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337:, which requires high rainfall and temperature to grow. A significant decrease in mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature occurred between 1800 and 1400 BCE. This coincided with the demise of the Qijia culture, perhaps because their reliance on millet cultivation meant they could not adapt to the changing climate.
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that buried the site in mud and killed many of its inhabitants. The cause of this catastrophe is debated. The excavators of the site originally proposed a combination of simultaneous earthquakes and flooding of the Yellow River and mountain gullies. More recent research has pointed to localised
1582:
Dong, GuangHui; Zhang, FanYu; Liu, FengWen; Zhang, DongJu; Zhou, AiFeng; Yang, YiShi; Wang, GongHui (18 July 2017). "Multiple evidences indicate no relationship between prehistoric disasters in Lajia site and outburst flood in upper Yellow River valley, China".
1185:
Zhao, Hui; Huang, Chun Chang; Zheng, Zixing; Hu, Ying; Zhang, Yuzhu; Guo, Yongqiang; Zhou, Qiang (September 2017). "New evidence for the catastrophic demise of a prehistoric settlement (the Lajia Ruins) in the
Guanting Basin, upper Yellow River, NW China".
452:. Other researchers considered this implausible, pointing out that the Lajia disaster took place over a hundred years after the 1920 earthquake, and that the lake that is supposed to have burst to produce this flood ceased to exist nearly 2000 years prior.
1229:
Wang, Haiyan; Huang, Chun Chang; Pang, Jiangli; Zhou, Yali; Cuan, Yuda; Guo, Yongqiang; et al. (January 2021). "Catastrophic flashflood and mudflow events in the pre-historical Lajia Ruins at the northeast margin of the
Chinese Tibetan Plateau".
673:
Zhao, Hui; Huang, Chun Chang; Wang, Huanye; Liu, Weiguo; Qiang, Xiaoke; Xu, Xinwen; et al. (October 2018). "Mid-late
Holocene temperature and precipitation variations in the Guanting Basin, upper reaches of the Yellow River".
1091:
Zhou, X. Q.; Cui, J. F.; Ren, X. Y.; Wang, Q. Q.; Du, W.; Du, Z. W.; Liu, X. Y. (6 December 2018). "The
Earliest High‐Fired Glazed Ceramic in China: Evidence from a Glazed Ceramic Sample from the Lajia Site, Qinghai Province".
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sheep, pigs and cattle. Sheep were primarily used for their milk and wool, but were also the main source of meat. Pigs were not slaughtered for their meat, but used in ritual activities. Pig scapulae were modified for use as
719:
Dong, Guanghui; Jia, Xin; An, Chengbang; Chen, Fahu; Zhao, Yan; Tao, Shichen; Ma, Minmin (January 2012). "Mid-Holocene climate change and its effect on prehistoric cultural evolution in eastern
Qinghai Province, China".
973:
Ma, Zhikun; Li, Quan; Huan, Xiujia; Yang, Xiaoyan; Zheng, Jingyun; Ye, Maolin (22 February 2014). "Plant microremains provide direct evidence for the functions of stone knives from the Lajia site, northwestern China".
1628:
Gao, Shi-Zhu; Yang, Yi-Dai; Xu, Yue; Zhang, Quan-Chao; Zhu, Hong; Zhou, Hui (2007). "Tracing the genetic history of the
Chinese people: Mitochondrial DNA analysis of aneolithic population from the Lajia site".
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for divination and, as is frequently seen at Qijia sites, deposited in burials. Wild deer remains have also been found at the site; they must have been hunted by the people of Lajia, or traded from elsewhere.
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at these temperatures. However, the technique used by the Lajia potters was unreliable and required large amounts of fuel, which is perhaps why the use of this proto-porcelain remained uncommon.
1385:
Li, Le; Chen, Jun; Hedding, David
William; Fu, Yuanhe; Ye, Maolin; Li, Gaojun (16 October 2019). "Uranium isotopic constraints on the nature of the prehistoric flood at the Lajia site, China".
773:
Song, Jixiang; Zhao, Zhijun; Fuller, Dorian Q. (7 July 2012). "The archaeobotanical significance of immature millet grains: an experimental case study of
Chinese millet crop processing".
326:
is also typical of Qijia sites. Some metal artifacts from Qijia sites are similar in style to finds from
Central Asia and Siberia, suggesting frequent contact and cultural interactions.
436:, which are known to occur in the area and could have been exacerbated by human activity. A controversial 2016 study proposed that an earthquake in 1920 BCE triggered a catastrophic
2539:
818:
An, Cheng-Bang; Tang, Lingyu; Barton, Loukas; Chen, Fa-Hu (May 2005). "Climate change and cultural response around 4000 cal yr B.P. in the western part of
Chinese Loess Plateau".
906:
1338:
Wu, Qinglong; Zhao, Zhijun; Liu, Li; Granger, Darryl E.; Wang, Hui; Cohen, David J.; Wu, Xiaohong; Ye, Maolin; Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Lu, Bin; Zhang, Jin (5 August 2016).
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Wu, Qinglong; Zhao, Zhijun; Liu, Li; Granger, Darryl E.; Wang, Hui; Cohen, David J.; Wu, Xiaohong; Ye, Maolin; Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Lu, Bin; Zhang, Jin (31 March 2017).
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361:, but subsequent experiments have showed millet alone could not have formed noodles, and that the Lajia noodles must have incorporated other starches, perhaps
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The simultaneous deaths of many people at Lajia provides a rare opportunity to study family relationships within prehistoric households. Analysis of
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buried the site and killed many of its inhabitants in around 1920 BCE, but archaeologists continue to debate the exact cause of the catastrophe.
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periods (c. 2300–1500 BCE). Excavations at the site have unearthed various Qijia artifacts, including pottery, rings, stone, weapons and
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Huang, Chun Chang; Zhou, Yali; Zhang, Yuzhu; Guo, Yongqiang; Pang, Jiangli; Zhou, Qiang; Liu, Tao; Zha, Xiaochun (31 March 2017).
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The pottery used at Lajia included pieces fired at extremely high temperatures to produce a glassy surface, a kind of proto-
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775:
940:"Can noodles be made from millet? An experimental investigation of noodle manufacture together with starch grain analyses"
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1754:
1291:"Response to Comments on "Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China's Great Flood and the Xia dynasty""
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from the remains of twelve people in one house showed that they belonged to multiple maternal lineages, ruling out a
77:
1132:
Yang, Xiaoyan; Xia, Zhengkai; Ye, Maolin (1 September 2003). "Prehistoric disasters at Lajia Site, Qinghai, China".
509:"Skeletal evidence for violent trauma from the bronze age Qijia culture (2,300-1,500 BCE), Gansu Province, China"
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species, have also been found at the site. The inhabitants used stone knives to process, peel, and cut them.
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Dittmar, Jenna M.; Berger, Elizabeth; Zhan, Xiaoya; Mao, Ruilin; Wang, Hui; Yeh, Hui-Yuan (December 2019).
1535:"Comment on "Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China's Great Flood and the Xia dynasty""
1476:"Comment on "Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China's Great Flood and the Xia dynasty""
1424:"Comment on "Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China's Great Flood and the Xia dynasty""
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to around 4,000 years ago (c. 2000 BCE). They were originally thought to be made from a combination of
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An ancient Chinese pot similar to those found at the Lajia site and those of the Qijia culture
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1340:"Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China's Great Flood and the Xia dynasty"
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have been found at Lajia. The thin yellow strands were found in an upturned pot in 2005 and
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For most of the Qijia period, the Guanting Basin was relatively warm and moist. The staple
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267:(c. 2300–1500 BCE), the people of Lajia had an agricultural economy based primarily on
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Honghai, Chen (15 March 2013), "The Qijia Culture of the Upper Yellow River Valley",
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Early Bronze Age Animal Use at Lajia, a Qijia Culture Site in Qinghai Province, China
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Di Cosmo, Nicola (13 March 1999), "The Northern Frontier in Pre–Imperial China",
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572:"Archaeological discoveries at the Lajia site, Minhe County, Qinghai Province"
482:"Archaeological discoveries at the Lajia site, Minhe County, Qinghai Province"
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herding. They also kept pigs for use in ritual activities, including making
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369:. Remnants of grains, including foxtail and broomcorn millet, and stems of
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Wu, Wenxiang; Dai, Junhu; Zhou, Yang; Ge, Quansheng (31 March 2017).
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602:"Prehistoric catastrophic remains found again at Lajia Site, Qinghai"
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of the Yellow River, which the authors incorrectly linked to the
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Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Qinghai
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1274:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
938:Ge, W.; Liu, L.; Chen, X.; Jin, Z. (2011).
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34:
1632:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
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310:of northwestern China dated to the late
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907:"4,000-Year-Old Noodles Found in China"
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513:International Journal of Paleopathology
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636:The Cambridge History of Ancient China
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887:from the original on 17 December 2010
287:were discovered at the site in 2005.
16:Archaeological site in Qinghai, China
776:Vegetation History and Archaeobotany
473:
2550:Buildings and structures in Qinghai
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1473:
875:"Oldest noodles unearthed in China"
405:were selected for their ability to
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1057:A Companion to Chinese Archaeology
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201:1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
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915:. 12 October 2005. Archived from
612:from the original on 2 April 2019
582:from the original on 24 July 2021
488:from the original on 25 June 2019
2545:Former populated places in China
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1474:Han, Jian-Chiu (30 March 2017).
959:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2010.00539.x
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64:Location within Qinghai province
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2555:2000 archaeological discoveries
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1254:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106737
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1188:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
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444:that, according to traditional
425:natural disaster at Jishi Gorge
2560:23rd-century BC establishments
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384:The inhabitants of Lajia kept
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2535:Archaeological sites in China
1745:Prehistoric cultures of China
648:10.1017/chol9780521470308.015
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302:Lajia is associated with the
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1586:Science China Earth Sciences
1208:10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.05.019
698:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.05.009
480:Ye, Maolin (28 April 2005).
251:in the upper reaches of the
67:Show map of Continental Asia
7:
842:10.1016/j.yqres.2005.02.004
744:10.1016/j.yqres.2011.10.004
283:. The world's oldest known
263:. As at other sites of the
10:
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1233:Quaternary Science Reviews
1061:John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
640:Cambridge University Press
526:10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.08.002
419:Jishi Gorge outburst flood
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998:10.1007/s11434-014-0174-0
789:10.1007/s00334-012-0366-y
448:, led to the rise of the
423:Lajia was destroyed by a
345:The world's oldest known
333:of the Qijia culture was
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1135:Chinese Science Bulletin
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677:Quaternary International
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1503:10.1126/science.aal1369
1441:10.1126/science.aal1278
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1308:10.1126/science.aal1325
484:. Chinese Archaeology.
2236:Lower Yangtze and Huai
1859:Liaoning bronze dagger
1701:35.82778°N 102.85417°E
1678:Ancient sites in China
446:Chinese historiography
308:archaeological culture
220:
150:35.86405°N 102.81025°E
1488:(6332): 1382.3–1382.
442:legendary Great Flood
218:
198:Excavation dates
105:Alternative name
2476:Yangtze civilization
1063:, pp. 103–124,
642:, pp. 885–966,
1977:Middle Yellow River
1706:35.82778; 102.85417
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1545:(6332): 1382–1382.
1494:2017Sci...355Q1382H
1434:(6332): 1382–1382.
1301:(6332): 1382–1382.
1246:2021QSRv..25106737W
1200:2017JAESc.146..134Z
1148:2003ChSBu..48.1877Y
990:2014ChSBu..59.1151M
912:National Geographic
883:. 12 October 2005.
834:2005QuRes..63..347A
821:Quaternary Research
736:2012QuRes..77...23D
723:Quaternary Research
690:2018QuInt.490...74Z
249:archaeological site
155:35.86405; 102.81025
146: /
95:Show map of Qinghai
23:
2097:Lower Yellow River
1878:Upper Yellow River
1774:Northeastern China
1645:10.1002/ajpa.20623
1156:10.1007/BF03184071
1108:10.1111/arcm.12447
1059:, Chichester, UK:
463:social structure.
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2466:Liao civilization
1350:(6299): 579–582.
1142:(17): 1877–1881.
1078:978-1-118-32569-8
984:(11): 1151–1158.
657:978-1-139-05370-9
351:radiocarbon dated
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1985:Nanzhuangtou
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917:the original
910:
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727:
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576:www.kaogu.cn
575:
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490:. Retrieved
475:
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391:oracle bones
386:domesticated
383:
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322:flakes. Its
301:
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277:oracle bones
253:Yellow River
239:
223:
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18:
2504:Archaeology
2387:Shirenzigou
2327:Fanchengdui
2322:Fanchengdui
2181:Tangjiagang
2159:Pengtoushan
1830:Xinglonggou
1808:Xinglonggou
1786:Xinglonggou
1755:Paleolithic
1704: /
1692:102°51′15″E
1194:: 134–141.
952:: 194–204.
461:matrilineal
457:ancient DNA
450:Xia dynasty
432:and severe
413:Destruction
331:cereal crop
153: /
141:102°48′37″E
129:Coordinates
108:Lajia Ruins
2529:Categories
2315:Dayangzhou
2275:Guangfulin
2265:Lingjiatan
2203:Sanxingdui
2171:Chengbeixi
1961:Maoqinggou
1919:Xishanping
1902:Xishanping
1890:Xishanping
1869:Chaodaogou
1843:Xituanshan
1813:Niuheliang
1798:Zhaobaogou
1781:Xinglongwa
1765:Bronze Age
1689:35°49′40″N
1240:: 106737.
536:2164/23411
467:References
316:Bronze Age
314:and early
298:Background
246:Bronze Age
206:Management
193:Site notes
184:Earthquake
138:35°51′51″N
2438:Xichengyi
2405:Dabenkeng
2299:Zengpiyan
2255:Majiabang
2244:Kuahuqiao
2188:Qujialing
2164:Bashidang
2136:Chengziya
2074:Zhengzhou
2028:Jiangzhai
1991:Peiligang
1967:Majiayuan
1931:Zhukaigou
1864:Jinggouzi
1854:Baijinbao
1837:Laohushan
1820:Xiaoheyan
1760:Neolithic
1653:0002-9483
1615:134330532
1607:1674-7313
1561:0036-8075
1512:0036-8075
1450:0036-8075
1409:0091-7613
1364:0036-8075
1317:0036-8075
1262:0277-3791
1216:1367-9120
1164:1861-9541
1116:0003-813X
1042:894364629
1006:1001-6538
858:128546916
850:0033-5894
805:129911109
797:0939-6314
760:128679698
752:0033-5894
706:1040-6182
684:: 74–81.
545:1879-9817
519:: 66–79.
492:3 January
399:porcelain
312:Neolithic
281:porcelain
2362:Xinjiang
2270:Liangzhu
2227:Feijiahe
2215:Erligang
2193:Shijiahe
2131:Longshan
2126:Dawenkou
2119:Xishuipo
2114:Yangshao
2069:Erligang
2040:Longshan
2018:Yangshao
1897:Majiayao
1803:Hongshan
1661:17506489
1569:28360293
1520:28360292
1458:28360291
1372:27493183
1325:28360294
1172:96531032
1014:95717366
885:Archived
880:BBC News
610:Archived
606:kaogu.cn
580:Archived
553:31606648
486:Archived
434:mudflows
378:Triticum
186:Mudslide
171:Cultures
113:Location
2514:History
2494:History
2453:Shajing
2427:Beifudi
2382:Subeshi
2310:Wucheng
2087:Huanbei
2062:Xinzhai
2057:Erlitou
2008:Dadiwan
1936:Xindian
1907:Banshan
1885:Dadiwan
1539:Science
1490:Bibcode
1481:Science
1428:Science
1388:Geology
1344:Science
1295:Science
1242:Bibcode
1196:Bibcode
1144:Bibcode
986:Bibcode
830:Bibcode
732:Bibcode
686:Bibcode
407:vitrify
372:Hordeum
355:foxtail
347:noodles
285:noodles
261:Qinghai
244:) is a
228:Chinese
166:History
124:Qinghai
2448:Shanma
2410:Beinan
2397:Taiwan
2371:Xiaohe
2352:Qugong
2305:Shixia
2282:Maqiao
2260:Songze
2250:Hemudu
2208:Jinsha
2198:Baodun
2143:Yueshi
2109:Beixin
2050:Shimao
2013:Baijia
2003:Cishan
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586:17 May
551:
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363:barley
335:millet
269:millet
238::
236:pinyin
230::
181:Events
121:Region
2433:Yumin
2419:Other
2377:Tarim
2347:Karuo
2339:Tibet
2104:Houli
2045:Taosi
2023:Banpo
1996:Jiahu
1956:Ordos
1951:Kayue
1941:Xicha
1924:Lajia
1914:Qijia
1793:Xinle
1611:S2CID
1168:S2CID
1010:S2CID
854:S2CID
801:S2CID
756:S2CID
367:wheat
341:Finds
306:, an
273:sheep
257:Gansu
241:Lǎjiā
224:Lajia
188:Flood
175:Qijia
116:China
22:Lajia
2443:Siba
2176:Daxi
1946:Siwa
1657:PMID
1649:ISSN
1603:ISSN
1565:PMID
1557:ISSN
1516:PMID
1508:ISSN
1454:PMID
1446:ISSN
1405:ISSN
1368:PMID
1360:ISSN
1321:PMID
1313:ISSN
1276:link
1258:ISSN
1212:ISSN
1160:ISSN
1112:ISSN
1073:ISBN
1038:OCLC
1002:ISSN
925:2021
893:2021
846:ISSN
793:ISSN
748:ISSN
702:ISSN
652:ISBN
618:2021
588:2021
549:PMID
541:ISSN
494:2017
403:flux
375:and
357:and
324:moat
320:jade
259:and
1641:doi
1637:133
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