1257:
1861:
726:
797:
1830:
1875:
1306:
1818:
380:
1268:
1244:
118:
1286:
830:
1842:
1615:
1165:
446:
368:
1332:
344:
1369:
637:
356:
1806:
392:
404:
1190:
476:(Copper Marl), (T1 or Z1) is an extensive and remarkable sedimentary unit in Central Europe. The relatively monotonous succession is typically 30 to 60 centimetres (12 to 24 in) and maximum 2 metres (6.6 ft) thick, but extends over an area of 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 sq mi) across the
951:
Two main
Kupferschiefer mining areas in Poland are the North-Sudetic trough, with 212,894 tonnes of copper and 756.7 tonnes of silver mined as of 2012 and an estimated remaining reserves of 1,460,000 tonnes of copper, and the Fore-Sudetic monocline, with more than 20,000,000 tonnes of copper and more
820:
mining of the
Kupferschiefer ores. The medieval mining history of the Kupferschiefer ores is documented in written sources since at least 1199 A.D. from the Mansfeld district in Central Germany. The Counts of Mansfeld developed several copper mines, smelters, and a mint at the town of Eisleben, where
761:
The climate of the Late
Permian was extremely variable, with polar icecaps present near the south pole and hot and arid conditions prevailing in the tropic and paleotemperate regions of the northern and southern hemispheres. The Zechstein sea in the Late Permian was located at paleolatitudes around
890:
in Saxony, the
Kupferschiefer is estimated to contain 130 million tonnes of ore, of which 1,486,000 tonnes of copper, with a copper content of 1.47%. The mining district is about 15 by 3 kilometres (9.3 mi Ă— 1.9 mi) and the copper-bearing beds lie at a depth between 980 and 1,580
952:
than 14,085 tonnes of silver mined since 1949. Main mining districts in Poland are the GĹ‚ogĂłw industrial district, the LubichĂłw and
Grodziec fields, and the Konrad, Lena, Lubin, Nowy Kosciół, Polkowice, Rudna and Sieroszowice mines. The latter mine is the type locality for the silver-
655:
of north-central Europe. The unit is typically 30 to 60 centimetres (12 to 24 in) thick. In the
Rossenray 2 shaft, the unit reaches a maximum thickness of 2 metres (6.6 ft). The Kupferschiefer unconformably overlies various formations of the
862:, a copper-lead-iron sulfide. The latter mineral has a co-type locality in the Ernst-Thälmann shaft, that operated from 1906 to 1962 and produced 260,000 tons of copper; about 10% of the overall production from the Mansfeld area.
3232:
Ezcurra, MartĂn D.; Scheyer, Torsten M.; Butler, Richard J. (2014b), "Correction: The Origin and Early
Evolution of Sauria: Reassessing the Permian Saurian Fossil Record and the Timing of the Crocodile-Lizard Divergence",
3181:
Ezcurra, MartĂn D.; Scheyer, Torsten M.; Butler, Richard J. (2014a), "The Origin and Early
Evolution of Sauria: Reassessing the Permian Saurian Fossil Record and the Timing of the Crocodile-Lizard Divergence",
3116:
2920:
Zientek, Michael L.; Oszczepalski, SĹ‚awomir; Parks, Heather L.; Bliss, James D.; Borg, Gregor; Box, Stephen E.; Denning, Paul D.; Hayes, Timothy S.; Spieth and Cliff D. Taylor, Volker (2015),
544:
The
Kupferschiefer is renowned for hosting one of the most important copper deposits in the world, which were mined at least since 1199 AD. Other mineral resources found in the unit include
3041:(WEIGELT), einen petalodonten Elasmobranchier aus dem Kupferschiefer (Ober-Perm) von Eisle - ben und Sangerhausen (Sachsen-Anhalt) (About new finds and informations of the petalodontid
2879:"The role of the Kupferschiefer in the formation of hydrothermal base metal mineralization in the Spessart ore district, Germany: insight from detailed sulfur isotope studies"
1898:
1040:
3112:"A coelacanthid-rich site at Hasbergen (NW Germany): taphonomy and palaeoenvironment of a first systematic excavation in the Kupferschiefer (Upper Permian, Lopingian)"
2945:
2492:
844:, which operated from at least 1199 AD, and has provided 2,009,800 tonnes of copper and 11,111 tonnes of silver. The Mansfeld mining district was exhausted in 1990.
692:
672:, an organic-lean thin limestone unit. Despite its distinctive nature, the Kupferschiefer is not ranked as a formation but is officially declared a sub-unit of the
669:
2076:
1627:
677:
155:
3484:
1893:
1888:
1640:
1903:
873:, which produced 619,200 tonnes of copper and 3,102 tonnes of silver as of 2012, with 860,000; respectively 4,650 tonnes as remaining proven reserves.
1713:
1433:
1104:
2886:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1665:
1547:
1472:
1064:
977:
933:
1737:
1731:
1677:
1671:
1565:
859:
713:
The
Kupferschiefer contains up to 30% organic matter, with variations across its extent. The basinal facies shows values of between 5 and 25%
3417:
1779:
1516:
973:
3005:"The ginkgophytes from the German Kupferschiefer (Permian), with considerations on the taxonomic history and use of Baiera and Sphenobaiera"
776:
analysis has revealed that the Late Permian was characterized by a drastic increase in global temperatures, accompanied by a strong rise of
651:
The Kupferschiefer is a regional stratigraphic unit stretching across an area of 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 sq mi) in the
1659:
1578:
1420:
805:
1725:
1719:
1695:
1689:
1407:
1653:
957:
537:. At time of deposition, the area what is now northern Europe was covered by an enclosed sea; the Zechstein sea, characterized by
3152:"The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms"
804:
Prehistoric finds of slag and bronze from smelting sites on top of or immediately adjacent to outcropping Kupferschiefer ores at
717:, while the marginal facies present values up to 7% TOC and swell facies are much poorer in organic matter with values below 1%.
758:. Sedimentation rates during Kupferschiefer deposition were low, estimated at 5 millimetres (0.20 in) per thousand years.
2828:
784:, the biggest extinction event in geologic history, is thought to have been caused mostly by large volcanic provinces of the
495:
Despite its distinctive nature, the Kupferschiefer is not ranked as a formation but is officially declared a sub-unit of the
2736:
2720:
2695:
2679:
2663:
2644:
2628:
2607:
2582:
2566:
2534:
2779:
2550:
2449:
2133:
2105:
2877:
Wagner, Thomas; Okrusch, Martin; Weyer, Stefan; Lorenz, Joachim; Lahaye, Yann; Taubald, Heiner; Schmit, Ralf T. (2010),
3374:
2923:
Assessment of Undiscovered Copper Resources Associated with the Permian Kupferschiefer, Southern Permian Basin, Europe
3514:
3509:
1829:
781:
918:
3489:
3474:
2804:
Borg, Gregor; Piestrzyński, Adam; Bachmann, Gerhard H.; Püttmann, Wilhelm; Walther, Sabine; Fiedler, Marco (2012),
1942:
3479:
3171:
2930:
3330:
3290:
1256:
2984:
298:
259:
3469:
3464:
533:
deposited mostly in an open marine setting, with the borders of its extension deposited in a shallow marine
3454:
2829:"Genesis of Kupferschiefer Cu-Ag Deposits by Convective Flow of Rotliegende Brines during Triassic Rifting"
1045:
880:
725:
696:
252:
3072:
gen. et sp. nov., a new weigeltisaurid (Reptilia) from the Kupfershiefer (sic) (Upper Permian) of Germany"
1009:
specimens are known from the Kupferschiefer in the states of Thuringia and Hesse in central Germany. The
3494:
796:
746:
setting, in a deep enclosed basin, covered by the Zechstein sea that was present on the paleocontinent
1817:
3499:
3449:
1010:
2855:
3459:
534:
780:. The rise in oxygen isotope values was possibly related to an increase in volcanic activity. The
3444:
3076:
3009:
1060:
1052:
743:
2921:
2850:
2486:
1908:
1841:
1182:
652:
618:
477:
424:
3504:
3267:
1866:
135:
887:
3383:
3339:
3244:
3193:
3125:
3085:
2895:
2842:
714:
8:
3281:
1936:
1880:
1202:
953:
624:
3387:
3343:
3248:
3197:
3129:
3089:
2899:
2846:
3216:
2954:
777:
755:
413:
3365:
3317:
3221:
3111:
3067:
3036:
3004:
2805:
1918:
895:
676:, the lowest formation of the Zechstein Group. The Kupferschiefer is overlain by the
2976:
3391:
3347:
3299:
3252:
3211:
3201:
3133:
3093:
3018:
2903:
2860:
2833:
1176:
1151:
1069:
995:
730:
661:
657:
568:
500:
165:
3257:
3206:
3175:
1305:
733:
fossil locations indicated. Note the Zechstein sea is not shown as an inland sea.
673:
665:
496:
461:
145:
2977:"Der erste Nachweis eines decapoden Krebses im niederrheinischen Kupferschiefer"
2878:
2864:
1912:
821:
copper and silver coins were minted from the metals of the Kupferschiefer ores.
640:
Stratigraphic succession including the Kupferschiefer in the Kamsdorf mine near
3045:
from the Kupferschiefer (Upper Permian) of Eisleben and Sangerhausen, Germany)"
2276:
1924:
785:
668:. In some parts of the Zechstein Basin, the Kupferschiefer is underlain by the
484:
or in the subsurface straddling six countries, including parts of the southern
291:
3326:(Archosauromorpha) from the Kupferschiefer (Upper Permian) of Hessen, Germany"
3286:
n. sp., ein Ephemeropteren-Fund (Insecta) aus dem niederrheinischen Zechstein"
3137:
3097:
2907:
883:
564:
3438:
3022:
1805:
1534:
1381:
1298:
1157:
1092:
1086:
990:
870:
841:
684:
612:
538:
504:
313:
300:
274:
261:
69:
31:
27:
1267:
3225:
1930:
1683:
1607:
1594:
1498:
1278:
1243:
1236:
1080:
1028:
866:
707:
600:
588:
123:
117:
1285:
829:
2783:
2740:
2724:
2699:
2683:
2667:
2648:
2632:
2611:
2586:
2570:
2554:
2538:
2453:
2137:
2109:
1982:
877:
703:
515:
385:
198:
44:
2780:
Kupferschiefer 450 m floor Friedrich Heinrich Mine Kamp-Lintfort Germany
2371:
2341:
2258:
1614:
1164:
847:
Eisleben in the Mansfeld Land is the type locality of two minerals; the
3351:
3303:
2405:
2401:
2390:
2386:
2375:
2360:
2356:
2345:
2330:
2326:
2315:
2300:
2296:
2262:
2247:
2232:
2228:
2217:
2213:
1986:
1968:
1964:
1459:
1446:
1394:
1220:
1214:
1110:
1051:
are abundantly found in different locations in the Kupferschiefer. The
1024:
1019:
999:
876:
In the Spremberg-Graustein-Schleife mining area, stretching across the
855:
817:
813:
766:
and arid conditions also prevailed near the Zechstein sea of the time.
606:
594:
583:
519:
489:
445:
89:
54:
3151:
2311:
2243:
1528:
1485:
1331:
965:
937:
922:
809:
747:
645:
575:
530:
485:
373:
216:
94:
38:
3395:
3265:
Grebe, H (1957), "Zur Mikroflora des niederrheinischen Zechsteins",
1368:
988:
The Kupferschiefer has provided unique fossils of an early reptile;
3235:
3184:
1983:
Bernard Koenen shafts I and II, Copper slate deposits, Sangerhausen
1344:
1098:
1014:
940:
909:
The "Im Lochborn" mine, mining from the Kupferschiefer, located in
852:
641:
636:
579:
549:
526:
450:
Extent of the Zechstein sea, where the Kupferschiefer was deposited
240:
212:
84:
79:
64:
59:
49:
1559:
1361:
1355:
1324:
1318:
1122:
1116:
1056:
969:
929:
899:
834:
773:
769:
688:
571:
508:
481:
361:
349:
99:
74:
3429:
2803:
1189:
1707:
1510:
1075:
1032:
926:
914:
910:
848:
763:
751:
557:
503:. The unit has been dated to 257.3 ± 1.6 Ma, placing it in the
409:
397:
232:
220:
3003:
Bauer, Kathleen; Kustatscher, Evelyn; Krings, Michael (2013),
840:
The main mining district of the Kupferschiefer in Germany was
762:
15 to 16 degrees north. Large areas of Pangea were covered by
691:. The age of the unit corresponds to the Ilinskoe part of the
604:, flora and other fossils. Famous finds from the unit include
3159:
2919:
683:
The unit has been dated to 257.3 ± 1.6 Ma, placing it in the
499:, the lowest formation of the Zechstein Group, overlying the
1899:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in the Netherlands
961:
903:
553:
545:
522:
236:
228:
224:
202:
488:. The lateral equivalent outcropping in England is called
2876:
2810:
Society of Economic Geologists, Inc. Special Publication
960:. The Polkowice mine is the type locality for two rare
3002:
2689:
3370:, the first named pareiasaur (Amniota, Parareptilia)"
3231:
3180:
2806:"An Overview of the European Kupferschiefer Deposits"
2477:
1978:
1976:
1960:
1958:
754:. The basin possibly had periodic connections to the
2576:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1894:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany
1889:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Denmark
1856:
2395:
1904:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Poland
3282:"Zur Arthropoden-Fauna des Karbons und Perms. 21.
2415:
2413:
2335:
2237:
2099:
1973:
1955:
729:Paleogeography of the Late Permian (260 Ma), with
3049:Veröffentlichungen Naturhist. Museum Schleusingen
2560:
2506:
2380:
2320:
2005:
1911:, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of the
1078:. Other fish found in the Kupferschiefer include
1055:of the "Eisleben Shale Fish", or "Kupferschiefer
1013:for the species is GlĂĽcksbrunn, Heidelberg, near
183:Typically 30 to 60 centimetres (12 to 24 in)
3436:
2974:
2705:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2222:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2129:
2127:
1031:. Fossils of both species were found containing
894:The Kupferschiefer contains up to 3% copper, 10
3065:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2422:
2410:
2365:
2305:
983:
2947:Paleo-ecosystems: upper Permian Kupferschiefer
2773:
2755:
2746:
2659:
2657:
2592:
2350:
2207:
2053:
16:Copper-bearing shale deposit in Central Europe
2975:Bachmayer, Friedrich; Malzahn, Erich (1983),
2721:Rossenray 2 Shaft, 415 m depth, Kamp-Lintfort
2515:
2468:
2459:
2281:
2198:
2182:
2170:
2161:
2124:
2730:
2673:
2617:
2497:
2443:
2436:
2434:
2290:
2069:
2067:
2065:
1188:
1163:
833:Kupferschiefer from Mansfeld with a vein of
816:in Central Germany evidence Early to Middle
3485:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Europe
3363:
2714:
2654:
2544:
2252:
2044:
737:
2638:
2037:
2035:
444:
116:
3256:
3215:
3205:
3117:Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments
2854:
2764:
2431:
2062:
1998:
1996:
1994:
175:600,000 km (230,000 sq mi)
3315:
3109:
3066:Bulanov, V. V.; Sennikov, A. G. (2015),
2152:
2143:
1250:
828:
795:
724:
635:
563:The Kupferschiefer is also an important
3279:
3149:
2955:Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
2601:
2115:
2090:
2081:
2032:
3437:
3034:
2826:
2023:
1991:
943:, also has the mine as type locality.
932:named after the location. The mineral
742:The Kupferschiefer was deposited in a
3264:
865:Many minerals have been found in the
480:. The Kupferschiefer can be found in
439:"Kupfer" = copper, "Schiefer" = shale
2512:Bulanov & Sennikov, 2015, p.1357
2134:GlĂĽcksbrunn/Heidelberg near Schweina
2020:Bachmayer & Malzahn, 1983, p.101
1017:in Thuringia. The type locality for
1002:, fish, an insect and fossil flora.
800:Miners extracting copper in Mansfeld
2267:
1965:Copper slate deposits, Sangerhausen
567:; having provided fossils of early
13:
3375:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2297:"Im Lochborn" mine, Bieber, Hessen
1732:Jugasporites delasaucei delasaucei
1613:
1367:
1330:
1304:
1284:
1266:
1255:
1242:
891:metres (3,220 and 5,180 ft).
14:
3526:
3408:
1129:
782:Permian-Triassic extinction event
680:sub-unit of the Werra Formation.
3364:Tsuji, L.A.; MĂĽller, J. (2008),
2535:Richelsdorf (Althaus collection)
2059:Tsuji & MĂĽller, 2008, p.1112
1943:Old Adaminaby and Lake Eucumbene
1873:
1859:
1840:
1828:
1816:
1804:
1792:
1074:(mining inspection director) of
720:
664:and forms the basal unit of the
402:
390:
378:
366:
354:
342:
42:
2792:
2680:Hasbergen Excavation Planum III
2277:KSL Kupferschiefer Lausitz GmbH
1835:Thuringian-Franconian mountains
3316:Munk, W.; Sues, H.-P. (1993),
2943:
2629:Hasbergen Excavation Planum II
2259:Ernst-Thälmann shaft, Mansfeld
1299:Hopleacanthus richelsdorfensis
1087:Hopleacanthus richelsdorfensis
631:
586:, many fossil fish, including
1:
2664:Hasbergen Excavation Planum I
1949:
1499:Ctenacanthus richelsdorfensis
514:The Kupferschiefer comprises
3331:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
3291:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
3258:10.1371/journal.pone.0097828
3207:10.1371/journal.pone.0089165
2567:Mansfeld, Dresden collection
2474:Munk & Kues, 1993, p.172
2465:Munk & Kues, 1993, p.171
1786:
1702:
1647:
1634:
1621:
1601:
1585:
1572:
1554:
1541:
1523:
1505:
1492:
1479:
1466:
1453:
1440:
1427:
1414:
1401:
1388:
1375:
1349:
1338:
1312:
1292:
1227:
1209:
1196:
1171:
984:Paleontological significance
976:, named after the mine, and
292:Approximate paleocoordinates
126:vein from the Kupferschiefer
7:
2865:10.2113/gsecongeo.81.8.1823
2077:Drama im Kupferschiefermeer
1852:
1038:Fossil fish of the species
695:of European Russia and the
185:Max. 2 m (6.6 ft)
10:
3531:
3284:Protereisma rossenrayensis
3150:Ezcurra, MartĂn D (2016),
2419:Ezcurra et al., 2014a, p.7
1548:Pteronautilus seebachianus
1535:Peripetoceras freieslebeni
1517:Protereisma rossenrayensis
1231:
824:
574:, the ancestors to modern
3420:Palaeoniscum freieslebeni
3138:10.1007/s12549-009-0004-6
3098:10.1134/S0031030115120035
2985:Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien
2908:10.1007/s00126-009-0270-2
2827:Jowett, E. Craig (1986),
2761:Bauer et al., 2013, p.549
2752:Bauer et al., 2013, p.546
2488:Palaeoniscum freieslebeni
1595:Neocalamites mansfeldicus
1589:
1558:
1527:
1329:
1237:Palaeoniscum freieslebeni
1234:
1175:
1041:Palaeoniscum freieslebeni
946:
791:
601:Palaeoniscum freieslebeni
443:
435:
430:
420:
337:
329:
290:
251:
246:
208:
194:
189:
179:
171:
161:
151:
141:
131:
115:
26:
21:
3515:Permian System of Europe
3510:Geology of the North Sea
3023:10.3140/bull.geosci.1394
2737:Merzenberg, near Milbitz
2440:Tsuji & MĂĽller, 2008
2287:Borg et al., 2012, p.456
2204:Borg et al., 2012, p.475
2195:Borg et al., 2012, p.458
2179:Borg et al., 2012, p.455
2167:Borg et al., 2012, p.457
1762:Pityosporites granulatus
1756:Nuskoisporites dulhuntyi
1738:J. delasaucei moersensis
1714:Crustaesporites globosus
1672:Quadrocladus orobiformis
1434:Muensterichthys buergeri
1382:Acentrophorus glaphyurus
1105:Muensterichthys buergeri
1093:Acentrophorus glaphyurus
1005:As of 2014, at least 28
738:Depositional environment
3490:Paleontology in Germany
3475:Shallow marine deposits
3422:from the Kupferschiefer
3077:Paleontological Journal
3035:Brandt, Silvio (2009),
3010:Bulletin of Geosciences
2493:Museum Schloss Bernburg
1744:Lueckisporites richteri
1473:Reticulolepis exsculpta
1279:Coelacanthus granulatus
1081:Coelacanthus granulatus
1061:Johann Karl Freiesleben
1035:pebbles in their guts.
750:, the northern part of
693:Sokolki Assemblage Zone
589:Coelacanthus granulatus
3480:Source rock formations
3110:Diedrich, C.G (2009),
2158:Paleo-ecosystems, p.11
2149:Paleo-ecosystems, p.10
2041:Paleo-ecosystems, p.22
1909:Rio do Rasto Formation
1780:Platysaccus papilionis
1684:Sphenopteris kukukiana
1666:Pseudovoltzia liebeana
1618:
1372:
1335:
1309:
1289:
1271:
1260:
1247:
1193:
1183:Weigeltisaurus jaekeli
1168:
837:
801:
734:
653:Southern Permian Basin
648:
619:Weigeltisaurus jaekeli
478:Southern Permian Basin
425:Southern Permian Basin
3268:Geologisches Jahrbuch
2696:Richelsdorf Mountains
2121:Paleo-ecosystems, p.9
2096:Paleo-ecosystems, p.6
2087:Paleo-ecosystems, p.7
2050:Ezcurra et al., 2014b
2029:Paleo-ecosystems, p.2
2002:Paleo-ecosystems, p.4
1867:Earth sciences portal
1617:
1608:Sphenobaiera digitata
1371:
1334:
1308:
1288:
1270:
1259:
1246:
1192:
1167:
1158:Protorosaurus speneri
1114:, and two species of
1007:Protorosaurus speneri
991:Protorosaurus speneri
832:
799:
728:
639:
613:Protorosaurus speneri
122:Sample of shale with
3470:Open marine deposits
3465:Limestone formations
3366:"A Re-evaluation of
2711:Guthörl, 1965, p.229
1720:Illenites cf. bentzi
1628:Baiera mansfeldensis
1460:Pygopterus humboldti
1395:Dorypterus hoffmanni
670:Mutterflöz Limestone
595:Dorypterus hoffmanni
333:North-central Europe
3455:Mudstone formations
3388:2008CaJES..45.1111T
3368:Parasaurus geinitzi
3344:1993PalZ...67..169K
3322:(Pareiasauria) and
3280:Guthörl, P (1965),
3249:2014PLoSO...997828.
3198:2014PLoSO...989165E
3130:2009PdPe...89...67D
3090:2015PalJ...49.1353B
3070:Glaurung schneideri
3037:"Ăśber Neufunde von
2900:2010MinDe..45..217W
2847:1986EcGeo..81.1823J
2428:Ezcurra, 2016, p.22
1937:Copperbelt Province
1881:Paleontology portal
1660:Calipteris martinsi
1566:Aviculopinna prisca
1447:Platysomus striatus
1221:Parasaurus geinitzi
1203:Glaurung schneideri
1111:Platysomus striatus
1020:Parasaurus geinitzi
902:and up to 3000 ppm
678:Zechstein Limestone
625:Glaurung schneideri
607:Parasaurus geinitzi
310: /
271: /
156:Zechstein Limestone
28:Stratigraphic range
3352:10.1007/BF02985876
3304:10.1007/BF02990167
3174:2017-12-02 at the
2598:Brandt, 2009, p.16
2583:Freieslebenschacht
2214:Eisleben, Mansfeld
1654:Bhenania reichelti
1641:Esterella gracilis
1619:
1421:Globulodus elegans
1408:Eurysomus macrurus
1373:
1336:
1319:Janassa bituminosa
1310:
1290:
1272:
1261:
1248:
1194:
1169:
838:
802:
778:eustatic sea level
756:Paleo-Tethys Ocean
735:
649:
3495:Mining in Germany
3430:Kupferschiefer.de
3382:(10): 1111–1121,
3318:"Gut contents of
3084:(12): 1353–1364,
2342:Sieroszowice mine
2106:Schwarzer Philipp
1919:Copperfields Mine
1847:Eastern Brunswick
1823:Thuringian Forest
1798:Zechstein in blue
1790:
1789:
994:belonging to the
662:Varsican basement
454:
453:
37:258.9–255.7
3522:
3500:Mining in Poland
3450:Shale formations
3428:
3416:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3338:(1–2): 169–176,
3312:
3311:
3310:
3276:
3261:
3260:
3228:
3219:
3209:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3156:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3031:
3030:
3029:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2981:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2952:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2928:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2883:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2858:
2841:(8): 1823–1837,
2834:Economic Geology
2823:
2822:
2821:
2787:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2744:
2734:
2728:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2703:
2693:
2687:
2677:
2671:
2661:
2652:
2642:
2636:
2626:
2615:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2590:
2580:
2574:
2564:
2558:
2548:
2542:
2532:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2457:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2429:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2393:
2384:
2378:
2369:
2363:
2354:
2348:
2339:
2333:
2324:
2318:
2309:
2303:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2256:
2250:
2241:
2235:
2226:
2220:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2180:
2177:
2168:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2131:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2030:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2003:
2000:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1844:
1832:
1820:
1808:
1690:Ullmannia bronni
1356:Wodnika althausi
1177:Weigeltisauridae
1152:Archosauromorpha
1134:
1133:
1073:
1049:
996:Archosauromorpha
731:Archosauromorpha
658:Rotliegend Group
501:Rotliegend Group
448:
408:
406:
405:
396:
394:
393:
384:
382:
381:
372:
370:
369:
360:
358:
357:
348:
346:
345:
325:
324:
322:
321:
320:
315:
311:
308:
307:
306:
303:
286:
285:
283:
282:
281:
276:
272:
269:
268:
267:
264:
166:Rotliegend Group
120:
111:
41:
19:
18:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3460:Marl formations
3435:
3434:
3426:
3414:
3411:
3400:
3398:
3396:10.1139/E08-060
3356:
3354:
3308:
3306:
3176:Wayback Machine
3166:
3164:
3163:, 4e1778: 1–385
3154:
3142:
3140:
3102:
3100:
3058:
3056:
3027:
3025:
2995:
2993:
2979:
2960:
2958:
2957:, pp. 1–73
2950:
2936:
2934:
2933:, pp. 1–95
2926:
2912:
2910:
2881:
2869:
2867:
2856:10.1.1.873.8027
2819:
2817:
2795:
2790:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2735:
2731:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2694:
2690:
2678:
2674:
2662:
2655:
2643:
2639:
2627:
2618:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2581:
2577:
2565:
2561:
2549:
2545:
2533:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2411:
2400:
2396:
2385:
2381:
2370:
2366:
2355:
2351:
2340:
2336:
2325:
2321:
2310:
2306:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2257:
2253:
2242:
2238:
2227:
2223:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2183:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2132:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2006:
2001:
1992:
1981:
1974:
1963:
1956:
1952:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1836:
1833:
1824:
1821:
1812:
1809:
1795:
1768:P. schaubergeri
1345:Menaspis armata
1132:
1099:Menaspis armata
1067:
1053:species epithet
1043:
986:
949:
921:of the mineral
827:
794:
740:
723:
700:Assemblage Zone
674:Werra Formation
666:Zechstein Group
634:
569:Archosauromorph
497:Werra Formation
449:
403:
401:
400:
391:
389:
388:
379:
377:
376:
367:
365:
364:
355:
353:
352:
343:
341:
318:
316:
312:
309:
304:
301:
299:
297:
296:
279:
277:
273:
270:
265:
262:
260:
258:
257:
184:
146:Werra Formation
127:
110:
109:
108:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
36:
35:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3528:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3445:Kupferschiefer
3433:
3432:
3424:
3410:
3409:External links
3407:
3406:
3405:
3361:
3313:
3277:
3262:
3229:
3178:
3147:
3124:(1–2): 67–94,
3107:
3063:
3032:
3000:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2941:
2917:
2894:(3): 217–239,
2887:Miner Deposita
2874:
2824:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2729:
2713:
2704:
2688:
2672:
2653:
2637:
2616:
2600:
2591:
2575:
2559:
2543:
2514:
2505:
2503:Weichelt, 1930
2496:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2442:
2430:
2421:
2409:
2394:
2379:
2372:Polkowice mine
2364:
2349:
2334:
2319:
2304:
2289:
2280:
2266:
2251:
2236:
2221:
2206:
2197:
2181:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2123:
2114:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2031:
2022:
2004:
1990:
1972:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1925:Copper Country
1922:
1916:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1870:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1803:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1696:U. frumentaria
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1579:Bakevellia sp.
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
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1522:
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1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1494:
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1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1403:
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1400:
1398:
1390:
1389:
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1385:
1377:
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1374:
1365:
1351:
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1340:
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1328:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1302:
1294:
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1263:
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1240:
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1228:
1226:
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1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1161:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1131:
1130:Fossil content
1128:
985:
982:
948:
945:
826:
823:
793:
790:
786:Siberian Traps
739:
736:
722:
719:
633:
630:
468:, also called
458:Kupferschiefer
452:
451:
441:
440:
437:
433:
432:
428:
427:
422:
418:
417:
339:
335:
334:
331:
327:
326:
294:
288:
287:
255:
249:
248:
244:
243:
210:
206:
205:
196:
192:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
121:
113:
112:
105:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
24:
23:
22:Kupferschiefer
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3527:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3413:
3412:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3369:
3362:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3324:Protorosaurus
3321:
3314:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3285:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3162:
3161:
3153:
3148:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3064:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3044:
3043:Janassa korni
3040:
3039:Janassa korni
3033:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2956:
2949:
2948:
2942:
2932:
2925:
2924:
2918:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2880:
2875:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2767:
2758:
2749:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2708:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2595:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2556:
2552:
2551:Wolfsberg pit
2547:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2509:
2500:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2437:
2435:
2425:
2416:
2414:
2407:
2403:
2402:Morozeviczite
2398:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2284:
2278:
2270:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2118:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2078:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2036:
2026:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1871:
1868:
1857:
1843:
1838:
1831:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1793:Geologic maps
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1726:I. cf. unicus
1722:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1486:Acrolepis sp.
1483:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1066:
1065:Berghauptmann
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1011:type locality
1008:
1003:
1001:
998:, as well as
997:
993:
992:
981:
979:
978:morozeviczite
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
944:
942:
939:
935:
931:
928:
924:
920:
919:type locality
916:
912:
907:
905:
901:
897:
892:
889:
885:
882:
879:
874:
872:
871:Saxony-Anhalt
868:
863:
861:
857:
854:
850:
845:
843:
842:Mansfeld Land
836:
831:
822:
819:
815:
811:
807:
798:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
765:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
732:
727:
721:Basin history
718:
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
699:
694:
690:
687:stage of the
686:
685:Wuchiapingian
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
654:
647:
643:
638:
629:
627:
626:
621:
620:
615:
614:
609:
608:
603:
602:
597:
596:
591:
590:
585:
582:, as well as
581:
577:
573:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
521:
517:
512:
510:
507:stage of the
506:
505:Wuchiapingian
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
447:
442:
438:
434:
429:
426:
423:
419:
415:
411:
399:
387:
375:
363:
351:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
314:15.3°N 22.6°E
295:
293:
289:
284:
275:51.0°N 10.0°E
256:
254:
250:
245:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
211:
207:
204:
200:
197:
193:
188:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
137:
134:
130:
125:
119:
114:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
40:
33:
29:
25:
20:
3505:Copper mines
3419:
3399:, retrieved
3379:
3373:
3367:
3355:, retrieved
3335:
3329:
3323:
3319:
3307:, retrieved
3295:
3289:
3283:
3272:
3266:
3240:
3234:
3189:
3183:
3165:, retrieved
3158:
3141:, retrieved
3121:
3115:
3101:, retrieved
3081:
3075:
3069:
3057:, retrieved
3052:
3048:
3042:
3038:
3026:, retrieved
3014:
3008:
2994:, retrieved
2989:
2983:
2969:Paleontology
2959:, retrieved
2946:
2935:, retrieved
2922:
2911:, retrieved
2891:
2885:
2868:, retrieved
2838:
2832:
2818:, retrieved
2813:
2809:
2793:Bibliography
2775:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2732:
2716:
2707:
2691:
2675:
2640:
2603:
2594:
2578:
2562:
2546:
2508:
2499:
2487:
2479:
2470:
2461:
2445:
2424:
2397:
2382:
2367:
2352:
2337:
2322:
2307:
2292:
2283:
2269:
2254:
2244:Betekhtinite
2239:
2224:
2209:
2200:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2117:
2101:
2092:
2083:
2055:
2046:
2025:
1945:of Australia
1931:Chuquicamata
1913:Paraná Basin
1797:
1796:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1639:
1626:
1606:
1593:
1577:
1564:
1546:
1533:
1515:
1497:
1484:
1471:
1458:
1445:
1432:
1419:
1406:
1393:
1380:
1362:W. striatula
1360:
1354:
1343:
1323:
1317:
1297:
1277:
1235:
1219:
1215:Pareiasauria
1201:
1181:
1156:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1059:" refers to
1039:
1037:
1029:Lower Saxony
1018:
1006:
1004:
1000:Pareiasauria
989:
987:
950:
908:
893:
875:
869:district of
867:Sangerhausen
864:
860:betekhtinite
846:
839:
803:
768:
760:
741:
712:
708:South Africa
698:Tropidostoma
697:
689:Late Permian
682:
650:
623:
617:
611:
605:
599:
593:
587:
578:and extinct
562:
543:
541:conditions.
516:black shales
513:
509:Late Permian
494:
474:Kupfermergel
473:
470:Copper Slate
469:
466:Copper Shale
465:
457:
455:
431:Type section
124:chalcopyrite
32:Late Permian
3427:(in German)
3415:(in German)
3298:: 229–233,
3192:(2): 1–36,
3017:: 539–556,
2784:Fossilworks
2770:Grebe, 1957
2741:Fossilworks
2725:Fossilworks
2700:Fossilworks
2684:Fossilworks
2668:Fossilworks
2649:Fossilworks
2633:Fossilworks
2612:Fossilworks
2587:Fossilworks
2571:Fossilworks
2555:Fossilworks
2539:Fossilworks
2484:(in German)
2454:Fossilworks
2387:Polkovicite
2274:(in German)
2138:Fossilworks
2110:Fossilworks
2074:(in German)
1927:of Michigan
1750:L. virkkiae
1068: [
1044: [
974:polkovicite
954:quicksilver
884:Spree-NeiĂźe
878:Brandenburg
704:Karoo Basin
632:Description
584:pareiasaurs
565:lagerstätte
535:environment
414:Kaliningrad
386:Netherlands
317: /
278: /
253:Coordinates
199:Black shale
3439:Categories
3418:Images of
3401:2019-03-14
3357:2019-03-14
3320:Parasaurus
3309:2019-03-14
3167:2019-03-14
3143:2019-03-14
3103:2019-03-14
3059:2019-03-14
3028:2019-03-14
2996:2019-03-14
2961:2019-03-14
2937:2019-03-14
2913:2019-03-14
2870:2019-03-14
2820:2019-03-14
2450:Walkenried
2406:Mindat.org
2391:Mindat.org
2376:Mindat.org
2361:Mindat.org
2346:Mindat.org
2331:Mindat.org
2327:Rösslerite
2316:Mindat.org
2301:Mindat.org
2263:Mindat.org
2248:Mindat.org
2233:Mindat.org
2229:Maucherite
2218:Mindat.org
1987:Mindat.org
1969:Mindat.org
1950:References
1590:Macroflora
1529:Nautiloids
1025:Walkenried
972:minerals;
956:amalgame,
934:rösslerite
856:maucherite
818:Bronze Age
814:Bottendorf
806:Wettelrode
576:crocodiles
531:limestones
520:bituminous
490:Marl Slate
319:15.3; 22.6
280:51.0; 10.0
2851:CiteSeerX
2816:: 455–486
2312:Bieberite
1939:of Zambia
1921:of Canada
1774:P. zapfei
1678:Q. solmsi
968:-bearing
966:germanium
938:magnesium
923:bieberite
810:Mohrungen
748:Laurussia
744:highstand
646:Thuringia
580:dinosaurs
527:mudstones
486:North Sea
436:Named for
374:Lithuania
217:limestone
190:Lithology
180:Thickness
152:Underlies
3243:(5): 1,
3236:PLoS ONE
3226:24586565
3185:PLoS ONE
3172:Archived
2992:: 99–106
2645:Bodental
2357:Eugenite
1933:of Chile
1915:, Brazil
1853:See also
1560:Bivalves
1325:J. korni
1015:Schweina
958:eugenite
941:arsenate
881:district
853:arsenate
660:and the
642:Saalfeld
572:reptiles
550:vanadium
247:Location
241:platinum
213:Mudstone
162:Overlies
3384:Bibcode
3340:Bibcode
3275:: 51–74
3245:Bibcode
3217:3937355
3194:Bibcode
3126:Bibcode
3086:Bibcode
3055:: 15–26
2944:N., N,
2896:Bibcode
2843:Bibcode
2798:Geology
1511:Insects
1140:Fossils
1123:Wodnika
1117:Janassa
1057:Herring
970:sulfide
930:sulfate
917:is the
900:platina
888:Görlitz
835:bornite
825:Germany
774:isotope
772:oxygen
770:Apatite
764:deserts
702:of the
482:outcrop
362:Germany
350:Denmark
338:Country
305:22°36′E
302:15°18′N
266:10°00′E
263:51°00′N
195:Primary
142:Unit of
106:↓
3224:
3214:
2853:
1708:Pollen
1146:Notes
1076:Saxony
1063:, the
1033:quartz
947:Poland
927:cobalt
915:Hessen
911:Bieber
858:, and
849:nickel
812:, and
792:Mining
752:Pangea
558:silver
539:anoxic
462:German
421:Extent
410:Russia
407:
398:Poland
395:
383:
371:
359:
347:
330:Region
233:silver
221:copper
136:Member
3160:PeerJ
3155:(PDF)
2980:(PDF)
2951:(PDF)
2927:(PDF)
2882:(PDF)
2608:Lonau
1811:Rhoen
1143:Image
1137:Group
1072:]
1048:]
523:marls
472:) or
209:Other
3222:PMID
2931:USGS
2786:.org
2743:.org
2727:.org
2702:.org
2686:.org
2670:.org
2651:.org
2635:.org
2614:.org
2589:.org
2573:.org
2557:.org
2541:.org
2456:.org
2140:.org
2112:.org
1232:Fish
1120:and
964:and
962:lead
936:, a
925:, a
904:gold
886:and
622:and
598:and
556:and
554:lead
546:zinc
529:and
464:for
456:The
237:gold
229:lead
225:zinc
203:marl
172:Area
132:Type
45:Preęž’
3392:doi
3348:doi
3300:doi
3253:doi
3212:PMC
3202:doi
3134:doi
3094:doi
3019:doi
2904:doi
2861:doi
2782:at
2739:at
2723:at
2698:at
2682:at
2666:at
2647:at
2631:at
2610:at
2585:at
2569:at
2553:at
2537:at
2491:at
2452:at
2404:at
2389:at
2374:at
2359:at
2344:at
2329:at
2314:at
2299:at
2261:at
2246:at
2231:at
2216:at
2136:at
2108:at
1985:at
1967:at
1027:in
1023:is
898:of
896:ppm
715:TOC
706:of
3441::
3390:,
3380:45
3378:,
3372:,
3346:,
3336:67
3334:,
3328:,
3296:39
3294:,
3288:,
3273:73
3271:,
3251:,
3239:,
3220:,
3210:,
3200:,
3188:,
3157:,
3132:,
3122:89
3120:,
3114:,
3092:,
3082:49
3080:,
3074:,
3053:24
3051:,
3047:,
3015:88
3013:,
3007:,
2990:85
2988:,
2982:,
2953:,
2929:,
2902:,
2892:45
2890:,
2884:,
2859:,
2849:,
2839:81
2837:,
2831:,
2814:16
2812:,
2808:,
2656:^
2619:^
2517:^
2433:^
2412:^
2184:^
2172:^
2126:^
2064:^
2034:^
2007:^
1993:^
1975:^
1957:^
1777:,
1771:,
1765:,
1759:,
1753:,
1747:,
1741:,
1735:,
1729:,
1723:,
1717:,
1693:,
1687:,
1681:,
1675:,
1669:,
1663:,
1657:,
1359:,
1322:,
1126:.
1108:,
1102:,
1096:,
1090:,
1084:,
1070:de
1046:de
980:.
913:,
906:.
808:,
788:.
710:.
644:,
628:.
616:,
610:,
592:,
560:.
552:,
548:,
525:,
518:,
511:.
492:.
239:,
235:,
231:,
227:,
223:,
219:,
215:,
201:,
95:Pg
39:Ma
30::
3394::
3386::
3350::
3342::
3302::
3255::
3247::
3241:9
3204::
3196::
3190:9
3136::
3128::
3096::
3088::
3068:"
3021::
2906::
2898::
2863::
2845::
851:-
460:(
416:)
412:(
100:N
90:K
85:J
80:T
75:P
70:C
65:D
60:S
55:O
50:ęž’
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
