186: 11126: 10957: 10882: 10842: 10838: 10834: 10799: 10719: 10664: 10646: 10639: 10632: 10623: 10622: 10544:No. 6 Group RCAF 10478:Area bombardment 10462:Target indicator 10435:Blockbuster bomb 10250:Transport (1944) 10129: 10122: 10115: 10106: 10105: 10046:Avro Lancastrian 10024:Victory Aircraft 10017: 10010: 10003: 9994: 9993: 9778:Notable aircraft 9672: 9665: 9658: 9649: 9648: 9628:Roe III Triplane 9035: 9034: 8078: 7599: 7562: 7561: 7496:Roe III Triplane 7471: 7470: 7450: 7443: 7436: 7427: 7426: 7395: 7376: 7371:. Archived from 7287:Sweetman, Bill, 7254: 7220: 7110: 7091: 7047:Mackay, R.S.G., 7027: 7006:Knott, Richard, 6903: 6853: 6822:Galland, Adolf, 6792:Franks, Norman, 6789: 6743:Cotter, Jarrod, 6740: 6644: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6597: 6591: 6588: 6582: 6579: 6573: 6570: 6564: 6561: 6555: 6552: 6539: 6536: 6530: 6527: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6501: 6495: 6492: 6486: 6485: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6464: 6458: 6449: 6443: 6436: 6430: 6423: 6417: 6410: 6404: 6397: 6391: 6384: 6378: 6371: 6365: 6358: 6349: 6342: 6336: 6329: 6323: 6320: 6314: 6311: 6305: 6302: 6296: 6293: 6278: 6275: 6269: 6266: 6260: 6257: 6251: 6242: 6236: 6233: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6213:. Archived from 6203: 6166: 6150: 6144: 6128: 6122: 6119: 6113: 6097: 6088: 6072: 6066: 6065: 6059: 6051: 6031: 6025: 6022: 6016: 6013: 6004: 6001: 5995: 5992: 5986: 5983: 5968: 5967: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5924: 5918: 5915: 5909: 5906: 5900: 5897: 5891: 5888: 5882: 5879: 5862: 5859: 5853: 5850: 5844: 5838: 5832: 5829: 5823: 5820: 5814: 5808: 5802: 5799: 5788: 5785: 5779: 5776: 5770: 5767: 5761: 5758: 5752: 5749: 5743: 5740: 5731: 5728: 5722: 5719: 5713: 5710: 5704: 5701: 5692: 5689: 5683: 5680: 5674: 5668: 5662: 5659: 5653: 5650: 5644: 5641: 5635: 5632: 5626: 5623: 5617: 5614: 5608: 5605: 5599: 5596: 5590: 5587: 5581: 5578: 5572: 5569: 5560: 5557: 5551: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5533:, archived from 5522: 5516: 5510: 5504: 5501: 5495: 5492: 5486: 5483: 5474: 5471: 5465: 5462: 5453: 5450: 5444: 5441: 5435: 5432: 5426: 5423: 5417: 5414: 5408: 5405: 5399: 5396: 5387: 5384: 5378: 5375: 5369: 5366: 5360: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5344: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5280: 5274: 5271: 5262: 5259: 5250: 5247: 5238: 5235: 5229: 5226: 5220: 5217: 5200: 5197: 5191: 5188: 5182: 5179: 5170: 5167: 5161: 5160: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5106:, archived from 5095: 5089: 5079: 5073: 5058: 5052: 5049: 5043: 5040: 5034: 5031: 5022: 5019: 5013: 5010:Popular Sciences 5003: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4981: 4975: 4965: 4959: 4956: 4950: 4947: 4941: 4931: 4925: 4922: 4916: 4913: 4898: 4895: 4884: 4881: 4850: 4849: 4843: 4835: 4829: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4796: 4790: 4787: 4781: 4778: 4772: 4769: 4752: 4745: 4739: 4736: 4730: 4727: 4718: 4715: 4709: 4706: 4700: 4697: 4682: 4679: 4673: 4670: 4653: 4650: 4644: 4641: 4635: 4632: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4591: 4588: 4565: 4562: 4556: 4553: 4547: 4544: 4535: 4532: 4526: 4523: 4517: 4514: 4505: 4504:20 January 1946. 4496: 4490: 4481: 4472: 4469: 4463: 4460: 4454: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4420: 4417: 4411: 4400: 4394: 4387: 4381: 4374: 4368: 4353: 4347: 4340: 4198:Avro Lancastrian 4187: 4182: 4181: 4180: 4103:Leonard Cheshire 4077:Squadron Leader 4071:Squadron Leader 4002: 3975: 3959:Service ceiling: 3936: 3842: 3782:Trenton, Ontario 3675: 3673: 3672: 3662: 3660: 3659: 3649: 3647: 3646: 3636: 3634: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3610: 3608: 3607: 3597: 3595: 3594: 3584: 3582: 3581: 3571: 3569: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3555: 3434:Drone controller 3381:Victory Aircraft 3284:Pathfinder units 3237:F turret (two X 3196:and carrying an 3104:Bristol Hercules 3096:Bristol Hercules 2906:prisoners of war 2890:Lockheed Neptune 2646:Windsor, Ontario 2573:Auguste Viktoria 2482:on 29 December. 2386:Battle of Berlin 2376:this point, the 2307:Italian Campaign 2230:No. 617 Squadron 2120:aircraft carrier 2087:Target Indicator 2083:Pathfinder Force 1989:aerial supremacy 1955:Heligoland Bight 1910:Second World War 1848:Southern England 1834:and early model 1741:Norden bombsight 1644: 1643: 1482: 1481: 1362: 1353: 1260:Mid-upper turret 1213: 1204: 1066:No. 460 Squadron 1001: 992: 939: 899:strategic bomber 788:Malton (Canada) 769:Castle Bromwich 699:Number produced 690: 686: 659:Victory Aircraft 477:Bristol Hercules 386:Avro Lancastrian 355:Rolls-Royce Dart 337:earthquake bombs 273:Bristol Hercules 223:Second World War 219:Lancaster Bomber 192:Avro Lancastrian 44: 32: 31: 21: 18:Lancaster bomber 14216: 14215: 14211: 14210: 14209: 14207: 14206: 14205: 14136: 14135: 14134: 14129: 14122: 14096: 13807: 13805: 13803: 13802: 13794: 13701: 13167: 13166: 13165:RAAF Series Two 13159: 13090: 13089: 13088:RAAF Series One 13082: 13072: 13066: 13036: 13031: 13008: 12975: 12952: 12931: 12898: 12880: 12855: 12837: 12833:tailless glider 12819: 12801: 12773: 12723: 12707: 12637: 12614: 12600:DH.83C Fox Moth 12534: 12530:J-5 Cub Cruiser 12501: 12482:Super Universal 12401: 12336: 12318: 12288: 12281: 12253: 12234:Freedom Fighter 12182:CL-4 North Star 12168: 12150: 12089: 12049: 11991: 11958: 11954:2/180 Gyroplane 11942: 11924: 11921: 11891: 11886: 11867:Hawker Siddeley 11850: 11819:A.V. Roe Canada 11814: 11808: 11778: 11773: 11570: 11535: 11400: 11250: 11178: 11118: 10949: 10874: 10826: 10791: 10711: 10656: 10650: 10620: 10615: 10563: 10549:No. 8 Group RAF 10539:No. 5 Group RAF 10534:No. 4 Group RAF 10529:No. 3 Group RAF 10524:No. 1 Group RAF 10512: 10508:Shuttle bombing 10466: 10440:Earthquake bomb 10393: 10327: 10284: 10208: 10172: 10136: 10133: 10103: 10098: 10093:Target - Berlin 10077:Hawker Siddeley 10060: 10027: 10021: 9991: 9986: 9970: 9949: 9871:1952 Luqa crash 9805: 9773: 9727: 9711: 9685: 9684:aircraft family 9676: 9646: 9637: 9633:Roe IV Triplane 9623:Roe II Triplane 9566: 9495: 9439: 9372: 9371:Maritime patrol 9366: 9270: 9109: 9018: 8070: 8064: 7566: 7557: 7551: 7505: 7501:Roe IV Triplane 7491:Roe II Triplane 7466: 7460: 7454: 7402: 7392: 7369: 7351: 7349:Further reading 7251: 7218: 6991:Jacobs, Peter, 6976:Jackson, A.J., 6939:Holmes, Harry, 6924:Holmes, Harry, 6786: 6738: 6688:Buttler, Tony, 6649:The Dam Busters 6625: 6620: 6619: 6609: 6607: 6605:tracesofwar.com 6599: 6598: 6594: 6589: 6585: 6580: 6576: 6571: 6567: 6562: 6558: 6553: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6528: 6524: 6514: 6512: 6502: 6498: 6493: 6489: 6480: 6479: 6475: 6466: 6465: 6461: 6450: 6446: 6437: 6433: 6424: 6420: 6411: 6407: 6398: 6394: 6385: 6381: 6372: 6368: 6359: 6352: 6343: 6339: 6330: 6326: 6321: 6317: 6312: 6308: 6303: 6299: 6294: 6281: 6276: 6272: 6267: 6263: 6258: 6254: 6250:, January 1947. 6248:Popular Science 6243: 6239: 6234: 6230: 6220: 6218: 6204: 6169: 6160:Wayback Machine 6151: 6147: 6138:Wayback Machine 6129: 6125: 6120: 6116: 6107:Wayback Machine 6098: 6091: 6082:Wayback Machine 6073: 6069: 6053: 6052: 6048: 6032: 6028: 6023: 6019: 6014: 6007: 6002: 5998: 5993: 5989: 5984: 5971: 5956: 5939: 5935: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5916: 5912: 5907: 5903: 5898: 5894: 5889: 5885: 5880: 5865: 5860: 5856: 5851: 5847: 5839: 5835: 5830: 5826: 5821: 5817: 5809: 5805: 5800: 5791: 5786: 5782: 5777: 5773: 5768: 5764: 5759: 5755: 5750: 5746: 5741: 5734: 5729: 5725: 5720: 5716: 5711: 5707: 5702: 5695: 5690: 5686: 5681: 5677: 5669: 5665: 5660: 5656: 5651: 5647: 5642: 5638: 5633: 5629: 5624: 5620: 5615: 5611: 5606: 5602: 5597: 5593: 5588: 5584: 5579: 5575: 5570: 5563: 5558: 5554: 5546: 5542: 5523: 5519: 5511: 5507: 5502: 5498: 5493: 5489: 5484: 5477: 5472: 5468: 5463: 5456: 5451: 5447: 5442: 5438: 5433: 5429: 5424: 5420: 5415: 5411: 5406: 5402: 5397: 5390: 5385: 5381: 5376: 5372: 5367: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5338: 5337: 5330: 5328: 5325:Royal Air Force 5315: 5314: 5310: 5302: 5298: 5290: 5286: 5281: 5277: 5272: 5265: 5260: 5253: 5248: 5241: 5236: 5232: 5227: 5223: 5218: 5203: 5198: 5194: 5189: 5185: 5180: 5173: 5168: 5164: 5157: 5141: 5137: 5126: 5122: 5113: 5111: 5096: 5092: 5080: 5076: 5059: 5055: 5050: 5046: 5041: 5037: 5032: 5025: 5020: 5016: 5004: 5000: 4990: 4988: 4983: 4982: 4978: 4966: 4962: 4957: 4953: 4948: 4944: 4932: 4928: 4923: 4919: 4914: 4901: 4896: 4887: 4882: 4853: 4846:Royal Air Force 4841: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4823: 4812: 4808: 4797: 4793: 4788: 4784: 4779: 4775: 4770: 4755: 4746: 4742: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4721: 4716: 4712: 4707: 4703: 4698: 4685: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4624: 4616: 4612: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4568: 4563: 4559: 4554: 4550: 4545: 4538: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4520: 4515: 4508: 4497: 4493: 4482: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4461: 4457: 4452: 4448: 4443: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4423: 4418: 4414: 4401: 4397: 4388: 4384: 4375: 4371: 4354: 4350: 4341: 4337: 4332: 4302:Vickers Windsor 4222:Avro Shackleton 4216:Avro Manchester 4210:Avro Lincolnian 4185:Aviation portal 4183: 4178: 4176: 4165: 4150:The Dam Busters 4145: 4134:The Dam Busters 4125: 4095:George Thompson 4092:Flight Sergeant 4067:Andrew Mynarski 4056:Warrant Officer 4040:Squadron Leader 4029: 4024: 4003: 3998: 3976: 3971: 3932: 3838: 3804: 3764:Nanton, Alberta 3734:Andrew Mynarski 3702:Andrew Mynarski 3691: 3685: 3670: 3668: 3657: 3655: 3644: 3642: 3631: 3629: 3618: 3616: 3605: 3603: 3592: 3590: 3579: 3577: 3566: 3564: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3542: 3456:Maritime Patrol 3154:B.III (Special) 2953: 2902: 2870: 2854: 2836: 2801:No. 82 Squadron 2782:No. 35 Squadron 2775: 2773:Royal Air Force 2770: 2724:, the Chief of 2722:Henry H. Arnold 2684:Pacific theatre 2654: 2618:Operation Manna 2550:Grand Slam bomb 2514:Occupied Norway 2436:V-1 flying bomb 2417:'Tallboy' bombs 2353:Operation Hydra 2346:carbon monoxide 2334:Short Stirlings 2299:Friedrichshafen 2275:shuttle bombing 2263:The Dam Busters 2248:, and then the 2137:Schneider Works 2118:as well as the 1951:No. 97 Squadron 1939:No. 44 Squadron 1912: 1907: 1750: 1702: 1572:"Plumduff-Plus" 1438:, were fitted. 1367: 1366: 1365: 1364: 1363: 1355: 1354: 1343: 1279: 1262: 1238: 1222:Avro Manchester 1218: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1206: 1205: 1194: 1132: 1127: 1107:chemical toilet 1038:flight engineer 1006: 1005: 1004: 1003: 1002: 994: 993: 982: 928: 887: 882: 874:Nash Kelvinator 851:was powered by 849:Lancaster B.III 800: 684: 663:Malton, Ontario 581: 532:Ringway Airport 497: 411:Royal Air Force 407: 402: 378:Avro Shackleton 249:Avro Manchester 242:Royal Air Force 221:, is a British 204: 182:Avro Manchester 133: 129: 123:Royal Air Force 102: 75:National origin 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14214: 14204: 14203: 14198: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14146:Avro Lancaster 14131: 14130: 14127: 14124: 14123: 14121: 14120: 14115: 14110: 14104: 14102: 14098: 14097: 14095: 14094: 14089: 14084: 14079: 14074: 14069: 14064: 14059: 14054: 14049: 14044: 14039: 14034: 14029: 14024: 14019: 14014: 14009: 14004: 13999: 13994: 13989: 13984: 13979: 13974: 13969: 13964: 13959: 13954: 13949: 13944: 13939: 13934: 13929: 13924: 13919: 13914: 13909: 13904: 13899: 13894: 13889: 13884: 13879: 13874: 13869: 13864: 13859: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13819: 13813: 13811: 13796: 13795: 13793: 13792: 13787: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13711: 13709: 13703: 13702: 13700: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13439: 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13409: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13374: 13369: 13364: 13359: 13354: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13173: 13171: 13161: 13160: 13158: 13157: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13127: 13122: 13117: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13096: 13094: 13084: 13083: 13077: 13074: 13073: 13065: 13064: 13057: 13050: 13042: 13033: 13032: 13030: 13029: 13024: 13018: 13016: 13010: 13009: 13007: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12989:Lancaster Mk.X 12985: 12983: 12977: 12976: 12974: 12973: 12968: 12962: 12960: 12954: 12953: 12951: 12950: 12945: 12939: 12937: 12933: 12932: 12930: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12908: 12906: 12900: 12899: 12897: 12896: 12894:CA-6M Airsedan 12890: 12888: 12882: 12881: 12879: 12878: 12872: 12871: 12865: 12863: 12857: 12856: 12854: 12853: 12847: 12845: 12839: 12838: 12836: 12835: 12829: 12827: 12821: 12820: 12818: 12817: 12811: 12809: 12803: 12802: 12800: 12799: 12797:Centennial 100 12794: 12789: 12783: 12781: 12775: 12774: 12772: 12771: 12765: 12764: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12744: 12739: 12737:1,2,5 & 21 12733: 12731: 12725: 12724: 12722: 12721: 12715: 12713: 12709: 12708: 12706: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12669: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12647: 12645: 12639: 12638: 12636: 12635: 12630: 12624: 12622: 12616: 12615: 12613: 12612: 12607: 12605:DH.98 Mosquito 12602: 12597: 12592: 12586: 12585: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12550: 12548:DHC-1 Chipmunk 12544: 12542: 12536: 12535: 12533: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12511: 12509: 12503: 12502: 12500: 12499: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12454: 12448: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12411: 12409: 12403: 12402: 12400: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12353: 12352: 12346: 12344: 12338: 12337: 12335: 12334: 12328: 12326: 12320: 12319: 12317: 12316: 12311: 12305: 12304: 12299: 12293: 12291: 12283: 12282: 12280: 12279: 12274: 12269: 12263: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12252: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12226: 12220: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12202:CL-84 Dynavert 12199: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12178: 12176: 12170: 12169: 12167: 12166: 12160: 12158: 12152: 12151: 12149: 12148: 12143: 12133:Challenger 300 12129: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12112:Global Express 12109: 12103:CRJ100/200/440 12099: 12097: 12091: 12090: 12088: 12087: 12082: 12077: 12071: 12070: 12065: 12059: 12057: 12051: 12050: 12048: 12047: 12045:525 Relentless 12042: 12037: 12032: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12001: 11999: 11993: 11992: 11990: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11977:C-102 Jetliner 11974: 11968: 11966: 11960: 11959: 11957: 11956: 11950: 11948: 11944: 11943: 11941: 11940: 11934: 11932: 11926: 11925: 11920: 11919: 11912: 11905: 11897: 11888: 11887: 11885: 11884: 11879: 11877:Orenda Engines 11874: 11869: 11864: 11855: 11852: 11851: 11849: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11826:C 102 Jetliner 11822: 11820: 11816: 11815: 11807: 11806: 11799: 11792: 11784: 11775: 11774: 11772: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11741: 11736: 11731: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11588: 11582: 11580: 11572: 11571: 11569: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11547: 11545: 11537: 11536: 11534: 11533: 11528: 11523: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11412: 11410: 11402: 11401: 11399: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11262: 11260: 11252: 11251: 11249: 11248: 11239: 11226: 11221: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11190: 11188: 11180: 11179: 11177: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11146: 11141: 11136: 11130: 11128: 11120: 11119: 11117: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11032: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10961: 10959: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10886: 10884: 10876: 10875: 10873: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10846: 10844: 10828: 10827: 10825: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10803: 10801: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10723: 10721: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10668: 10666: 10658: 10657: 10649: 10648: 10641: 10634: 10626: 10617: 10616: 10614: 10613: 10606: 10603:Into the Storm 10599: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10571: 10569: 10565: 10564: 10562: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10520: 10518: 10514: 10513: 10511: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10474: 10472: 10468: 10467: 10465: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10453: 10452: 10447: 10437: 10432: 10430:"Monica" radar 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10401: 10399: 10395: 10394: 10392: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10335: 10333: 10329: 10328: 10326: 10325: 10317: 10309: 10301: 10292: 10290: 10286: 10285: 10283: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10216: 10214: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10180: 10178: 10174: 10173: 10171: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10144: 10142: 10138: 10137: 10132: 10131: 10124: 10117: 10109: 10100: 10099: 10097: 10096: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10065: 10062: 10061: 10059: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10032: 10029: 10028: 10020: 10019: 10012: 10005: 9997: 9988: 9987: 9985: 9984: 9982:Orange Harvest 9978: 9976: 9972: 9971: 9969: 9968: 9963: 9957: 9955: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9936: 9935: 9925: 9924: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9854: 9849: 9840: 9831: 9826: 9813: 9811: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9803: 9796: 9789: 9781: 9779: 9775: 9774: 9772: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9735: 9733: 9729: 9728: 9726: 9725: 9719: 9717: 9713: 9712: 9710: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9693: 9691: 9687: 9686: 9675: 9674: 9667: 9660: 9652: 9643: 9642: 9639: 9638: 9636: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9618:Roe I Triplane 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9574: 9572: 9568: 9567: 9565: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9532:Antarctic Baby 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9503: 9501: 9497: 9496: 9494: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9447: 9445: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9376: 9374: 9368: 9367: 9365: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9347:Manchester (2) 9344: 9342:Manchester (1) 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9278: 9276: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9117: 9115: 9111: 9110: 9108: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9041: 9039: 9032: 9028: 9027: 9024: 9023: 9020: 9019: 9017: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8074: 8072: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7570: 7568: 7559: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7513: 7511: 7507: 7506: 7504: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7486:Roe I Triplane 7483: 7477: 7475: 7468: 7462: 7461: 7453: 7452: 7445: 7438: 7430: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7408: 7401: 7400:External links 7398: 7397: 7396: 7391:978-8389450470 7390: 7377: 7367: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7345: 7330: 7315: 7300: 7289:Avro Lancaster 7285: 7270: 7255: 7249: 7236: 7221: 7216: 7203: 7196: 7181: 7174: 7159: 7144:McKinstry, Leo 7141: 7126: 7111: 7098:Air Enthusiast 7092: 7075: 7060: 7045: 7033:Air Enthusiast 7028: 7019: 7004: 6989: 6974: 6961:Iveson, Tony, 6959: 6952: 6937: 6922: 6911:Bomber Command 6904: 6879: 6861: 6854: 6841:Air Enthusiast 6835: 6820: 6805: 6790: 6784: 6771: 6756: 6741: 6736: 6723: 6716: 6701: 6686: 6667: 6652: 6651:. Evans, 1951. 6645: 6636: 6624: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6592: 6583: 6574: 6565: 6556: 6540: 6531: 6522: 6496: 6487: 6473: 6459: 6444: 6440:Air Enthusiast 6431: 6427:Air Enthusiast 6418: 6414:Air Enthusiast 6405: 6401:Air Enthusiast 6392: 6388:Air Enthusiast 6379: 6375:Air Enthusiast 6366: 6362:Air Enthusiast 6350: 6346:Air Enthusiast 6337: 6333:Air Enthusiast 6324: 6315: 6306: 6297: 6279: 6270: 6261: 6252: 6237: 6228: 6167: 6145: 6123: 6114: 6089: 6075:"Lancaster X." 6067: 6046: 6026: 6017: 6005: 5996: 5987: 5969: 5954: 5942:Groves, Leslie 5933: 5919: 5910: 5901: 5892: 5883: 5863: 5854: 5845: 5833: 5824: 5815: 5803: 5789: 5780: 5771: 5762: 5753: 5744: 5732: 5723: 5714: 5705: 5693: 5684: 5675: 5663: 5654: 5645: 5636: 5627: 5618: 5609: 5600: 5591: 5582: 5573: 5561: 5552: 5550:, p. 334. 5540: 5537:on 6 July 2007 5517: 5505: 5496: 5487: 5475: 5466: 5454: 5445: 5436: 5427: 5418: 5409: 5400: 5388: 5379: 5370: 5361: 5352: 5308: 5306:, p. 262. 5304:Pitchfork 2008 5296: 5294:, p. 254. 5292:Pitchfork 2008 5284: 5275: 5263: 5251: 5239: 5230: 5221: 5201: 5192: 5183: 5171: 5162: 5155: 5135: 5120: 5090: 5074: 5053: 5044: 5035: 5023: 5014: 4998: 4976: 4960: 4951: 4942: 4926: 4917: 4899: 4885: 4851: 4830: 4821: 4806: 4791: 4782: 4773: 4753: 4740: 4731: 4719: 4710: 4701: 4683: 4674: 4654: 4645: 4636: 4622: 4610: 4601: 4592: 4566: 4557: 4548: 4536: 4527: 4518: 4506: 4491: 4473: 4464: 4455: 4446: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4421: 4412: 4395: 4382: 4369: 4348: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4327: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4292:Short Stirling 4289: 4284: 4282:Petlyakov Pe-8 4279: 4274: 4269: 4267:Heinkel He 177 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4238: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4189: 4188: 4164: 4161: 4141:Main article: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4119: 4113: 4097: 4089: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4061: 4053: 4048:Wing Commander 4045: 4033:Victoria Cross 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4018: 4015: 4008: 3996: 3995: 3989: 3969: 3968: 3965:Rate of climb: 3962: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3941:Maximum speed: 3930: 3929: 3923: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3812:Short Stirling 3803: 3800: 3706:Victoria Cross 3687:Main article: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3679: 3666: 3664:United Kingdom 3653: 3640: 3627: 3614: 3601: 3588: 3575: 3562: 3541: 3538: 3537: 3536: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3513: 3512: 3502: 3496: 3486: 3469: 3459: 3441: 3427: 3417: 3400: 3377: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3341: 3325: 3321: 3320: 3275: 3271: 3270: 3263: 3259: 3258: 3231: 3227: 3226: 3223: 3203: 3202: 3190:air-sea rescue 3186: 3182: 3181: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3131: 3127: 3126: 3112: 3111: 3098:radial engines 3088: 3087: 3083: 3082: 3057: 3053: 3052: 3040: 3028: 3027: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2976: 2957: 2952: 2949: 2933:Berlin Airlift 2901: 2898: 2894:Canadair Argus 2869: 2866: 2853: 2850: 2835: 2832: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2653: 2650: 2630:Book of Exodus 2438:launch sites. 2369:chemical works 2295:Zeppelin Works 2283:Maison Blanche 2234:bouncing bombs 2193:radial engined 1943:RAF Waddington 1931:homing pigeons 1920:night fighters 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1901: 1898: 1893: 1886: 1883:Airborne Cigar 1880: 1873: 1869:"Village Inn" 1867: 1864: 1859: 1844: 1839: 1830:Würzburg-Riese 1821: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1802:night fighters 1794: 1789: 1786: 1781: 1767: 1760:capabilities. 1749: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1737: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1713: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1650:Type of target 1648: 1617: 1616: 1609: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1575:Heavy industry 1573: 1569: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1549: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1533: 1526: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1357: 1356: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1301:Gransden Lodge 1278: 1275: 1261: 1258: 1237: 1236:Ventral turret 1234: 1230:Short Stirling 1208: 1207: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1182:Heinkel He 219 1169:night fighters 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1036:the pilot and 996: 995: 987: 986: 985: 984: 983: 981: 978: 886: 883: 881: 878: 853:Packard Merlin 841:Cambridgeshire 827:equipment and 799: 796: 793: 792: 789: 786: 782: 781: 778: 774: 773: 770: 767: 763: 762: 759: 758:Trafford Park 756: 752: 751: 750:Marston Green 747: 746: 743: 740: 739:Austin Motors 736: 735: 732: 729: 725: 724: 721: 717: 716: 712: 711: 708: 705: 701: 700: 697: 694: 652:Short Brothers 580: 577: 513:Beaufighter II 496: 495:Flight testing 493: 486:submitted the 406: 403: 401: 398: 374:anti-submarine 238:Short Stirling 215:Avro Lancaster 209: 208: 199: 198:Developed into 195: 194: 189: 185: 184: 179: 178:Developed from 175: 174: 170:April 1, 1964 168: 164: 163: 162:9 January 1941 160: 156: 155: 152: 148: 147: 143: 142: 139: 135: 134: 125: 120: 116: 115: 108: 104: 103: 98: 96: 92: 91: 86: 80: 79: 78:United Kingdom 76: 72: 71: 66: 62: 61: 57: 56: 49:Lancaster B.I 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14213: 14202: 14199: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14156:Avro aircraft 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14143: 14141: 14125: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14109: 14106: 14105: 14103: 14099: 14093: 14090: 14088: 14085: 14083: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14073: 14070: 14068: 14065: 14063: 14060: 14058: 14055: 14053: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14033: 14030: 14028: 14025: 14023: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13988: 13985: 13983: 13980: 13978: 13975: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13963: 13960: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13945: 13943: 13940: 13938: 13935: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13915: 13913: 13910: 13908: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13893: 13890: 13888: 13885: 13883: 13880: 13878: 13875: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13865: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13825: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13814: 13812: 13801: 13797: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13712: 13710: 13708: 13704: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13174: 13172: 13170: 13162: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13097: 13095: 13093: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13063: 13058: 13056: 13051: 13049: 13044: 13043: 13040: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13019: 13017: 13015: 13011: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12999:Lincoln Mk.XV 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12986: 12984: 12982: 12978: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12964: 12963: 12961: 12959: 12955: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12941: 12940: 12938: 12934: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12909: 12907: 12905: 12901: 12895: 12892: 12891: 12889: 12887: 12883: 12877: 12876:Harvard Mk.II 12874: 12873: 12870: 12867: 12866: 12864: 12862: 12858: 12852: 12849: 12848: 12846: 12844: 12840: 12834: 12831: 12830: 12828: 12826: 12822: 12816: 12813: 12812: 12810: 12808: 12804: 12798: 12795: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12785: 12784: 12782: 12780: 12776: 12770: 12767: 12766: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12755: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12734: 12732: 12730: 12726: 12720: 12717: 12716: 12714: 12710: 12704: 12703:SBF Helldiver 12701: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12670: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12648: 12646: 12644: 12640: 12634: 12633:DA40-180 Star 12631: 12629: 12626: 12625: 12623: 12621: 12617: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12587: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12568:DHC-5 Buffalo 12566: 12564: 12563:DHC-4 Caribou 12561: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12546: 12545: 12543: 12541: 12537: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12525:J-4 Cub Coupe 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12512: 12510: 12508: 12504: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12449: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12412: 12410: 12408: 12404: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12382:Goblin/Delfín 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12372:SBW Helldiver 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12354: 12351: 12348: 12347: 12345: 12343: 12339: 12333: 12330: 12329: 12327: 12325: 12321: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12306: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12294: 12292: 12290: 12284: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12272:Baddeck No. 2 12270: 12268: 12267:Baddeck No. 1 12265: 12264: 12262: 12260: 12256: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12221: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12179: 12177: 12175: 12171: 12165: 12162: 12161: 12159: 12157: 12153: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12138: 12134: 12131: 12130: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12104: 12101: 12100: 12098: 12096: 12092: 12086: 12085:PB2B Catalina 12083: 12081: 12078: 12076: 12073: 12072: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12060: 12058: 12056: 12052: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12002: 12000: 11998: 11994: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11972:CF-100 Canuck 11970: 11969: 11967: 11965: 11961: 11955: 11952: 11951: 11949: 11945: 11939: 11936: 11935: 11933: 11931: 11930:Airbus Canada 11927: 11918: 11913: 11911: 11906: 11904: 11899: 11898: 11895: 11883: 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11857: 11856: 11853: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11831:CF-100 Canuck 11829: 11827: 11824: 11823: 11821: 11817: 11812: 11805: 11800: 11798: 11793: 11791: 11786: 11785: 11782: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11583: 11581: 11573: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11548: 11546: 11538: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11403: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11263: 11261: 11253: 11247: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11234: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11191: 11189: 11181: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11131: 11129: 11121: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10962: 10960: 10952: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10887: 10885: 10877: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10847: 10845: 10829: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10804: 10802: 10794: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10724: 10722: 10714: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10669: 10667: 10659: 10654: 10647: 10642: 10640: 10635: 10633: 10628: 10627: 10624: 10612: 10611: 10607: 10605: 10604: 10600: 10598: 10597: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10572: 10570: 10566: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10521: 10519: 10515: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10498:Master Bomber 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10483:Bomber stream 10481: 10479: 10476: 10475: 10473: 10469: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10457:Bouncing bomb 10455: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10442: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10396: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10336: 10334: 10330: 10324: 10322: 10318: 10316: 10314: 10310: 10308: 10306: 10302: 10300: 10298: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10287: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10217: 10215: 10211: 10205: 10204:Arthur Tedder 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10181: 10179: 10175: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10145: 10143: 10139: 10130: 10125: 10123: 10118: 10116: 10111: 10110: 10107: 10095: 10094: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10067: 10066: 10063: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10033: 10030: 10025: 10018: 10013: 10011: 10006: 10004: 9999: 9998: 9995: 9983: 9980: 9979: 9977: 9973: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9961:Stuart Davies 9959: 9958: 9956: 9952: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9934: 9931: 9930: 9929: 9926: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9861:disappearance 9860: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9847:disappearance 9846: 9841: 9839: 9837: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9824:disappearance 9823: 9818: 9817: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9808: 9802: 9801: 9797: 9795: 9794: 9790: 9788: 9787: 9783: 9782: 9780: 9776: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9736: 9734: 9730: 9724: 9721: 9720: 9718: 9714: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9694: 9692: 9688: 9683: 9680: 9673: 9668: 9666: 9661: 9659: 9654: 9653: 9650: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9613:Roe I Biplane 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9569: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9498: 9492: 9491:Tiger Fighter 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9442: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9377: 9375: 9369: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9279: 9277: 9273: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9118: 9116: 9112: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9036: 9033: 9029: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8067: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7563: 7560: 7554: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7508: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7481:Roe I Biplane 7479: 7478: 7476: 7472: 7469: 7463: 7458: 7451: 7446: 7444: 7439: 7437: 7432: 7431: 7428: 7422: 7419: 7416: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7393: 7387: 7383: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7364: 7360: 7359: 7353: 7352: 7343: 7342:1-84013-639-1 7339: 7335: 7331: 7328: 7327:0-425-03633-2 7324: 7320: 7316: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7298: 7297:0-7106-0132-8 7294: 7290: 7286: 7283: 7282:0-900435-10-0 7279: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7267:0-340-61720-9 7264: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7246: 7242: 7237: 7234: 7233:1-55046-006-4 7230: 7226: 7223:Page, Bette, 7222: 7219: 7213: 7209: 7204: 7201: 7197: 7194: 7193:0-814757-81-2 7190: 7186: 7182: 7179: 7175: 7172: 7171:0-905469-65-8 7168: 7164: 7160: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7142: 7139: 7138:0-9519899-9-5 7135: 7131: 7127: 7124: 7123:0-85177-861-5 7120: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7099: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7076: 7073: 7072:2-37297-333-9 7069: 7065: 7061: 7058: 7057:0-89747-130-X 7054: 7050: 7046: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7034: 7029: 7025: 7020: 7017: 7016:1-84415-485-8 7013: 7009: 7005: 7002: 7001:1-85409-456-4 6998: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6986:0-85177-834-8 6983: 6979: 6975: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6957: 6953: 6950: 6949:1-84037-288-5 6946: 6942: 6938: 6935: 6934:1-84037-376-8 6931: 6927: 6923: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6880: 6877: 6876:0-75094-479-X 6873: 6869: 6865: 6864:Gunston, Bill 6862: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6842: 6836: 6833: 6832:1-84145-020-0 6829: 6825: 6821: 6818: 6817:0-9533465-3-6 6814: 6810: 6806: 6803: 6802:1-85409-220-0 6799: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6781: 6777: 6772: 6769: 6768:0-7509-3171-X 6765: 6761: 6757: 6754: 6753:0-7509-4192-8 6750: 6746: 6742: 6739: 6737:0-7057-0070-4 6733: 6729: 6724: 6721: 6717: 6714: 6713:0-7525-8769-2 6710: 6706: 6702: 6699: 6698:1-85780-179-2 6695: 6691: 6687: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6669:Brown, Eric, 6668: 6665: 6664:0-517-67964-7 6661: 6657: 6653: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6637: 6634: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6606: 6602: 6596: 6587: 6578: 6569: 6560: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6535: 6526: 6511: 6507: 6500: 6491: 6483: 6477: 6469: 6463: 6456: 6453: 6448: 6441: 6435: 6428: 6422: 6415: 6409: 6402: 6396: 6389: 6383: 6376: 6370: 6363: 6357: 6355: 6347: 6341: 6334: 6328: 6319: 6310: 6301: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6274: 6265: 6256: 6249: 6246: 6241: 6232: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6164: 6161: 6157: 6154: 6149: 6142: 6139: 6135: 6132: 6127: 6118: 6111: 6108: 6104: 6101: 6096: 6094: 6086: 6083: 6079: 6076: 6071: 6063: 6057: 6049: 6043: 6039: 6038: 6030: 6021: 6012: 6010: 6000: 5991: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5955:0-306-70738-1 5951: 5947: 5943: 5937: 5929: 5923: 5914: 5905: 5896: 5887: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5858: 5849: 5843:, p. 12. 5842: 5837: 5828: 5819: 5812: 5807: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5784: 5775: 5766: 5757: 5748: 5739: 5737: 5727: 5718: 5709: 5700: 5698: 5688: 5679: 5672: 5667: 5658: 5649: 5640: 5631: 5622: 5613: 5604: 5595: 5586: 5577: 5568: 5566: 5556: 5549: 5544: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5521: 5515:, p. 41. 5514: 5509: 5500: 5491: 5482: 5480: 5470: 5461: 5459: 5449: 5440: 5431: 5422: 5413: 5404: 5395: 5393: 5383: 5374: 5365: 5356: 5348: 5342: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5305: 5300: 5293: 5288: 5279: 5270: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5246: 5244: 5234: 5225: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5196: 5187: 5178: 5176: 5166: 5158: 5152: 5148: 5147: 5139: 5131: 5124: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5094: 5087: 5084: 5078: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5057: 5048: 5039: 5030: 5028: 5018: 5011: 5007: 5002: 4986: 4980: 4973: 4970: 4964: 4955: 4946: 4939: 4935: 4934:Freeman Dyson 4930: 4921: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4847: 4840: 4834: 4825: 4817: 4810: 4802: 4795: 4786: 4777: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4750: 4744: 4735: 4726: 4724: 4714: 4705: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4678: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4649: 4640: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4620:2006, p. 190. 4619: 4614: 4605: 4596: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4561: 4552: 4543: 4541: 4531: 4522: 4513: 4511: 4503: 4500: 4495: 4488: 4485: 4480: 4478: 4468: 4459: 4450: 4441: 4437: 4416: 4409: 4405: 4404:bouncing bomb 4399: 4392: 4386: 4379: 4373: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4357:Target Berlin 4352: 4345: 4339: 4335: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4309: 4308:Related lists 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4287:Piaggio P.108 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4243: 4242: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4193: 4186: 4175: 4169: 4160: 4158: 4157: 4152: 4151: 4144: 4136: 4135: 4129: 4118: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4101: 4100:Group Captain 4098: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4074: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4064:Pilot Officer 4062: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4016: 4013: 4009: 4006: 4005: 4004: 4001: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3979: 3978: 3977: 3974: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3947:Cruise speed: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3904:Gross weight: 3902: 3899: 3898:Empty weight: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3844: 3843: 3841: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3824: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3799: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3722:RAF Coningsby 3719: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3678: 3667: 3665: 3654: 3652: 3641: 3639: 3628: 3626: 3615: 3613: 3602: 3600: 3589: 3587: 3576: 3574: 3563: 3561: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3534: 3530: 3529: 3524: 3517: 3516: 3510: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3480: 3478: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3370:Lynn Garrison 3366: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3338:Western Union 3335: 3330: 3326: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3185:ASR.III/ASR.3 3184: 3183: 3178: 3177:bouncing bomb 3174: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3164:bouncing bomb 3160: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3117:Schräge Musik 3114: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3032: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2948: 2946: 2945:Douglas DC-4s 2942: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2909: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2874: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2849: 2847: 2846:New Caledonia 2843: 2842: 2831: 2829: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2768:After the war 2765: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2727: 2723: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2711:Leslie Groves 2709: 2708:Major General 2704: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2665:Adolf Galland 2662: 2659: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2614:German forces 2607: 2602: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2490: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2444: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2413:Atlantic Wall 2410: 2406: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2392:ahead of the 2391: 2390:Low Countries 2387: 2381: 2379: 2373: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2314: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2265: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2238:Barnes Wallis 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2203: 2199: 2198:Saint-Nazaire 2194: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2126: 2125: 2124:Graf Zeppelin 2121: 2117: 2115: 2110: 2109: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2066:, and in the 2065: 2061: 2057: 2054:, focused on 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1932: 1929:Crewman with 1927: 1921: 1916: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1833: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1774: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1742: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1705: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1628: 1623: 1614: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1477: 1474:Lancaster at 1473: 1469: 1465: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1423: 1421: 1420:master bomber 1417: 1413: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1388:depth charges 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1361: 1352: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1331:'Village Inn' 1327: 1324: 1320: 1313: 1308: 1304: 1302: 1297: 1293: 1283: 1274: 1266: 1257: 1255: 1250: 1249: 1248:Schräge Musik 1244: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1212: 1203: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1177:Junkers Ju 88 1174: 1170: 1166: 1165:Freeman Dyson 1161: 1159: 1155: 1154:hydraulically 1152: 1149: 1141: 1136: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1075: 1067: 1063: 1058: 1050: 1046: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1027:Freeman Dyson 1024: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1000: 991: 977: 973: 972:arrangement. 971: 967: 966:hydraulically 963: 962:undercarriage 959: 955: 951: 948: 926: 924: 920: 914: 912: 908: 904: 900: 891: 877: 875: 871: 867: 862: 858: 857:United States 854: 850: 845: 842: 838: 832: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 804: 790: 787: 784: 783: 779: 776: 775: 771: 768: 764: 760: 757: 754: 753: 749: 748: 741: 737: 733: 730: 727: 726: 722: 719: 718: 714: 713: 706: 702: 698: 695: 693:Manufacturer 692: 691: 685: 682: 680: 676: 672: 668: 667:Lancaster B X 664: 660: 655: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 616: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 585: 576: 574: 568: 565: 561: 551: 547: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 526: 525:serial number 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 492: 489: 485: 481: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 443: 439: 438:medium bomber 435: 432: 427: 424: 420: 419:United States 416: 412: 397: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 356: 352: 348: 345: 340: 338: 335: 331: 326: 322: 318: 317:Barnes Wallis 314: 310: 306: 302: 296: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 261: 260:medium bomber 257: 254: 250: 245: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 224: 220: 216: 207: 203: 200: 196: 193: 190: 186: 183: 180: 176: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 154:February 1942 153: 149: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 121: 119:Primary users 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 90: 87: 85: 81: 77: 73: 70: 67: 63: 58: 54: 53: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 14081: 14061: 13976: 13966: 13891: 13521: 13078: 12988: 12752:50 Freighter 12656:45-80 Sekani 12610:CS2F Tracker 12553:DHC-2 Beaver 12507:Cub Aircraft 12362:T-34A Mentor 12297:JN-4C Canuck 12224:Cosmopolitan 12107:700/900/1000 11997:Bell Textron 11987:VZ-9 Avrocar 11982:CF-105 Arrow 11858: 11846:VZ-9 Avrocar 11841:CF-105 Arrow 11698: 11575:Transports ( 10879:Helicopter ( 10655:1926–current 10608: 10601: 10594: 10358: 10323:(Peenemünde) 10320: 10312: 10304: 10296: 10091: 10068: 10051:Avro Lincoln 10040: 9966:Roy Chadwick 9945:Preservation 9858: 9844: 9835: 9821: 9798: 9793:G for George 9791: 9784: 9764:Super Trader 9701: 9681: 9571:Experimental 9331: 9221:Super Trader 7999: 7558:designations 7510:Type letters 7474:Roe aircraft 7467:designations 7414: 7381: 7373:the original 7357: 7333: 7318: 7303: 7288: 7273: 7258: 7240: 7224: 7207: 7199: 7184: 7177: 7162: 7147: 7129: 7128:Mason, Tim, 7114: 7096: 7079: 7063: 7048: 7031: 7023: 7007: 6992: 6977: 6962: 6955: 6940: 6925: 6910: 6891: 6887: 6867: 6857: 6839: 6823: 6808: 6793: 6775: 6759: 6744: 6727: 6719: 6704: 6689: 6670: 6655: 6648: 6643:, p. 41 6640: 6633:Air Ministry 6628: 6608:. Retrieved 6604: 6595: 6586: 6577: 6568: 6559: 6534: 6525: 6513:. Retrieved 6509: 6499: 6490: 6476: 6462: 6454: 6447: 6439: 6434: 6426: 6421: 6413: 6408: 6400: 6395: 6387: 6382: 6374: 6369: 6361: 6345: 6340: 6332: 6327: 6318: 6309: 6300: 6273: 6264: 6255: 6247: 6240: 6231: 6219:. Retrieved 6215:the original 6210: 6162: 6148: 6140: 6126: 6117: 6109: 6084: 6070: 6036: 6029: 6020: 5999: 5990: 5945: 5936: 5922: 5913: 5904: 5895: 5886: 5857: 5848: 5836: 5827: 5818: 5806: 5783: 5774: 5765: 5756: 5747: 5726: 5717: 5708: 5687: 5678: 5671:Collier 1976 5666: 5657: 5648: 5639: 5630: 5621: 5612: 5603: 5594: 5585: 5576: 5555: 5543: 5535:the original 5530: 5520: 5508: 5499: 5490: 5469: 5448: 5439: 5430: 5421: 5412: 5403: 5382: 5373: 5364: 5355: 5329:. Retrieved 5320: 5311: 5299: 5287: 5278: 5233: 5224: 5195: 5186: 5165: 5145: 5138: 5129: 5123: 5112:, retrieved 5108:the original 5103: 5100:"Bombsights" 5093: 5085: 5077: 5061: 5056: 5047: 5038: 5017: 5009: 5001: 4989:. Retrieved 4979: 4971: 4963: 4954: 4945: 4937: 4929: 4920: 4845: 4833: 4824: 4815: 4809: 4800: 4794: 4785: 4776: 4748: 4743: 4734: 4713: 4704: 4677: 4648: 4639: 4613: 4604: 4595: 4560: 4551: 4530: 4521: 4501: 4494: 4487:youtube.com. 4486: 4467: 4458: 4449: 4440: 4415: 4398: 4385: 4372: 4365:Grant McLean 4356: 4351: 4338: 4307: 4306: 4277:Nakajima G5N 4240: 4239: 4204:Avro Lincoln 4191: 4190: 4154: 4148: 4146: 4132: 4117:Edwin Swales 4087:William Reid 4030: 3999: 3997: 3991: 3980: 3972: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3933: 3931: 3925: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3889: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3822: 3821: 3796: 3792:heavy bomber 3771: 3768: 3748: 3746: 3726:Lincolnshire 3711: 3638:Soviet Union 3533:Avro Lincoln 3508: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3488: 3475: 3471: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3438:Ryan Firebee 3433: 3429: 3423: 3419: 3409: 3405: 3392: 3388: 3280:Avro Lincoln 3250: 3246: 3242: 3235:Boulton Paul 3214: 3210: 3143:carburettors 3116: 3076: 3011: 3007: 2997:" and then " 2975:alterations. 2968:carburettors 2963:engines and 2937: 2917:Lincolnshire 2910: 2903: 2885: 2879: 2855: 2839: 2837: 2828:Avro Lincoln 2825: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2779: 2776: 2733:Avro Lincoln 2730: 2700: 2688:Avro Lincoln 2673: 2663: 2655: 2611: 2591:Adolf Hitler 2586:Eagle's Nest 2585: 2569:light bomber 2562: 2547: 2526: 2517: 2505: 2488: 2484: 2469: 2451: 2440: 2421: 2402: 2382: 2374: 2350: 2319: 2271:North Africa 2268: 2261: 2219: 2207: 2185: 2181: 2177:Afrika Korps 2153: 2148: 2129: 2123: 2112: 2107: 2103:capital ship 2080: 2056:Schiess A.G. 2033: 2010: 1997: 1980: 1974: 1960: 1947:Lincolnshire 1936: 1890:101 Squadron 1832:ground radar 1829: 1772: 1751: 1728:T1 bombsight 1703: 1683:"Grand Slam" 1476:RAF Scampton 1471: 1440: 1436:Avro Lincoln 1432:"Grand Slam" 1424: 1407:Aldis lights 1395:617 Squadron 1392: 1368: 1328: 1316: 1288: 1271: 1246: 1245:began using 1239: 1219: 1162: 1145: 1139: 1109:, a type of 1104: 1091: 1071: 1062:G for George 1031: 1007: 974: 944: 915: 907:de Havilland 896: 861:Newton Heath 848: 846: 833: 809: 683: 666: 656: 617: 612: 590: 572: 569: 559: 556: 527: 516: 501:Roy Chadwick 498: 482: 469:Napier Sabre 461:Handley Page 457:Boulton Paul 431:Air Ministry 428: 423:Soviet Union 408: 370:Avro Lincoln 341: 309:617 Squadron 305:incendiaries 301:blockbusters 297: 293:Commonwealth 285:heavy bomber 265:Roy Chadwick 253:Air Ministry 246: 226:heavy bomber 218: 214: 212: 206:Avro Lincoln 159:First flight 138:Number built 100:Roy Chadwick 84:Manufacturer 69:Heavy bomber 50: 29: 12994:Lancastrian 12719:Anson Mk.II 12693:Bolingbroke 12558:DHC-3 Otter 12467:PBV-1 Canso 12249:Starfighter 12244:Silver Star 12197:CL-44 Yukon 12192:CL-41 Tutor 12187:CL-28 Argus 12068:A-213 Totem 11964:Avro Canada 11811:Avro Canada 11386:SF 37/SH 37 10503:Pathfinders 10488:Firebombing 10087:Avro Canada 9739:Lancastrian 9552:Cabin Cadet 9357:Silver King 9201:Lancastrian 6221:12 February 6211:BAE Systems 5841:Haller 2011 5811:Flower 2013 5114:14 November 4883:Jacobs 1996 3988:periscope.) 3934:Performance 3926:Propellers: 3916:Powerplant: 3753:East Kirkby 3720:, based at 3677:New Zealand 3483:Avro CF-100 3385:Avro Canada 3313:Rolls-Royce 3308:Rolls-Royce 3267:Lincoln B 2 3255:Lincoln B 1 3061:Tiger Force 3003:gun turrets 2980:B.I Special 2821:Moray Firth 2817:RAF Kinloss 2805:East Africa 2786:autographed 2738:Lancastrian 2676:Tiger Force 2608:truck, 1944 2606:AEC Matador 2542:jet-powered 2522:No. 617 Sqn 2472:Westkapelle 2226:Ruhr Valley 2214:Škoda Works 2133:No. 5 Group 2108:Scharnhorst 2076:German Navy 1993:Axis powers 1941:, based at 1537:"Gardening" 1515:GP/HE bombs 1333:gun-laying 1323:Rose turret 1312:Rose turret 1277:Tail turret 1192:Nose turret 1151:Frazer Nash 1115:hypothermia 837:RAF Duxford 742:Longbridge 715:Chadderton 564:twin-finned 540:RAF Ringway 509:"Power-egg" 473:Fairey P.24 400:Development 384:and as the 366:STAL Dovern 325:Ruhr valley 112:five others 14140:Categories 13707:RAN Series 13014:Viking Air 12661:F-11 Husky 12302:C-1 Canada 12164:Anson Mk.V 12095:Bombardier 11405:Trainers ( 10954:Fighters ( 10450:Grand Slam 10398:Technology 10384:Wellington 10364:Manchester 10289:Operations 10036:Avro Anson 9928:In fiction 9916:Shackleton 9859:Star Ariel 9845:Star Tiger 9749:Lincolnian 9723:Shackleton 9697:Manchester 9562:Water Baby 9430:Shackleton 9420:Arrowscout 9206:Lincolnian 9114:Transports 7600:(wing set) 6673:. London: 6631:. London: 5548:Overy 2013 4991:16 January 4427:References 4228:Avro Tudor 4051:Guy Gibson 4010:T1154 and 3893:NACA 23012 3886:NACA 23018 3871:Wing area: 3794:, NA 337. 3744:, Canada. 3544:See also: 3211:Grand Slam 3094:B.II with 2999:Grand Slam 2841:Aéronavale 2750:Shackleton 2742:Lincolnian 2652:Assessment 2626:Israelites 2452:Clemenceau 2363:and other 2361:V-2 rocket 2254:Ennepe Dam 2141:Le Creusot 2068:Baltic Sea 2052:Dusseldorf 2044:Focke-Wulf 1852:Pathfinder 1700:Bombsights 1608:Submarines 1507:"Abnormal" 1491:Bomb load 1412:VHF radios 1043:dicky seat 1010:bomb aimer 947:cantilever 866:pitot head 704:A. V. Roe 636:Birmingham 632:Longbridge 601:Lancashire 593:Chadderton 579:Production 536:Manchester 442:cantilever 358:turboprops 334:Grand Slam 12762:80 Canuck 12643:Fairchild 12497:Viking IV 12492:Stranraer 12452:Avro 504N 12415:Vancouver 12126:CS100/300 11859:See also: 10831:Gliders ( 10716:Bombers ( 10410:H2S radar 10359:Lancaster 10313:Hurricane 10297:Bellicose 10280:The Hague 10270:Pforzheim 10260:Heilbronn 10213:Campaigns 10141:Overviews 10069:See also: 10056:Avro York 9940:Operators 9836:Star Dust 9702:Lancaster 9682:Lancaster 9332:Lancaster 9312:Aldershot 9181:Commodore 9105:Warregull 9090:Sea Tutor 8079:(skipped) 7556:Numerical 7107:0143-5450 7088:1243-8650 7042:0143-5450 6900:1195-8472 6850:0143-5450 6056:cite book 5062:Lancaster 4814:Bingham. 4799:Bingham. 4432:Citations 4234:Avro York 3859:Wingspan: 3823:Data from 3749:Just Jane 3573:Australia 3560:Argentina 3540:Operators 3499:10S&R 3222:GR.3/MR.3 3162:"Upkeep" 3122:H2S radar 3045:Habbaniya 3020:Australia 2947:in 1947. 2900:Transport 2642:Bad Penny 2634:Mosquitos 2565:Mosquitos 2533:Pforzheim 2480:Rotterdam 2303:La Spezia 2250:Sorpe Dam 2242:Mohne Dam 2173:Osnabrück 2114:Gneisenau 1991:over the 1778:H2X radar 1688:camouflet 1669:"Tallboy" 1548:"No-Ball" 1428:"Tallboy" 1393:In 1943, 1243:Luftwaffe 1119:frostbite 1083:astrodome 1074:navigator 1014:bombsight 956:-covered 950:monoplane 911:propeller 817:astrodome 707:Woodford 696:Location 630:works in 521:Lancaster 445:monoplane 202:Avro York 110:Avro and 35:Lancaster 13537:A68 (II) 12958:Saunders 12869:Norseman 12861:Noorduyn 12851:Lysander 12747:16 Finch 12666:Super 71 12457:Avro 552 12309:Avro 504 12174:Canadair 11813:aircraft 10568:See also 10374:Stirling 10369:Mosquito 10339:Blenheim 10332:Aircraft 10305:Chastise 9838:accident 9444:Fighters 9317:Antelope 9191:Eighteen 9038:Trainers 8071:projects 7567:aircraft 7459:aircraft 6677:, 2016. 6515:16 April 6156:Archived 6134:Archived 6103:Archived 6078:Archived 5944:(1962). 5341:cite web 5072:. p. 277 4359:for the 4163:See also 4107:Mosquito 4000:Avionics 3973:Armament 3928:3-bladed 3509:Standard 3507: : 3168:backspin 3078:hinomaru 3069:Far East 3065:Japanese 3056:B.I (FE) 2951:Variants 2478:pens at 2465:Boulogne 2461:Le Harve 2447:IJmuiden 2428:Boulogne 2424:Le Harve 2246:Eder Dam 2095:Henschel 2064:Duisburg 1856:Mosquito 1784:Fishpond 1771:FuG 350 1708:Mark IX 1658:"Upkeep" 1627:Arnsberg 1485:Codename 1383:acoustic 1379:magnetic 1228:and the 1175:and the 1125:Armament 1078:wireless 1034:bomb bay 958:ailerons 885:Overview 821:blisters 777:Chester 731:Whitley 609:Cheshire 544:Cheshire 488:Avro 679 421:and the 360:and the 347:turbojet 188:Variants 107:Built by 95:Designer 14012:A40/N40 13922:A22/N22 13897:A17/N17 13808:present 13532:A68 (I) 13168:1935–63 13091:1921–34 13079:Italics 12948:Rambler 12943:Courier 12927:Prefect 12769:Cornell 12757:60 Fort 12683:Cornell 12520:J-3 Cub 12515:J-2 Cub 12430:Vedette 12420:Vanessa 12332:Hampden 10471:Tactics 10445:Tallboy 10389:Whitley 10379:Ventura 10354:Hampden 10349:Halifax 10275:Dresden 10255:Hamburg 10177:Leaders 9975:Related 9911:Lincoln 9707:Lincoln 9690:Bombers 9557:Popular 9471:Avenger 9337:Lincoln 9327:Buffalo 9275:Bombers 9166:Andover 9100:Prefect 8069:Unbuilt 7527:Type Es 7417:article 7413:a 1942 6623:Sources 6610:15 June 5331:23 July 4940:, 1979. 4618:Gunston 4502:Flight, 4111:Mustang 3878:Airfoil 3865:Height: 3853:Length: 3818:(pink). 3446:(later 3374:Calgary 3298:and by 3147:cockpit 3135:Packard 3067:in the 2995:Tallboy 2719:General 2692:Okinawa 2638:sorties 2628:in the 2518:Tirpitz 2506:Tirpitz 2489:Tirpitz 2457:Holland 2322:Hamburg 2017:Cologne 1985:Lorient 1961:Tirpitz 1817:turret. 1800:German 1712:(CSBS). 1674:Tirpitz 1653:Weapon 1613:U-boats 1583:"Usual" 1561:"Piece" 1496:"Arson" 1468:Tallboy 1296:perspex 1060:Inside 813:Perspex 720:Yeadon 673:-built 671:Packard 648:Belfast 644:Chester 415:bombers 405:Origins 330:Tallboy 167:Retired 146:History 12917:Siskin 12815:Bo 105 12742:7 Fawn 12583:Dash 8 12578:Dash 7 12425:Varuna 12146:Dash 8 12116:Global 11836:CF-103 11769:Tp 103 11764:Tp 102 11759:Tp 101 11754:Tp 100 11577:Trp/Tp 11391:JAS 39 11114:JAS 39 10945:HKP 16 10940:HKP 15 10935:HKP 14 10930:HKP 11 10925:HKP 10 10870:Lg 105 10865:Se 104 10860:Se 103 10855:Se 102 10822:Fpl 61 10817:Fpl 54 10812:Fpl 53 10807:Fpl 51 10707:JAS 39 10420:"Oboe" 10315:(1944) 10265:Kassel 9933:Ashton 9810:Topics 9769:Ashton 9759:Trader 9716:Patrol 9608:Duigan 9598:Ashton 9486:Spider 9476:Avocet 9435:Wright 9362:Vulcan 9231:Trader 9211:Saloon 9176:Ashton 9080:Athena 7547:Type J 7542:Type H 7537:Type G 7532:Type F 7522:Type E 7517:Type D 7415:Flight 7388: 7365: 7340: 7325: 7310: 7295: 7280: 7265: 7247: 7231: 7214: 7191: 7169: 7154: 7136: 7121: 7105: 7086: 7070: 7055: 7040: 7014: 6999: 6984: 6969: 6947: 6932: 6917: 6898: 6874: 6848: 6830: 6815: 6800: 6782: 6766: 6751: 6734: 6711: 6696: 6681: 6662: 6438:Lyzun 6425:Lyzun 6412:Lyzun 6399:Lyzun 6386:Lyzun 6373:Lyzun 6360:Lyzun 6344:Lyzun 6331:Lyzun 6044: 5964:537684 5962: 5952: 5153: 5068: 4035:were: 4014:radios 3992:Bombs: 3953:Range: 3728:, UK; 3674: 3661: 3651:Sweden 3648: 3635: 3625:Poland 3622: 3612:France 3609: 3596: 3586:Canada 3583: 3570: 3557: 3477:Orenda 3329:Martin 3315:, the 3215:Upkeep 3194:radome 2717:, and 2576:benzol 2476:E-boat 2409:Juvisy 2407:, and 2336:, 244 2332:, 116 2258:a book 2188:Berlin 2145:France 2099:Gdynia 2091:Kassel 2048:Danzig 2040:Bremen 2029:U-boat 1896:Tinsel 1877:radome 1792:Monica 1454:Window 1422:role. 1416:Gibson 1371:Cookie 1224:, the 970:rudder 954:fabric 880:Design 761:1,080 734:1,329 710:2,978 675:Merlin 597:Oldham 465:Shorts 453:Fairey 313:Upkeep 258:for a 14101:Lists 13806:1964– 12971:ST-28 12966:ST-27 12922:Tutor 12912:Atlas 12792:FBA-2 12787:FBA-1 12779:Found 12729:Fleet 12698:HS-2L 12651:34-42 12487:Delta 12472:HS-3L 12445:Vista 12440:Vigil 12435:Velos 12377:FDB-1 12239:Sabre 12229:Canso 12080:Shark 12075:40H-4 12010:214ST 11749:Tp 91 11744:Tp 89 11739:Tp 88 11734:Tp 87 11729:Tp 86 11724:Tp 85 11719:Tp 84 11714:Tp 83 11709:Tp 82 11704:Tp 81 11699:Tp 80 11694:Tp 79 11689:Tp 78 11684:Tp 55 11679:Tp 54 11674:Tp 53 11669:Tp 52 11664:Tp 47 11659:Tp 46 11654:Tp 45 11649:Tp 24 11644:Tp 16 11639:Tp 10 11605:Trp 4 11600:Trp 3 11591:Trp 2 11586:Trp 1 11531:Sk 61 11526:Sk 60 11521:Sk 50 11516:Sk 40 11511:Sk 38 11506:Sk 35 11501:Sk 28 11496:Sk 26 11491:Sk 25 11486:Sk 16 11481:Sk 15 11476:Sk 14 11471:Sk 12 11466:Sk 11 11461:Sk 10 11396:S 100 11109:JA 37 10920:HKP 9 10915:HKP 6 10910:Hkp 5 10905:Hkp 4 10900:Hkp 3 10895:Hkp 2 10890:Hkp 1 10850:G 101 10697:AJ 37 10517:Units 10425:Gee-H 10405:Chaff 10321:Hydra 9857:1949 9843:1948 9834:1947 9822:PA278 9820:1945 9800:PA474 9786:FM213 9754:Tudor 9603:Burga 9537:Avian 9425:Bison 9415:Anson 9261:XXIII 9236:Tudor 9186:Eight 9171:Anson 9095:Tutor 9085:Cadet 9075:Anson 7565:Built 6956:Wings 4842:(PDF) 4330:Notes 4012:R1155 3981:Guns: 3883:root: 3847:Crew: 3762:, in 3730:FM213 3714:PA474 3599:Egypt 3436:with 3414:ELINT 3324:B.VII 3286:; by 3251:PW932 3247:PW929 3243:PW925 3217:store 3130:B.III 3016:India 3012:SW244 3008:HK541 2972:pitot 2862:coups 2794:PB873 2790:PD328 2762:Tudor 2658:bombs 2622:manna 2510:fjord 2405:Rouen 2398:D-Day 2291:radar 2279:Blida 2210:Plzeň 2164:Milan 2160:Turin 2156:Genoa 2149:W4774 2036:Emden 1981:R5493 1966:Essen 1885:(ABC) 1862:GEE-H 1827:band 1773:Naxos 1758:Morse 1754:R1155 1472:R5868 1341:Bombs 1335:radar 1140:PA474 1094:spars 829:radio 825:radar 595:near 573:L7527 560:DG595 528:BT308 141:7,377 52:PA474 13697:A100 12688:FC-2 12628:DA20 12477:FC-2 12121:Q400 11938:A220 11862:Avro 11634:Tp 9 11625:Tp 8 11620:Tp 7 11615:Tp 6 11610:Tp 5 11566:T 18 11561:T 16 11456:Sk 9 11451:Sk 8 11446:Sk 7 11441:Sk 6 11436:Sk 5 11431:Sk 4 11426:Sk 3 11421:Sk 2 11416:Sk 1 11381:S 35 11376:S 32 11371:S 31 11366:S 29 11361:S 26 11356:S 22 11351:S 18 11346:S 17 11341:S 16 11336:S 15 11331:S 14 11326:S 13 11321:S 12 11316:S 11 11311:S 10 11246:P 9B 11242:P 9A 11237:P 8B 11233:P 8A 11104:J 35 11099:J 34 11094:J 33 11089:J 32 11084:J 31 11079:J 30 11074:J 29 11069:J 28 11064:J 27 11059:J 26 11054:J 24 11049:J 23 11044:J 22 11035:J 21 11030:J 20 11025:J 19 11020:J 12 11015:J 11 11010:J 10 10787:B 26 10782:B 24 10777:B 18 10772:B 17 10767:B 16 10702:A 38 10692:A 36 10687:A 32 10682:A 29 10677:A 28 10072:Avro 9921:York 9744:York 9679:Avro 9547:Baby 9542:Avis 9481:Pike 9352:Pike 9266:York 9256:XXII 9196:Five 9031:Role 8574:685B 7465:Avro 7457:Avro 7386:ISBN 7363:ISBN 7338:ISBN 7323:ISBN 7308:ISBN 7293:ISBN 7278:ISBN 7263:ISBN 7245:ISBN 7229:ISBN 7212:ISBN 7189:ISBN 7167:ISBN 7152:ISBN 7134:ISBN 7119:ISBN 7103:ISSN 7084:ISSN 7068:ISBN 7053:ISBN 7038:ISSN 7012:ISBN 6997:ISBN 6982:ISBN 6967:ISBN 6945:ISBN 6930:ISBN 6915:ISBN 6896:ISSN 6872:ISBN 6846:ISSN 6828:ISBN 6813:ISBN 6798:ISBN 6780:ISBN 6764:ISBN 6749:ISBN 6732:ISBN 6709:ISBN 6694:ISBN 6679:ISBN 6660:ISBN 6612:2021 6517:2019 6223:2021 6062:link 6042:ISBN 5960:OCLC 5950:ISBN 5347:link 5333:2017 5151:ISBN 5116:2010 5066:ISBN 4993:2016 4408:mine 4109:and 3918:4 × 3890:tip: 3518:B.XV 3448:10MP 3444:10MR 3430:10DC 3420:10BR 3406:10AR 3391:for 3274:B.VI 3249:and 3230:B.IV 3086:B.II 3049:Iraq 3039:PR.1 3018:and 3010:and 2792:and 2746:York 2500:and 2443:Caen 2426:and 2281:and 2252:and 2169:Alps 2158:and 2111:and 2060:Ruhr 1842:Oboe 1661:Dams 1528:1 x 1310:The 1184:and 1117:and 847:The 791:430 780:235 772:300 745:330 723:695 484:Avro 463:and 390:BSAA 364:and 353:and 319:for 230:Avro 213:The 89:Avro 65:Type 14092:A69 14087:A56 14082:A55 14077:A54 14072:A53 14067:N52 14062:A51 14057:N49 14052:N48 14047:A47 14042:A46 14037:A45 14032:A44 14027:A43 14022:N42 14017:A41 14007:A39 14002:A38 13997:A37 13992:A36 13987:A35 13982:A34 13977:A33 13972:A32 13967:A31 13962:A30 13957:N29 13952:N28 13947:A27 13942:A26 13937:A25 13932:N24 13927:A23 13917:A21 13912:A20 13907:A19 13902:A18 13892:A16 13887:A15 13882:A14 13877:A13 13872:A12 13867:A11 13862:A10 13790:N16 13785:N15 13780:N14 13775:N13 13770:N12 13765:N11 13760:N10 13692:A99 13687:A98 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