728:
6199:
752:
712:
764:
1889:
620:
600:
6713:
8515:
6371:
54:
643:
7155:
928:
332:
8463:
670:
682:
1834:
8809:
1823:
4465:
4402:
4382:
6313:
6301:
792:
8579:
763:
479:
561:
On that occasion, various
Buddhist influences seem to have permeated Manichaeism: "Buddhist influences were significant in the formation of Mani's religious thought. The transmigration of souls became a Manichaean belief, and the quadripartite structure of the Manichaean community, divided between
4203:
A gilt silver plate depicting a princely boar hunt, excavated from a tomb near Datong dated to 504 CE, is close to early
Sasanian royal hunting plates in style and technical aspects, but diverges enough to suggest a Bactrian origin dating from the era of the Kushano-Sasanian rule (ca. 275-350
727:
751:
711:
4329:
A seal inscribed in
Bactrian , fourth to fifth century AD , shows a Kushano - Sasanian or Kidarite official worshipping Vishnu : Pierfrancesco Callieri , Seals and Sealings from the North - West of the Indian Subcontinent and
6066:
619:
599:
423:
was directly in charge of the southern part of the territory, while in the north the
Kushanshahs maintained their rule. Important finds of Sasanian coinage beyond the Indus in the city of
6198:
841:
435:(r.383-388), suggesting that the expansion of Sasanian control beyond the Indus was the result of the wars of Shapur II "with the Chionites and Kushans" in 350-358 as described by
832:, and this influence remained active for several centuries in the northwest South Asia. Plates seemingly belonging to the art of the Kushano-Sasanians have also been found in
3871:
4364:
Problems of
Chronology in Gandhāran Art: Proceedings of the First International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 23rd-24th March, 2017
215:
190:
176:
6073:
1888:
642:
546:, where several religious paintings are attributed to him, and is believed to have lived and taught for some time. He is also related to have sailed to the
53:
379:
or "Kings of the
Kushans". The farthest extent of the Kushano-Sasanians to the east appears to have been Gandhara, and they apparently did not cross the
7197:
8481:
3781:
3841:
1864:
6370:
4627:
3905:
3811:
1621:
1572:
8171:
3821:
8237:
6193:
5785:
4675:
963:
6712:
5720:
1797:
8503:
5938:
1607:
1327:
562:
male and female monks (the 'elect') and lay follower (the 'hearers') who supported them, appears to be based on that of the
Buddhist
4600:
278:) or "King of the Kushans", and to mint coins. They are sometimes considered as forming a "sub-kingdom" inside the Sasanian Empire.
7158:
8838:
8706:
8530:
7438:
7396:
6059:
4809:
1522:
7190:
6040:
8268:
4502:
4483:
4422:
4372:
4266:
4174:
4129:
1775:
1582:
1552:
8833:
1857:
5995:
4620:
4163:
Sims, Vice-President
Eleanor G.; Sims, Eleanor; Marshak, Boris Ilʹich; Grube, Ernst J.; I, Boris Marshak (January 2002).
3898:
3631:
450:
The decline of the
Kushans and their defeat by the Kushano-Sasanians and the Sasanians, was followed by the rise of the
8511:
5990:
4991:
1802:
1792:
1785:
1542:
7183:
5401:
4559:
4538:
2108:
1745:
285:; the remainder was incorporated into the Sasanian Empire proper. Later, the Kidarites were in turn displaced by the
17:
2097:
8230:
4519:
4475:
The
Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature
1740:
281:
This administration continued until 360–370, when the Kushano-Sasanians lost much of their domains to the invading
8664:
8535:
6000:
5270:
4650:
1850:
1826:
1807:
1755:
1617:
907:
8462:
8643:
8035:
7388:
7135:
6035:
5980:
5230:
4613:
4473:
3891:
2140:
1898:
944:
8696:
8691:
8628:
8496:
8346:
6141:
5524:
4986:
3716:
1603:
1492:
1512:
8686:
8648:
8427:
7891:
7505:
7328:
5985:
4569:
2225:
1770:
1592:
1562:
462:) who in turn conquered Bactria and Gandhara and went as far as central India. They were later followed by
4362:
8778:
8223:
3826:
3696:
1177:
1003:
8010:
681:
8563:
8351:
8310:
6764:
6525:
5250:
3876:
1442:
935:
718:
589:
The obverse of the coin usually depicts the ruler with elaborate headdress and on the reverse either a
8711:
8701:
8633:
8447:
8387:
7310:
7121:
6603:
6537:
6519:
6392:
5486:
4780:
3846:
3806:
3796:
3271:
2865:
2214:
2086:
953:
8402:
669:
8843:
8812:
8489:
8417:
8330:
7973:
7627:
7471:
7424:
7334:
7206:
6609:
6606:
6600:
6594:
6564:
6507:
6180:
5933:
5506:
5220:
5210:
5205:
4800:
4790:
3731:
2485:
1472:
263:
4145:
8304:
8173:
Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture"
8031:
7144:
6624:
6591:
6567:
6561:
6546:
6389:
6083:
6030:
5918:
5795:
5700:
5544:
5426:
4835:
4785:
4636:
4282:
3836:
3801:
3636:
3416:
2965:
2517:
2446:
8848:
8681:
8674:
8618:
6981:
6582:
6573:
6516:
6451:
6436:
6010:
5770:
4795:
4730:
3751:
3726:
3676:
3616:
3201:
3137:
2935:
2151:
2026:
1750:
1502:
1482:
1033:
916:
4256:
4119:
4039:
3983:
3950:
757:
Terracotta head of a male figure, Kushano-Sasanian period, Gandhara region, 4th-5th century CE
404:(3rd-4th century CE), there was a rebellion of a certain Ormis (Ormisdas) against his brother
8593:
7793:
7677:
7648:
7548:
6870:
6861:
6555:
6531:
6386:
5845:
5820:
5730:
5361:
5195:
4302:
4194:
4164:
3982:
The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila, Michael Maas, Cambridge University Press, 2014
3786:
3756:
3621:
3576:
3406:
3045:
3035:
3005:
2737:
2717:
2578:
1947:
1909:
1083:
878:
860:
625:
606:
4007:
927:
781:. It is dated the 3rd-4th century CE, and was probably manufactured in northern Afghanistan.
8556:
7154:
6867:
5780:
5627:
5162:
4960:
3866:
3721:
3706:
3651:
3292:
872:
648:
436:
391:
336:
312:
8:
8056:
7994:
7446:
7241:
6876:
6873:
6824:
6528:
6383:
6020:
5954:
5810:
5235:
5225:
4955:
4880:
4323:
4099:
4021:
3646:
3374:
3221:
2915:
2895:
2307:
2255:
1780:
1760:
890:
884:
4434:"The Making of Turan: The Fall and Transformation of the Iranian East in Late Antiquity"
7805:
7632:
7576:
7532:
7067:
6864:
6409:
6403:
6175:
5970:
5923:
5790:
5705:
5690:
5647:
5602:
5466:
5255:
5041:
4930:
4890:
4815:
4660:
4573:
4508:
4453:
4237:
3851:
3711:
3691:
3336:
2945:
2855:
2625:
2615:
2548:
2497:
2203:
2119:
1838:
1317:
1187:
1132:
1053:
866:
813:
796:
575:
4464:
4401:
4381:
319:("King of kings of the Kushans"), seems to have occurred against contemporary emperor
8752:
8437:
8361:
8044:
8040:
7998:
7987:
7965:
7933:
7919:
7604:
7094:
6855:
6406:
6320:
6211:
6025:
5134:
4976:
4950:
4945:
4845:
4830:
4720:
4715:
4685:
4665:
4555:
4534:
4498:
4479:
4457:
4418:
4368:
4262:
4229:
4170:
4125:
3861:
3831:
3741:
3736:
3681:
3626:
3456:
3346:
3325:
3281:
3251:
2955:
2885:
2875:
2845:
2327:
2289:
2169:
1921:
1765:
1247:
1217:
993:
583:
483:
400:
275:
81:
4512:
4415:
King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE - 651 CE)
8773:
8742:
8603:
8325:
8278:
8215:
7929:
7914:
7910:
7863:
7859:
7819:
7785:
7781:
7600:
7091:
6909:
6671:
6105:
6015:
5943:
5564:
5451:
5260:
5245:
5094:
4940:
4900:
4855:
4840:
4445:
4087:
3856:
3791:
3761:
3746:
3701:
3686:
3671:
3641:
3536:
3231:
3015:
2925:
2804:
2794:
2747:
2676:
2655:
2245:
2235:
2074:
2009:
1700:
1337:
1267:
973:
516:
504:
4584:
4057:
769:
A probable Kushano-Sasanian plate with hunting scene, found in the 504 CE tomb of
416:("King of kings of the Kushans"), probably in defiance of imperial Sasanian rule.
8727:
8608:
8519:
8514:
8335:
8247:
8167:
8048:
8006:
8002:
7969:
7941:
7937:
7883:
7789:
7721:
7683:
7489:
7079:
6830:
6705:
6549:
6501:
6398:
6326:
6294:
6165:
6161:
6153:
6130:
6051:
6005:
5948:
5888:
5878:
5840:
5582:
5275:
5074:
5031:
5013:
4850:
4820:
4725:
4700:
4655:
4549:
4528:
4410:
4318:
3314:
3303:
3261:
3241:
3159:
3126:
2707:
2635:
2595:
2507:
2467:
2429:
2347:
1532:
1257:
1093:
1043:
1013:
534:, followed the Sasanian expansion to the east, which exposed him to the thriving
348:
292:
The Kushanshahs are mainly known through their coins. Their coins were minted at
240:
109:
331:
247:
during the 3rd and 4th centuries. The Sasanian Empire captured the provinces of
8768:
8732:
8638:
8623:
8613:
8568:
8551:
8452:
8412:
8392:
8298:
7903:
7776:
7673:
7274:
7061:
7021:
7007:
6677:
6378:
6347:
5965:
5928:
5750:
5685:
5559:
5411:
5396:
5366:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5084:
4935:
4925:
4885:
4670:
3524:
3476:
3170:
3148:
3116:
3094:
3055:
2985:
2975:
2835:
2568:
2378:
1880:
1462:
1387:
1377:
1297:
1277:
1207:
1113:
1063:
821:
742:
586:, sometimes inspired from Kushan coinage, and sometimes more clearly Sassanid.
579:
527:
119:
95:
77:
7323:
8827:
8669:
8052:
7855:
7815:
7716:
7699:
7652:
7637:
7623:
7596:
7592:
7552:
7537:
7526:
7478:
7100:
7046:
7001:
6842:
6800:
6665:
6487:
6454:
6350:
6344:
6230:
6157:
5960:
5913:
5805:
5637:
5622:
5554:
5313:
5079:
5051:
5036:
4996:
4895:
4750:
4735:
4690:
4233:
4071:
3919:
3446:
3386:
3211:
2605:
2558:
2538:
2412:
2395:
2357:
2337:
2272:
2056:
2046:
2036:
1979:
1710:
1665:
1452:
1432:
1412:
1307:
1237:
1073:
1023:
778:
705:
depicting the Sassanid emperors engaged in hunting or administering justice.
629:
487:
340:
260:
181:
359:
around 230 CE, then further to the eastern parts of their empire in western
8598:
7771:
7644:
7544:
7414:
7352:
7317:
7299:
7291:
7235:
7175:
7097:
7085:
7053:
7029:
7013:
7010:
6998:
6995:
6992:
6962:
6812:
6770:
6621:
6612:
6534:
6457:
6448:
6338:
5883:
5850:
5830:
5735:
5642:
5597:
5574:
5491:
5386:
5303:
5293:
5185:
4920:
4915:
4905:
4865:
4805:
4770:
4695:
4299:"a Sasanian prince is represented adoring before the Indian god Vishnu" in
3566:
3556:
3436:
3426:
3356:
3191:
3181:
3065:
2995:
2777:
2697:
2317:
2181:
2129:
1997:
1685:
1422:
1367:
1197:
833:
547:
455:
286:
4605:
4449:
266:
in 225 CE. The local Sasanian governors then went on to take the title of
8789:
8737:
8356:
8263:
8192:
The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century
7960:
7953:
7836:
7810:
7618:
7588:
7249:
7109:
7106:
7058:
6988:
6931:
6827:
6818:
6773:
6758:
6749:
6743:
6618:
6585:
6543:
6513:
6510:
6477:
6445:
6329:
5975:
5908:
5860:
5825:
5800:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5745:
5740:
5695:
5675:
5667:
5496:
5481:
5431:
5421:
5376:
5333:
5109:
5104:
5069:
4870:
4825:
4765:
3586:
3546:
3506:
2905:
2767:
2757:
1705:
1632:
1167:
1122:
717:
Kushano-Sasanian footed cup with medallion, 3rd-4th century CE, Bactria,
652:
590:
543:
531:
478:
467:
459:
380:
376:
195:
4241:
4217:
809:
8372:
8340:
8273:
8022:
7832:
7103:
7025:
6968:
6950:
6836:
6833:
6815:
6806:
6797:
6794:
6752:
6740:
6734:
6719:
6686:
6674:
6650:
6629:
6588:
6579:
6576:
6570:
6552:
6522:
6442:
6353:
6260:
5855:
5680:
5612:
5607:
5534:
5516:
5476:
5461:
5441:
5406:
5391:
5353:
5343:
5328:
5318:
5285:
5172:
5099:
4875:
4775:
4705:
4367:. University of Oxford The Classical Art Research Centre Archaeopress.
3496:
3396:
3106:
1720:
1695:
1690:
1347:
1287:
1142:
829:
734:
633:
463:
432:
356:
267:
5059:
8288:
8283:
8258:
7765:
6915:
6899:
6845:
6791:
6761:
6755:
6746:
6731:
6725:
6615:
6558:
6540:
6341:
6239:
5775:
5725:
5657:
5592:
5539:
5529:
5501:
5436:
5381:
5371:
5308:
5298:
5144:
5021:
4981:
4910:
4760:
4358:
4006:
Sasanian Seals and Sealings, Rika Gyselen, Peeters Publishers, 2007,
3466:
1660:
1357:
1103:
845:
770:
451:
440:
428:
420:
405:
395:
320:
282:
208:
7017:
4433:
4390:
3964:
367:(240–270). Thus the Kushans lost their western territory (including
8747:
8442:
8382:
8320:
8315:
7843:
7726:
7584:
7410:
7402:
7356:
7347:
6947:
6937:
6919:
6809:
6767:
6728:
6722:
6683:
6680:
6647:
6597:
6480:
6335:
6332:
6248:
6245:
6125:
6110:
5835:
5815:
5416:
5240:
5154:
5089:
4860:
4121:
Exegisti Monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams
3816:
2727:
2192:
1969:
1959:
1680:
817:
801:
738:
551:
539:
535:
520:
409:
383:, since almost none of their coinage has been found in the city of
372:
364:
360:
256:
99:
91:
6312:
6300:
574:
The Kushano-Sassanids created an extensive coinage with legend in
398:(276-293 CE) of the Sasanian Empire, but failed. According to the
8422:
8407:
7924:
7850:
7751:
7732:
7580:
7453:
7406:
7368:
7361:
6940:
6848:
6803:
6788:
6782:
6776:
6653:
6471:
6276:
6265:
6236:
6115:
5715:
5710:
5652:
5587:
5471:
5456:
5323:
5200:
5190:
5139:
4745:
3025:
1930:
1675:
1227:
791:
702:
656:
368:
352:
252:
244:
470:, until the arrival of Muslims to north-western parts of India.
8795:
8432:
8397:
8377:
8366:
7887:
7458:
7373:
7305:
7231:
7064:
7033:
6943:
6912:
6906:
6883:
6785:
6779:
6737:
6641:
6463:
6423:
6288:
6242:
6120:
5617:
5549:
5180:
5114:
5026:
4740:
4551:
A Comprehensive History of India: The Mauryas & Satavahanas
2825:
1715:
1670:
805:
698:
563:
444:
424:
384:
248:
4118:
Sundermann, Werner; Hintze, Almut; Blois, François de (2009).
8293:
7004:
6839:
6821:
5446:
5338:
5265:
5215:
5064:
4710:
4307:. Government of India central publication branch. p. 16.
983:
837:
774:
555:
512:
500:
301:
297:
293:
67:
4493:
Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017b). "East Iran in Late Antiquity".
4327:. University of California, Los Angeles. 2007. p. 478:
7418:
7259:
6692:
6416:
6282:
6271:
6254:
5870:
5632:
4680:
3486:
660:
610:
305:
58:
Map of the domains governed by the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom
8578:
394:
seem to have led a rebellion against contemporary emperor
4417:. UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies. pp. 1–236.
439:. They probably maintained control until the rise of the
4335:
3988:
519:
have been discovered, indicating a strong influence of
27:
Branch of Sasanian Persians ruling Bactria (c. 230–365)
4495:
ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity
4395:
Coins, Art and Chronology Ii, Edited by M. Alram et al
3949:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3, E. Yarshater
4218:"An Iranian Silver Vessel from the Tomb of Feng Hetu"
4117:
8245:
4361:(2018). Rienjang, Wannaporn; Stewart, Peter (eds.).
4188:
4186:
4162:
412:). Hormizd I Kushanshah issued coins with the title
8185:, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
4583:Wiesehöfer, Joseph (1986). "Ardašīr I i. History".
4444:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press: 4–41.
554:) in 240 or 241 and converted a Buddhist king, the
408:, and Ormis was supported by the people of Saccis (
6081:
4124:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 284, note 14.
3963:
4408:
4183:
4166:Peerless Images: Persian Painting and Its Sources
323:(276–293 CE) of the Sasanian Empire, but failed.
8825:
4261:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 152–153.
851:
828:The example of Sassanid art was influential on
4497:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–256.
4409:Daryaee, Touraj; Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017a).
733:Possible Kushano-Sasanian plate, excavated in
347:The Sassanids, shortly after victory over the
315:(277–286 CE), who issued coins with the title
8497:
8231:
7191:
6067:
4621:
3899:
1858:
7205:
4391:"The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf"
4067:
4065:
8166:
6374:Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon
4635:
4053:
4051:
8504:
8490:
8238:
8224:
7198:
7184:
6074:
6060:
4628:
4614:
4582:
4492:
4341:
3994:
3906:
3892:
1865:
1851:
5939:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
4568:
4526:
4319:"South Asia Bulletin: Volume 27, Issue 2"
4062:
3961:
8180:
4300:
4048:
790:
697:The Indo-Sassanids traded goods such as
482:Coin of the last Kushano-Sasanian ruler
477:
330:
7152:
6194:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
5786:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
4676:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
4586:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 4
4397:. Coins, Art and Chronology II: 91–146.
4258:China: Dawn of a Golden Age, 200-750 AD
3965:"From the Kushans to the Western Turks"
692:
473:
375:) to the rule of Sassanid nobles named
308:, attesting the extent of their realm.
14:
8826:
8189:
7755:Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism
7090:
7043:
6978:
6918:Kungas Brahmi Buddhatala Varhran (II)
6210:
6172:
6138:
6041:Siberian Collection of Peter the Great
4547:
4215:
812:, with Bactrian inscription. Found in
786:
8485:
8219:
8157:
7952:
7769:
7698:
7671:
7622:
7617:
7179:
7141:
7118:
7076:
6959:
6928:
6896:
6880:
6852:
6702:
6690:
6662:
6498:
6468:
6461:
6421:
6414:
6310:
6280:
6269:
6252:
6220:
6192:
6190:
6055:
4609:
4431:
4388:
4357:
4169:. Yale University Press. p. 13.
4037:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
495:Bahram with characteristic headdress.
7088:Ishbara Yabgu Wu-shih-po Pantu Nili
4471:
4389:Cribb, Joe (2010). Alram, M. (ed.).
4254:
4078:, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010
4033:
4031:
4029:
4017:
4015:
5996:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
4478:. London: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
3976:
335:Portrait of Kushano-Sasanian ruler
24:
8473:* indicates short living provinces
6711:
6369:
6311:
6142:Chronology of the Neolithic period
5991:Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription
4992:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
4572:(2016). "Kushanshahs i. History".
4209:
4192:
4000:
3932:
239:) was a polity established by the
25:
8860:
6716:Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.
5402:Desert castles of ancient Khorezm
4594:
4026:
4012:
8808:
8807:
8577:
8513:
8461:
8065:References and sources for table
7153:
6299:
6197:
4554:. Orient Longmans. p. 246.
4463:
4400:
4380:
4044:. CUP Archive. pp. 790–791.
1887:
1832:
1822:
1821:
926:
856:The following Kushanshahs were:
762:
750:
726:
710:
680:
668:
641:
618:
598:
213:
188:
174:
52:
8665:Military of the Sasanian Empire
8138:
8129:
8120:
8111:
8102:
8093:
8084:
8075:
7159:Rulers of the Ancient Near-East
6001:Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka
5271:Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
4527:Rypka, Jan; Jahn, Karl (1968).
4311:
4293:
4275:
4248:
4156:
4138:
4110:
4092:
4081:
351:, extended their dominion into
8839:Ancient history of Afghanistan
7136:Muslim conquest of Transoxiana
6036:Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)
5981:Aramaic Inscription of Laghman
4601:Coins of the Kushano-Sassanids
4222:Bulletin of the Asia Institute
3955:
2141:Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
427:only start with the reigns of
13:
1:
4987:Silk Road transmission of art
4530:History of Iranian literature
3925:
3071:
2810:
2783:
2682:
2661:
2584:
2523:
2452:
2435:
2418:
2401:
2384:
2363:
2278:
2261:
2015:
842:a plate depicting a boar hunt
542:. He is said to have visited
8194:, Cambridge University Press
8162:, Cambridge University Press
7892:Decline of Buddhism in India
7329:Northern Black Polished Ware
5986:Kandahar Aramaic inscription
4413:. In Daryaee, Touraj (ed.).
4216:HARPER, PRUDENCE O. (1990).
4100:"Metropolitan Museum of Art"
3962:Rezakhani, Khodadad (2021).
2226:Northern Black Polished Ware
852:Main Kushano-Sassanid rulers
844:found in the 504 CE tomb of
390:The Kushano-Sasanians under
363:during the reign of his son
7:
8834:Ancient history of Pakistan
8160:An Introduction to Hinduism
3822:Influence on Southeast Asia
1798:Hindu and Buddhist heritage
1608:Transitional Administration
1178:Principality of Chaghaniyan
897:
10:
8865:
8311:Garamig ud Nodardashiragan
8183:Hinduism. Past and present
8053:Chera Perumals of Makkotai
8011:Chera Perumals of Makkotai
7403:Rise of Shramana movements
6946:Lakhana Udayaditya Aduman
6203:
6152:(Eastern migration of the
6151:
4548:Sastri, Nilakanta (1957).
4351:
4255:Watt, James C. Y. (2004).
4076:Religions of the Silk Road
4038:Ghosh, Amalananda (1965).
2204:Black and Red ware culture
1654:Related historical regions
719:Metropolitan Museum of Art
687:A gold Indo-Sassanid coin.
569:
326:
264:following a series of wars
8805:
8761:
8720:
8712:Muslim conquest of Persia
8692:Hephthalite–Sasanian Wars
8657:
8586:
8575:
8544:
8526:
8470:
8459:
8254:
8190:Samuel, Geoffrey (2010),
8062:
7959:
7938:Pandyan kingdom (revival)
7923:
7902:
7877:
7849:
7809:
7804:
7745:
7631:
7566:
7524:
7503:
7487:
7476:
7469:
7452:
7436:
7422:
7393:
7386:
7332:
7314:
7311:Painted Grey Ware culture
7296:
7288:
7272:
7248:
7245:
7240:
7227:
7222:
7213:
7132:
7122:Muslim conquest of Persia
7073:
7040:
6975:
6956:
6925:
6893:
6699:
6659:
6638:
6635:
6628:
6433:
6362:
6307:
6227:
6174:
6148:
6136:
6124:
6119:
6090:
5901:
5869:
5666:
5573:
5515:
5487:Siypantosh Rock Paintings
5352:
5284:
5171:
5153:
5050:
5012:
5005:
4969:
4643:
4472:Rapp, Stephen H. (2014).
4438:Journal of Late Antiquity
2215:Painted Grey Ware culture
2087:Indus Valley Civilisation
954:Indus Valley civilisation
153:
149:
139:
129:
125:
115:
105:
87:
73:
63:
51:
46:
34:
8784:Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom
8158:Flood, Gavin D. (1996),
7747:"Golden Age of Hinduism"
7712:Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom
7628:Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty
7389:Persian-Greek influences
7207:Middle kingdoms of India
5934:Mogao Christian painting
5507:Zarautsoy Rock Paintings
5221:Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen
5211:Merke Turkic Sanctuaries
4570:Vaissière, Étienne de La
4301:Herzfeld, Ernst (1930).
3970:King of the Seven Climes
2866:Gurjara-Pratihara Empire
2846:Eastern Chalukya Kingdom
2447:Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire
1473:Principality of Qandahar
233:Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom
36:Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom
8779:Roman–Iranian relations
8305:Eran-Khwarrah-Yazdegerd
8181:Michaels, Axel (2004),
7879:Late-Classical Hinduism
7145:Second Turkic Khaganate
6031:Saksanokhur gold buckle
5919:Hephthalite silver bowl
5796:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa
4836:Second Turkic Khaganate
4637:History of Central Asia
4432:Payne, Richard (2016).
4195:"Encyclopaedia Iranica"
2966:Western Chalukya Empire
2109:Mature Harappan culture
605:Kushano-Sasanian ruler
387:just beyond the Indus.
8707:Revolts and civil wars
7265:Middle Gangetic Plain
6982:First Turkic Khaganate
6717:
6437:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
6375:
6316:
6126:Trans-Jaxartes steppes
6011:Stamp seal (BM 119999)
5771:Alexandria Prophthasia
4796:First Turkic Khaganate
4731:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
4304:Kushano-Sasanian Coins
4146:"Plate British Museum"
4116:For the precise date:
3872:Science and technology
2256:Three Crowned Kingdoms
2098:Early Harappan culture
1913:(2,500,000–250,000 BC)
1839:Afghanistan portal
1776:List of heads of state
1034:Greco-Bactrian kingdom
825:
800:: Kushano-Sasanian or
530:(210–276), founder of
508:
486:(circa 350-365 CE) in
344:
141:• Disestablished
8702:Aksumite–Persian wars
7794:Western Ganga Dynasty
7661: 1st century BCE
7649:Early Pandyan kingdom
7614: 2nd century BCE
7574:(ca. 200 BC - 300 CE)
7568:Preclassical Hinduism
7549:Early Pandyan kingdom
7521: 3rd century BCE
7466: 4th century BCE
7433: 5th century BCE
7343: 6th century BCE
7268:Lower Gangetic Plain
7256:Upper Gangetic Plain
6715:
6373:
6315:
5821:Gawhar Shad Mausoleum
5196:Karsakpay inscription
4651:Mal'ta–Buret' culture
4575:Encyclopaedia Iranica
4520:registration required
4450:10.1353/jla.2016.0011
4411:"The Sasanian Empire"
4283:"Seal British Museum"
3775:Specialised histories
3046:Kalachuris of Kalyani
3036:Kalachuris of Tripuri
2718:Western Ganga Kingdom
2646:Indo-Sassanid Kingdom
2596:Western Satrap Empire
2579:Indo-Parthian Kingdom
2569:Indo-Scythian Kingdom
2120:Late Harappan culture
1881:History of South Asia
1084:Indo-Parthian kingdom
1064:Indo-Scythian kingdom
879:Hormizd II Kushanshah
861:Ardashir I Kushanshah
794:
626:Ardashir I Kushanshah
607:Ardashir I Kushanshah
593:or Shiva with Nandi.
481:
334:
74:Common languages
8697:Göktürk–Persian wars
8144:Michaels (2004) p.41
8135:Michaels (2004) p.40
8117:Michaels (2004) p.39
8099:Michaels (2004) p.39
8036:Kamboja-Pala dynasty
7668: 1st century CE
6084:Ancient Central Asia
5628:Kutlug Timur Minaret
5163:Noin-Ula burial site
4961:Chinese Central Asia
4513:10.3366/j.ctt1g04zr8
4022:Encyclopedia Iranica
3293:Ahmadnagar Sultanate
3095:Late medieval period
3006:Eastern Ganga Empire
2738:Vishnukundina Empire
873:Hormizd I Kushanshah
693:Kushano-Sasanian art
649:Hormizd I Kushanshah
609:, circa 230-250 CE.
474:Religious influences
437:Ammianus Marcellinus
392:Hormizd I Kushanshah
355:during the reign of
337:Hormizd I Kushanshah
313:Hormizd I Kushanshah
7995:Rashtrakuta dynasty
7447:Shaishunaga dynasty
7397:Second Urbanisation
7242:Indo-Gangetic Plain
6825:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
6021:Siberian Ice Maiden
5811:Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan
5226:Petrovka settlement
4956:Soviet Central Asia
4881:Great Seljuq Empire
4589:. pp. 371–376.
4324:South Asia Bulletin
3375:Early modern period
3222:Vijayanagara Empire
3202:Chitradurga Kingdom
2896:Bhauma-Kara Kingdom
2308:Shaishunaga dynasty
1543:Democratic Republic
891:Varahran Kushanshah
885:Peroz II Kushanshah
804:prince worshipping
787:Artistic influences
675:Indo-Sassanid coin.
636:, circa 230-245 CE.
339:(c. 277-286 CE) in
259:from the declining
131:• Established
47:c. 230 CE–c. 365 CE
8682:Roman–Persian Wars
8564:Seven Great Houses
8126:Hiltebeitel (2002)
8108:Hiltebeitel (2002)
7806:Hephthalite Empire
7642:(300 BCE – 200 CE)
7633:Satavahana dynasty
7619:Indo-Greek Kingdom
7542:(300 BCE – 200 CE)
7533:Satavahana dynasty
7506:Spread of Buddhism
7228:Northwestern India
7068:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
6718:
6376:
6365:Hellenistic Period
6317:
6176:Afanasievo culture
5971:Buddhas of Bamiyan
5924:Chilek silver bowl
5791:Buddhas of Bamiyan
5467:Obi-Rakhmat Grotto
5256:Talapty Settlement
5042:Filippovka kurgans
4931:Khanate of Bukhara
4891:Khwarazmian Empire
4816:Ikhshids of Sogdia
4661:Afanasievo culture
4287:The British Museum
4150:The British Museum
3852:Partition of India
3717:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
3665:Regional histories
3610:National histories
3497:Travancore Kingdom
3467:Thondaiman Kingdom
3337:Golkonda Sultanate
2946:Somavamshi Kingdom
2916:Rashtrakuta Empire
2856:Rashidun Caliphate
2778:Kabul Shahi Empire
2626:Nagas of Padmavati
2549:Indo-Greek Kingdom
2489:(230 BC – AD 1206)
2182:Vedic Civilisation
2130:Vedic Civilisation
2027:Ahar-Banas culture
1746:Political violence
1553:Tanai coup attempt
1188:Rashidun Caliphate
1133:Hephthalite Empire
1054:Indo-Greek kingdom
867:Peroz I Kushanshah
826:
820:. 4th century CE.
814:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
797:Vishnu Nicolo Seal
509:
443:under their ruler
345:
8819:
8818:
8658:Military and wars
8479:
8478:
8246:Provinces of the
8213:
8212:
8208:
8207:
8204:
8203:
8045:Eastern Chalukyas
8041:Kalyani Chalukyas
7999:Eastern Chalukyas
7988:Gurjara-Pratihara
7981: 9th century
7966:Eastern Chalukyas
7949: 8th century
7934:Eastern Chalukyas
7920:Mlechchha dynasty
7899: 7th century
7881:(ca. CE 650-1100)
7828: 6th century
7801: 5th century
7761: 4th century
7707: 3rd century
7695: 2nd century
7605:Mahayana Buddhism
7572:"Hindu Synthesis"
7439:Persian conquests
7324:Shramanic culture
7260:Ganga-Yamuna doab
7173:
7172:
7168:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7095:Irbis Bolun Cabgu
6856:Kushano-Sasanians
6321:Achaemenid Empire
6212:Andronovo Culture
6049:
6048:
6026:Ai-Khanoum plaque
5897:
5896:
5701:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi
4977:Central Asian art
4951:Russian Turkestan
4946:Chinese Turkestan
4846:Abbasid Caliphate
4810:Anxi Protectorate
4756:Kushano-Sasanians
4721:Macedonian Empire
4716:Achaemenid Empire
4686:Andronovo culture
4666:Sintashta culture
4504:978-1-4744-0030-5
4485:978-1-4724-2552-2
4424:978-0-692-86440-1
4374:978-1-78491-855-2
4268:978-1-58839-126-1
4199:iranicaonline.org
4176:978-0-300-09038-3
4131:978-3-447-05937-4
4104:www.metmuseum.org
3916:
3915:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3515:
3514:
3417:Thanjavur Kingdom
3365:
3364:
3326:Bijapur Sultanate
3282:Deccan sultanates
3160:Tughlaq Sultanate
3107:Ghaznavid Dynasty
3085:
3084:
2956:Chaulukya Kingdom
2886:Mallabhum kingdom
2876:Umayyad Caliphate
2616:Bharshiva Dynasty
2512:(200 BC – AD 300)
2502:(230 BC – AD 220)
2498:Satavahana Empire
2476:
2475:
2472:(247 BC – AD 224)
2328:Macedonian Empire
2302:(450 BC – AD 489)
2290:Achaemenid Empire
2160:
2159:
2065:
2064:
1988:
1987:
1938:
1937:
1922:Madrasian culture
1875:
1874:
1766:Afghan (ethnonym)
1741:Political history
1645:
1644:
1493:Saqqawist Emirate
1443:Sadozai Sultanate
1396:
1395:
1182:7th–8th centuries
1151:
1150:
1004:Macedonian Empire
994:Achaemenid Empire
964:Oxus civilization
484:Bahram Kushanshah
401:Panegyrici Latini
317:Kushan-shahanshah
276:Bactrian language
229:
228:
225:
224:
221:
220:
201:
200:
18:Kushano-Sasanians
16:(Redirected from
8856:
8811:
8810:
8743:Banu al-Munajjim
8581:
8531:List of monarchs
8518:
8517:
8506:
8499:
8492:
8483:
8482:
8474:
8465:
8240:
8233:
8226:
8217:
8216:
8195:
8186:
8177:
8168:Hiltebeitel, Alf
8163:
8145:
8142:
8136:
8133:
8127:
8124:
8118:
8115:
8109:
8106:
8100:
8097:
8091:
8088:
8082:
8079:
7930:Badami Chalukyas
7925:Adivasi (tribes)
7915:Empire of Harsha
7911:Vakataka dynasty
7864:Kalabhra dynasty
7860:Badami Chalukyas
7851:Adivasi (tribes)
7820:Kalabhra dynasty
7786:Kalabhra dynasty
7782:Andhra Ikshvakus
7749:(ca. CE 320-650)
7733:Adivasi (tribes)
7601:Smarta Tradition
7454:Adivasi (tribes)
7369:Adivasi (tribes)
7225:cultural period
7220:
7219:
7216:
7215:
7200:
7193:
7186:
7177:
7176:
7157:
6971:Kun-khi Ghadfar
6801:Bahram VI Chobin
6672:Kujula Kadphises
6303:
6201:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6053:
6052:
6016:Seal of Khingila
5944:Penjikent murals
5565:Kalai Kafirnigan
5452:Koi Krylgan Kala
5261:Turkistan (city)
5246:Steppe Geoglyphs
5010:
5009:
4941:Khanate of Khiva
4901:Chagatai Khanate
4856:Saffarid dynasty
4841:Uyghur Khaganate
4630:
4623:
4616:
4607:
4606:
4590:
4579:
4565:
4544:
4523:
4516:
4489:
4468:
4467:
4461:
4428:
4405:
4404:
4398:
4385:
4384:
4378:
4345:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4190:
4181:
4180:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4096:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4069:
4060:
4055:
4046:
4045:
4035:
4024:
4019:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3967:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3857:Pakistan studies
3697:Himachal Pradesh
3537:Portuguese India
3533:
3532:
3529:
3487:Sikh Confederacy
3383:
3382:
3379:
3232:Bengal Sultanate
3171:Sayyid Sultanate
3149:Khalji Sultanate
3138:Mamluk Sultanate
3103:
3102:
3099:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3016:Kakatiya Kingdom
2926:Paramara Kingdom
2819:
2815:
2812:
2788:
2785:
2728:Kamarupa Kingdom
2691:
2687:
2684:
2677:Kalabhras Empire
2670:
2666:
2663:
2589:
2586:
2573:(50 BC – AD 400)
2553:(180 BC – AD 10)
2532:
2528:
2525:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2440:
2437:
2423:
2420:
2406:
2403:
2389:
2386:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2283:
2280:
2266:
2263:
2246:Haryanka dynasty
2236:Pradyota dynasty
2178:
2177:
2174:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2020:
2017:
2010:Anarta tradition
2006:
2005:
2002:
1970:Mehrgarh culture
1960:Bhirrana culture
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:(10,800–3300 BC)
1918:
1917:
1914:
1904:
1903:
1891:
1877:
1876:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1825:
1824:
1808:Muslim conquests
1793:Hinduism history
1756:Economic history
1640:
1618:Islamic Republic
1409:
1408:
1338:Chagatai Khanate
1164:
1163:
1104:Kidarite kingdom
974:Gandhara kingdom
950:
949:
930:
920:
902:
901:
766:
754:
730:
714:
684:
672:
651:with mention of
645:
622:
602:
511:Coins depicting
507:in Kushan style.
431:(r.309-379) and
414:Kushanshahanshah
217:
216:
205:
204:
192:
191:
178:
177:
171:
170:
155:
154:
56:
32:
31:
21:
8864:
8863:
8859:
8858:
8857:
8855:
8854:
8853:
8844:Sasanian Empire
8824:
8823:
8820:
8815:
8801:
8757:
8716:
8653:
8582:
8573:
8540:
8522:
8520:Sasanian Empire
8512:
8510:
8480:
8475:
8472:
8466:
8457:
8403:Nodardashiragan
8250:
8248:Sasanian Empire
8244:
8214:
8209:
8200:
8199:
8198:
8148:
8143:
8139:
8134:
8130:
8125:
8121:
8116:
8112:
8107:
8103:
8098:
8094:
8089:
8085:
8080:
8076:
8066:
8055:
8051:
8049:Medieval Cholas
8047:
8043:
8034:
8009:
8007:Medieval Cholas
8005:
8003:Pandyan kingdom
8001:
7997:
7972:
7970:Pandyan kingdom
7968:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7913:
7890:
7884:Advaita Vedanta
7882:
7866:
7862:
7858:
7835:
7822:
7818:
7792:
7790:Kadamba Dynasty
7788:
7784:
7775:
7754:
7750:
7722:Western Satraps
7684:Kuninda Kingdom
7676:
7655:
7651:
7647:
7643:
7641:
7635:
7626:
7603:
7575:
7555:
7551:
7547:
7543:
7541:
7535:
7472:Greek conquests
7405:
7401:
7327:
7321:
7309:
7303:
7257:
7229:
7224:
7209:
7204:
7174:
7169:
7147:
7138:
7124:
7084:
7082:
7080:Tokhara Yabghus
7057:
7052:(vassal of the
7051:
7049:
6986:
6984:
6967:
6965:
6936:
6934:
6904:
6902:
6888:
6886:
6860:
6858:
6831:Farrukh Hormizd
6710:
6708:
6706:Sasanian Empire
6670:
6668:
6646:
6644:
6526:Mithridates III
6506:
6504:
6502:Parthian Empire
6490:
6484:
6483:
6476:
6474:
6441:
6439:
6399:Seleucid Empire
6395:
6368:
6366:
6325:
6323:
6298:
6295:Pazyryk Culture
6292:
6286:
6275:
6264:
6258:
6235:
6233:
6196:
6181:Proto-Tocharian
6178:
6164:,as far as the
6162:Eurasian Steppe
6154:Yamnaya culture
6131:Altai Mountains
6101:
6086:
6080:
6050:
6045:
6006:Afrasiab murals
5949:Sampul tapestry
5893:
5889:Shahr-e Sukhteh
5879:Bandian complex
5865:
5841:Musalla Complex
5721:Tapa-i Kafariha
5662:
5583:Cave of Dzhebel
5569:
5511:
5348:
5280:
5276:Araltobe kurgan
5167:
5149:
5075:Kizilgaha caves
5046:
5032:Pazyryk burials
5014:Southern Russia
5001:
4965:
4851:Tahirid dynasty
4821:Tokhara Yabghus
4726:Seleucid Empire
4701:Pazyryk culture
4656:Yamnaya culture
4639:
4634:
4597:
4562:
4541:
4517:
4505:
4486:
4462:
4425:
4399:
4379:
4375:
4354:
4349:
4348:
4342:Rezakhani 2017b
4340:
4336:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4298:
4294:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4269:
4253:
4249:
4214:
4210:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4161:
4157:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4132:
4115:
4111:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4086:
4082:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4036:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4005:
4001:
3995:Rezakhani 2017b
3993:
3989:
3981:
3977:
3960:
3956:
3948:
3933:
3928:
3912:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3776:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3666:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3611:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3530:
3527:
3525:Colonial states
3517:
3516:
3407:Madurai Kingdom
3380:
3377:
3367:
3366:
3315:Bidar Sultanate
3304:Berar sultanate
3272:Ladakh Kingdom
3262:Gajapati Empire
3242:Garhwal Kingdom
3127:Delhi Sultanate
3100:
3097:
3087:
3086:
3078:
3074:
3056:Chutiya Kingdom
3026:Zamorin Kingdom
2817:
2813:
2805:Maukhari Empire
2795:Chalukya Empire
2786:
2748:Maitraka Empire
2689:
2685:
2668:
2664:
2656:Vakataka Empire
2636:Sasanian Empire
2587:
2530:
2526:
2508:Kuninda Kingdom
2491:
2488:
2486:Middle Kingdoms
2478:
2477:
2468:Parthian Empire
2459:
2455:
2438:
2421:
2404:
2387:
2370:
2366:
2281:
2264:
2175:
2172:
2162:
2161:
2080:
2077:
2067:
2066:
2018:
2003:
2000:
1990:
1989:
1980:Edakkal culture
1953:
1950:
1940:
1939:
1931:Soanian culture
1915:
1912:
1901:
1871:
1833:
1831:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1633:Islamic Emirate
1573:Islamic Emirate
1533:Saur Revolution
1406:
1398:
1397:
1328:Mongol Invasion
1302:before 879–1215
1161:
1153:
1152:
1094:Sasanian Empire
1078:135 BC – 248 AD
1044:Parthian Empire
1014:Seleucid Empire
947:
918:
911:
900:
854:
789:
782:
767:
758:
755:
746:
731:
722:
715:
695:
688:
685:
676:
673:
664:
646:
637:
628:in the name of
623:
614:
603:
572:
558:Shah of India.
496:
491:
476:
329:
311:A rebellion of
272:or Koshano Shao
241:Sasanian Empire
214:
189:
175:
142:
132:
110:Feudal monarchy
98:
94:
80:
59:
42:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8862:
8852:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8817:
8816:
8806:
8803:
8802:
8800:
8799:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8771:
8765:
8763:
8759:
8758:
8756:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8724:
8722:
8718:
8717:
8715:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8678:
8677:
8672:
8661:
8659:
8655:
8654:
8652:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8590:
8588:
8584:
8583:
8576:
8574:
8572:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8560:
8559:
8552:House of Sasan
8548:
8546:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8538:
8533:
8527:
8524:
8523:
8509:
8508:
8501:
8494:
8486:
8477:
8476:
8471:
8468:
8467:
8460:
8458:
8456:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8413:Padishkhwargar
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8302:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8255:
8252:
8251:
8243:
8242:
8235:
8228:
8220:
8211:
8210:
8206:
8205:
8202:
8201:
8197:
8196:
8187:
8178:
8164:
8154:
8147:
8146:
8137:
8128:
8119:
8110:
8101:
8092:
8083:
8073:
8067:
8064:
8063:
8060:
8059:
8038:
8029:
8027:
8025:
8020:
8014:
8013:
7992:
7990:
7985:
7983:
7977:
7976:
7963:
7958:
7956:
7951:
7945:
7944:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7908:
7906:
7904:Indo-Sassanids
7901:
7895:
7894:
7876:
7868:
7867:
7853:
7848:
7846:
7841:
7839:
7830:
7824:
7823:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7797:
7796:
7779:
7777:Varman dynasty
7768:
7763:
7757:
7756:
7744:
7736:
7735:
7730:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7703:
7702:
7697:
7691:
7690:
7688:
7686:
7681:
7678:Indo-Parthians
7674:Indo-Scythians
7670:
7664:
7663:
7657:
7656:
7630:
7621:
7616:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7565:
7557:
7556:
7530:
7523:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7509:
7502:
7494:
7493:
7490:HISTORICAL AGE
7485:
7484:
7482:
7475:
7468:
7462:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7449:
7444:
7442:
7435:
7429:
7428:
7421:
7392:
7385:
7377:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7364:
7359:
7350:
7345:
7339:
7338:
7331:
7313:
7295:
7287:
7279:
7278:
7270:
7269:
7266:
7263:
7253:
7252:
7250:Southern India
7247:
7246:Central India
7244:
7239:
7226:
7214:
7211:
7210:
7203:
7202:
7195:
7188:
7180:
7171:
7170:
7166:
7165:
7162:
7161:
7150:
7149:
7143:
7140:
7134:
7131:
7127:
7126:
7120:
7117:
7113:
7112:
7089:
7078:
7075:
7074:625 CE–651 CE
7071:
7070:
7062:Heshana Khagan
7045:
7042:
7041:560 CE–625 CE
7038:
7037:
7022:Empress Ashina
7008:Ishbara Qaghan
6980:
6977:
6976:560 CE–651 CE
6973:
6972:
6961:
6958:
6957:440 CE–560 CE
6954:
6953:
6930:
6927:
6926:370 CE–540 CE
6923:
6922:
6898:
6895:
6894:320 CE–467 CE
6891:
6890:
6882:
6879:
6854:
6851:
6704:
6701:
6697:
6696:
6689:
6678:Vima Kadphises
6664:
6661:
6657:
6656:
6640:
6637:
6636:141 BCE–30 CE
6633:
6632:
6627:
6604:Parthamaspates
6538:Mithridates IV
6520:Mithridates II
6500:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6486:
6470:
6467:
6460:
6435:
6432:
6428:
6427:
6420:
6413:
6379:Argead dynasty
6364:
6361:
6357:
6356:
6348:Artaxerxes III
6319:
6309:
6305:
6304:
6289:Arzhan culture
6279:
6268:
6251:
6229:
6226:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6215:
6214:
6209:
6208:2000–1900 BCE
6205:
6204:
6202:
6191:
6189:
6188:2400–2000 BCE
6185:
6184:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6150:
6149:3500–2500 BCE
6146:
6145:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6079:
6078:
6071:
6064:
6056:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5966:Bimaran Casket
5963:
5958:
5955:Sogdian Daēnās
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5929:Gardez Ganesha
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5905:
5903:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5875:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5751:Takht-e Rostam
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5686:Dilberjin Tepe
5683:
5678:
5672:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5579:
5577:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5560:Takht-i Sangin
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5521:
5519:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5412:Guldursun-Kala
5409:
5404:
5399:
5397:Dalverzin Tepe
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5367:Akchakhan-Kala
5364:
5358:
5356:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5177:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5159:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5125:Dunhuang Caves
5122:
5120:Bezeklik Caves
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5085:Subashi Temple
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5056:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5007:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4936:Durrani Empire
4933:
4928:
4926:Timurid Empire
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4671:Vakhsh culture
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4633:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4596:
4595:External links
4593:
4592:
4591:
4580:
4566:
4560:
4545:
4539:
4524:
4503:
4490:
4484:
4469:
4429:
4423:
4406:
4386:
4373:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4334:
4310:
4292:
4274:
4267:
4247:
4208:
4182:
4175:
4155:
4137:
4130:
4109:
4091:
4080:
4061:
4047:
4025:
4011:
3999:
3987:
3975:
3954:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3531:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3477:Maratha Empire
3473:
3472:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3457:Sikkim Kingdom
3453:
3452:
3449:
3447:Marava Kingdom
3443:
3442:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3381:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3347:Keladi Kingdom
3343:
3342:
3339:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3252:Mysore Kingdom
3248:
3247:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3182:Lodi Sultanate
3177:
3176:
3173:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3117:Ghurid Dynasty
3113:
3112:
3109:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2986:Hoysala Empire
2982:
2981:
2978:
2976:Lohara Kingdom
2972:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2836:Tibetan Empire
2832:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2708:Kadamba Empire
2704:
2703:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2432:
2430:Pallava Empire
2426:
2425:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2348:Seleucid India
2344:
2343:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2275:
2273:Maha Janapadas
2269:
2268:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2210:
2209:
2208:(1300–1000 BC)
2206:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2147:
2146:
2145:(2000–1600 BC)
2143:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2124:(1900–1300 BC)
2122:
2115:
2114:
2113:(2600–1900 BC)
2111:
2104:
2103:
2102:(3300–2600 BC)
2100:
2093:
2092:
2091:(3300–1300 BC)
2089:
2081:
2078:(3300–1300 BC)
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2051:(1600–1300 BC)
2049:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2031:(3000–1500 BC)
2029:
2023:
2022:
2012:
2004:
2001:(3500–1500 BC)
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1984:(5000–3000 BC)
1982:
1976:
1975:
1974:(7000–3300 BC)
1972:
1966:
1965:
1964:(7570–6200 BC)
1962:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1829:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1803:Jewish history
1800:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:Related topics
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1463:Durrani Empire
1459:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1208:Tibetan Empire
1204:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1088:20 BC – 50? AD
1086:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1000:
999:
996:
990:
989:
986:
980:
979:
976:
970:
969:
966:
960:
959:
956:
948:
943:
942:
939:
938:
932:
931:
923:
922:
913:
912:
905:
899:
896:
895:
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
853:
850:
822:British Museum
788:
785:
784:
783:
768:
761:
759:
756:
749:
747:
743:British Museum
741:, 350-400 CE.
732:
725:
723:
716:
709:
694:
691:
690:
689:
686:
679:
677:
674:
667:
665:
647:
640:
638:
624:
617:
615:
604:
597:
571:
568:
475:
472:
328:
325:
237:Indo-Sasanians
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
211:
202:
199:
198:
193:
185:
184:
179:
167:
166:
161:
151:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
120:Late Antiquity
117:
116:Historical era
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
96:Zoroastrianism
89:
85:
84:
78:Middle Persian
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
57:
49:
48:
44:
43:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8861:
8850:
8849:Kushan Empire
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8831:
8829:
8822:
8814:
8804:
8798:
8797:
8792:
8791:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8766:
8764:
8760:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8723:
8719:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8676:
8675:Defense lines
8673:
8671:
8668:
8667:
8666:
8663:
8662:
8660:
8656:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8591:
8589:
8585:
8580:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8558:
8555:
8554:
8553:
8550:
8549:
8547:
8543:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8528:
8525:
8521:
8516:
8507:
8502:
8500:
8495:
8493:
8488:
8487:
8484:
8469:
8464:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8306:
8303:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8256:
8253:
8249:
8241:
8236:
8234:
8229:
8227:
8222:
8221:
8218:
8193:
8188:
8184:
8179:
8175:
8174:
8169:
8165:
8161:
8156:
8155:
8153:
8152:
8141:
8132:
8123:
8114:
8105:
8096:
8087:
8078:
8074:
8072:
8071:
8061:
8058:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8015:
8012:
8008:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7978:
7975:
7971:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7957:
7955:
7950:
7947:
7946:
7943:
7939:
7935:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7905:
7900:
7897:
7896:
7893:
7889:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7874:
7870:
7869:
7865:
7861:
7857:
7856:Vishnukundina
7854:
7852:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7838:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7821:
7817:
7816:Vishnukundina
7814:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7799:
7798:
7795:
7791:
7787:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7774:
7773:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7742:
7738:
7737:
7734:
7731:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7717:Kushan Empire
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7704:
7701:
7700:Kushan Empire
7696:
7693:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7679:
7675:
7669:
7666:
7665:
7662:
7659:
7658:
7654:
7650:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7638:Sangam period
7634:
7629:
7625:
7624:Shunga Empire
7620:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7602:
7598:
7597:Brahma Sutras
7594:
7593:Bhagavad Gita
7590:
7586:
7582:
7578:
7573:
7569:
7564:
7563:
7559:
7558:
7554:
7550:
7546:
7540:
7539:
7538:Sangam period
7534:
7531:
7529:
7528:
7527:Maurya Empire
7522:
7519:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7507:
7501:
7500:
7496:
7495:
7492:
7491:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7480:
7473:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7427:
7426:
7420:
7416:
7412:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7398:
7391:
7390:
7384:
7383:
7379:
7378:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7319:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7301:
7294:
7293:
7286:
7285:
7281:
7280:
7277:
7276:
7271:
7267:
7264:
7261:
7255:
7254:
7251:
7243:
7237:
7233:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7212:
7208:
7201:
7196:
7194:
7189:
7187:
7182:
7181:
7178:
7160:
7156:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7139:
7137:
7129:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7115:
7114:
7111:
7108:
7105:
7102:
7101:Ishbara Tolis
7099:
7096:
7093:
7087:
7083:
7081:
7072:
7069:
7066:
7063:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7048:
7047:Western Turks
7039:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7012:
7009:
7006:
7003:
7002:Taspar Qaghan
7000:
6997:
6994:
6990:
6985:
6983:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6964:
6955:
6952:
6949:
6945:
6942:
6939:
6935:
6933:
6924:
6921:
6917:
6914:
6911:
6908:
6903:
6901:
6892:
6887:
6885:
6878:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6859:
6857:
6850:
6847:
6844:
6843:Yazdegerd III
6841:
6838:
6835:
6832:
6829:
6826:
6823:
6820:
6817:
6814:
6811:
6808:
6805:
6802:
6799:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6787:
6784:
6781:
6778:
6775:
6772:
6769:
6766:
6763:
6760:
6757:
6754:
6751:
6748:
6745:
6742:
6739:
6736:
6733:
6730:
6727:
6724:
6721:
6714:
6709:
6707:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6688:
6685:
6682:
6679:
6676:
6673:
6669:
6667:
6666:Kushan Empire
6658:
6655:
6652:
6649:
6645:
6643:
6634:
6631:
6626:
6623:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6610:Mithridates V
6608:
6607:Sinatruces II
6605:
6602:
6601:Vologases III
6599:
6596:
6595:Artabanus III
6593:
6590:
6587:
6584:
6581:
6578:
6575:
6572:
6569:
6566:
6565:Tiridates III
6563:
6560:
6557:
6554:
6551:
6548:
6545:
6542:
6539:
6536:
6533:
6530:
6527:
6524:
6521:
6518:
6515:
6512:
6509:
6508:Mithridates I
6505:
6503:
6495:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6488:Hunnic tribes
6482:
6479:
6475:
6473:
6466:
6465:
6459:
6456:
6455:Euthydemus II
6453:
6450:
6447:
6444:
6440:
6438:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6419:
6418:
6412:
6411:
6408:
6405:
6401:
6400:
6394:
6391:
6388:
6385:
6381:
6380:
6372:
6367:
6359:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6351:Artaxerxes IV
6349:
6346:
6345:Artaxerxes II
6343:
6340:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6328:
6324:
6322:
6314:
6306:
6302:
6296:
6290:
6285:
6284:
6278:
6274:
6273:
6267:
6263:
6262:
6257:
6256:
6250:
6247:
6244:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6232:
6231:Median Empire
6224:
6223:
6218:2000–900 BCE
6217:
6216:
6213:
6207:
6206:
6200:
6195:
6187:
6186:
6182:
6177:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6158:Pontic steppe
6155:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6140:Preceded by:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6099:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6085:
6077:
6072:
6070:
6065:
6063:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5961:Oxus Treasure
5959:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5914:Orlat plaques
5912:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5868:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5806:Dasht-e Nawar
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5638:Monjukli Depe
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5623:Konye-Urgench
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5555:Takht-i Kuwad
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5351:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5314:Koshoy Korgon
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5080:Kumtura Caves
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5052:Western China
5049:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5037:Salbyk kurgan
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5027:Arzhan kurgan
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4997:Serindian art
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4896:Mongol Empire
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4886:Ghurid Empire
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4801:Western Turks
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4751:Kushan Empire
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4736:Guiyi Circuit
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4711:Median Empire
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4691:Tagar culture
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4631:
4626:
4624:
4619:
4617:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4588:
4587:
4581:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4561:9788170070030
4557:
4553:
4552:
4546:
4542:
4540:9789401034791
4536:
4533:. D. Reidel.
4532:
4531:
4525:
4521:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4500:
4496:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4470:
4466:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4396:
4392:
4387:
4383:
4376:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4344:, p. 78.
4343:
4338:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4314:
4306:
4305:
4296:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4270:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4251:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4200:
4196:
4193:Carter, M.L.
4189:
4187:
4178:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4133:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4113:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4089:
4084:
4077:
4073:
4072:Richard Foltz
4068:
4066:
4059:
4054:
4052:
4043:
4042:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4023:
4018:
4016:
4009:
4003:
3997:, p. 83.
3996:
3991:
3985:
3979:
3971:
3966:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3931:
3921:
3920:Indo-Parthian
3918:
3917:
3909:
3904:
3902:
3897:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3771:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3732:Uttar Pradesh
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3662:
3661:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3607:
3606:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3387:Mughal Empire
3385:
3384:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3213:
3212:Reddy Kingdom
3210:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2936:Yadava Empire
2934:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2826:Harsha Empire
2824:
2823:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2607:
2606:Kushan Empire
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2539:Shunga Empire
2537:
2536:
2521:
2519:
2518:Mitra Dynasty
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2460: AD 500
2456: 250 BC
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2439: 250 AD
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2422: 300 BC
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2405: 300 BC
2399:
2397:
2396:Chera Kingdom
2394:
2393:
2388: 300 BC
2382:
2380:
2379:Pandya Empire
2377:
2376:
2371: 300 AD
2367: 300 BC
2361:
2359:
2358:Sangam period
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2338:Maurya Empire
2336:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2265: 600 BC
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2219:(1200–600 BC)
2218:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2197:(1500–600 BC)
2196:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2186:(1500–500 BC)
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2173:(1500–200 BC)
2171:
2166:
2165:
2156:(1600–500 BC)
2155:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2134:(2000–500 BC)
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2061:(1400–700 BC)
2060:
2058:
2057:Jorwe culture
2055:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2047:Malwa culture
2045:
2044:
2041:(1600–750 BC)
2040:
2038:
2037:Pandu culture
2035:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:List of years
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Paropamisadae
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1650:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1593:Islamic State
1591:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1563:Islamic State
1561:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1453:Afsharid Iran
1451:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1433:Hotak dynasty
1431:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1074:Kushan Empire
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:247 BC–224 AD
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1024:Maurya Empire
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
995:
992:
991:
987:
985:
984:Median Empire
982:
981:
977:
975:
972:
971:
967:
965:
962:
961:
957:
955:
952:
951:
946:
941:
940:
937:
934:
933:
929:
925:
924:
921:
915:
914:
909:
904:
903:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
858:
857:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:
793:
780:
779:Shanxi Museum
776:
772:
765:
760:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
729:
724:
720:
713:
708:
707:
706:
704:
700:
683:
678:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
644:
639:
635:
631:
627:
621:
616:
612:
608:
601:
596:
595:
594:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
567:
565:
559:
557:
553:
550:area (now in
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
506:
502:
499:
494:
489:
485:
480:
471:
469:
466:and then the
465:
461:
457:
454:and then the
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
402:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
342:
338:
333:
324:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:
261:Kushan Empire
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
212:
210:
207:
206:
203:
197:
194:
187:
186:
183:
182:Kushan Empire
180:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
152:
148:
144:
138:
134:
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
55:
50:
45:
41:
33:
30:
19:
8821:
8794:
8788:
8783:
8629:Inscriptions
8594:Architecture
8191:
8182:
8172:
8159:
8150:
8149:
8140:
8131:
8122:
8113:
8104:
8095:
8086:
8077:
8069:
8068:
8032:Pala dynasty
8018:10th century
8017:
7980:
7948:
7898:
7878:
7872:
7871:
7827:
7800:
7772:Gupta Empire
7770:
7760:
7746:
7740:
7739:
7711:
7706:
7694:
7672:
7667:
7660:
7645:Early Cholas
7636:
7613:
7571:
7567:
7561:
7560:
7545:Early Cholas
7536:
7525:
7520:
7511:
7504:
7498:
7497:
7488:
7479:Nanda empire
7477:
7465:
7432:
7423:
7394:
7387:
7381:
7380:
7342:
7333:
7318:Vedic Period
7315:
7300:Vedic Period
7297:
7292:Vedic Period
7289:
7283:
7282:
7273:
7236:Sapta Sindhu
7223:Timeline and
7142:
7133:
7130:673–751 CE
7119:
7116:651–673 CE
7098:Duolu Qaghan
7086:Tardush Shad
7077:
7054:Tang dynasty
7044:
7030:Yangsu Tegin
7014:Tulan Qaghan
7011:Bagha Qaghan
7005:Ashina Anluo
6999:Muqan Qaghan
6996:Issik Qaghan
6993:Bumin Qaghan
6979:
6963:Hephthalites
6960:
6929:
6897:
6881:
6853:
6813:Ardashir III
6771:Yazdegerd II
6703:
6691:
6663:
6639:
6625:Artabanus IV
6622:Vologases VI
6613:Vologases IV
6592:Vologases II
6568:Artabanus II
6562:Artabanus II
6547:Tiridates II
6535:Phraates III
6499:
6496:160–141 BCE
6485:
6469:
6462:
6458:Antimachus I
6449:Euthydemus I
6434:
6431:256–160 BCE
6422:
6415:
6410:Antiochus II
6397:
6396:
6390:Alexander II
6377:
6363:
6360:331–256 BCE
6339:Artaxerxes I
6318:
6308:539–331 BCE
6281:
6270:
6259:
6253:
6228:
6225:626–539 BCE
6160:through the
6139:
6100:Territories/
5953:
5884:Mount Khajeh
5851:Qala-i-Jangi
5831:Khair Khaneh
5736:Khair Khaneh
5643:Namazga-Tepe
5598:Anau culture
5575:Turkmenistan
5492:Tavka Kurgan
5387:Balalyk Tepe
5304:Burana Tower
5294:Aigyr-Zhal 2
5186:Issyk kurgan
4921:Kart dynasty
4916:Sufi dynasty
4906:Golden Horde
4831:Oghuz Yabgus
4806:Tang dynasty
4771:Hephthalites
4755:
4696:Uyuk culture
4585:
4574:
4550:
4529:
4494:
4474:
4441:
4437:
4414:
4394:
4363:
4337:
4330:Afghanistan.
4328:
4322:
4313:
4303:
4295:
4286:
4277:
4257:
4250:
4225:
4221:
4211:
4202:
4198:
4165:
4158:
4149:
4140:
4120:
4112:
4103:
4094:
4083:
4075:
4040:
4002:
3990:
3978:
3969:
3957:
3797:Demographics
3787:Architecture
3567:French India
3557:Danish India
3437:Bengal Subah
3427:Bhoi dynasty
3357:Koch Kingdom
3192:Ahom Kingdom
3066:Deva Kingdom
2758:Huna Kingdom
2698:Gupta Empire
2645:
2600:(AD 35–405 )
2559:Kanva Empire
2531: 50 BC
2413:Chola Empire
2352:(312–303 BC)
2342:(321–184 BC)
2332:(330–323 BC)
2322:(380–321 BC)
2318:Nanda Empire
2312:(424–345 BC)
2294:(550–330 BC)
2250:(684–424 BC)
2240:(799–684 BC)
2230:(700–200 BC)
2152:Swat culture
1998:Chalcolithic
1910:Palaeolithic
1786:List of wars
1635:(reinstated)
1595:(reinstated)
968:2100–1800 BC
958:2200–1800 BC
855:
834:Northern Wei
827:
795:
696:
588:
573:
560:
548:Indus Valley
526:The prophet
525:
510:
497:
492:
456:Hephthalites
449:
419:Around 325,
418:
413:
399:
389:
346:
316:
310:
291:
287:Hephthalites
280:
271:
270:(KΟÞANΟ ÞAΟ
236:
232:
230:
164:Succeeded by
163:
158:
39:
29:
8738:Baduspanids
8721:Descendants
8687:Arab tribes
8557:Family tree
8357:Kushanshahr
8264:Adurbadagan
8176:, Routledge
8057:Rashtrakuta
7961:Pala Empire
7954:Kabul Shahi
7837:Kabul Shahi
7811:Alchon Huns
7589:Mahabharata
7512:Pre-history
7425:Pre-history
7335:Pre-history
7110:Ashina Helu
7107:Irbis Seguy
7092:Külüg Sibir
7059:Niri Qaghan
6989:Ashina Tuwu
6932:Alchon Huns
6828:Azarmidokht
6819:Khosrow III
6774:Hormizd III
6759:Yazdegerd I
6750:Ardashir II
6744:Adur Narseh
6700:224–350 CE
6660:30 –224 CE
6619:Vologases V
6586:Vardanes II
6583:Vologases I
6574:Gotarzes II
6544:Phraates IV
6514:Hyspaosines
6478:Modu Chanyu
6452:Demetrius I
6446:Diodotus II
6407:Antiochus I
6384:Alexander I
5976:Kabul hoard
5909:Sokh snakes
5861:Surkh Kotal
5826:Haji Piyada
5801:Darra-e Kur
5766:Yemshi Tepe
5761:Tillya Tepe
5756:Tepe Fullol
5746:Tepe Narenj
5741:Tapa Sardar
5731:Fondukistan
5696:Tapa Shotor
5676:Tepe Fullol
5668:Afghanistan
5497:Toprak-Kala
5482:Shahrukhiya
5432:Kampir Tepe
5422:Itchan Kala
5377:Ancient Pap
5334:Shakh Fazil
5206:Krasnyi Yar
5110:Mogao Caves
5070:Kizil Caves
5006:Archaeology
4871:Farighunids
4826:Turk Shahis
4766:Alchon Huns
3782:Agriculture
3752:South India
3727:Maharashtra
3677:Balochistan
3617:Afghanistan
3591:(1858–1947)
3587:British Raj
3581:(1757–1858)
3577:Company Raj
3571:(1759–1954)
3561:(1620–1869)
3551:(1605–1825)
3547:Dutch India
3541:(1510–1961)
3528:(1510–1961)
3511:(1799–1849)
3507:Sikh Empire
3501:(1729–1947)
3491:(1707–1799)
3481:(1674–1818)
3471:(1650–1948)
3461:(1642–1975)
3451:(1600–1750)
3441:(1576–1757)
3431:(1541–1804)
3421:(1532–1673)
3411:(1529–1736)
3401:(1540–1556)
3391:(1526–1858)
3378:(1526–1858)
3361:(1515–1947)
3351:(1499–1763)
3341:(1518–1687)
3330:(1492–1686)
3319:(1492–1619)
3308:(1490–1574)
3297:(1490–1636)
3286:(1490–1596)
3276:(1470–1842)
3266:(1434–1541)
3256:(1399–1947)
3246:(1358–1803)
3236:(1352–1576)
3226:(1336–1646)
3216:(1325–1448)
3206:(1300–1779)
3196:(1228–1826)
3186:(1451–1526)
3175:(1414–1451)
3164:(1320–1414)
3153:(1290–1320)
3142:(1206–1290)
3131:(1206–1526)
3121:(1170–1206)
3098:(1206–1526)
3079: 1300
3075: 1200
3060:(1187–1673)
3050:(1156–1184)
3030:(1102–1766)
3020:(1083–1323)
3010:(1078–1434)
3000:(1070–1230)
2996:Sena Empire
2990:(1040–1347)
2980:(1003–1320)
2906:Pala Empire
2768:Rai Kingdom
2610:(AD 60–240)
2543:(185–73 BC)
2299:Ror Dynasty
2019: 3950
1706:Kushanshahr
1583:US invasion
1318:Khwarezmids
1168:Kabul Shahi
1123:Alchon Huns
978:1500–535 BC
919:Afghanistan
917:History of
591:fire temple
538:culture of
532:Manichaeism
468:Hindu Shahi
460:Alchon Huns
381:Indus River
377:Kushanshahs
196:Paratarajas
159:Preceded by
40:Kushanshahr
8828:Categories
8644:Punishment
8634:Literature
8373:Machelonia
8341:Kadagistan
8274:Arbayistan
8070:References
8023:Ghaznavids
7833:Nezak Huns
7104:Yukuk Shad
7026:Apa Qaghan
6969:Akhshunwar
6951:Mihirakula
6889:Wanunkhur
6871:Hormizd II
6862:Ardashir I
6837:Khosrow IV
6834:Hormizd VI
6816:Shahrbaraz
6807:Khosrow II
6798:Khosrow II
6795:Hormizd IV
6753:Shapur III
6741:Hormizd II
6735:Bahram III
6720:Ardashir I
6687:Vasudeva I
6681:Kanishka I
6675:Vima Takto
6651:Sapadbizes
6630:Eucratides
6589:Pacorus II
6580:Vonones II
6577:Meherdates
6571:Vardanes I
6556:Orodes III
6553:Phraates V
6532:Sinatruces
6443:Diodotus I
6404:Seleucus I
6354:Darius III
6261:Massagetae
6082:Rulers of
5856:Rag-i-Bibi
5681:Ai-Khanoum
5613:Gonur Depe
5608:Dev-Kesken
5545:Kafir-kala
5535:Ajina tepe
5517:Tajikistan
5477:Sarmishsay
5462:Kyzyl-Kala
5442:Khalchayan
5427:Kafir-kala
5407:Fayaz Tepe
5392:Burchmulla
5354:Uzbekistan
5344:Tash Rabat
5319:Manas Ordo
5286:Kyrgyzstan
5173:Kazakhstan
4876:Ghaznavids
4781:Ustrushana
4776:Tocharians
4706:Massagetae
4359:Cribb, Joe
3926:References
3862:Philosophy
3842:Metallurgy
3832:Literature
3757:Tamil Nadu
3622:Bangladesh
3397:Sur Empire
3111:(977–1186)
3077: – c.
3040:(675–1210)
2970:(973–1189)
2960:(942–1244)
2950:(882–1110)
2940:(850–1334)
2930:(800–1327)
2910:(750–1174)
2890:(694–1947)
2870:(650–1036)
2850:(624–1075)
2818: 700
2816: – c.
2814: 550
2787: 500
2732:(350–1100)
2722:(350–1000)
2690: 600
2688: – c.
2686: 250
2669: 500
2667: – c.
2665: 250
2588: 130
2563:(75–26 BC)
2529: – c.
2527: 150
2458: – c.
2424:– AD 1279)
2407:– AD 1102)
2390:– AD 1345)
2369: – c.
2282: 600
2267:– AD 1600)
2075:Bronze Age
1721:Zabulistan
1696:Kafiristan
1691:Kabulistan
1513:Daoud coup
1348:Qarlughids
1288:Ghaznavids
1198:Tang China
1143:Nezak Huns
1068:155–80? BC
1038:256–125 BC
1028:305–180 BC
1018:312–150 BC
1008:330–312 BC
998:550–330 BC
988:728–550 BC
840:, such as
830:Kushan art
735:Rawalpindi
699:silverware
634:Vasudeva I
464:Turk Shahi
433:Shapur III
357:Ardashir I
268:Kushanshah
106:Government
8753:Qarinvand
8624:Glassware
8619:Education
8347:Khuzistan
8289:Balasagan
8284:Asoristan
8259:Abarshahr
7974:Kalachuri
7766:Kidarites
6916:Grumbates
6900:Kidarites
6868:Hormizd I
6846:Peroz III
6792:Khosrow I
6762:Shapur IV
6756:Bahram IV
6747:Shapur II
6732:Bahram II
6726:Hormizd I
6616:Osroes II
6559:Vonones I
6541:Orodes II
6517:Artabanus
6393:Antigonus
6342:Darius II
6240:Phraortes
6156:from the
5902:Artifacts
5776:Aq Kupruk
5726:Mes Aynak
5658:Ulug Depe
5593:Altyndepe
5540:Cyropolis
5530:Penjikent
5502:Varakhsha
5437:Kara Tepe
5382:Ayaz-Kala
5372:Akhsikath
5362:Afrasiyab
5309:Issyk-Kul
5299:Balasagun
5145:Beshbalik
5022:Sintashta
4982:Silk Road
4911:Ilkhanate
4866:Ma'munids
4761:Kidarites
4458:156673274
4234:0890-4464
4228:: 51–59.
4088:CNG Coins
4058:CNG Coins
3812:Education
3802:Dynasties
3722:Rajasthan
3707:Karnataka
3652:Sri Lanka
2920:(753–982)
2900:(736–916)
2880:(661–750)
2860:(632–661)
2840:(618–841)
2830:(606–647)
2799:(543–753)
2772:(489–632)
2762:(475–576)
2752:(475–767)
2742:(420–624)
2712:(345–525)
2702:(280–550)
2650:(230–360)
2640:(224–651)
2630:(210–340)
2620:(170–350)
2583:(AD 21 –
2441:– AD 800)
2193:Janapadas
2021:–1900 BC)
1948:Neolithic
1661:Arachosia
1627:2004–2021
1612:2001–2004
1577:1996–2001
1567:1992–1996
1547:1978–1992
1527:1973–1978
1507:1926–1973
1487:1823–1926
1477:1818–1855
1467:1747–1823
1457:1738–1747
1447:1716–1732
1437:1709–1738
1427:1510–1709
1417:1501–1738
1392:1520–1591
1382:1370–1507
1372:1245–1381
1362:1256–1335
1358:Ilkhanate
1352:1224–1266
1342:1226–1245
1332:1219–1226
1322:1215–1231
1312:1037–1194
1268:Saffarids
1058:180–90 BC
893:(330–365)
887:(303–330)
881:(300–303)
875:(275–300)
869:(245–275)
863:(230–245)
846:Feng Hetu
836:tombs in
771:Feng Hetu
452:Kidarites
441:Kidarites
429:Shapur II
421:Shapur II
406:Bahram II
396:Bahram II
349:Parthians
321:Bahram II
283:Kidarites
209:Kidarites
145:c. 365 CE
135:c. 230 CE
88:Religion
8813:Category
8748:Mikalids
8728:Dabuyids
8614:Dressing
8536:Timeline
8443:Suristan
8428:Sakastan
8362:Khwarazm
8316:Garmekan
8294:Dihistan
8170:(2002),
7844:Maitraka
7729:kingdom
7727:Kamarupa
7585:Ramayana
7411:Buddhism
7357:Panchala
7348:Gandhara
7308:culture)
7275:IRON AGE
7056:657–742)
6948:Toramana
6938:Khingila
6920:Goboziko
6877:Varahran
6874:Peroz II
6810:Kavad II
6768:Bahram V
6729:Bahram I
6723:Shapur I
6684:Huvishka
6648:Arseiles
6598:Osroes I
6529:Orodes I
6523:Gotarzes
6511:Phraates
6481:Laoshang
6333:Darius I
6330:Cambyses
6249:Astyages
6246:Cyaxares
6168:region)
6111:Margiana
6106:Khorasan
5836:Mundigak
5816:Firozkoh
5706:Shotorak
5525:Bunjikat
5417:Hazorasp
5241:Shilikty
5231:Boralday
5155:Mongolia
5090:Dunhuang
4861:Samanids
4791:Farghana
4644:Polities
4242:24048350
3984:p.284 ff
3951:p.209 ff
3877:Timeline
3867:Religion
3847:Military
3837:Maritime
3827:Language
3817:Indology
3647:Pakistan
3637:Maldives
3335: –
3324: –
3313: –
3302: –
3291: –
3180: –
3169: –
3158: –
3147: –
3136: –
2284:–300 BC)
2224: –
2213: –
2202: –
2191: –
2170:Iron Age
2150: –
2139: –
2118: –
2107: –
2096: –
1827:Category
1701:Khorasan
1681:Gandhara
1622:politics
1523:Republic
1423:Safavids
1378:Timurids
1292:963–1187
1278:Samanids
1258:Tahirids
1248:Abbasids
1218:Umayyads
1160:Medieval
936:Timeline
908:a series
906:Part of
898:See also
818:Pakistan
810:Vāsudeva
802:Kidarite
739:Pakistan
703:textiles
584:Bactrian
552:Pakistan
540:Gandhara
536:Buddhist
521:Shaivism
410:Sakastan
373:Gandhara
365:Shapur I
361:Pakistan
257:Gandhara
100:Hinduism
92:Buddhism
82:Bactrian
8774:Economy
8762:Related
8733:Bavands
8604:Coinage
8587:Culture
8545:Dynasty
8423:Parthia
8408:Paradan
8378:Makuran
8279:Armenia
8269:Albania
8151:Sources
7942:Pallava
7873:Culture
7752:Puranas
7741:Culture
7581:Puranas
7562:Culture
7499:Culture
7415:Ājīvika
7407:Jainism
7382:Culture
7362:Magadha
7284:Culture
6941:Javukha
6905:Yosada
6865:Peroz I
6849:Narsieh
6804:Vistahm
6789:Kavad I
6783:Kavad I
6777:Peroz I
6765:Khosrow
6654:Heraios
6472:Xiongnu
6277:Skunkha
6266:Tomyris
6237:Deioces
6116:Bactria
5781:Asqalan
5716:Bimaran
5711:Paitava
5653:Togolok
5588:Abiward
5472:Poykent
5457:Koktepe
5324:Navekat
5201:Kerderi
5191:Jankent
5140:Kashgar
5115:Tumshuq
5060:Bulayïq
4970:Culture
4786:Khuttal
4746:Xiongnu
4352:Sources
3807:Economy
3792:Coinage
3712:Kashmir
3692:Gujarat
2789:– 1026)
1899:Outline
1751:Culture
1676:Bactria
1604:Interim
1503:Kingdom
1483:Emirate
1413:Mughals
1388:Arghuns
1368:Kartids
1308:Seljuks
1298:Ghurids
1282:875–999
1272:863–900
1262:821–873
1252:750–821
1242:750-977
1232:680–870
1228:Zunbils
1222:661–750
1212:660–842
1202:660–669
1192:652–661
1172:565–879
1147:484–711
1137:410–557
1127:380–560
1108:320–465
1098:230–651
945:Ancient
745:124093.
657:Anahita
580:Pahlavi
570:Coinage
544:Bamiyan
369:Bactria
353:Bactria
327:History
274:in the
253:Bactria
245:Bactria
64:Capital
8796:anērān
8609:Crowns
8438:Spahan
8433:Sogdia
8398:Meshan
8367:Lazica
8352:Kirman
8336:Iberia
8321:Gurgan
8090:Samuel
8081:Samuel
7888:Tantra
7653:Cheras
7553:Cheras
7459:Assaka
7374:Assaka
7306:Srauta
7232:Punjab
7065:Sheguy
7034:Tamgan
7018:Istämi
6944:Mehama
6913:Kidara
6907:Kirada
6884:Kangju
6786:Jamasp
6780:Balash
6738:Narseh
6642:Yuezhi
6464:Yuezhi
6424:Yuezhi
6387:Philip
6336:Xerxes
6243:Madyes
6121:Sogdia
5846:Nagara
5618:Jeitun
5550:Sarazm
5236:Sawran
5181:Begash
5135:Khotan
5130:Loulan
4741:Yuezhi
4558:
4537:
4511:
4501:
4482:
4456:
4421:
4371:
4265:
4240:
4232:
4173:
4128:
4041:Taxila
3972:: 204.
3742:Odisha
3737:Punjab
3682:Bengal
3627:Bhutan
1716:Sistan
1671:Ariana
1405:Modern
910:on the
806:Vishnu
632:ruler
630:Kushan
576:Brahmi
564:sangha
490:style.
488:Kushan
445:Kidara
425:Taxila
385:Taxila
343:style.
341:Kushan
304:, and
249:Sogdia
8769:Roads
8649:Women
8639:Music
8569:Kayus
8453:Yemen
8448:Turan
8393:Media
8388:Mazun
8326:Harev
8299:Egypt
7577:Epics
7316:Late
7298:Late
7290:Late
6910:Peroz
6840:Boran
6822:Boran
6327:Cyrus
6166:Altai
6102:dates
5691:Hadda
5447:Khiva
5339:Suyab
5329:Özgön
5266:Urpek
5251:Sumbe
5216:Otrar
5105:Rawak
5095:Miran
5065:Kucha
4509:JSTOR
4454:S2CID
4238:JSTOR
3762:Tibet
3747:Sindh
3702:Kabul
3687:Bihar
3672:Assam
3642:Nepal
3632:India
1639:since
1238:Lawik
838:China
775:China
663:mint.
653:Mazda
613:mint.
556:Turan
517:Nandi
513:Shiva
505:Nandi
503:with
501:Shiva
302:Herat
298:Balkh
294:Kabul
68:Balkh
8793:and
8790:ērān
8670:Navy
8418:Pars
8383:Marw
8331:Hind
7419:Yoga
7353:Kuru
6693:Saka
6550:Musa
6417:Saka
6283:Saka
6272:Saka
6255:Saka
5871:Iran
5648:Nisa
5633:Merv
5603:Anau
5100:Niya
4681:Saka
4556:ISBN
4535:ISBN
4499:ISBN
4480:ISBN
4419:ISBN
4369:ISBN
4263:ISBN
4230:ISSN
4171:ISBN
4126:ISBN
1781:Wars
1761:Name
1686:Iran
1666:Aria
1641:2021
1598:2001
1587:2001
1557:1990
1537:1978
1517:1973
1497:1929
701:and
661:Merv
655:and
611:Merv
528:Mani
515:and
498:Rev:
493:Obv:
371:and
306:Merv
255:and
235:(or
231:The
8599:Art
7032:) (
7028:) (
7024:) (
7020:) (
4446:doi
4204:CE)
4008:p.1
1114:Rob
808:or
773:in
582:or
566:".
523:.
243:in
8830::
7886:-
7599:-
7595:-
7591:-
7587:-
7583:-
7579:-
7570:-
7474:)
7441:)
7417:-
7413:-
7409:-
7262:)
7238:)
7036:)
6991:)
6402::
6382::
6183:)
4507:.
4452:.
4440:.
4436:.
4393:.
4321:.
4285:.
4236:.
4224:.
4220:.
4201:.
4197:.
4185:^
4148:.
4102:.
4074:,
4064:^
4050:^
4028:^
4014:^
3968:.
3934:^
3072:c.
2811:c.
2784:c.
2683:c.
2662:c.
2585:c.
2524:c.
2453:c.
2436:c.
2419:c.
2402:c.
2385:c.
2364:c.
2279:c.
2262:c.
2016:c.
848:.
816:,
777:.
737:,
659:.
578:,
447:.
300:,
296:,
289:.
251:,
8505:e
8498:t
8491:v
8369:*
8343:*
8307:*
8301:*
8239:e
8232:t
8225:v
7470:(
7437:(
7399:"
7395:"
7355:-
7326:)
7322:(
7304:(
7258:(
7234:-
7230:(
7199:e
7192:t
7185:v
7016:(
6987:(
6297:)
6293:(
6291:)
6287:(
6179:(
6075:e
6068:t
6061:v
4812:)
4808:(
4629:e
4622:t
4615:v
4578:.
4564:.
4543:.
4522:)
4518:(
4515:.
4488:.
4460:.
4448::
4442:9
4427:.
4377:.
4289:.
4271:.
4244:.
4226:4
4179:.
4152:.
4134:.
4106:.
3907:e
3900:t
3893:v
3081:)
3070:(
2820:)
2809:(
2782:(
2692:)
2681:(
2671:)
2660:(
2590:)
2533:)
2522:(
2462:)
2451:(
2434:(
2417:(
2400:(
2383:(
2373:)
2362:(
2277:(
2260:(
2014:(
1866:e
1859:t
1852:v
1624:)
1620:(
1606:/
824:.
721:.
458:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
