709:
723:
382:, "The Lancashire system is closely allied to the French style. The only material difference is that the French forbid tripping and catching hold of legs, whereas both are allowed in the County Palatine, in addition to the use of any fair means of throwing an antagonist." According to Armstrong, the referee was "invested with full power to decide any point not provided for in the articles of agreement, subject to no appeal in a court of law." Although throttling (choking) was disallowed, it continued to be common. Breaking limbs such as fingers or arms was permitted if the wrestler could "satisfy the referee that such took place during a fairly-conducted struggle for the mastery, and not through any desire to deliberately act in an unfair manner." It was possible to disqualify and replace the referee if he was proven incompetent or prejudiced. There were rest periods between falls and if a match did not finish on the day, it would be restarted at the same time the next day after reweighing the competitors.
373:"...without doubt, the roughest and most uncultivated of the three recognized English systems, as it includes catching hold of the legs, wrestling on the ground, and other objectionable methods of attack and defence. In Lancashire, wrestling displays are confined to matches promoted by the proprietor of some popular pedestrian resort, and differ as much as it is possible to imagine from the immense gatherings in the arenas of Cumberland and Westmorland, where sometimes nearly two hundred wrestlers will assemble, varying in weight from nine stone up to twenty stone odd."
324:
29:
338:
1463:
737:
695:
461:), or inability to continue, signalled verbally or by raising a hand. The bouts soon became the only professional ("prize ring") combat sport practiced in the area. In the 1820s, the sport was made illegal due to deaths that commonly occurred, and was succeeded by Lancashire wrestling, reflecting a similar trend in continental Europe. This is also the period when it began to be called "
310:. The attire was simple, shorts and socks. The Snipe Inn Rules disallowed applying any resin, drugs, or grease; foul acts or wilful brutality, unmanly techniques and tactics like those common in "up and down fighting" bouts, choking ('hanging" or "throttling"), kicking, headbutting, biting, gouging, or scratching. The Snipe Inn Rules allowed submissions with the intent of
495:
Silver Belt and the Snipe Inn
Grounds Gold Cup. Previously, amateurs competed in challenge matches to see who was better, commonly betting quarter or half gallons of beer, and tournament prizes included pigs and silver watches. Also around that time, the Lancashire style was introduced to Scotland by
377:
Although, Armstrong admitted, "In a rough-and-tumble encounter, when 'all is in,' a knowledge of
Lancashire wrestling might be of service; but even in a street fight it is not the fashion for an Englishman to battle on the ground, but to allow his opponent to get up again." He compared it to French
552:
In 1904, the sport was changed again by the establishment of the
National Amateur Wrestling Association of Great Britain (NAWA). Although called "catch-as-catch-can", it was a different style which originated in London and used a revised version of the Manchester Sporting Chronicle Rules. With the
570:
because the local miners were already "so rough that they could not be impressed." In
October 1923, the Lancashire County Amateur Wrestling Association (LCAWA) was established, leading to a renewal of the Lancashire style. It was a member of the NAWA until April 1927, when it was expelled for
666:
1880s–90s — Abraham Travis (Ab-o-Wags) of Oldham, James
Faulkner, Isaac Smith, William Winstanley (Soap), Tom Connor, Charles Green, Tom Jones (Burgy Ben), Joe Carroll, James Morris (Stockley) – all from the Wigan area; Tom Clayton (Bulldog) of Bolton, James Mellor and Jack Smith – both of
397:
newspapers and magazines was limited until its popularity broadened, leaving comparatively few written records compared to the more accepted styles of the time. The wrestlers and their financial backers would sign an agreement under a governing body (usually a newspaper like the
412:, sporting grounds, or even coal fields. Gambling was standard, an audience would gather and bets would be collected in hats. Casual wrestling was also common in pubs and public parks. A rise in popularity attracted regular press coverage and bouts were staged in theatres and
246:. The objective was to achieve a back fall on the opponent by making both of their shoulders touch the ground simultaneously. There were two approaches to this, "wrossle for a thrut" (wrestling for a throw) and "up and down." In "wrossle for a thrut", competitors utilised
457:." It became a usual way to resolve disputes between men, who commonly wore loin clothes and clogs, and engaged in a combination of "wrestling, throttling, and kicking", although punching was not permitted. The bouts ended by submission, usually through a hang (
758:, becoming the most popular style in Great Britain, the United States, Australia, and other British colonies, and to other countries like Brazil and Japan. Besides freestyle wrestling, the Lancashire style was a primary influence on the development of
314:
but not with the intent to hurt an opponent or make them quit. Although submissions were usually disallowed, wrestlers were known to evade this by using variations of legal techniques to inflict pain and make their opponents "concede" the match.
250:
such as throws, trips, and other takedowns with the goal of sending an opponent to their back or otherwise taking them off their feet depending on the conditions. In "up and down", the wrestling would continue on the ground, utilising
528:
and
American Tom McInerney attracted an "immense crowd" and programs featuring wrestlers from across Europe and America became common. Regional bouts were also popular, such as a February 1897 match between Joe Carroll of
561:
amateurs. As the century progressed, the style divided further into local competitions like the working class men of south
Lancashire, and the popular music hall acts seen nationally which would become modern theatrical
453:(to touse, to tangle, to scuffle, to handle roughly). The styles brought by these German, Flemish, and also French immigrants, blended with the local style, resulting in "Lancashire up and down fighting", also called "
674:
1900s–10s — Harry Mort of Oldham, Tom Rose of Bolton, Willie
Collins, Jack Carroll (nephew of Joe Carroll), Jack Brown, William Charnock (Pop), Joe Smith, Jim Foster, and Bob Berry – all of Wigan; Job Shambley of
571:
promoting "their own championship titles". The LCAWA continued to promote their own tournaments until the mid-1930s and several LCAWA champions won
British championships. The most notable was
350:
Wrestling on the ground made the
Lancashire style unique in England, along with the minimal restrictions on holds and techniques (termed "catch-hold" or "catch-as-catch-can") compared to the
802:, showcased and taught the style to wrestlers and fighters across the globe. It became particularly popular in Japan, where catch wrestling is still commonly called "Lancashire style"
557:, wrestlers who had competed for prizes or wagers were banned. It has been claimed that this was because the primarily working class professionals were more skilled than the primarily
516:. The Lancashire Wrestling Association (LWA) was established in 1875/76 by former owners of the area's notable sporting venues (grounds). It ran regular competitions using "Manchester
579:
medallist, and Olympian. Also in the 1930s, the Wrestling and Boxing Comrades' Association (W&BCA) was established in the town of Wigan. Notable members included Joe Carroll and
652:
catch wrestler of the 19th century), John Meadowcroft and David Bentley of Bury, William Schora, Frank Robinson, John Massey, and Joseph Newton (Teapot) – all from the Ashton area.
708:
722:
500:, where it gained popularity. Lancashire catch-as-catch-can expanded abroad through the century, becoming particularly popular in the United States, where it was known as "
1069:
1218:
1240:
659:
of Ashton, John Lees and John Butterworth (Dockum) – both of Oldham, undefeated heavyweight champion William Snape (Dipper) of Bolton, John Tonge (Eckersley),
206:. It became notable as the least restrictive and most aggressive style in England. It was popular across Britain and abroad, becoming the primary influence on
1296:
282:
There were minimal restrictions on holds and the use of legs, for throws and trips, was permitted. Common holds and positions included the knuckle lock,
1406:
812:. To revive it, The Snake Pit began holding its own Lancashire-style catch wrestling competitions and certifications in 2012, and held its first
595:", essentially separating itself from Lancashire catch-as-catch-can. Many Lancashire wrestlers successfully transitioned to the new style, like
425:
408:), with a referee being appointed to control the match and pay out the wager. Matches were known to take place at locations like taverns,
1099:
1443:
1351:
1126:
1874:
887:
1017:
487:
In 1856, the first written ruleset (the Snipe Inn Rules) was issued by Nelson Warren, proprietor of the Snipe Inn Grounds in
1763:
844:
351:
813:
1390:
1047:
1565:
420:. Wrestlers from the United States, Europe, and other countries also toured England. Such flamboyances along with
1869:
1864:
1854:
1849:
291:
1879:
424:
moved the style from sport to commercial entertainment, gradually setting a foundation for modern theatrical
1859:
1436:
195:
754:
During its heyday, the Lancashire catch-as-catch-can style spread abroad through wrestlers like Acton and
1525:
684:
530:
1007:
1834:
260:
1201:
1180:
1159:
1383:
The Story Of Catch: The Story Of Lancashire Catch-as-catch-can Wrestling. First Fifty Years 1820–1870
505:
1839:
622:
492:
924:
520:
Rules", based on the original Snipe Inn Rules. In 1894, a world title bout at Bengler's Circus in
1429:
1175:
256:
1844:
1813:
1154:
1070:"All-in Wrestling in Inter-War Britain: Science and Spectacle in Mass Observation's 'Worktown'"
923:
Pollock, Walter H.; Grove, F. C.; Prevost, Camille; Michiell, E. B.; Armstrong, Walter (1889).
759:
572:
563:
231:
142:
102:
956:
787:
755:
742:
645:
525:
379:
94:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1494:
1484:
834:
830:
763:
513:
478:
215:
150:
138:
633:, undefeated heavyweight champion William Swann of Ashton, and champion heavyweight boxer
441:
The Lancashire wrestling style began to form in the 1300s with significant influence from
8:
1733:
1535:
1468:
839:
592:
482:
303:
211:
134:
1196:
541:
holidays, the first British championships were held at the National Athletic Grounds in
537:, which attracted 3,000 spectators to the Heywood Athletic Grounds. In 1899, during the
1721:
985:"Lancashire Catch-as-Catch-Can Wrestling: A jewel in the crown of English martial arts"
783:
576:
517:
442:
400:
243:
227:
203:
162:
42:
323:
1778:
1758:
1726:
1560:
1462:
1386:
1043:
1013:
984:
849:
736:
626:
509:
355:
242:
The style was practiced and popularised in the area that now includes Lancashire and
1686:
1640:
1575:
1520:
1081:
28:
1768:
1753:
1673:
1085:
853:
825:
775:
694:
649:
501:
474:
462:
359:
311:
252:
247:
223:
207:
130:
60:
1698:
1452:
799:
584:
191:
337:
1828:
1738:
1489:
791:
700:
554:
497:
409:
394:
390:
82:
1610:
1590:
1580:
1245:
1223:
992:
676:
588:
542:
454:
421:
417:
1012:(3rd ed.). London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 532.
1415:
1270:
714:
656:
638:
630:
596:
580:
558:
386:
295:
106:
98:
86:
1550:
1515:
795:
767:
413:
299:
283:
219:
199:
146:
1793:
1743:
1713:
794:
became one of the last sources to preserve it. Its students, such as
771:
728:
660:
634:
534:
521:
488:
458:
154:
90:
78:
56:
1681:
591:, the British Amateur Wrestling Association rebranded the sport as "
1703:
1693:
1605:
1600:
1301:
599:, a ten-time British champion and British Empire silver medallist.
287:
1635:
1555:
1540:
1421:
680:
668:
663:, William Moullineux (Sellars), and Miles Sweeney – all of Wigan.
279:, throwing someone down and keeping him underneath) folk styles.
1411:
1708:
1668:
1625:
1530:
779:
615:
611:
546:
538:
491:. Professional championships were soon established such as the
158:
1663:
1645:
1585:
1545:
1510:
1325:
567:
343:
The Lancashire style was known for the "buttock" (hip throw).
1620:
1595:
922:
110:
1418:, continues to teach Lancashire style catch-as-catch-can
1352:"Wigan's Snakepit wrestling club celebrates anniversary"
1040:
Sporting Ancestors: Tracing Your Family's Athletic Past
602:
553:
emphasis on amateur competition after the start of the
1127:"Interview: The Return of Catch Wrestling's Snake Pit"
566:. Notably, theatrical pro wrestling was a failure in
1326:"[ファイトクラブ]トークイベント成功！ロイ・ウッド公認蛇の穴ライレー・ジム京都に潜入"
1100:"List of British Senior Champions from 1904 – 2001"
449:(wrestling after the farmers' fashion) and Flemish
614:, William Buckley (Trout) and John Holt – both of
1074:The International Journal of the History of Sport
369:(1890), Walter Armstrong described the style as:
1826:
468:
1241:"MMA Fan's Guide to Grappling: Catch Wrestling"
1219:"MMA Origins: Catch Wrestling Travels to Japan"
445:styles brought in by immigrants, namely German
122:Folk styles from England and continental Europe
1385:. Amazon Digital Services LLC - KDP Print US.
805:
587:, more famously known as The Snake Pit. After
1437:
1444:
1430:
982:
27:
1323:
1271:"U.W.F.スネークピットジャパンの「キャッチ アズ キャッチ キャンとは？」"
954:
786:(MMA). As the Lancashire style declined,
263:. There were similar concepts in German (
1380:
1407:A brief history of wrestling in England
1037:
33:Illustration of a half Nelson technique
1827:
1005:
989:Institute of Martial Arts and Sciences
1425:
1238:
1216:
1124:
1067:
621:1840s–50s — Adam Ridings (Dockum) of
271:, full wrestling) and Dutch/Flemish (
210:, through which it is an ancestor of
1764:Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling
1120:
1118:
1116:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1033:
1031:
1029:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
885:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
845:Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling
603:Notable Lancashire wrestlers include
1344:
13:
1451:
1374:
1297:"ランカシャースタイル(らんかしゃーすたいる)とは？ 意味や使い方"
929:. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
14:
1891:
1400:
1381:Pashayev, Ruslan (22 July 2019).
1324:Toshiyuki, Fujii (3 March 2023).
1113:
1056:
1026:
983:Lee-Barron, James (August 2016).
965:
933:
905:
866:
533:facing "Bull Dog" Tom Clayton of
426:professional wrestling in Britain
416:, featuring theatrics as part of
294:, cross-buttock (hip throw), the
1461:
1217:Grant, T.P. (12 February 2012).
888:"Lancashire Wrestling (England)"
735:
721:
707:
693:
336:
322:
1317:
1289:
1263:
1144:
575:, a six-time British champion,
514:American variation on the style
389:and the audience was primarily
1176:"Catch-as-catch-can wrestling"
1125:Gould, KJ (24 November 2011).
1092:
999:
237:
46:Lancashire catch-as-catch-can
1:
1875:Sports originating in England
859:
469:Lancashire catch-as-catch-can
226:, and associated styles like
194:style that originated in the
184:Lancashire catch-as-catch-can
1239:Grant, T.P. (19 July 2013).
1086:10.1080/09523367.2013.804812
749:
610:1820s–30s — John Rowland of
329:Wrestlers facing each-other.
216:American folkstyle wrestling
139:American folkstyle wrestling
7:
1526:Khmer traditional wrestling
1068:Snape, Robert (July 2013).
819:
782:, and other styles such as
667:Stalybridge, Sam Moores of
625:, James Matley (Barrel) of
385:Many of the wrestlers were
312:using them to achieve a pin
10:
1896:
955:Armstrong, Walter (1890).
926:Fencing, Boxing, Wrestling
472:
436:
431:
352:Cumberland and Westmorland
1789:
1656:
1503:
1477:
1459:
1009:The Rural Life of England
806:
275:, throwing someone down;
169:
126:
118:
74:
66:
52:
38:
26:
1088:– via Archive.org.
1006:Howitt, William (1844).
961:. New York: F.A. Stokes.
629:, George Swithenbank of
378:wrestling, now known as
1038:Gregson, Keith (2012).
165:, and associated styles
1870:Professional wrestling
1814:United World Wrestling
1412:The Snake Pit in Wigan
760:professional wrestling
644:1860s — Teddy Lowe of
564:professional wrestling
375:
306:takedowns, as well as
232:professional wrestling
143:professional wrestling
1865:History of Lancashire
1855:Folk wrestling styles
1850:European martial arts
1197:"Freestyle wrestling"
892:traditionalsports.org
683:, and Jack Winrow of
648:(reportedly the best
380:Greco-Roman wrestling
371:
1880:Wrestling in England
1809:Submission wrestling
1804:List of martial arts
1799:History of wrestling
1774:Lancashire wrestling
1495:Senegalese wrestling
1485:Lutte Traditionnelle
1107:Britishwrestling.org
886:Pashayev, Ruslan C.
835:scholastic wrestling
831:Collegiate wrestling
764:collegiate wrestling
577:British Empire Games
508:" by workers on the
479:collegiate wrestling
443:continental European
393:, so recognition by
180:Lancashire wrestling
151:submission grappling
75:Famous practitioners
22:Lancashire wrestling
16:Folk wrestling style
1860:Freestyle wrestling
1536:Mongolian wrestling
1469:Portal:Martial arts
840:Freestyle wrestling
814:World Championships
593:freestyle wrestling
504:" and also called "
483:freestyle wrestling
253:grounded techniques
248:stand-up techniques
212:freestyle wrestling
135:freestyle wrestling
23:
1722:Canarian wrestling
1358:. 15 November 2018
1155:"Modern wrestling"
784:mixed martial arts
679:, Peter Bannon of
518:Sporting Chronicle
493:Copenhagen Grounds
463:catch-as-catch-can
401:Sporting Chronicle
267:, half wrestling;
244:Greater Manchester
228:mixed martial arts
204:North West England
182:, commonly called
163:mixed martial arts
43:Catch-as-catch-can
21:
1835:Amateur wrestling
1822:
1821:
1779:Scottish Backhold
1759:Cornish wrestling
1727:Leonese wrestling
1080:(12): 1418–1435.
1042:. History Press.
1019:978-0-7165-1582-1
850:Cornish wrestling
447:bauern-art ringen
177:
176:
67:Country of origin
1887:
1687:Collar-and-elbow
1576:Inbuan wrestling
1521:Kazakh wrestling
1465:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1396:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1275:uwf-snakepit.com
1267:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1122:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1065:
1054:
1053:
1035:
1024:
1023:
1003:
997:
996:
980:
963:
962:
952:
931:
930:
920:
903:
902:
900:
898:
883:
811:
809:
808:
739:
725:
711:
697:
512:, leading to an
506:rough and tumble
502:ground wrestling
340:
326:
269:ganzer ringkampf
265:halber ringkampf
188:Lancashire style
48:Lancashire style
31:
24:
20:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1840:Catch wrestling
1825:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1785:
1769:Devon wrestling
1754:Catch wrestling
1750:United Kingdom
1674:Greek wrestling
1652:
1499:
1473:
1455:
1450:
1403:
1393:
1377:
1375:Further reading
1372:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1229:
1227:
1207:
1205:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1174:
1165:
1163:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1123:
1114:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1066:
1057:
1050:
1036:
1027:
1020:
1004:
1000:
981:
966:
953:
934:
921:
906:
896:
894:
884:
867:
862:
854:Devon wrestling
826:Catch wrestling
822:
803:
776:shoot wrestling
752:
745:
740:
731:
726:
717:
712:
703:
698:
650:pound-for-pound
605:
485:
475:Catch wrestling
471:
439:
434:
360:Devon wrestling
348:
347:
346:
345:
344:
341:
332:
331:
330:
327:
240:
230:and theatrical
224:shoot wrestling
208:catch wrestling
196:historic county
131:Catch wrestling
127:Descendant arts
61:ground fighting
47:
45:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1893:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1699:Narodno rvanje
1696:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:Folk wrestling
1449:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1402:
1401:External links
1399:
1398:
1397:
1392:978-1072393252
1391:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1343:
1316:
1288:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1236:
1214:
1202:Britannica.com
1193:
1181:Britannica.com
1172:
1160:Britannica.com
1150:
1143:
1112:
1091:
1055:
1049:978-0752458397
1048:
1025:
1018:
998:
964:
932:
904:
864:
863:
861:
858:
857:
856:
847:
842:
837:
828:
821:
818:
800:Billy Robinson
751:
748:
747:
746:
741:
734:
732:
727:
720:
718:
713:
706:
704:
699:
692:
689:
688:
672:
664:
653:
642:
619:
604:
601:
470:
467:
438:
435:
433:
430:
406:Wigan Examiner
342:
335:
334:
333:
328:
321:
320:
319:
318:
317:
292:fireman's lift
239:
236:
192:folk wrestling
175:
174:
171:
167:
166:
128:
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
54:
50:
49:
40:
36:
35:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1892:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1845:Combat sports
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1739:Oil wrestling
1737:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1490:Nuba fighting
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1417:
1414:, founded by
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1332:(in Japanese)
1331:
1327:
1320:
1305:(in Japanese)
1304:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1277:(in Japanese)
1276:
1272:
1266:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1108:
1101:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1021:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1002:
994:
990:
986:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
960:
959:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
928:
927:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
893:
889:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
865:
855:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
817:
815:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:The Snake Pit
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
744:
738:
733:
730:
724:
719:
716:
710:
705:
702:
701:Donald Dinnie
696:
691:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
670:
665:
662:
658:
654:
651:
647:
643:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
617:
613:
609:
608:
607:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
583:, founder of
582:
578:
574:
569:
565:
560:
556:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
498:Donald Dinnie
494:
490:
484:
480:
476:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:public houses
407:
403:
402:
396:
395:Victorian era
392:
391:working class
388:
383:
381:
374:
370:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
339:
325:
316:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
245:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
172:
170:Olympic sport
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:, theatrical
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
119:Ancestor arts
117:
114:
113:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:Donald Dinnie
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
55:
51:
44:
41:
39:Also known as
37:
30:
25:
19:
1773:
1632:Philippines
1611:Vajra-mushti
1591:Gatta gusthi
1581:Malla-yuddha
1467:
1466:
1382:
1360:. Retrieved
1355:
1346:
1334:. Retrieved
1329:
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1300:
1291:
1279:. Retrieved
1274:
1265:
1250:. Retrieved
1246:Bloody Elbow
1244:
1228:. Retrieved
1224:Bloody Elbow
1222:
1206:. Retrieved
1200:
1185:. Retrieved
1179:
1164:. Retrieved
1158:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1131:Bloody Elbow
1130:
1106:
1094:
1077:
1073:
1039:
1008:
1001:
993:ResearchGate
991:– via
988:
957:
925:
895:. Retrieved
891:
766:, Brazilian
753:
677:Westhoughton
606:
589:World War II
551:
486:
450:
446:
440:
422:match fixing
418:variety acts
405:
399:
384:
376:
372:
366:
365:In his book
364:
349:
307:
290:, headlock,
281:
276:
272:
268:
264:
241:
218:, Brazilian
187:
183:
179:
178:
111:
18:
1416:Billy Riley
1356:Wigan Today
1302:Kotobank.jp
774:, Japanese
762:, American
715:Edwin Bibby
657:Edwin Bibby
639:Stalybridge
631:Saddleworth
597:Herbie Hall
585:Riley's Gym
581:Billy Riley
573:Joseph Reid
559:upper class
543:Kensal Rise
459:strangehold
414:music halls
238:Description
222:, Japanese
107:Herbie Hall
103:Joseph Reid
99:Billy Riley
87:Edwin Bibby
1829:Categories
1551:Shuai jiao
1516:Boli Khela
860:References
807:ランカシャースタイル
796:Karl Gotch
768:luta livre
756:Tom Cannon
743:Tom Cannon
526:Tom Cannon
473:See also:
304:double leg
300:single leg
284:collar tie
261:submission
255:to win by
220:luta livre
200:Lancashire
147:luta livre
95:Tom Cannon
1794:Grappling
1744:Karakucak
1714:Schwingen
1566:Pahlavani
958:Wrestling
816:in 2018.
772:vale tudo
750:Influence
729:Joe Acton
661:Joe Acton
646:Whitworth
635:Sam Hurst
535:Farnworth
522:Liverpool
489:Audenshaw
367:Wrestling
308:par terre
288:body lock
277:ondergooi
155:vale tudo
91:Joe Acton
79:Sam Hurst
57:Grappling
1704:Ranggeln
1694:Khridoli
1678:Ireland
1606:Pehlwani
1601:Malakhra
820:See also
655:1870s —
555:Olympics
524:between
510:frontier
451:stoeijen
387:colliers
362:styles.
273:neergooi
112:see more
1636:Bultong
1556:Ssireum
1541:Khuresh
1362:5 March
1336:5 March
1309:3 March
1281:3 March
1252:3 March
1230:3 March
1208:3 March
1187:3 March
1166:3 March
1136:5 March
685:Heywood
681:Burnley
669:Salford
531:Hindley
455:purring
437:Origins
432:History
356:Cornish
190:, is a
70:England
1734:Turkey
1718:Spain
1709:Ringen
1682:Barróg
1669:Gouren
1657:Europe
1626:Tegumi
1617:Japan
1572:India
1531:Kurash
1478:Africa
1389:
1330:週刊ファイト
1046:
1016:
780:Shooto
627:Ashton
616:Oldham
612:Bolton
547:London
539:Easter
481:, and
354:, and
296:Nelson
159:Shooto
1664:Glima
1646:Dumog
1586:Mukna
1546:Naban
1511:Alysh
1103:(PDF)
897:4 May
792:Wigan
568:Wigan
53:Focus
1641:Buno
1621:Sumo
1596:Kene
1561:Iran
1504:Asia
1387:ISBN
1364:2024
1338:2024
1311:2024
1283:2024
1254:2024
1232:2024
1210:2024
1189:2024
1168:2024
1138:2024
1044:ISBN
1014:ISBN
899:2022
852:and
833:and
798:and
770:and
623:Bury
358:and
302:and
1082:doi
790:in
637:of
465:."
404:or
259:or
257:pin
202:in
198:of
186:or
1831::
1354:.
1328:.
1299:.
1273:.
1243:.
1221:.
1199:.
1178:.
1157:.
1129:.
1115:^
1105:.
1078:30
1076:.
1072:.
1058:^
1028:^
987:.
967:^
935:^
907:^
890:.
868:^
549:.
545:,
477:,
428:.
298:,
286:,
234:.
214:,
173:No
161:,
157:,
153:,
149:,
145:,
137:,
133:,
109:,
105:,
101:,
97:,
93:,
89:,
85:,
81:,
59:,
1445:e
1438:t
1431:v
1395:.
1366:.
1340:.
1313:.
1285:.
1256:.
1234:.
1212:.
1191:.
1170:.
1140:.
1109:.
1084::
1052:.
1022:.
995:.
901:.
810:)
804:(
778:/
687:.
671:.
641:.
618:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
