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94:
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535:, a military coup against Argentine president Illia took place on June 28, 1966. General Alsogaray presented himself in Illia's office that day, at 5:00 a.m., and 'invited' him to resign his post. Illia refused to do so at first, citing his role as Commander-in-Chief, but at 7:20, after seeing his office invaded by military officers and policemen with grenade launchers, he was forced step down. The next day, General
354:. On 9 October SepĂşlveda went to the Chilean Police station at the O'Higgins/San MartĂn Lake to denounce the Argentine requirement. On 17 October Carabineros sent a platoon to the zone and built an outpost in the property of Juana SepĂşlveda and later a six-man reconnaissance patrol was sent to a shelter 8 km farther south. They were major Miguel Torres Fernández, lieutenant
407:
On 6 November at 14:00 Major Torres received the order to return to the police station. Two
Carabineros, Soto and Villagrán, were ordered to bring the horses and the other four men prepared their return. At 16:40 they were surrounded by approximately 90 Argentine Gendarmes. As the Chileans noted the
546:
Michel Morris stated that
Argentina had used threats and force to pursue its claims against Chile and Great Britain and that some of the hostile acts or armed incidents appear to have been caused by zealous local commanders. Gino Bianchetti Andrade thinks that the Argentine Gendarmerie made in this
305:
in the March 1965 elections shook the
Argentine Armed Forces, both among internal military factions linked to the Peronist movement, and in particular among the large section of the army which remained strongly anti-Peronist. In addition, a campaign against the government was also being carried out
523:
In 1994, an international tribunal awarded almost the whole zone to
Argentina. After a refused appeal in 1995, Chile accepted the award. Lieutenant Hernán Merino Correa became one of the best-known and emblematic Carabinero in Chile and the statements about him reveal that the image of the ideal
524:
Carabinero, one who embodies heroism, devotion to homeland and self-sacrifice, (even to the point of dying) has been successfully maintained. His body was brought to
Santiago where he was accorded a state funeral and he was interred under the monument to the glories of Carabineros de Chile. The
542:
Both countries gave different accounts of the incident, each accusing the other of initiating the attack. Argentine sources denied the number of 90 members of
Gendarmes. No official inquiry on the incident have been ever held by the Argentine government.
330:), Illia was nicknamed "the turtle" in both editorials and caricatures, and his rule was vaguely referred to as "slow," "dim-witted" and "lacking energy and decision," encouraging the military to take power and weakening the government even more;
249:
considered the demands of Chile and
Argentina as irreconcilable and previous authorization of both governments draw a boundary between the extreme pretensions of the litigants. In the Laguna del Desierto region, the tribunal set the
711:
470:
297:
in May, and became a vocal opponent of the president. This antagonism intensified after PerĂłn's failed attempt to return in
December, and during 1965, CGT leaders began publicly hinting at support for a coup.
430:
29:
795:
916:
954:
1003:
995:
246:
205:
on 6 November 1965, resulting in one lieutenant killed and a sergeant injured, both members of
Carabineros, creating a tense atmosphere between Chile and Argentina.
458:
629:(both ex-Director General of Carabineros de Chile) in Chilean Congress on 17 November 1999 for the 34 Anniversary of the death of Lieutenant Hernán Merino Correa.
909:
373:
and agreed to revert to the status quo before the
Argentine requirement: withdraw the forces, no further buildings for Carabineros or Gendarmerie in the zone.
334:
went further, publicly exhorting the public to support a coup and publishing a (non-scientific) opinion poll touting public support for the illegal measure.
350:
On 4 October 1965, the Chilean settler Domingo SepĂşlveda was instructed by Argentine gendarmes to regularize his settlement by the Argentine authorities in
493:
1213:
902:
556:
1114:
1198:
630:
1193:
792:
484:
Major Torres, ManrĂquez and Meza were captured and brought, along with Merino's body, to the barracks of Regimiento N° 181 de Combate of the
442:
1203:
269:, ordered by the Chilean government, revealed that the lake emptied to the Atlantic shores. Chile and Argentina had to redraw their maps.
286:
1208:
1031:
358:, sergeant Miguel ManrĂquez, the lance-corporal VĂctor Meza Durán and the Carabineros Julio Soto JimĂ©nez and JosĂ© Villagrán Garrido.
1163:
507:, on 10 November 1965 called the killing of Merino "an unprecedented and unexcusable act in the history of our boundary disputes."
693:
547:
case a deliberated and planned use of violence in order to obtain control of the zone and political preponderance of the force.
1168:
642:
1040:
961:
838:
769:
492:. On 9 November they were freed and flew to Chile with an envoy of Presidente Frei, Juan Hamilton (then sub-secretary in the
1173:
947:
500:
412:, they called to negotiate, Argentine forces shot dead Lieutenant Hernán Merino and injured Sergeant Miguel ManrĂquez.
734:"Boundary dispute between Argentina and Chile concerning the frontier line between boundary post 62 and Mount Fitzroy"
314:, the nation's leading newsmagazines. Seizing on minimally relevant events such as the President's refusal to support
400:
to meet the "Buenos Aires" in the same area. They were accompanied by journalists and photographers of the magazine
1178:
476:
Chilean Mayor Miguel Torres (right) and Carabinero VĂctor Meza Durán (left) in custody of the Argentine Gendarmerie
376:
On the Argentine side, on 1 November the operation Laguna del Desierto under the command of Osiris Villegas and
290:
202:
385:
198:
112:
674:
436:
Argentine forces deployed into the area to establish secure and covert positions overlooking the killing zone
351:
1188:
1153:
641:
General Villegas was the first chief negotiator of the Argentine delegation at the Vatican during the
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987:
815:
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532:
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Sergeant ManrĂquez lies seriously injured. In the background, an Argentine gendarm with a handgun
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266:
449:
355:
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1080:
74:
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931:
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254:(cornerstone 62) at the O'Higgins/San Martin Lake and draw the boundary from there to mount
1048:
940:
894:
889:
La Laguna del Desierto y su proyecciĂłn geográfica en los problemas de lĂmites con Argentina
315:
278:
194:
141:
258:
on the MartĂnez de Rozas Range awarding Chile the complete valley of Laguna del Desierto.
8:
323:
663:
393:
370:
327:
1064:
834:
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733:
63:
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to the zone and later, on 3 November, the Gendarmerie Squadron 43 was ordered from
581:
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489:
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531:
Under the planning of the Commander of the First Division of the Army, General
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342:
1147:
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The initially organized labour support for 1963 elected Argentine President
528:
of Carabineros bears his name, as many other schools and streets in Chile.
409:
366:
659:
625:
Speeches of Senators (appointed) Fernando Cordero Rusque and of (elected)
877:
862:
MetodologĂa de analisĂs de crisis, Laguna del Desierto: La Crisis de 1965
803:
515:
28:
238:
1903 Herbert Leland Crosthwait map (in charge of marking the terrain)
99:
302:
255:
41:. In the background, the shelter built by the Chilean Carabineros
346:
A map showing the territorial dispute between Chile and Argentina
38:
582:"The Cordillera of the Andes Boundary Case (Argentina, Chile)"
128:
924:
389:
757:
694:"LA INVASIĂ“N ARGENTINA DE LAGUNA DEL DESIERTO EN 1965"
281:
turned to antagonism during 1964, as secret plans for
392:
flights the Gendarmerie Squadron "Buenos Aires" from
891:, Revista de GeografĂa Norte Grande,18: 19–26 (1991)
285:'s return from exile took shape. Accordingly, the
826:
761:Public Security And Police Reform in the Americas
751:
557:List of hostile incidents at the Argentine border
1145:
272:
910:
860:Gino Bianchetti Andrade, Capitán de Corbeta,
16:1965 border clash between Argentina and Chile
955:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
658:Letters to director, in Argentine newspaper
494:Ministry of the Interior and Public Security
417:Photographs published in Argentine magazine
369:, presidents of Chile and Argentina, met in
917:
903:
820:
27:
1214:History of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina
306:by important parts of the media, notably
996:Patagonia west of the continental divide
925:Territorial disputes involving Argentina
691:
608:
606:
514:
341:
208:
1146:
643:Papal mediation in the Beagle conflict
1199:November 1965 events in South America
898:
603:
197:and between 40 and 90 members of the
972:Disputes settled in the 20th century
816:Todo Argentina: Presidencia de Illia
809:
539:became the new Argentine President.
1204:Presidency of Eduardo Frei Montalva
758:John Bailey; LucĂa Dammert (2006).
675:"ÂżQue pasĂł en Laguna del Desierto?"
452:lies mortally wounded in the woods.
201:and took place in an area south of
13:
616:. Stanford University Press, 1996.
614:The Army and Politics in Argentina
562:Laguna del Desierto § Dispute
14:
1225:
1209:Territorial disputes of Argentina
870:
388:respectively, brought in several
380:, chief of the V Division of the
1194:History of Argentina (1955–1973)
764:. University of Pittsburgh Pre.
469:
457:
441:
429:
231:
217:
135:
121:
106:
92:
62:Puesto Arbilla, to the south of
1164:1965 in international relations
854:
833:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
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681:(in Spanish). January 25, 2005.
337:
726:
712:"The Laguna del Desierto case"
704:
685:
667:
652:
635:
619:
574:
287:General Confederation of Labor
199:Argentine National Gendarmerie
1:
962:Southern Patagonian Ice Field
567:
1073:Laguna del Desierto incident
510:
273:Argentine internal situation
191:Laguna del Desierto incident
22:Laguna del Desierto incident
7:
1174:Battles involving Argentina
884:, retrieved on 19 June 2013
739:. Legal UN. 21 October 1994
632:, retrieved on 19 June 2013
550:
519:Monument to the Carabineros
501:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
10:
1230:
827:Michael A. Morris (1989).
692:DRROMERO (April 6, 2008).
1169:Argentina–Chile relations
1030:
971:
930:
203:O'Higgins/San MartĂn Lake
162:
149:
84:
45:
26:
21:
679:histocultura.blogspot.de
1179:Battles involving Chile
698:romeroyah.wordpress.com
649:called to invade Chile.
378:Julio Rodolfo Alsogaray
267:United States Air Force
37:called the firefight a
33:The Argentine magazine
1081:Sinking of Chian-der 3
830:The Strait of Magellan
520:
347:
193:occurred between four
75:Status quo ante bellum
35:Gente y la Actualidad
1130:49.14722°S 72.93389°W
1004:Encuentro-Alto Palena
518:
419:Gente y la Actualidad
402:Gente y la Actualidad
386:Argentine Gendarmerie
363:Eduardo Frei Montalva
345:
263:aerial reconnaissance
247:British award of 1902
209:Historical background
163:Casualties and losses
113:Argentine Gendarmerie
1135:-49.14722; -72.93389
1049:Corbeta Uruguay base
1020:MartĂn GarcĂa Island
941:Argentine Antarctica
793:Hernán Merino Correa
526:Escuela de Fronteras
450:Hernán Merino Correa
384:and Director of the
356:Hernán Merino Correa
316:Operation Power Pack
142:Carabineros de Chile
1126: /
1041:Beagle channel maps
1012:Laguna del Desierto
882:Laguna del Desierto
537:Juan Carlos OnganĂa
324:April 1965 invasion
301:The triumph of the
195:Chilean Carabineros
876:Chilean newspaper
798:2016-03-03 at the
591:. 20 November 1902
521:
394:El Palomar Airport
371:Mendoza, Argentina
348:
328:Dominican Republic
283:Juan Domingo PerĂłn
1189:Conflicts in 1965
1154:1965 in Argentina
1109:
1108:
1065:Hope Bay incident
887:Prof. R. Borgel,
840:978-0-7923-0181-3
771:978-0-8229-7294-5
224:1902 referee map.
187:
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80:
79:
64:Del Desierto Lake
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1184:Combat incidents
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948:Falkland Islands
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988:Puna de Atacama
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980:Beagle conflict
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932:Latent disputes
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806:on 19 June 2013
800:Wayback Machine
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645:and during the
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612:Potash, Robert.
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361:On 30 October,
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53:6 November 1965
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844:. Retrieved
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775:. Retrieved
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741:. Retrieved
728:
716:. Retrieved
706:
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637:
621:
613:
593:. Retrieved
589:legal.un.org
588:
576:
545:
541:
530:
525:
522:
499:The Chilean
498:
490:RĂo Gallegos
483:
418:
410:encirclement
406:
401:
375:
367:Arturo Illia
360:
352:RĂo Gallegos
349:
338:The incident
331:
311:
307:
300:
279:Arturo Illia
276:
260:
251:
244:
190:
188:
155:12 Gendarmes
119:
90:
85:Belligerents
34:
1133: /
1051:(1976–1982)
1043:(1898–1984)
878:El Mercurio
804:El Mercurio
595:23 February
448:Lieutenant
291:José Alonso
261:In 1946 an
1148:Categories
1121:72°56′02″W
1118:49°08′50″S
743:2 February
718:2 February
714:. Jusmundi
568:References
398:RĂo Turbio
332:Confirmado
312:Confirmado
180:2 captured
1098:SoberanĂa
1032:Incidents
660:La NaciĂłn
511:Aftermath
293:called a
177:1 injured
100:Argentina
796:Archived
791:Article
551:See also
256:Fitz Roy
174:1 killed
150:Strength
58:Location
846:20 June
777:19 June
421:in 1965
326:of the
265:of the
252:hito 62
1101:(1978)
1091:(1958)
1083:(1986)
1075:(1965)
1067:(1952)
1059:(1982)
1022:(1973)
1014:(1994)
1006:(1966)
998:(1902)
990:(1904)
982:(1984)
837:
768:
126:
97:
71:Result
39:battle
802:, in
737:(PDF)
585:(PDF)
129:Chile
848:2013
835:ISBN
779:2013
766:ISBN
745:2023
720:2023
597:2018
390:DC-3
365:and
310:and
245:The
189:The
168:None
50:Date
496:).
488:in
322:'s
1150::
696:.
677:.
662:,
605:^
587:.
503:,
404:.
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850:.
781:.
747:.
722:.
700:.
599:.
318:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
