Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency

3769: 3453:, which included plans to rename Kurdish villages that had been given Turkish names, expand the scope of the freedom of expression, restore Turkish citizenship to Kurdish refugees, strengthen local governments, and extend a partial amnesty for PKK fighters. But the plans for the Kurdish initiative where heavily hurt after the DTP was banned by the Turkish constitutional court on 11 December 2009 and its leaders were subsequently put on trial for terrorism. A total of 1,400 DTP members were arrested and 900 detained in the government crackdown against the party. This caused major riots by Kurds all over Turkey and resulted in violent clashes between pro-Kurdish and security forces as well as pro-Turkish demonstrators, which resulted in several injuries and fatalities. On 7 December the PKK launched 4024: 7273: 3158: 186: 1321: 1308: 1288: 1268: 1247: 1226: 1213: 1200: 1180: 1160: 4039:, citing a Turkish security source, from 1984 to 2016, there were 36,345 deaths in the conflict. This included 6,741 civilians, 6,833 security forces (5,347 soldiers, 1,466 village guards and 283 policemen) and over 40 thousand PKK fighters by 2016 in Turkey alone. Among the civilian casualties, till 2012, 157 were teachers. From August 1984 to June 2007, a total of 13,327 soldiers and 7,620 civilians were said to have been wounded. About 2,500 people were said to have been killed between 1984 and 1991, while over 17,500 were killed between 1991 and 1995. The number of murders committed by Village Guards from 1985 to 1996 is put at 296 by official estimates. 252: 6895: 6975: 3495: 722: 174: 647: 7721:

group, according to the publication, published by the Jamestown Foundation. The systematic kidnapping of men, women and even children was at its peak between the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the PKK decided to force every family to send someone to serve their armed wings after the third Congress. Many members who had been kidnapped were described as heroes in Serxwebun, the PKK's monthly magazine, after they were killed in the clashes. Some victims like Esengul Akgul, a child soldier who had been allegedly kidnapped when she was only ten years old in 1990, were described as model 'revolutionary fighters' when they died.

7024:

suspected of illegal activity, Turkish security forces killed suspects in house raids, thus acting as investigator, judge, jury and executioner. Police routinely asserted that such deaths occurred in shoot-outs between police and "terrorists". In many cases, eyewitnesses reported that no firing came from the attacked house or apartment. Reliable reports indicated that while the occupants of raided premises were shot and killed, no police were killed or wounded during the raids. This discrepancy suggests that the killings were summary, extrajudicial executions, in violation of international human rights and humanitarian law.

3987:, who along with 13 other fighters was killed by the Turkish military after crossing into Turkey via Syria several days earlier. Dundar came from a Kurdish nationalist family which claimed his body and held a funeral for him in Nusaybin in which he was brought to the city's main mosque and 5000 people which held a march. On the way back the march turned violent and protesters clashed with the police, during which both sides fired upon each other and many people were injured. A curfew was then placed in Nusaybin, tanks and special forces were brought in and some 700 people were arrested. Riots spread to nearby towns and in 20843: 1437: 502: 3166: 20672: 3519:(BDP) which won 36 seats in the South-East, which was more than the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP), which won only 30 seats in Kurdish areas. However, six of the 36 elected BDP deputies remain in Turkish jails as of June 2011. One of the six jailed deputies, Hatip Dicle, was then stripped of his elected position by the constitutional court, after which the 30 free MPs declared a boycott of Turkish parliament. The PKK intensified its campaign again, in July killing 20 Turkish soldiers in two weeks, during which at least 10 PKK fighters were killed, the most of these occurring in a 1417: 1396: 1140: 351: 20855: 7328:, the organization's leader, demanded the civilians to choose between loyalty to the government and support for the PKK, which reportedly led to a campaign against civilians, doctors, nurses, Kurdish elites, government institutions, schools and even hospitals. Additionally, hundreds of schools were burned and only between 1984 and 1987, more than 217 teachers were murdered. The PKK saw schools as "emblems of Turkish imperialism" that belonged to the "colonial assimilation system" and a justification for the killing of teachers was that they taught Turkish to Kurdish children. 3393:, started on 21 February 2008 and was preceded by an aerial offensive against PKK camps in northern Iraq, which began on 16 December 2007. Between 3,000 and 10,000 Turkish forces took part in the offensive. Around 230 PKK fighters were killed in the ground offensive, while 27 Turkish forces were killed. According to the PKK however, this was completely false and that over 125 Turkish forces were killed, while PKK casualties were in the tens. Smaller scale Turkish operations against PKK bases in Iraqi Kurdistan continued afterwards. On 27 July 2008, Turkey blamed the PKK for 8113:

of which 517 were sentenced to death and fifty were actually hanged. Some 400,000 people were denied passports and 30,000 lost their jobs after the new regime classified them as dangerous. 14,000 people were stripped of their Turkish citizenship and 30,000 fled the country as asylum seekers after the coup. Aside from the fifty people that were hanged, some 366 people died under suspicious circumstances (classified as accidents at the time), 171 were tortured to death in prison, 43 were claimed to have committed suicide in prison and 16 were shot for attempting to escape.

20703: 378: 3381:, manned by a 50-man infantry unit. The outpost was almost overrun and the PKK killed 12, wounded 17 and captured 6 Turkish soldiers which were released later. They then withdrew into Iraqi Kurdistan. The Turkish military killed 32 PKK fighters in hot pursuit operations, after the attack, however this was denied by the PKK. The Turkish military responded by bombing PKK bases on 24 October, which resulted in many camps and caves being destroyed, along with 200 PKK insurgents dying in the process. and started preparing for a major cross-border military operation. 3887: 445: 20684: 1512: 1376: 1355: 1334: 1129: 1118: 1107: 1096: 688: 366: 210: 457: 633: 3290: 6891:

arbitrary arrests, murdered and disappeared Kurdish journalists. The latest judgments are from 2014. According to David L. Philips, more than 1,500 people affiliated with the Kurdish opposition parties and organizations were murdered by unidentified assailants between 1986 and 1996. The government-backed mercenaries assassinated hundreds of suspected PKK sympathizers. The Turkish government is held responsible by Turkish human rights organizations for at least 3,438 civilian deaths in the conflict between 1987 and 2000.

609: 417: 531: 3063:, to prevent the PKK from operating in these villages. Villages which refused to cooperate were evacuated by the military. These tactics managed to drive the rebels from the cities and villages into the mountains, although they still often launched reprisals on pro-government villages, which included attacks on civilians. Turkish armed forces reported that on 26 May 1994, the Turkish Air Force targeted the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) militants by bombing North Iraq, and killing 79 militants. During 429: 234: 2946:

operation was a decisive victory for Turkey, as the Hakurk Camp was completely destroyed and occupied by Turkish forces, and the 2 captured soldiers were rescued. During this operation, PKK had lost 1,551 of their experienced PKK fighters killed and another 2,600 experienced PKK fighters getting captured, all whom had been trained for multiple years for such attacks. Despite such odds, only 14 Turkish personnel were killed during the operation, boasting a whopping 1:300 casualty rate.

7963:, which prohibits the employment of youth below 18 years old to be recruited. Following repeated reports in the international media about child soldiers in PKK ranks, representatives of Geneva Call visited PKK camps in order to monitor the application of the Deed of Commitment. They visited camps in which youths of the age between sixteen and eighteen would be accepted on a voluntary basis and while being there would stay away from armed conflict and be educated. 7409: 23293: 3663: 23317: 469: 23281: 700: 20716: 390: 543: 8213: 308: 278: 264: 222: 198: 22171: 1076: 1064: 1052: 1040: 1028: 1016: 1004: 992: 980: 968: 956: 944: 932: 920: 908: 896: 884: 872: 860: 848: 836: 824: 812: 800: 788: 776: 764: 752: 742: 148: 23329: 402: 20526: 7975:, based on Turkish official reports from The Turkish Addiction Monitoring Centre stated that the instability in Iraq had helped the PKK to develop and use Iraq as a transhipment point for heroin. The PKK was reported by this source to collect taxes per kilogram of heroin trafficked to Turkey from the borders of Islamic Republic of Iran and Iraq, with potential profits reaching US$ 200 million annually. Another report published by 41: 4423: 6869:, in addition to the 35,000 people killed in military campaigns, 17,500 were assassinated between 1984, when the conflict began, and 1998. An additional 1,000 people were reportedly assassinated in the first nine months of 1999. According to the Turkish press, the authors of these crimes, none of whom have been arrested, belong to groups of mercenaries working either directly or indirectly for the security agencies. 1591: 621: 597: 20873: 3930:, the father noted he believed the hostages were executed, but was only shown a picture of his son's face and was refused seeing his body. He added that during his sons imprisonment he spoke repeatedly to both HDP MPs and Erdoğan to no avail. The Turkish Human Rights Association, which had previously helped return hostages from the PKK, stated their offers to help negotiate were rejected by state officials. 558: 23305: 7029:

Hospital has backed the allegations. Claudia Roth from Germany's Green Party demanded an explanation from the Turkish government. The Turkish Foreign Ministry spokesman Selçuk Ünal commented on the issue. He said that he did not need to emphasize that the accusations were groundless. He added that Turkey signed to the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1997, and Turkey did not possess chemical weapons.

573: 483: 20935: 20819: 661: 585: 15424: 20831: 7312:. The organization has targeted civilians, doctors, teachers, schools, hospitals, and other government institutions on a mass scale since the 1984, and is responsible for thousands of civilian deaths. The number of total civilian deaths perpetrated by the PKK between 1989 and 1999 was determined as 1,205 by the independent Uppsala One-Sided Violence Dataset. In 1999, a report published by 711: 162: 3059:, causing at least 2 million refugees. Most of these villages were evacuated, but other villages were burned, bombed, or shelled by government forces, and several villages were obliterated from the air. While some were destroyed or evacuated, other villages agreed to join the side of the government. The state offered salaries to local farmers and shepherds to join the 6842:

leading to development and re-design of population settlement schemes across the countryside. According to Dr. Joost Jongerden, Turkish settlement and re-settlement policies during the 1990s period were influenced by two different forces – the desire to expand administration to rural areas and an alternative view of urbanization, allegedly producing "Turkishness".

4068:, 2,400 Kurdish villages were destroyed and 18,000 Kurds were executed. In total up to 3,000,000 people (mainly Kurds) have been displaced by the conflict, an estimated 1,000,000 of which are still internally displaced as of 2009. The Assyrian Minority was heavily affected as well, as now most (50–60 thousand/70,000) of its population is in refuge in Europe. 17121: 3298:

The government claimed that in that same month, some 2,000 Kurdish guerrillas entered Turkey via Iraqi Kurdistan. The PKK, now lacking Syrian government support and the manpower they had in the 1990s, took up new tactics. It reduced the size of its field units from 15 to 20 fighters to teams of 6–8, and avoided direct confrontations, relying more on the use of

2896: 3799:. President Erdogan claimed that between 23 July and late September, 150 Turkish officers and 2,000 Kurdish rebels had been killed. In December 2015, Turkish military operations in the Kurdish regions of southeastern Turkey had killed hundreds of civilians, displaced hundreds of thousands and caused massive destruction in residential areas. According to the 13554: 7020:, extrajudicial killings, and indiscriminate fire. We continue to demand that the Turkish government investigate and hold accountable those members of its security forces responsible for these violations. Nonetheless, under international law, the government abuses cannot under any circumstances be seen to justify or excuse those committed by Ocalan's PKK. 15420: 3996:, the Kurdish new-year celebrations, which at the time were banned. Protests slowed down over the next two weeks as many started to stay home and Turkish forces were ordered not to intervene unless absolutely necessarily but factory sit-ins, go-slows, work boycotts and "unauthorized" strikes were still held although in protest of the state. 3149:. Three Kurdish protestors were shot dead when trying to enter the Israeli consulate in Berlin to protest alleged Israeli involvement in his capture. Although the capture of Öcalan ended a third cease-fire which Öcalan had declared on 1 August 1998, on 1 September 1999 the PKK declared a unilateral cease-fire which would last until 2004. 3040:(to use any and all violent means to solve the Kurdish question), which Özal had opposed, was enacted, and the peace process abandoned. Some journalists and politicians maintain that Özal's death (allegedly by poison), along with the assassination of a number of political and military figures supporting his peace efforts, was part of 2797:, a rival Marxist–Leninist organization. Öcalan strongly criticized the leaders responsible for the guerrilla forces during the early 1980s and threatened others with the death penalty, if they joined rival groups or refused to obey orders. The PKK's military defeats meant they were no closer to their primary goal of an independent 7825:, the leader of the organization, who captured power by brutally suppressing dissent and purging opponents after the PKK's third Congress, consolidated absolute power through a campaign of torture and executions he started against the closest cadres in 1980. Only in 1986, the PKK executed more than sixty of its members, including 8591: 7113:, there have been 940 cases of enforced disappearance since the 1990s. In addition to that, more than 3,248 people who were murdered in extrajudicial killings are believed to have been buried in 253 separate burial places. On 6 January 2011, the bodies of 12 people were found in a mass grave near an old police station in Mutki, 7100:

casualties" were in fact civilians shot by mistake or deliberately killed by security forces. Witness testimony also demonstrates that many of the Turkish government's denials of wrong-doing by the Turkish security forces are fabrications manufactured by soldiers or officials somewhere along the government's chain of command.

3351:. These bombings were condemned by the PKK, which declared its fifth cease-fire on 1 October 2006, which lessened the intensity of the conflict. Minor clashes continued due to Turkish military operations. In total, the conflict claimed over 500 lives in 2006. 2006 also saw the PKK assassinate one of their former commanders, 3478:

dialogue and threatened to declare independence if this demand was not met. Turkish forces had killed 187 and captured 160 PKK members by 14 July, and killed another 227 by the end of the year. By 27 July, Turkish news sources reported the deaths of 72 security forces, which exceeded the 2009 toll. On 12 August, however, a

3117:

Northern Iraq with just 114 casualties. Another turning point in the conflict came in 1998, when, after political pressure and military threats from the Turkish government against Syria, the PKK's leader, Abdullah Öcalan, was forced to leave Syria, where he had been in exile since September 1980. He first went to

13551: 8579: 2697:. During this congress, the 25 people present decided to found the Kurdistan Workers' Party. The Turkish state, Turkish rightist groups, and some Kurdish landowners continued their attacks on the group. In response, the PKK organised and armed members to protect itself, thus becoming more involved in the 7932:

According to the TEPAV think-tank which did research on the identities of 1,362 PKK fighters who lost their lives between 2001 and 2011, 42% of the recruits were under 18, with over a quarter of these being under 15 years of age at the time of recruiting. The organization is still actively recruiting

7320:

only between 1992 and 1995. The organization had also reportedly committed 25 massacres between 1992 and 1995, killing 360 innocent people, including 39 women and 76 children. According to Nil Satana, the author of the Kurdish Issue in June 2011 Elections, PKK attacks on civilians persisted until the

7149:

reported the vile practice of torture by security forces in Turkey. The victims of torture interviewed by Helsinki Watch had revealed the systematic practice of torture against detainees in police custody. Sixteen people had died in suspicious circumstances in police custody, ten of them Kurds in the

7136:

The Stockholm Center for Freedom (SCF) documented eleven cases since 2016 in which people have been abducted by men identifying themselves as police officers. It appears to be mostly in the Turkish capital of Ankara as victims are forced into transit vans. Family members were unable to find out their

7099:

Based on B.G.'s statement and substantial additional evidence, Human Rights Watch believes that the official government casualty estimates severely misrepresent the true number of civilians slain by government forces. It is likely that many of the persons referred to in the official estimates as "PKK

6841:

During the 1990s, a predominantly Kurdish-dominated Eastern and South-Eastern Turkey (Kurdistan) was depopulated due to the Kurdish–Turkish conflict. Turkey depopulated and destroyed rural settlements on a large scale, resulting in massive resettlement of a rural Kurdish population in urban areas and

7919:

On 25 July 2018, Mevlüt Bengi, a father of 6 children, was executed and tied to an electricity tower by guerrillas, who reportedly justified the execution by accusing him of being a collaborator with the AK Party, which he had served as an election observer at the ballot boxes in his district during

7850:

Many governors and other politicians of AK Party in Kurdish inhabited cities were threatened with death and forced to resign by the PKK, while many politicians who refused to resign were executed and assassinated. Only between August 2016 and October 2016, 6 AK Party politicians were murdered by the

7531:

In September 1995, the PKK members raided on a mine in the Seldiren village, executing nine miners and wounding two. According to the authorities, the PKK members had threatened the miners to bring food before executing them for unknown reasons. The organization later claimed the

7132:

During the 1990s and onward Turkish security services have detained Kurds, in some cases they were never seen again with only eyewitnesses coming forward to tell the story. In 1997, Amnesty International (AI) reported that disappearances and extrajudicial executions had emerged as new and disturbing

6910:

In November 1992, the Turkish gendarmerie officers forced the leader of the Kelekçi village to evacuate all of the inhabitants, before shooting at them and their houses with heavy weapons. The soldiers set up fire to nine houses and forced all villagers to flee. Later soldiers burned the rest of the

4054:

have accused each other of civilian deaths. Since the 1970s, the European Court of Human Rights has condemned Turkey for the thousands of human rights abuses against Kurdish people. The judgments are related to systematic executions of Kurdish civilians, torturing, forced displacements, thousands of

2678:, and other cities to make the public aware of the group's activities. This was followed by a Turkish government crackdown against the organisation. On 18 May 1977, Haki Karer was assassinated in Antep. During this period, the group was also targeted by the Turkish ultranationalist organization, the 2514:

or murder of Kurdish journalists, activists and politicians. Teachers who provided and students who demanded education in Kurdish language were prosecuted and sentenced for supporting terrorism of the PKK. On the other hand, the PKK has faced international condemnation, mainly by Turkish allies, for

8384:

The Suleymanlar saw these leftists as a threat to the existing order, while the Kurdistan Revolutionaries viewed oppressive, landowning tribes like the Suleymanlar as much the enemy as the state itself... In Hilvan, the Suleymanlar tribe renewed their attacks on the PKK, kidnapping and killing six

8112:

According to official figures, in the period during and after the coup, military agencies collected files on over 2 million people, 650,000 of which were detained, 230,000 of which were put on trial under martial law. Prosecutors demanded the death penalty against over 7 thousand of them,

7979:

in the same year stated the organization is actively involved in money laundering, illicit drugs and human trafficking, as well as illegal immigration inside and outside the EU for funding and running its activities, without citing any official source or specific investigation by justice or police.

7159:

reported that the rape and torture of Kurdish prisoners in Turkey are disturbingly commonplace. According to the report, published by Amnesty International in 2003, Hamdiye Aslan, a prisoner accused of supporting the Kurdish group, the PKK, had been detained in Mardin Prison, south-east Turkey, for

7104:

Shooting and killing peaceful demonstrators was one of the methods the security forces used to spread fear. In 1992, the security forces killed more than 103 demonstrators, 93 of them during the celebration of Newroz in three Kurdish cities. No security force member was ever charged with any of the

7023:

The Kurdish Workers Party (PKK), a separatist group that espouses the use of violence for political ends, continues to wage guerrilla warfare in the southeast, frequently in violation of international humanitarian law, or the laws of war. Instead of attempting to capture, question and indict people

6940:

planes (F-16's) and a helicopter circled two villages and bombed them, killing 38 Kurdish civilians. The Turkish authorities blamed the PKK and took pictures of the dead children and spread in the press. The European Court of Human rights condemned Turkey to pay 2,3 million euros to the families of

6918:

soldiers. The Turkish authorities initially blamed the PKK and refused to investigate the case until it was opened again 17 years later. The investigations eventually came to an end in late 2014 with sentences of life imprisonment for three gendarme officers, a member of the special forces and nine

4008:

arrested. According to Governor of Şırnak, Mustafa Malay, the violence was caused by 500 to 1,500 armed rebels which he alleged, entered the town during the festival. However, he conceded that "the security forces did not establish their targets properly and caused great damage to civilian houses."

3371:

killed seven soldiers and wounded six at a military base. Tensions across the Iraqi border also started playing up as Turkish forces entered Iraq several times in pursuit of PKK fighting and In June, as 4 soldiers were killed by landmines, large areas of Iraqi Kurdistan were shelled which damaged 9

3297:

In September 2003, the PKK declared an end to its cease-fire, but waited until mid-2004 before going on the offensive again. In June 2004, the PKK resumed its armed activities because they claimed the Turkish government was ignoring their calls for negotiations and was still attacking their forces.

9114:

The conflict has yielded a high death toll... of which 5478 were civilians, and 6764 were security personnel... 26,774 PKK militants were killed, another 922 were injured, 6727 were captured, and 4781 surrendered between 1984 and 2013... Fatality and casualty figures are extracted from the Turkish

7348:

reports in 1997, the PKK has tortured and killed Kurdish peasants and its own members that were against them in the 1980s. Dozens of Kurdish civilians have been abducted and killed because they were suspected of being collaborators or informers. According to a 1996 report by Amnesty International,

7331:

In the early 1990s, the organization allegedly began to bomb civilian targets and commit massacres against innocent civilians after the government refused to negotiate. According to Jessica Stanton, an associate professor in the global policy area, the shift in PKK tactics was a direct response to

7108:

In the early 1990s, hundreds of people had disappeared after they had been taken into custody by security forces. Only in 1992, more than 450 people had been reportedly killed. Among those killed were journalists, teachers, doctors, human rights activists and political leaders. The security forces

3948:

In May 2022, while calls for Finland and Sweden were made to join the NATO alliance, Turkey opposed their adhesion unless these countries crack down on local Kurdish and Gulenist networks. The move has been commented as a political card to distract from ongoing economic crisis in Turkey and better

3533:

October and November, such as the six PJAK fighters killed in Çukurca on 28 October. On 19 October, twenty-six Turkish soldiers were killed and 18 injured in 8 simultaneous PKK attacks in Cukurca and Yuksekova, in Hakkari provieen 10,000 and 15,000 full-time, which is the highest it has ever been.

3223:

From 2003 to 2004 there was a power struggle inside the KONGRA-GEL between a reformist wing which wanted the organisation to disarm completely and a traditionalist wing which wanted the organisation to resume its armed insurgency once again. The conservative wing of the organisation won this power

3200:

Offers by the PKK for negotiations were ignored by the Turkish government, which claimed that the KONGRA-GEL continued to carry out armed attacks in the 1999–2004 period, although not on the same scale as before September 1999. They also blame the KONGRA-GEL for Kurdish riots which happened during

3116:

was done in May 1997 and over fifty thousand Turkish soldiers and ten thousand village guards took part in the operation. The operation was successful as the Turkish military killed over 3,000 insurgents and captured more than 400 in just two months and destroyed almost all of the Kurdish camps in

2877:

In 1990, during the fourth Congress, the PKK ended its unpopular conscription policy. The organization's attempts to take into the account the demands and criticism of its support base had helped it to increase its popularity. According to Stanton, the PKK's improved relationship with its civilian

6825:

conscience adopted a specific interpretation of progressism, a trend of thought which emphasizes the human ability to make, improve and reshape human society, relying on science, technology and experimentation. This notion of social evolution was used to support and justify policies of population

4042:

Contrary to the newest estimate, earlier figures by the Turkish military put the number of PKK casualties much higher, with 26,128 PKK dead by June 2007, and 29,704 by March 2009. Between the start of the second insurgency in 2004, and March 2009, 2,462 PKK militants were claimed killed. However,

3569:

heavy machine guns and rocket launchers on high ground to ambush Turkish motorized units that would be sent to re-take the town. However the Turkish army avoided the trap by destroying the heavy weapons from the air and using long range artillery to root out the PKK. The Turkish military declared

3532:

against the PJAK in Northern Iraq, which resulted in a cease-fire on 29 September. After the cease-fire the PJAK withdrew its forces from Iran and joined with the PKK to fight Turkey. Turkish counter-terrorism operations reported a sharp increase of Iranian citizens among the insurgents killed in

2873:

personality of Öcalan, who had brutally suppressed dissent and purged opponents since the early 1980s. According to David L. Philips, up to sixty PKK members were executed in 1986, including Mahsum Korkmaz, who he believes was murdered on 28 March 1986. Between the 1980 and 1990, the organization

7720:

In its early stages, some PKK members and groups systematically recruited children, men and women by kidnapping them. This forced families whose children were already a member of the organization to cooperate and thus turning them into accomplices, which increased the number of women joining the

4058:

According to the Los Angeles Times, 4,000 villages have been destroyed since the beginning of the uprising, in which U.S. Government, who supports the PKK, accused the Turkish Military for the forced evacuation of between 380,000 and 1,000,000 Kurdish villagers from their homes According to the

3833:

in northeastern Turkey. According to news reports, a roadside bomb exploded, targeting a Gendarmerie vehicle. HDBH claimed responsibility for the attack on May 8, stating that three gendarmes died in the attack, as well as the Base Commander, who was the intended target. the Joint Command of the

7028:

Turkish–Kurdish human rights activists in Germany accused Turkey of using chemical weapons against PKK. Hans Baumann, a German expert on photo forgeries, investigated the authenticity of the photos and claimed that the photos were authentic. A forensics report released by the Hamburg University

3469:

On 1 May 2010 the PKK declared an end to its cease-fire, launching an attack in Tunceli that killed four and injured seven soldiers. On 31 May, Abdullah Öcalan declared an end to his attempts at re-approachment and establishing dialogue with the Turkish government, leaving PKK top commanders in

2945:

personnel, with the support of helicopters, assaulted the PKK's heavily defended Hakurk Region, which had well over 10,000 experienced PKK fighters, including the surrounding areas. Despite lacking resources and manpower and being heavily outnumbered, outgunned, and encircled, the result of the

7078:

Kurds in Turkey have been killed, tortured and disappeared at an appalling rate since the coalition government of Prime Minister Suleyman Demirel took office in November 1991. In addition, many of their cities have been brutally attacked by security forces, hundreds of their villages have been

4007:

not to attack the protest. In the heavy violence that ensued during that year's Nowroz protest some 55 people were killed, mainly in Şırnak (26 killed), Cizre (29 killed) and Nusaybin (14 killed) and it included a police officer and a soldier. Over 200 people were injured and another 200 were

3696:

On 6 and 7 October 2014, riots erupted in various cities in Turkey for protesting the Siege of Kobane. The Kurds accused the Turkish government of supporting ISIS and not letting people send support for Kobane Kurds. Protesters were met with tear gas and water cannons. 37 people were killed in

3638:

newspaper and finally, the bombings of the Justice Ministry of Turkey and Erdoğan's office at the Ak Party headquarters in Ankara. However, both parties vehemently condemned all three events as they occurred and stated that they were determined anyway. Finally on 21 March 2013, after months of

6890:

Since the 1970s, the European Court of Human Rights has condemned Turkey for thousands of human rights abuses against Kurdish people. The judgments are related to systematic executions of Kurdish civilians, forced recruitments, torturing, forced displacements, thousands of destroyed villages,

3477:

Another major attack in Hakkari occurred on 20 July 2010, killing six and wounding seventeen Turkish soldiers, with one PKK fighter being killed. The next day, Murat Karayilan, the leader of the PKK, announced that the PKK would lay down its arms if the Kurdish issue would be resolved through

3201:

the period. The PKK argues that all of its military activity during this period was defensive, as the Turkish military launched some 700 raids against their bases, including in Northern Iraq. Despite the KONGRA-GEL cease-fire, other groups continued their armed activities. For example, the

6997:

stated that more than 150 civilians had been killed in Cizre. According to Amnesty International, the curfews had been imposed in more than 19 different towns and districts, putting the lives of hundreds of thousands of people at risk. Additionally, the report stated that the government's

3326:

In March 2006 heavy fighting broke out around Diyarbakir between the PKK and Turkish security forces, as well as large riots because of "local anger over high unemployment, poverty and Ankara's reluctance to grant more autonomy to the mainly Kurdish region". The army closed the roads to

3376:

in the Gabar mountains, killing 15 commandos and injuring three, which made it the deadliest PKK attack since the 1990s. In response a law was passed allowing the Turkish military to take action inside Iraqi territory. Then on 21 October 2007, 150–200 militants attacked an outpost, in

2929:

changed the geopolitical dynamics in the region. Apart from Özal, himself half-Kurdish, few Turkish politicians were interested in a peace process, nor was more than a part of the PKK itself. In February 1991, during the presidency of Özal, the prohibition of Kurdish music was ended.

15484: 2837:, were growing internal conflict and the organization's inability to stop it. According to Michael Gunter, Öcalan, even before this time, had already carried out a purge of many rival PKK members, who were tortured and forced to confess they were traitors before being executed. 2539:. The organization is historically to blame for the burning of schools and killing of teachers who they accused of "destroying Kurdish identity", attacks on hospitals which resulted in the death of doctors and nurses, and allegedly the kidnapping of foreign tourists for ransom. 7069:

against the Kurdish citizens in the Kurdish dominated southeast region of Turkey. Since the early 1980s, the authorities have systematically used arbitrary arrests, executions of suspects, excessive force, and torture to suppress the opponents. In 1993, the report published by

3682:. According to the Turkish government and the Kurds and most of the press, this move marks the end of 30-year-old conflict. Second phase which includes constitutional and legal changes towards the recognition of human rights of the Kurds starts simultaneously with withdrawal. 7032:

In response to the activities of the PKK, the Turkish government placed Southeastern Anatolia, where citizens of Kurdish descent are in the majority, under military rule. The Turkish Army and the Kurdish village guards loyal to it have abused Kurdish civilians, resulting in

2782:. Kemal Pir died on September 7, M. Hayri Durmuş on the 12th, Akif Yılmaz on the 15th, and Ali Çiçek on the 17th. On April 13, 1984, a 75-day hunger strike started in Istanbul. As a result, four prisoners—Abdullah Meral, Haydar Başbağ, Fatih Ökütülmüş, and Hasan Telci—died. 3314:. Another change in PKK tactics was that the organisation no longer attempted to control any territory, not even after dark. Violence increased throughout 2004 and 2005 during which the PKK was blamed for dozens of bombings in Western Turkey throughout 2005, including the 2824:

The decisions that were taken during the third Congress transformed the PKK from a Leninist organization into one in which power was more concentrated, as Öcalan accrued more Önderlik (leadership). Some of the reasons why Öcalan took power from the other leaders, such as

3213:(Kurdish Hezbollah), arresting 3,300 Hizbullah members in 2000, compared to 130 in 1998, and killing the group's leader Hüseyin Velioğlu on 13 January 2000. During this phase of the war at least 145 people were killed during fighting between the PKK and security forces. 3953:

in Madrid, the Turkish delegation dropped their opposition to Finland and Sweden's NATO membership applications and signed a tripartite memorandum addressing Turkey's concerns regarding arms exports and the Kurdish–Turkish conflict. On 30 June 2022, Turkish President

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at 08:30 that morning. The HBDH report is consistent in time and location to an attack reported by Doğan News Agency, in which "unknown assailants" fired on a police checkpoint. This report states that 3 officers were killed and 5 were injured, along with a civilian.

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has claimed responsibility for several more attacks in the region, primarily targeting Turkish soldiers or gendarmes. The tactics employed by the alliance are very similar to those used by the PKK. The most notable attack came on 19 July 2016, just 4 days after the

2585:. With the resumption of violence, hundreds of Kurdish civilians have been killed by both sides and numerous human rights violations have occurred, including torture and widespread destruction of property. Substantial parts of many Kurdish-majority cities including 3506:

The cease-fire was revoked early, on 28 February 2011. Soon afterwards three PKK fighters were killed while trying to get into Turkey through northern Iraq. In May, counter-insurgency operations left 12 PKK fighters and 5 soldiers dead. This then resulted in major

3486:, despite alleging that Turkey had launched over 80 military operations against them during this period. Despite the truce, the PKK responded to these military operations by launching retaliatory attacks in Siirt and Hakkari provinces, killing 12 Turkish soldiers. 6786:*: Most of Turkey's Operation Euphrates Shield combats were between TSK & TFSA against IS on one side, and between YPG against IS on the other, while the Turkish forces and US-allied YPG avoided full scale clashed. Turkey strategic objective was to prevent 7841:

The PKK executed many of its members. The revolutionaries I knew, whom I trusted, were shot. Many people, regardless of whether they were women or children, were killed in the country. Öcalan wanted to be accepted through violence. Many people were killed in

3474:, killing 7 and wounding 6 soldiers. On 18 and 19 June, heavy fighting broke out that resulted in the death of 12 PKK fighters, 12 Turkish soldiers and injury of 17 Turkish soldiers, as the PKK launched three separate attacks in Hakkari and Elazig provinces. 2769:

burned himself to death on March 21, 1982, in protest at the treatment in prison. Ferhat Kurtay, Necmi Önen, Mahmut Zengin and Eşref Anyık followed his example on May 17. On July 14, PKK members Kemal Pir, M. Hayri Durmuş, Ali Çiçek and Akif Yılmaz started a

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against Kurdish rebels, striking 132 targets. Turkish military bombed PKK targets in northern Iraq in six days of air raids, according to General Staff, where 90–100 PKK Soldiers were killed, and at least 80 injured. From July to September Iran carried out

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to assassinate between 2,500 and 5,000 members of and businessmen accused of supporting the PKK. Later on, state officials used the organizations to collect profits from the heroin trade, an industry larger than the state budget at the time. In 2021, the

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On 1 January 1995, PKK guerrillas carried out a massacre in the Hamzali neighborhood of Kulp in Diyarbakir, killing 1 village guard and more than 20 civilians, mainly women and children. The memorial has been created for the victims in the neighborhood.

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was killed. More than 33 Kurdish journalists working for different newspapers were killed between 1990 and 1995. The killings of Kurdish journalists had started after the pro-Kurdish press had started to publish the first daily newspaper by the name of

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recorded 25,825–30,639 casualties to date, 22,729–25,984 of which having died during the first insurgency, 368–467 during the cease-fire and 2,728–4,188 during the second insurgency. Casualties from 1989 to 2011, according to the UCDP are as following:

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and a crackdown which was launched on all political organisations, during which at least 191 people were killed and half a million were imprisoned, most of the PKK withdrew into Syria and Lebanon. Öcalan went to Syria in September 1980 with Kemal Pir,

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formed the new leadership committee of the organisation. The new administration decided to restart the insurgency, because they claimed that without guerillas the PKK's political activities would remain unsuccessful. This came as the pro-Kurdish

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claimed that 13 soldiers and police officers, who had been held hostage by the PKK since 2015 and 2016, were executed during an attempted rescue operation. Erdoğan blamed the United States and Kurdish politicians for the failed operation, while

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reported that the Turkish government airstrikes killed eight residents and injured at least eight others – including a child – in a flagrantly unlawful attack on the village of Zergele, in the Kandil Mountains in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

8565:, "Zaza, Alevi and Dersimi as Deliberately Embraced Ethnic Identities" in '"Aslını İnkar Eden Haramzadedir!" The Debate on the Ethnic Identity of The Kurdish Alevis' in Krisztina Kehl-Bodrogi, Barbara Kellner-Heinkele, Anke Otter-Beaujean, 7137:

locations from the state, indicating that they were detained secretly or by clandestine groups. In a case where one was finally located after 42 days missing, he was tortured for days, forced to sign a confession and handed over to police.

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accused Erdoğan of being responsible for the deaths. The PKK claimed the hostages were killed by Turkish airstrikes during the operation. The father of one deceased hostage Semih Özbey was summoned to identify his son, and according to the

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In April 2005, KONGRA-GEL changed its name back to PKK. Because not all of the KONGRA-GEL's elements accepted this, the organisation has also been referred to as the New PKK. The KONGRA-GEL has since become the Legislative Assembly of the

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The Turkish military responded with a ferocious counterinsurgency campaign that led to the deaths of nearly 40,000 people, most of them Turkish Kurdish civilians, and the displacement of more than three million Kurds from southeastern

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Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East: Collected Papers of the International Symposium "Alevism in Turkey and Comparable Sycretistic Religious Communities in the Near East in the Past and Present" Berlin, 14-17 April

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against the PKK in Iraq to prevent further border station ambushes conducted by the PKK. A force of 35,000 personnel (in which most were there for pulling security, a very small portion took part in the actual fighting) went into

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In 1995, a fifty-two year old woman claimed that Turkish soldiers killed her husband and her husbands brother and took pictures of their corpses with weapons. She said that the two killed people were laughed upon as PKK members.

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On 25 October 1996, a suicide bombing was carried out when a PKK member detonated the explosives she had with her in front of Adana Riot Control Police Directorate, killing 5 people including a civilian and injuring 18 others.

3209:(TAK) were formed during this period by radical KONGRA-GEL commanders dissatisfied with the cease-fire. The period after the capture of Öcalan was used by the Turkish government to launch major crackdown operations against the 17075:"On the eve of Nowruz festivals…Afrin witnesses arrests against its residents by the factions of "Olive Branch" on charge of celebrating and setting fire in the festival's anniversary - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights" 14941: 2753:

to start an armed guerilla war there for the creation of an independent Kurdish state. Meanwhile, they prepared guerrilla forces in Syria and Lebanon to go to war. However, many PKK leaders were arrested in Turkey and sent to

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In 1977, an assembly was held to evaluate these political activities. The assembly included 100 people from different backgrounds and several representatives of other leftist organisations. In spring 1977, Öcalan travelled to

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Between 1992 and 1995, PKK carried out 768 extrajudicial executions, mostly of civil servants and teachers, political opponents, off-duty police officers and soldiers, and those deemed by the PKK to be "state supporters".

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In late March 2006, the Turkish security forces who tried to prevent the funerals of the PKK fighters clashed with the demonstrators, killing at least eight Kurdish protesters, including four children under the age of 10.

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When it started small-scale attacks in 1978, the PKK... deliberately targeted a number of influential clan leaders, especially those affiliated with right-wing political parties, to underline the class dimension of its

5916: 2793:. Issues raised included lack of discipline, growing internal criticism, and splinter groups within the organization. This had led the organisation to execute some internal critics, especially ex-members who had joined 2494:

did not begin until 15 August 1984, when the PKK announced a Kurdish uprising. Since the conflict began, more than 40,000 have died, the vast majority of whom were Kurdish civilians. Both sides were accused of numerous

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As Human Rights Watch has often reported and condemned, Turkish government forces have, during the conflict with the PKK, also committed serious violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, including

3181:, and in February 2000 they declared the formal end of the war. After this, the PKK said it would switch its strategy to using peaceful methods to achieve their objectives. In April 2002, the PKK changed its name to 12087: 11368: 5758: 4063:

some 5,000 Turkish civilians and 35,000 Kurdish civilians have been killed, 17,000 Kurdish civilians have disappeared and 119,000 Kurdish civilians have been imprisoned as a result of the conflict. According to the

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of predominantly Kurdish areas in Turkey's East and South-East were also bound in the early ideas and policies of modern Turkish nationalism, going back to as early as 1918 to the manifesto of Turkish nationalist

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On 12 February 2006, PKK's former representative of Europe, Kani Yılmaz was assassinated by PKK via a bomb that was put into his car. Yılmaz was burned to death in the car with a former PKK militant Sabri Tori.

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stated that the PKK's policy of forced recruitment by kidnapping has dramatically increased since the 1994. The organization has used the policy to offset its heavy losses since the early days of the conflict.

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destroyed villages, arbitrary arrests, murdered and disappeared Kurdish journalists, politicians and activists. Turkey has been also condemned for killing Kurdish civilians and blaming the PKK in the ECHR.

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All economic, political, military, security institutions, formations and nationalist organizations—and those who serve in them—have become targets. PKK has attacked Turkish authorities outside of Kurdish

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over 15,000 people, constituting about half the town's population took part in riots in which five people were killed, 80 injured and 155 arrested. Widespread riots took place throughout the Southeast on

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keeps track of casualties linked to the Kurdish–Turkish conflict. The data about PKK casualties are limited to proper Turkey, and does not include casualties from preemptive operations in Syria or Iraq.

3189:), claiming the PKK had fulfilled its mission and would now move on as purely political organisation. In October 2003 the KADEK announced its dissolution and declared the creation of a new organisation: 9947: 7398:

On 10 June 1990, a group of guerrillas raided on Çevrimli village in Şırnak's Güçlükonak district, killing more than 27 people, most of them women and children. The event is known as Çevrimli massacre.

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The PKK is against Turkish political parties, cultural and educational institutions, legislative and representative bodies, and "all local collaborators and agents working for the Republic of Turkey".

21527: 21522: 8457: 3186: 2190: 2185: 15226: 20744: 20488: 20063: 16984: 15454: 12825: 12146: 8744: 15941: 3570:

operation was ended successfully on 11 August, claiming to have killed 115 guerrillas and lost only six soldiers and two village guards. On 20 August, eight people were killed and 66 wounded by a

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Through the cease-fire years 2000–2003, some 711 people were killed, according to the Turkish government. The Uppsala Conflict Data Program put casualties during these years at 368 to 467 killed.

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stated the Turkish authorities had beaten and punched detainees, using sexual violence, including rape and threat of rape. In some cases, the detainees were photographed nude and threatened with

2941:, as a counter-attack to the numerous station ambushes and to rescue 2 Turkish soldiers who had been captured by the PKK, between 9 October and 1 November against the PKK. 2,512 commandos and 36 1325: 15196: 14440: 21507: 21502: 7945:

have confirmed the recruitment and use of child soldiers by the organization and its armed wings since the 1990s. The organization is also believed to have used the children in the drug trade.

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to cities. The Government claimed that the displacement policy aimed to remove the shelter and support of the local population and consequently, the population of cities such as Diyarbakır and

2805:

had tarnished the organization's image. During the Congress, the leaders decided to advance the armed struggle, increase the number of fighters, and dissolve the HRK, which was replaced by the

2170: 2165: 14625: 13845: 11529: 20798: 20762: 14505: 8224:|title=Increasing tensions see resurgence of Turkey's far-right street movements |last=MacDonald |first=Alex |date=14 September 2015 |publisher=Middle East Eye |access-date=7 December 2016 }} 3697:

protests. During these protests, there were deadly clashes between PKK and Hizbullah sympathizers. 3 soldiers were killed by PKK in January 2015, as a sign of rising tensions in the country.

2566:. Fighting resumed the same year. In 2013, the Turkish government started talks with Öcalan. Following mainly secret negotiations, a largely successful ceasefire was put in place by both the 17014: 16004: 11758: 10346: 9028: 14859: 5788: 13662: 8590:

Martin van Bruinessen, "Zaza, Alevi and Dersimi as Deliberately Embraced Ethnic Identities" in '"Aslını İnkar Eden Haramzadedir!" The Debate on the Ethnic Identity of The Kurdish Alevis',

7679:(HPG), claimed that the truck was driven by members of the HPG, but that the explosives should have detonated elsewhere and the truck only detonated as villagers opened fire on the truck. 2506:

has condemned Turkey for thousands of human rights abuses. Many judgments are related to the systematic executions of Kurdish civilians, torture, forced displacements, destroyed villages,

20774: 20756: 8242: 14457: 14240: 12341: 22043: 15248: 8766: 2806: 17788: 8629: 2977:, Lebanon, Öcalan stated that the PKK no longer sought a separate state, but peace, dialogue, and free political action for Kurds in Turkey within the framework of a democratic state. 21209: 15005: 14949: 10824: 2284: 1651: 20299: 17458:"Unjust, Restrictive, and Inconsistent: The Impact of Turkey's Compensation Law with Respect to Internally Displaced People: Impact of the ECtHR on provisions for Turkey's displaced" 13906: 13056: 7432:

On 22 June 1992, a group of PKK members killed fourteen villagers, nine of them children, and wounded eight others in raids on the houses of village guards in the village of Seki in

21532: 17628:"Refworld | Turkey: Status of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and Turkish Hezbollah; situation and treatment of members, supporters and sympathizers of these parties (2006–2007)" 14411: 7895:

On 17 July 1987, 5 people were executed by PKK in Şırnak Province. Serxwebûn, a publication of the PKK announced the executions and stated that executed people were all "traitors".

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where 42 civilians were killed by State Forces during anti-government protests by Kurdish groups throughout Turkey. The protesters denouncing Ankara position during Islamic State's

2195: 19549: 13030: 7987:(OFAC) announced the designation of Zeyneddin Geleri, Cerkez Akbulut (a.k.a. Cernit Murat), and Omer Boztepe as three Moldovan-based specially designated narcotics traffickers for 21537: 21512: 20732: 5728: 2200: 2175: 22048: 20792: 20508: 14381: 13278: 10743: 7213: 7164: 3515:(BDP), during these protests 2 people were killed, 308 injured and 2,506 arrested by Turkish authorities. The 12 June elections saw a historical performance for the pro-Kurdish 3413:, at night. 17 Turkish soldiers were killed and 20 were injured, meanwhile 123 PKK fighters were killed during the fighting. On 10 November, the Iranian Kurdish insurgent group 1673: 15911: 12228: 8856: 7814:

which is developed by the U.S. Department of State for counter-terrorism. The program lists the names and information of the most wanted US designated terrorists in the world.

19395: 17205: 16162: 15973: 15654: 13684: 12179: 8483: 6838:. It created a complex pattern of interaction between state of society, in which the regime favored its people in a distant geography, populated by locals marked as hostile. 20481: 16733: 15688: 15113: 8804: 7087:, the authorities even executed the Kurdish civilians and took the pictures of their corpses with the weapons, they carried for staging the events, in order to show them as 18198: 17274: 11329: 8935: 20927: 19142: 15165: 14655: 11256: 7995:. According to the OFAC, Zeyneddin Geleri was identified as a high-ranking member of the PKK while two others were reportedly just PKK activists. The OFAC stated that the 7924:. The HPG released a statement that it has killed Mevlüt Bengi, but for having caused serious harm to the Kurdish movement, and not for being a member of a certain party. 3194: 16063: 15729: 12724: 9788: 3441:, after Abdullah Öcalan called on them to end military operations and prepare for peace. The following day the Turkish authorities arrested 53 Kurdish politicians of the 15274: 13815: 12786: 12365: 9688: 9242: 7829:, who is believed to have been murdered during the clashes on 28 March 1986. The organization also targeted the defectors and assassinated at least eight of them in the 19483: 16518: 15933: 11649: 11415: 8272: 21724: 15827: 11825:"Between integration, autonomization and radicalization. Hamit Bozarslan on the Kurdish Movement and the Turkish Left. Interview by Marlies Casier and Olivier Grojean" 8688: 7898:

On 31 July 1987, Serxwebûn announced that PKK executed Hıdır Kılıçaslan in Kuyubaşı hamlet of Akören village in Hozat and accused him of being an "ungrained traitor".

5946: 2251: 1623: Casualty estimates from the Turkish government after 2015 include those from the Syrian civil war. Turkish figures for casualties have been called into question. 15334: 15031: 12538: 11592: 4003:. Most notably in 1992, when thousands of protesters clashed with security forces all over the country and where the army allegedly disobeyed an order from President 17816:"Dışişleri'nden 'kimyasal silah' iddialarına ret haberi Siyaset haberleri Haber7 haber7.com – Güncel Haberler, Son dakika haberleri – Bu noktada haber var" 16806: 15143: 9758: 8714: 21108: 19527: 17730: 17397: 14806: 14741: 11079: 3004:. The president's death on 17 April led to the postponement of that meeting, and the plans were never presented. A Turkish army attack on the PKK on 19 May 1993 in 2487:, the Kurdish language was officially prohibited in public and private life until 1991. Many who spoke, published, or sang in Kurdish were arrested and imprisoned. 1719: 25438: 24574: 22122: 20474: 15859: 15532: 15057: 13089: 13005: 10137: 9465: 9012: 8028: 6130: 15312: 13526: 12681: 9526: 8515: 24315: 23173: 18229: 14154: 2846: 16992: 14132: 11782: 10164: 9615: 8607: 7483:

On 21 October 1993, a group of PKK members killed 22 people, including 13 children in the yard of the school in Siirt. The incident is called Derince massacre.

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and since then until 2012 according to multiple analysis' of the data of the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey and Turkish Gendarmerie were as following:

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strategies between 1992 and 1995. To deprive the rebels of a logistical base of operations and punish local people supporting the PKK, the military carried out

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According to a 1996 report by Amnesty International, "in January 1996 the government announced that the PKK had massacred 11 men near the remote village of

3096:

groups organized several peace initiatives in support of a solution to the conflict. But in May 1996, there was an attempt to assassinate Abdullah Öcalan in

12405: 11806: 8453: 25165: 25065: 23490: 21458: 19687: 16354: 15510: 15234: 9363: 8985: 3104:. The PKK announced the end of the unilateral ceasefire on 16 August 1996, stating that it was still ready for peace negotiations as a political solution. 2869:, a high-ranking commander, likely died as a result of internal conflicts and described the perpetrators as "gangs". Leaked reports, however, revealed the 2842: 25468: 20071: 19822: 16912: 16320: 15446: 14565: 12926: 12817: 12154: 7079:

forcibly evacuated, their ethnic identity continues to be attacked, their rights to free expression denied and their political freedom placed in jeopardy.

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published a report condemning the Turkish government for carrying out systematic executions, displacing civilians, and raping and torturing detainees in

7109:

usually denied to have detained the victims but sometimes they claimed that they had released the victims after "holding them briefly". According to the

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Some of the most extensively damaged sites are Nusaybin, Derik and Dargeçit (Mardin); Sur, Bismil and Dicle (Diyarbakır); and Cizre and Silopi (Şırnak).

10108: 9143: 9057: 2686:. Some wealthy Kurdish landowners targeted the group as well, killing Halil Çavgun on 18 May 1978, which resulted in large protest meetings in Erzurum, 24432: 24427: 24364: 24359: 21238: 20939: 20768: 13461: 9718: 6537: 6507: 6477: 5886: 1828: 18939: 24169: 20922: 18254: 14351: 13853: 13247: 11521: 6010: 5852: 3949:

engage in upcoming elections, taking an aggressive posture against foreign powers and Kurds being favorable to AKP. On 28 June, the first day of the

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organization for their continuous use of violence during the 1990s. On 6 November 2018, the State Department listed the PKK's three top executives,

3757:(which the PKK denied carrying out) and effectively ending the cease-fire (after many months of increasing tensions). Turkish warplanes also bombed 24259: 21163: 21113: 21078: 18911:"HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH WORLD REPORT 1990 An Annual Review of Developments and the Bush Administration's Policy on Human Rights Worldwide January 1991" 17022: 16550: 16395: 15996: 15368: 12351: 11755: 11554: 10864: 10343: 5668: 3984: 3335:(TAK), which vowed to "turn Turkey into hell", launched a major bombing campaign. On 25 August two coordinated low-level blasts targeted a bank in 2854: 1779: 1729: 1694: 18119: 14863: 13884: 8834: 7419:

On 25 December 1991, PKK attacked a store in the Bakırköy district with Molotov cocktails, resulting in 11 deaths, including 7 women and 1 child.

3367:

that killed 6 and injured 121 people. The Turkish government alleged the PKK was responsible for the bombing. On 4 June, a PKK suicide bombing in

1251: 25306: 23983: 23367: 22299: 21431: 21371: 21318: 21088: 20497: 13658: 8541: 7391:

On 18 August 1987, PKK fighters massacred 14 children, including one three-day-old and one six-day-old baby, and 11 adults in Kılıçkaya village,

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After the unilateral cease-fire the PKK declared in September 1999, their forces fully withdrew from Turkish Kurdistan, set up new bases in the

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Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.

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child soldiers and it has been accused of abducting more than 2,000 children by Turkish Security Forces. The latest independent reports by the

3612:(Çözüm Süreci) in public. While negotiations were going on, there were numerous events that were regarded as sabotage to derail the talks: The 2866: 2490:

The PKK was formed in an effort to establish linguistic, cultural, and political rights for Turkey's Kurdish minority. However, the full-scale

1873: 18605: 18087: 15252: 14206: 11226: 7885:

On 15 May 1987, İsa Karaaslan, a father of 3 children and a teacher was accused of being a spy for the Turkish Intelligence and was executed.

5595:

Turkey has led numerous airstrikes and ground operations in Syria, Iraq and Iran, in order to attack groups Turkey classifies as PKK-related.

23523: 22836: 21138: 20877: 17578: 14465: 14314: 7065:. At the beginning of the conflict, the PKK's relationship with its civilian supporters created incentives for the Turkish government to use 3352: 3225: 2850: 1754: 1400: 601: 19796: 17692: 14997: 12882: 23902: 22999: 22378: 22066: 21042: 20310: 19461: 19012: 13914: 13636: 13064: 11620: 10817: 9006: 8882: 3791:

But also the Kurdish rebel fighters did not sit still: a Turkish Governor claimed that Kurdish assailants had fired on a police vehicle in

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In 1977, a small group under Öcalan's leadership released a declaration on Kurdish identity in Turkey. The group, which called itself the

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https://web.archive.org/web/20180701140230/http://omranstudies.org/publications/reports/download/68_d403f01ed28320cb2e67b13cffb381c7.html

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Violence soon spread throughout Turkey. Many Kurdish businesses were destroyed by mobs. The headquarters and branches of the pro-Kurdish

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With the PKK's ceasefire declaration in hand, Özal was planning to propose a major pro-Kurdish reform package at the next meeting of the

18014: 16680: 16027: 10405: 10308: 7405:

On 15 July 1991, PKK guerrillas burned nine villagers to death in their houses in the villages of Pazarcık and Çağlayancerit districts.

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killed six people. Turkey says the bomb was planted by a Kurdish Syrian separatist whom they arrested. On 20 November, Turkey launched

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soldier was killed and seven soldiers, two policemen and three civilians injured. It was followed by a PKK raid on a police station in

2567: 2563: 2238: 2233: 613: 19505: 17044: 16457: 14836: 14373: 12847: 11973: 11690: 10733: 10051: 7892:, teacher Asim Özmen and imam Mehmet Bayram were taken from their houses and executed. Serxwebûn accused both of them of being spies. 7340:

If attacks on military and police targets could not force the government to negotiate, then perhaps attacks on civilian targets would.

7120:

In 2006, the former ambassador Rouleau stated that the continuing human rights abuses of ethnic Kurds is one of the main obstacles to

24422: 24354: 21248: 18996: 15895: 15572: 14068: 13939: 12225: 8860: 7121: 6687: 3835: 3818: 3524: 2794: 2108: 1848: 625: 563: 178: 21308: 19874: 18767:"Gramsci'nin Hegemonya Kuramı Bağlamında Nükleer Karşıtı Hareketin Milliyet Gazetesindeki Temsiliyeti (11 Ocak 1999-25 Temmuz 2000)" 16154: 15963: 12176: 9280: 1893: 25105: 23774: 22770: 22107: 21547: 21542: 21014: 20738: 20586: 20513: 20393: 19439: 19232: 19202: 19172: 18578: 14595: 14180: 13439: 13407: 13343: 12000: 11872: 9332: 8479: 7972: 7512:

Many who died were unarmed civilians, caught in the middle between the PKK and security forces, targeted for attacks by both sides.

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In late June 1992, PKK militants killed five people, including a member of the village guard, in an attack on Elmasirti village in

7422:

Between 1992 and 1995 the organisation has committed 25 massacres killing 360 innocent people, including 39 women and 76 children.

6885: 4480: 2460: 2402: 2210: 2205: 1467: 19946: 18645: 18071: 16295: 15105: 12972: 9983: 25026: 24501: 23932: 22159: 21473: 20952: 19138: 18206: 17304: 16706: 15684: 14437: 11483: 9439: 8796: 1988: 24006: 18344: 15173: 14647: 13694: 12761: 11267: 9762: 8405: 3092:. This was aimed at giving the new Turkish government time to articulate a way of resolving the conflict. During the ceasefire, 25183: 25055: 24301: 23594: 23262: 22404: 22351: 22112: 20726: 20367: 18873: 18021: 17089: 16053: 14677: 13375: 12114: 11192:"Kurds in Turkey and in (Iraqi) Kurdistan: A Comparison of Kurdish Educational Language Policy in Two Situations of Occupation" 9784: 7909:

On 27 September 2017, the organization kidnapped and executed Mahmut Bazancir who was mistakenly accused of being an informer.

7206:

In 1992, Turkish security forces executed seventy-four people in house raids and more than a hundred people in demonstrations.

7160:

almost three months in which she was reportedly blindfolded, anally raped with a truncheon, threatened and mocked by officers.

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The conflict's casualties between 1984 and 2012 according to the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey, Turkish Gendarmerie,

4023: 3056: 20171: 17992: 14537: 12794: 12697: 12386: 10282: 10084: 9250: 3840: 3565:

and engage the Turkish army in a "frontal battle" by blocking the roads leading to the town from Iran and Iraq and setting up

25493: 25478: 24195: 23402: 21002: 20978: 20639: 20222: 18147: 18101: 17865:"Protesting as a Terrorist Offense: The Arbitrary Use of Terrorism Laws to Prosecute and Incarcerate Demonstrators in Turkey" 17257: 16930: 16510: 14587: 13823: 12464: 12325: 12256: 11397: 11303: 10480: 9837: 8369: 8264: 8186: 7200: 6915: 3914: 3781: 3629: 3461:

which killed seven and injured three Turkish soldiers, which became the deadliest PKK attack in that region since the 1990s.

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In October 2016, amateur footage emerged showing Turkish soldiers executing two female PKK members they had captured alive.

2658:. They then started student organisations that contacted local workers and farmers to raise awareness about Kurdish rights. 25247: 25038: 24893: 24849: 24691: 22282: 22137: 21298: 19361: 16440: 13987: 13774: 13603: 13578: 13495: 13308: 13221: 13191: 11931: 11584: 10290: 8659: 8308: 3784:(HDP) were also attacked. There are reports of civilians being killed in several Kurdish-populated towns and villages. The 3730: 3655:

announced that they would obey, stating that the year of 2013 is the year of solution either through war or through peace.

3600:

On 28 December 2012, in a television interview upon a question of whether the government had a project to solve the issue,

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dropped a bomb near the Munzur mountains, killing 2 women. In the same year, Turkish security forces attacked the town of

4043:

later figures provided by the military for the 1984–2012 period, revised down the number of killed PKK members to 21,800.

3901:

In October 2019, the Turkish force launched an operation against Syrian Kurds in the Northern Syria which has been termed

3553:, the Syrian affiliate of the PKK, and Turkey armed ISIS and other Islamic groups against Kurds. Turkish foreign minister 25357: 24730: 24226: 23949: 23441: 23360: 22729: 22444: 22270: 21416: 21346: 20894: 20810: 19848: 18671: 18411: 14814: 13097: 10021: 7921: 4028: 3860: 3639:

negotiations with the Turkish Government, Abdullah Ocalan's letter to people was read both in Turkish and Kurdish during

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which killed 17 and injured 154 people. The PKK denied any involvement. On 4 October, the most violent clashes since the

2698: 2150: 2113: 2073: 1939: 268: 17815: 17135: 16409: 15304: 15079: 13518: 12071: 11850: 9469: 9009: 24844: 24756: 23890: 23220: 22760: 22750: 21223: 20591: 20551: 17653:"Fresh evidence of casualties underscores need for impartial investigation into Turkish airstrikes in Kandil Mountains" 12678: 12443:

Other air strikes reported by the Turkish armed forces include: C July 26, 1994 on Mezi district, killing seventy-nine.

12430: 12402: 11155: 11116: 11013: 10971: 10941: 10708: 10667: 10624: 10571: 10438: 10372: 9518: 9214: 9175: 8959: 8505: 7952:

stated that the PKK was believed in 1998 to have had 3,000 child soldiers in its forces based in Iraq and operating in

7227:, a 35-year-old Kurdish woman who was secretary-general of the Future Syria Party and who worked for interfaith unity. 3470:

charge of the conflict. The PKK then stepped up its armed activities, starting with a missile attack on a navy base in

3315: 3041: 3001: 506: 312: 21233: 18910: 18840: 18528:

Satana, Nil S. (2012). "The Kurdish Issue in June 2011 Elections: Continuity or Change in Turkey's Democratization?".

18361: 17751: 17161: 14158: 13724: 11901:: File of Torture: Deaths in Detention Places or Prisons (12 September 1980 to 12 September 1995), Ankara, March 1996 7272: 3983:

The Serhildan, or people's uprising, started on 14 March 1990, Nusaybin during the funeral of 20-year-old PKK fighter

2874:

targeted defectors, assassinating two of them in Sweden, two in the Netherlands, three in Germany and one in Denmark.

2555: 1823: 25311: 25278: 25072: 24766: 24714: 24629: 24100: 23470: 22765: 22712: 22650: 22338: 22321: 20960: 20339: 19920: 19755: 19745: 19721: 19711: 19417: 19048: 18850: 18615: 18390: 18181: 17848: 17562: 17533: 17523: 17345: 17074: 16612: 15053: 14789: 14124: 13128: 12581: 12532: 12380: 12372: 12204: 12081: 12010: 11983: 11941: 11898: 11779: 10905: 10532: 10399: 10294: 9863:

Saatci, Mustafa (2002). "Nation–states and ethnic boundaries: modern Turkish identity and Turkish–Kurdish conflict".

9611: 8955: 8575: 7748: 7358: 7110: 4466: 3923: 3595: 3529: 2779: 18484: 18434: 12654: 12496: 11716: 11449: 10196: 9668: 9417: 4448: 3339:, on 27 August a school in Istanbul was targeted by a bombing, on 28 August there were three coordinated attacks in 25498: 25448: 25443: 25214: 25143: 25115: 24837: 24832: 24827: 24584: 24579: 24454: 24200: 23836: 23743: 23584: 23198: 22883: 22682: 22606: 22394: 20835: 20804: 19078: 18813: 18374: 16655: 16324: 15801: 15780: 15594: 14767: 10250: 9557: 7984: 7690:, killing 12 people including 6 security officers and 6 civilians and injuring 51 others, three of them seriously. 6447: 3202: 1956: 1838: 21381: 19625: 14889: 11191: 8427: 7664: 7606:

On 22 June 2010, the TAK claimed responsibility for a bombing on a bus carrying soldiers and civilians killing 5.

3582:

400 incidents of shelling, air bombardment and armed clashes occurred in August. On 24 September, Turkish General

2902:

region—defining areas in Turkey under a state of emergency—in red with neighbouring provinces in orange, 1987–2002

1981: 25458: 25453: 25016: 24442: 24374: 24156: 22878: 22326: 21406: 17422:

Belge, Ceren (2016). "Civilian victimization and the politics of information in the Kurdish Conflict in Turkey".

14487: 12818:"The Jamestown Foundation: The Shaykh Said Revolt and Ankara's Return to the Past in its Struggle with the Kurds" 11803: 11196: 8910: 8222:

http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/increasing-tensions-see-resurgence-turkeys-far-right-street-movements-923266627

7999:

is one of the PKK's criminal activities it uses to obtain weapons and materials to fight the Turkish government.

6627: 6597: 3852: 3508: 3398: 3373: 3157: 2942: 2093: 2018: 652: 589: 99: 19280: 15506: 14555: 9359: 8981: 7763:

to protest the forced recruitment of their children by PKK. After two weeks of protesting, the families started

7117:. A few months later, three other mass graves were reportedly found in the garden of Çemişgezek police station. 3795:

in September 2015, killing two officers, and some unspecified "clash" with PKK rebels purportedly took place in

3450: 2053: 25483: 25160: 25050: 24972: 24867: 24772: 24485: 24386: 24117: 23353: 23020: 22717: 22672: 22586: 22564: 22477: 21517: 21401: 20421: 20247: 20196: 17375: 17107: 16191: 12930: 12499: 11906: 7852: 6933:, destroying 401 houses, 242 shops and massacring more than thirty civilians, and leaving one hundred wounded. 4440: 4433: 3868: 3746: 3550: 3146: 3112:

One of the turning points in the conflict was when Turkey did the largest cross-border mission in its history.

2503: 2180: 449: 293: 23972: 23723: 21386: 21052: 20984: 18368: 16256: 13151: 12906: 10129: 9811: 8767:"Ali Haydar Kaytan operasyonla etkisiz hale getirildi! PKK, ölümünü gizlemek için cesedi gömenleri infaz etti" 7657: 2730: 2484: 25503: 24381: 23996: 23637: 23429: 23109: 22826: 22547: 21819: 18284: 17457: 16488: 16377: 13965: 9391: 9137: 9047: 8043: 7501:

that in response of Turkeys declaration of an all-out war, the PKK adapted its tactics in the following way:

6835: 4083: 3803:(HRW) report, "Local human rights groups have recorded well over 100 civilian deaths and multiple injuries." 3667: 3483: 3089: 3064: 2758:. Because of the treatment of the prisoners, the prison became the site of much political protest. (See also 2420:). Although the Kurdish-Turkish conflict has spread to many regions, most of the conflict has taken place in 2013: 577: 535: 23859: 23815: 21886: 21073: 16346: 13465: 12613: 9710: 1689: 960: 25332: 25033: 24071: 23977: 23791: 23533: 23321: 23193: 22888: 22519: 22499: 22097: 21891: 21361: 21331: 20859: 20581: 19302: 18932: 14341: 12302:

Michael M. Gunter, "Turgut Özal and the Kurdish question", in Marlies Casier, Joost Jongerden (eds, 2010),

7949: 7628: 7412: 6922:

In August 1993, Turkish security forces opened fire during the protest, killing 10 people and wounding 51.

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came to power in 2002, the Turkish state started to ease restrictions on the Kurdish language and culture.

3017: 2981:, the prime minister of Turkey at the time, refused to negotiate with the PKK, but also stated that forced 2295: 1993: 1922: 948: 112: 75: 32: 19575: 18262: 14009: 13243: 9362:. International Relations and Security Network (ISN). International Relations and Security Network (ISN). 8398:"ABDli Senatör Lindsey Graham: YPG, PKK'nın siyasi koludur, Türkiye için yarattığımız problemi çözmeliyiz" 2861:

were some of the victims. Later in 2006, Öcalan denied these accusations and stated in his book that both

2432:

carrying out frequent ground incursions and air and artillery strikes in the region, and its influence in

1934: 25301: 25296: 25120: 24977: 24396: 24391: 24206: 23786: 23574: 23452: 23436: 23148: 22775: 22755: 22677: 22601: 22346: 22152: 20972: 20688: 20676: 20576: 20457: 19113: 16966: 16850: 14703: 8033: 8018: 7811: 7281: 7088: 6964: 4047: 3890: 3826: 3822: 3652: 3262: 3250: 3142: 2409: 2386: 1927: 1606: 1489: 487: 370: 356: 282: 21436: 21273: 18050: 15364: 11562: 7357:

forces". The organization's 'suicide guerrilla teams', mainly made up of women, were responsible for 21

7349:"in January 1996 the government announced that the PKK had massacred 11 men near the remote village of 3647:. The letter called a cease-fire that included disarmament and withdrawal from Turkish soil and calling 3080:

was captured and destroyed by Turkish forces. 555 PKK members were killed and another were 13 captured.

2098: 1863: 25488: 25463: 25402: 25088: 25011: 24967: 24602: 24538: 24111: 24076: 23912: 23907: 23885: 23780: 23660: 23632: 23579: 22871: 22846: 22724: 22574: 22411: 22399: 22265: 22087: 22082: 21356: 20889: 20707: 20619: 20450:"Treasury Sanctions Supporters of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) Tied to Drug Trafficking in Europe" 20093: 17604: 16948: 16894: 16543: 13876: 12197:

Political Violence and Kurds in Turkey: Fragmentations, Mobilizations, Participations & Repertoires

10853: 8826: 8013: 8008: 7683: 7676: 7261: 7235:

The Turkish state has similarly involved itself with drug trafficking through the conflict. During the

6798:. Accordingly, only a minor part of these operations casualties were from Turkey forces vs YPG forces. 6318: 3942: 2907: 2759: 2702: 2683: 2679: 2083: 2038: 2008: 1976: 382: 330: 22061: 21411: 21243: 16727: 10158: 8537: 7709: 6894: 3561:

in Hakkari province, described as the most violent in years. as the PKK attempted to seize control of

3378: 2738:, and Delil Dogan being sent to set up an organisation in Lebanon. Some PKK fighters took part in the 1843: 24962: 24740: 24735: 24709: 24449: 24328: 24059: 23680: 23674: 23049: 22687: 22667: 22314: 21911: 21366: 20996: 20847: 16832: 16125:"NATO deal with Sweden and Finland: Ankara celebrates 'national victory,' worries mount in Stockholm" 15761:"Politics, Economy, and Ideology in Iraqi Kurdistan Since 2003: Enduring Trends and Novel Challenges" 14036: 13745: 9641: 7635: 6974: 3516: 3512: 3016:

has said that the massacre had been allowed to go ahead by the Turkish military, and was part of the

2472: 1998: 1484: 924: 516: 461: 21268: 19388:"PKK terror bombing targets police vehicle in Turkeys southeastern Diyarbakır, 3 killed, 45 injured" 18739: 18715: 18459: 16582: 16086: 15624: 7770:

On 28 May 2012, a group of militants kidnapped 10 workers working on a road construction project in

7041:

more than doubled. However, martial law and military rule was lifted in the last provinces in 2002.

3579: 3494: 1858: 25473: 25352: 25229: 25224: 25153: 24130: 23718: 23475: 23446: 23247: 22913: 22611: 22540: 22309: 21663: 21426: 21396: 21258: 21008: 20990: 20966: 20634: 18370:

Organized Crime in Europe: Concepts, Patterns and Control Policies in the European Union and Beyond

14318: 11558: 6953: 6671:

Ground and clearing operations successful. 13 Hostages killed by PKK before they could be rescued.

4065: 3442: 3434: 3402: 3266: 3076:, assisted by planes, helicopters, tanks and APCs. The operation ended in a Turkish victory as the 2985:

was the wrong approach towards the Kurds. Several Kurdish politicians supported the ceasefire, and

2570:. On 21 March 2013, Öcalan announced the "end of armed struggle" and a ceasefire with peace talks. 2078: 2028: 21977: 21941: 21568: 17582: 14069:"PKK has repeatedly asked for a ceasefire of peace since their establishment in the past 17 years" 11484:"PKK has repeatedly asked for a ceasefire of peace since their establishment in the past 17 years" 7756: 7581: 7457:

In late September 1992, PKK militants massacred 29 civilians including many women and children in

7199:, a prominent Kurdish intellectual and journalist of Özgur Gundem, was assassinated by members of 7183:

On 24 February 1992, Cengiz Altun, the Batman correspondent for the weekly pro-Kurdish newspaper,

2578: 2043: 876: 25327: 25093: 24054: 24049: 23627: 23497: 23309: 22596: 22569: 22514: 22509: 22361: 21173: 21128: 21123: 21118: 20823: 20624: 20335: 18690: 17231:

The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds – an Analysis of Spatial Policies, Modernity and War

16865: 14346: 12874: 10047: 7653:, wounding 13 people. Two days later, the Kurdish militant group TAK claimed the responsibility. 6413: 6198: 5587:

The ceasefire agreement broke down in July 2015, dividing 2015 in two sharply different periods.

4444: 3876: 3586:

claimed that 110 Turkish soldiers and 475 PKK militants had been killed since the start of 2012.

3332: 3206: 3113: 2994: 2693:

The founding Congress of the PKK was held on 27 November 1978 in Fis, a village near the city of

2389:, as well as its allied insurgent groups, both Kurdish and non-Kurdish, who have either demanded 1789: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1499: 666: 547: 511: 336: 256: 71: 22356: 22017: 21901: 21552: 19823:"Families start hunger strike in Diyarbakır for return of children who joined PKK – Turkey News" 18994:

PKK has repeatedly asked for a ceasefire of peace since their establishment in the past 17 years

18973: 17899: 17789:"Shocking Images of Dead Kurdish Fighters: Turkey Accused of Using Chemical Weapons against PKK" 13795: 13628: 13119:

Romano, David; Romano, Thomas G. Strong Professor of Middle East Politics David (2 March 2006).

11614: 11005:

The Kurdish question in Turkey: new perspectives on violence, representation, and reconciliation

8893: 8309:"State Building and the Limits of Legibility: Kinship Networks and Kurdish Resistance in Turkey" 7486:

On 25 October 1993, 4 teachers and a 2-year-old girl were murdered by PKK militants in Yolalan,

5278: 3955: 3788:

raised their concerns over the attacks on civilians and the 4 September 2015 blockade of Cizre.

3691: 3656: 3601: 2215: 1912: 1020: 692: 25342: 25021: 24995: 24888: 24151: 24135: 24001: 23104: 23044: 23032: 22925: 22782: 22275: 22198: 22145: 21693: 21605: 21441: 21341: 21303: 21253: 21188: 21093: 18933:"PKK (Partiya Karkeren Kürdistan-Kürdistan İşçi Partisi): TERÖR ÖRGÜTÜ KRONOLOJİSİ (1976–2006)" 18328: 17122:"Suriye'nin kuzeyindeki operasyonlarla 6 yılda yaklaşık 17 bin terörist etkisiz hale getirildi" 17052: 12851: 12522: 9588: 8023: 7377: 7005:

In 2019, Turkish soldiers killed 11 Kurdish civilians, 8 of them children in artillery attack.

6657: 6383: 3902: 3716: 3571: 3394: 2810: 2103: 2063: 1966: 1944: 1804: 1709: 421: 23345: 23099: 21784: 21769: 21288: 17838: 17719:"Eight children among 11 killed in Turkish shelling on Syria town held by Kurds, monitor says" 16755: 16228: 14094: 13434: 13402: 13370: 13338: 12566: 12492: 10933: 10897: 10587: 8715:"Bakan Soylu: 29 Ekim 2023 tarihinde bu ülkenin dağlarında bir tek PKK'lı terörist kalmayacak" 2749:, Syria, from 20 to 25 August 1982. Here it was decided that the organisation would return to 1878: 25198: 25193: 24909: 24655: 24475: 23991: 23804: 23543: 23407: 23252: 23037: 23027: 22994: 22734: 22557: 21916: 21698: 21278: 21178: 21103: 20720: 19506:"İstanbul Vezneciler'de polis aracına bombalı saldırı, 7'si polis, 11 kişi hayatını kaybetti" 18726: 18667: 18641: 18067: 18025: 17368: 17335: 16684: 16569: 11737: 11044: 10389: 10316: 8562: 7942: 7656:

On 10 May 2016, 3 people were killed and 33 civilians and 12 police officers were injured in

7345: 6999: 6994: 6986: 6914:

In 1993, Mehmet Ogut, his pregnant wife and all their seven children were burned to death by

6228: 3962: 3165: 3137:. After leaving the embassy on 15 February 1999 for the airport, he was kidnapped in a joint 2321: 2316: 2130: 1898: 1868: 1794: 1724: 394: 22167: 19713:

Understanding International Counter Terrorism: A Professional's Guide to the Operational Art

18230:"Kurdish female politician, who worked to unite Christians, Arabs, Kurds, executed in Syria" 17318: 16882: 16604: 16461: 10522: 9921: 7532:

attack in Serxwebun publication by claiming the killed miners were soldiers and 'fascists'.

3738: 3417:

declared it would be halting operations inside Iran to start fighting the Turkish military.

3328: 2642:. The group decided in 1974 to start a campaign for Kurdish rights. Cemil Bayik was sent to 24480: 24252: 24066: 24039: 23944: 23922: 23880: 23564: 23188: 23183: 23168: 23114: 23059: 22943: 22802: 22787: 22635: 22552: 22366: 21463: 21336: 21193: 21158: 20606: 20596: 20571: 20556: 19697: 17726: 14618:"How Kurdish PKK Militants Are Exploiting the Crisis in Syria to Achieve Regional Autonomy" 14588:"Turkish army: 90–100 Kurd rebels killed in n. Iraq raids – Breaking News – Jerusalem Post" 11694: 11522:"PKK claims killing of Turkish policemen in revenge for Syria border attack – Türkiye News" 11183: 10770: 9052: 7547: 7370: 7249: 7058: 6898: 6751: 3966: 3807: 2511: 2429: 2135: 2048: 1961: 1809: 1774: 1610: 1472: 1462: 1457: 298: 238: 202: 21926: 21921: 21774: 21263: 21098: 20466: 18993: 18607:

Violence and Restraint in Civil War: Civilian Targeting in the Shadow of International Law

14072: 12073:

Violence and Restraint in Civil War: Civilian Targeting in the Shadow of International Law

11487: 10365:

PKK, Perspektiven des Kurdischen Freiheitskampfes: Zwischen Selbstbestimmung, EU und Islam

7458: 7192: 6942: 3945:

and targeted areas including Metina, Zap and Avashin. The operation is currently ongoing.

3205:(PŞK) tried to use the cease-fire to attract PKK fighters to join their organisation. The 2755: 2310: 1853: 1714: 912: 900: 637: 8: 24548: 24511: 24459: 24246: 24106: 24011: 23939: 23758: 23748: 23666: 23654: 23644: 23538: 23064: 23015: 22948: 22898: 22797: 22707: 22655: 22468: 22449: 22235: 22056: 21468: 21451: 21446: 21351: 21228: 20864: 20561: 19899: 19362:"Kurdish group claims suicide attack in Turkish city of Bursa – National | Globalnews.ca" 16759: 15564: 15537: 14433: 9272: 7610: 7592: 7588:, 13 civilians, mostly women and employees of the store, were killed and 5 were injured. 7402:

On 21 March 1990, PKK members blocked a road where they killed 9 engineers and a worker.

7217: 6717: 3934: 3364: 3311: 2911: 2821:

policy was approved, which obliged every family to send someone to the guerrilla forces.

2145: 2123: 2118: 1971: 1833: 226: 21987: 21962: 21931: 21881: 21851: 21083: 19550:"Turkish police detain five people over alleged involvement in suicide bombing in Hatay" 19224: 19194: 19164: 18637: 18063: 16913:"'Özel Harp işiydi ve muhteşemdi': 6-7 Eylül Pogromu ve bir Sabri Yirmibeşoğlu portresi" 15934:"CHP leader says Erdoğan is responsible for the deaths of 13 security personnel in Iraq" 15197:"Turkey accused of allowing Islamic State fighters to cross its border in Kobane attack" 14292: 14266: 14184: 13429: 13397: 13333: 11876: 9336: 7425:

On 11 June 1992, the guerrillas executed more than 13 people from a bus they stopped in

7361:

between 1995 and 1999. The same number was 11 between 2 August 2015 and 25 August 2016.

5310:

Ceasefire and peace process broke down on 20 July 2015. Military confrontation resumed.

3796: 3410: 3029: 2978: 1699: 972: 792: 24761: 24650: 24506: 24044: 23927: 23896: 23842: 23810: 23753: 23589: 23480: 23235: 23178: 23158: 23071: 22960: 22903: 22699: 22621: 22287: 22208: 22203: 22117: 22007: 21391: 21376: 21326: 20546: 18878: 18555: 17774: 17755: 17439: 17296: 16288: 15772: 15450: 14041: 13791: 13717:"Turkish incursion into Northern Iraq: Military Fiasco, Political Debacle – The Bullet" 12976: 12554: 12047: 12002:

Primitive Rebels Or Revolutionary Modernizers?: The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey

11402: 11360: 10890: 10734:"European Court of Human Rights: Turkey Ranks First in Violations in between 1959–2011" 10659: 10599: 9888: 8336: 8192: 7988: 7934: 7705:

killing 1 civilian and 1 police officer while injuring 7 others including 3 civilians.

7646: 7498: 7494: 7313: 7168: 7146: 7092: 7084: 7071: 7050: 7008: 6998:

disproportionate restrictions on movement and other arbitrary measures were resembling

6879: 3969:– airstrikes on PKK positions in Iraq and Syrian Democratic Forces positions in Syria. 3950: 3800: 3741:

attack on progressive activists, which was claimed by ISIL. During the 24–25 July 2015

3048: 2726: 2421: 2033: 2003: 1917: 804: 21759: 21638: 21633: 17482: 15710:

Turkish army hit village in Syria's Afrin with suspected gas: Kurdish YPG, Observatory

10472:

Autonomy, sovereignty, and self-determination: the accommodation of conflicting rights

9443: 7822: 7799: 7741: 7672: 7536: 7469: 7451: 7350: 7333: 7325: 4012: 3605: 3482:

cease-fire was declared by the PKK. In November the cease-fire was extended until the

3437:(DTP) won a majority of the vote in the South East. Soon after, on 13 April 2009, the 3009: 2543: 2456: 1164: 1100: 1032: 25417: 25337: 24686: 24543: 23966: 23513: 23419: 23390: 23333: 23280: 23242: 23205: 23091: 23076: 22893: 22831: 22818: 22792: 22660: 22591: 22535: 22454: 22247: 22222: 22183: 22002: 21708: 21678: 20899: 20614: 20566: 20119: 19751: 19717: 19681: 19336: 19044: 18846: 18794: 18752: 18611: 18386: 18341: 18292: 18177: 17844: 17558: 17529: 17443: 17341: 17253: 16630: 16608: 16597: 16389: 16094: 15903: 15828:"As Turkey attacks Kurds in Syria, Trump says any ISIS escapees are Europe's problem" 13959: 13124: 12754: 12701: 12528: 12460: 12376: 12321: 12252: 12200: 12077: 12006: 11979: 11937: 11902: 11842: 11407: 11364: 11352: 11151: 11112: 11009: 10967: 10937: 10926: 10901: 10860: 10704: 10663: 10620: 10567: 10528: 10476: 10434: 10395: 10368: 9892: 9880: 9210: 9171: 9105: 9085: 8571: 8397: 8375: 8365: 8340: 8328: 8196: 8182: 8160: 7913: 7297: 6926: 6122: 4060: 3958:

said that Sweden had made a "promise" to extradite "73 terrorists" wanted by Turkey.

3886: 3785: 3541:

In summer 2012, the conflict with the PKK took a violent curve, in parallel with the

3454: 3210: 3013: 2750: 2627: 2524: 2464: 2445: 2437: 2413: 2390: 1595: 1380: 1184: 852: 492: 473: 324: 214: 22022: 21683: 21047: 19778: 18559: 15997:"Blinken walks back State Department ambiguity over Turkish hostages killed in Iraq" 13365: 12304:

Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue

12111: 11975:

Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue

10219:"Focus – Iraqi Kurdistan: Kurdish locals divided over Turkey's anti-PKK air strikes" 9979: 8741:"PKK militant on Turkey's 'most-wanted list' killed in southeast: Interior Ministry" 5972: 5878: 5844: 3625: 2714: 1217: 1056: 756: 25381: 25273: 25188: 25060: 24935: 24930: 24883: 24787: 24671: 24417: 24349: 24179: 24162: 24123: 23798: 23733: 23728: 23700: 23599: 23559: 23163: 23131: 22953: 22908: 22851: 22504: 22427: 22242: 22102: 21896: 21866: 21293: 21068: 20904: 20629: 18784: 18774: 18545: 18537: 18378: 17770: 17431: 17288: 15896:"Deaths of Soldiers and Policemen Held by Kurdish Guerrillas Roil Turkish Politics" 14971: 14763: 14541: 14510: 12346: 12220: 11832: 11799: 11751: 11344: 10430:

The PKK-Kurdistan Workers' Party's Regional Politics: During and After the Cold War

10279: 10074: 9872: 9097: 8320: 8174: 8166: 7953: 7856: 7791: 7577: 7573: 7236: 6937: 5215: 4051: 4004: 3844: 3830: 3674:

On 25 April 2013, PKK announced that it would be withdrawing all its forces within

3542: 3289: 3174: 2949:

In 1993, Özal returned to working on a peace plan with the former finance minister

2739: 2536: 2507: 2433: 2332: 2326: 1883: 1684: 1404: 1384: 1363: 1342: 1276: 1255: 1234: 1044: 996: 936: 715: 106: 24293: 21967: 21703: 18088:"Time for Justice Ending Impunity for Killings and Disappearances in 1990s Turkey" 15802:"Trump calls Turkey assault on Syria a 'bad idea' as Kurds report civilian deaths" 14704:"CRS Report: Terrorism: Middle Eastern Groups and State Sponsors, August 27, 1998" 11648:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. February 2017. 11292: 9841: 8428:"Ashton Carter'dan önemli YPG, PYD ve PKK açıklaması - Son Dakika Dünya Haberleri" 8170: 7550:

targeting a group of 60 unarmed military personnel perpetrated by PKK occurred in

4074:, an elected MP from the BDP, put the PKK's casualties at 18,000 as of July 2011. 3617: 3270: 3020:'s coup plans. On the 8 June 1993, Öcalan announced the end of the PKK ceasefire. 2710: 2582: 1421: 1338: 828: 25219: 25148: 24819: 24681: 24569: 23875: 23852: 23569: 23528: 23297: 23230: 23210: 23141: 23136: 23081: 23054: 22965: 22938: 22616: 22581: 22092: 21421: 21183: 21153: 21143: 20274: 19038: 19000: 18779: 18766: 18675: 18649: 18541: 18348: 18075: 17627: 17508: 17279: 17206:"Pençe Kartal-2 Harekatı sırasında şehit olan askerler son yolculuğuna uğurlandı" 16728:

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) – Norwegian Refugee Council.

16444: 15808: 15716: 15390: 14911: 14793: 14774: 14444: 13802: 13778: 13752: 13607: 13558: 13158: 12959: 12913: 12685: 12503: 12273: 12232: 12183: 12118: 11810: 11786: 11762: 11723: 11145: 11106: 11003: 10961: 10696: 10653: 10614: 10594: 10561: 10470: 10428: 10350: 10286: 10159:

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) – Norwegian Refugee Council.

10115: 9672: 9387:"If 40,000 Deaths Disqualifies PKK, Should 1.5 Million Deaths Disqualify Turkey?" 9303: 9204: 9165: 9016: 7521: 7487: 7462: 7437: 7433: 7381: 7066: 7054: 6743: 6709: 6679: 6649: 6619: 6589: 6529: 6499: 6469: 6405: 6345: 6280: 6250: 6220: 6160: 6152: 6092: 6070: 6062: 6032: 6002: 5968: 5938: 5908: 5874: 5840: 5810: 5780: 5750: 5720: 5690: 5660: 5630: 5580: 3938: 3806:

The spring of 2016 saw the seasonal uptick in combat activity. In May, a Turkish

3554: 3546: 3237: 3178: 3101: 3100:, and in June of the same year the Turkish military began to pursue the PKK into 3073: 3068: 2906:

The PKK launched its insurgency against the Turkish state on 15 August 1984 with

2879: 2826: 2775: 2425: 2358: 2068: 1799: 1764: 1759: 1425: 1296: 1188: 1168: 523: 116: 22012: 21997: 21992: 21982: 21906: 21876: 21856: 21764: 21688: 21668: 18015:"U.S. Policy In The Mediterranean: Managing The Greece, Turkey, Cyprus Triangle" 16437: 13979: 13771: 13600: 13570: 13487: 13300: 13213: 13183: 12725:"The Big Question: Who is behind the bombings in Turkey, and what do they want?" 8663: 7724:

In early September 1992, PKK militants kidnapped five tourists, including three

7240: 4015:'s capture on 15 February 1999, protests are also held every year on that date. 3926:

president, stated he saw a bullet wound in his son's head. In an interview with

3557:

accused the Assad government of arming the group. In June and August there were

3253:(HADEP) was banned by the Turkish Supreme Court on 13 March 2003 and its leader 3233: 3088:

In December 1995, the PKK announced a second unilateral ceasefire, ahead of the

3033: 2954: 2766: 2483:", or "Kurdish" were officially banned by the Turkish government. Following the 1292: 1204: 888: 864: 840: 816: 25252: 25100: 25043: 24676: 24645: 24266: 23847: 23830: 23825: 23695: 23153: 22933: 22856: 22489: 22257: 22218: 21871: 21861: 21814: 21809: 21799: 21673: 21653: 21148: 20368:"Turkey: monitoring the HPG/PKK's prohibition on using children in hostilities" 18663: 17793: 14768:

Assad hands control of Syria's Kurdish areas to PKK, sparking outrage in Turkey

13689: 12586: 10105: 9744: 7938: 7830: 7826: 7733: 7516:

On 21 January 1994, PKK militants massacred 21 people including 11 children in

7301: 7062: 7034: 6961: 6957: 4071: 4036: 3722: 3229: 3060: 2970: 2882:

against some of its Kurdish citizens. The PKK was rarely able to prevent this.

2862: 2858: 2735: 2651: 2559: 2528: 2262: 1769: 1230: 1111: 1008: 984: 21957: 21936: 21744: 21643: 18407:"Violations in Afrin | Turkish-backed factions plant Hashish in Raju district" 18382: 17920: 17550: 17435: 11348: 10025: 9206:

The Kurdish nationalist movement : opportunity, mobilization and identity

9167:

Everyday occupations experiencing militarism in South Asia and the Middle East

9101: 8324: 7959:

The armed wing of the PKK, signed in October 2008 a Deed of Commitment of the

7316:, stated that the PKK was believed to have been responsible for more than 768 6818: 3754: 3737:

in Syria. The conflict between Turkey and PKK escalated following the 20 July

3659:

welcomed the letter stating that concrete steps will follow PKK's withdrawal.

3621: 3604:

said that the government was conducting negotiations with jailed rebel leader

3583: 2922: 1144: 780: 726: 25432: 25397: 25347: 24779: 24219: 23917: 23649: 23285: 23225: 23126: 22866: 22861: 22494: 22439: 22230: 21789: 21779: 21168: 21133: 19990: 19340: 18798: 18296: 16413: 16098: 15907: 15083: 13172:

Partiya Karkaren Kurdistan (PKK) (Turkey), GROUPS – EUROPE – ACTIVE

12650: 12409: 11846: 11775: 11411: 11356: 9884: 9109: 8332: 7764: 7600: 7540: 7354: 7321:

organization realized that these were damaging their international prestige.

7305: 7244: 7224: 6967:

fighters. Kurdish fighters were beheaded by Turkish special forces soldiers.

6813: 6791: 6258: 3520: 3390: 3372:

villages and forced residents to flee. On 7 October 2007, 40–50 PKK fighters

3093: 3052: 2982: 2950: 2870: 2771: 2532: 1784: 1749: 704: 21749: 21729: 20064:"Chronology of the Important Events in the World/PKK Chronology (1976–2006)" 17693:"Cizre in ruins as Turkey lifts curfew on Kurdish towns – News – Al Jazeera" 17483:"Turkish military guilty of killing family of 9, blamed on PKK for 20 years" 17250:

The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913–1950

15533:"Kurdish militants reportedly shoot down Turkish security forces helicopter" 12147:"Chronology of the Important Events in the World/PKK Chronology (1976–2006)" 11824: 10475:(Rev. ed.). Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 187–9. 10311:[The security of Turkey: Economic cost of separatist PKK terrorism] 9876: 9170:(1st ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 14. 8379: 7867:

resigned because of the death threats while 3 other AK Party politicians in

7860: 7775: 7760: 7444: 3773: 3644: 3471: 2990: 2586: 23616: 23518: 23257: 23215: 22841: 22292: 21804: 21754: 21658: 19991:"Teachers killed in Turkey between 12 September 1980 and 12 September 2000" 16634:

TURKEY: Kurdish teenager convicted as terrorist for attending demonstration

16058: 13716: 12422: 11829:

European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey

9333:"The Defeat of Turkish Hizballah as a Model for Counter-Terrorism Strategy" 8510: 7996: 7889: 7864: 7843: 7807: 7596: 7309: 7257: 7172: 7155: 6930: 6858: 6851: 6787: 5149: 3894: 3864: 3729:, and the Turkey's main pro-Kurdish party, HDP, accused Turkey of allowing 3347:

targeting the tourist industry and on 30 August there was a TAK bombing in

3254: 3005: 2986: 2834: 2818: 2786: 2694: 2663: 2496: 2452: 1629: 1122: 1080: 20145: 15227:"KCK official says PKK not responsible for murders of 2 Turkish policemen" 14786: 11439:"Greek Intelligence and the Capture of PKK Leader Abdullah Ocalan in 1999" 9305:

Characteristics of Turkish Hezbollah: Implications for Policy and Programs

7879: 7631:

in Ankara, killing 15 civilians and 14 soldiers while injuring 60 others.

7185: 3425:

At the start of 2009 Turkey opened its first Kurdish-language TV-channel,

3008:

brought the ceasefire to an end. Five days later, the PKK carried out the

2606: 2451:

A revolutionary group, the PKK was founded in 1978 in the village of Fis,

25412: 25407: 24280: 23738: 23690: 23685: 23414: 23396: 23121: 22432: 21846: 21739: 21648: 19484:"HDP pays respect to PKK suicide bomber who killed 12 people in Istanbul" 15421:"Turkey should ensure immediate access to Cizre by independent observers" 11330:"Disarming, Demobilizing, and Reintegrating the Kurdistan Worker's Party" 10823:(Report). The European Court of Human Rights. 24 March 2014. p. 57. 10186: 9665: 9492: 9413: 8951: 8506:"Donald Trump Wants to Defeat the Islamic State—So He's Arming the Kurds" 8359: 8162:

The Kurds in a Changing Middle East: History, Politics and Representation

7960: 7803: 7473: 6822: 3909: 3856: 3245: 3241: 3037: 2830: 2631: 2590: 1598:

also known as Kurdish Hezbollah or just Hizbullah in Turkey, is a mainly

1441: 1133: 1068: 768: 19228: 19198: 19168: 18789: 18323: 17300: 17187: 16485:"Islam, the Kurds, and Turkey's problems at home and with the neighbors" 15860:"Turkey says militants executed 13, including soldiers, police, in Iraq" 15776: 15760: 13121:

The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity

8295:

Inside Insurgency: Violence, Civilians, and Revolutionary Group Behavior

7737: 7698: 7621: 7408: 3562: 3458: 3406: 2562:. The first insurgency lasted until March 1993, when the PKK declared a 2444:

300 to 450 billion, mostly in military costs. It has also affected

1550:

26,774 killed, 922 injured, 6727 captured, 4781 surrendered (per Turkey)

24437: 24369: 21794: 21734: 18550: 17667:"Turkey eases curfew after assault on PKK rebels leaves Cizre in ruins" 16730:"Need for continued improvement in response to protracted displacement" 14885: 14506:"CHP deputy urges party to boycott Parliament in protest of deputy ban" 12342:"Secret witness reveals identity, shady ties between PKK and Ergenekon" 11393: 10655:

Turkey and the European Union internal dynamics and external challenges

8178: 7771: 7675:

district. killing 16 people and injuring 23 others, all civilians. The

7668: 7336:, the organization's leader, has been claimed to have stated publicly: 7317: 7289: 7196: 3927: 3883:. This failed however, as the PKK has expanded its operations in Iraq. 3662: 3067:(the Kurdish New Year) on 20 March 1995, the Turkish military launched 2635: 2491: 1272: 19600: 11837: 9612:"Kurdish rebels surrender as Turkey reaches out — War in Context" 8914: 8630:"Cautious Turkish PM welcomes Öcalan's call for end to armed struggle" 8361:

Blood and belief : the PKK and the Kurdish fight for independence

7875: 3753:, purportedly retaliating the killing of two policeman in the town of 3446: 21972: 21494: 18488: 18406: 17292: 15477:"Turkey's Campaign Against Kurdish Militants Takes Toll on Civilians" 15249:"Turkish jets target Kurds in Iraq, Islamic State militants in Syria" 12249:

Turkey's Kurds: A Theoretical Analysis of the PKK and Abdullah Ocalan

11756:

Fears of suicide prompt Evren family to remove coup leader's firearms

10223: 8660:"Kurdish separatist group leader Öcalan calls to stop armed struggle" 7795: 7774:. A month later, another group of militants blocked the road between 7729: 7725: 7569: 7285: 3978: 3575: 3511:

as part of a civil disobedience campaign launched by the pro-Kurdish

3499: 3077: 2798: 2639: 2516: 2480: 2471:, and names were banned in Kurdish-inhabited areas. In an attempt to 2441: 2403:

political and cultural rights for Kurds inside the Republic of Turkey

2394: 2343: 2158: 20223:"USA: PKK Taking Children as Weapons in Turkey – Anadolu Türk Haber" 19947:"AKP'li siyasetçilere yönelik PKK tehdidi artıyor | DW | 23.10.2016" 19254: 16511:"28 yıllık terörün insani ve mali bilançosu.../Güncel/milliyet blog" 16155:"Sweden refuses to deny deportations to Turkey as part of NATO deal" 15447:"Scores killed in clashes between Turkish forces and Kurdish rebels" 13846:"Critical week for Turkey as Kurdish initiative comes to Parliament" 13816:"Turkey counts cost of conflict as Kurdish militant battle rages on" 10022:"TÜRKİYE'DE HALEN FAALİYETLERİNE DEVAM EDEN BAŞLICA TERÖR ÖRGÜTLERİ" 7782:, and kidnapped a British tourist. All of them were released later. 7779: 7477: 4451:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 3734: 2479:

as "Mountain Turks" during the 1930s and 1940s. The words "Kurds", "

2424:, which corresponds with southeastern Turkey. The PKK's presence in 127:

Turkish claim: less than 86 PKK members left inside Turkey's borders

25110: 24325: 24093: 24033: 22977: 22304: 19528:"Four dead after car bombing and shootout in Turkish city of Izmir" 15968: 15832: 15813: 15365:"'Lynching Campaign' Targets Kurds in Turkey, HDP Offices Attacked" 13768: 13611: 12318:

The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance

10191: 10079: 9838:"MINA Breaking News – Turkey marks 25 years of Kurd rebellion" 9815: 9662: 7834: 7694: 7687: 7660:

perpetrated by PKK members who targeted an armored police vehicle.

7603:

killing 9 people and injuring more than 121 others, all civilians.

7585: 7565:

and killed 6 people including a civilian while injuring 10 others.

7293: 7253: 6831: 5143: 3733:(ISIL) soldiers to cross its border and attack the Kurdish city of 3634: 3340: 3299: 3236:

to leave the organisation. The three major traditionalist leaders,

3217: 3097: 2974: 2926: 2802: 2602: 2520: 2468: 2398: 1602: 22987: 19040:

Turkey: facing a new millennium: Coping with intertwined conflicts

14458:"AK Party won, now Kurds win; here's why by Abdulla Hawez Abdulla" 14233:"Seven soldiers killed, seventeen wounded in clashes in SE Turkey" 13946:. 16 December 2009. Archived from the original on 18 December 2009 10309:"Türkiye'nin güvenliği: Ayrılıkçı PKK Terörünün Ekonomik Maliyeti" 7837:, who broke with Öcalan and left the organization in 1987 stated: 7702: 7686:

targeting security officers perperated by TAK occurred in central

7609:

On 20 September 2011, 3 people died and 34 people were injured in

7369:

On 23 January 1987, PKK militias committed a massacre in Ortabağ,

7091:(PKK) "terrorists" to press. In 1995, another report published by 2699:

fighting between leftist and rightist groups in Turkey (1978–1980)

2554:

by a group of special forces personnel and taken to Turkey, where

287: 40: 18695:

Doğruhaber Gazetesi – haber, haberler, sondakika haber, haberleri

18579:"Rights Group Decries Missed Opportunity to Prosecute PKK Leader" 18153:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 17993:"Karakol bahçesinden 7 kişinin kemikleri çıktı | BirGün Gazetesi" 15864: 15730:"Turkey will drain 'terror swamp' in Iraq's Qandil, Erdogan says" 15391:"Turkey Kurds: Many dead in Cizre violence as MPs' march blocked" 14560: 13152:

PKK Changes Battlefield Tactics to Force Turkey into Negotiations

12112:

Turkey: Government Under Growing Pressure To Meet Kurdish Demands

10963:

Kurdish awakening : nation building in a fragmented homeland

9414:"Greener Pastures for Bruce Fein: The Kurdish Conflict in Turkey" 8454:"Fighting ISIS: The Road to and beyond Raqqa | Crisis Group" 7976: 7624:, killing five policemen and three civilians, including a child. 7551: 7127: 7017: 3811: 3479: 3368: 3344: 3265:, a pan-Kurdish umbrella organisation which includes the PKK. Ex- 3130: 2790: 2722: 2667: 2655: 2547: 2354: 433: 24283:

and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each

16193:

Blood and Belief: The PKK and the Kurdish Fight for Independence

7620:

On 18 October 2011, a bomb planted by PKK militants exploded in

3810:

helicopter was documented shot down by a PKK-fired Russian made

23375: 22982: 22175: 22170: 20531: 18359: 17840:

From Bullets to Ballots: Violent Muslim Movements in Transition

17551:"Weapons transfers and violations of the laws of war in Turkey" 14207:"Erdogan Says PKK Will "Drown in Blood" After Deaths (Update1)" 11715:

A modern history of the Kurds, By David McDowall, page 415, at

10738: 8217: 7992: 7868: 7833:. Hüseyin Yıldırım, a lawyer and the PKK's former spokesman in 7639: 7614: 7426: 7385: 7214:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

7165:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

7114: 6854: 6439: 4000: 3993: 3843:. HBDH reported that they had killed 11 Turkish riot police in 3750: 3675: 3640: 3348: 3307: 3303: 3126: 3118: 2878:

base likely created incentives for the government to engage in

2687: 2671: 2594: 2499: 2382: 1075: 1063: 1051: 1039: 1027: 1015: 1003: 991: 979: 967: 955: 943: 931: 919: 907: 895: 883: 871: 859: 847: 835: 823: 811: 799: 787: 775: 763: 751: 741: 152: 147: 19849:"PKK militants kidnap British tourist in Turkey – Turkey News" 19797:"Kurdish families protest against PKK over kidnapped children" 18716:"Terrorism Threat Against Humanity and Democracy The PKK Case" 18199:"VIDEO: Turkish Army executes two female PKK prisoners of war" 17907:

HRW: The Kurds of Turkey: Killings, Disappearances and Torture

14678:"42 Turkish soldiers killed, wounded in Kurdish rebels attack" 10048:"Kurdish PKK leader: We will not withdraw our autonomy demand" 7874:

In March 1984, 4 people from the same family were executed in

6821:"Turkification, Islamization and Modernization". The evolving 3628:

in Paris, revealing Öcalan's talks with the pro-Kurdish party

2647: 23424: 20883: 20653: 17525:

Weapons Transfers and Violations of the Laws of War in Turkey

17045:"Turkey (2003 — First deaths for this phase of the conflict)" 16985:"Twenty-five killed in clashes between Turkish soldiers, PKK" 16707:"Conflict Studies Journal at the University of New Brunswick" 15964:"HSM: İşgalci Türk devleti esirleri imha etmek için saldırdı" 13023:"Court evidence reveals KCK terror network is worse than PKK" 12457:

Martyrs, Traitors, and Patriots: Kurdistan After the Gulf War

11227:"PKK claims deadly suicide bombing at Turkish police station" 10251:"Iraq enforces border positions to prevent Turkish advance |" 9335:. the Department of National Security Affairs. Archived from 9048:"The Kurdistan Freedom Falcons Emerges as a Rival to the PKK" 7650: 7562: 7517: 7392: 7038: 6978: 6739: 6559: 6375: 6341: 6310: 6190: 6186: 3988: 3792: 3762: 3426: 3336: 3318:(which killed five), although the PKK denied responsibility. 3134: 3122: 2915: 2746: 2718: 2706: 2675: 2598: 2551: 2476: 2436:

has led to similar activity there. The conflict has cost the

2364: 1599: 407: 83: 17786: 17398:"Justice Comes from European Court for a Kurdish Journalist" 14964: 14315:"PKK: Twelve Turkish soldiers killed in retaliatory attacks" 12698:"PŞK KDP PARTİYA ŞOREŞA KÜDİSTAN (KÜRDİSTAN DEVRİM PARTİSİ)" 11080:"Justice Comes from European Court for a Kurdish Journalist" 8063:

Merged with the Revolutionary Communard Party (DKP) in 2017.

6960:

soldiers who posed for camera with the severed heads of the

62:(45 years, 10 months, 1 week and 4 days) 20496: 18974:"THE KURDS OF TURKEY: KILLINGS, DISAPPEARANCES AND TORTURE" 18148:"Report on the human rights situation in South-East Turkey" 18102:"Report on the human rights situation in South-East Turkey" 17900:"THE KURDS OF TURKEY: KILLINGS, DISAPPEARANCES AND TORTURE" 14556:"Turkey says 90–100 Kurd rebels killed in north Iraq raids" 13685:"Turkish jets bomb Kurdish rebel hideouts in northern Iraq" 11643:"Report on the human rights situation in South-East Turkey" 10563:

Diasporas and Homeland Conflicts: A Comparative Perspective

10109:

Sex Scandal Shake-Up Reinvigorates Turkish Opposition Party

9442:. Middle-east-online.com. 28 September 2010. Archived from 6435: 6182: 3880: 3679: 3566: 3414: 2899: 2643: 1494: 87: 79: 20394:"THE GLOBAL AFGHAN OPIUM TRADE : A Threat Assessment" 19900:"Rewards for Justice – Wanted for Terrorism – Cemil Bayik" 16681:"Federal Judge Rules Part Of Patriot Act Unconstitutional" 15655:"Three police officers killed in attack in Turkey's north" 13907:"Outline of Kurdish initiative emerges at security summit" 12226:

Prosecutors look into links between suspicious army deaths

12177:

Internationalism is the only response to the Kurdish issue

10527:(1. publ. ed.). Westport, Conn.: Praeger. p. 3. 9135: 8683: 8681: 7912:

On 25 November 2017, PKK executed 2 of its own members in

7388:, killing more than 30 people, mainly women and children. 7276:

A primary school arsoned by PKK militias on 6 January 2016

7133:

patterns of human rights violations by the Turkish state.

3331:

and shut down many schools and businesses. In August, the

20169: 18765:Özçağlayan, Mehmet; Yavuz Çakıcı, Filiz (1 August 2019). 17787:

Steinvorth, Daniel; Musharbash, Yassin (12 August 2010).

16883:

https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1429002

16412:(in Turkish). Ministry of Education. 2000. Archived from 15275:"We really can't succeed against ISIL without Turkey: US" 14807:"Bloodiest PKK Fight in Years Kill Dozens, 6 August 2012" 14404:"Riots in South-Eastern Turkey after Military Operations" 12040:

PKK'ya Dayatılan Tasfiyecilik ve Tasfiyeciligin Tasfiyesi

11108:

The Kurds of Turkey: killings, disappearances and torture

10919: 10917: 7759:

of the town hall in the southeastern Turkish province of

7645:

On 27 April 2016, Eser Cali, a female member of the TAK,

19440:"Diyarbakır patlamasını PKK üstlendi köylüleri suçladı!" 19329:"Ankara bombing: Kurdish militants claim responsibility" 15565:"PKK ve 9 örgütün oluşturduğu grup o saldırıyı üstlendi" 11182: 10130:"PKK Expanding Urban Bombing Campaign in Western Turkey" 8797:"Turkey neutralizes most-wanted PKK terrorist in N Iraq" 8029:

List of Turkish Armed Forces operations in Northern Iraq

7846:(old training camps). If you dig, you will find corpses. 6857:

during the conflict. Former French ambassador to Turkey

5583:. This is the main incident out of the ceasefire period. 3937:

began involving a cross border offensive operation into

3549:

ceded control of several Kurdish cities in Syria to the

20275:"Refworld – Child Soldiers Global Report 2001 – Turkey" 19921:"PKK'da Öcalan'ın diktatörlüğünü reddedenler öldürüldü" 18514:. NY, USA: New York University Press. pp. 115–120. 17522:

Ron, James; Watch (Organization), Human Rights (1995).

17521: 17162:"March 2018 The Return Of The Islamic State Insurgency" 17108:"Zeytin Dalı Harekatı'nda 6 bin 370 terörist öldürüldü" 16931:"Turkish jets 'neutralize' 6 PKK terrorists in N. Iraq" 11972:

Casier, Marlies; Jongerden, Joost (13 September 2010).

11549: 11547: 9711:"Turkish military's best and brightest now behind bars" 8689:"Ocalan's farewell to arms brings Kurds hope for peace" 8678: 8652: 8622: 8596: 8364:. New York: New York University Press. pp. 44–48. 7243:

had employed contract killers from the Grey Wolves and

3772:

Turkish police announcing seizure of PKK ammunition in

3523:. On 17 August 2011, the Turkish Armed Forces launched 2895: 2865:, the first supreme military commander of the PKK, and 2581:, in which the PKK killed two Turkish policemen in the 2459:. The initial reason given by the PKK for this was the 342:

Some Kurdish tribes (until 1985; became Village Guards)

18764: 15595:"HBDH claims responsibility for the action in Giresun" 14263:"PKK says offers Turkey disarmament "with conditions"" 13050: 13048: 11804:

1980 coup leader's defense arguments not legally sound

10955: 10953: 10932:(1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 10914: 9685:"Kurdish rebels say they shot down Turkish helicopter" 7373:

killing 8 civilians including 4 women and 2 children.

7223:

In October 2019, nine people were executed, including

5566: 5559: 5542: 5335: 5329: 2953:

and the General Commander of the Turkish Gendarmerie,

2713:

on 25 December 1978 in what would become known as the

19747:

Women as Terrorists: Mothers, Recruiters, and Martyrs

14934: 14488:"Kurds raise profile, gain seats in Turkish assembly" 14010:"Dozens of Turkey's pro Kurdish BDP members arrested" 11147:

Turkey : violations of free expression in Turkey

10997: 10995: 9209:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 81. 7591:

On 22 May 2007, a PKK member Güven Akkuş carried out

7443:

On 26 June 1992, 30 PKK militants raided a mosque in

3047:

To counter the PKK, the Turkish military started new

1561:

40,000+ killed, captured, or surrendered (per Turkey)

18319:"State Gangs Like a Garbage Dump Waiting to Explode" 18080: 17090:"Afrin'de 4 bin 448 terörist etkisiz hale getirildi" 15106:"Anatomy of Protests against the invasion of Kobani" 13659:"Turkish air force in major attack on Kurdish camps" 11544: 9840:. Macedoniaonline.eu. 15 August 2009. Archived from 9785:"Turkey says determined to uproot Kurdish rebellion" 9086:"Terrorism versus insurgency: a conceptual analysis" 7757:

a group of Kurdish families staged a sit-in in front

7239:

in the mid-1990s, it was revealed the government of

3821:, an umbrella organization built around the Kurdish 3152: 3129:. He was eventually brought to the Greek embassy in 2925:

agreed to negotiations with the PKK, after the 1991

2774:

in Diyarbakır Prison. In 1983, the conflict reached

24323: 19626:"Son dakika! Hatay'ın İskenderun ilçesinde patlama" 19462:"Diyarbakır'daki patlamayla ilgili önemli gelişme!" 18094: 18043: 17766: 17764: 16683:. Associated Press. 22 January 2004. Archived from 16649:"Humanitarian Law Project v. U.S. Dept. of Justice" 16054:"The killing of captives in Garê and its aftermath" 15166:"Three Turkish soldiers killed in southeast Turkey" 14289:"Turkish army kills 46 PKK militants in last month" 13552:

TURKEY PREPARES FOR CROSS-BORDER MILITARY OPERATION

13366:"Anafartalar saldırısında ölü sayısı 7'ye yükseldi" 13045: 12907:

Leading PKK Commander Cemil Bayik Crosses into Iran

12787:"Turkish Hezbollah (Hizbullah) / Kurdish Hezbollah" 10950: 10300: 9741:"Turkish crackdown fails to halt Kurdish rebellion" 9466:"Turkey looks to Iraq to help end Kurdish conflict" 9243:"Turkish Hezbollah (Hizbullah) / Kurdish Hezbollah" 3145:operation and brought to Turkey, which resulted in 3083: 2785:On 25 October 1986, the third Congress was held in 21239:December 2007 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 19281:"32 injured in apparent suicide bombing in Turkey" 19079:"Letter to Italian Prime Minister Massimo D'Alema" 18255:"Looking back at the Susurluk scandal 21 years on" 17188:"Pençe-Kartal Operasyonu'nda 81 hedef imha edildi" 16596: 16482: 16410:"2000 Yılında MEB-Öğretmenlere Yönelik Çalışmalar" 16289:"MOBILIZING THE KURDS IN TURKEY: NEWROZ AS A MYTH" 14366: 14173: 13796:"15 Turkish Soldiers Dead in Fighting With Rebels" 12107: 12105: 11585:"U.N. Accuses Turkey of Killing Hundreds of Kurds" 11039: 11037: 10992: 10925: 10889: 9115:National Police, Intelligence Department Database. 9041: 9039: 9037: 8480:"Soros'un kurduğu örgüt: YPG, PKK'nın Suriye kolu" 7767:to demand the return of their kidnapped children. 7649:near an Ottoman-era mosque in the Turkish city of 7634:On 13 March 2016, a member of the TAK carried out 7561:On 29 October 1996, a suicide bombing occurred in 6956:newspaper published in its front-page pictures of 3879:to eliminate the Kurdish PKK fighters in northern 24061:Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present) 19669:. Archived from the original on 15 September 2007 18503: 17015:"38 killed in PKK attack on Turkish border posts" 16773:"İşte Yıllara Göre Etkisiz Hale Getirilen PKK'lı" 15028:"Kandil açıklaması meclis'te tansiyonu yükseltti" 14540:. Associated Press. 1 August 2011. Archived from 13622: 13620: 12141: 12139: 12137: 12135: 12133: 12131: 12129: 12127: 12121:, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 17 August 2005 11001: 10075:"PKK 'would disarm for Kurdish rights in Turkey'" 8604:"Turkey: PKK leader calls halt to armed struggle" 7539:. Seven of the victims were members of the local 7497:stated in a letter to the Italian Prime Minister 7353:. Seven of the victims were members of the local 7002:, a war crime under the 1949 Geneva Conventions. 3908:On 14 February 2021, Turkish Minister of Defense 2997:(HEP) were also present at the press conference. 25430: 25073:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency (2004–present) 24656:East Indonesia Mujahideen insurgency (2015–2022) 21079:August 1986 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 20273:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 19686:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 18874:"Kurdish Rebels Kill 20 In 2 Villages in Turkey" 18631: 18057: 17967:"Karakol yakını kazıdan 12 insan iskeleti çıktı" 17761: 17752:Letter to Italian Prime Minister Massimo D'Alema 17626:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 17509:"Refworld | Chronology for Kurds in Turkey" 15082:(in Turkish). T24. 25 April 2013. Archived from 14450: 14438:Thousands detained in eastern Turkey since March 13808: 12582:"U.S. Helped Turkey Find and Capture Kurd Rebel" 12573: 12272:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 11933:The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East 11691:"Abdullah Öcalan and the development of the PKK" 11398:"U.S. Helped Turkey Find and Capture Kurd Rebel" 10960:Neuberger, Benyamin (2014). Bengio, Ofra (ed.). 7973:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 6850:Both Turkey and the PKK have committed numerous 6021:459 (23), Berçela, Zap and Metina Camp destroyed 5649:Unknown, all militants in the region neutralized 5144:Since 2013: from ceasefire to new confrontations 3875:Kurdish militia. In March 2018, Turkey launched 2292: 25248:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present) 25039:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present) 24455:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present) 24214:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) 21432:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria 21372:March 2016 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 21089:March 1987 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 20094:"PKK önce infaz etti, sonra başsağlığı diledi!" 20056: 16450: 15685:"Erdogan: Operation in Syria's Afrin has begun" 15305:"Turkey Says It Struck Kurdish Forces in Syria" 15194: 14998:"Kurdish Group to Pull Armed Units from Turkey" 14972:"Turkish capital Ankara hit by twin explosions" 14799: 14648:"26 Turkish soldiers killed in Kurdish attacks" 14255: 13629:"Turkey army launches land offensive into Iraq" 13146: 13144: 13142: 13140: 12902: 12900: 12306:, Taylor & Francis, 9 August 2010. pp. 94–5 12102: 11971: 11150:. 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(2019). 7470:massacred 33 unarmed recruits and 5 civilians 7468:On 24 May 1993, a group of 150 PKK militants 7267: 6873: 3433:were held in Turkey in which the pro-Kurdish 2381:is an armed conflict between the Republic of 2278: 1645: 24433:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018) 24428:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) 24382:Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–present) 22067:Monument of the Martyrs of Internal Security 21611:2009–2010 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire 20751:Democratic Society Coordination of Kurdistan 20172:"İlçeyi karıştıran iddia! PKK infaz etti..." 18435:"Condemnation of Ankara terror attack grows" 18142: 18140: 18117: 16799:"Köy korucuları: Kürtleri PKK'dan koruyoruz" 16643: 16641: 16626: 16624: 16394:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 16087:"Opinion | Turkey Shows What NATO Really Is" 15507:"Turkey: Mounting Security Operation Deaths" 15136:"Kurdish Hizbullah pushed back to the scene" 15054:"Kandil'in Kararına Meclis'ten İlk Tepkiler" 15030:(in Turkish). İnternethaber. 25 April 2013. 14878: 14670: 14498: 14480: 13358: 13271:"Kurd rebels vow to turn Turkey 'into hell'" 13137: 13118: 12897: 11436: 11074: 11072: 10511:, (Cambridge University Press, 1999), 90–91. 10363:Brauns, Nicholas; Kiechle, Brigitte (2010). 9468:. Euronews.net. 16 June 2010. 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Archived from 16673: 16433: 16431: 16347:"Turkey: PKK have killed 14,000 since 1984" 15884: 14990: 14396: 14374:"Three killed in clash in Southeast Turkey" 13940:"Turkey's Kurd initiative goes up in smoke" 13929: 13462:"PKK Suspects Held Over Foiled Ankara Bomb" 13054: 12674: 12672: 12579: 12274:"Refworld | Chronology for Kurds in Turkey" 12065: 12063: 11967: 11965: 11925: 11923: 11921: 11919: 11917: 11915: 11685: 11683: 11681: 11679: 11677: 11675: 11673: 11467: 11251: 11249: 11247: 11008:. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 98. 11002:Gunes, Cengiz; Zeydanlioğlu, Welat (2014). 10758: 10619:. Cambridge University Press. p. 134. 10163:. Internal-displacement.org. Archived from 10072: 10003: 10001: 9916: 9914: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9906: 9904: 9902: 9163: 9120: 9079: 9077: 9075: 8913:. My Sinchew. 19 April 2010. Archived from 8743:. Hurriyetdailynews.com. 14 November 2017. 8039:Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War 7855:. In September 2016, AK Party governors of 7693:On 5 January 2017, PKK members detonated a 7554:, killing 8 people and injuring 29 others. 7524:and claimed responsibility for the attack. 6830:provided a comfortable pretext for Turkish 3867:in Northern Syria, against the Kurdish-led 3713:Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War 3224:struggle forcing reformist leaders such as 2939:a cross-border operation into Northern Iraq 2229:1991–2004 Kurdish–Turkish peace initiatives 45:Overview of the PKK–Turkish conflict (2010) 24915:Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015) 24365:2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 24360:2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 24316: 24302: 23368: 23354: 22160: 22146: 21284:August 2011 Turkey–Iraq cross-border raids 20489: 20475: 20414: 20334: 20300:"Child Soldiers : Global Report 2008" 20170:DOĞUBAYAZIT (Ağrı), (DHA) (28 June 2018). 19743: 19601:"Turkey: Explosion in downtown Iskenderun" 19139:"13 shoppers die in Istanbul arson attack" 18523: 18521: 18360:Bovenkerk, Frank; Yeşilgöz, Yücel (2004). 17745: 17716: 17369:"Police arrest and assistance of a lawyer" 16895:"Kan Uykusu destanı!/Güncel/milliyet blog" 16699: 16199: 16177: 16028:"Şehidin babası: Bu insanlık dışı bir şey" 15758: 14948:(in Turkish). 5 March 2013. 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Sabah News Agency. 28 December 2015. 7629:a car bomb perpetrated by TAK detonated 3707:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–present) 2725:where he made contacts with Syrian and 2234:1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire 1426: 1297: 1189: 1169: 25431: 24815:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes 24413:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes 23090: 22113:Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey 20884:Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement 20727:National Liberation Front of Kurdistan 19985: 19983: 19667:"PKK Recruitment of Female Operatives" 19476: 19326: 18814:"Terör kurbanları 22 yıl sonra anıldı" 18654: 18527: 18196: 18174:Political Violence and Kurds in Turkey 18120:"Turkey: a history of sexual violence" 18053:. 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Archived from 8357: 6911:village and destroyed all 136 houses. 6845: 6808:Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey 5590: 3871:in Syria (PYD) and the U.S.-supported 3232:and Abdullah Öcalan's younger brother 2717:. In Summer 1979, Öcalan travelled to 2455:by a group of Kurdish students led by 24963:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024) 24502:Maldives political crisis (2011–2013) 24423:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 24355:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 24297: 23349: 22141: 20739:People's Liberation Army of Kurdistan 20470: 19520: 19437: 18680: 18509: 18316: 18227: 18171: 17421: 17247: 16281: 16246: 16084: 15994: 15914:from the original on 17 February 2021 15872:from the original on 14 February 2021 15367:. Armenian Weekly. 9 September 2015. 15345:from the original on 26 November 2015 15315:from the original on 27 December 2016 15285:from the original on 21 November 2015 15056:(in Turkish). Haber3. 25 April 2013. 14892:from the original on 31 December 2012 14862:. 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Archived from 13665:from the original on 17 August 2009 13498:from the original on 15 August 2024 12473: 12433:from the original on 15 August 2024 12334: 12284:from the original on 4 October 2020 12237: 12090:from the original on 15 August 2024 12019:from the original on 15 August 2024 11950:from the original on 15 August 2024 11532:from the original on 15 August 2024 11164:from the original on 15 August 2024 11125:from the original on 15 August 2024 11086:from the original on 3 October 2020 10818:Case of Benzer and others v. Turkey 10676:from the original on 15 August 2024 10633:from the original on 15 August 2024 10541:from the original on 15 August 2024 10524:Contemporary Turkish foreign policy 10127: 9980:"A Report on the PKK and Terrorism" 9618:from the original on 9 October 2011 9610:Birch, Nicholas (20 October 2009). 9529:from the original on 15 August 2024 9491:Head, Jonathan (13 November 2009). 9360:"A New Front in the PKK Insurgency" 9312:from the original on 15 August 2024 9223:from the original on 15 August 2024 9184:from the original on 15 August 2024 9146:from the original on 15 August 2024 9136:International Crisis Group (2018), 9045: 8940: 8133:Doğan, Zülfikar (5 February 2016). 7712:in İskenderun injured 2 civilians. 7230: 6941:victims. The event is known as the 5789:October 1992 Cross-border operation 3498:A demonstration against the PKK in 3044:aimed at stopping the peace plans. 2885: 2760:Torture in Turkey#Deaths in custody 2705:militia killed 109 and injured 176 2701:. During this time, the right-wing 2379:Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency 2339:Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency 26:Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency 13: 25215:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present) 25184:South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000) 25144:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present) 25094:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997 25089:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003) 24460:Insurgency in Sindh (2010–present) 24170:Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present) 23595:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 19255:"Five die in Istanbul bus bombing" 16967:"Terör yuvalarına 'Pençe' darbesi" 16257:"Protesting as a Terrorist Offens" 16066:from the original on 11 April 2021 15783:from the original on 25 March 2023 15740:from the original on 18 April 2021 15691:from the original on 6 August 2018 15207:from the original on 29 April 2018 14942:"Here's what was talked in İmralı" 14787:Turkey accuses Assad of arming PKK 14384:from the original on 16 March 2011 14342:"PKK Revokes Cease-Fire in Turkey" 14340:Champion, Marc (3 February 2011). 14016:from the original on 1 August 2012 13990:from the original on 20 April 2010 13887:from the original on 9 August 2020 13772:"Istanbul rocked by twin bombings" 13581:from the original on 20 April 2010 13571:"Turkish MPs back attacks in Iraq" 13488:"Seven Turks killed in rebel raid" 13311:from the original on 25 March 2023 13301:"One injured in Turkey bomb blast" 13224:from the original on 20 April 2010 13194:from the original on 27 April 2020 12735:from the original on 6 August 2011 12723:Huggler, Justin (30 August 2006). 11930:Phillips, David L. (5 July 2017). 11853:from the original on 17 April 2021 11623:from the original on 29 March 2021 10842: 10489:from the original on 30 March 2023 10231:from the original on 25 March 2021 10187:"Iraq warns Turkey over incursion" 10161:"The Kurdish conflict (1984–2006)" 9550:"Would Turkey intervene in Syria?" 9517:Kinzer, Stephen (3 January 2011). 9493:"Turkey unveils reforms for Kurds" 8962:from the original on 28 April 2008 8460:from the original on 28 April 2017 8408:from the original on 19 April 2019 7642:, killing more than 37 civilians. 7380:in the village of Pınarcık in the 7044: 6834:to implement such ideas, and in a 6051:190, Haftanin Camp heavily damaged 5759:August 1992 Cross-border operation 5669:August 1986 Cross-border Operation 5174:Individuals of Unknown Affiliation 2908:armed attacks on Eruh and Semdinli 313:National Intelligence Organization 14: 25515: 24910:Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997) 24731:Indonesian occupation (1975–1999) 24544:Xinjiang conflict (1960s–present) 24007:1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt 21309:September 2012 Beytüşşebap attack 20763:Workers' Women Party of Kurdistan 19303:"Timeline: PKK attacks in Turkey" 19141:. Independent UK. 14 March 1999. 18362:"The Turkish Mafia and the State" 18285:"Bit by bit, ugly facts come out" 18197:Tomson, Chris (29 October 2016). 17953:Enforced Disappearances in Turkey 17771:Turkey: Human Rights Developments 17248:Üngör, Ugur Ümit (1 March 2012). 16135:from the original on 29 June 2022 16052:Evin, Mehveş (26 February 2021). 16007:from the original on 6 March 2021 15976:from the original on 4 March 2021 15172:. 25 October 2014. Archived from 14744:from the original on 10 July 2016 14628:from the original on 7 April 2023 14354:from the original on 26 June 2015 14135:from the original on 28 July 2011 14049:from the original on 21 July 2016 13852:. 9 November 2009. Archived from 13693:. 15 January 2008. Archived from 13410:from the original on 21 June 2007 13334:"Bombalı saldırıda sürpriz tanık" 13214:"Kurds 'deny' Turkey resort bomb" 13184:"Turkish resort blast kills five" 12953:CASE OF HADEP AND DEMİR v. TURKEY 12767:from the original on 4 March 2016 12373:Human Rights Foundation of Turkey 12350:. 6 November 2012. Archived from 12316:Gunes, Cengiz (11 January 2013). 11899:Human Rights Foundation of Turkey 11418:from the original on 6 March 2021 11337:American Foreign Policy Interests 11309:from the original on 29 June 2021 10851: 10295:Federation of American Scientists 10054:from the original on 31 July 2012 9743:. 1 November 1992. Archived from 9283:from the original on 25 July 2015 9164:Visweswaran, Kamala, ed. (2013). 8956:Federation of American Scientists 8544:from the original on 27 June 2024 8486:from the original on 27 June 2024 8434:from the original on 27 June 2024 7927: 7882:accused them of being informers. 7749:Federation of American Scientists 6836:Settlement Law was issued in 1934 5905:5 November 1993 – 28 January 1994 5739:Unknown, multiple camps destroyed 5699:March 1987 Cross-border Operation 3153:Unilateral cease-fire (1999–2003) 3147:major protests by Kurds worldwide 2969:on 17 March 1993. Accompanied by 2965:Negotiations led to a unilateral 2807:Kurdistan Popular Liberation Army 2801:. Cooperation with criminals and 2765:In Diyarbakır Prison, PKK member 357:Kurdistan Communities Union (KCK) 25230:Fatah–Hamas conflict (2006–2008) 24580:1994 North Korean nuclear crisis 24481:Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009) 24397:Insurgency in Punjab (1981–1995) 24045:Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s) 23327: 23315: 23303: 23292: 23291: 23279: 22683:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes 22169: 21299:June–August 2012 Hakkari clashes 21210:2000 Turkish Hezbollah crackdown 20933: 20878:Marxist–Leninist Communist Party 20871: 20865:Free Youth Movement of Kurdistan 20853: 20841: 20829: 20817: 20805:Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan 20714: 20701: 20682: 20670: 20524: 20442: 20386: 20328: 20292: 20266: 20240: 20215: 20189: 20163: 20137: 20112: 20086: 20030:"Serxwebûn Mayıs 1987 Sayı 65". 20023: 20008: 19965: 19938: 19913: 19892: 19867: 19841: 19815: 19789: 19771: 19737: 19710:Hunsicker, A. (5 January 2019). 19703: 19644: 19618: 19593: 19568: 19542: 19454: 19410: 19354: 19320: 19295: 19273: 19247: 19235:from the original on 24 May 2007 19217: 19205:from the original on 24 May 2007 19187: 19175:from the original on 25 May 2007 19157: 19106: 19097: 19063:Serxwebûn, November 1993, p. 25. 19057: 19005: 18987: 18925: 18903: 18894: 18866: 18832: 18805: 18758: 18746: 18477: 18399: 18353: 18310: 18277: 18247: 18221: 18190: 18165: 17985: 17959: 17938: 17913: 17857: 17808: 17710: 17685: 17673:. Associated Press. 2 March 2016 17659: 17645: 17597: 17581:. Variant.org.uk. Archived from 17571: 17542: 17501: 17475: 17450: 17361: 17252:. OUP Oxford. pp. 153–154. 17198: 17180: 17154: 17128: 17114: 17100: 17067: 17037: 17007: 16977: 16959: 16941: 16923: 16905: 16887: 16876: 16857: 16839: 16809:from the original on 17 May 2023 16721: 16589: 16556:from the original on 2 June 2020 16503: 16476: 16402: 16369: 16339: 16313: 16222:"Kurds in Turkey – page 16" 16165:from the original on 3 July 2022 16147: 16117: 16105:from the original on 26 May 2022 16078: 16045: 16019: 15988: 15956: 15926: 15852: 15820: 15795: 15752: 15722: 15703: 15677: 15545:from the original on 18 May 2016 15525: 15499: 15487:from the original on 9 July 2017 15469: 15439: 15413: 15383: 15357: 15327: 15297: 15267: 15241: 15219: 15195:Richard Spencer (25 June 2015). 15188: 15158: 15128: 15098: 15072: 15046: 15020: 14904: 14852: 14829: 14780: 14756: 14726: 14714:from the original on 9 July 2019 14696: 14426: 14307: 14199: 14147: 14125:"PKK steps up attacks in Turkey" 14117: 14087: 14061: 14035:Arsu, Sebnem (8 December 2009). 14028: 14002: 13899: 13868: 13838: 13762: 13739: 13709: 13651: 13601:Turkish raids along Iraqi border 13593: 13563: 13510: 13480: 13454: 13442:from the original on 6 July 2007 13378:from the original on 9 June 2007 13346:from the original on 4 June 2007 13293: 13262: 13236: 13206: 13176: 13164: 13112: 13015: 12991: 12965: 12945: 12919: 12867: 12840: 12809: 12747: 12716: 12690: 12620:. News24.com. 17 February 2010. 12614:"On this day – February 17" 12606: 12580:Weiner, Tim (20 February 1999). 12448: 12423:"U.S. Cluster Bombs For Turkey?" 12415: 12396: 12296: 12265: 12213: 12188: 12169: 12031: 11992: 11891: 11865: 11823:Bozarslan, Hamit (1 June 2012). 11816: 11792: 11768: 11744: 11635: 11577: 11430: 11386: 11374:from the original on 6 June 2021 11321: 11285: 11204:from the original on 2 June 2022 11176: 11137: 11111:. New York: Human Rights Watch. 11098: 10870:from the original on 2 June 2020 10830:from the original on 3 June 2020 9761:. Thenational.ae. Archived from 9721:from the original on 17 May 2021 9666:Turkey may ban Kurdish DTP party 8988:from the original on 9 July 2016 8952:"Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)" 8857:"NEWS FROM TURKISH ARMED FORCES" 8721:from the original on 5 June 2024 8518:from the original on 22 May 2017 8307:Belge, Ceren (24 January 2011). 8275:from the original on 7 July 2019 8211: 8106: 7985:Office of Foreign Assets Control 7977:European Police Office (EUROPOL) 7667:took place in Dürümlü hamlet in 6448:Turkish strikes on Sinjar (2018) 6041:July 1994 Cross-border operation 5281:. Attackers unidentified so far. 4421: 4027:Funeral of a baby killed in the 3924:Turkish Human Rights Association 3841:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt 3749:bases in Syria's Kurdish region 3439:PKK declared its sixth ceasefire 3401:erupted as the PKK attacked the 3203:Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan 3084:Unilateral ceasefire (1995–1996) 2109:Claw-Lightning & Thunderbolt 1589: 1510: 1435: 1415: 1394: 1374: 1353: 1332: 1319: 1306: 1286: 1266: 1245: 1224: 1211: 1198: 1178: 1158: 1138: 1127: 1116: 1105: 1094: 1074: 1062: 1050: 1038: 1026: 1014: 1002: 990: 978: 966: 954: 942: 930: 918: 906: 894: 882: 870: 858: 846: 834: 822: 810: 798: 786: 774: 762: 750: 740: 720: 709: 698: 686: 659: 645: 631: 619: 607: 595: 583: 571: 556: 541: 529: 500: 481: 467: 455: 443: 427: 415: 400: 388: 376: 364: 349: 306: 276: 262: 250: 232: 220: 208: 196: 184: 172: 160: 146: 39: 25382:Sinai insurgency (2011–present) 25274:Syrian Civil War (2011–present) 25257:Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2021) 24672:Myanmar conflict (1948–present) 24418:Kashmir conflict (1947–present) 24350:Kashmir conflict (1947–present) 24227:Yemeni civil war (2014–present) 24196:Syrian War spillover in Lebanon 23950:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq 23328: 21407:December 2016 Istanbul bombings 21234:October 2007 clashes in Hakkâri 20775:Free Women's Party of Kurdistan 20757:Free Women's Union of Kurdistan 19972:"Serxwebûn Mart 1984 Sayı 27". 19438:Haber, Internet (15 May 2016). 19418:"ANF – Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firatê" 19043:. Manchester University Press. 18485:"Serxwebûn, issue of June 1987" 18317:Balci, Kemal (30 August 1998). 16864:ÇEKİRGE, Fatih (12 July 2010). 14886:"Yes, we negotiate with Öcalan" 14317:. firatnews.com. Archived from 13877:"Troubles in Turkey's Backyard" 12999:"Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)" 12951:European Court Of Human Rights 12459:. Zed Books. pp. 149–150. 12366:1998 Turkey Human Rights Report 11561:. 21 March 2013. Archived from 11197:Genocide Studies and Prevention 10882: 10688: 10645: 10606: 10553: 10514: 10501: 10420: 10394:. Lexington Books. p. 90. 10381: 10356: 10273: 10243: 10211: 10179: 10121: 10099: 10073:O'Byrne, David (21 July 2010). 10066: 10040: 10014: 9972: 9940: 9856: 9830: 9803: 9777: 9751: 9733: 9703: 9677: 9656: 9630: 9603: 9573: 9541: 9510: 9484: 9458: 9432: 9406: 9378: 9351: 9324: 9295: 9265: 9235: 9196: 9157: 9022: 9000: 8929: 8903: 8875: 8819: 8789: 8759: 8733: 8707: 8584: 8556: 8530: 8498: 8472: 8446: 8420: 8066: 8057: 7948:In 2008, a report published by 7817: 7250:Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army 6616:16 June 2020 – 5 September 2020 5957:201 (21), Avaşin Camp destroyed 5639:May 1983 Cross-border Operation 4481:General Directorate of Security 3700: 3399:October 2007 clashes in Hakkari 2609:were destroyed in the clashes. 2223:Peace process and peace efforts 1559:4,695 killed (per Crisis Group) 1542:1,488 killed (per Crisis Group) 653:International Freedom Battalion 78:Turkey, spillovers in Northern 25126:ISIL insurgency (2017–present) 25022:Iran–PJAK conflict (2004–2011) 24762:Laotian insurgency (1975–2022) 24757:Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998) 24651:Insurgency in Aceh (1976–2005) 24507:Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006) 21402:Assassination of Deryan Aktert 20733:Liberation Forces OF Kurdistan 20146:"PKK Executes Two Own Members" 19945:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. 19580:Bianet – Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi 19103:Serxwebûn, January 1994, p. 23 18610:. Cambridge University Press. 17717:Ben Thomas (3 December 2019). 17400:. Kurdish Human Rights Project 17376:European Court of Human Rights 17051:. January 2010. Archived from 16831:. 24 June 2010. Archived from 16805:(in Turkish). 3 January 2016. 15938:Bianet – Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi 15233:. 29 July 2015. Archived from 14514:. 23 June 2011. Archived from 13875:Marcus, Aliza (12 July 2010). 13029:. 20 June 2010. Archived from 12975:. Ofkparis.org. Archived from 12651:"PKK/KONGRA-GEL and Terrorism" 12521:Group, Taylor Francis (2004). 12076:. Cambridge University Press. 9587:. 1 March 1999. Archived from 8883:"Turkey's Paramilitary Forces" 8538:"PKK ve PYD Europol raporunda" 8390: 8351: 8300: 8287: 8257: 8227: 8203: 8152: 8135:"Erdogan's new Kurdish allies" 8126: 7715: 7364: 7111:Human Rights Association (İHD) 6307:24 August 2016 – 29 March 2017 6217:25 September – 15 October 1997 5729:August 1991 Clean-up Operation 5619:Kurdish forces dead (captured) 5577:6–8 October 2014 Kurdish riots 5277:security forces killed in the 3509:Kurdish protests across Turkey 3069:another cross-border operation 3042:a covert military coup in 1993 2921:In the early 1990s, President 2504:European Court of Human Rights 2059:Airstrikes in Syria & Iraq 1573:killed (1984–2013, per Turkey) 1: 24646:Papua conflict (1969–present) 23997:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot 23638:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 21224:2005 Kuşadası minibus bombing 19632:(in Turkish). 27 October 2020 19576:"Explosion in Hatay province" 19114:"Hamzalı katliamı unutulmadı" 18900:Serxwebûn, August 1987, p. 2. 18842:The Kurdish Struggle, 1920–94 18118:Meral Duzgun (10 June 2013). 17275:"Turkey's Dream of Democracy" 16991:. 10 May 2008. Archived from 11511:Özcan, Ali Kemal (2012),p.206 10009:A Modern History of the Kurds 9814:. Looklex.com. Archived from 9787:. Kuna.net.kw. 25 June 2010. 9392:American Enterprise Institute 9385:Rubin, Michael (1 May 2023). 8171:10.5040/9781788318907.ch-0007 8120: 8044:A Modern History of the Kurds 7744:, and detained them briefly. 7308:, and for its involvement in 7178: 5863:350+, İki Yaka Camp destroyed 5616:Turkish allies dead (injured) 5613:Turkish forces dead (wounded) 4084:Uppsala Conflict Data Program 4018: 3685: 3596:Kurdish–Turkish peace process 3445:(DTP). In September Turkey's 3316:2005 Kuşadası minibus bombing 2780:Kurdistan Region–PKK conflict 2617: 2542:In February 1999, PKK leader 2461:oppression of Kurds in Turkey 57: 25494:Wars involving the Peshmerga 25348:Yemeni crisis (2011–present) 25116:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) 24788:FULRO insurgency (1964–1992) 24486:JVP insurrection (1987–1989) 24201:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) 24188:Turkish involvement in Syria 24072:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 23903:Political violence in Turkey 23837:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 23744:Yemeni–Adenese clan violence 23623:Italian bombing of Palestine 23585:1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts 23534:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 23174:Intangible cultural heritage 22520:Southeastern Anatolia Region 22352:Proclamation of the republic 22098:Kurdish rebellions in Turkey 21362:February 2016 Ankara bombing 21139:Winter Campaign of 1994–1995 20120:"PKK: Yanlışlıkla öldürüldü" 19165:"Vali açıkladı: Canlı bomba" 18780:10.29224/insanveinsan.453020 18542:10.1080/14683849.2012.686575 17549:Ron, James (November 1995). 17166:Musingsoniraq.blogspot.co.uk 17140:Musingsoniraq.blogspot.co.uk 16544:"The prohibition of torture" 16085:Tugal, Cihan (26 May 2022). 15759:Leezenberg, Michiel (2015). 15719:. Reuters. 16 February 2018. 15335:"The hatred never went away" 13406:(in Turkish). 19 June 2007. 13246:. Al Jazeera. 2 April 2006. 13063:(in Turkish). Archived from 13055:Nedim Şener (24 June 2011). 11144:Panico, Christopher (1999). 10854:"The prohibition of torture" 10315:(in Turkish). Archived from 9090:Crime, Law and Social Change 7950:Child Soldiers International 7794:listed the PKK as a foreign 7413:February 2016 Ankara bombing 7252:was reported to be planting 7122:Turkish membership of the EU 6905: 6556:9 October - 25 November 2019 6081:555 (13), Zap Camp destroyed 5965:27 January – 2 February 1994 5897:400+, Balkaya Camp destroyed 5807:12 October – 5 November 1992 5777:5 October – 15 November 1992 3972: 3666:Kurdish PKK guerilla at the 3632:(HDP) to the public via the 3284: 3028:Under the new Presidency of 2961:Unilateral cease-fire (1993) 2910:. During these attacks, one 2890: 2809:(ARGK). A newly established 2624:Revolutionaries of Kurdistan 2408:The main rebel group is the 2297:Kurdish rebellions in Turkey 1615: 167:Ministry of National Defense 115:since September 2014 due to 7: 25353:Houthi takeover (2014–2015) 25220:Second Intifada (2000–2005) 25166:Syrian arena (2012–present) 25149:Second Intifada (2000–2005) 25066:Syrian arena (2012–present) 25017:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996) 24603:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996) 24539:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996) 24392:Religious violence in India 23453:Turkish War of Independence 23437:Unification of Saudi Arabia 22445:Ancient peoples of Anatolia 21387:May 2016 Diyarbakır bombing 21259:October 2008 Aktütün attack 19879:www.washingtoninstitute.org 19486:. Daily Sabah. 17 June 2016 18755:, APO ve PKK. Istanbul 1992 18638:Turkey campaign (Chapter 3) 18064:Turkey campaign (Chapter 2) 17837:David L., Phillips (2011). 17340:. AuthorHouse. p. 36. 16949:"Pençe-2 harekatı başladı!" 16866:"Öfkenin doldurduğu şarjör" 16549:(Torturing). 2003: 11, 13. 13438:(in Turkish). 4 July 2007. 13374:(in Turkish). 7 June 2007. 13342:(in Turkish). 2 June 2007. 12755:"Turkey Country Assessment" 12482:Gunes, Cengiz (2013), p.134 11693:. Xs4all.nl. Archived from 10280:PKK: Targets and activities 9308:. University of Baltimore. 9029:Iran's Kurdish Threat: PJAK 8034:Maoist insurgency in Turkey 8002: 7812:Rewards for Justice Program 7447:and killed 10 worshippers. 6526:24 August 2019 - 4 May 2020 6402:19 March 2018 – 27 May 2019 6111:89, Haftanin Camp destroyed 4447:the claims made and adding 3827:Gendarmerie General Command 3263:Kurdistan Communities Union 2654:, and Ali Haydar Kaytan to 2418:Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê 2094:Claw-Eagle & Claw-Tiger 283:Gendarmerie General Command 10: 25520: 25403:Operation Inherent Resolve 25225:Gaza–Israel (2006–present) 25161:Iran–Israel (1985–present) 25154:Gaza–Israel (2006–present) 25051:Iran–Israel (1985–present) 25012:Kurdish separatism in Iran 24118:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 24112:Houthi insurgency in Yemen 24101:Balochi insurgency in Iran 24077:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq 23913:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq 23908:Islamist uprising in Syria 23886:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 23775:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 23661:Kurdish separatism in Iran 23580:Goharshad Mosque rebellion 22276:Conquest of Constantinople 22088:Kurdish separatism in Iran 21596:2013–2015 Solution process 21357:February 2016 Lice bombing 21347:Şırnak clashes (2015–2016) 19225:"Görgü tanığı: 10 ölü var" 18176:. Routledge. p. 184. 16829:"26 yılın kanlı bilançosu" 15251:. Fox News. Archived from 13057:"26 yılın kanlı bilançosu" 12429:. HRW.org. December 1994. 12320:. Routledge. p. 133. 12251:. Routledge. p. 205. 12199:. Routledge. p. 183. 11293:"Conflict Profile: Turkey" 9948:"TURKEY AND PKK TERRORISM" 9581:"A Terrorist's Bitter End" 8950:Pike, John (21 May 2004). 7617:which was claimed by TAK. 7268:Abuses by the Kurdish side 7262:Operation Euphrates Shield 7140: 7049:Since its foundation, the 6883: 6877: 6874:Abuses by the Turkish side 6805: 6706:17 April 2022 – 4 May 2022 6372:20 January – 24 March 2018 6319:Operation Euphrates Shield 6141:358, Betkar Camp destroyed 5709:Unknown, 3 camps destroyed 5309: 3976: 3710: 3704: 3689: 3616:of the PKK administrators 3593: 3395:an Istanbul double-bombing 3195:Kurdistan Peoples Congress 2680:Nationalist Movement Party 2612: 2463:. At the time, the use of 2239:2013–2015 Solution process 60:27 November 1978 – present 25390: 25372: 25320: 25289: 25266: 25240: 25207: 25176: 25136: 25081: 25056:South Lebanon (1985–2000) 25004: 24988: 24955: 24948: 24923: 24902: 24876: 24860: 24807: 24800: 24749: 24723: 24702: 24664: 24638: 24622: 24615: 24595: 24575:Maritime border incidents 24557: 24531: 24524: 24494: 24468: 24405: 24342: 24335: 24276: 24239: 24144: 24085: 24025: 23958: 23876:Black September in Jordan 23868: 23767: 23711: 23608: 23552: 23506: 23383: 23275: 23008: 22924: 22817: 22783:The constitutional system 22743: 22698: 22643: 22634: 22528: 22476: 22467: 22420: 22387: 22337: 22315:Second Constitutional Era 22300:Decline and modernization 22256: 22217: 22191: 22182: 22075: 22042: 22035: 21950: 21839: 21832: 21717: 21626: 21619: 21581: 21561: 21493: 21486: 21367:March 2016 Ankara bombing 21317: 21216: 21204: 21061: 21035: 21028: 20951: 20915: 20662: 20652: 20605: 20552:National Security Council 20539: 20522: 20504: 19767:– via Google Books. 19733:– via Google Books. 19694:Global Terrorism Analysis 19037:Nachmani, Amikam (2009). 18921:– via Google Books. 18862:– via Google Books. 18627:– via Google Books. 18383:10.1007/978-1-4020-2765-9 17436:10.1017/S0043887115000398 14443:29 September 2012 at the 13964:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 13746:"Hem karadan hem havadan" 12403:Turkey's war on the Kurds 12117:19 September 2016 at the 12038:Öcalan, Abdullah (2006). 11349:10.1080/10803920802022670 10924:McKiernan, Kevin (2006). 10703:(14 ed.). CQ Press. 10349:15 September 2012 at the 9102:10.1007/s10611-015-9601-7 8325:10.1017/S0020743810001212 7359:suicide attacks in Turkey 6925:On 8 September 1993, the 6769: 5564: 5271: 5250:, Jan. to June, ceasefire 5213: 3782:Peoples' Democratic Party 3630:Peoples' Democratic Party 3517:Peace and Democracy Party 3513:Peace and Democracy Party 3449:-government launched the 3363:In May 2007, there was a 3002:National Security Council 2973:at a press conference in 2568:Turkish state and the PKK 2519:, which include civilian 2502:during the conflict. The 2397:, or attempted to secure 2351: 2306: 1671: 1587: 1565: 1533:6,764 killed (per Turkey) 1522: 1451: 673: 339:(Not militarily involved) 333:(Not militarily involved) 137: 49: 38: 30: 25: 25479:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 25358:Civil War (2014–present) 25307:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 24996:Bahraini uprising (2011) 24692:Civil war (2021–present) 23978:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 23973:1980 Turkish coup d'état 23792:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 23724:1953 Iranian coup d'état 23719:1952 Egyptian revolution 23447:1919 Egyptian revolution 23430:Mount Lebanon starvation 22766:Ministry of the Interior 22751:Administrative divisions 22310:First Constitutional Era 21437:2020 İskenderun shootout 21382:May 2016 Dürümlü bombing 21274:2010 Hakkâri bus bombing 21053:1980 Turkish coup d'état 20336:Wilgenburg, Wladimir van 19716:. Universal-Publishers. 19283:. CNN. 20 September 2011 19195:"Ankara'da patlama FLAŞ" 18464:U.S. Department of State 16483:Derk Kinnane-Roelofsma. 15765:The Arab Studies Journal 14792:8 September 2015 at the 13777:21 November 2020 at the 13606:19 February 2019 at the 12875:"Turkey country profile" 12848:"Armed Conflicts Report" 12527:. Taylor & Francis. 12497:History of PKK in Turkey 11726:, accessed on 1 May 2011 10699:. In Lust, Ellen (ed.). 10509:The Dynamic of Secession 10433:. Springer. p. 96. 10285:6 September 2020 at the 10114:10 November 2013 at the 10011:. London 2005, pp 439 ff 9358:Jenkins, Gareth (2010). 8094:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 8050: 8014:Iranian–Kurdish conflict 7991:on behalf of the PKK in 7935:Human Rights Watch (HRW) 7697:outside a courthouse in 7282:Kurdistan Workers' Party 7171:after being tortured by 6496:13 June - 23 August 2019 5999:19 March – 26 April 1994 5947:Operation Mezi-Karyaderi 4066:Humanitarian Law Project 3891:Women's Protection Units 3863:in the Kurdish-majority 3721:In June 2015, the main 3649:an end to armed struggle 3443:Democratic Society Party 3435:Democratic Society Party 3355:, in February, in Iraq. 3251:People's Democracy Party 2410:Kurdistan Workers' Party 2387:Kurdistan Workers' Party 1663:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 1607:Kurdistan Workers' Party 33:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 25499:Kurdistan Region (Iraq) 25449:21st-century rebellions 25444:20th-century rebellions 25343:South Yemen (2009–2015) 25199:Lebanon conflict (2008) 25121:War in Iraq (2013–2017) 24936:Andijan massacre (2005) 24931:Fergana massacre (1989) 24476:JVP insurrection (1971) 24207:War in Iraq (2013–2017) 24055:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War 24050:Yemeni Civil War (1994) 23860:1966 Syrian coup d'état 23787:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 23628:Allied invasion of Iraq 23575:Saudi–Yemeni War (1934) 23498:Mahmud Barzanji revolts 22713:Parliamentary elections 22515:Eastern Anatolia Region 22510:Central Anatolia Region 22192:Ancient and Middle Ages 22062:Düzce Military Cemetery 21412:2017 Diyarbakır bombing 21332:Operation Martyr Yalçın 21244:2008 Diyarbakır bombing 21124:May 24, 1993 PKK attack 21119:Operation Northern Iraq 20708:People's Defence Forces 20625:Turkish Revenge Brigade 18882:. Reuters. 10 July 1987 18812:A.A (26 January 2009). 17323:. HRW. 2002. p. 7. 16438:Turkey, US, and the PKK 16294:. etd.lib.metu.edu.tr. 15309:The Wall Street Journal 15002:The Wall Street Journal 14347:The Wall Street Journal 12502:28 January 2020 at the 12231:9 November 2013 at the 11999:White, Paul J. (2000). 11809:20 January 2016 at the 11761:20 January 2012 at the 10521:Çelik, Yasemin (1999). 9877:10.1111/1469-8219.00065 9865:Nations and Nationalism 9671:29 October 2013 at the 8019:Syrian-Kurdish conflict 7677:People's Defence Forces 7658:a bombing in Diyarbakır 7576:at a small sized local 7089:Kurdistan Workers Party 6676:23 April 2021 – present 6414:Operation Tigris Shield 6289:Operation Martyr Yalçın 6029:26 July – 3 August 1994 5927:167, 10 camps destroyed 3961:On 13 November 2022, a 3743:Operation Martyr Yalçın 3590:Peace process 2012–2015 3536: 3489: 3464: 3429:, and on 19 March 2009 3420: 3384: 3358: 3333:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks 3321: 3207:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks 3055:of the countryside and 1478:Total Force: 1,000,000+ 548:Sinjar Resistance Units 337:Turkish Revenge Brigade 257:Turkish National Police 25459:21st century in Turkey 25454:20th century in Turkey 24889:2010 Kyrgyz Revolution 24152:2011 Bahraini uprising 24136:South Yemen insurgency 24017:Abu Nidal's executions 24002:1986 Damascus bombings 23781:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 23633:Syria–Lebanon campaign 23403:Middle Eastern theatre 22884:Science and technology 22718:Presidential elections 22199:Prehistory of Anatolia 22083:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 21606:Musa Anter peace train 21442:Operation Claw-Eagle 2 21342:Siege of Silvan (2015) 21304:2012 Gaziantep bombing 21269:2010 İskenderun attack 21254:2008 Istanbul bombings 21189:1999 Istanbul bombings 20943:(until the late 1980s) 18771:İnsan ve İnsan Dergisi 18734:Cite journal requires 18510:Aliza, Marcus (2007). 18172:Orhun, Mehmet (2016). 17528:. Human Rights Watch. 17049:Armed Conflicts Report 16577:Cite journal requires 15807:9 October 2019 at the 14974:. BBC. 20 March 2013. 13157:1 October 2015 at the 12455:Laizer, S. J. (1996). 12195:Orhan, Mehmet (2016). 12042:. Turkey. p. 365. 11616:Turkey: Events of 2016 10469:Hannum, Hurst (1996). 10307:Mutlu, Servet (2008). 9924:. GlobalSecurity.org. 9302:Dogan, Azimet (2008). 9203:Romano, David (2005). 8358:Marcus, Aliza (2007). 8100:as well as the latest 8009:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 7848: 7747:A report published by 7416: 7342: 7277: 7256:in the countryside of 7212:In February 2017, the 7102: 7081: 7053:has pursued variously 6982: 6916:Turkish special forces 6902: 6871: 6765:Airstrikes successful 6658:Operation Claw-Eagle 2 6611:Airstrikes successful 6568:Operation Peace Spring 6461:Airstrikes successful 6384:Operation Olive Branch 6367:Airstrikes successful 6302:Airstrikes successful 6131:Operation Jerma-Betkar 5871:23 – 26 September 1993 4032: 3903:Operation Peace Spring 3898: 3893:(YPJ) fighters in the 3869:Democratic Union Party 3861:cross-border operation 3777: 3717:Operation Olive Branch 3671: 3503: 3294: 3280:Insurgency (2004–2012) 3170: 3162: 3108:Insurgency (1996–1999) 3024:Insurgency (1993–1995) 2903: 2811:Mahsum Korkmaz Academy 1517:Total Served: 250,000+ 674:Commanders and leaders 191:Special Forces Command 25484:Wars involving Turkey 24850:Republican insurgency 24549:Tibetan unrest (2008) 23992:South Yemen civil war 23891:Shatt al-Arab clashes 23816:Mar. 1963 Syrian coup 23805:North Yemen civil war 23754:1958 Iraqi revolution 23681:1948 Arab–Israeli War 23675:Arab–Israeli conflict 23544:Sheikh Said rebellion 23408:Battle of Robat Karim 22879:Free trade agreements 22761:Intelligence Services 22558:North Anatolian Fault 21887:İsmail Hakkı Karadayı 21569:Mothers of Diyarbakır 21279:2010 Istanbul bombing 18674:7 August 2007 at the 18668:Amnesty International 18648:8 August 2007 at the 18642:Amnesty International 18234:www.christianpost.com 18068:Amnesty International 16458:"The Kurds in Turkey" 16443:13 April 2016 at the 15715:26 April 2018 at the 15453:. 29 September 2015. 15397:. 10 September 2015. 15341:. 12 September 2015. 14773:12 March 2013 at the 12881:. 14 September 2010. 12684:23 March 2011 at the 12182:14 April 2013 at the 11738:Le Monde diplomatique 11722:25 March 2023 at the 11184:Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 10613:Aslan, Senem (2014). 10593:20 March 2024 at the 10560:Baser, Bahar (2016). 10227:. 28 September 2020. 8563:Martin van Bruinessen 8241:. 18 September 2015. 8076:is also known as the 7943:Amnesty International 7851:organization such as 7839: 7627:On 17 February 2016, 7411: 7346:Amnesty International 7338: 7332:government behavior. 7275: 7097: 7076: 7061:policies towards the 7000:collective punishment 6995:Amnesty International 6987:Amnesty International 6977: 6936:On 26 March 1994 the 6897: 6884:Further information: 6863: 6806:Further information: 6790:from connecting with 6736:20 - 28 November 2022 6731:Operation successful 6701:Operation successful 6646:10 – 14 February 2021 6641:Operation successful 6581:Operation successful 6551:Operation successful 6521:Operation successful 6491:Operation successful 6466:27 May - 12 June 2019 6427:Operation successful 6397:Operation successful 6333:Operation successful 6272:Operation successful 6242:Operation successful 6212:Operation successful 6174:Operation successful 6144:Operation successful 6114:Operation successful 6084:Operation successful 6059:20 March – 4 May 1995 6054:Operation successful 6024:Operation successful 5994:Operation successful 5960:Operation successful 5930:Operation successful 5900:Operation successful 5866:Operation successful 5832:Operation successful 5802:Operation successful 5772:Operation successful 5742:Operation successful 5712:Operation successful 5682:Operation successful 5652:Operation successful 5575:*: mainly due to the 4078:Before 2012 ceasefire 4026: 3889: 3771: 3665: 3497: 3292: 3168: 3160: 2967:cease-fire by the PKK 2898: 2847:Mehmet Result Altinok 2817:, and a new military 2709:Kurds in the town of 2690:, Elazig, and Antep. 2579:Ceylanpınar incidents 2535:, and involvement in 2485:military coup of 1980 2322:Sheikh Said rebellion 2317:Beytussebab rebellion 1523:Casualties and losses 961:İsmail Hakkı Karadayı 536:Êzîdxan Women's Units 107:Peace process attempt 25504:Rebellions in Turkey 25333:al-Qaeda (1998–2015) 25312:Turkey–ISIL conflict 25111:Iraq War (2003–2011) 24131:Fatah–Hamas conflict 24067:Operation Desert Fox 24040:1991 Iraqi uprisings 24034:Gulf War (1990–1991) 23945:Grand Mosque seizure 23923:Yemenite War of 1979 23881:Yemenite War of 1972 23821:Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup 23811:Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup 23565:Ahmed Barzani revolt 23476:Turkish–Armenian War 23263:World heritage sites 22788:Turkish Armed Forces 22673:Constitutional Court 22587:Flora and vegetation 22565:Environmental issues 22553:East Anatolian Fault 22500:Mediterranean Region 22044:Memorials, monuments 22018:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 21464:Operation Claw-Sword 21337:2015 Hakkari assault 21194:Blue Market massacre 21159:1996 Tunceli bombing 21109:1992 Taşdelen attack 20227:Anadoluturkhaber.com 19698:Jamestown Foundation 19554:www.duvarenglish.com 18913:. Human Rights Watch 18074:14 July 2007 at the 17727:Agence France-Presse 16989:Monsters and Critics 16899:blog.milliyet.com.tr 16687:on 11 September 2015 15868:. 15 February 2021. 15483:. 30 December 2015. 15176:on 23 September 2015 14544:on 1 September 2011. 13986:. 11 December 2009. 13801:21 July 2016 at the 13697:on 16 September 2011 13557:3 March 2016 at the 12912:3 March 2016 at the 11785:21 July 2017 at the 11780:Erdogan pulls it off 11396:(20 February 1999). 10195:. 23 February 2008. 9765:on 14 September 2012 9614:. Warincontext.org. 9416:. Asiantribune.com. 9053:Jamestown Foundation 9015:14 June 2011 at the 8982:"The PKK in Numbers" 8773:. 18 November 2021. 7708:On 26 October 2020, 7324:In the early 1980s, 7011:notes in 1992 that: 6752:Operation Claw-Sword 6628:Operation Claw-Tiger 6598:Operation Claw-Eagle 6179:12 May – 7 July 1997 5935:6 – 13 November 1993 5837:13 – 19 August 1993 5279:Ceylanpınar incident 3967:Operation Claw-Sword 3956:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 3808:Bell AH-1 SuperCobra 3692:2014 Kobanî protests 2995:People's Labor Party 2742:on the Syrian side. 2564:unilateral ceasefire 2558:on an island in the 2556:he remains in prison 2512:forced disappearance 2473:deny their existence 2430:Turkish Armed Forces 2428:has resulted in the 1989:2015 airport bombing 1611:Government of Turkey 1567:Civilian casualties: 1458:Turkish Armed Forces 693:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 239:Turkish Naval Forces 203:Turkish Armed Forces 24512:Operation All Clear 24279:This list includes 24247:2021 Beirut clashes 24107:2004 Qamishli riots 23984:Turkey–PKK conflict 23940:1979 Qatif Uprising 23759:1959 Mosul uprising 23749:1958 Lebanon crisis 23696:1973 Yom Kippur War 23667:Iran crisis of 1946 23655:Al-Wathbah uprising 23645:1943 Barzani revolt 23539:Great Syrian Revolt 23519:Iraqi Revolt (1920) 23442:Simko Shikak revolt 22832:Banking and Finance 22450:History of Anatolia 22347:War of Independence 22339:Republic of Türkiye 22236:Battle of Manzikert 22057:33 Martyrs Memorial 22049:military cemeteries 21820:Sırrı Süreyya Önder 21770:Selahattin Demirtaş 21725:Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar 21469:2023 Ankara bombing 21452:Zakho resort attack 21447:Operation Claw-Lock 21427:2018 Gercüş bombing 21397:2016 Elazığ bombing 21352:Siege of Sur (2016) 21289:2011 Hakkâri attack 21229:2007 Ankara bombing 20460:on 5 November 2021. 20338:(28 October 2013). 20175:www.hurriyet.com.tr 19853:Hürriyet Daily News 19827:Hürriyet Daily News 18938:. 20 January 2016. 18818:www.hurriyet.com.tr 18291:. 29 January 1998. 16995:on 4 September 2012 16870:www.hurriyet.com.tr 16853:on 7 February 2016. 16835:on 29 October 2019. 16756:Hürriyet Daily News 15836:. 10 October 2019. 15538:The Washington Post 15311:. 27 October 2015. 15279:Hurriyet Daily News 15142:. 27 October 2014. 15112:. 18 October 2014. 14952:on 17 December 2013 14918:. 10 January 2013. 14654:. 19 October 2011. 14434:Hurriyet Daily News 14378:Hurriyet Daily News 14237:Hurriyet Daily News 14129:Hurriyet Daily News 14075:on 25 November 2011 13917:on 27 November 2010 13757:Hurriyet Daily News 13751:22 May 2011 at the 13577:. 18 October 2007. 13523:The Washington Post 13435:Hürriyet Daily News 13403:Hürriyet Daily News 13371:Hürriyet Daily News 13339:Hürriyet Daily News 12958:26 May 2011 at the 12506:, 14 September 2009 12493:Hürriyet Daily News 12392:on 5 February 2009. 12354:on 6 November 2012. 11873:"Gundem-online.com" 11789:, 13 September 2010 11697:on 15 December 2010 11526:Hürriyet Daily News 11490:on 12 December 2010 11455:on 12 November 2021 10863:. pp. 11, 13. 10695:Eder, Mine (2016). 10652:Joseph, J. (2006). 10507:Bartkus, Viva Ona, 10427:Balci, Ali (2016). 9747:on 5 November 2012. 9591:on 10 December 2008 8801:Hürriyet Daily News 8771:www.hurriyet.com.tr 8634:Hürriyet Daily News 8074:Turkey–PKK conflict 7939:United Nations (UN) 7736:, near the town of 7436:and in Guroymak in 7218:Southeastern Turkey 7173:Turkish authorities 6867:Ministry of Justice 6846:Human rights abuses 6718:Operation Claw-Lock 6247:21–29 February 2008 5591:External operations 5290:, Jul. to Dec., war 5214:Ceasefire known as 3963:bombing in Istanbul 3935:Operation Claw-Lock 3877:military operations 3578:. According to the 3403:2008 Aktütün attack 3312:hit and run tactics 3032:and Premiership of 2912:Turkish Gendarmerie 2729:leaders. After the 2019:Istanbul (Dec 2016) 2014:Istanbul (Oct 2016) 2009:Istanbul (Jun 2016) 1505:Currently: 116,000+ 290:(until early 1990s) 227:Turkish Land Forces 25418:Colour revolutions 25338:Houthi (2004–2015) 25279:Regional spillover 25189:Lebanon War (2006) 25061:Lebanon War (2006) 23928:Iranian Revolution 23897:Lebanese Civil War 23843:1948 Palestine war 23590:1935 Yazidi revolt 23481:Franco-Turkish War 22889:Telecommunications 22678:Court of Cassation 22379:Multi-party period 22288:Ottoman Old Regime 22209:Byzantine Anatolia 22204:Classical Anatolia 22118:Turkish war crimes 22008:Ahmet Necdet Sezer 21892:Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu 21459:2022 Mersin attack 21392:2016 Cizre bombing 21377:2016 Bursa bombing 21327:2015 Siirt bombing 21129:Başbağlar massacre 20721:Free Women's Units 20254:. 22 December 2016 20252:Human Rights Watch 20144:English, Basnews. 19085:. 20 November 1998 19083:Human Rights Watch 18999:2011-11-25 at the 18981:Human Rights Watch 18879:The New York Times 18583:Human Rights Watch 18415:. 27 February 2021 18347:5 May 2021 at the 18265:on 29 January 2021 18209:on 10 January 2019 18031:on 31 January 2007 17869:Human Rights Watch 17775:Human Rights Watch 17756:Human Rights Watch 17733:on 3 December 2019 17585:on 12 January 2016 17555:Human Rights Watch 17320:Human Rights Watch 17110:. 20 January 2022. 17055:on 7 February 2011 16736:on 31 January 2011 16599:Human Rights Watch 16447:, 21 December 2007 16327:on 26 October 2014 16091:The New York Times 15900:The New York Times 15481:The New York Times 14817:on 26 October 2014 14708:Globalsecurity.org 14594:. 23 August 2011. 14564:. 23 August 2011. 14518:on 25 January 2014 14468:on 26 October 2014 14161:on 12 October 2012 14042:The New York Times 13856:on 12 October 2012 13826:on 11 January 2021 13792:The New York Times 13468:on 19 October 2012 13307:. 30 August 2006. 13067:on 25 January 2014 13033:on 15 October 2012 13011:on 18 August 2008. 12962:, 14 December 2010 12854:on 7 February 2011 12816:McGregor, Andrew. 12565:has generic name ( 12427:Human Rights Watch 12371:(Report). Ankara: 11589:The New York Times 11437:Miron Varouhakis. 11403:The New York Times 11273:on 16 October 2016 11188:Fernandes, Desmond 10892:Human Rights Watch 10660:Palgrave Macmillan 10603:, 17 February 2008 10600:The New York Times 10167:on 31 January 2011 10028:on 14 January 2013 9717:. 6 January 2012. 9691:on 13 October 2011 9560:on 5 February 2012 9472:on 4 December 2010 9339:on 20 January 2016 9019:, 26 February 2007 8863:on 5 November 2015 8803:. 7 October 2019. 8695:on 5 November 2018 8293:Metelits, Claire, 8086:Kurdish insurgency 8024:Iraq–Turkey border 7495:Human Rights Watch 7417: 7298:summary executions 7278: 7169:public humiliation 7147:Human Rights Watch 7093:Human Rights Watch 7085:Human Rights Watch 7072:Human Rights Watch 7051:Republic of Turkey 7009:Human Rights Watch 6983: 6903: 6880:Turkish war crimes 6828:Kurdish rebellions 6802:Demographic effect 5717:5 – 13 August 1991 5148:The Belgium-based 4432:possibly contains 4033: 3933:On 17 April 2022, 3899: 3801:Human Rights Watch 3778: 3739:2015 Suruç bombing 3672: 3504: 3451:Kurdish initiative 3379:Dağlıca, Yüksekova 3329:Diyarbakır Airport 3295: 3171: 3163: 3049:counter-insurgency 3018:Doğu Çalışma Grubu 2918:, two days later. 2904: 2843:Mehmet Ali Cetiner 2525:summary executions 2422:Northern Kurdistan 1583:villages destroyed 1090:Current commanders 949:Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu 805:Ahmet Necdet Sezer 681:Current commanders 25489:Conflicts in 2022 25464:Turkish Kurdistan 25426: 25425: 25373:Inter-continental 25368: 25367: 25302:DHKP/C insurgency 25297:Maoist insurgency 24944: 24943: 24796: 24795: 24687:Rohingya conflict 24611: 24610: 24520: 24519: 24438:Kargil War (1999) 24370:Kargil War (1999) 24329:conflicts in Asia 24291: 24290: 23514:Franco-Syrian War 23471:Greco-Turkish War 23459:Anglo-Turkish War 23425:Assyrian genocide 23420:Armenian genocide 23391:Italo-Turkish War 23343: 23342: 23271: 23270: 22813: 22812: 22756:Foreign relations 22730:Political parties 22630: 22629: 22463: 22462: 22455:History of Thrace 22357:Atatürk's reforms 22248:Anatolian beyliks 22135: 22134: 22131: 22130: 22031: 22030: 22003:Necmettin Erbakan 21828: 21827: 21775:Nurettin Demirtaş 21584:and peace efforts 21577: 21576: 21482: 21481: 21264:Reşadiye shooting 21099:Yeşilova incident 21094:Pınarcık massacre 21024: 21023: 20944: 20908: 20793:People's Congress 20648: 20647: 20615:Counter-Guerrilla 20429:Europol.europa.eu 20074:on 6 October 2010 20052:: 8. August 1987. 19556:. 29 October 2020 19508:(in Turkish). T24 19307:www.aljazeera.com 18753:Mehmet Ali Birand 18585:. 20 January 1999 17871:. 1 November 2010 17259:978-0-19-164076-6 17229:Joost Jongerden. 17025:on 14 August 2018 16631:Los Angeles Times 16416:on 1 October 2005 15817:, 9 October 2019. 15659:Doğan News Agency 15629:Firat News Agency 15599:Firat News Agency 15004:. 25 April 2013. 14866:on 1 October 2012 14380:. 15 March 2011. 13723:. 13 March 2008. 13721:Socialist Project 13661:. Flight Global. 13614:, 24 October 2007 13161:, 24 October 2007 12824:. Jamestown.org. 12797:on 2 January 2015 12466:978-1-85649-396-3 12327:978-1-136-58798-6 12258:978-1-134-21130-2 12224:, 11 April 2012, 12157:on 6 October 2010 11838:10.4000/ejts.4663 11765:, 19 January 2012 11591:. 10 March 2017. 10861:Council of Europe 10586:Toumani, Meline. 10482:978-0-8122-1572-4 10136:. Jamestown.org. 10128:Jenkins, Gareth. 10007:McDowall, David. 9570:, 5 February 2011 9331:T. Nugent, John. 9253:on 2 January 2015 9056:. Jamestown.org. 8899:on 27 March 2009. 8636:. 21 March 2013. 8456:. 28 April 2017. 8430:. 28 April 2016. 8371:978-0-8147-5711-6 8188:978-1-78673-549-2 8090:Kurdish rebellion 8046:by David McDowall 7922:24 June elections 7914:Duhok Governorate 7710:a suicide bombing 7574:molotov cocktails 7548:a suicide bombing 7546:On 30 June 1996, 7286:terrorist tactics 7195:" (Free Agenda). 6943:Kuşkonar massacre 6927:Turkish Air Force 6865:According to the 6783: 6782: 6123:Northwestern Iran 5981:Operation Alandüz 5573: 5572: 5141: 5140: 4477: 4476: 4469: 4434:original research 4415: 4414: 4061:Los Angeles Times 3786:Council of Europe 3365:bombing in Ankara 3211:Turkish Hezbollah 2756:Diyarbakır Prison 2751:Turkish Kurdistan 2628:Ali Haydar Kaytan 2517:terrorist tactics 2508:arbitrary arrests 2446:tourism in Turkey 2438:economy of Turkey 2401:, and/or greater 2372: 2371: 2311:Koçgiri rebellion 2260: 2259: 2141:Syria (2023 June) 1999:Ankara (Mar 2016) 1994:Ankara (Feb 2016) 1818:Second insurgency 1628: 1627: 1596:Turkish Hezbollah 1465:: 148,700 (2009) 1460:: 639,551 (2016): 1381:Ali Haydar Kaytan 853:Necmettin Erbakan 746:Osman Pamukoğlu 493:Anti-Terror Units 474:YPG International 325:Counter-Guerrilla 215:Turkish Air Force 133: 132: 86:and Northwestern 25511: 25328:Civil war (1994) 24953: 24952: 24884:1990 Osh clashes 24868:Ethnic conflicts 24805: 24804: 24782: 24775: 24620: 24619: 24585:2017–2018 crisis 24563: 24529: 24528: 24340: 24339: 24318: 24311: 24304: 24295: 24294: 24253:Israel–Hamas war 24180:Syrian civil war 24163:Sinai insurgency 24124:2006 Lebanon War 23799:Dhofar Rebellion 23734:Cyprus Emergency 23729:Jebel Akhdar War 23701:1982 Lebanon War 23691:1967 Six-Day War 23600:Dersim rebellion 23560:Ararat rebellion 23464:Al-Jazeera Front 23370: 23363: 23356: 23347: 23346: 23331: 23330: 23319: 23318: 23307: 23306: 23295: 23294: 23283: 23088: 23087: 22973:Cities and towns 22954:Turkish language 22909:Turkish Airlines 22725:Electoral system 22688:Council of State 22641: 22640: 22575:Waste management 22505:Black Sea Region 22483: 22474: 22473: 22428:Turkic migration 22374:One-party period 22243:Sultanate of Rum 22189: 22188: 22174: 22173: 22162: 22155: 22148: 22139: 22138: 22103:Kurdish refugees 22040: 22039: 21978:Yıldırım Akbulut 21963:Süleyman Demirel 21942:Hayri Kıvrıkoğlu 21932:Erdal Ceylanoğlu 21917:Aydoğan Babaoğlu 21852:Tahsin Şahinkaya 21837: 21836: 21699:Hüseyin Velioğlu 21694:Muhammad Mustafa 21624: 21623: 21491: 21490: 21294:Roboski massacre 21174:Operation Hammer 21104:Battle of Şırnak 21069:1984 PKK attacks 21033: 21032: 20942: 20938: 20937: 20936: 20902: 20876: 20875: 20874: 20858: 20857: 20856: 20846: 20845: 20844: 20834: 20833: 20832: 20822: 20821: 20820: 20769:Free Women Party 20719: 20718: 20717: 20706: 20705: 20704: 20687: 20686: 20685: 20675: 20674: 20673: 20660: 20659: 20630:Susurluk scandal 20537: 20536: 20530: 20528: 20527: 20491: 20484: 20477: 20468: 20467: 20462: 20461: 20456:. Archived from 20454:www.treasury.gov 20446: 20440: 20439: 20437: 20435: 20426: 20418: 20412: 20411: 20409: 20407: 20398: 20390: 20384: 20383: 20381: 20379: 20364: 20355: 20354: 20352: 20350: 20332: 20326: 20325: 20323: 20321: 20315: 20309:. Archived from 20304: 20296: 20290: 20289: 20287: 20285: 20270: 20264: 20263: 20261: 20259: 20244: 20238: 20237: 20235: 20233: 20219: 20213: 20212: 20210: 20208: 20193: 20187: 20186: 20184: 20182: 20167: 20161: 20160: 20158: 20156: 20141: 20135: 20134: 20132: 20130: 20116: 20110: 20109: 20107: 20105: 20100:. 2 October 2018 20090: 20084: 20083: 20081: 20079: 20070:. Archived from 20060: 20054: 20053: 20045: 20036: 20035: 20027: 20021: 20020: 20012: 20006: 20005: 20003: 20001: 19987: 19978: 19977: 19969: 19963: 19962: 19960: 19958: 19942: 19936: 19935: 19933: 19931: 19917: 19911: 19910: 19908: 19906: 19896: 19890: 19889: 19887: 19885: 19871: 19865: 19864: 19862: 19860: 19845: 19839: 19838: 19836: 19834: 19819: 19813: 19812: 19810: 19808: 19793: 19787: 19786: 19775: 19769: 19768: 19766: 19764: 19741: 19735: 19734: 19732: 19730: 19707: 19701: 19691: 19685: 19677: 19675: 19674: 19664:Ali Özcan, Nihat 19662: 19656: 19655: 19648: 19642: 19641: 19639: 19637: 19622: 19616: 19615: 19613: 19611: 19597: 19591: 19590: 19588: 19586: 19572: 19566: 19565: 19563: 19561: 19546: 19540: 19539: 19537: 19535: 19530:. 6 January 2017 19524: 19518: 19517: 19515: 19513: 19502: 19496: 19495: 19493: 19491: 19480: 19474: 19473: 19471: 19469: 19458: 19452: 19451: 19449: 19447: 19435: 19429: 19428: 19426: 19424: 19414: 19408: 19407: 19405: 19403: 19394:. Archived from 19384: 19378: 19377: 19375: 19373: 19358: 19352: 19351: 19349: 19347: 19324: 19318: 19317: 19315: 19313: 19299: 19293: 19292: 19290: 19288: 19277: 19271: 19270: 19268: 19266: 19251: 19245: 19244: 19242: 19240: 19221: 19215: 19214: 19212: 19210: 19191: 19185: 19184: 19182: 19180: 19161: 19155: 19154: 19152: 19150: 19135: 19129: 19128: 19126: 19124: 19110: 19104: 19101: 19095: 19094: 19092: 19090: 19075: 19064: 19061: 19055: 19054: 19034: 19028: 19027: 19025: 19023: 19017: 19009: 19003: 18991: 18985: 18984: 18978: 18970: 18955: 18954: 18952: 18950: 18944: 18937: 18929: 18923: 18922: 18920: 18918: 18907: 18901: 18898: 18892: 18891: 18889: 18887: 18870: 18864: 18863: 18861: 18859: 18836: 18830: 18829: 18827: 18825: 18809: 18803: 18802: 18792: 18782: 18762: 18756: 18750: 18744: 18743: 18737: 18732: 18730: 18722: 18720: 18712: 18706: 18705: 18703: 18701: 18687: 18678: 18661: 18652: 18635: 18629: 18628: 18626: 18624: 18601: 18595: 18594: 18592: 18590: 18575: 18564: 18563: 18553: 18525: 18516: 18515: 18507: 18501: 18500: 18498: 18496: 18491:on 4 August 2020 18481: 18475: 18474: 18472: 18470: 18456: 18450: 18449: 18447: 18445: 18431: 18425: 18424: 18422: 18420: 18403: 18397: 18396: 18366: 18357: 18351: 18340: 18338: 18336: 18327:. Archived from 18314: 18308: 18307: 18305: 18303: 18281: 18275: 18274: 18272: 18270: 18261:. Archived from 18251: 18245: 18244: 18242: 18240: 18225: 18219: 18218: 18216: 18214: 18205:. Archived from 18194: 18188: 18187: 18169: 18163: 18162: 18160: 18158: 18152: 18144: 18135: 18134: 18132: 18130: 18115: 18109: 18108: 18106: 18098: 18092: 18091: 18084: 18078: 18061: 18055: 18054: 18047: 18041: 18040: 18038: 18036: 18030: 18024:. Archived from 18019: 18011: 18005: 18004: 18002: 18000: 17989: 17983: 17982: 17980: 17978: 17963: 17957: 17956: 17950: 17942: 17936: 17935: 17933: 17931: 17917: 17911: 17910: 17904: 17896: 17881: 17880: 17878: 17876: 17861: 17855: 17854: 17834: 17828: 17827: 17825: 17823: 17812: 17806: 17805: 17803: 17801: 17784: 17778: 17768: 17759: 17749: 17743: 17742: 17740: 17738: 17729:. Archived from 17714: 17708: 17707: 17705: 17703: 17689: 17683: 17682: 17680: 17678: 17663: 17657: 17656: 17649: 17643: 17642: 17640: 17638: 17623: 17617: 17616: 17614: 17612: 17601: 17595: 17594: 17592: 17590: 17575: 17569: 17568: 17546: 17540: 17539: 17519: 17513: 17512: 17505: 17499: 17498: 17496: 17494: 17479: 17473: 17472: 17470: 17468: 17454: 17448: 17447: 17419: 17410: 17409: 17407: 17405: 17394: 17388: 17387: 17385: 17383: 17373: 17365: 17359: 17358: 17356: 17354: 17331: 17325: 17324: 17315: 17309: 17308: 17303:. Archived from 17293:10.2307/20049970 17270: 17264: 17263: 17245: 17234: 17227: 17214: 17213: 17202: 17196: 17195: 17192:www.sozcu.com.tr 17184: 17178: 17177: 17175: 17173: 17158: 17152: 17151: 17149: 17147: 17132: 17126: 17125: 17118: 17112: 17111: 17104: 17098: 17097: 17085: 17079: 17078: 17071: 17065: 17064: 17062: 17060: 17041: 17035: 17034: 17032: 17030: 17021:. Archived from 17011: 17005: 17004: 17002: 17000: 16981: 16975: 16974: 16963: 16957: 16956: 16945: 16939: 16938: 16927: 16921: 16920: 16909: 16903: 16902: 16891: 16885: 16880: 16874: 16873: 16861: 16855: 16854: 16849:. Archived from 16843: 16837: 16836: 16825: 16819: 16818: 16816: 16814: 16795: 16789: 16788: 16786: 16784: 16769: 16763: 16752: 16746: 16745: 16743: 16741: 16725: 16719: 16718: 16716: 16714: 16703: 16697: 16696: 16694: 16692: 16677: 16671: 16670: 16668: 16666: 16661:on 16 March 2012 16660: 16654:. Archived from 16653: 16645: 16636: 16628: 16619: 16618: 16602: 16593: 16587: 16586: 16580: 16575: 16573: 16565: 16563: 16561: 16555: 16548: 16540: 16531: 16530: 16528: 16526: 16507: 16501: 16500: 16498: 16496: 16487:. Archived from 16480: 16474: 16473: 16471: 16469: 16460:. Archived from 16454: 16448: 16435: 16426: 16425: 16423: 16421: 16406: 16400: 16399: 16393: 16385: 16373: 16367: 16366: 16364: 16362: 16343: 16337: 16336: 16334: 16332: 16323:. Archived from 16317: 16311: 16310: 16308: 16306: 16300: 16293: 16285: 16279: 16278: 16276: 16274: 16268: 16261: 16253: 16244: 16243: 16241: 16239: 16233: 16227:. Archived from 16226: 16218: 16197: 16188: 16175: 16174: 16172: 16170: 16151: 16145: 16144: 16142: 16140: 16131:. 29 June 2022. 16121: 16115: 16114: 16112: 16110: 16082: 16076: 16075: 16073: 16071: 16049: 16043: 16042: 16040: 16038: 16023: 16017: 16016: 16014: 16012: 15992: 15986: 15985: 15983: 15981: 15960: 15954: 15953: 15951: 15949: 15930: 15924: 15923: 15921: 15919: 15891: 15882: 15881: 15879: 15877: 15856: 15850: 15849: 15847: 15845: 15824: 15818: 15799: 15793: 15792: 15790: 15788: 15756: 15750: 15749: 15747: 15745: 15736:. 11 June 2018. 15726: 15720: 15707: 15701: 15700: 15698: 15696: 15681: 15675: 15674: 15672: 15670: 15661:. 19 July 2016. 15651: 15645: 15644: 15642: 15640: 15631:. 21 July 2016. 15621: 15615: 15614: 15612: 15610: 15591: 15585: 15584: 15582: 15580: 15561: 15555: 15554: 15552: 15550: 15529: 15523: 15522: 15520: 15518: 15503: 15497: 15496: 15494: 15492: 15473: 15467: 15466: 15464: 15462: 15443: 15437: 15436: 15434: 15432: 15417: 15411: 15410: 15408: 15406: 15387: 15381: 15380: 15378: 15376: 15361: 15355: 15354: 15352: 15350: 15331: 15325: 15324: 15322: 15320: 15301: 15295: 15294: 15292: 15290: 15271: 15265: 15264: 15262: 15260: 15245: 15239: 15238: 15237:on 29 July 2015. 15223: 15217: 15216: 15214: 15212: 15192: 15186: 15185: 15183: 15181: 15162: 15156: 15155: 15153: 15151: 15132: 15126: 15125: 15123: 15121: 15102: 15096: 15095: 15093: 15091: 15086:on 28 April 2013 15080:"Silahlara veda" 15076: 15070: 15069: 15067: 15065: 15050: 15044: 15043: 15041: 15039: 15024: 15018: 15017: 15015: 15013: 14994: 14988: 14987: 14985: 14983: 14968: 14962: 14961: 14959: 14957: 14938: 14932: 14931: 14929: 14927: 14908: 14902: 14901: 14899: 14897: 14882: 14876: 14875: 14873: 14871: 14856: 14850: 14849:, 17 August 2012 14848: 14846: 14844: 14839:. 17 August 2012 14833: 14827: 14826: 14824: 14822: 14813:. Archived from 14803: 14797: 14784: 14778: 14764:The Miami Herald 14760: 14754: 14753: 14751: 14749: 14730: 14724: 14723: 14721: 14719: 14700: 14694: 14693: 14691: 14689: 14674: 14668: 14667: 14665: 14663: 14644: 14638: 14637: 14635: 14633: 14614: 14608: 14607: 14605: 14603: 14584: 14578: 14577: 14575: 14573: 14552: 14546: 14545: 14534: 14528: 14527: 14525: 14523: 14502: 14496: 14495: 14484: 14478: 14477: 14475: 14473: 14464:. Archived from 14454: 14448: 14430: 14424: 14423: 14421: 14419: 14400: 14394: 14393: 14391: 14389: 14370: 14364: 14363: 14361: 14359: 14337: 14331: 14330: 14328: 14326: 14321:on 20 March 2012 14311: 14305: 14304: 14302: 14300: 14295:on 26 April 2012 14285: 14279: 14278: 14276: 14274: 14259: 14253: 14252: 14250: 14248: 14229: 14223: 14222: 14220: 14218: 14203: 14197: 14196: 14194: 14192: 14177: 14171: 14170: 14168: 14166: 14151: 14145: 14144: 14142: 14140: 14121: 14115: 14114: 14112: 14110: 14091: 14085: 14084: 14082: 14080: 14065: 14059: 14058: 14056: 14054: 14032: 14026: 14025: 14023: 14021: 14006: 14000: 13999: 13997: 13995: 13976: 13970: 13969: 13963: 13955: 13953: 13951: 13936: 13927: 13926: 13924: 13922: 13903: 13897: 13896: 13894: 13892: 13872: 13866: 13865: 13863: 13861: 13842: 13836: 13835: 13833: 13831: 13822:. Archived from 13812: 13806: 13805:, 4 October 2008 13788: 13782: 13766: 13760: 13743: 13737: 13736: 13734: 13732: 13713: 13707: 13706: 13704: 13702: 13681: 13675: 13674: 13672: 13670: 13655: 13649: 13648: 13646: 13644: 13624: 13615: 13597: 13591: 13590: 13588: 13586: 13567: 13561: 13548: 13539: 13538: 13536: 13534: 13514: 13508: 13507: 13505: 13503: 13484: 13478: 13477: 13475: 13473: 13458: 13452: 13451: 13449: 13447: 13426: 13420: 13419: 13417: 13415: 13394: 13388: 13387: 13385: 13383: 13362: 13356: 13355: 13353: 13351: 13330: 13321: 13320: 13318: 13316: 13297: 13291: 13290: 13288: 13286: 13266: 13260: 13259: 13257: 13255: 13240: 13234: 13233: 13231: 13229: 13220:. 17 July 2005. 13210: 13204: 13203: 13201: 13199: 13190:. 16 July 2005. 13180: 13174: 13168: 13162: 13148: 13135: 13134: 13116: 13110: 13109: 13107: 13105: 13096:. Archived from 13086: 13077: 13076: 13074: 13072: 13052: 13043: 13042: 13040: 13038: 13019: 13013: 13012: 13010: 13004:. Archived from 13003: 12995: 12989: 12988: 12986: 12984: 12969: 12963: 12949: 12943: 12942: 12940: 12938: 12923: 12917: 12904: 12895: 12894: 12892: 12890: 12871: 12865: 12863: 12861: 12859: 12850:. Archived from 12844: 12838: 12837: 12835: 12833: 12813: 12807: 12806: 12804: 12802: 12793:. Archived from 12783: 12777: 12776: 12774: 12772: 12766: 12759: 12751: 12745: 12744: 12742: 12740: 12720: 12714: 12713: 12711: 12709: 12700:. Archived from 12694: 12688: 12676: 12667: 12666: 12664: 12662: 12647: 12634: 12633: 12631: 12629: 12610: 12604: 12603: 12601: 12599: 12577: 12571: 12570: 12564: 12560: 12558: 12550: 12548: 12546: 12518: 12507: 12489: 12483: 12480: 12471: 12470: 12452: 12446: 12445: 12440: 12438: 12419: 12413: 12412:, 13 August 2005 12408:14 July 2012 at 12400: 12394: 12393: 12391: 12385:. Archived from 12370: 12362: 12356: 12355: 12338: 12332: 12331: 12313: 12307: 12300: 12294: 12293: 12291: 12289: 12269: 12263: 12262: 12244: 12235: 12217: 12211: 12210: 12192: 12186: 12173: 12167: 12166: 12164: 12162: 12153:. Archived from 12143: 12122: 12109: 12100: 12099: 12097: 12095: 12067: 12058: 12057: 12051: 12043: 12035: 12029: 12028: 12026: 12024: 11996: 11990: 11989: 11969: 11960: 11959: 11957: 11955: 11927: 11910: 11895: 11889: 11888: 11886: 11884: 11875:. Archived from 11869: 11863: 11862: 11860: 11858: 11840: 11820: 11814: 11813:, 21 March 2012. 11796: 11790: 11772: 11766: 11748: 11742: 11741:, February 1981. 11733: 11727: 11713: 11707: 11706: 11704: 11702: 11687: 11668: 11667: 11662: 11660: 11654: 11647: 11639: 11633: 11632: 11630: 11628: 11611: 11605: 11604: 11602: 11600: 11581: 11575: 11574: 11572: 11570: 11565:on 21 March 2013 11551: 11542: 11541: 11539: 11537: 11528:. 22 July 2015. 11518: 11512: 11509: 11500: 11499: 11497: 11495: 11480: 11465: 11464: 11462: 11460: 11454: 11448:. Archived from 11443: 11434: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11423: 11390: 11384: 11383: 11381: 11379: 11373: 11334: 11325: 11319: 11318: 11316: 11314: 11308: 11297: 11289: 11283: 11282: 11280: 11278: 11272: 11266:. Archived from 11261: 11253: 11242: 11241: 11239: 11237: 11223: 11214: 11213: 11211: 11209: 11180: 11174: 11173: 11171: 11169: 11141: 11135: 11134: 11132: 11130: 11102: 11096: 11095: 11093: 11091: 11076: 11067: 11066: 11064: 11062: 11056: 11049: 11041: 11032: 11031: 11029: 11027: 10999: 10990: 10989: 10987: 10985: 10957: 10948: 10947: 10931: 10921: 10912: 10911: 10895: 10886: 10880: 10879: 10877: 10875: 10869: 10858: 10852:Reidy, Aisling. 10849: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10835: 10829: 10822: 10814: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10788: 10782: 10776:(Report). 2014. 10775: 10767: 10756: 10755: 10753: 10751: 10730: 10719: 10718: 10692: 10686: 10685: 10683: 10681: 10658:. Basingstoke : 10649: 10643: 10642: 10640: 10638: 10610: 10604: 10584: 10578: 10577: 10557: 10551: 10550: 10548: 10546: 10518: 10512: 10505: 10499: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10466: 10457: 10456: 10454: 10452: 10424: 10418: 10417: 10415: 10413: 10385: 10379: 10378: 10360: 10354: 10341: 10332: 10331: 10329: 10327: 10321: 10314: 10304: 10298: 10277: 10271: 10270: 10268: 10266: 10247: 10241: 10240: 10238: 10236: 10215: 10209: 10208: 10206: 10204: 10183: 10177: 10176: 10174: 10172: 10156: 10150: 10149: 10147: 10145: 10125: 10119: 10103: 10097: 10096: 10094: 10092: 10070: 10064: 10063: 10061: 10059: 10044: 10038: 10037: 10035: 10033: 10024:. Archived from 10018: 10012: 10005: 9996: 9995: 9993: 9991: 9976: 9970: 9969: 9967: 9965: 9959: 9953:. Archived from 9952: 9944: 9938: 9937: 9935: 9933: 9918: 9897: 9896: 9860: 9854: 9853: 9851: 9849: 9844:on 15 March 2012 9834: 9828: 9827: 9825: 9823: 9807: 9801: 9800: 9798: 9796: 9781: 9775: 9774: 9772: 9770: 9755: 9749: 9748: 9737: 9731: 9730: 9728: 9726: 9707: 9701: 9700: 9698: 9696: 9681: 9675: 9660: 9654: 9653: 9651: 9649: 9634: 9628: 9627: 9625: 9623: 9607: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9596: 9577: 9571: 9569: 9567: 9565: 9556:. Archived from 9545: 9539: 9538: 9536: 9534: 9514: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9503: 9488: 9482: 9481: 9479: 9477: 9462: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9451: 9436: 9430: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9410: 9404: 9403: 9401: 9399: 9382: 9376: 9375: 9373: 9371: 9355: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9344: 9328: 9322: 9321: 9319: 9317: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9269: 9263: 9262: 9260: 9258: 9249:. Archived from 9239: 9233: 9232: 9230: 9228: 9200: 9194: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9161: 9155: 9154: 9153: 9151: 9133: 9118: 9117: 9081: 9070: 9069: 9067: 9065: 9046:Brandon, James. 9043: 9032: 9026: 9020: 9004: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8978: 8972: 8971: 8969: 8967: 8947: 8938: 8933: 8927: 8926: 8924: 8922: 8917:on 21 April 2010 8907: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8887: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8868: 8853: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8823: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8793: 8787: 8786: 8784: 8782: 8763: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8752: 8737: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8711: 8705: 8704: 8702: 8700: 8685: 8676: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8656: 8650: 8649: 8647: 8645: 8626: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8615: 8600: 8594: 8588: 8582: 8560: 8554: 8553: 8551: 8549: 8534: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8502: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8476: 8470: 8469: 8467: 8465: 8450: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8439: 8424: 8418: 8417: 8415: 8413: 8394: 8388: 8387: 8355: 8349: 8348: 8304: 8298: 8291: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8280: 8261: 8255: 8254: 8252: 8250: 8231: 8225: 8216: 8215: 8214: 8207: 8201: 8200: 8156: 8150: 8149: 8147: 8145: 8130: 8114: 8110: 8104: 8102:Kurdish uprising 8082:Kurdish question 8078:Kurdish conflict 8070: 8064: 8061: 7997:drug trafficking 7989:drug trafficking 7967:Drug trafficking 7954:Southeast Turkey 7792:State Department 7682:On 7 June 2016, 7663:On 12 May 2016, 7636:a suicide attack 7593:a suicide attack 7578:department store 7310:drug trafficking 7288:, which include 7237:Susurluk scandal 7231:Drug trafficking 7145:In August 1992, 6985:In August 2015, 6938:Turkish military 6654:Rescue operation 6538:Operation Claw-3 6508:Operation Claw-2 6478:Operation Claw-1 6199:Operation Hammer 6119:20 – 21 May 1995 5887:Operation Govent 5815:Rescue Operation 5598: 5597: 5568: 5561: 5544: 5337: 5331: 5216:Solution process 5156: 5155: 4486: 4485: 4472: 4465: 4461: 4458: 4452: 4449:inline citations 4425: 4424: 4417: 4090: 4089: 4052:Turkish military 4005:Suleyman Demirel 3951:2022 NATO summit 3853:Free Syrian Army 3845:Trabzon Province 3831:Giresun Province 3797:Hakkâri Province 3643:celebrations in 3610:Solution Process 3543:Syrian civil war 3411:Hakkâri Province 3257:was imprisoned. 3175:Qandil Mountains 3114:Operation Hammer 3030:Süleyman Demirel 2979:Süleyman Demirel 2886:First insurgency 2740:1982 Lebanon War 2650:, Haki Karer to 2575:conflict resumed 2546:was arrested in 2537:drug trafficking 2465:Kurdish language 2434:Syrian Kurdistan 2333:Dersim rebellion 2327:Ararat rebellion 2301: 2300: 2298: 2287: 2280: 2273: 2264: 2263: 2151:Syria (2023 Oct) 2039:Euphrates Shield 1906:Third insurgency 1874:2011 border raid 1679:First insurgency 1666: 1664: 1654: 1647: 1640: 1631: 1630: 1618: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1515: 1514: 1513: 1440: 1439: 1438: 1428: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1409: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1389: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1368: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1347: 1337: 1336: 1335: 1326:Hüseyin Yıldırım 1324: 1323: 1322: 1311: 1310: 1309: 1299: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1281: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1260: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1239: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1191: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1171: 1163: 1162: 1161: 1152:Past commanders: 1143: 1142: 1141: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1079: 1078: 1067: 1066: 1055: 1054: 1043: 1042: 1031: 1030: 1019: 1018: 1007: 1006: 995: 994: 983: 982: 971: 970: 959: 958: 947: 946: 935: 934: 923: 922: 911: 910: 899: 898: 887: 886: 877:Yıldırım Akbulut 875: 874: 863: 862: 851: 850: 839: 838: 827: 826: 815: 814: 803: 802: 793:Süleyman Demirel 791: 790: 779: 778: 767: 766: 755: 754: 745: 744: 734:Past commanders: 725: 724: 723: 714: 713: 712: 703: 702: 701: 695: 691: 690: 689: 664: 663: 662: 650: 649: 648: 636: 635: 634: 624: 623: 622: 612: 611: 610: 600: 599: 598: 588: 587: 586: 576: 575: 574: 561: 560: 559: 546: 545: 544: 534: 533: 532: 505: 504: 503: 486: 485: 484: 472: 471: 470: 460: 459: 458: 448: 447: 446: 432: 431: 430: 420: 419: 418: 405: 404: 403: 393: 392: 391: 381: 380: 379: 369: 368: 367: 354: 353: 352: 311: 310: 309: 281: 280: 279: 267: 266: 265: 255: 254: 253: 237: 236: 235: 225: 224: 223: 213: 212: 211: 201: 200: 199: 189: 188: 187: 177: 176: 175: 165: 164: 163: 151: 150: 59: 51: 50: 43: 23: 22: 25519: 25518: 25514: 25513: 25512: 25510: 25509: 25508: 25474:Iraqi Kurdistan 25429: 25428: 25427: 25422: 25386: 25374: 25364: 25316: 25285: 25262: 25236: 25203: 25172: 25132: 25077: 25000: 24984: 24940: 24919: 24898: 24872: 24856: 24820:Afghan conflict 24792: 24778: 24771: 24745: 24719: 24698: 24682:Kachin conflict 24660: 24634: 24607: 24591: 24570:Korean conflict 24561: 24559: 24553: 24516: 24490: 24464: 24401: 24331: 24322: 24292: 24287: 24285: 24272: 24235: 24157:Egyptian Crisis 24140: 24081: 24021: 23954: 23864: 23853:Second Intifada 23763: 23707: 23604: 23570:Simele massacre 23548: 23529:Adwan Rebellion 23502: 23379: 23374: 23344: 23339: 23267: 23086: 23082:Women in Turkey 23050:Law enforcement 23004: 23000:Life expectancy 22966:Islam in Turkey 22920: 22809: 22771:National Police 22739: 22694: 22626: 22617:Turkish Riviera 22524: 22481: 22480: 22459: 22416: 22383: 22362:Language reform 22333: 22252: 22213: 22178: 22168: 22166: 22136: 22127: 22123:Iraq operations 22093:Rojava conflict 22071: 22046: 22027: 21946: 21912:Yaşar Büyükanıt 21902:İbrahim Fırtına 21833:Turkish leaders 21824: 21760:Tuncer Bakırhan 21713: 21639:Murat Karayılan 21634:Abdullah Öcalan 21620:Kurdish leaders 21615: 21583: 21573: 21557: 21478: 21422:2018 Siirt raid 21313: 21212: 21200: 21184:Operation Murat 21154:Operation Tokat 21144:Operation Steel 21057: 21020: 20947: 20934: 20932: 20911: 20872: 20870: 20854: 20852: 20842: 20840: 20830: 20828: 20818: 20816: 20715: 20713: 20702: 20700: 20683: 20681: 20671: 20669: 20644: 20601: 20525: 20523: 20518: 20500: 20495: 20465: 20448: 20447: 20443: 20433: 20431: 20424: 20420: 20419: 20415: 20405: 20403: 20396: 20392: 20391: 20387: 20377: 20375: 20366: 20365: 20358: 20348: 20346: 20333: 20329: 20319: 20317: 20316:on 28 June 2017 20313: 20302: 20298: 20297: 20293: 20283: 20281: 20271: 20267: 20257: 20255: 20246: 20245: 20241: 20231: 20229: 20221: 20220: 20216: 20206: 20204: 20195: 20194: 20190: 20180: 20178: 20168: 20164: 20154: 20152: 20150:www.basnews.com 20142: 20138: 20128: 20126: 20118: 20117: 20113: 20103: 20101: 20092: 20091: 20087: 20077: 20075: 20062: 20061: 20057: 20047: 20046: 20039: 20029: 20028: 20024: 20014: 20013: 20009: 19999: 19997: 19989: 19988: 19981: 19971: 19970: 19966: 19956: 19954: 19943: 19939: 19929: 19927: 19919: 19918: 19914: 19904: 19902: 19898: 19897: 19893: 19883: 19881: 19873: 19872: 19868: 19858: 19856: 19847: 19846: 19842: 19832: 19830: 19821: 19820: 19816: 19806: 19804: 19795: 19794: 19790: 19777: 19776: 19772: 19762: 19760: 19758: 19742: 19738: 19728: 19726: 19724: 19708: 19704: 19679: 19678: 19672: 19670: 19665: 19663: 19659: 19650: 19649: 19645: 19635: 19633: 19624: 19623: 19619: 19609: 19607: 19599: 19598: 19594: 19584: 19582: 19574: 19573: 19569: 19559: 19557: 19548: 19547: 19543: 19533: 19531: 19526: 19525: 19521: 19511: 19509: 19504: 19503: 19499: 19489: 19487: 19482: 19481: 19477: 19467: 19465: 19460: 19459: 19455: 19445: 19443: 19436: 19432: 19422: 19420: 19416: 19415: 19411: 19401: 19399: 19386: 19385: 19381: 19371: 19369: 19360: 19359: 19355: 19345: 19343: 19325: 19321: 19311: 19309: 19301: 19300: 19296: 19286: 19284: 19279: 19278: 19274: 19264: 19262: 19253: 19252: 19248: 19238: 19236: 19231:. 22 May 2007. 19223: 19222: 19218: 19208: 19206: 19201:. 22 May 2007. 19193: 19192: 19188: 19178: 19176: 19171:. 23 May 2007. 19163: 19162: 19158: 19148: 19146: 19137: 19136: 19132: 19122: 19120: 19112: 19111: 19107: 19102: 19098: 19088: 19086: 19077: 19076: 19067: 19062: 19058: 19051: 19035: 19031: 19021: 19019: 19015: 19011: 19010: 19006: 19001:Wayback Machine 18992: 18988: 18976: 18972: 18971: 18958: 18948: 18946: 18942: 18935: 18931: 18930: 18926: 18916: 18914: 18909: 18908: 18904: 18899: 18895: 18885: 18883: 18872: 18871: 18867: 18857: 18855: 18853: 18837: 18833: 18823: 18821: 18810: 18806: 18763: 18759: 18751: 18747: 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17943: 17939: 17929: 17927: 17919: 17918: 17914: 17902: 17898: 17897: 17884: 17874: 17872: 17863: 17862: 17858: 17851: 17835: 17831: 17821: 17819: 17814: 17813: 17809: 17799: 17797: 17785: 17781: 17769: 17762: 17750: 17746: 17736: 17734: 17723:The Japan Times 17715: 17711: 17701: 17699: 17691: 17690: 17686: 17676: 17674: 17671:Theguardian.com 17665: 17664: 17660: 17651: 17650: 17646: 17636: 17634: 17624: 17620: 17610: 17608: 17603: 17602: 17598: 17588: 17586: 17577: 17576: 17572: 17565: 17547: 17543: 17536: 17520: 17516: 17507: 17506: 17502: 17492: 17490: 17481: 17480: 17476: 17466: 17464: 17456: 17455: 17451: 17420: 17413: 17403: 17401: 17396: 17395: 17391: 17381: 17379: 17371: 17367: 17366: 17362: 17352: 17350: 17348: 17332: 17328: 17317: 17316: 17312: 17307:on 7 June 2007. 17280:Foreign Affairs 17271: 17267: 17260: 17246: 17237: 17228: 17217: 17204: 17203: 17199: 17194:. 15 June 2020. 17186: 17185: 17181: 17171: 17169: 17160: 17159: 17155: 17145: 17143: 17134: 17133: 17129: 17120: 17119: 17115: 17106: 17105: 17101: 17086: 17082: 17073: 17072: 17068: 17058: 17056: 17043: 17042: 17038: 17028: 17026: 17013: 17012: 17008: 16998: 16996: 16983: 16982: 16978: 16965: 16964: 16960: 16947: 16946: 16942: 16929: 16928: 16924: 16911: 16910: 16906: 16893: 16892: 16888: 16881: 16877: 16862: 16858: 16845: 16844: 16840: 16827: 16826: 16822: 16812: 16810: 16797: 16796: 16792: 16782: 16780: 16771: 16770: 16766: 16753: 16749: 16739: 16737: 16726: 16722: 16712: 16710: 16705: 16704: 16700: 16690: 16688: 16679: 16678: 16674: 16664: 16662: 16658: 16651: 16647: 16646: 16639: 16629: 16622: 16615: 16595: 16594: 16590: 16578: 16576: 16567: 16566: 16559: 16557: 16553: 16546: 16542: 16541: 16534: 16524: 16522: 16509: 16508: 16504: 16494: 16492: 16481: 16477: 16467: 16465: 16464:on 26 June 2015 16456: 16455: 16451: 16445:Wayback Machine 16436: 16429: 16419: 16417: 16408: 16407: 16403: 16387: 16386: 16374: 16370: 16360: 16358: 16345: 16344: 16340: 16330: 16328: 16319: 16318: 16314: 16304: 16302: 16298: 16291: 16287: 16286: 16282: 16272: 16270: 16266: 16259: 16255: 16254: 16247: 16237: 16235: 16234:on 16 July 2011 16231: 16224: 16220: 16219: 16200: 16189: 16178: 16168: 16166: 16161:. 3 July 2022. 16153: 16152: 16148: 16138: 16136: 16123: 16122: 16118: 16108: 16106: 16083: 16079: 16069: 16067: 16050: 16046: 16036: 16034: 16024: 16020: 16010: 16008: 15993: 15989: 15979: 15977: 15962: 15961: 15957: 15947: 15945: 15932: 15931: 15927: 15917: 15915: 15892: 15885: 15875: 15873: 15858: 15857: 15853: 15843: 15841: 15826: 15825: 15821: 15809:Wayback Machine 15800: 15796: 15786: 15784: 15757: 15753: 15743: 15741: 15728: 15727: 15723: 15717:Wayback Machine 15708: 15704: 15694: 15692: 15683: 15682: 15678: 15668: 15666: 15653: 15652: 15648: 15638: 15636: 15623: 15622: 15618: 15608: 15606: 15593: 15592: 15588: 15578: 15576: 15563: 15562: 15558: 15548: 15546: 15541:. 14 May 2016. 15531: 15530: 15526: 15516: 15514: 15505: 15504: 15500: 15490: 15488: 15475: 15474: 15470: 15460: 15458: 15445: 15444: 15440: 15430: 15428: 15419: 15418: 15414: 15404: 15402: 15389: 15388: 15384: 15374: 15372: 15363: 15362: 15358: 15348: 15346: 15333: 15332: 15328: 15318: 15316: 15303: 15302: 15298: 15288: 15286: 15273: 15272: 15268: 15258: 15256: 15255:on 29 July 2015 15247: 15246: 15242: 15225: 15224: 15220: 15210: 15208: 15193: 15189: 15179: 15177: 15164: 15163: 15159: 15149: 15147: 15134: 15133: 15129: 15119: 15117: 15104: 15103: 15099: 15089: 15087: 15078: 15077: 15073: 15063: 15061: 15052: 15051: 15047: 15037: 15035: 15026: 15025: 15021: 15011: 15009: 14996: 14995: 14991: 14981: 14979: 14970: 14969: 14965: 14955: 14953: 14940: 14939: 14935: 14925: 14923: 14910: 14909: 14905: 14895: 14893: 14884: 14883: 14879: 14869: 14867: 14858: 14857: 14853: 14842: 14840: 14835: 14834: 14830: 14820: 14818: 14805: 14804: 14800: 14796:, 9 August 2012 14794:Wayback Machine 14785: 14781: 14775:Wayback Machine 14761: 14757: 14747: 14745: 14738:Financial Times 14732: 14731: 14727: 14717: 14715: 14702: 14701: 14697: 14687: 14685: 14676: 14675: 14671: 14661: 14659: 14646: 14645: 14641: 14631: 14629: 14616: 14615: 14611: 14601: 14599: 14586: 14585: 14581: 14571: 14569: 14554: 14553: 14549: 14536: 14535: 14531: 14521: 14519: 14504: 14503: 14499: 14494:. 14 June 2011. 14486: 14485: 14481: 14471: 14469: 14456: 14455: 14451: 14445:Wayback Machine 14431: 14427: 14417: 14415: 14402: 14401: 14397: 14387: 14385: 14372: 14371: 14367: 14357: 14355: 14338: 14334: 14324: 14322: 14313: 14312: 14308: 14298: 14296: 14287: 14286: 14282: 14272: 14270: 14269:on 24 July 2011 14261: 14260: 14256: 14246: 14244: 14231: 14230: 14226: 14216: 14214: 14205: 14204: 14200: 14190: 14188: 14187:on 21 June 2010 14179: 14178: 14174: 14164: 14162: 14153: 14152: 14148: 14138: 14136: 14131:. 30 May 2010. 14123: 14122: 14118: 14108: 14106: 14093: 14092: 14088: 14078: 14076: 14067: 14066: 14062: 14052: 14050: 14033: 14029: 14019: 14017: 14008: 14007: 14003: 13993: 13991: 13978: 13977: 13973: 13957: 13956: 13949: 13947: 13938: 13937: 13930: 13920: 13918: 13905: 13904: 13900: 13890: 13888: 13873: 13869: 13859: 13857: 13844: 13843: 13839: 13829: 13827: 13820:Todayonline.com 13814: 13813: 13809: 13803:Wayback Machine 13789: 13785: 13779:Wayback Machine 13767: 13763: 13759:, 27 Nisan 2008 13753:Wayback Machine 13744: 13740: 13730: 13728: 13715: 13714: 13710: 13700: 13698: 13683: 13682: 13678: 13668: 13666: 13657: 13656: 13652: 13642: 13640: 13625: 13618: 13608:Wayback Machine 13598: 13594: 13584: 13582: 13569: 13568: 13564: 13559:Wayback Machine 13549: 13542: 13532: 13530: 13515: 13511: 13501: 13499: 13494:. 4 June 2007. 13486: 13485: 13481: 13471: 13469: 13460: 13459: 13455: 13445: 13443: 13428: 13427: 13423: 13413: 13411: 13398:"8'inci kurban" 13396: 13395: 13391: 13381: 13379: 13364: 13363: 13359: 13349: 13347: 13332: 13331: 13324: 13314: 13312: 13299: 13298: 13294: 13284: 13282: 13275:The Independent 13267: 13263: 13253: 13251: 13242: 13241: 13237: 13227: 13225: 13212: 13211: 13207: 13197: 13195: 13182: 13181: 13177: 13169: 13165: 13159:Wayback Machine 13149: 13138: 13131: 13117: 13113: 13103: 13101: 13100:on 5 March 2016 13088: 13087: 13080: 13070: 13068: 13053: 13046: 13036: 13034: 13021: 13020: 13016: 13008: 13001: 12997: 12996: 12992: 12982: 12980: 12979:on 27 July 2011 12971: 12970: 12966: 12960:Wayback Machine 12950: 12946: 12936: 12934: 12933:on 26 June 2015 12925: 12924: 12920: 12914:Wayback Machine 12905: 12898: 12888: 12886: 12873: 12872: 12868: 12857: 12855: 12846: 12845: 12841: 12831: 12829: 12814: 12810: 12800: 12798: 12785: 12784: 12780: 12770: 12768: 12764: 12757: 12753: 12752: 12748: 12738: 12736: 12729:The Independent 12721: 12717: 12707: 12705: 12704:on 26 June 2015 12696: 12695: 12691: 12686:Wayback Machine 12677: 12670: 12660: 12658: 12649: 12648: 12637: 12627: 12625: 12612: 12611: 12607: 12597: 12595: 12578: 12574: 12562: 12561: 12552: 12551: 12544: 12542: 12535: 12519: 12510: 12504:Wayback Machine 12490: 12486: 12481: 12474: 12467: 12453: 12449: 12436: 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11493: 11491: 11482: 11481: 11468: 11458: 11456: 11452: 11441: 11435: 11431: 11421: 11419: 11391: 11387: 11377: 11375: 11371: 11332: 11326: 11322: 11312: 11310: 11306: 11295: 11291: 11290: 11286: 11276: 11274: 11270: 11259: 11255: 11254: 11245: 11235: 11233: 11231:Middle East Eye 11225: 11224: 11217: 11207: 11205: 11181: 11177: 11167: 11165: 11158: 11142: 11138: 11128: 11126: 11119: 11103: 11099: 11089: 11087: 11078: 11077: 11070: 11060: 11058: 11054: 11047: 11043: 11042: 11035: 11025: 11023: 11016: 11000: 10993: 10983: 10981: 10974: 10958: 10951: 10944: 10922: 10915: 10908: 10888: 10887: 10883: 10873: 10871: 10867: 10856: 10850: 10843: 10833: 10831: 10827: 10820: 10816: 10815: 10796: 10786: 10784: 10780: 10773: 10769: 10768: 10759: 10749: 10747: 10732: 10731: 10722: 10711: 10701:The Middle East 10693: 10689: 10679: 10677: 10670: 10662:. p. 100. 10650: 10646: 10636: 10634: 10627: 10611: 10607: 10595:Wayback Machine 10585: 10581: 10574: 10558: 10554: 10544: 10542: 10535: 10519: 10515: 10506: 10502: 10492: 10490: 10483: 10467: 10460: 10450: 10448: 10441: 10425: 10421: 10411: 10409: 10402: 10386: 10382: 10375: 10361: 10357: 10351:Wayback Machine 10342: 10335: 10325: 10323: 10322:on 5 March 2016 10319: 10312: 10305: 10301: 10287:Wayback Machine 10278: 10274: 10264: 10262: 10249: 10248: 10244: 10234: 10232: 10217: 10216: 10212: 10202: 10200: 10185: 10184: 10180: 10170: 10168: 10157: 10153: 10143: 10141: 10126: 10122: 10116:Wayback Machine 10104: 10100: 10090: 10088: 10071: 10067: 10057: 10055: 10046: 10045: 10041: 10031: 10029: 10020: 10019: 10015: 10006: 9999: 9989: 9987: 9978: 9977: 9973: 9963: 9961: 9957: 9950: 9946: 9945: 9941: 9931: 9929: 9920: 9919: 9900: 9861: 9857: 9847: 9845: 9836: 9835: 9831: 9821: 9819: 9818:on 29 June 2020 9808: 9804: 9794: 9792: 9783: 9782: 9778: 9768: 9766: 9757: 9756: 9752: 9739: 9738: 9734: 9724: 9722: 9709: 9708: 9704: 9694: 9692: 9683: 9682: 9678: 9673:Wayback Machine 9661: 9657: 9647: 9645: 9636: 9635: 9631: 9621: 9619: 9608: 9604: 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BRILL, 1997, 8561: 8557: 8547: 8545: 8536: 8535: 8531: 8521: 8519: 8504: 8503: 8499: 8489: 8487: 8478: 8477: 8473: 8463: 8461: 8452: 8451: 8447: 8437: 8435: 8426: 8425: 8421: 8411: 8409: 8402:BBC News Türkçe 8396: 8395: 8391: 8372: 8356: 8352: 8305: 8301: 8292: 8288: 8278: 8276: 8263: 8262: 8258: 8248: 8246: 8233: 8232: 8228: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8204: 8189: 8165:. I.B. Tauris. 8157: 8153: 8143: 8141: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8118: 8117: 8111: 8107: 8071: 8067: 8062: 8058: 8053: 8005: 7969: 7930: 7823:Abdullah Öcalan 7820: 7800:Murat Karayılan 7742:Bingöl Province 7718: 7665:a truck bombing 7647:blew herself up 7522:Mardin Province 7499:Massimo D'Alema 7488:Bitlis Province 7463:Bitlis Province 7452:Bingöl Province 7438:Bitlis Province 7434:Batman Province 7382:Mardin Province 7371:Şırnak Province 7367: 7334:Abdullah Öcalan 7326:Abdullah Öcalan 7302:suicide bombers 7270: 7233: 7181: 7143: 7130: 7055:assimilationist 7047: 7045:State terrorism 7035:mass migrations 6908: 6888: 6882: 6876: 6848: 6810: 6804: 6785: 6277:24–25 July 2015 6161:Operation Tokat 6071:Operation Steel 6011:Operation Ejder 5853:Operation Kirpi 5593: 5584: 5581:siege of Kobani 5165:Security forces 5146: 4492:Security forces 4473: 4462: 4456: 4453: 4438: 4426: 4422: 4080: 4021: 4013:Abdullah Öcalan 3981: 3975: 3939:Iraqi Kurdistan 3859:allies began a 3817:On 6 May 2016, 3719: 3709: 3703: 3694: 3688: 3598: 3592: 3555:Ahmet Davutoglu 3547:Bashar al-Assad 3539: 3492: 3467: 3431:local elections 3423: 3387: 3361: 3324: 3287: 3282: 3238:Murat Karayilan 3179:Iraqi Kurdistan 3169:KONGRA-GEL flag 3155: 3110: 3102:Iraqi Kurdistan 3086: 3074:Iraqi Kurdistan 3026: 3010:Çewlik massacre 2963: 2893: 2888: 2880:state terrorism 2827:Murat Karayilan 2776:Iraqi Kurdistan 2646:, Kemal Pir to 2620: 2615: 2544:Abdullah Öcalan 2529:suicide bombers 2457:Abdullah Öcalan 2426:Iraqi Kurdistan 2375: 2374: 2373: 2368: 2362: 2347: 2302: 2296: 2294: 2293: 2291: 2261: 2256: 2243: 2220: 2155: 2131:Istanbul (2022) 1935:Arslan Kulaksız 1755:Winter campaign 1676: 1667: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1624: 1614: 1590: 1588: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1560: 1558: 1551: 1549: 1541: 1534: 1532: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1487:: 60,000–75,000 1480: 1476: 1475:: 65,000 (2010) 1471: 1466: 1461: 1447: 1444: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1405: 1395: 1393: 1385: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1364: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1343: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1287: 1285: 1277: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1256: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1235: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1165:Abdullah Öcalan 1159: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1147: 1139: 1137: 1136: 1128: 1126: 1125: 1117: 1115: 1114: 1106: 1104: 1103: 1101:Murat Karayılan 1095: 1093: 1092: 1085: 1073: 1061: 1049: 1037: 1033:Ahmet Davutoğlu 1025: 1021:Binali Yıldırım 1013: 1001: 989: 977: 965: 953: 941: 929: 925:Yaşar Büyükanıt 917: 905: 893: 881: 869: 857: 845: 833: 821: 809: 797: 785: 773: 761: 749: 739: 736: 735: 730: 721: 719: 718: 710: 708: 707: 699: 697: 696: 687: 685: 684: 683: 660: 658: 657: 646: 644: 632: 630: 620: 618: 614:THKP-C/MLSPB-DC 608: 606: 596: 594: 584: 582: 572: 570: 557: 555: 542: 540: 530: 528: 524:Sinjar Alliance 501: 499: 482: 480: 468: 466: 456: 454: 444: 442: 428: 426: 416: 414: 401: 399: 389: 387: 377: 375: 365: 363: 350: 348: 307: 305: 277: 275: 263: 261: 251: 249: 233: 231: 221: 219: 209: 207: 197: 195: 185: 183: 173: 171: 161: 159: 145: 124:since July 2015 122:Renewed warfare 117:Siege of Kobani 90: 61: 44: 17: 12: 11: 5: 25517: 25507: 25506: 25501: 25496: 25491: 25486: 25481: 25476: 25471: 25466: 25461: 25456: 25451: 25446: 25441: 25424: 25423: 25421: 25420: 25415: 25410: 25405: 25400: 25394: 25392: 25391:Related topics 25388: 25387: 25385: 25384: 25378: 25376: 25370: 25369: 25366: 25365: 25363: 25362: 25361: 25360: 25355: 25345: 25340: 25335: 25330: 25324: 25322: 25318: 25317: 25315: 25314: 25309: 25304: 25299: 25293: 25291: 25287: 25286: 25284: 25283: 25282: 25281: 25270: 25268: 25264: 25263: 25261: 25260: 25259: 25258: 25255: 25253:Qatif conflict 25244: 25242: 25238: 25237: 25235: 25234: 25233: 25232: 25227: 25222: 25211: 25209: 25205: 25204: 25202: 25201: 25196: 25191: 25186: 25180: 25178: 25174: 25173: 25171: 25170: 25169: 25168: 25158: 25157: 25156: 25151: 25140: 25138: 25134: 25133: 25131: 25130: 25129: 25128: 25123: 25118: 25113: 25108: 25101:Iraqi conflict 25098: 25097: 25096: 25085: 25083: 25079: 25078: 25076: 25075: 25070: 25069: 25068: 25063: 25058: 25048: 25047: 25046: 25044:Qatif conflict 25036: 25031: 25030: 25029: 25024: 25019: 25008: 25006: 25002: 25001: 24999: 24998: 24992: 24990: 24986: 24985: 24983: 24982: 24981: 24980: 24975: 24970: 24959: 24957: 24950: 24946: 24945: 24942: 24941: 24939: 24938: 24933: 24927: 24925: 24921: 24920: 24918: 24917: 24912: 24906: 24904: 24900: 24899: 24897: 24896: 24891: 24886: 24880: 24878: 24874: 24873: 24871: 24870: 24864: 24862: 24858: 24857: 24855: 24854: 24853: 24852: 24847: 24842: 24841: 24840: 24835: 24830: 24817: 24811: 24809: 24802: 24798: 24797: 24794: 24793: 24791: 24790: 24785: 24784: 24783: 24776: 24764: 24759: 24753: 24751: 24747: 24746: 24744: 24743: 24738: 24733: 24727: 24725: 24721: 24720: 24718: 24717: 24712: 24706: 24704: 24700: 24699: 24697: 24696: 24695: 24694: 24689: 24684: 24679: 24677:Karen conflict 24668: 24666: 24662: 24661: 24659: 24658: 24653: 24648: 24642: 24640: 24636: 24635: 24633: 24632: 24626: 24624: 24617: 24616:Southeast Asia 24613: 24612: 24609: 24608: 24606: 24605: 24599: 24597: 24593: 24592: 24590: 24589: 24588: 24587: 24582: 24577: 24566: 24564: 24555: 24554: 24552: 24551: 24546: 24541: 24535: 24533: 24526: 24522: 24521: 24518: 24517: 24515: 24514: 24509: 24504: 24498: 24496: 24492: 24491: 24489: 24488: 24483: 24478: 24472: 24470: 24466: 24465: 24463: 24462: 24457: 24452: 24447: 24446: 24445: 24440: 24435: 24430: 24425: 24415: 24409: 24407: 24403: 24402: 24400: 24399: 24394: 24389: 24384: 24379: 24378: 24377: 24372: 24367: 24362: 24357: 24346: 24344: 24337: 24333: 24332: 24321: 24320: 24313: 24306: 24298: 24289: 24288: 24277: 24274: 24273: 24271: 24270: 24267:Red Sea crisis 24263: 24256: 24249: 24243: 24241: 24237: 24236: 24234: 24233: 24232: 24231: 24217: 24210: 24203: 24198: 24193: 24192: 24191: 24175: 24174: 24173: 24166: 24154: 24148: 24146: 24142: 24141: 24139: 24138: 24133: 24128: 24127: 24126: 24114: 24109: 24104: 24097: 24089: 24087: 24083: 24082: 24080: 24079: 24074: 24069: 24064: 24057: 24052: 24047: 24042: 24037: 24029: 24027: 24023: 24022: 24020: 24019: 24014: 24012:Mecca massacre 24009: 24004: 23999: 23994: 23989: 23988: 23987: 23975: 23970: 23962: 23960: 23956: 23955: 23953: 23952: 23947: 23942: 23937: 23936: 23935: 23925: 23920: 23915: 23910: 23905: 23900: 23893: 23888: 23883: 23878: 23872: 23870: 23866: 23865: 23863: 23862: 23857: 23856: 23855: 23850: 23848:First Intifada 23845: 23833: 23831:1964 Hama riot 23828: 23826:Aden Emergency 23823: 23818: 23813: 23808: 23801: 23796: 23795: 23794: 23789: 23777: 23771: 23769: 23765: 23764: 23762: 23761: 23756: 23751: 23746: 23741: 23736: 23731: 23726: 23721: 23715: 23713: 23709: 23708: 23706: 23705: 23704: 23703: 23698: 23693: 23688: 23683: 23671: 23670: 23669: 23657: 23652: 23647: 23642: 23641: 23640: 23635: 23630: 23625: 23612: 23610: 23606: 23605: 23603: 23602: 23597: 23592: 23587: 23582: 23577: 23572: 23567: 23562: 23556: 23554: 23550: 23549: 23547: 23546: 23541: 23536: 23531: 23526: 23521: 23516: 23510: 23508: 23504: 23503: 23501: 23500: 23495: 23494: 23493: 23488: 23483: 23478: 23473: 23468: 23467: 23466: 23449: 23444: 23439: 23434: 23433: 23432: 23427: 23422: 23417: 23412: 23411: 23410: 23393: 23387: 23385: 23381: 23380: 23373: 23372: 23365: 23358: 23350: 23341: 23340: 23338: 23337: 23325: 23313: 23301: 23289: 23276: 23273: 23272: 23269: 23268: 23266: 23265: 23260: 23255: 23250: 23245: 23240: 23239: 23238: 23228: 23223: 23218: 23213: 23208: 23203: 23202: 23201: 23199:Radio stations 23196: 23191: 23181: 23176: 23171: 23166: 23161: 23156: 23151: 23146: 23145: 23144: 23134: 23129: 23124: 23119: 23118: 23117: 23112: 23102: 23096: 23094: 23085: 23084: 23079: 23074: 23069: 23068: 23067: 23062: 23057: 23047: 23042: 23041: 23040: 23030: 23025: 23024: 23023: 23012: 23010: 23006: 23005: 23003: 23002: 22997: 22992: 22991: 22990: 22985: 22980: 22970: 22969: 22968: 22958: 22957: 22956: 22946: 22941: 22936: 22934:Turkish people 22930: 22928: 22922: 22921: 22919: 22918: 22917: 22916: 22911: 22906: 22899:Transportation 22896: 22891: 22886: 22881: 22876: 22875: 22874: 22869: 22864: 22859: 22849: 22844: 22839: 22834: 22829: 22823: 22821: 22815: 22814: 22811: 22810: 22808: 22807: 22806: 22805: 22800: 22795: 22785: 22780: 22779: 22778: 22773: 22763: 22758: 22753: 22747: 22745: 22741: 22740: 22738: 22737: 22732: 22727: 22722: 22721: 22720: 22715: 22704: 22702: 22696: 22695: 22693: 22692: 22691: 22690: 22685: 22680: 22675: 22665: 22664: 22663: 22653: 22647: 22645: 22638: 22632: 22631: 22628: 22627: 22625: 22624: 22619: 22614: 22609: 22607:National parks 22604: 22599: 22594: 22589: 22584: 22579: 22578: 22577: 22572: 22562: 22561: 22560: 22555: 22545: 22544: 22543: 22541:Climate change 22532: 22530: 22526: 22525: 22523: 22522: 22517: 22512: 22507: 22502: 22497: 22492: 22490:Marmara Region 22486: 22484: 22482:(west to east) 22471: 22465: 22464: 22461: 22460: 22458: 22457: 22452: 22447: 22442: 22437: 22436: 22435: 22424: 22422: 22418: 22417: 22415: 22414: 22409: 22408: 22407: 22397: 22395:Constitutional 22391: 22389: 22385: 22384: 22382: 22381: 22376: 22371: 22370: 22369: 22364: 22354: 22349: 22343: 22341: 22335: 22334: 22332: 22331: 22330: 22329: 22319: 22318: 22317: 22312: 22307: 22297: 22296: 22295: 22285: 22283:Transformation 22280: 22279: 22278: 22268: 22262: 22260: 22258:Ottoman Empire 22254: 22253: 22251: 22250: 22245: 22240: 22239: 22238: 22227: 22225: 22215: 22214: 22212: 22211: 22206: 22201: 22195: 22193: 22186: 22180: 22179: 22165: 22164: 22157: 22150: 22142: 22133: 22132: 22129: 22128: 22126: 22125: 22120: 22115: 22110: 22105: 22100: 22095: 22090: 22085: 22079: 22077: 22073: 22072: 22070: 22069: 22064: 22059: 22053: 22051: 22037: 22033: 22032: 22029: 22028: 22026: 22025: 22023:Süleyman Soylu 22020: 22015: 22010: 22005: 22000: 21995: 21990: 21985: 21980: 21975: 21970: 21965: 21960: 21954: 21952: 21948: 21947: 21945: 21944: 21939: 21934: 21929: 21924: 21919: 21914: 21909: 21904: 21899: 21894: 21889: 21884: 21879: 21874: 21872:Necip Torumtay 21869: 21864: 21862:Nurettin Ersin 21859: 21854: 21849: 21843: 21841: 21834: 21830: 21829: 21826: 21825: 21823: 21822: 21817: 21815:Osman Baydemir 21812: 21810:Fatma Kurtulan 21807: 21802: 21800:Sebahat Tuncel 21797: 21792: 21787: 21785:Gültan Kışanak 21782: 21777: 21772: 21767: 21762: 21757: 21752: 21747: 21742: 21737: 21732: 21727: 21721: 21719: 21715: 21714: 21712: 21711: 21706: 21701: 21696: 21691: 21686: 21684:Nizamettin Taş 21681: 21676: 21674:Mahsum Korkmaz 21671: 21666: 21661: 21656: 21654:Mustafa Karasu 21651: 21646: 21641: 21636: 21630: 21628: 21621: 21617: 21616: 21614: 21613: 21608: 21603: 21598: 21593: 21587: 21585: 21579: 21578: 21575: 21574: 21572: 21571: 21565: 21563: 21559: 21558: 21556: 21555: 21550: 21545: 21540: 21535: 21530: 21525: 21520: 21515: 21510: 21505: 21499: 21497: 21488: 21484: 21483: 21480: 21479: 21477: 21476: 21471: 21466: 21461: 21456: 21455: 21454: 21444: 21439: 21434: 21429: 21424: 21419: 21414: 21409: 21404: 21399: 21394: 21389: 21384: 21379: 21374: 21369: 21364: 21359: 21354: 21349: 21344: 21339: 21334: 21329: 21323: 21321: 21315: 21314: 21312: 21311: 21306: 21301: 21296: 21291: 21286: 21281: 21276: 21271: 21266: 21261: 21256: 21251: 21246: 21241: 21236: 21231: 21226: 21220: 21218: 21214: 21213: 21208: 21206: 21202: 21201: 21199: 21198: 21197: 21196: 21186: 21181: 21179:Operation Dawn 21176: 21171: 21166: 21164:Siege of Varto 21161: 21156: 21151: 21149:Operation Hawk 21146: 21141: 21136: 21131: 21126: 21121: 21116: 21114:Battle of Kulp 21111: 21106: 21101: 21096: 21091: 21086: 21081: 21076: 21071: 21065: 21063: 21059: 21058: 21056: 21055: 21050: 21048:Maraş massacre 21045: 21039: 21037: 21030: 21026: 21025: 21022: 21021: 21019: 21018: 21017:(2023–present) 21012: 21011:(2014–present) 21006: 21005:(2012–present) 21000: 20994: 20988: 20982: 20976: 20970: 20964: 20957: 20955: 20949: 20948: 20946: 20945: 20930: 20925: 20919: 20917: 20913: 20912: 20910: 20909: 20897: 20892: 20887: 20881: 20868: 20862: 20850: 20838: 20826: 20814: 20808: 20802: 20796: 20790: 20784: 20778: 20772: 20766: 20760: 20754: 20748: 20742: 20736: 20730: 20724: 20711: 20698: 20697: 20696: 20679: 20666: 20664: 20657: 20650: 20649: 20646: 20645: 20643: 20642: 20637: 20632: 20627: 20622: 20617: 20611: 20609: 20603: 20602: 20600: 20599: 20597:Village Guards 20594: 20589: 20584: 20579: 20574: 20569: 20564: 20559: 20554: 20549: 20543: 20541: 20534: 20520: 20519: 20517: 20516: 20511: 20505: 20502: 20501: 20494: 20493: 20486: 20479: 20471: 20464: 20463: 20441: 20413: 20385: 20374:. 25 July 2015 20356: 20327: 20291: 20265: 20239: 20214: 20188: 20162: 20136: 20111: 20085: 20068:Turkish Weekly 20055: 20037: 20022: 20019:. August 1987. 20007: 19979: 19964: 19937: 19912: 19891: 19866: 19840: 19829:. 10 June 2014 19814: 19788: 19770: 19756: 19736: 19722: 19702: 19657: 19654:. p. 392. 19652:Serxwebun 1997 19643: 19617: 19592: 19567: 19541: 19519: 19497: 19475: 19453: 19430: 19409: 19398:on 4 June 2016 19379: 19353: 19319: 19294: 19272: 19261:. 22 June 2010 19246: 19227:(in Turkish). 19216: 19197:(in Turkish). 19186: 19167:(in Turkish). 19156: 19130: 19105: 19096: 19065: 19056: 19049: 19029: 19004: 18986: 18956: 18924: 18902: 18893: 18865: 18851: 18831: 18804: 18757: 18745: 18736:|journal= 18707: 18679: 18653: 18630: 18616: 18596: 18565: 18536:(2): 169–189. 18517: 18502: 18476: 18451: 18426: 18398: 18391: 18352: 18331:on 22 May 2011 18309: 18276: 18246: 18220: 18203:Al-Masdar News 18189: 18182: 18164: 18136: 18110: 18093: 18079: 18056: 18042: 18006: 17984: 17958: 17937: 17912: 17882: 17856: 17849: 17829: 17807: 17794:Spiegel Online 17779: 17760: 17744: 17709: 17684: 17658: 17644: 17618: 17607:. 31 July 1999 17605:"Kurdistanica" 17596: 17570: 17563: 17541: 17534: 17514: 17500: 17474: 17449: 17430:(2): 275–306. 17424:World Politics 17411: 17389: 17360: 17346: 17326: 17310: 17287:(6): 100–114. 17265: 17258: 17235: 17233:: p. 38. 2007. 17215: 17210:www.ntv.com.tr 17197: 17179: 17168:. 2 April 2018 17153: 17127: 17113: 17099: 17080: 17066: 17036: 17019:Thaindian News 17006: 16976: 16958: 16940: 16922: 16904: 16886: 16875: 16856: 16838: 16820: 16790: 16764: 16747: 16720: 16698: 16672: 16637: 16620: 16613: 16588: 16579:|journal= 16532: 16502: 16491:on 8 July 2012 16475: 16449: 16427: 16401: 16368: 16338: 16312: 16280: 16245: 16198: 16176: 16146: 16116: 16077: 16044: 16018: 15987: 15972:(in Turkish). 15955: 15925: 15883: 15851: 15819: 15794: 15771:(1): 154–183. 15751: 15721: 15702: 15687:. Al Jazeera. 15676: 15646: 15616: 15601:. 8 May 2016. 15586: 15571:. 8 May 2016. 15556: 15524: 15498: 15468: 15438: 15412: 15382: 15356: 15326: 15296: 15266: 15240: 15218: 15187: 15157: 15127: 15097: 15071: 15045: 15019: 14989: 14963: 14933: 14903: 14877: 14851: 14828: 14811:Turkish Weekly 14798: 14779: 14777:, 26 July 2012 14755: 14725: 14695: 14669: 14639: 14609: 14579: 14547: 14529: 14497: 14479: 14449: 14425: 14395: 14365: 14332: 14306: 14280: 14254: 14224: 14213:. 20 June 2010 14198: 14172: 14146: 14116: 14101:. 1 May 2010. 14099:People's Daily 14086: 14060: 14027: 14001: 13971: 13928: 13898: 13881:Foreign Policy 13867: 13837: 13807: 13783: 13781:, 28 July 2008 13761: 13738: 13708: 13690:Jerusalem Post 13676: 13650: 13616: 13592: 13562: 13540: 13509: 13479: 13453: 13421: 13389: 13357: 13322: 13292: 13261: 13235: 13205: 13175: 13163: 13136: 13129: 13111: 13078: 13044: 13014: 12990: 12964: 12944: 12918: 12896: 12866: 12839: 12808: 12791:Turkish Weekly 12778: 12746: 12715: 12689: 12668: 12635: 12605: 12587:New York Times 12572: 12533: 12508: 12484: 12472: 12465: 12447: 12414: 12395: 12381: 12357: 12333: 12326: 12308: 12295: 12264: 12257: 12236: 12212: 12205: 12187: 12168: 12151:Turkish Weekly 12123: 12101: 12082: 12059: 12030: 12011: 11991: 11984: 11961: 11942: 11911: 11897:Report of the 11890: 11864: 11815: 11791: 11767: 11743: 11728: 11708: 11669: 11634: 11606: 11576: 11543: 11513: 11501: 11466: 11429: 11385: 11320: 11284: 11243: 11215: 11200:. p. 46. 11175: 11157:978-1564322265 11156: 11136: 11118:978-1564320964 11117: 11097: 11068: 11033: 11015:978-1135140632 11014: 10991: 10973:978-0292758131 10972: 10949: 10943:978-0312325466 10942: 10913: 10906: 10881: 10841: 10794: 10757: 10720: 10710:978-1506329307 10709: 10687: 10669:978-0230598584 10668: 10644: 10626:978-1107054608 10625: 10605: 10588:Minority Rules 10579: 10573:978-1317151296 10572: 10552: 10533: 10513: 10500: 10481: 10458: 10440:978-3319422190 10439: 10419: 10400: 10380: 10374:978-3896575647 10373: 10355: 10333: 10299: 10272: 10242: 10210: 10178: 10151: 10120: 10098: 10065: 10039: 10013: 9997: 9971: 9960:on 31 May 2011 9939: 9898: 9871:(4): 549–564. 9855: 9829: 9810:Tore Kjeilen. 9802: 9776: 9750: 9732: 9702: 9676: 9655: 9644:on 15 May 2011 9629: 9602: 9572: 9540: 9509: 9483: 9457: 9431: 9405: 9377: 9350: 9323: 9294: 9264: 9247:Turkish Weekly 9234: 9216:978-0521684262 9215: 9195: 9177:978-0812207835 9176: 9156: 9119: 9071: 9033: 9031:, 15 June 2006 9021: 8999: 8973: 8939: 8928: 8902: 8874: 8848: 8818: 8788: 8758: 8732: 8706: 8677: 8666:on 20 May 2013 8651: 8621: 8595: 8583: 8555: 8529: 8514:. 9 May 2017. 8497: 8482:. 2 May 2017. 8471: 8445: 8419: 8389: 8370: 8350: 8299: 8286: 8256: 8239:al-monitor.com 8226: 8202: 8187: 8151: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8116: 8115: 8105: 8065: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8048: 8047: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8004: 8001: 7968: 7965: 7929: 7928:Child soldiers 7926: 7827:Mahsum Korkmaz 7819: 7816: 7717: 7714: 7514: 7513: 7510: 7507: 7366: 7363: 7306:child soldiers 7269: 7266: 7232: 7229: 7180: 7177: 7142: 7139: 7129: 7126: 7063:Kurdish people 7046: 7043: 7026: 7025: 7021: 6907: 6904: 6878:Main article: 6875: 6872: 6847: 6844: 6803: 6800: 6796:Rojava regions 6781: 6780: 6777: 6774: 6771: 6767: 6766: 6763: 6760: 6757: 6754: 6749: 6746: 6737: 6733: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6723: 6720: 6715: 6712: 6707: 6703: 6702: 6699: 6696: 6693: 6690: 6685: 6682: 6677: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6666: 6663: 6660: 6655: 6652: 6647: 6643: 6642: 6639: 6636: 6633: 6630: 6625: 6622: 6617: 6613: 6612: 6609: 6606: 6603: 6600: 6595: 6592: 6587: 6583: 6582: 6579: 6576: 6573: 6570: 6565: 6562: 6557: 6553: 6552: 6549: 6546: 6543: 6540: 6535: 6532: 6527: 6523: 6522: 6519: 6516: 6513: 6510: 6505: 6502: 6497: 6493: 6492: 6489: 6486: 6483: 6480: 6475: 6472: 6467: 6463: 6462: 6459: 6456: 6453: 6450: 6445: 6442: 6433: 6432:15 August 2018 6429: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6419: 6416: 6411: 6408: 6403: 6399: 6398: 6395: 6392: 6389: 6386: 6381: 6378: 6373: 6369: 6368: 6365: 6362: 6359: 6356: 6351: 6348: 6339: 6335: 6334: 6331: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6316: 6313: 6308: 6304: 6303: 6300: 6297: 6294: 6291: 6286: 6283: 6278: 6274: 6273: 6270: 6267: 6264: 6261: 6256: 6253: 6248: 6244: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6229:Operation Dawn 6226: 6223: 6218: 6214: 6213: 6210: 6207: 6204: 6201: 6196: 6193: 6180: 6176: 6175: 6172: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6158: 6155: 6150: 6146: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6136: 6133: 6128: 6125: 6120: 6116: 6115: 6112: 6109: 6106: 6103: 6098: 6095: 6090: 6086: 6085: 6082: 6079: 6076: 6073: 6068: 6065: 6060: 6056: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6046: 6043: 6038: 6035: 6030: 6026: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6008: 6005: 6000: 5996: 5995: 5992: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5978: 5975: 5966: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5949: 5944: 5941: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5914: 5911: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5884: 5881: 5872: 5868: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5850: 5847: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5827: 5824: 5821: 5816: 5813: 5808: 5804: 5803: 5800: 5797: 5794: 5791: 5786: 5783: 5778: 5774: 5773: 5770: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5756: 5753: 5748: 5747:30 August 1992 5744: 5743: 5740: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5726: 5723: 5718: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5704: 5701: 5696: 5693: 5688: 5684: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5666: 5663: 5658: 5657:15 August 1986 5654: 5653: 5650: 5647: 5644: 5641: 5636: 5633: 5628: 5624: 5623: 5620: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5592: 5589: 5571: 5570: 5563: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5527: 5524: 5521: 5518: 5515: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5478: 5475: 5472: 5469: 5466: 5460: 5459: 5454: 5451: 5448: 5445: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5421: 5418: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5403: 5400: 5397: 5394: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5379: 5376: 5373: 5370: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5355: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5340: 5339: 5332: 5327: 5324: 5321: 5318: 5312: 5311: 5308: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5291: 5284: 5283: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5244: 5243: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5220: 5219: 5212: 5207: 5204: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5091: 5090: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5028: 5027: 5022: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5007: 5006: 5001: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4980: 4977: 4974: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4959: 4956: 4953: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4938: 4935: 4932: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4749: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4677: 4671: 4670: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4656: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4623: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4578: 4575: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4560: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4536: 4533: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4515: 4512: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4475: 4474: 4457:September 2024 4429: 4427: 4420: 4413: 4412: 4409: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4344: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4166: 4165: 4162: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4114: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4099:High estimate 4097: 4094: 4079: 4076: 4072:Sebahat Tuncel 4037:Anadolu Agency 4029:Şırnak clashes 4020: 4017: 3985:Kamuran Dundar 3977:Main article: 3974: 3971: 3723:Syrian Kurdish 3705:Main article: 3702: 3699: 3690:Main article: 3687: 3684: 3626:Leyla Söylemez 3594:Main article: 3591: 3588: 3572:deadly bombing 3538: 3535: 3525:multiple raids 3502:, October 2011 3491: 3488: 3466: 3463: 3422: 3419: 3386: 3383: 3360: 3357: 3323: 3320: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3230:Nizamettin Tas 3154: 3151: 3109: 3106: 3085: 3082: 3061:Village Guards 3025: 3022: 2971:Jalal Talabani 2962: 2959: 2943:Special Forces 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2863:Mahsum Korkmaz 2859:Sabahattin Ali 2855:Ayten Yildirim 2736:Mahsum Korkmaz 2715:Maraş Massacre 2626:also included 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2577:following the 2560:Sea of Marmara 2533:child soldiers 2370: 2369: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2290: 2289: 2282: 2275: 2267: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2254: 2252:Assassinations 2248: 2247: 2242: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2225: 2224: 2219: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2154: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1947: 1937: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1920: 1915: 1909: 1908: 1902: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1889:Hakkâri (2012) 1886: 1881: 1879:Hakkâri (2011) 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1824:Hakkâri (2007) 1820: 1819: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1681: 1680: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1657: 1656: 1649: 1642: 1634: 1626: 1625: 1609:(PKK) and the 1585: 1584: 1563: 1562: 1543: 1525: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1481: 1473:Village Guards 1454: 1453: 1449: 1448: 1446: 1445: 1432: 1412: 1391: 1371: 1350: 1329: 1316: 1303: 1283: 1263: 1242: 1231:Mahsum Korkmaz 1221: 1218:Nizamettin Taş 1208: 1195: 1175: 1151: 1150: 1149: 1112:Mustafa Karasu 1086: 1084: 1083: 1071: 1059: 1057:Süleyman Soylu 1047: 1035: 1023: 1011: 1009:Nurettin Ersin 999: 987: 985:Necip Torumtay 975: 963: 951: 939: 927: 915: 903: 891: 879: 867: 855: 843: 831: 819: 807: 795: 783: 771: 759: 757:Fahri Korutürk 747: 733: 732: 731: 676: 675: 671: 670: 642: 641: 628: 616: 604: 592: 580: 553: 552: 551: 550: 538: 521: 520: 519: 514: 497: 496: 495: 490: 478: 477: 476: 440: 439: 438: 437: 436: 424: 397: 385: 345: 344: 343: 340: 334: 328: 316: 315: 303: 302: 301: 299:Village Guards 296: 291: 273: 272: 271: 247: 246: 245: 244: 243: 242: 241: 229: 217: 193: 140: 139: 135: 134: 131: 130: 129: 128: 125: 119: 110: 109:during 2012–15 96: 92: 91: 70: 68: 64: 63: 55: 47: 46: 36: 35: 28: 27: 21: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 25516: 25505: 25502: 25500: 25497: 25495: 25492: 25490: 25487: 25485: 25482: 25480: 25477: 25475: 25472: 25470: 25467: 25465: 25462: 25460: 25457: 25455: 25452: 25450: 25447: 25445: 25442: 25440: 25437: 25436: 25434: 25419: 25416: 25414: 25411: 25409: 25406: 25404: 25401: 25399: 25398:War on terror 25396: 25395: 25393: 25389: 25383: 25380: 25379: 25377: 25371: 25359: 25356: 25354: 25351: 25350: 25349: 25346: 25344: 25341: 25339: 25336: 25334: 25331: 25329: 25326: 25325: 25323: 25319: 25313: 25310: 25308: 25305: 25303: 25300: 25298: 25295: 25294: 25292: 25288: 25280: 25277: 25276: 25275: 25272: 25271: 25269: 25265: 25256: 25254: 25251: 25250: 25249: 25246: 25245: 25243: 25239: 25231: 25228: 25226: 25223: 25221: 25218: 25217: 25216: 25213: 25212: 25210: 25206: 25200: 25197: 25195: 25192: 25190: 25187: 25185: 25182: 25181: 25179: 25175: 25167: 25164: 25163: 25162: 25159: 25155: 25152: 25150: 25147: 25146: 25145: 25142: 25141: 25139: 25135: 25127: 25124: 25122: 25119: 25117: 25114: 25112: 25109: 25107: 25104: 25103: 25102: 25099: 25095: 25092: 25091: 25090: 25087: 25086: 25084: 25080: 25074: 25071: 25067: 25064: 25062: 25059: 25057: 25054: 25053: 25052: 25049: 25045: 25042: 25041: 25040: 25037: 25035: 25032: 25028: 25025: 25023: 25020: 25018: 25015: 25014: 25013: 25010: 25009: 25007: 25003: 24997: 24994: 24993: 24991: 24987: 24979: 24976: 24974: 24973:2016 conflict 24971: 24969: 24966: 24965: 24964: 24961: 24960: 24958: 24954: 24951: 24947: 24937: 24934: 24932: 24929: 24928: 24926: 24922: 24916: 24913: 24911: 24908: 24907: 24905: 24901: 24895: 24892: 24890: 24887: 24885: 24882: 24881: 24879: 24875: 24869: 24866: 24865: 24863: 24859: 24851: 24848: 24846: 24845:2001–2021 War 24843: 24839: 24836: 24834: 24831: 24829: 24826: 24825: 24823: 24822: 24821: 24818: 24816: 24813: 24812: 24810: 24806: 24803: 24799: 24789: 24786: 24781: 24777: 24774: 24770: 24769: 24768: 24765: 24763: 24760: 24758: 24755: 24754: 24752: 24748: 24742: 24739: 24737: 24734: 24732: 24729: 24728: 24726: 24722: 24716: 24713: 24711: 24708: 24707: 24705: 24701: 24693: 24690: 24688: 24685: 24683: 24680: 24678: 24675: 24674: 24673: 24670: 24669: 24667: 24663: 24657: 24654: 24652: 24649: 24647: 24644: 24643: 24641: 24637: 24631: 24628: 24627: 24625: 24621: 24618: 24614: 24604: 24601: 24600: 24598: 24594: 24586: 24583: 24581: 24578: 24576: 24573: 24572: 24571: 24568: 24567: 24565: 24556: 24550: 24547: 24545: 24542: 24540: 24537: 24536: 24534: 24530: 24527: 24523: 24513: 24510: 24508: 24505: 24503: 24500: 24499: 24497: 24493: 24487: 24484: 24482: 24479: 24477: 24474: 24473: 24471: 24467: 24461: 24458: 24456: 24453: 24451: 24448: 24444: 24441: 24439: 24436: 24434: 24431: 24429: 24426: 24424: 24421: 24420: 24419: 24416: 24414: 24411: 24410: 24408: 24404: 24398: 24395: 24393: 24390: 24388: 24385: 24383: 24380: 24376: 24373: 24371: 24368: 24366: 24363: 24361: 24358: 24356: 24353: 24352: 24351: 24348: 24347: 24345: 24341: 24338: 24334: 24330: 24327: 24319: 24314: 24312: 24307: 24305: 24300: 24299: 24296: 24284: 24282: 24275: 24269: 24268: 24264: 24262: 24261: 24257: 24255: 24254: 24250: 24248: 24245: 24244: 24242: 24238: 24230: 24229: 24228: 24223: 24222: 24221: 24220:Yemeni crisis 24218: 24216: 24215: 24211: 24209: 24208: 24204: 24202: 24199: 24197: 24194: 24190: 24189: 24185: 24184: 24183: 24182: 24181: 24176: 24172: 24171: 24167: 24165: 24164: 24160: 24159: 24158: 24155: 24153: 24150: 24149: 24147: 24143: 24137: 24134: 24132: 24129: 24125: 24122: 24121: 24120: 24119: 24115: 24113: 24110: 24108: 24105: 24103: 24102: 24098: 24096: 24095: 24091: 24090: 24088: 24084: 24078: 24075: 24073: 24070: 24068: 24065: 24063: 24062: 24058: 24056: 24053: 24051: 24048: 24046: 24043: 24041: 24038: 24036: 24035: 24031: 24030: 24028: 24024: 24018: 24015: 24013: 24010: 24008: 24005: 24003: 24000: 23998: 23995: 23993: 23990: 23986: 23985: 23981: 23980: 23979: 23976: 23974: 23971: 23969: 23968: 23967:Iran–Iraq War 23964: 23963: 23961: 23957: 23951: 23948: 23946: 23943: 23941: 23938: 23934: 23931: 23930: 23929: 23926: 23924: 23921: 23919: 23918:NDF Rebellion 23916: 23914: 23911: 23909: 23906: 23904: 23901: 23899: 23898: 23894: 23892: 23889: 23887: 23884: 23882: 23879: 23877: 23874: 23873: 23871: 23867: 23861: 23858: 23854: 23851: 23849: 23846: 23844: 23841: 23840: 23839: 23838: 23834: 23832: 23829: 23827: 23824: 23822: 23819: 23817: 23814: 23812: 23809: 23807: 23806: 23802: 23800: 23797: 23793: 23790: 23788: 23785: 23784: 23783: 23782: 23778: 23776: 23773: 23772: 23770: 23766: 23760: 23757: 23755: 23752: 23750: 23747: 23745: 23742: 23740: 23737: 23735: 23732: 23730: 23727: 23725: 23722: 23720: 23717: 23716: 23714: 23710: 23702: 23699: 23697: 23694: 23692: 23689: 23687: 23684: 23682: 23679: 23678: 23677: 23676: 23672: 23668: 23665: 23664: 23663: 23662: 23658: 23656: 23653: 23651: 23650:Alwaziri coup 23648: 23646: 23643: 23639: 23636: 23634: 23631: 23629: 23626: 23624: 23621: 23620: 23619: 23618: 23614: 23613: 23611: 23607: 23601: 23598: 23596: 23593: 23591: 23588: 23586: 23583: 23581: 23578: 23576: 23573: 23571: 23568: 23566: 23563: 23561: 23558: 23557: 23555: 23551: 23545: 23542: 23540: 23537: 23535: 23532: 23530: 23527: 23525: 23522: 23520: 23517: 23515: 23512: 23511: 23509: 23505: 23499: 23496: 23492: 23491:United States 23489: 23487: 23484: 23482: 23479: 23477: 23474: 23472: 23469: 23465: 23462: 23461: 23460: 23457: 23456: 23455: 23454: 23450: 23448: 23445: 23443: 23440: 23438: 23435: 23431: 23428: 23426: 23423: 23421: 23418: 23416: 23413: 23409: 23406: 23405: 23404: 23401: 23400: 23399: 23398: 23394: 23392: 23389: 23388: 23386: 23382: 23378: 23371: 23366: 23364: 23359: 23357: 23352: 23351: 23348: 23336: 23335: 23326: 23324: 23323: 23314: 23312: 23311: 23302: 23300: 23299: 23290: 23288: 23287: 23282: 23278: 23277: 23274: 23264: 23261: 23259: 23256: 23254: 23251: 23249: 23246: 23244: 23241: 23237: 23234: 23233: 23232: 23229: 23227: 23224: 23222: 23219: 23217: 23214: 23212: 23209: 23207: 23204: 23200: 23197: 23195: 23192: 23190: 23187: 23186: 23185: 23182: 23180: 23177: 23175: 23172: 23170: 23167: 23165: 23162: 23160: 23157: 23155: 23152: 23150: 23147: 23143: 23140: 23139: 23138: 23135: 23133: 23130: 23128: 23125: 23123: 23120: 23116: 23113: 23111: 23108: 23107: 23106: 23103: 23101: 23098: 23097: 23095: 23093: 23089: 23083: 23080: 23078: 23075: 23073: 23070: 23066: 23063: 23061: 23058: 23056: 23053: 23052: 23051: 23048: 23046: 23043: 23039: 23036: 23035: 23034: 23031: 23029: 23026: 23022: 23019: 23018: 23017: 23014: 23013: 23011: 23007: 23001: 22998: 22996: 22993: 22989: 22986: 22984: 22981: 22979: 22976: 22975: 22974: 22971: 22967: 22964: 22963: 22962: 22959: 22955: 22952: 22951: 22950: 22947: 22945: 22942: 22940: 22937: 22935: 22932: 22931: 22929: 22927: 22923: 22915: 22912: 22910: 22907: 22905: 22902: 22901: 22900: 22897: 22895: 22892: 22890: 22887: 22885: 22882: 22880: 22877: 22873: 22870: 22868: 22865: 22863: 22860: 22858: 22855: 22854: 22853: 22850: 22848: 22845: 22843: 22840: 22838: 22835: 22833: 22830: 22828: 22825: 22824: 22822: 22820: 22816: 22804: 22801: 22799: 22796: 22794: 22791: 22790: 22789: 22786: 22784: 22781: 22777: 22774: 22772: 22769: 22768: 22767: 22764: 22762: 22759: 22757: 22754: 22752: 22749: 22748: 22746: 22742: 22736: 22733: 22731: 22728: 22726: 22723: 22719: 22716: 22714: 22711: 22710: 22709: 22706: 22705: 22703: 22701: 22697: 22689: 22686: 22684: 22681: 22679: 22676: 22674: 22671: 22670: 22669: 22666: 22662: 22659: 22658: 22657: 22654: 22652: 22649: 22648: 22646: 22642: 22639: 22637: 22633: 22623: 22620: 22618: 22615: 22613: 22610: 22608: 22605: 22603: 22600: 22598: 22595: 22593: 22590: 22588: 22585: 22583: 22580: 22576: 22573: 22571: 22570:Air pollution 22568: 22567: 22566: 22563: 22559: 22556: 22554: 22551: 22550: 22549: 22546: 22542: 22539: 22538: 22537: 22534: 22533: 22531: 22527: 22521: 22518: 22516: 22513: 22511: 22508: 22506: 22503: 22501: 22498: 22496: 22495:Aegean Region 22493: 22491: 22488: 22487: 22485: 22479: 22475: 22472: 22470: 22466: 22456: 22453: 22451: 22448: 22446: 22443: 22441: 22440:Turkification 22438: 22434: 22431: 22430: 22429: 22426: 22425: 22423: 22419: 22413: 22410: 22406: 22403: 22402: 22401: 22398: 22396: 22393: 22392: 22390: 22386: 22380: 22377: 22375: 22372: 22368: 22365: 22363: 22360: 22359: 22358: 22355: 22353: 22350: 22348: 22345: 22344: 22342: 22340: 22336: 22328: 22325: 22324: 22323: 22320: 22316: 22313: 22311: 22308: 22306: 22303: 22302: 22301: 22298: 22294: 22291: 22290: 22289: 22286: 22284: 22281: 22277: 22274: 22273: 22272: 22271:Classical Age 22269: 22267: 22264: 22263: 22261: 22259: 22255: 22249: 22246: 22244: 22241: 22237: 22234: 22233: 22232: 22231:Seljuk Empire 22229: 22228: 22226: 22224: 22220: 22216: 22210: 22207: 22205: 22202: 22200: 22197: 22196: 22194: 22190: 22187: 22185: 22181: 22177: 22172: 22163: 22158: 22156: 22151: 22149: 22144: 22143: 22140: 22124: 22121: 22119: 22116: 22114: 22111: 22109: 22106: 22104: 22101: 22099: 22096: 22094: 22091: 22089: 22086: 22084: 22081: 22080: 22078: 22074: 22068: 22065: 22063: 22060: 22058: 22055: 22054: 22052: 22050: 22045: 22041: 22038: 22034: 22024: 22021: 22019: 22016: 22014: 22011: 22009: 22006: 22004: 22001: 21999: 21996: 21994: 21991: 21989: 21986: 21984: 21981: 21979: 21976: 21974: 21971: 21969: 21968:Bülent Ecevit 21966: 21964: 21961: 21959: 21956: 21955: 21953: 21949: 21943: 21940: 21938: 21935: 21933: 21930: 21928: 21925: 21923: 21920: 21918: 21915: 21913: 21910: 21908: 21905: 21903: 21900: 21898: 21895: 21893: 21890: 21888: 21885: 21883: 21880: 21878: 21875: 21873: 21870: 21868: 21865: 21863: 21860: 21858: 21855: 21853: 21850: 21848: 21845: 21844: 21842: 21838: 21835: 21831: 21821: 21818: 21816: 21813: 21811: 21808: 21806: 21803: 21801: 21798: 21796: 21793: 21791: 21790:Pervin Buldan 21788: 21786: 21783: 21781: 21780:Ayla Akat Ata 21778: 21776: 21773: 21771: 21768: 21766: 21763: 21761: 21758: 21756: 21753: 21751: 21748: 21746: 21743: 21741: 21738: 21736: 21733: 21731: 21728: 21726: 21723: 21722: 21720: 21716: 21710: 21707: 21705: 21704:Celal Başkale 21702: 21700: 21697: 21695: 21692: 21690: 21687: 21685: 21682: 21680: 21677: 21675: 21672: 21670: 21667: 21665: 21662: 21660: 21657: 21655: 21652: 21650: 21647: 21645: 21642: 21640: 21637: 21635: 21632: 21631: 21629: 21625: 21622: 21618: 21612: 21609: 21607: 21604: 21602: 21599: 21597: 21594: 21592: 21589: 21588: 21586: 21582:Peace process 21580: 21570: 21567: 21566: 21564: 21560: 21554: 21551: 21549: 21546: 21544: 21541: 21539: 21536: 21534: 21531: 21529: 21526: 21524: 21521: 21519: 21516: 21514: 21511: 21509: 21506: 21504: 21501: 21500: 21498: 21496: 21492: 21489: 21485: 21475: 21472: 21470: 21467: 21465: 21462: 21460: 21457: 21453: 21450: 21449: 21448: 21445: 21443: 21440: 21438: 21435: 21433: 21430: 21428: 21425: 21423: 21420: 21418: 21415: 21413: 21410: 21408: 21405: 21403: 21400: 21398: 21395: 21393: 21390: 21388: 21385: 21383: 21380: 21378: 21375: 21373: 21370: 21368: 21365: 21363: 21360: 21358: 21355: 21353: 21350: 21348: 21345: 21343: 21340: 21338: 21335: 21333: 21330: 21328: 21325: 21324: 21322: 21320: 21316: 21310: 21307: 21305: 21302: 21300: 21297: 21295: 21292: 21290: 21287: 21285: 21282: 21280: 21277: 21275: 21272: 21270: 21267: 21265: 21262: 21260: 21257: 21255: 21252: 21250: 21247: 21245: 21242: 21240: 21237: 21235: 21232: 21230: 21227: 21225: 21222: 21221: 21219: 21215: 21211: 21207: 21203: 21195: 21192: 21191: 21190: 21187: 21185: 21182: 21180: 21177: 21175: 21172: 21170: 21169:Sazak assault 21167: 21165: 21162: 21160: 21157: 21155: 21152: 21150: 21147: 21145: 21142: 21140: 21137: 21135: 21134:Lice massacre 21132: 21130: 21127: 21125: 21122: 21120: 21117: 21115: 21112: 21110: 21107: 21105: 21102: 21100: 21097: 21095: 21092: 21090: 21087: 21085: 21082: 21080: 21077: 21075: 21072: 21070: 21067: 21066: 21064: 21060: 21054: 21051: 21049: 21046: 21044: 21041: 21040: 21038: 21034: 21031: 21027: 21016: 21013: 21010: 21007: 21004: 21001: 20998: 20995: 20992: 20989: 20986: 20983: 20980: 20977: 20974: 20971: 20968: 20965: 20962: 20959: 20958: 20956: 20954: 20950: 20941: 20931: 20929: 20926: 20924: 20921: 20920: 20918: 20914: 20906: 20901: 20898: 20896: 20893: 20891: 20888: 20885: 20882: 20879: 20869: 20866: 20863: 20861: 20851: 20849: 20839: 20837: 20827: 20825: 20815: 20812: 20809: 20806: 20803: 20800: 20797: 20794: 20791: 20788: 20785: 20782: 20779: 20776: 20773: 20770: 20767: 20764: 20761: 20758: 20755: 20752: 20749: 20746: 20743: 20740: 20737: 20734: 20731: 20728: 20725: 20722: 20712: 20709: 20699: 20695: 20692: 20691: 20690: 20680: 20678: 20668: 20667: 20665: 20661: 20658: 20655: 20651: 20641: 20638: 20636: 20633: 20631: 20628: 20626: 20623: 20621: 20618: 20616: 20613: 20612: 20610: 20608: 20604: 20598: 20595: 20593: 20590: 20588: 20585: 20583: 20580: 20578: 20575: 20573: 20570: 20568: 20565: 20563: 20560: 20558: 20555: 20553: 20550: 20548: 20545: 20544: 20542: 20538: 20535: 20533: 20521: 20515: 20512: 20510: 20507: 20506: 20503: 20499: 20492: 20487: 20485: 20480: 20478: 20473: 20472: 20469: 20459: 20455: 20451: 20445: 20430: 20423: 20417: 20402: 20395: 20389: 20373: 20369: 20363: 20361: 20345: 20341: 20337: 20331: 20312: 20308: 20301: 20295: 20280: 20276: 20269: 20253: 20249: 20243: 20228: 20224: 20218: 20202: 20198: 20192: 20176: 20173: 20166: 20151: 20147: 20140: 20125: 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March 1984. 19975: 19968: 19952: 19948: 19941: 19926: 19922: 19916: 19901: 19895: 19880: 19876: 19870: 19855:. 3 June 2012 19854: 19850: 19844: 19828: 19824: 19818: 19803:. 29 May 2014 19802: 19798: 19792: 19784: 19780: 19774: 19759: 19757:9780275989095 19753: 19749: 19748: 19740: 19725: 19723:9781581129052 19719: 19715: 19714: 19706: 19699: 19695: 19689: 19683: 19668: 19661: 19653: 19647: 19631: 19627: 19621: 19606: 19605:iranpress.com 19602: 19596: 19581: 19577: 19571: 19555: 19551: 19545: 19529: 19523: 19507: 19501: 19485: 19479: 19464:. 17 May 2016 19463: 19457: 19441: 19434: 19419: 19413: 19397: 19393: 19389: 19383: 19367: 19366:globalnews.ca 19363: 19357: 19342: 19338: 19334: 19330: 19323: 19308: 19304: 19298: 19282: 19276: 19260: 19256: 19250: 19234: 19230: 19226: 19220: 19204: 19200: 19196: 19190: 19174: 19170: 19166: 19160: 19144: 19140: 19134: 19119: 19115: 19109: 19100: 19084: 19080: 19074: 19072: 19070: 19060: 19052: 19050:9781847795595 19046: 19042: 19041: 19033: 19014: 19008: 19002: 18998: 18995: 18990: 18983:. March 1993. 18982: 18975: 18969: 18967: 18965: 18963: 18961: 18941: 18934: 18928: 18912: 18906: 18897: 18881: 18880: 18875: 18869: 18854: 18852:9780230377424 18848: 18844: 18843: 18835: 18819: 18815: 18808: 18800: 18796: 18791: 18786: 18781: 18776: 18772: 18768: 18761: 18754: 18749: 18741: 18728: 18717: 18711: 18696: 18692: 18686: 18684: 18677: 18673: 18669: 18665: 18660: 18658: 18651: 18647: 18643: 18639: 18634: 18619: 18617:9781316720592 18613: 18609: 18608: 18600: 18584: 18580: 18574: 18572: 18570: 18561: 18557: 18552: 18547: 18543: 18539: 18535: 18531: 18524: 18522: 18513: 18506: 18490: 18486: 18480: 18465: 18461: 18455: 18440: 18436: 18430: 18414: 18413: 18408: 18402: 18394: 18392:1-4020-2615-3 18388: 18384: 18380: 18376: 18372: 18371: 18363: 18356: 18350: 18346: 18343: 18330: 18326: 18325: 18320: 18313: 18298: 18294: 18290: 18289:The Economist 18286: 18280: 18264: 18260: 18256: 18250: 18235: 18231: 18224: 18208: 18204: 18200: 18193: 18185: 18183:9781138918870 18179: 18175: 18168: 18149: 18143: 18141: 18125: 18121: 18114: 18103: 18097: 18089: 18083: 18077: 18073: 18069: 18065: 18060: 18052: 18046: 18027: 18023: 18016: 18010: 17994: 17988: 17972: 17968: 17962: 17954: 17947: 17941: 17926: 17922: 17916: 17908: 17901: 17895: 17893: 17891: 17889: 17887: 17870: 17866: 17860: 17852: 17850:9781412812016 17846: 17842: 17841: 17833: 17817: 17811: 17796: 17795: 17790: 17783: 17776: 17772: 17767: 17765: 17757: 17753: 17748: 17732: 17728: 17724: 17720: 17713: 17698: 17697:Aljazeera.com 17694: 17688: 17672: 17668: 17662: 17654: 17648: 17633: 17629: 17622: 17606: 17600: 17584: 17580: 17574: 17566: 17564:1-56432-161-4 17560: 17556: 17552: 17545: 17537: 17535:9781564321619 17531: 17527: 17526: 17518: 17510: 17504: 17488: 17484: 17478: 17463: 17459: 17453: 17445: 17441: 17437: 17433: 17429: 17425: 17418: 17416: 17399: 17393: 17377: 17370: 17364: 17349: 17347:9781467879729 17343: 17339: 17338: 17330: 17322: 17321: 17314: 17306: 17302: 17298: 17294: 17290: 17286: 17282: 17281: 17276: 17269: 17261: 17255: 17251: 17244: 17242: 17240: 17232: 17226: 17224: 17222: 17220: 17211: 17207: 17201: 17193: 17189: 17183: 17167: 17163: 17157: 17141: 17137: 17131: 17123: 17117: 17109: 17103: 17095: 17094:www.dunya.com 17091: 17084: 17076: 17070: 17054: 17050: 17046: 17040: 17024: 17020: 17016: 17010: 16994: 16990: 16986: 16980: 16972: 16971:www.aa.com.tr 16968: 16962: 16954: 16953:takvim.com.tr 16950: 16944: 16936: 16935:www.aa.com.tr 16932: 16926: 16918: 16914: 16908: 16900: 16896: 16890: 16884: 16879: 16871: 16867: 16860: 16852: 16848: 16842: 16834: 16830: 16824: 16808: 16804: 16800: 16794: 16778: 16774: 16768: 16762:, 1 July 2011 16761: 16758: 16757: 16751: 16735: 16731: 16724: 16708: 16702: 16686: 16682: 16676: 16657: 16650: 16644: 16642: 16635: 16632: 16627: 16625: 16616: 16614:9780300065466 16610: 16606: 16601: 16600: 16592: 16584: 16571: 16552: 16545: 16539: 16537: 16520: 16516: 16512: 16506: 16490: 16486: 16479: 16463: 16459: 16453: 16446: 16442: 16439: 16434: 16432: 16415: 16411: 16405: 16397: 16391: 16383: 16379: 16372: 16356: 16352: 16348: 16342: 16326: 16322: 16316: 16297: 16290: 16284: 16265: 16258: 16252: 16250: 16230: 16223: 16217: 16215: 16213: 16211: 16209: 16207: 16205: 16203: 16195: 16194: 16190:Aliza Marcus 16187: 16185: 16183: 16181: 16164: 16160: 16156: 16150: 16134: 16130: 16126: 16120: 16104: 16100: 16096: 16092: 16088: 16081: 16065: 16061: 16060: 16059:Duvar English 16055: 16048: 16033: 16029: 16022: 16006: 16002: 15998: 15991: 15975: 15971: 15970: 15965: 15959: 15943: 15939: 15935: 15929: 15913: 15909: 15905: 15901: 15897: 15890: 15888: 15871: 15867: 15866: 15861: 15855: 15839: 15835: 15834: 15829: 15823: 15816: 15815: 15810: 15806: 15803: 15798: 15782: 15778: 15774: 15770: 15766: 15762: 15755: 15739: 15735: 15731: 15725: 15718: 15714: 15711: 15706: 15690: 15686: 15680: 15664: 15660: 15656: 15650: 15634: 15630: 15626: 15620: 15604: 15600: 15596: 15590: 15574: 15570: 15566: 15560: 15544: 15540: 15539: 15534: 15528: 15512: 15508: 15502: 15486: 15482: 15478: 15472: 15456: 15452: 15448: 15442: 15426: 15422: 15416: 15400: 15396: 15392: 15386: 15370: 15366: 15360: 15344: 15340: 15336: 15330: 15314: 15310: 15306: 15300: 15284: 15280: 15276: 15270: 15254: 15250: 15244: 15236: 15232: 15231:Today's Zaman 15228: 15222: 15206: 15202: 15201:The Telegraph 15198: 15191: 15175: 15171: 15167: 15161: 15145: 15141: 15137: 15131: 15115: 15111: 15107: 15101: 15085: 15081: 15075: 15059: 15055: 15049: 15033: 15029: 15023: 15007: 15003: 14999: 14993: 14977: 14973: 14967: 14951: 14947: 14943: 14937: 14921: 14917: 14913: 14907: 14891: 14887: 14881: 14865: 14861: 14855: 14838: 14832: 14816: 14812: 14808: 14802: 14795: 14791: 14788: 14783: 14776: 14772: 14769: 14766: 14765: 14759: 14743: 14739: 14735: 14729: 14713: 14709: 14705: 14699: 14683: 14679: 14673: 14657: 14653: 14649: 14643: 14627: 14623: 14619: 14613: 14597: 14593: 14589: 14583: 14567: 14563: 14562: 14557: 14551: 14543: 14539: 14533: 14517: 14513: 14512: 14511:Today's Zaman 14507: 14501: 14493: 14489: 14483: 14467: 14463: 14459: 14453: 14447:, 16 May 2011 14446: 14442: 14439: 14436: 14435: 14429: 14413: 14409: 14405: 14399: 14383: 14379: 14375: 14369: 14353: 14349: 14348: 14343: 14336: 14320: 14316: 14310: 14294: 14290: 14284: 14268: 14264: 14258: 14242: 14238: 14234: 14228: 14212: 14208: 14202: 14186: 14182: 14176: 14160: 14156: 14150: 14134: 14130: 14126: 14120: 14104: 14100: 14096: 14090: 14074: 14070: 14064: 14048: 14044: 14043: 14038: 14031: 14015: 14012:. Ekurd.net. 14011: 14005: 13989: 13985: 13981: 13975: 13967: 13961: 13945: 13941: 13935: 13933: 13916: 13912: 13911:Today's Zaman 13908: 13902: 13886: 13882: 13878: 13871: 13855: 13851: 13850:Today's Zaman 13847: 13841: 13825: 13821: 13817: 13811: 13804: 13800: 13797: 13794: 13793: 13787: 13780: 13776: 13773: 13770: 13765: 13758: 13754: 13750: 13747: 13742: 13726: 13722: 13718: 13712: 13696: 13692: 13691: 13686: 13680: 13664: 13660: 13654: 13638: 13634: 13630: 13623: 13621: 13613: 13609: 13605: 13602: 13596: 13580: 13576: 13572: 13566: 13560: 13556: 13553: 13547: 13545: 13528: 13524: 13520: 13513: 13497: 13493: 13489: 13483: 13467: 13463: 13457: 13441: 13437: 13436: 13431: 13425: 13409: 13405: 13404: 13399: 13393: 13377: 13373: 13372: 13367: 13361: 13345: 13341: 13340: 13335: 13329: 13327: 13310: 13306: 13302: 13296: 13280: 13276: 13272: 13265: 13249: 13245: 13239: 13223: 13219: 13215: 13209: 13193: 13189: 13185: 13179: 13173: 13167: 13160: 13156: 13153: 13147: 13145: 13143: 13141: 13132: 13130:9780521850414 13126: 13122: 13115: 13099: 13095: 13091: 13085: 13083: 13066: 13062: 13058: 13051: 13049: 13032: 13028: 13027:Today's Zaman 13024: 13018: 13007: 13000: 12994: 12978: 12974: 12968: 12961: 12957: 12954: 12948: 12932: 12928: 12922: 12916:, 20 May 2008 12915: 12911: 12908: 12903: 12901: 12884: 12880: 12876: 12870: 12853: 12849: 12843: 12827: 12823: 12819: 12812: 12796: 12792: 12788: 12782: 12763: 12756: 12750: 12734: 12730: 12726: 12719: 12703: 12699: 12693: 12687: 12683: 12679: 12675: 12673: 12656: 12652: 12646: 12644: 12642: 12640: 12623: 12619: 12615: 12609: 12593: 12589: 12588: 12583: 12576: 12568: 12556: 12540: 12536: 12534:9781857432558 12530: 12526: 12525: 12517: 12515: 12513: 12505: 12501: 12498: 12495: 12494: 12488: 12479: 12477: 12468: 12462: 12458: 12451: 12444: 12432: 12428: 12424: 12418: 12411: 12410:archive.today 12407: 12404: 12399: 12388: 12384: 12382:975-7217-25-5 12378: 12374: 12367: 12361: 12353: 12349: 12348: 12347:Today's Zaman 12343: 12337: 12329: 12323: 12319: 12312: 12305: 12299: 12283: 12279: 12275: 12268: 12260: 12254: 12250: 12243: 12241: 12234: 12230: 12227: 12223: 12222: 12221:Today's Zaman 12216: 12208: 12206:9781138918870 12202: 12198: 12191: 12185: 12181: 12178: 12172: 12156: 12152: 12148: 12142: 12140: 12138: 12136: 12134: 12132: 12130: 12128: 12120: 12116: 12113: 12108: 12106: 12089: 12085: 12083:9781316720592 12079: 12075: 12074: 12066: 12064: 12055: 12049: 12041: 12034: 12018: 12014: 12012:9781856498227 12008: 12005:. Zed Books. 12004: 12003: 11995: 11987: 11985:9781136938672 11981: 11978:. Routledge. 11977: 11976: 11968: 11966: 11949: 11945: 11943:9781351480376 11939: 11936:. Routledge. 11935: 11934: 11926: 11924: 11922: 11920: 11918: 11916: 11908: 11904: 11900: 11894: 11878: 11874: 11868: 11852: 11848: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11830: 11826: 11819: 11812: 11808: 11805: 11802: 11801: 11800:Today's Zaman 11795: 11788: 11784: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11776:The Economist 11771: 11764: 11760: 11757: 11754: 11753: 11752:Today's Zaman 11747: 11740: 11739: 11732: 11725: 11721: 11718: 11712: 11696: 11692: 11686: 11684: 11682: 11680: 11678: 11676: 11674: 11666: 11651: 11644: 11638: 11622: 11618: 11617: 11610: 11594: 11590: 11586: 11580: 11564: 11560: 11556: 11550: 11548: 11531: 11527: 11523: 11517: 11508: 11506: 11489: 11485: 11479: 11477: 11475: 11473: 11471: 11451: 11447: 11440: 11433: 11417: 11413: 11409: 11405: 11404: 11399: 11395: 11389: 11370: 11366: 11362: 11358: 11354: 11350: 11346: 11342: 11338: 11331: 11324: 11305: 11301: 11294: 11288: 11269: 11265: 11258: 11252: 11250: 11248: 11232: 11228: 11222: 11220: 11203: 11199: 11198: 11193: 11189: 11185: 11179: 11163: 11159: 11153: 11149: 11148: 11140: 11124: 11120: 11114: 11110: 11109: 11101: 11085: 11081: 11075: 11073: 11053: 11046: 11040: 11038: 11021: 11017: 11011: 11007: 11006: 10998: 10996: 10979: 10975: 10969: 10965: 10964: 10956: 10954: 10945: 10939: 10935: 10930: 10929: 10920: 10918: 10909: 10907:9781564321909 10903: 10899: 10894: 10893: 10885: 10866: 10862: 10855: 10848: 10846: 10826: 10819: 10813: 10811: 10809: 10807: 10805: 10803: 10801: 10799: 10779: 10772: 10771:Annual report 10766: 10764: 10762: 10745: 10741: 10740: 10735: 10729: 10727: 10725: 10717: 10712: 10706: 10702: 10698: 10691: 10675: 10671: 10665: 10661: 10657: 10656: 10648: 10632: 10628: 10622: 10618: 10617: 10609: 10602: 10601: 10596: 10592: 10589: 10583: 10575: 10569: 10566:. Routledge. 10565: 10564: 10556: 10540: 10536: 10534:9780275965907 10530: 10526: 10525: 10517: 10510: 10504: 10488: 10484: 10478: 10474: 10473: 10465: 10463: 10446: 10442: 10436: 10432: 10431: 10423: 10407: 10403: 10401:9780739184035 10397: 10393: 10392: 10384: 10376: 10370: 10366: 10359: 10352: 10348: 10345: 10340: 10338: 10318: 10310: 10303: 10296: 10292: 10288: 10284: 10281: 10276: 10260: 10256: 10252: 10246: 10230: 10226: 10225: 10220: 10214: 10198: 10194: 10193: 10188: 10182: 10166: 10162: 10155: 10139: 10135: 10131: 10124: 10118:, 23 May 2010 10117: 10113: 10110: 10107: 10102: 10086: 10082: 10081: 10076: 10069: 10053: 10050:. Ekurd.net. 10049: 10043: 10027: 10023: 10017: 10010: 10004: 10002: 9985: 9981: 9975: 9956: 9949: 9943: 9927: 9923: 9917: 9915: 9913: 9911: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9903: 9894: 9890: 9886: 9882: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9859: 9843: 9839: 9833: 9817: 9813: 9806: 9790: 9786: 9780: 9764: 9760: 9754: 9746: 9742: 9736: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9706: 9690: 9686: 9680: 9674: 9670: 9667: 9664: 9659: 9643: 9639: 9633: 9617: 9613: 9606: 9590: 9586: 9582: 9576: 9559: 9555: 9554:Today's Zaman 9551: 9544: 9528: 9524: 9520: 9513: 9498: 9494: 9487: 9471: 9467: 9461: 9445: 9441: 9435: 9419: 9415: 9409: 9394: 9393: 9388: 9381: 9365: 9361: 9354: 9338: 9334: 9327: 9311: 9307: 9306: 9298: 9282: 9278: 9277:The Economist 9274: 9268: 9252: 9248: 9244: 9238: 9222: 9218: 9212: 9208: 9207: 9199: 9183: 9179: 9173: 9169: 9168: 9160: 9145: 9141: 9140: 9132: 9130: 9128: 9126: 9124: 9116: 9111: 9107: 9103: 9099: 9095: 9091: 9087: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9059: 9055: 9054: 9049: 9042: 9040: 9038: 9030: 9025: 9018: 9014: 9011: 9008: 9003: 8987: 8983: 8977: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8946: 8944: 8937: 8932: 8916: 8912: 8906: 8895: 8891: 8884: 8878: 8862: 8858: 8852: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8822: 8806: 8802: 8798: 8792: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8762: 8746: 8742: 8736: 8720: 8716: 8710: 8694: 8690: 8684: 8682: 8665: 8661: 8655: 8639: 8635: 8631: 8625: 8609: 8605: 8599: 8593: 8587: 8581: 8577: 8576:9789004108615 8573: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8543: 8539: 8533: 8517: 8513: 8512: 8507: 8501: 8485: 8481: 8475: 8459: 8455: 8449: 8433: 8429: 8423: 8407: 8403: 8399: 8393: 8386: 8381: 8377: 8373: 8367: 8363: 8362: 8354: 8347: 8342: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8326: 8322: 8319:(1): 95–114. 8318: 8314: 8310: 8303: 8296: 8290: 8274: 8270: 8266: 8260: 8244: 8240: 8236: 8230: 8223: 8219: 8209:{{cite web * 8206: 8198: 8194: 8190: 8184: 8180: 8176: 8172: 8168: 8164: 8163: 8155: 8140: 8136: 8129: 8125: 8109: 8103: 8099: 8098:PKK-terrorism 8095: 8091: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8075: 8069: 8060: 8056: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8006: 8000: 7998: 7994: 7990: 7986: 7981: 7978: 7974: 7964: 7962: 7957: 7955: 7951: 7946: 7944: 7940: 7936: 7925: 7923: 7917: 7915: 7910: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7877: 7872: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7858: 7854: 7853:Deryan Aktert 7847: 7845: 7838: 7836: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7815: 7813: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7790:In 1997, the 7788: 7787: 7783: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7768: 7766: 7765:hunger strike 7762: 7758: 7753: 7750: 7745: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7727: 7722: 7713: 7711: 7706: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7691: 7689: 7685: 7680: 7678: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7661: 7659: 7654: 7652: 7648: 7643: 7641: 7637: 7632: 7630: 7625: 7623: 7618: 7616: 7612: 7611:a bomb attack 7607: 7604: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7589: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7575: 7571: 7566: 7564: 7559: 7555: 7553: 7549: 7544: 7542: 7541:village guard 7538: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7523: 7519: 7511: 7508: 7504: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7496: 7491: 7489: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7466: 7464: 7460: 7455: 7453: 7448: 7446: 7441: 7439: 7435: 7430: 7428: 7423: 7420: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7403: 7400: 7396: 7394: 7389: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7374: 7372: 7362: 7360: 7356: 7355:village guard 7352: 7347: 7344:According to 7341: 7337: 7335: 7329: 7327: 7322: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7274: 7265: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7246: 7245:Turkish mafia 7242: 7238: 7228: 7226: 7225:Hevrin Khalaf 7221: 7219: 7215: 7210: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7189: 7187: 7176: 7174: 7170: 7166: 7161: 7158: 7157: 7151: 7148: 7138: 7134: 7125: 7123: 7118: 7116: 7112: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7083:According to 7080: 7075: 7073: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7042: 7040: 7036: 7030: 7022: 7019: 7014: 7013: 7012: 7010: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6988: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6950: 6946: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6932: 6928: 6923: 6920: 6917: 6912: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6887: 6881: 6870: 6868: 6862: 6860: 6856: 6853: 6843: 6839: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6826:control. The 6824: 6820: 6815: 6814:Turkification 6809: 6799: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6778: 6775: 6772: 6770:Total : 6768: 6764: 6761: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6744:Northern Iraq 6741: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6730: 6727: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6710:Northern Iraq 6708: 6705: 6704: 6700: 6697: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6680:Northern Iraq 6678: 6675: 6674: 6670: 6667: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6650:Northern Iraq 6648: 6645: 6644: 6640: 6637: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6620:Northern Iraq 6618: 6615: 6614: 6610: 6607: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6590:Northern Iraq 6588: 6585: 6584: 6580: 6577: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6555: 6554: 6550: 6547: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6530:Northern Iraq 6528: 6525: 6524: 6520: 6517: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6500:Northern Iraq 6498: 6495: 6494: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6470:Northern Iraq 6468: 6465: 6464: 6460: 6457: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6437: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6426: 6423: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6406:Northern Iraq 6404: 6401: 6400: 6396: 6393: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6346:Northern Iraq 6343: 6340: 6338:25 April 2017 6337: 6336: 6332: 6329: 6326: 6323: 6320: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6281:Northern Iraq 6279: 6276: 6275: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6259:Operation Sun 6257: 6254: 6252: 6251:Northern Iraq 6249: 6246: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6221:Northern Iraq 6219: 6216: 6215: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6181: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6170: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6153:Northern Iraq 6151: 6148: 6147: 6143: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6093:Northern Iraq 6091: 6089:23 March 1995 6088: 6087: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6063:Northern Iraq 6061: 6058: 6057: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6033:Northern Iraq 6031: 6028: 6027: 6023: 6020: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6003:Northern Iraq 6001: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5970: 5969:Northern Iraq 5967: 5964: 5963: 5959: 5956: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5939:Northern Iraq 5937: 5934: 5933: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5909:Northern Iraq 5907: 5904: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5876: 5875:Northern Iraq 5873: 5870: 5869: 5865: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5841:Northern Iraq 5839: 5836: 5835: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5811:Northern Iraq 5809: 5806: 5805: 5801: 5799:1,452 (1,232) 5798: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5781:Northern Iraq 5779: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5768: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5751:Northern Iraq 5749: 5746: 5745: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5721:Northern Iraq 5719: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5691:Northern Iraq 5689: 5686: 5685: 5681: 5678: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5661:Northern Iraq 5659: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5648: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5631:Northern Iraq 5629: 5626: 5625: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5596: 5588: 5585: 5582: 5578: 5569: 5562: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5506: 5503: 5500: 5497: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5428: 5425: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5410: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5362: 5359: 5356: 5353: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5325: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5289: 5286: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5267: 5264: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5217: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5154: 5151: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5029: 5026: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5008: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4963: 4960: 4957: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4873: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4840: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4795: 4792: 4789: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4747: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4651: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4497: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4471: 4468: 4460: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4428: 4419: 4418: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4362: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4310: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4245: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4219: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4067: 4062: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4038: 4030: 4025: 4016: 4014: 4009: 4006: 4002: 3997: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3980: 3970: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3957: 3952: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3828: 3825:, attacked a 3824: 3820: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3776:, August 2015 3775: 3770: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3731:Islamic State 3728: 3724: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3698: 3693: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3669: 3664: 3660: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3636: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3618:Sakine Cansız 3615: 3614:assassination 3611: 3607: 3603: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3559:heavy clashes 3556: 3552: 3548: 3545:as President 3544: 3534: 3531: 3526: 3522: 3521:single ambush 3518: 3514: 3510: 3501: 3496: 3487: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3473: 3462: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3391:Operation Sun 3382: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3291: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3271:Zübeyir Aydar 3268: 3264: 3258: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3167: 3159: 3150: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3105: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3094:civil society 3091: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3053:deforestation 3050: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2983:Turkification 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2951:Adnan Kahveci 2947: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2928: 2924: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2901: 2897: 2883: 2881: 2875: 2872: 2871:authoritarian 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2839:Ibrahim Halik 2836: 2832: 2828: 2822: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2772:hunger strike 2768: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2711:Kahramanmaraş 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2583:Suruç bombing 2580: 2576: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2440:an estimated 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2366: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2312: 2308: 2305: 2299: 2288: 2283: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2146:Ankara (2023) 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2114:Sinjar (2021) 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2074:Sinjar (2018) 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2024:N Iraq (2016) 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1923:Martyr Yalçın 1921: 1919: 1918:Siirt bombing 1916: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1829:N Iraq (2007) 1827: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1735:N Iraq (1992) 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1705:N Iraq (1987) 1703: 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Retrieved 8138: 8128: 8108: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8089: 8085: 8081: 8077: 8073: 8068: 8059: 7982: 7970: 7958: 7947: 7931: 7918: 7911: 7908: 7904: 7900: 7897: 7894: 7887: 7884: 7873: 7849: 7844:Bekaa Valley 7840: 7821: 7808:Duran Kalkan 7789: 7785: 7784: 7769: 7754: 7746: 7723: 7719: 7707: 7692: 7681: 7662: 7655: 7644: 7633: 7626: 7619: 7608: 7605: 7590: 7567: 7560: 7556: 7545: 7534: 7530: 7526: 7515: 7492: 7485: 7482: 7467: 7456: 7449: 7442: 7431: 7424: 7421: 7418: 7404: 7401: 7397: 7390: 7375: 7368: 7343: 7339: 7330: 7323: 7279: 7241:Tansu Çiller 7234: 7222: 7211: 7208: 7205: 7193:Özgür Gündem 7184: 7182: 7162: 7156:The Guardian 7154: 7152: 7144: 7135: 7131: 7119: 7107: 7103: 7098: 7082: 7077: 7048: 7031: 7027: 7007: 7004: 6992: 6984: 6969: 6954:The European 6951: 6947: 6935: 6924: 6921: 6913: 6909: 6889: 6864: 6859:Eric Rouleau 6852:human rights 6849: 6840: 6811: 6788:Afrin canton 6784: 6714:Land and air 6684:Land and air 6586:15 June 2020 6564:Land and air 6534:Land and Air 6504:Land and Air 6474:Land and Air 6410:Land and air 6394:4,500-7,100+ 6380:Land and air 6315:Land and air 6255:Land and air 6225:Land and air 6195:Land and air 6157:Land and air 6149:14 June 1996 6127:Land and air 6097:Land and air 6067:Land and air 6037:Land and air 6007:Land and Air 5977:Land and Air 5943:Land and Air 5913:Land and air 5883:Land and Air 5849:Land and Air 5785:Land and air 5755:Land and air 5725:Land and air 5695:Land and air 5687:4 March 1987 5665:Land and air 5594: 5586: 5574: 5565: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5541: 5536: 5529: 5514:, as of July 5511: 5504: 5487: 5480: 5463: 5456: 5439: 5432: 5415: 5408: 5391: 5384: 5367: 5360: 5343: 5334: 5315: 5305: 5287: 5274: 5272: 5265: 5247: 5240: 5223: 5209: 5192: 5182: 5177: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5150:Crisis Group 5147: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5108: 5094: 5087: 5073: 5066: 5052: 5045: 5031: 5024: 5010: 5003: 4989: 4982: 4968: 4961: 4947: 4940: 4926: 4919: 4905: 4898: 4884: 4877: 4863: 4856: 4842: 4835: 4821: 4814: 4800: 4793: 4779: 4772: 4758: 4751: 4737: 4730: 4716: 4709: 4695: 4688: 4674: 4667: 4653: 4646: 4632: 4625: 4611: 4604: 4590: 4583: 4569: 4562: 4548: 4541: 4527: 4520: 4506: 4478: 4463: 4454: 4431: 4403: 4390: 4377: 4364: 4351: 4338: 4325: 4312: 4299: 4286: 4273: 4260: 4247: 4234: 4221: 4208: 4195: 4182: 4169: 4156: 4143: 4130: 4117: 4104: 4096:Low estimate 4081: 4070: 4057: 4045: 4041: 4034: 4010: 3998: 3982: 3960: 3947: 3932: 3919:Kılıçdaroğlu 3907: 3900: 3895:Afrin Region 3865:Afrin Canton 3850: 3816: 3805: 3790: 3779: 3720: 3701:2015–present 3695: 3678:to northern 3673: 3648: 3633: 3609: 3599: 3540: 3530:an offensive 3505: 3476: 3468: 3424: 3388: 3362: 3325: 3296: 3275: 3259: 3255:Murat Bozlak 3234:Osman Öcalan 3222: 3215: 3199: 3190: 3182: 3172: 3111: 3087: 3046: 3034:Tansu Çiller 3027: 3014:Şemdin Sakık 2999: 2987:Kemal Burkay 2964: 2955:Eşref Bitlis 2948: 2932: 2920: 2905: 2876: 2867:Engin Sincer 2835:Duran Kalkan 2823: 2819:conscription 2787:Beqaa Valley 2784: 2767:Mazlum Doğan 2764: 2744: 2692: 2664:Mount Ararat 2660: 2623: 2621: 2572: 2541: 2497:human rights 2489: 2450: 2417: 2407: 2378: 2376: 2338: 2331: 2309: 2104:Claw-Eagle 2 2089:Peace Spring 2064:Olive Branch 1950:Cizre (2016) 1945:Cizre (2015) 1928:Police raids 1620: 1616: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1554:2015–present 1552: 1545: 1537:2015–present 1535: 1528: 1516: 1504: 1483: 1477: 1406: 1386: 1365: 1360:Hülya Eroğlu 1344: 1293:Mazlum Doğan 1278: 1257: 1236: 1205:Osman Öcalan 1185:Şemdin Sakık 1123:Duran Kalkan 1089: 1088: 1081:Musa Avsever 913:İlker Başbuğ 901:Işık Koşaner 889:Bülend Ulusu 865:Tansu Çiller 841:Mesut Yılmaz 817:Abdullah Gül 680: 679: 665: 651: 643: 640:(until 2017) 562: 554: 406: 355: 347: 327:(Until 1992) 318: 317: 144: 143: 138:Belligerents 98: 76:Southeastern 31:Part of the 18: 25413:Arab Winter 25408:Arab Spring 24808:Afghanistan 24741:2006 crisis 24736:1999 crisis 24281:World War I 23739:Suez Crisis 23686:Suez Crisis 23415:Arab Revolt 23397:World War I 23322:WikiProject 23253:Video games 23045:Individuals 23038:LGBT rights 23028:Health care 22995:Immigration 22776:Gendarmerie 22735:Referendums 22651:Legislative 22548:Earthquakes 22433:Oghuz Turks 22322:Dissolution 21988:Erdal İnönü 21958:Turgut Özal 21937:Necdet Özel 21897:Hilmi Özkök 21882:Doğan Güreş 21867:Necdet Üruğ 21847:Kenan Evren 21745:Orhan Doğan 21740:Hatip Dicle 21664:Haji Ahmadi 21649:Bahoz Erdal 21644:Cemîl Bayik 20999:(2008–2014) 20993:(2005–2009) 20981:(1997–2005) 20975:(1994–2003) 20969:(1993–1994) 20963:(1990–1993) 20620:Grey Wolves 20582:Coast Guard 20577:Gendarmerie 20434:28 December 20406:28 December 20372:Geneva Call 20307:Justice.gov 20203:(in German) 20034:. May 1987. 19783:irp.fas.org 19312:30 November 18773:: 633–671. 18551:11693/21264 18495:20 December 18035:1 September 17925:www.hrw.org 17737:11 December 17462:www.hrw.org 17404:29 December 17378:. p. 1 17353:29 December 16691:25 December 16560:29 December 16468:12 December 15948:16 February 15918:16 February 15876:15 February 15491:17 February 15349:2 September 14462:TodaysZaman 14053:17 February 13731:3 September 13701:22 February 13643:22 February 13533:2 September 13315:29 December 13285:2 September 13254:11 December 13228:29 December 13198:29 December 12889:29 December 12598:15 December 12437:12 December 11394:Weiner, Tim 10834:29 December 10787:29 December 10750:29 December 10545:27 December 10412:2 September 10265:30 November 10235:30 November 9982:. Fas.org. 9548:Emre Uslu. 9370:27 December 9343:27 December 9287:27 December 9257:27 December 8179:1874/420966 8144:16 February 7961:Geneva Call 7857:Doğubayazıt 7804:Cemil Bayik 7716:Kidnappings 7461:village of 7292:, civilian 7150:Southeast. 6819:Ziya Gökalp 6209:2,730 (415) 5635:Hot pursuit 5627:27 May 1983 4430:This table 3910:Hulusi Akar 3857:Sham Legion 3755:Ceylanpınar 3622:Fidan Doğan 3584:Necdet Özel 3353:Kani Yilmaz 3343:and one in 3246:Bahoz Erdal 3242:Cemil Bayik 3226:Kani Yilmaz 3038:Castle Plan 2923:Turgut Özal 2851:Saime Askin 2831:Cemil Bayik 2727:Palestinian 2703:Grey Wolves 2684:Grey Wolves 2670:, Tunceli, 2632:Cemil Bayik 1913:Ceylanpınar 1894:Beytüşşebap 1810:Blue Market 1581:2,400–4,000 1546:Before 2015 1529:Before 2015 1463:Gendarmerie 1442:Haji Ahmadi 1401:Ayfer Kordu 1252:Kani Yılmaz 1145:Cemil Bayık 1134:Bahoz Erdal 1069:Hulusi Akar 1045:Ümit Dündar 997:Necdet Üruğ 973:Doğan Güreş 937:Hilmi Özkök 781:Turgut Özal 769:Kenan Evren 727:Metin Gürak 716:Yaşar Güler 590:MKP-HKO-PHG 331:Grey Wolves 82:, Northern 25433:Categories 24978:Second War 24956:Azerbaijan 24924:Uzbekistan 24903:Tajikistan 24877:Kyrgyzstan 24861:Kazakhstan 24824:Civil War 24724:East Timor 24562:and South) 24336:South Asia 23194:Newspapers 23179:Literature 23159:Folk dance 23060:Corruption 22944:Minorities 22872:Renewables 22827:Automotive 22636:Government 22367:Secularism 21795:Emine Ayna 21750:Ahmet Türk 21735:Leyla Zana 21730:Yaşar Kaya 20723:(YJA-STAR) 20607:Deep state 20547:Government 20344:Al-Monitor 20207:7 November 20181:7 November 20155:8 November 20129:8 November 20000:7 November 19957:8 November 19925:t24.com.tr 19905:10 January 19833:10 January 19807:10 January 19801:DailySabah 19673:2010-08-23 19636:30 October 19610:30 October 19585:30 October 19560:30 October 19534:17 January 19446:7 November 19392:DailySabah 19372:11 January 19346:11 January 19265:11 January 19149:27 January 19022:1 February 18239:17 October 18129:3 December 17909:: 2. 1993. 17875:10 January 17611:31 January 17589:31 January 16917:birgun.net 16803:Ensonhaber 16525:15 January 16495:26 October 16420:12 October 16361:23 October 16331:26 October 16001:Al-Monitor 15844:10 October 15451:Al Jazeera 15180:23 January 15170:DailySabah 15150:23 January 15140:DailySabah 15120:23 January 15110:DailySabah 14870:26 October 14748:26 October 14688:26 October 14662:26 October 14472:26 October 14418:26 October 14325:26 October 13944:Asia Times 13891:20 January 13585:12 October 13550:Jamestown 13502:12 October 13277:. London. 13170:Jamestown 13150:Jamestown 13104:26 October 13094:Ucdp.uu.se 12731:. London. 12094:3 November 12023:3 November 11954:3 November 11907:9757217093 11659:26 January 11627:26 January 11599:26 January 11559:Al Jazeera 11208:4 December 10326:24 October 9564:5 February 9525:. London. 8867:15 January 8841:1 December 8781:1 December 8385:villagers. 8269:thesop.org 8139:Al-Monitor 8121:References 7818:Executions 7776:Diyarbakır 7761:Diyarbakır 7669:Diyarbakir 7572:and threw 7537:Güçlükonak 7445:Diyarbakır 7378:a massacre 7351:Güçlükonak 7318:executions 7290:kidnapping 7197:Musa Anter 7179:Executions 7059:repressive 6919:soldiers. 6823:Young Turk 6794:and other 6792:YPG Manbij 6748:Airstrikes 6624:Airstrikes 6594:Airstrikes 6444:Airstrikes 6424:234 or 379 6350:Airstrikes 6285:Airstrikes 5178:Insurgents 4498:Insurgents 4441:improve it 4019:Casualties 3774:Diyarbakır 3711:See also: 3686:Escalation 3645:Diyarbakır 3472:İskenderun 3306:and small 3216:After the 3191:KONGRA-GEL 3161:KADEK flag 3121:, then to 2991:Ahmet Türk 2815:Helve Camp 2636:Haki Karer 2618:Beginnings 2587:Diyarbakır 2510:, and the 2492:insurgency 2391:separation 2136:Claw-Sword 2099:İskenderun 2069:Siirt raid 1859:İskenderun 1844:Diyarbakır 1313:Halil Atac 1273:Haki Karer 113:Escalation 25208:Palestine 24968:First War 24838:1996–2001 24833:1992–1996 24828:1989–1992 24639:Indonesia 24525:East Asia 24469:Sri Lanka 23248:TV series 23206:Miniature 23149:Festivals 23065:Terrorism 23016:Education 22949:Languages 22793:Air Force 22708:Elections 22656:Executive 22602:Mountains 22469:Geography 22388:Overviews 22327:Partition 22293:Tulip era 21973:Ali Bozer 21951:Political 21718:Political 21627:Insurgent 21548:2011–2012 21495:Serhildan 21217:2004–2012 21205:1999–2004 21074:Karageçit 21062:1984–1999 21036:1974–1984 20953:Political 20663:Insurgent 20635:Ergenekon 20567:Air Force 20401:Unodc.org 20320:5 January 20284:5 January 20258:5 January 20232:5 January 20104:9 January 20050:Serxwebûn 20032:Serxwebûn 20017:Serxwebûn 19974:Serxwebûn 19930:7 January 19884:9 January 19859:9 January 19763:5 January 19729:5 January 19341:0261-3077 19123:5 January 18917:5 January 18886:5 January 18858:5 January 18799:2148-7537 18700:5 January 18623:5 January 18589:5 January 18469:5 January 18444:5 January 18439:Aa.com.tr 18297:0013-0613 18213:9 January 18157:5 January 17999:9 January 17977:9 January 17930:7 January 17822:29 August 17702:5 January 17677:5 January 17637:2 January 17579:"Variant" 17493:9 January 17467:9 January 17444:155139277 17029:5 January 16999:5 January 16713:29 August 16382:En.apa.az 16351:Aa.com.tr 16159:The Local 16099:0362-4331 15908:0362-4331 15787:6 October 15569:Odatv.com 15517:1 January 15461:1 January 15339:Economist 15289:15 August 14843:23 August 14718:5 January 14622:Jamestown 14602:5 January 14592:Jpost.com 13994:1 January 12822:Jamestown 12708:6 January 12555:cite book 12048:cite book 11909:, page 68 11847:1773-0546 11412:0362-4331 11365:154023896 11357:1080-3920 11277:5 January 11236:5 January 11090:1 January 11061:1 January 10224:France 24 10134:Jamestown 10106:Bloomberg 9893:144368127 9885:1354-5078 9110:0925-4994 8992:5 January 8921:29 August 8811:7 October 8346:struggle. 8341:145444623 8333:0020-7438 8197:204390944 7916:of Iraq. 7880:Serxwebûn 7810:, in its 7796:terrorist 7786:Terrorism 7755:In 2014, 7730:Austrians 7726:Americans 7684:a bombing 7570:petroleum 7543:forces". 7493:In 1998, 7480:highway. 7459:Cevizdalı 7365:Massacres 7294:massacres 7203:in 1992. 7186:Yeni Ülke 7153:In 2013, 7067:terrorism 6952:In 1995, 6906:Massacres 6832:Kemalists 6773:538 (769) 6203:114 (338) 5610:Operation 5170:Civilians 4495:Civilians 4445:verifying 4046:Both the 3979:Serhildan 3973:Serhildan 3761:bases in 3725:militia, 3576:Gaziantep 3500:Frankfurt 3455:an ambush 3300:landmines 3285:2003–2005 2937:launched 2933:In 1992, 2891:1984–1993 2803:dictators 2799:Kurdistan 2640:Kemal Pir 2607:Yüksekova 2521:massacres 2481:Kurdistan 2467:, dress, 2395:Kurdistan 2367:rebellion 2361:rebellion 2344:Serhildan 2211:2011–2012 2159:Serhildan 2119:Claw-Lock 1745:Başbağlar 1690:Karageçit 1470:: 225,000 25375:conflict 24703:Thailand 24623:Cambodia 24406:Pakistan 24326:Cold War 24094:Iraq War 23298:Category 23236:Football 23221:Painting 23164:Folklore 23072:Marriage 22978:Istanbul 22961:Religion 22914:Railways 22904:Aviation 22842:Currency 22700:Politics 22668:Judicial 22644:Branches 22622:Wildlife 22412:Military 22400:Economic 22305:Tanzimat 22036:See also 21840:Military 21487:Protests 20905:Hüda-Par 20557:Military 20509:Timeline 20279:Refworld 20201:ANF News 20078:15 April 19682:cite web 19630:CNN Türk 19259:BBC News 19233:Archived 19229:Hürriyet 19203:Archived 19199:Hürriyet 19173:Archived 19169:Hürriyet 19143:Archived 18997:Archived 18940:Archived 18672:Archived 18670:, 1996. 18646:Archived 18644:, 1997. 18560:55920795 18460:"Turkey" 18375:Springer 18345:Archived 18324:Hürriyet 18072:Archived 18070:, 1997. 17921:"Turkey" 17632:Refworld 17301:20049970 17059:15 April 16807:Archived 16777:Memurlar 16740:15 April 16665:15 April 16551:Archived 16519:Archived 16515:Milliyet 16441:Archived 16390:cite web 16355:Archived 16305:13 April 16296:Archived 16273:13 April 16264:Archived 16238:15 April 16163:Archived 16133:Archived 16129:Le Monde 16103:Archived 16064:Archived 16005:Archived 15974:Archived 15969:ANF News 15942:Archived 15912:Archived 15870:Archived 15838:Archived 15833:CBS News 15814:Fox News 15805:Archived 15781:Archived 15777:44744903 15738:Archived 15713:Archived 15695:24 March 15689:Archived 15663:Archived 15633:Archived 15603:Archived 15573:Archived 15543:Archived 15511:Archived 15485:Archived 15455:Archived 15425:Archived 15399:Archived 15395:BBC News 15369:Archived 15343:Archived 15313:Archived 15283:Archived 15259:3 August 15205:Archived 15144:Archived 15114:Archived 15090:25 April 15064:25 April 15058:Archived 15038:25 April 15032:Archived 15012:25 April 15006:Archived 14982:21 March 14976:Archived 14956:21 March 14946:Milliyet 14920:Archived 14916:BBC News 14896:21 March 14890:Archived 14821:13 April 14790:Archived 14771:Archived 14742:Archived 14712:Archived 14682:Archived 14656:Archived 14652:Zee News 14632:13 April 14626:Archived 14596:Archived 14566:Archived 14441:Archived 14412:Archived 14388:15 April 14382:Archived 14358:15 April 14352:Archived 14299:15 April 14273:15 April 14247:15 April 14241:Archived 14217:15 April 14191:15 April 14165:15 April 14139:15 April 14133:Archived 14109:15 April 14103:Archived 14079:15 April 14047:Archived 14020:15 April 14014:Archived 13988:Archived 13984:BBC News 13960:cite web 13950:15 April 13921:15 April 13885:Archived 13860:15 April 13799:Archived 13775:Archived 13769:BBC News 13749:Archived 13725:Archived 13669:15 April 13663:Archived 13637:Archived 13612:BBC News 13604:Archived 13579:Archived 13575:BBC News 13555:Archived 13527:Archived 13496:Archived 13492:BBC News 13472:15 April 13440:Archived 13408:Archived 13376:Archived 13344:Archived 13309:Archived 13305:BBC News 13279:Archived 13248:Archived 13222:Archived 13218:BBC News 13192:Archived 13188:BBC News 13155:Archived 13061:Milliyet 13037:15 April 12983:15 April 12956:Archived 12937:15 April 12910:Archived 12883:Archived 12879:BBC News 12858:14 March 12832:15 April 12826:Archived 12801:13 April 12771:15 April 12762:Archived 12739:15 April 12733:Archived 12682:Archived 12661:15 April 12655:Archived 12628:15 April 12622:Archived 12592:Archived 12545:15 April 12539:Archived 12500:Archived 12431:Archived 12406:Archived 12375:. 2000. 12282:Archived 12278:Refworld 12229:Archived 12180:Archived 12161:15 April 12115:Archived 12088:Archived 12017:Archived 11948:Archived 11857:19 March 11851:Archived 11807:Archived 11783:Archived 11759:Archived 11720:Archived 11701:15 April 11650:Archived 11621:Archived 11593:Archived 11569:21 March 11530:Archived 11494:15 April 11416:Archived 11369:Archived 11304:Archived 11202:Archived 11190:(2008). 11162:Archived 11123:Archived 11084:Archived 11052:Archived 11020:Archived 10978:Archived 10865:Archived 10825:Archived 10778:Archived 10744:Archived 10697:"Turkey" 10674:Archived 10631:Archived 10591:Archived 10539:Archived 10487:Archived 10445:Archived 10406:Archived 10347:Archived 10283:Archived 10259:Archived 10229:Archived 10203:15 April 10197:Archived 10192:BBC News 10171:15 April 10144:15 April 10138:Archived 10112:Archived 10091:15 April 10085:Archived 10080:BBC News 10058:15 April 10052:Archived 10032:12 April 9990:15 April 9984:Archived 9964:15 April 9926:Archived 9848:15 April 9822:15 April 9795:15 April 9789:Archived 9769:15 April 9719:Archived 9695:15 April 9669:Archived 9663:BBC News 9648:15 April 9622:15 April 9616:Archived 9595:10 April 9533:15 April 9527:Archived 9523:Guardian 9502:15 April 9497:BBC News 9476:15 April 9450:15 April 9424:15 April 9418:Archived 9364:Archived 9310:Archived 9281:Archived 9221:Archived 9182:Archived 9144:archived 9064:15 April 9058:Archived 9013:Archived 8986:Archived 8960:Archived 8835:Archived 8805:Archived 8775:Archived 8751:16 April 8745:Archived 8719:Archived 8699:21 March 8670:21 March 8644:21 March 8638:Archived 8614:21 March 8542:Archived 8516:Archived 8484:Archived 8458:Archived 8432:Archived 8406:Archived 8380:85162306 8279:17 April 8273:Archived 8249:17 April 8243:Archived 8003:See also 7941:and the 7835:Brussels 7738:Karliova 7699:Bayraklı 7695:car bomb 7688:Istanbul 7622:Güroymak 7601:Altındağ 7586:Istanbul 7254:cannabis 7105:deaths. 7095:stated: 7074:stated: 6861:states: 6578:508 (73) 6330:131 (37) 6239:865 (37) 6075:64 (185) 5793:28 (125) 3829:base in 3635:Milliyet 3563:Şemdinli 3459:Reşadiye 3407:Şemdinli 3405:post in 3341:Marmaris 3310:, using 3308:ambushes 3218:AK Party 3098:Damascus 3078:Zap Camp 2975:Barelias 2927:Gulf War 2603:Nusaybin 2469:folklore 2399:autonomy 2385:and the 2044:Şemdinli 1899:Şemdinli 1869:Istanbul 1854:Reşadiye 1805:Istanbul 1720:Taşdelen 1715:Yeşilova 1710:Pınarcık 1674:Timeline 1603:Islamist 1492:: 32,800 1452:Strength 395:YJA-STAR 67:Location 25177:Lebanon 24989:Bahrain 24665:Myanmar 23486:Revolts 23334:Outline 23310:Commons 23243:Theater 23226:Pottery 23142:Ottoman 23137:Cuisine 23115:Ottoman 23092:Culture 23077:Poverty 23009:Society 22894:Tourism 22847:Defense 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