325:
549:
48:
226:
35:
288:
361:
344:
306:
261:
266:
241:
406:
bands on its cap. It is brown, and is probably named after its matte, "quiet" surface and colouration. It is found exclusively under oak trees in Europe, where it grows solitarily or in scattered groups in autumn months. In North
America, the
578:
measures from 4 to 9 centimetres (1.6 to 3.5 in) in height, and is typically 10 to 15 millimetres (0.39 to 0.59 in) thick. It is cylindrical in shape, but is sometimes furrowed lengthways, and it lacks a
574:
bands or spots. This zoning is one of the most distinctive features of the species. The cap is dry and matt, and not sticky when moist. It features a thick layer of firm, whitish-buff flesh. The
599:
and wet laundry. The spores are oval, with plentiful warts joined by numerous ridges, forming a well-developed network. The spores typically measure 7.5 to 9 by 6.5 to 7.5
566:
of 5 to 8 centimetres (2.0 to 3.1 in) across, which later flattens or develops a small depression in the centre. In colour, the cap is a dull reddish brown with a tint of
621:
is typically slightly larger than the nominate variety, and younger specimens feature a whitish bloom, after which the variant is named. It has a sweet smell reminiscent of
1185:
Courtya, Pierre-Emmanuel; Brédab, Nathalie; Garbayea, Jean (2006). "Relation between oak tree phenology and the secretion of organic matter degrading enzymes by
633:
1568:
1387:
1016:
1439:
1516:
1286:
225:
1639:
1555:
1361:
1649:
1090:
1059:
999:
864:
795:
1076:
985:
785:
850:
1122:
961:
1624:
1444:
1629:
671:
trees, solitarily or in scattered groups, in soil. It can be found very commonly throughout autumn months. It is
1426:
856:
1277:
761:
47:
1596:
1547:
1454:
1353:
906:
704:
675:, feeding symbiotically exclusively with oak, though studies have suggested it is also able to feed
1634:
1418:
1020:
648:
has been variously described as edible and inedible. The milk has a mild or slightly bitter taste.
522:
translates as :hoary", referring to the whited bloom which can sometimes be seen on the mushrooms.
583:. It is concolorous with the cap, or a little darker, and is sometimes hollow. The brownish-white
1644:
587:
are slightly decurrent, and change colour with age to a pale reddish brown with mauve hints. The
1573:
1392:
1239:
1217:
472:
886:
811:
732:
480:
means "quiet" or "calm", and is possibly used to refer to the unintrusive colours of the cap.
142:
1480:
1322:
1147:
8:
627:
507:
439:
672:
1619:
1167:
584:
511:
430:
398:
367:
247:
168:
159:
42:
1184:
1529:
1521:
1475:
1309:
1291:
1159:
1118:
1086:
1055:
995:
957:
860:
791:
563:
271:
1534:
1314:
1198:
1151:
676:
580:
575:
484:
408:
311:
1202:
656:
also has conflicting reports concerning its edibility, and so is not recommended.
1507:
1462:
991:
1431:
1542:
1348:
916:
768:
684:
548:
89:
1613:
1262:
1163:
1051:
79:
1138:
Luschka, Norbert (1997). "Macrofungi in
Central German Floodplain Forests".
451:. Subsequent attempts to reclassify the species were unsuccessful; in 1871,
418:
is fairly common in the same habitat. The mushroom's edibility is disputed.
34:
1082:
687:, it is one of the one hundred most commonly encountered mushroom species.
475:
1467:
1413:
1374:
1301:
1271:
622:
529:
460:
452:
351:
331:
202:
109:
1560:
1366:
1171:
571:
403:
99:
1379:
1586:
1405:
1335:
953:
625:, and can be commonly found under oak trees. It can be confused with
119:
59:
1233:
1155:
591:
is white or cream in colour. The mushroom has a distinctive, strong
1581:
1501:
1400:
1340:
1256:
893:
819:
740:
567:
293:
252:
231:
190:
1327:
69:
637:, but both of these species are found in coniferous woodland.
596:
588:
600:
659:
1045:
668:
592:
852:
Mushrooms of West
Virginia and the Central Appalachians
532:
oak milkcap, oakbug milkcap and the southern milkcap.
447:, published in 1838, Fries transferred the species to
950:
Mushrooms and Other Fungi of Great
Britain and Europe
1117:. London: Mitchell Beazley Publishing. p. 115.
1048:
Complete Guide to
British Mushrooms & Toadstools
429:
was first described and named by
Swedish mycologist
402:. It is easily identified by its oily scent and the
494:was described by Fries in the second volume of his
1611:
1137:
540:is commonly known as the burnt sugar lactarius.
467:, but today Fries's placement of the species in
1008:
987:The Encyclopedia of Fungi of Britain and Europe
1189:ectomycorrhizas before and during bud break".
695:is found commonly in eastern North America.
667:is found growing exclusively at the base of
1078:Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of the World
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
33:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1041:
1039:
1037:
979:
977:
975:
973:
947:
547:
1140:Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters
922:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
779:
777:
660:Habitat, ecology and areas of spreading
1612:
1112:
1099:
1034:
983:
595:smell, which has also been likened to
421:
1238:
1237:
970:
848:
783:
455:described the species as a member of
1597:89a6aeab-4215-469b-b98e-c4ad791a0470
1455:b28c4cb7-a508-455f-951a-f6997c7412f1
1074:
1068:
1046:Sterry, Paul; Hughes, Barry (2009).
1014:
833:
774:
727:
725:
723:
683:can be found only in Europe; in the
679:, growing from organic soil matter.
1215:
1209:
516:North American species of Lactarius
13:
443:, published in 1821. In his later
14:
1661:
1019:. RogersMushrooms. Archived from
720:
498:, published in 1863. The variety
496:Monographia Hymenomycetum Sueciae
1640:Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries
1218:"Lactarius quietus var. incanus"
359:
342:
323:
304:
286:
264:
259:
239:
224:
46:
1178:
1131:
888:Lactarius quietus var. unicolor
606:
445:Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici
1650:Mycorrhizal associates of oaks
899:
879:
804:
754:
543:
1:
1203:10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.01.017
1191:Soil Biology and Biochemistry
714:
396:) is a mushroom of the genus
857:University Press of Kentucky
640:
7:
1216:Kuo, Michael (March 2005).
790:. Read Books. p. 230.
698:
603:, and leave a cream print.
437:in the first volume of his
232:Mycological characteristics
10:
1666:
919:. Accessed 1 January 2011.
896:. Accessed 1 January 2011.
849:Roody, William C. (2003).
771:. Accessed 1 January 2011.
1491:
1246:
1113:Pegler, David N. (1983).
1075:Hall, Ian Robert (2003).
358:
341:
321:
303:
285:
258:
238:
219:
174:
167:
148:
141:
43:Scientific classification
41:
32:
25:
1115:Mushrooms and Toadstools
984:Jordan, Michael (2004).
948:Phillips, Roger (1981).
570:, sometimes with darker
1625:Fungi described in 1821
562:typically has a convex
384:(commonly known as the
1630:Fungi of North America
556:
551:
1220:. MushroomExpert.com
1148:Blackwell Publishing
787:British Edible Fungi
784:Cooke, M.C. (2007).
1017:"Lactarius quietus"
508:Lexemuel Ray Hesler
440:Systema Mycologicum
422:Taxonomy and naming
557:
512:Alexander H. Smith
431:Elias Magnus Fries
198:Lactifluus quietus
186:Galorrheus quietus
1607:
1606:
1476:Open Tree of Life
1278:Lactarius quietus
1248:Lactarius quietus
1240:Taxon identifiers
1187:Lactarius quietus
1092:978-0-88192-586-9
1061:978-0-00-723224-6
1015:Phillips, Roger.
1001:978-0-7112-2379-0
908:Lactarius quietus
866:978-0-8131-9039-6
797:978-1-4067-5608-1
735:Lactarius quietus
665:Lactarius quietus
646:Lactarius quietus
615:Lactarius quietus
560:Lactarius quietus
534:Lactarius quietus
526:Lactarius quietus
506:was described by
500:Lactarius quietus
488:Lactarius quietus
471:is accepted. The
463:classified it as
427:Lactarius quietus
381:Lactarius quietus
375:
374:
221:Lactarius quietus
214:Species of fungus
212:
211:
206:
194:
182:
152:Lactarius quietus
27:Lactarius quietus
16:Species of fungus
1657:
1600:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1576:
1564:
1563:
1551:
1550:
1538:
1537:
1525:
1524:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1493:Agaricus quietus
1484:
1483:
1471:
1470:
1458:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1435:
1434:
1432:NBNSYS0000021716
1422:
1421:
1409:
1408:
1396:
1395:
1383:
1382:
1370:
1369:
1357:
1356:
1344:
1343:
1331:
1330:
1318:
1317:
1305:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1110:
1097:
1096:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1043:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1012:
1006:
1005:
981:
968:
967:
945:
920:
903:
897:
883:
877:
876:
874:
873:
846:
831:
830:
828:
826:
814:Agaricus quietus
808:
802:
801:
781:
772:
763:Lactarius vietus
758:
752:
751:
749:
747:
729:
677:saprotrophically
528:is known by the
473:specific epithet
435:Agaricus quietus
394:southern milkcap
363:
362:
346:
345:
327:
326:
308:
307:
290:
289:
268:
267:
263:
262:
243:
242:
228:
217:
216:
201:
189:
180:
178:Agaricus quietus
154:
51:
50:
37:
23:
22:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1635:Fungi of Europe
1610:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1595:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1572:
1567:
1559:
1554:
1546:
1541:
1533:
1528:
1520:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1487:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1463:Observation.org
1461:
1453:
1451:
1443:
1438:
1430:
1425:
1417:
1412:
1404:
1399:
1391:
1386:
1378:
1373:
1365:
1360:
1352:
1347:
1339:
1334:
1326:
1321:
1313:
1308:
1300:
1298:
1290:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1242:
1232:
1223:
1221:
1214:
1210:
1183:
1179:
1156:10.2307/2997736
1136:
1132:
1125:
1111:
1100:
1093:
1085:. p. 316.
1073:
1069:
1062:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1024:
1013:
1009:
1002:
994:. p. 306.
992:Frances Lincoln
982:
971:
964:
946:
923:
904:
900:
884:
880:
871:
869:
867:
859:. p. 101.
847:
834:
824:
822:
810:
809:
805:
798:
782:
775:
759:
755:
745:
743:
737:(Fr.) Fr. 1838"
731:
730:
721:
717:
701:
673:ectomycorrhizal
662:
643:
612:
546:
433:, who named it
424:
377:
376:
360:
343:
328:
324:
305:
287:
265:
260:
240:
234:
229:
215:
163:
156:
150:
137:
134:L. quietus
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1663:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1645:Fungus species
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1591:
1578:
1565:
1552:
1539:
1526:
1513:
1497:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1472:
1459:
1449:
1436:
1423:
1410:
1397:
1384:
1371:
1358:
1345:
1332:
1319:
1306:
1296:
1283:
1268:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1231:
1230:
1208:
1197:(7): 1655–63.
1177:
1130:
1123:
1098:
1091:
1067:
1060:
1054:. p. 58.
1033:
1007:
1000:
969:
962:
956:. p. 83.
921:
917:Index Fungorum
898:
878:
865:
832:
803:
796:
773:
769:Index Fungorum
753:
718:
716:
713:
712:
711:
700:
697:
685:United Kingdom
661:
658:
642:
639:
611:
605:
555:gills and milk
545:
542:
514:in their 1979
459:, and in 1891
423:
420:
390:oakbug milkcap
373:
372:
364:
356:
355:
347:
339:
338:
329:
322:
319:
318:
309:
301:
300:
291:
283:
282:
269:
256:
255:
244:
236:
235:
230:
223:
213:
210:
209:
208:
207:
195:
183:
172:
171:
165:
164:
157:
146:
145:
139:
138:
131:
129:
125:
124:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
90:Agaricomycetes
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
39:
38:
30:
29:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1662:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1219:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1126:
1124:0-85533-500-9
1120:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1052:HarperCollins
1049:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1023:on 2008-07-06
1022:
1018:
1011:
1003:
997:
993:
989:
988:
980:
978:
976:
974:
965:
963:0-330-26441-9
959:
955:
951:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
918:
914:
913:
909:
902:
895:
891:
889:
882:
868:
862:
858:
854:
853:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
821:
817:
815:
807:
799:
793:
789:
788:
780:
778:
770:
766:
764:
757:
742:
738:
736:
728:
726:
724:
719:
710:
708:
703:
702:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
657:
655:
651:
647:
638:
636:
635:
630:
629:
624:
620:
616:
610:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
554:
550:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
486:
481:
479:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
441:
436:
432:
428:
419:
417:
413:
410:
405:
401:
400:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:
371:
370:
366:Edibility is
365:
357:
354:
353:
348:
340:
337:
333:
330:
320:
317:
313:
310:
302:
299:
295:
292:
284:
281:
277:
273:
270:
257:
254:
250:
249:
245:
237:
233:
227:
222:
218:
204:
199:
196:
192:
187:
184:
179:
176:
175:
173:
170:
166:
161:
155:
153:
147:
144:
143:Binomial name
140:
136:
135:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:
80:Basidiomycota
78:
75:
74:
71:
68:
65:
64:
61:
58:
55:
54:
49:
44:
40:
36:
31:
28:
24:
21:
1492:
1247:
1222:. Retrieved
1211:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1114:
1083:Timber Press
1077:
1070:
1047:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:the original
1010:
986:
949:
911:
907:
901:
887:
881:
870:. Retrieved
851:
823:. Retrieved
813:
806:
786:
762:
756:
744:. Retrieved
734:
706:
692:
688:
680:
664:
663:
653:
649:
645:
644:
634:L. mutabilis
632:
628:L. aquifluus
626:
618:
614:
613:
608:
559:
558:
552:
537:
533:
530:common names
525:
524:
519:
515:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
476:
468:
464:
456:
448:
444:
438:
434:
426:
425:
415:
411:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
379:
378:
368:
350:
335:
315:
297:
279:
275:
246:
220:
197:
185:
177:
162:) Fr. (1838)
151:
149:
133:
132:
120:
26:
20:
1414:NatureServe
1375:iNaturalist
1272:Wikispecies
623:maple syrup
544:Description
518:. The name
461:Otto Kuntze
453:Paul Kummer
386:oak milkcap
352:mycorrhizal
349:Ecology is
332:Spore print
110:Russulaceae
1614:Categories
1224:2009-02-10
1027:2009-02-10
952:. London:
872:2008-08-18
715:References
689:L. quietus
681:L. quietus
650:L. quietus
572:concentric
553:L. quietus
465:Lactifluus
457:Galorrheus
412:L. quietus
404:concentric
181:Fr. (1821)
100:Russulales
76:Division:
1620:Lactarius
1508:Q59531133
1419:2.1073438
1164:0960-7447
1150:: 231–5.
954:Pan Books
825:1 January
816:Fr. 1821"
746:1 January
707:Lactarius
641:Edibility
469:Lactarius
449:Lactarius
399:Lactarius
298:decurrent
128:Species:
121:Lactarius
66:Kingdom:
60:Eukaryota
1582:MycoBank
1574:10781962
1543:Fungorum
1522:60030096
1517:AusFungi
1502:Wikidata
1401:MycoBank
1393:10385139
1349:Fungorum
1299:BioLib:
1292:60030095
1287:AusFungi
1257:Wikidata
894:MycoBank
890:Fr. 1863
820:MycoBank
765:synonymy
741:MycoBank
705:List of
699:See also
568:cinnamon
492:unicolor
294:Hymenium
253:hymenium
169:Synonyms
106:Family:
56:Domain:
1561:5248617
1367:5248616
1328:1029968
1263:Q430845
1172:2997736
1146:(3/4).
912:incanus
709:species
693:incanus
654:incanus
619:incanus
609:incanus
597:bedbugs
538:incanus
520:incanus
504:incanus
485:variety
477:quietus
416:incanus
409:variety
369:unknown
191:P.Kumm.
116:Genus:
96:Order:
86:Class:
1594:NZOR:
1587:241249
1548:241249
1452:NZOR:
1445:111141
1406:157234
1380:155080
1354:157234
1341:LACTQU
1170:
1162:
1121:
1089:
1058:
998:
960:
863:
794:
276:convex
205:(1891)
203:Kuntze
200:(Fr.)
193:(1871)
188:(Fr.)
1569:IRMNG
1535:65NTR
1481:82941
1468:15307
1388:IRMNG
1315:6NT22
1302:60014
1168:JSTOR
910:var.
691:var.
652:var.
617:var.
607:var.
585:gills
536:var.
502:var.
490:var.
414:var.
336:cream
312:Stipe
248:Gills
70:Fungi
1556:GBIF
1440:NCBI
1362:GBIF
1336:EPPO
1160:ISSN
1119:ISBN
1087:ISBN
1056:ISBN
996:ISBN
958:ISBN
861:ISBN
827:2011
792:ISBN
748:2011
631:and
593:oily
589:milk
581:ring
576:stem
510:and
483:The
316:bare
280:flat
1530:CoL
1427:NBN
1323:EoL
1310:CoL
1199:doi
1152:doi
915:".
892:".
767:".
669:oak
564:cap
392:or
334:is
314:is
296:is
278:or
274:is
272:Cap
251:on
160:Fr.
1616::
1584::
1571::
1558::
1545::
1532::
1519::
1504::
1478::
1465::
1442::
1429::
1416::
1403::
1390::
1377::
1364::
1351::
1338::
1325::
1312::
1289::
1274::
1259::
1195:39
1193:.
1166:.
1158:.
1142:.
1101:^
1081:.
1050:.
1036:^
990:.
972:^
924:^
855:.
835:^
818:.
776:^
739:.
722:^
601:μm
388:,
1227:.
1205:.
1201::
1174:.
1154::
1144:6
1127:.
1095:.
1064:.
1030:.
1004:.
966:.
905:"
885:"
875:.
829:.
812:"
800:.
760:"
750:.
733:"
158:(
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