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maritime climate; cold, dry and windy, with sunny days during summer. The temperature varies from −1 °C (30 °F) to 3 °C (37 °F) during summer with a maximum of 5 °C (41 °F); however, the dominant temperature during most of the year is below 0 °C (32 °F). During winter, the temperature falls to as low as −40.7 °C (−41.3 °F).
305:. The heterotrophic bacterial microbiota and the ecology of photosynthetic bacteria of the Lake Burton were studied in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the findings indicate that salinity levels increase from below the ice level towards the lake bottom resulting in dense waters and that the environmental conditions, presence of light in summer, darkness during winter, and
421:
Access and movement within the protected areas is restricted. In the lake area in particular, no motorized boats are permitted. Flying over the lakes is also discouraged except for scientific reasons. Vehicular traffic is banned in the reserved areas. Taking samples from the lake is to be kept to the
364:
The climate within the
Antarctic Specially Protected Area is monitored at the Davis Station, which is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of Marine Plain, not far from the lake. Hence, all meteorological data collected at this site is relevant to the lake environment also. The area has a polar
710:
Biogeochemistry of ancient and modern environments: proceedings of the Fourth
International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry (ISEB) and, Conference on Biogeochemistry in Relation to the Mining Industry and Environmental Pollution (Leaching Conference), held in Canberra, Australia, 26
619:
The heterotrophic bacterial microbiota and the ecology of photosynthetic bacteria of the Lake Burton have been studied in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the findings indicate that salinity levels increase from below the ice level towards the lake bottom resulting in dense waters, the microbiota
381:
Lake Burton is the only meromictic lagoon that is part of the
Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No. 143, within East Antarctica. The lake is also defined as lagoon as it characterizes a stage in the biological and physio-chemical evolution of a terrestrial water body from the marine
422:
minimum even for scientific studies and also the equipment brought from outside for sampling, and it must be thoroughly washed to avoid any type of contamination from outside. There are many more rules and regulations that are set by the authorities, which have to be strictly adhered to.
620:
activity caused depletion of oxygen, separate water bodies of distinct chemistry got formed, the intervening chemical gradients have created niches for colonization by unique microbial communities and 68 bacteria were isolated.
268:. The lake has a surface area of 1.35 km (0.52 sq mi), a volume of 9.69 million m, a maximum depth of 18.3 metres (60 ft) and a mean depth of 7.16 metres (23.5 ft). The lake is named after
279:
only seasonally for about 6–7 months in the year. The tidal channel has a width of 20 metres (66 ft) and is about 2 metres (6.6 ft) deep. Lake Burton is the only meromictic lagoon that is part of the
418:. Visits for educational or cultural reasons, which are mandatory within a defined management plan, are also permitted. Any such visit must not cause harm to the ecological or scientific values of the area.
655:
were found. It was also noted that the environmental conditions, presence of light in summer, darkness during winter, and oxic and anoxic water status of the lake waters dictated the growth of bacterial
361:. The lake has a surface area of 1.35 km (0.52 sq mi), a volume of 9.69 million m, a maximum depth of 18.3 metres (60 ft) and a mean depth of 7.16 metres (23.5 ft).
345:, a biologist working in the Vestfold Hills of Antarctica. The lake, formerly an arm of the sea, is a dominant feature of the western side of the Vestfold Hills area in what is known as the
1096:
Deprez, P.P.; Franzmann, P.D.; Burton, H.R. (1986). "Determination of reduced sulfur gases in antarctic lakes and seawater by gas chromatography after solid adsorbent preconcentration".
390:
Entry to the protected area, including the lake, is controlled by the
Australian government. Permits are strictly issued only for specific scientific research in the field of
840:
888:
1023:
Franzmann, P.D.; Deprez, P.P.; McGuire, A.J.; McMeekin, T.A.; Burton, H.R. (1990). "The heterotrophic, bacterial microbiota of Lake Burton, Antarctica".
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83:
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No. 143, within East
Antarctica, and access to the lake can only legally be obtained by a special permit and adhering to some strict regulations.
608:
150:
342:
269:
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bloom was apparent, the lake was studied, along with several others in the
Vestfold Hills area to assess the reduced sulfuric gases by
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was attributed to "more efficient maintenance metabolism in winter and of their greater efficiency in utilizing low intensity light".
39:
993:
957:
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The small water courses that flow radially from the northern direction into the lake, which are seasonal streams, abound in
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1058:
Burke, C. M.; Burton, H. R. (1988). "The ecology of photosynthetic bacteria in Lake Burton, Vestfold Hills, Antarctica".
281:
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922:"Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 143 Marine Plain, Mule Peninsula, Vestfold Hills, Princess Elizabeth Land"
867:"Antarctic Specially Protected Area No 143 Marine Plain, Mule Peninsula, Vestfold Hills, Princess Elizabeth Land"
265:
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with 5 Å pores (80–100 mesh) – and reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) were detected. The most apparent RSCs were
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water zone (temperature range of −5 °C (23 °F) to −2.2 °C (28.0 °F)) of the lake,
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456:– some of which have been found nowhere else. Other dominant varieties of bacteria found are
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The lake is covered with ice for 10–11 months in a year. A tidal channel links the lake with
222:
174:
142:
745:
Biology of the
Vestfold Hills, Antarctica: proceedings of the symposium, Hobart, August 1984
611:. In the region as a whole, 23 species of lichens and six moss species have been recorded.
325:
in
Princess Elizabeth Land in Eastern Antarctica on roughly the same longitude as central
8:
330:
869:. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. Archived from the original on July 9, 2010
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The only fish species ever sighted in the lake, and on just one occasion, is
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843:. International Lake Environment Committee Foundation – ILEC. Archived from
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and anoxic water status of the lake waters dictated the growth of bacterial
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115:
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The
Antarctic paleoenvironment: a perspective on global change, part one
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at 81°24'E in the western half of
Princess Elizabeth Land, just east of
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revealed that it contains 41 species. The lake is a rich storehouse of
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revealed that it contains 41 species and is a rich storehouse of
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Ferris, J. M.; Burton, H.R.; Johnstone, G.W. (1 December 1988).
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260:. Princess Elizabeth Land, including the lake, is claimed by
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272:, a biologist working in the Vestfold Hills of Antarctica.
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Physical and biogeochemical processes in Antarctic lakes
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conducted in 1983, the dominant species identified were
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are found but are more prevalent on the northern end of
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environment namely, the geological creation of a lake.
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zooplankton have been recorded in the lake, namely,
812:
205:
9.69 million cubic metres (7,860 acre⋅ft)
816:Encyclopedia of Antarctica and the southern oceans
779:Encyclopedia of Antarctica and the southern oceans
675:. The gases were trapped in a solid adsorbent – a
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887:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
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980:Green, William J., Friedmann, E. Imre (1993).
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643:were also found but at lower density. In the
1008:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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952:. American Geophysical Union. p. 256.
927:. National Science Foundation. p. 1116
513:Spiraloecion didymocostatum gen. et sp. nov
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667:In 1984, during the Antarctic summer when
329:. This area of the coastline lies between
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333:, at 72°33'E, and the western end of the
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480:The lake also has an ultra structure of
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349:. The lake lies to the northwest of the
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1016:
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499:have been found in the lake, including
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573:community here are several species of
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59:Location of Lake Burton in Antarctica
819:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 180.
808:
806:
782:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 180.
614:
1086:
859:
841:"Lake Burton: World Lake Data Base"
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179:1.35 km (0.52 sq mi)
46:
13:
467:The minor species identified are
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282:Antarctic Specially Protected Area
14:
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803:
368:
1142:Photograph of the lake at sunset
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45:
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660:. The dominance of the species
569:(not named). Also found in the
438:are abundant in Lake Burton. A
973:
748:. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
487:identified as a member of the
321:Lake Burton is located on the
266:Australian Antarctic Territory
1:
1110:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)86946-6
694:
594:
813:Stonehouse, Bernard (2002).
776:Stonehouse, Bernard (2002).
7:
1098:Journal of Chromatography A
623:In the research studies on
377:Relief map showing location
10:
1183:
1162:Saline lakes of Antarctica
986:American Geophysical Union
946:Kennett, James P. (1992).
641:Rhodopseudomonas palustris
474:Rhodopseudomonas palustris
341:. The lake is named after
187:7.16 m (23.5 ft)
16:Lake in Eastern Antarctica
714:. Springer. p. 128.
551:Paralabidocera antarctica
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1167:Ingrid Christensen Coast
637:Thiocapsa roseopersicina
526:Pagothenia borchgrevinki
469:Thiocapsa roseopersicina
323:Ingrid Christensen Coast
195:18.3 m (60 ft)
711:August-4 September 1979
625:photosynthetic bacteria
533:of the Vestfold Hills.
442:floristic study of the
291:floristic study of the
254:Princess Elizabeth Land
629:Chlorobium vibrioforme
458:Chlorobium vibrioforme
378:
707:Ralph, B. J. (1980).
547:Drepanopus bispinosus
509:Saepicula leadbeateri
505:Diaphanoeca sphaerica
376:
357:and southwest of the
317:Geography and climate
633:Chlorobium limicola
567:cydippid ctenophore
501:Diaphanoeca grandis
331:Jennings Promontory
149:Tidal channel with
95: /
1072:10.1007/BF00025569
1037:10.1007/BF00238423
673:gas chromatography
583:, and many marine
559:Rathkea lizzioides
386:Entry restrictions
379:
258:Eastern Antarctica
995:978-0-87590-830-4
959:978-0-87590-838-0
826:978-0-471-98665-2
789:978-0-471-98665-2
755:978-90-6193-616-9
721:978-0-387-10303-7
653:T. roseopersicina
615:Research findings
579:, two species of
497:Choanoflagellates
231:
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99:68.633°S 78.100°E
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489:clade Euglenozoa
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353:, southeast of
351:Sorsdal Glacier
339:Amery Ice Shelf
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369:Protected area
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355:Oldroyd Island
347:Mule Peninsula
335:West Ice Shelf
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300:photosynthetic
250:Vestfold Hills
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963:. Retrieved
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931:November 26,
929:. Retrieved
873:November 26,
871:. Retrieved
861:
851:November 26,
849:. Retrieved
845:the original
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815:
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759:. Retrieved
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725:. Retrieved
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396:paleoclimate
392:paleontology
389:
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343:H. R. Burton
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286:
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270:H. R. Burton
248:lake in the
237:
233:
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201:Water volume
175:Surface area
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658:phototrophs
589:tardigrades
537:Zooplankton
485:mariagerens
463:C. limicola
311:phototrophs
234:Lake Burton
102: /
77:Coordinates
53:Lake Burton
24:Lake Burton
1151:Categories
695:References
595:Vegetation
576:Holotricha
483:Postgaardi
408:glaciology
242:meromictic
192:Max. depth
164:Antarctica
121:Meromictic
71:Antarctica
1004:cite book
585:amphipods
515:species.
416:limnology
262:Australia
116:Lake type
1104:: 9–21.
1080:19531883
1045:36202964
883:cite web
581:nematode
565:) and a
555:Copepoda
543:metazoan
454:bacteria
303:bacteria
68:Location
683:(DMS),
601:lichens
571:benthic
432:fossils
412:biology
400:geology
240:, is a
223:Islands
90:78°06′E
87:68°38′S
1078:
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992:
965:7 July
956:
823:
795:7 July
786:
761:7 July
752:
727:7 July
718:
645:anoxic
605:Mosses
531:fjords
444:lagoon
440:diatom
293:lagoon
289:diatom
246:saline
214:Frozen
1076:S2CID
1066:: 1.
1041:S2CID
1031:(4).
925:(PDF)
327:India
158:Basin
1010:link
990:ISBN
967:2011
954:ISBN
933:2010
889:link
875:2010
853:2010
821:ISBN
797:2011
784:ISBN
763:2011
750:ISBN
729:2011
716:ISBN
687:and
651:and
639:and
631:and
587:and
511:and
471:and
460:and
414:and
307:oxic
244:and
227:None
1106:doi
1102:362
1068:doi
1064:165
1033:doi
557:),
256:in
252:of
217:Yes
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
