Alexei Kosygin - Knowledge

1379: 83: 6513: 1480: 1934: 926: 1784:". Housing construction declined between 1960 and 1964 to an average of 1.63 million square metres. Following this sudden decrease, housing construction increased sharply between 1965 and 1966, but dropped again, and then steadily grew (the average annual growth rate was 4.26 million square metres). This came largely at the expense of businesses. While the housing shortage was never fully resolved, and still remains a problem in present-day Russia, the reform overcame the negative trend and renewed the growth of housing construction. 630: 625: 1777:

rubles, 1.8 times higher than in the first period and 1.2 times higher than the third period (1981–1985). Consumption of goods and daily demand also increased. The consumption of home appliances greatly increased. Refrigerators increased from a low of 109,000 in 1964 to 440,000 units by 1973; consumption declined during the reversal of the reform. Car production increased, and would continue to do so until the late 1980s. The Soviet leadership, under pressure, sought to provide more attractive goods for Soviet consumers.

6425: 1855: 1422: 1224: 1883:"pointed even more clearly to the end of struggle" between Brezhnev and Kosygin. Kosygin was further pushed aside when Brezhnev published his memoirs, which stated that Brezhnev, not Kosygin, was in charge of all major economic decisions. To make matters worse for Kosygin, Brezhnev blocked any future talks on economic reform within the party and government apparatus, and information regarding the reform of 1965 was suppressed. 1915:, had to act on his behalf. Kosygin suffered his first heart attack in 1976. After this incident, it is said that Kosygin changed from having a vibrant personality to being tired and fed up; he, according to people close to him, seemed to have lost the will to continue his work. He twice filed a letter of resignation between 1976 and 1980, but was turned down on both occasions. During Kosygin's sick leave, Brezhnev appointed 4541: 1086: 1370:(1971–1975). The delay in resolving these issues led to rumors circulating in Soviet society that Kosygin, or even Brezhnev, would lose their posts to Podgorny. By March 1971, it became apparent that Brezhnev was the leader of the country, with Kosygin as the spokesman of the five-year plan and Podgorny's position within the collective leadership strengthened. 1764:, and cooperatives were keys to catching up to the First World's contemporary level of economic growth. His reform sought a gradual change from a "state-administered economy" to an economy in which "the state restricts itself to guiding enterprises". The reform was implemented, but showed several malfunctions and inconsistencies early on. 1672:(1971–1975) had been postponed by Brezhnev due to a power struggle within the Soviet leadership. At the 23rd Party Congress Kosygin promised that the Ninth Five-Year Plan would increase the supply of food, clothing and other household appliances up to 50 percent. The plan envisaged a massive increase in the Soviet 1977:

official, Kosygin is described as "a lonely and somewhat tragic figure" who "understood our faults and shortcomings of our situation in general and those in our Middle East policy in particular, but, being a highly restrained man, he preferred to be cautious." An anonymous former co-worker of Kosygin

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strengthened Podgorny's control of the Council of Ministers, by giving the post of head of state some executive powers. In fact, because of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, the Council of Ministers became subordinate to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. When Podgorny was replaced as head of state in

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during the Tenth Five-Year Plan. As a result, the total volume of consumer goods in industrial production only stood at 26 percent. Kosygin's son-in-law notes that Kosygin was furious with the decision, and proclaimed increased defence expenditure would become the Soviet Union's "complete ruin". The

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In September 1953, six months after Stalin's death, Kosygin was appointed USSR Minister for Industrial Goods, and in December he was reinstated as a Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, under Malenkov, Stalin's immediate successor, but lost that position in December 1956, during Khrushchev's

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officer, of the accusations leveled against Voznesensky because of his possession of firearms. Gvishiani and Kosygin threw all their weapons into a lake and searched both their own houses for any listening devices. They found one at Kosygin's house, but it might have been installed to spy on Marshal

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Growing hostility towards reform, the initial poor results, and Kosygin's reformist stance, led to a popular backlash against him. Kosygin lost most of the privileges he had enjoyed before the reform, but Brezhnev was never able to remove him from the office of Chairman of the Council of Ministers,

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and the Eighth Five-Year Plan. The first period, 1960–1964, was characterized by low growth, while the second period, 1965–1981, had a stronger growth rate. The second period vividly demonstrated the success of the Kosygin reform, with the average annual growth in retail turnover being 11.2 billion

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Beria and Malenkov were doing everything they could to wreck this troika of Kuznetsov, Voznesensky and Kosygin ... Many people perished in Leningrad. So did many people who had been transferred from Leningrad to work in other regions. As for Kosygin, his life was hanging by a thread ... Men who had

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Early during Kosygin's tenure, the Brezhnev–Kosygin attempt to create stability was failing on various fronts. From 1969 to 1970, discontent within the Soviet leadership had grown to such an extent that some started to doubt both former and current Soviet policies. Examples include the handling of

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As deputy chairman of the Council of Evacuation, he had the task of evacuating industry from territories about to be overrun by the Axis. Under his command 1523 factories were evacuated eastwards, as well as huge volumes of raw materials, ready-made goods and equipment. Kosygin managed clearing of

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During the initial years following Khrushchev's ouster, Kosygin initially emerged as the leading figure in Soviet politics. In addition to managing the Soviet Union's economy, he assumed a preeminent role in its foreign policy by leading arms control talks with the US and overseeing relations with

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in 1968 sparked a severe backlash against his policies, enabling Leonid Brezhnev to decisively eclipse him as the dominant force within the Politburo. While he and Brezhnev disliked one another, he remained in office until being forced to retire on 23 October 1980, due to bad health. He died two

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Kosygin was hospitalized in October 1980; during his stay he wrote a brief letter of resignation; the following day he was deprived of all government protection, communication, and luxury goods he had earned during his political life. When Kosygin died on 18 December 1980 in Moscow, none of his

1730:. The reform had been proposed to Khrushchev in 1964, who evidently liked it and took some preliminary steps to implement it. Brezhnev allowed the reform to proceed because the Soviet economy was entering a period of low growth. In its testing phase, the reform was applied to 336 enterprises in 1749: 2071:

author Ilya Zemtsov describes Kosygin as "determined and intelligent, an outstanding administrator" and claims he distinguished himself from the other members of the Soviet leadership with his "extraordinary capacity for work". Historians Moshe Lewin and Gregory Elliott, the authors of

1135:, a close observer who was based in Moscow at the time, concluded that "Kosygin did not owe anything to Khrushchev" and that out of the post-1957 leadership "was visibly the least willing to praise the First Secretary", and that Khrushchev was "somewhat reluctant" to promote Kosygin. 1182:, who would be present in the Kremlin to greet visiting leaders of East European communist parties, implying, but in November 1962, after Khrushchev complained about the management of Gosplan, and opposed Kosygin's plans for economic reform, he was removed from the inner leadership. 1874:

in 1971 which for the first time publicized the formula 'the Politburo led by Brezhnev'". Along with weakening Kosygin's position, Brezhnev moved to strengthen the Party's hold on the Government apparatus, weakening Kosygin's position further. Historian Robert Wesson, the author of

2112:, as it evolved under Stalin, to become a radical economic reformer". However, Brown does believe that Kosygin was "an able administrator". Gvishiani, a Russian historian, concluded that "Kosygin survived both Stalin and Khrushchev, but did not manage to survive Brezhnev." 1636:

would strain the USSR's foreign relations with the First World according to Kosygin, most notably West Germany. However, in a closed meeting, without Kosygin, who strongly opposed any kind of military intervention, the Politburo unanimously supported a Soviet intervention.

8156: 1118:, who had lived there before him. According to his memoirs, Kosygin never left his home without reminding his wife what to do if he did not return from work. After living two years in constant fear, the family reached the conclusion that Stalin would not harm them. 2115:

Kosygin was viewed with sympathy by the Soviet people, and is still presently viewed as an important figure in both Russian and Soviet history. Because of Kosygin's popularity among the Soviet people, Brezhnev developed a "strong jealousy" for Kosygin, according to

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said "He always had an opinion of his own, and defended it. He was a very alert man, and performed brilliantly during negotiations. He was able to cope quickly with the material that was totally new to him. I have never seen people of that calibre afterwards."

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1977 by Brezhnev, Kosygin's role in day-to-day management of government activities was lessened drastically, through Brezhnev's new-found post. Rumours started circulating within the top circles, and on the streets, that Kosygin would retire due to bad health.

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despite his weakened position. In the aftermath of his failed reform, Kosygin spent the rest of his life improving the economic administration through the modification of targets; he implemented various programmes to improve food security and ensure the future

1544:. The Soviet leadership approved both countries' respective economic experiments, since it was trying to reduce its large Eastern Bloc subsidy programme in the form of cheap oil and gas exports. During the discussions within the Soviet leadership of a possible 1326:, Kosygin's position was weakened when Brezhnev's supporters were able to increase expenditure on defense and agriculture. However, Brezhnev did not have a majority in the Politburo, and could count on only four votes. In the Politburo, Kosygin could count on 1837:

in a joint decision of the Central Committee and the Council of Ministers. The "Improving planning and reinforcing the effects of the economic mechanism on raising the effectiveness in production and improving the quality of work", more commonly known as the

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He headed the foodstuff relief missions to the most suffering regions. He was appointed USSR Minister for Finance in February 1948, and a full member of the Politburo on 4 September 1948, putting him among the dozen or so most ranking officials in the USSR.

8111: 1330:'s vote, and when Kosygin and Podgorny were not bickering with each other, they actually had a majority in the Politburo over Brezhnev. Unfortunately for Kosygin this was not often the case, and Kosygin and Podgorny were constantly disagreeing on policy. 8126: 8121: 8116: 1452:, Johnson and Kosygin failed to reach agreement on limiting anti-ballistic missile systems, but the summit's friendly and even open atmosphere was referred to as the "Spirit of Glassboro". Relations between the two countries improved further when the 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 1924:

plenum in June 1980, the Soviet economic development plan was outlined by Tikhonov, not Kosygin. The powers of the Premier diminished to the point where Kosygin was forced to discuss all decisions made by the Council of Ministers with Brezhnev.

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across the Lake Ladoga. This allowed to evacuate some half-million people from the besieged and starving city, and to supply fuel to its factories and power plants. He was also responsible for the procurement of locally available firewood.

1299:, criticized the work of the Council of Ministers, and indirectly Kosygin, its chairman, for planning the economy in an unrealistic fashion, and used the highly aggressive rhetoric previously used to condemn Khrushchev against Kosygin. 1842:. The reform, in contrast to the 1965 reform, was intended to increase the central government's economic involvement by enhancing the duties and responsibilities of the ministries. Due to Kosygin's resignation in 1980, and because of 4856: 1949:(1981–1985), saying that the sitting leadership was reluctant to reform the stagnant Soviet economy. His funeral was postponed for three days, as Kosygin died on the eve of Brezhnev's birthday, and the day of Stalin's. Kosygin was 1797:. There is no proof to back up the claim that the reform itself contributed to the high growth seen in the late-1960s, or that its cancellation had anything to do with the stagnating growth of the economy which began in the 1970s. 1105:

been arrested and condemned in Leningrad made ridiculous accusations against him ... I simply can't explain how he was saved from being eliminated along with the others. Kosygin, as they say, must have drawn a lucky lottery ticket.

1601:. Kosygin said, in a close-knit circle, that "We are communists and they are communists. It is hard to believe we will not be able to reach an agreement if we met face to face". His view on China changed however, and according to 1138:

However, despite Khrushchev's reluctance, Kosygin's career made a steady recovery. In June 1957, he was again appointed a Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers (for the third time), and a candidate member of the Presidium

4833: 4810: 4787: 1586:. Kosygin became the chief spokesman on the issue of arms control. In retrospect, many of Kosygin's colleagues felt he carried out his work "stoically", but lacked "enthusiasm", and therefore never developed a real taste for 2076:, describe him as a "phenomenal administrator". "His strength", David Law writes, was "his exceptional capability as an administrator". According to Law Kosygin proved himself to be a "competent politician" also. Historians 7927: 6125: 1919:

to the post of First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers. Tikhonov, as with Brezhnev, was a conservative, and through his post as First Deputy chairman Tikhonov was able to reduce Kosygin to a standby role. At a

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on the limitation of strategic missiles. Two summit conferences between the US and the USSR were held: the Warsaw Pact Summit Conference and the Moscow Summit Conference; both failed to gain support for Soviet policies.

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Gold Medal. On 20 February 1974, to commemorate his 70th birthday, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet awarded him another Order of Lenin and his second Hammer and Sickle Gold Medal. In total, Kosygin was awarded six

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Brezhnev's consolidation of power weakened Kosygin's influence and prestige within the Politburo. Kosygin's position was gradually weakened during the 1970s and he was frequently hospitalized. On several occasions

8106: 1082:, Voznesensky, Kuznetsov and many others were arrested and shot. Kosygin was relegated to the post of USSR Minister for Light Industry, while nominally retaining his membership of the Politburo until 1952. 453: 409: 7920: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 1174:, Kosygin was the Soviet spokesman for improved relations between the Soviet Union and the United States. According to Michel Tatu, in 1960–62, Kosygin was one of the 'big four', with Khrushchev, 1823:

and giving more powers to the regional authorities in republican and local-levels. The reform's failure to meet Kosygin's goal led to its cancellation. However, the reform succeeded in creating

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would receive a share investment of 34 percent, a share much larger than its proportional contribution to the Soviet economy, as it accounted for only 3 percent of the Soviet GDP.

1741:. Kosygin overestimated the ability of the Soviet administrative machine to develop the economy, which led to "corrections" to some of Liberman's more controversial beliefs about 6413: 1996:

said that Kosygin was devoted, nearly fanatically, to his work. Kosygin was viewed by Western diplomats as a pragmatist "with a glacial exterior who was orthodox if not rigid".

4684: 1003: 6501: 5976: 5490: 1632:-like repressionist behaviour. He promised to send more economic and military aid, but rejected any proposal regarding a possible Soviet intervention, as an intervention in 1287:, Brezhnev called for the strengthening of the Party apparatus. This speech was only the beginning of a large campaign directed against Kosygin. Several newspapers, such as 1131:' came to a head in 1957, Kosygin backed Khrushchev because, as he said later, if Malenkov and his allies had won "blood would have flowed again", but the French journalist 921: 7936: 5500: 4879: 1921: 1391: 1246: 1140: 948: 802: 439: 387: 1597:

chagrined Kosygin a great deal, and for a while he refused to accept its irrevocability; he briefly visited Beijing in 1969 due to increased tension between the USSR and

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The salary for Soviet citizens increased abruptly by almost 2.5 times during the plan. Real wages in 1980 amounted to 232.7 rubles, compared to 166.3 rubles before the

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widely referred to as the "Kosygin reform". Kosygin sought to make Soviet industry more efficient by including some market measures common in the First World such as

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Kosygin's administrative skills led Stalin to take the younger man under his wing. Stalin shared information with Kosygin, such as how much money the families of

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and Stephen White claim that Brezhnev was unable to remove Kosygin because his removal would mean the loss of his last "capable administrator". In their book,

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By the early to mid-1970s Brezhnev had established a strong enough power base to effectively become leader. According to historian Ilya Zemtsov, the author of

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We should tell Taraki and Amin to change their tactics. They still continue to execute those people who disagree with them. They are killing nearly all of the

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Compared to other Soviet officials, Kosygin stood out as a pragmatic and relatively independent leader. In a description given by an anonymous high-ranking

1660:(1966–1970) is considered to be one of the most successful periods for the Soviet economy and the most successful when it comes to consumer production (see 931:; he graduated in 1935. After finishing his studies, Kosygin worked as a foreman and later a manager in a textile mill director. He rose rapidly during the 6564: 1378: 1144: 1019: 779: 1688:

plan was less ambitious than its predecessors, with targets of national industrial growth no higher than what the rest of the world had already achieved.

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in 1987 referred to the "sad experiences of the 1965 reform", and claimed that everything went from bad to worse following the reform's cancellation.

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ascendancy, when he was appointed Deputy Chairman of the State Economic Commission. When the power struggle between Khrushchev and the so-called '

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working-class family consisting of his father and mother (Nikolai Ilyich and Matrona Alexandrovna) and his siblings. The family lived in

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Politburo colleagues, former aides, or security guards visited him. At the end of his life, Kosygin feared the complete failure of the

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possessed, spent and paid their staff. (A Politburo member earned a modest salary by Soviet standards but enjoyed unlimited access to

8226: 4955: 4759: 1974: 1552:. Kosygin's stance became more aggressive later on when he understood that the reforms in Czechoslovakia could be turned against his 806: 775: 2294:

The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History : A Political, Social, and Military History

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as an industrial manager. Kosygin returned to Leningrad in the early 1930s and worked his way up the Soviet hierarchy. During the

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The U.S. Government and the Vietnam War: Executive and Legislative Roles and Relationships, Part IV: July 1965 – January 1968

3798: 3649: 3616: 2329: 2125: 3030: 1151:, and on 4 May 1960, he was promoted First deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and a full member of the Presidium. 7905: 6599: 6375: 5508: 2219: 2054: 1657: 1606: 1448:, the President of the United States, following his speech to the United Nations. At the summit, which became known as the 8196: 6592: 5518: 5513: 5360: 4736: 2129: 1912: 1680: 1669: 1651: 1367: 1078:, the party secretary with oversight over the security, and Kosygin. During the brutal purge that followed, known as the 999: 917: 586: 450: 406: 7632: 7369: 7191: 7028: 6830: 6612: 3031:"Pääministeri Aleksei Kosygin oli suomalaisille tutuin neuvostojohtaja – Moskova kielsi Kekkoselta viimeisen tapaamisen" 1314:. Kosygin's support for producing more consumer goods was also criticized by Brezhnev, and his supporters, most notably 739:

from 1964 to 1980 and was one of the most influential Soviet policymakers in the mid-1960s along with General Secretary

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persuaded Stalin to let them remove members of the decapitated Zhdanov faction, of whom the three most prominent were

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remembered Kosygin as "very quiet-spoken, but very determined, mind of great ability and application". US economist

1683:(1976–1981) was referred to by Kosygin as the "plan of quality". Brezhnev rejected Kosygin's bid for producing more 1440:

in the Middle East had the effect of increasing Soviet–American cooperation; to improve relations even further, the

2373: 1990: 1676:, with Kosygin proclaiming a growth of 40 percent for the population's cash income in his speech to the congress. 5442: 4545: 3906:

A 'special relationship'?: Harold Wilson, Lyndon B. Johnson and Anglo-American relations 'at the summit', 1964–68

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in 1921, Kosygin attended the Leningrad Co-operative Technical School and found work in the system of consumer

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one year before his own death in 1953, intentionally weakening Kosygin's position within the Soviet hierarchy.

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personally advised him to quit, shortly before the repressions hit the Soviet consumer co-operation movement.

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Brezhnev consolidated his own position over the Government Apparatus by strengthening Podgorny's position as

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During his lifetime, Kosygin received seven Orders and two Awards from the Soviet state. He was awarded two

8241: 7475: 5113: 5040: 5035: 4923: 1761: 1549: 1023: 972: 895:. When asked why he worked in the co-operative sector of the economy, Kosygin replied, quoting a slogan of 759: 2589: 2260: 860:(7 March 1904) one month after his birth. He lost his mother in infancy and was brought up by his father. 7951: 7576: 6143: 5569: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5093: 4995: 4960: 4569: 3909: 3840: 2137: 2105: 2034: 1839: 1816: 1810: 1806: 1773: 1711: 1701: 1553: 1476:, presenting his views on US-Soviet relations, environmental protection, arms control and other issues. 1449: 1430: 736: 98: 1398:, as was common in non-communist countries. This was actually implemented for a short period, which led 6001: 5956: 4713: 4364: 4118: 4092: 1403: 1827:, an organization representing various enterprises. The last significant reform undertaken by the pre- 82: 8236: 8206: 5070: 2132:, recalled that Kosygin refused to go drinking with Brezhnev, a move which annoyed Brezhnev gravely. 2053:, Kosygin attempted to revitalize the ailing economic system by decentralising management. Following 1950: 3585: 2481: 1985:

said Kosygin was like "Khrushchev without the rough edges, a fatherly man who was the forerunner of

1529: 1261:. Overall, the new Politburo adopted a more conservative outlook than that under Khrushchev's rule. 785:

Stalin died in 1953, and on 20 March 1959, Kosygin was appointed to the position of chairman of the

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Members of the Central Committee of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

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with moving Soviet industry out of territories soon to be overrun by the German Army. He served as

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As First Deputy Premier Kosygin travelled abroad, mostly on trade missions, to countries such as

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Members of the Central Committee of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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Members of the Central Committee of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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Members of the Central Committee of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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Members of the Central Committee of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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Members of the Central Committee of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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Members of the Central Committee of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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The Foundations of Ostpolitik: The Making of the Moscow Treaty between West Germany and the USSR

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after Brezhnev consolidated his position within the Politburo, but also due to Foreign Minister

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to represent the country abroad, a function Kosygin believed should fall into the hands of the

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Kosygin's patron, Zhdanov, died suddenly in August 1948. Soon afterwards, Zhdanov's old rivals

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Candidates of the Politburo of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

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Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Leningrad City Soviets of Working People's Deputies

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in 1904 to a Russian working-class family. He was conscripted into the labour army during the

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When Khrushchev was removed from power in October 1964, Kosygin replaced him as Premier in a

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described Kosygin as a talented manager doing miracles in ruling the clumsy Soviet economy.

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Candidates of the Presidium of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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Candidates of the Presidium of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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Members of the Politburo of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

8096: 8091: 7556: 7515: 6799: 6738: 6262: 5796: 5394: 5181: 5108: 5050: 5025: 2206: 1846:'s conservative approach to economics, very little of the reform was actually implemented. 1583: 1484: 1453: 1315: 1284: 1171: 4182:

The Soviet Elite from Lenin to Gorbachev: The Central Committee and Its Members, 1917–1991

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Interview with Kosygin: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate

1894:, literally head of state, by giving the office some of the functions of the Premier. The 1859: 1170:. Since 1959 Kosygin headed Soviet mission to the ComEcon. Later, in the aftermath of the 8: 8042: 8006: 7733: 7723: 7662: 7561: 7505: 7500: 7399: 7257: 7221: 7058: 7007: 6860: 6809: 6789: 6642: 6295: 6284: 6226: 6169: 6011: 5966: 5932: 5682: 5326: 5316: 4300: 2093: 1621: 1063: 8152:

Members of the Politburo of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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Members of the Politburo of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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Members of the Politburo of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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Members of the Presidium of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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Members of the Presidium of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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In 1972, Kosygin signed a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with the government of

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was a building completed in 1931 to house the government elite; Kosygin lived there.

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to have been too "modest", and claimed that Kosygin "was too much a product of the

2004:, believed Kosygin to be "the most intelligent and toughest man in the Politburo". 2001: 1916: 1843: 1794: 1742: 1306:, who - Brezhnev claimed - had been more interested in improving the conditions of 1250: 1128: 1079: 1075: 1039: 899:: "Co-operation – the path to socialism!" Kosygin stayed there for six years until 853: 820: 747: 719: 515: 379: 199: 162: 157: 123: 6069: 2722:

Postwar Soviet Politics, The Fall of Zhdanov and the Defeat of Moderation, 1946-53

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in the 1970s with Leonid Brezhnev and Andrei Gromyko, all three were awarded the

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was named in his honour in 1981, in 1982 a bust to honour Kosygin was placed in

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rising considerably due to his moderately reformist policy. Kosygin's moderate

1982: 1953:

as an individual who "laboured selflessly for the good of the Soviet state". A

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The Penguin History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-first Century

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Kosygin reminded leaders of the consequences of the Soviet suppression of the

778:(later, Minister of Light Industry and Food). Stalin removed Kosygin from the 8085: 7986: 7864: 7854: 7829: 7773: 7551: 7485: 7348: 7297: 7180: 7119: 6977: 6951: 6941: 6764: 6658: 6534: 6475: 6465: 6344: 6333: 6271: 6163: 6016: 6006: 5996: 5991: 5778: 5772: 5730: 5601: 5389: 5311: 5166: 5161: 4970: 4673: 4663: 4646: 4618: 4394:. Vol. 23. New Delhi: R.N. Guha Thakurta for Contemporary Journals Ltd. 4323: 3659: 3626: 2992: 2077: 2058: 1958: 1954: 1904: 1854: 1781: 1602: 1533: 1495: 1461: 1362:

By 1970, these differences had not been resolved, and Brezhnev postponed the

1335: 1327: 1115: 1046:.) Stalin sent Kosygin to each home to put their houses into "proper order". 884: 836: 728: 566: 367: 355: 311: 2461: 7839: 6512: 6485: 6424: 6278: 6241: 6138: 6044: 6026: 6021: 5657: 5589: 4464: 4399: 3931: 3927: 3758: 3737: 2085: 2009: 1465: 1457: 1411: 1010:. In 1944 he was appointed to head the Currency Board of the Soviet Union. 991: 976: 900: 763: 545: 4510:

A Failed Empire: the Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev

2560: 2322:

A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev

2029:

Kosygin would prove to be a very competent administrator, with the Soviet

983:

congestions on the railroads in order to maintain their stable operation.

7869: 7495: 7247: 6460: 6211: 6101: 5808: 5736: 5369: 4965: 4590: 4485:

Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika

4346: 4208: 4066: 4043: 3790: 3380:[A reformer before Yegor Gaidar? Kosygin died for 30 years ago]. 2594:[Alex Gvishiani: "Do not feel sorry for Kosygin!"] (in Russian). 2265:[Alex Gvishiani: "Do not feel sorry for Kosygin!"] (in Russian). 2182: 2069:

Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika

1868:

Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika

1829: 1727: 1723: 1718:

for instance; he also tried to increase quantity of production, increase

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Heads of government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

6247: 4168: 3500:[The Healthy Glow of Organisation] (in Russian). pseudology.org 2671: 2669: 2667: 1719: 868: 44: 5000: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 1491:

Kosygin developed a close friendly relationship with the President of

1487:

signing the Iraqi–Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Co-Operation in 1972

4514: 3960:

A Documentary history of Communism in Russia: from Lenin to Gorbachev

3302:[Analysis of the dynamics of living standards] (in Russian). 2202: 2005: 1629: 1295: 1277: 1223: 1163: 872: 673: 4908: 4248:

The Roots of Perestroika: The Soviet Breakdown in Historical Context

4039:

The Soviet Regional Dilemma: Planning, People, and Natural Resources

2664: 2324:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 194. 1748: 2428: 1579: 1499: 880: 857: 849: 732: 683: 655: 576: 3556: 3167:Прямые инвестиции / № 9 (89) 2009. А. Милюков. О причинах кризиса. 2628:"The Soviet statesman who had the talent to be boss of Ford or GM" 1532:, who was removed from all of his posts in 1970, was succeeded by 3746:[Kosygin, Alexei Nikolayevich] (in Russian). warheroes.ru 3097: 1610: 1561: 1492: 1148: 1067: 892: 786: 755: 278: 52: 4389: 4320:

Before the Fall: An Inside View of the Pre-Watergate White House

2501: 2049:

was content to maintain the centralized structure of the Soviet

1564:

leaders, not only the highest rank, but of the middle rank, too.

1418:'s dislike of Kosygin meddling into his own ministerial affairs. 935:, overseen in Leningrad by the provincial communist party boss, 754:, and after the Red Army's demobilization in 1921, he worked in 4540: 3705: 3703: 2595: 2441: 2266: 1957:

was conducted and Kosygin was honoured by his peers; Brezhnev,

1390:

Early on in his tenure, Kosygin challenged Brezhnev's right as

1302:

Brezhnev was able to criticize Kosygin by contrasting him with

1289: 537: 3333:[Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin] (in Russian). peoples.ru 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 1616:

During an official visit by an Afghan delegation, Kosygin and

4138:

Out of Afghanistan: the Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal

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Kosygin (right) shaking hands with Romanian communist leader

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18th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

3700: 3357: 1780:

The removal of Khrushchev in 1964 signalled the end of his "

1752:

A propaganda poster promoting the reform. The poster reads:

1085: 943:, i.e. 'mayor' of Leningrad City. In 1939, he was appointed 5465: 5088: 4296:

The Myth of the Plan: Lessons of Soviet Planning Experience

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The reform was influenced by the works of Soviet economist

1710:

within a socialist framework. In 1965 Kosygin initiated an

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from intervention by the Soviet leadership. Polish leader

990:

he was sent to his hometown to manage the construction of

920:

in 1927 and returned to Leningrad in 1930 to study at the

7664:

19th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

7401:

20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

7223:

22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

7060:

23rd Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

6862:

24th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

6644:

25th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

3640:

Rockefeller, David, 1915–2017; Рокфеллер, Дэвид. (2014).

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called Kosygin an "outstanding organizer", and the "new

1456:

was signed on 12 August 1970 by Kosygin and Gromyko and

1227:

Kosygin at the Glassboro Summit Conference, 23 June 1967

835:

Western countries in general. However, the onset of the

831:, that governed the Soviet Union in Khrushchev's place. 3049: 2922: 2817: 1961:, and Tikhonov laid an urn containing his ashes at the 4900: 4343:

Modern Afghanistan: a History of Struggle and Survival

4202: 3472: 3425: 3396: 3251: 3241: 3239: 3195: 3183: 3085: 3073: 3061: 2898: 2886: 2829: 2675: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 1524:'s economic reforms and his position as leader of the 1406:. Kosygin, who had been the chief negotiator with the 8222:

People's commissars and ministers of the Soviet Union

3835:

Pirouette: Pierre Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy

3544: 3413: 3266: 3219: 3171: 3124: 2949: 2910: 2874: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2790: 2528: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 3715: 3207: 3148: 2841: 2555:[Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin] (in Russian). 2387: 2385: 1722:

for managers and workers, and freeing managers from

1410:

during the 1960s, was hardly to be seen outside the

727:

8 February] 1904 – 18 December 1980) was a

3830: 3562: 3236: 2982:"Alexei Kosygin has a friend at Chase Manhattan..." 2338: 1661: 1342:(which Kosygin initially resisted), the decline in 1218: 971:to manage critically important missions during the 5905:. Questionable heads of government are written in 3832: 3299:Анализ динамики показателей уровня жизни населения 2853: 2507: 2061:'s path of discipline and control and Gorbachev's 1109:Kosygin told his son-in-law Mikhail Gvishiani, an 947:for Textile and Industry and earned a seat on the 5888: 2698: 2696: 2403: 2382: 2234: 2160:in 1964, on this occasion he was also awarded an 1695: 8083: 5568: 4442:Power in the Kremlin: from Khrushchev to Kosygin 4135: 3322: 3320: 3103: 2140:of the Council of Ministers, in a speech to the 2045:, radicalized the Soviet reform movement. While 3375: 2625: 2545: 2543: 2288:Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla (2008). 2057:in 1982, the reform movement was split between 1513:and previous close relations with Iraqi leader 805:, respectively. Thereafter, as a member of the 4272:This Time We Win: Revisiting the Tet Offensive 2693: 2626:RBTH; Timofeychev, Alexey (24 November 2016). 1879:, notes that Kosygin's economic report to the 1268:were the most reformist members, Brezhnev and 720:[ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejnʲɪkɐˈla(j)ɪvʲɪtɕkɐˈsɨɡʲɪn] 30:"Kosygin" redirects here. For other uses, see 8232:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Sun of Peru 7921: 7648: 7385: 7207: 7044: 6846: 6628: 6407: 5874: 5554: 4924: 4175: 3709: 3584:. 29 December 1980. p. 2. Archived from 3528:. 29 December 1980. p. 1. Archived from 3317: 2776:. London: Simon & Schuster. p. 324. 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2287: 1849: 1787: 1706:Like Khrushchev, Kosygin tried to reform the 709: 6594:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 4136:Harrison, Selig S.; Cordovez, Diego (1995). 4060: 3732: 3730: 3606: 3284: 2759: 2687: 2658: 2591:Алексей Гвишиани: "Не надо жалеть Косыгина!" 2540: 2262:Алексей Гвишиани: "Не надо жалеть Косыгина!" 2205:, present day Saint Petersburg. In 2006 the 1664:). It became known as the "golden era". The 1283:In October 1964, at a ceremony in honour of 879:of 1917–1922. After demobilization from the 797:was removed from power in 1964, Kosygin and 4035: 3831:Bothwell, Robert; Granatstein J.L. (1991). 3807: 3676:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3493: 3363: 3351: 3326: 2621: 2619: 2617: 1536:who tried to revitalize the economy of the 433:4 September 1948 – 16 October 1952 7928: 7914: 7655: 7641: 7392: 7378: 7214: 7200: 7051: 7037: 6853: 6839: 6635: 6621: 6414: 6400: 5881: 5867: 5561: 5547: 5066:Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev 4931: 4917: 4012: 3680:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3672:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2967: 2744: 2575: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 1582:in 1966, and got both nations to sign the 1147:). In March 1959, he was made Chairman of 488:18 March 1946 – 4 September 1948 111:15 October 1964 – 23 October 1980 81: 4425:. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). Routledge. 4390:Society for Contemporary Studies (1979). 4203:Medvedev, Zhores; Medvedvev, Roy (2006). 3727: 2024: 1870:, Kosygin "began to lose power" with the 1472:to the American delegation that included 1018:Kosygin became a candidate member of the 8212:Ministers of finance of the Soviet Union 6431:Ministers of Finance of the Soviet Union 4420: 3926: 3736: 3442: 3440: 3055: 2931: 2808: 2614: 2442:Andrii︠a︡nov, Viktor Ivanovich. (2003). 2363: 2310: 2156:; one being on his 60th birthday by the 1932: 1853: 1800: 1760:Kosygin believed that decentralization, 1747: 1569:Kosygin speaking at a Politburo session. 1509:, building on strong Soviet ties to the 1478: 1420: 1377: 1222: 1084: 207:First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union 8192:Heads of government of the Soviet Union 4481: 4363: 4292: 4269: 4109: 4061:Elliott, Gregory; Lewin, Moshe (2005). 3980: 3954: 3884: 3694: 3481: 3431: 3407: 3260: 3201: 3189: 3177: 3091: 3079: 3067: 2980:Shapiro, Harvey D. (24 February 1974). 2979: 2955: 2943: 2904: 2892: 2880: 2835: 2813:. London: Macmillan. pp. 384, 387. 2771: 2487:CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2246: 1276:retained his leadership of the party's 1272:belonged to the moderate faction while 1192:History of the Soviet Union (1964–1982) 998:In 1943 Alexey Kosygin was promoted to 863:He and his father sympathized with the 477:16 October 1952 – 5 March 1953 14: 8202:Burials at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis 8084: 4458: 4412:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4340: 4317: 4083: 3903: 3876:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3858:Central Asian Research Centre (1979). 3721: 3550: 3448:"Soviet Union: And Then There Was One" 3419: 3272: 3230: 3130: 3012: 2916: 2534: 7909: 7636: 7373: 7195: 7032: 6834: 6616: 6395: 5862: 5542: 4938: 4912: 4899: 4507:Zubok, Vladislav Martinovich (2007). 4506: 4461:Lenin's Legacy: The Story of the CPSU 4244: 3781: 3609:Lee Kuan Yew : the Crucial Years 3437: 3213: 3154: 3142: 3118: 2847: 2502:Society for Contemporary Studies 1979 2351: 2316: 1877:Lenin's Legacy: The Story of the CPSU 1819:with the intentions of weakening the 718: 422:4 May 1960 – 21 October 1980 347:23 June 1943 – 23 March 1946 219:4 May 1960 – 15 October 1964 4439: 4225: 3512: 3376:ютуба, любитель (17 December 2010). 3245: 2823: 2796: 2749:. London: Sphere. pp. 222, 225. 2724:. Ithaca: Cornell U.P. p. 129. 2719: 2404:Андриянов, Виктор (23 August 2003). 1607:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1574:Kosygin acted as a mediator between 5056:Reaction to 1980–1981 Polish crisis 4737:Minister of Light and Food Industry 4158: 3987:The End of the Communist Revolution 3887:Inside CIA: Lessons in Intelligence 3808:Bacon, Edwin; Sandle, Mark (2002). 3576:"World: Lonely Death of a Survivor" 3520:"World: Lonely Death of a Survivor" 3378:"30 лет назад умер Алексей Косыгин" 2868: 2602:from the original on 11 August 2010 2522: 2391: 2240: 2191:Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun 1754:We're forging the keys of happiness 1652:Five-year plans of the Soviet Union 918:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 916:He applied for a membership in the 587:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 291:20 March 1959 – 4 May 1960 24: 4901:Articles related to Alexei Kosygin 4093:Cambridge University Press Archive 3765:Central Asian Research Centre 1979 3019:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2703:"Suddenly Nikita's day was done". 2676:Z. Medvedev & R. Medvedev 2006 2559:. 27 November 2008. Archived from 2222:(Bangladesh Muktijuddho Sanmanona) 2212: 2142:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union 1645: 1640: 1013: 867:and Alexei was conscripted into a 840:months later on 18 December 1980. 793:of the Council of Ministers. When 466:29 June 1957 – 4 May 1960 25: 8253: 8102:Politicians from Saint Petersburg 5099:1983 false nuclear alarm incident 4857:Candidate Member of the Politburo 4811:Candidate Member of the Presidium 4533: 3611:. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish. 3456:. 3 November 1980. Archived from 2179:Order of the Red Banner of Labour 1546:Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia 1511:Iraqi Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 1444:invited Kosygin to a summit with 1373: 1340:Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia 1121: 1049: 911: 875:side at the age of 14 during the 8227:Recipients of the Order of Lenin 6511: 6423: 4539: 3866:: Central Asian Research Centre. 3787:The Rise & Fall of Communism 2220:Bangladesh Liberation War Honour 2102:The Rise & Fall of Communism 1991:United States Secretary of State 1402:to believe that Kosygin was the 1219:Struggle for power with Brezhnev 813:(also known by its Russian name 746:Kosygin was born in the city of 628: 623: 4880:Member of the Central Committee 4228:A History of Russia: Since 1855 3633: 3600: 3568: 3563:Bothwell & Granatstein 1991 3487: 3369: 3290: 3160: 3023: 3006: 2973: 2811:Power and Policy in the U.S.S.R 2802: 2765: 2738: 2713: 2557:Moscow State Textile University 2410:[The Unknown Kosygin]. 2199:Moscow State Textile University 2175:Order of the October Revolution 2158:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 2154:Hero of Socialist Labour (USSR) 2065:of all aspects of public life. 1892:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 951:(CC). In 1940 Kosygin became a 906: 829:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 809:, Kosygin formed an unofficial 8217:World War II political leaders 6126:Council of People's Commissars 4991:Brezhnev assassination attempt 4685:Council of People's Commissars 4013:Dannenberg, Julia von (2008). 3743:Косы́гин, Алексе́й Никола́евич 2709:. 23 October 1964. p. 35. 2397: 2357: 2281: 1968: 1350:(he advocated restraint), the 1318:, for being a return to quasi 1310:than improving the quality of 1185: 1004:Council of People's Commissars 957:Council of People's Commissars 597:Klavdia Andreyevna (died 1967) 13: 1: 5890:Heads of government of Russia 4981:1968 Red Square demonstration 4036:Dellenbrant, Jan Åke (1986). 2227: 2173:by the Soviet state, and one 1795:intensification of production 1386:at a visit to Cairo, May 1966 1382:Kosygin with Egypt President 967:Kosygin was appointed by the 843: 801:succeeded him as Premier and 766:), Kosygin was tasked by the 711:Алексе́й Никола́евич Косы́гин 41:Eastern Slavic naming customs 27:Soviet politician (1904–1980) 5570:Premiers of the Soviet Union 5114:1984 Summer Olympics boycott 5036:1978 Georgian demonstrations 4600:of the Council of Ministers 4572:of the Council of Ministers 4423:Encyclopedia of the Cold War 3497:Организация здорового накала 3104:Harrison & Cordovez 1995 2774:Khrushchev, The Man, His Era 2209:renamed a street after him. 1833:leadership was initiated by 1540:by borrowing money from the 7: 6376:Russian Government Cabinets 5814:Vladilen Niktin (1989–1990) 5094:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 4996:Sino-Soviet border conflict 4961:Glassboro Summit Conference 3910:Manchester University Press 3841:University of Toronto Press 3037:(in Finnish). 23 April 2017 2745:Khrushchev, Nikita (1971). 2106:1965 Soviet economic reform 1811:1979 Soviet economic reform 1807:1973 Soviet economic reform 1774:1965 Soviet economic reform 1702:1965 Soviet economic reform 1554:1965 Soviet economic reform 1538:People's Republic of Poland 1526:Hungarian People's Republic 1468:. In 1971, Kosygin gave an 1450:Glassboro Summit Conference 1431:Glassboro Summit Conference 1348:Sino–Soviet border conflict 922:Leningrad Textile Institute 774:for a year before becoming 737:Premier of the Soviet Union 706:Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin 99:Premier of the Soviet Union 10: 8258: 8197:Heroes of Socialist Labour 4976:Invasion of Czechoslovakia 4760:Minister of Light Industry 4714:Minister of Consumer Goods 4459:Wesson, Robert G. (1978). 4444:. New York: Viking Press. 4163:. New York: Ardent Media. 4119:Princeton University Press 3774: 3330:Алексей Николаевич Косыгин 2552:Алексей Николаевич Косыгин 2366:The Soviet Union 1917-1991 2195:Francisco Morales Bermúdez 2147: 1850:Later life and resignation 1835:Kosygin's fifth government 1815:Kosygin initiated another 1804: 1788:Cancellation and aftermath 1767: 1699: 1649: 1620:criticized Afghan leaders 1483:Alexei Kosygin (left) and 1425:Kosygin with US President 1404:leader of the Soviet Union 1230: 1195: 1189: 992:an ice road and a pipeline 962: 776:Minister of Light Industry 39:In this name that follows 38: 29: 8025: 7944: 7812: 7671: 7539: 7408: 7311: 7230: 7133: 7067: 6970: 6869: 6757: 6651: 6588: 6520: 6509: 6438: 6371: 6261: 6184: 6124: 6115: 6092: 6035: 5923: 5914: 5901:Acting chairmen shown in 5896: 5848:Prime Ministers of Russia 5833: 5667: 5576: 5499: 5458: 5451: 5403: 5359: 5127: 5079: 5071:Legacy of Leonid Brezhnev 4946: 4906: 4886: 4877: 4871: 4863: 4854: 4848: 4840: 4831: 4825: 4817: 4808: 4802: 4794: 4785: 4779: 4774: 4766: 4757: 4751: 4743: 4734: 4728: 4720: 4711: 4705: 4695: 4678: 4670: 4660: 4651: 4643: 4633: 4623: 4615: 4605: 4595: 4587: 4577: 4567: 4559: 4554: 3933:Saddam: His Rise and Fall 3904:Colman, Jonathan (2004). 3710:Mawdsley & White 2000 2809:Conquest, Robert (1961). 2772:Taubman, William (2005). 2364:McCauley, Martin (1993). 2269:. 9 April 2004. p. 3 2110:Soviet ministerial system 2019: 1550:1956 Hungarian revolution 819:) alongside Brezhnev and 710: 699: 689: 679: 669: 661: 651: 641: 636: 619: 611: 601: 593: 582: 572: 562: 551: 527: 513:8 February] 1904 505: 500: 496: 481: 470: 459: 437: 426: 415: 385: 373: 361: 351: 340: 329: 317: 305: 295: 284: 276: 272: 268: 261: 257: 245: 233: 223: 212: 205: 193: 181: 171: 133: 115: 104: 96: 92: 80: 71: 64: 5041:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 5031:1977 Soviet constitution 4775:Party political offices 4627:State Planning Committee 4318:Safire, William (1988). 4230:. London: Anthem Press. 3990:. Taylor & Francis. 3885:Chauhan, Sharad (2004). 3742: 3496: 3329: 3298: 3285:Elliott & Lewin 2005 2760:Elliott & Lewin 2005 2720:Hahn, Werner G. (1982). 2688:Elliott & Lewin 2005 2659:Elliott & Lewin 2005 2590: 2551: 2406: 2368:. Longman. p. 288. 2261: 1981:Canadian Prime Minister 1928: 1896:1977 Soviet Constitution 1613:and the whole of Asia". 1442:United States Government 1068:State Planning Committee 1024:Soviet famine of 1946–47 848:Kosygin was born into a 787:State Planning Committee 723:; 21 February [ 438:Candidate member of the 279:State Planning Committee 72: 32:Kosygin (disambiguation) 7885:Panteleimon Ponomarenko 7764:Panteleimon Ponomarenko 6521:Deputy heads of Finance 4834:Member of the Presidium 4788:Member of the Politburo 4421:van Dijk, Ruud (2008). 4293:Rutland, Peter (1985). 4270:Robbins, James (2010). 4253:McFarland & Company 4186:Oxford University Press 4142:Oxford University Press 4019:Oxford University Press 3982:Daniels, Robert Vincent 3956:Daniels, Robert Vincent 3352:Bacon & Sandle 2002 3304:Moscow State University 1963:Kremlin Wall Necropolis 1947:Eleventh Five-Year Plan 1938:Kremlin Wall Necropolis 1817:economic reform in 1973 1091:House on the Embankment 1066:, then Chairman of the 969:State Defence Committee 768:State Defence Committee 606:House on the Embankment 556:Kremlin Wall Necropolis 7339:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky 7166:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky 6947:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky 6734:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky 6094:Provisional Government 5925:Committee of Ministers 4490:Transaction Publishers 4482:Zemtsov, Ilya (1989). 4245:Ploss, Sidney (2010). 4159:Law, David A. (1975). 3013:Church, Frank (1971). 2025:Historical assessments 1941: 1863: 1757: 1588:international politics 1572: 1488: 1433: 1387: 1344:agriculture production 1312:light industrial goods 1264:Kosygin, Podgorny and 1253:who ultimately became 1228: 1107: 1100:wrote in his memoirs: 1094: 615:Teacher, civil servant 509:21 February [ 8053:Alexander Shcherbakov 5838:First Deputy Premiers 4956:Collective leadership 4598:First Deputy Chairman 4440:Tatu, Michel (1969). 4341:Saikal, Amin (2006). 4226:Moss, Walter (2005). 3810:Brezhnev Reconsidered 3607:Josey, Alex. (2012). 1936: 1909:First Deputy chairman 1857: 1801:1973 and 1979 reforms 1762:semi-public companies 1751: 1658:Eighth Five-Year Plan 1650:Further information: 1558: 1482: 1424: 1381: 1356:Soviet–American talks 1239:collective leadership 1233:Collective leadership 1231:Further information: 1226: 1190:Further information: 1102: 1088: 807:collective leadership 791:First Deputy chairman 731:statesman during the 662:Years of service 141:First Deputy Premiers 7557:Nuritdin Mukhitdinov 7516:Nuritdin Mukhitdinov 6800:Konstantin Chernenko 6739:Konstantin Chernenko 6381:Premiers of the USSR 6185:Council of Ministers 6037:Council of Ministers 5395:Konstantin Chernenko 5109:Uzbek cotton scandal 5051:1980 Summer Olympics 5026:1977 Moscow bombings 4548:at Wikimedia Commons 4301:Taylor & Francis 4161:Russian Civilization 4065:. London; New York: 3860:USSR and Third World 2747:Khrushchev Remembers 2130:Council of Ministers 1913:Council of Ministers 1696:The "Kosygin" reform 1681:Tenth Five-Year Plan 1670:Ninth Five-Year Plan 1662:The "Kosygin" reform 1584:Tashkent Declaration 1485:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 1368:Ninth Five-Year Plan 1316:Konstantin Chernenko 1172:Cuban Missile Crisis 1072:First Deputy Premier 1022:in 1946. During the 1006:(government) of the 263:Additional positions 8242:Chairman of Gosplan 8043:Nikolai Voznesensky 8007:Nikolai Voznesensky 7734:Vyacheslav Malyshev 7562:Yekaterina Furtseva 7506:Yekaterina Furtseva 7008:Mikhail Solomentsev 6810:Eduard Shevardnadze 6790:Mikhail Solomentsev 4654:Minister of Finance 4463:. Stanford, Calif: 3460:on 25 November 2010 3145:, pp. 352–353. 3121:, pp. 194–195. 2946:, pp. 718–719. 2826:, pp. 284–288. 2407:Неизвестный Косыгин 2318:Zubok, Vladislav M. 1951:praised by Brezhnev 1881:25th Party Congress 1872:24th Party Congress 1666:23rd Party Congress 1622:Nur Muhammad Taraki 1470:extensive interview 1364:24th Party Congress 1324:23rd Party Congress 1064:Nikolai Voznesensky 973:Great Patriotic War 772:Minister of Finance 760:Great Patriotic War 735:. He served as the 386:Full member of the 7982:Vyacheslav Molotov 7957:Kliment Voroshilov 7875:Mir Jafar Baghirov 7850:Nikolai Patolichev 7754:Vyacheslav Molotov 7714:Demyan Korotchenko 7699:Kliment Voroshilov 7587:Demyan Korotchenko 7446:Vyacheslav Molotov 7421:Kliment Voroshilov 7303:Alexander Shelepin 7171:Dinmukhamed Kunaev 7105:Alexander Shelepin 6937:Alexander Shelepin 6907:Dinmukhamed Kunaev 6699:Dinmukhamed Kunaev 6601:Russian Federation 6565:Nikolai Garetovsky 6451:Nikolai Bryukhanov 6446:Grigori Sokolnikov 6263:Russian Federation 5081:Events (1982–1985) 5016:Vladivostok Summit 4948:Events (1964–1982) 4754:Nikolai Tshesnokov 4555:Political offices 4205:The Unknown Stalin 4089:Socialist Planning 4063:The Soviet Century 3889:. APH Publishing. 3864:Indiana University 3814:Palgrave Macmillan 2985:The New York Times 2413:Rossiyskaya Gazeta 2207:Russian Government 2122:Mikhail Smirtyukov 2082:The Unknown Stalin 2074:The Soviet Century 2031:standard of living 1994:Henry A. Kissinger 1942: 1940:– grave of Kosygin 1864: 1821:central Ministries 1782:housing revolution 1758: 1690:Soviet agriculture 1674:standard of living 1520:Kosygin protected 1515:Abd al-Karim Qasim 1489: 1454:1970 Moscow Treaty 1434: 1400:Henry A. Kissinger 1396:head of government 1388: 1384:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1308:Soviet agriculture 1229: 1095: 1032:Vyacheslav Molotov 988:Leningrad Blockade 945:People's Commissar 8077: 8076: 8071: 8070: 8026:Candidate members 7992:Nikita Khrushchev 7903: 7902: 7895:Alexei Kirichenko 7860:Alexander Puzanov 7813:Candidate members 7804:Alexei Kirichenko 7799:Matvei Shkiryatov 7784:Nikita Khrushchev 7759:Mikhail Pervukhin 7749:Nikolai Mikhailov 7630: 7629: 7607:Mikhail Pervukhin 7602:Vasil Mzhavanadze 7577:Jānis Kalnbērziņš 7540:Candidate members 7466:Nikita Khrushchev 7451:Mikhail Pervukhin 7431:Alexei Kirichenko 7367: 7366: 7329:Vasil Mzhavanadze 7312:Candidate members 7283:Nikita Khrushchev 7189: 7188: 7151:Vasil Mzhavanadze 7134:Candidate members 7026: 7025: 6993:Vasil Mzhavanadze 6971:Candidate members 6828: 6827: 6815:Mikhail Gorbachev 6758:Candidate members 6749:Mikhail Gorbachev 6610: 6609: 6502:Vladimir Rayevsky 6389: 6388: 6257: 6256: 6088: 6087: 5856: 5855: 5536: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5128:Politburo members 5046:Soviet–Afghan War 4986:Brezhnev Doctrine 4940:Era of Stagnation 4894: 4893: 4887:Succeeded by 4864:Succeeded by 4841:Succeeded by 4818:Succeeded by 4795:Succeeded by 4767:Succeeded by 4744:Succeeded by 4721:Succeeded by 4696:Succeeded by 4661:Succeeded by 4634:Succeeded by 4606:Succeeded by 4578:Succeeded by 4563:Nikita Khrushchev 4544:Media related to 4373:Penguin Books Ltd 4333:978-0-306-80334-5 4237:978-1-84331-034-1 3800:978-0-224-07879-5 3697:, pp. 86–87. 3651:978-5-4438-0878-9 3618:978-981-4435-49-9 3494:Вергасов, Фатех. 3366:, pp. 74–75. 3327:Травин, Дмитрий. 3106:, pp. 36–37. 3035:Helsingin Sanomat 2799:, pp. 93–94. 2563:on 10 August 2010 2331:978-0-8078-5958-2 2290:"Kosygin, Alexei" 2166:Hammer and Sickle 2126:Executive Officer 2118:Nikolai Egorychev 2039:Nikita Khrushchev 2014:David Rockefeller 1987:Mikhail Gorbachev 1922:Central Committee 1860:Nicolae Ceaușescu 1595:Sino–Soviet split 1530:Władysław Gomułka 1474:David Rockefeller 1446:Lyndon B. Johnson 1427:Lyndon B. Johnson 1392:general secretary 1322:policies. At the 1285:Soviet cosmonauts 1247:general secretary 1141:Central Committee 1098:Nikita Khrushchev 949:Central Committee 877:Russian Civil War 795:Nikita Khrushchev 752:Russian Civil War 703: 702: 694:Russian Civil War 492: 491: 300:Nikita Khrushchev 228:Nikita Khrushchev 188:Nikita Khrushchev 16:(Redirected from 8249: 8237:Soviet reformers 8207:Soviet engineers 8058:Nikolai Bulganin 8038:Nikolai Shvernik 8012:Nikolai Bulganin 7967:Lazar Kaganovich 7930: 7923: 7916: 7907: 7906: 7890:Nikolai Shvernik 7825:Andrey Vyshinsky 7794:Nikolai Shvernik 7789:Dmitry Chesnokov 7719:Vasili Kuznetsov 7709:Lazar Kaganovich 7694:Nikolai Bulganin 7679:Vasily Andrianov 7657: 7650: 7643: 7634: 7633: 7622:Dmitry Polyansky 7617:Nikolai Podgorny 7582:Andrei Kirilenko 7567:Nikolai Shvernik 7531:Dmitry Polyansky 7526:Nikolai Podgorny 7511:Nikolai Shvernik 7426:Lazar Kaganovich 7416:Nikolai Bulganin 7394: 7387: 7380: 7371: 7370: 7293:Andrei Kirilenko 7288:Nikolai Shvernik 7273:Dmitry Polyansky 7268:Nikolai Podgorny 7216: 7209: 7202: 7193: 7192: 7115:Dmitry Polyansky 7100:Andrei Kirilenko 7085:Nikolai Podgorny 7053: 7046: 7039: 7030: 7029: 6927:Dmitry Polyansky 6922:Nikolai Podgorny 6892:Andrei Kirilenko 6855: 6848: 6841: 6832: 6831: 6805:Nikolai Tikhonov 6795:Vasili Kuznetsov 6744:Nikolai Tikhonov 6714:Nikolai Podgorny 6684:Andrei Kirilenko 6637: 6630: 6623: 6614: 6613: 6602: 6595: 6570:Vladimir Panskov 6555:Victor Dementsev 6515: 6432: 6428: 6427: 6416: 6409: 6402: 6393: 6392: 6122: 6121: 5947: 5935: 5921: 5920: 5908: 5883: 5876: 5869: 5860: 5859: 5826:(Jan.–Nov. 1991) 5820:(Jan.–Nov. 1991) 5703:(Mar.–June 1953) 5660:(Aug.–Dec. 1991) 5646:(Jan.–Aug. 1991) 5563: 5556: 5549: 5540: 5539: 5456: 5455: 5452:National economy 5119:Friendship Games 5021:Helsinki Accords 4933: 4926: 4919: 4910: 4909: 4897: 4896: 4872:Preceded by 4849:Preceded by 4826:Preceded by 4803:Preceded by 4780:Preceded by 4752:Preceded by 4729:Preceded by 4706:Preceded by 4699:Mikhail Rodionov 4671:Preceded by 4644:Preceded by 4637:Vladimir Novikov 4625:Chairman of the 4616:Preceded by 4588:Preceded by 4581:Nikolai Tikhonov 4560:Preceded by 4552: 4551: 4543: 4528: 4503: 4478: 4455: 4436: 4417: 4411: 4403: 4392:The Contemporary 4386: 4371:(3rd ed.). 4360: 4337: 4314: 4289: 4266: 4241: 4222: 4199: 4176:Mawdsley, Evan; 4172: 4155: 4132: 4111:Gibbons, William 4106: 4091:(2nd ed.). 4080: 4057: 4032: 4009: 3977: 3962:(3rd ed.). 3951: 3938:Harper Perennial 3923: 3900: 3881: 3875: 3867: 3854: 3838: 3827: 3804: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3734: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3671: 3663: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3604: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3444: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3373: 3367: 3364:Dellenbrant 1986 3361: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3324: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3249: 3243: 3234: 3228: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3010: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2700: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2662: 2656: 2643: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2623: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2598:. 9 April 2004. 2586: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2547: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2485: 2479: 2475: 2473: 2465: 2439: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2401: 2395: 2389: 2380: 2379: 2361: 2355: 2349: 2336: 2335: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2257: 2244: 2238: 2055:Brezhnev's death 2002:Soviet dissident 1917:Nikolai Tikhonov 1844:Nikolai Tikhonov 1743:decentralization 1618:Andrei Kirilenko 1570: 1464:who represented 1266:Andrei Kirilenko 1251:Nikolai Podgorny 1214:Fifth Government 1129:Anti-Party Group 1080:Leningrad affair 1076:Alexey Kuznetsov 1040:Lazar Kaganovich 930: 854:Saint Petersburg 821:Nikolai Podgorny 748:Saint Petersburg 722: 717: 713: 712: 637:Military service 632: 627: 534: 531:18 December 1980 523: 516:Saint Petersburg 501:Personal details 486: 475: 464: 431: 420: 380:Mikhail Rodionov 376: 364: 345: 324:Vladimir Novikov 320: 308: 289: 277:Chairman of the 259: 258: 248: 236: 217: 200:Nikolai Tikhonov 196: 184: 163:Nikolai Tikhonov 158:Dmitry Polyansky 124:Nikolai Podgorny 109: 85: 75: 62: 61: 21: 8257: 8256: 8252: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8247: 8246: 8082: 8081: 8078: 8073: 8072: 8067: 8048:Georgy Malenkov 8033:Lavrentiy Beria 8021: 8002:Georgy Malenkov 7997:Lavrentiy Beria 7977:Anastas Mikoyan 7972:Mikhail Kalinin 7952:Andrey Andreyev 7940: 7934: 7904: 7899: 7880:Leonid Melnikov 7835:Nikolai Ignatov 7820:Leonid Brezhnev 7808: 7744:Anastas Mikoyan 7739:Leonid Melnikov 7729:Georgy Malenkov 7704:Semyon Ignatyev 7689:Lavrentiy Beria 7667: 7661: 7631: 7626: 7572:Dmitri Shepilov 7547:Leonid Brezhnev 7535: 7491:Nikolai Ignatov 7481:Leonid Brezhnev 7476:Nikolai Belyaev 7441:Anastas Mikoyan 7436:Georgy Malenkov 7404: 7398: 7368: 7363: 7334:Sharof Rashidov 7307: 7263:Anastas Mikoyan 7243:Gennady Voronov 7238:Leonid Brezhnev 7226: 7220: 7190: 7185: 7156:Sharof Rashidov 7129: 7095:Gennady Voronov 7075:Leonid Brezhnev 7063: 7057: 7027: 7022: 7018:Grigory Romanov 7013:Boris Ponomarev 6998:Sharof Rashidov 6966: 6882:Gennady Voronov 6877:Leonid Brezhnev 6865: 6859: 6829: 6824: 6820:Tikhon Kiselyov 6785:Sharof Rashidov 6780:Boris Ponomarev 6753: 6719:Grigory Romanov 6664:Leonid Brezhnev 6647: 6641: 6611: 6606: 6600: 6593: 6584: 6560:Valentin Pavlov 6550:Vladimir Sitnin 6545:Alexei Poskonov 6540:Vasily Garbuzov 6530:Alexei Poskonov 6522: 6516: 6507: 6491:Valentin Pavlov 6481:Vasily Garbuzov 6456:Hryhoriy Hrynko 6439:Head of Finance 6434: 6430: 6422: 6420: 6390: 6385: 6367: 6253: 6180: 6111: 6084: 6031: 5945: 5933: 5910: 5906: 5892: 5887: 5857: 5852: 5843:Deputy Premiers 5829: 5663: 5572: 5567: 5537: 5528: 5501:Five-year plans 5495: 5447: 5399: 5355: 5129: 5123: 5075: 5006:1973 oil crisis 4942: 4937: 4902: 4890: 4883: 4875: 4867: 4860: 4852: 4844: 4837: 4829: 4821: 4814: 4806: 4798: 4791: 4783: 4770: 4763: 4755: 4747: 4740: 4732: 4724: 4717: 4709: 4701: 4692: 4676: 4666: 4657: 4649: 4639: 4630: 4621: 4611: 4609:Dmitriy Ustinov 4602: 4593: 4583: 4574: 4565: 4536: 4531: 4525: 4500: 4475: 4452: 4433: 4405: 4404: 4383: 4365:Service, Robert 4357: 4334: 4311: 4286: 4276:Encounter Books 4263: 4238: 4219: 4196: 4152: 4129: 4103: 4085:Ellman, Michael 4077: 4054: 4029: 3998: 3974: 3948: 3920: 3897: 3869: 3868: 3862:. Vol. 8. 3851: 3824: 3801: 3777: 3772: 3771: 3763: 3759: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3735: 3728: 3720: 3716: 3708: 3701: 3693: 3689: 3665: 3664: 3652: 3638: 3634: 3619: 3605: 3601: 3591: 3589: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3561: 3557: 3549: 3545: 3535: 3533: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3492: 3488: 3480: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3446: 3445: 3438: 3430: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3406: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3374: 3370: 3362: 3358: 3350: 3346: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3325: 3318: 3308: 3306: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3283: 3279: 3271: 3267: 3259: 3252: 3244: 3237: 3229: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3200: 3196: 3188: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3165: 3161: 3153: 3149: 3141: 3137: 3129: 3125: 3117: 3110: 3102: 3098: 3090: 3086: 3078: 3074: 3066: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3040: 3038: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3011: 3007: 2997: 2995: 2978: 2974: 2968:Dannenberg 2008 2966: 2962: 2954: 2950: 2942: 2938: 2930: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2879: 2875: 2867: 2854: 2846: 2842: 2834: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2807: 2803: 2795: 2791: 2784: 2770: 2766: 2758: 2754: 2743: 2739: 2732: 2718: 2714: 2702: 2701: 2694: 2686: 2682: 2674: 2665: 2657: 2646: 2636: 2634: 2624: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2553: 2549: 2548: 2541: 2533: 2529: 2521: 2508: 2500: 2496: 2486: 2477: 2476: 2467: 2466: 2454: 2440: 2429: 2419: 2417: 2408: 2402: 2398: 2390: 2383: 2376: 2362: 2358: 2350: 2339: 2332: 2315: 2311: 2304: 2286: 2282: 2272: 2270: 2263: 2259: 2258: 2247: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2215: 2213:Foreign honours 2171:Orders of Lenin 2150: 2134:Nikolai Ryzhkov 2104:, believes the 2090:Zhores Medvedev 2051:planned economy 2047:Leonid Brezhnev 2027: 2022: 2008:Prime Minister 1998:Andrei Sakharov 1971: 1931: 1852: 1813: 1805:Main articles: 1803: 1790: 1770: 1712:economic reform 1708:command economy 1704: 1698: 1654: 1648: 1646:Five-Year Plans 1643: 1641:Economic policy 1626:Hafizullah Amin 1571: 1568: 1502:confrontation. 1376: 1243:Leonid Brezhnev 1235: 1221: 1216: 1198:Kosygin's First 1194: 1188: 1180:Leonid Brezhnev 1124: 1060:Georgy Malenkov 1056:Lavrentiy Beria 1052: 1036:Anastas Mikoyan 1016: 1014:Afterwar period 965: 953:Deputy Chairman 924: 914: 909: 846: 803:First Secretary 799:Leonid Brezhnev 741:Leonid Brezhnev 715: 583:Political party 536: 532: 519: 514: 487: 482: 476: 471: 465: 460: 432: 427: 421: 416: 374: 362: 346: 341: 318: 306: 290: 285: 264: 252:Dmitriy Ustinov 246: 234: 218: 213: 194: 182: 176:Leonid Brezhnev 167: 148:Dmitriy Ustinov 144: 143: 128:Leonid Brezhnev 126: 122: 120:Anastas Mikoyan 110: 105: 88: 87:Kosygin in 1972 76: 74:Алексей Косыгин 73: 67: 60: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8255: 8245: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8075: 8074: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8065: 8063:Alexei Kosygin 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8029: 8027: 8023: 8022: 8020: 8019: 8017:Alexei Kosygin 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7962:Andrei Zhdanov 7959: 7954: 7948: 7946: 7942: 7941: 7933: 7932: 7925: 7918: 7910: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7845:Alexei Kosygin 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7816: 7814: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7779:Mikhail Suslov 7776: 7771: 7769:Maksim Saburov 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7684:Averky Aristov 7681: 7675: 7673: 7669: 7668: 7660: 7659: 7652: 7645: 7637: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7612:Pyotr Pospelov 7609: 7604: 7599: 7597:Kirill Mazurov 7594: 7592:Alexei Kosygin 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7543: 7541: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7521:Alexei Kosygin 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7471:Averky Aristov 7468: 7463: 7461:Mikhail Suslov 7458: 7456:Maksim Saburov 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7412: 7410: 7406: 7405: 7397: 7396: 7389: 7382: 7374: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7361: 7359:Dmitry Ustinov 7356: 7354:Pyotr Demichev 7351: 7346: 7344:Leonid Efremov 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7324:Kirill Mazurov 7321: 7319:Viktor Grishin 7315: 7313: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7278:Mikhail Suslov 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7253:Alexei Kosygin 7250: 7245: 7240: 7234: 7232: 7228: 7227: 7219: 7218: 7211: 7204: 7196: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7183: 7178: 7176:Pyotr Masherov 7173: 7168: 7163: 7161:Dmitry Ustinov 7158: 7153: 7148: 7146:Viktor Grishin 7143: 7141:Pyotr Demichev 7137: 7135: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7110:Kirill Mazurov 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7090:Mikhail Suslov 7087: 7082: 7080:Alexei Kosygin 7077: 7071: 7069: 7065: 7064: 7056: 7055: 7048: 7041: 7033: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7003:Dmitry Ustinov 7000: 6995: 6990: 6988:Pyotr Masherov 6985: 6983:Pyotr Demichev 6980: 6974: 6972: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6964: 6962:Andrei Gromyko 6959: 6957:Andrei Grechko 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6932:Mikhail Suslov 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6912:Kirill Mazurov 6909: 6904: 6902:Fyodor Kulakov 6899: 6897:Alexei Kosygin 6894: 6889: 6887:Viktor Grishin 6884: 6879: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6858: 6857: 6850: 6843: 6835: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6775:Pyotr Masherov 6772: 6770:Pyotr Demichev 6767: 6761: 6759: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6729:Dmitry Ustinov 6726: 6724:Mikhail Suslov 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6704:Kirill Mazurov 6701: 6696: 6694:Fyodor Kulakov 6691: 6689:Alexei Kosygin 6686: 6681: 6679:Andrei Gromyko 6676: 6674:Viktor Grishin 6671: 6669:Andrei Grechko 6666: 6661: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6648: 6640: 6639: 6632: 6625: 6617: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6597: 6589: 6586: 6585: 6583: 6582: 6577: 6575:Vladimir Orlov 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6526: 6524: 6518: 6517: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6505: 6498: 6496:Vladimir Orlov 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6471:Alexei Kosygin 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6442: 6440: 6436: 6435: 6419: 6418: 6411: 6404: 6396: 6387: 6386: 6384: 6383: 6378: 6372: 6369: 6368: 6366: 6365: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6275: 6267: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6251: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6188: 6186: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6178: 6173: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6130: 6128: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6109: 6104: 6098: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6041: 6039: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5942: 5937: 5929: 5927: 5918: 5916:Russian Empire 5912: 5911: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5886: 5885: 5878: 5871: 5863: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5834: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5821: 5815: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5788: 5782: 5776: 5770: 5764: 5758: 5752: 5746: 5740: 5734: 5728: 5722: 5716: 5710: 5704: 5698: 5692: 5686: 5680: 5673: 5671: 5669:First Deputies 5665: 5664: 5662: 5661: 5655: 5647: 5641: 5635: 5629: 5623: 5617: 5611: 5605: 5599: 5593: 5587: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5566: 5565: 5558: 5551: 5543: 5534: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5505: 5503: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5486:Food Programme 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5462: 5460: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5440: 5438:Tikhonov's 1st 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5409: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5381: 5376: 5365: 5363: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5104:Able Archer 83 5101: 5096: 5091: 5085: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5061:Exercise Zapad 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5011:Fall of Saigon 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4952: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4936: 4935: 4928: 4921: 4913: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4885: 4876: 4873: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4853: 4850: 4846: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4830: 4827: 4823: 4822: 4819: 4816: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4784: 4781: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4756: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4733: 4730: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4710: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4694: 4677: 4672: 4668: 4667: 4662: 4659: 4650: 4645: 4641: 4640: 4635: 4632: 4622: 4617: 4613: 4612: 4607: 4604: 4594: 4589: 4585: 4584: 4579: 4576: 4566: 4561: 4557: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4546:Alexei Kosygin 4535: 4534:External links 4532: 4530: 4529: 4524:978-0807830987 4523: 4504: 4499:978-0887382604 4498: 4479: 4474:978-0817969226 4473: 4456: 4450: 4437: 4432:978-0415975155 4431: 4418: 4387: 4382:978-0141037974 4381: 4361: 4356:978-1850434375 4355: 4338: 4332: 4315: 4310:978-0812690057 4309: 4290: 4285:978-1594032295 4284: 4267: 4262:978-0786444861 4261: 4242: 4236: 4223: 4218:978-1585675029 4217: 4200: 4195:978-0198297383 4194: 4178:White, Stephen 4173: 4156: 4151:978-0195062946 4150: 4133: 4128:978-0691006352 4127: 4107: 4102:978-0521358668 4101: 4081: 4076:978-1844670161 4075: 4058: 4053:978-0873323840 4052: 4033: 4028:978-0199228195 4027: 4010: 3996: 3978: 3973:978-0874516166 3972: 3952: 3947:978-0060505431 3946: 3924: 3918: 3901: 3895: 3882: 3855: 3850:978-0802057808 3849: 3828: 3823:978-0333794630 3822: 3805: 3799: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3757: 3726: 3714: 3712:, p. 272. 3699: 3687: 3650: 3632: 3617: 3599: 3588:on 21 May 2008 3567: 3565:, p. 193. 3555: 3553:, p. 293. 3543: 3532:on 21 May 2008 3511: 3486: 3484:, p. 105. 3471: 3436: 3434:, p. 118. 3424: 3422:, p. 254. 3412: 3410:, p. 119. 3395: 3368: 3356: 3344: 3316: 3289: 3287:, p. 249. 3277: 3275:, p. 240. 3265: 3263:, p. 207. 3250: 3248:, p. 431. 3235: 3233:, p. 253. 3218: 3216:, p. 171. 3206: 3204:, p. 137. 3194: 3192:, p. 302. 3182: 3170: 3159: 3157:, p. 354. 3147: 3135: 3133:, p. 125. 3123: 3108: 3096: 3094:, p. 388. 3084: 3082:, p. 386. 3072: 3070:, p. 385. 3060: 3058:, p. 106. 3048: 3022: 3005: 2972: 2960: 2948: 2936: 2934:, p. 525. 2921: 2919:, p. 248. 2909: 2907:, p. 103. 2897: 2895:, p. 102. 2885: 2873: 2871:, p. 211. 2852: 2850:, p. 402. 2840: 2838:, p. 377. 2828: 2816: 2801: 2789: 2782: 2764: 2752: 2737: 2730: 2712: 2692: 2680: 2663: 2661:, p. 248. 2644: 2613: 2574: 2539: 2537:, p. 610. 2527: 2525:, p. 222. 2506: 2494: 2452: 2427: 2396: 2394:, p. 221. 2381: 2374: 2356: 2354:, p. 403. 2337: 2330: 2309: 2303:978-1851098422 2302: 2280: 2245: 2243:, p. 214. 2232: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2214: 2211: 2162:Order of Lenin 2149: 2146: 2063:liberalization 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 1983:Pierre Trudeau 1970: 1967: 1930: 1927: 1851: 1848: 1802: 1799: 1789: 1786: 1769: 1766: 1739:Evsei Liberman 1732:light industry 1700:Main article: 1697: 1694: 1685:consumer goods 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1566: 1416:Andrei Gromyko 1375: 1374:Foreign policy 1372: 1338:and the later 1304:Vladimir Lenin 1274:Mikhail Suslov 1241:that included 1220: 1217: 1187: 1184: 1123: 1122:Khrushchev era 1120: 1051: 1050:Temporary fall 1048: 1044:consumer goods 1015: 1012: 964: 961: 937:Andrei Zhdanov 913: 912:Pre-war period 910: 908: 905: 897:Vladimir Lenin 856:. Kosygin was 845: 842: 708:(Russian: 701: 700: 697: 696: 691: 687: 686: 681: 677: 676: 671: 667: 666: 663: 659: 658: 653: 652:Branch/service 649: 648: 643: 639: 638: 634: 633: 621: 617: 616: 613: 609: 608: 603: 599: 598: 595: 591: 590: 584: 580: 579: 574: 570: 569: 564: 560: 559: 553: 549: 548: 535:(aged 76) 529: 525: 524: 521:Russian Empire 507: 503: 502: 498: 497: 494: 493: 490: 489: 479: 478: 468: 467: 457: 456: 435: 434: 424: 423: 413: 412: 383: 382: 377: 371: 370: 365: 359: 358: 353: 349: 348: 338: 337: 327: 326: 321: 315: 314: 309: 303: 302: 297: 293: 292: 282: 281: 274: 273: 270: 269: 266: 265: 262: 255: 254: 249: 243: 242: 237: 231: 230: 225: 221: 220: 210: 209: 203: 202: 197: 191: 190: 185: 179: 178: 173: 169: 168: 166: 165: 160: 155: 153:Kirill Mazurov 150: 139: 138: 137: 135: 131: 130: 117: 113: 112: 102: 101: 94: 93: 90: 89: 86: 78: 77: 69: 68: 66:Alexei Kosygin 65: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8254: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8080: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8024: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7987:Joseph Stalin 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7943: 7938: 7931: 7926: 7924: 7919: 7917: 7912: 7911: 7908: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7865:Ivan Tevosian 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7855:Nikolai Pegov 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7830:Arseny Zverev 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7817: 7815: 7811: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7774:Joseph Stalin 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7724:Otto Kuusinen 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7670: 7665: 7658: 7653: 7651: 7646: 7644: 7639: 7638: 7635: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7552:Georgy Zhukov 7550: 7548: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7538: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7501:Otto Kuusinen 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7486:Georgy Zhukov 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7407: 7402: 7395: 7390: 7388: 7383: 7381: 7376: 7375: 7372: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7349:Petro Shelest 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7314: 7310: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7298:Petro Shelest 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7258:Otto Kuusinen 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7229: 7224: 7217: 7212: 7210: 7205: 7203: 7198: 7197: 7194: 7182: 7181:Yuri Andropov 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7132: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7120:Petro Shelest 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7066: 7061: 7054: 7049: 7047: 7042: 7040: 7035: 7034: 7031: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6978:Yuri Andropov 6976: 6975: 6973: 6969: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6952:Yuri Andropov 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6942:Petro Shelest 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6872: 6868: 6863: 6856: 6851: 6849: 6844: 6842: 6837: 6836: 6833: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6765:Heydar Aliyev 6763: 6762: 6760: 6756: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6659:Yuri Andropov 6657: 6656: 6654: 6650: 6645: 6638: 6633: 6631: 6626: 6624: 6619: 6618: 6615: 6603: 6598: 6596: 6591: 6590: 6587: 6581: 6580:Andrei Zverev 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6535:Arseny Zverev 6533: 6531: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6519: 6514: 6504: 6503: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6476:Arseny Zverev 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6466:Arseny Zverev 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6426: 6417: 6412: 6410: 6405: 6403: 6398: 6397: 6394: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6346: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6324: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6297: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6280: 6276: 6274: 6273: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6260: 6250: 6249: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6183: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6171: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6114: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6091: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 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5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5498: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5450: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5413:Kosygin's 1st 5411: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5390:Yuri Andropov 5388: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5358: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5126: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4971:Prague Spring 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4934: 4929: 4927: 4922: 4920: 4915: 4914: 4911: 4905: 4898: 4882: 4881: 4870: 4859: 4858: 4847: 4836: 4835: 4824: 4813: 4812: 4801: 4790: 4789: 4778: 4773: 4762: 4761: 4750: 4739: 4738: 4727: 4723:Nikita Ryzhov 4716: 4715: 4704: 4700: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4675: 4674:Ivan Khokhlov 4669: 4665: 4664:Arseny Zverev 4656: 4655: 4648: 4647:Arseny Zverev 4642: 4638: 4629: 4628: 4620: 4619:Joseph Kuzmin 4614: 4610: 4601: 4599: 4592: 4586: 4582: 4573: 4571: 4564: 4558: 4553: 4547: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4526: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4505: 4501: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4486: 4480: 4476: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4453: 4451:9780670570287 4447: 4443: 4438: 4434: 4428: 4424: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4325: 4324:Da Capo Press 4321: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4297: 4291: 4287: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4243: 4239: 4233: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4055: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4040: 4034: 4030: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3997:9780203413289 3993: 3989: 3988: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3929: 3928:Coughlin, Con 3925: 3921: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3898: 3896:9788176486606 3892: 3888: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3865: 3861: 3856: 3852: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3836: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3806: 3802: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3783:Brown, Archie 3780: 3779: 3767:, p. 64. 3766: 3761: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3731: 3724:, p. 73. 3723: 3718: 3711: 3706: 3704: 3696: 3691: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3669: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3647: 3643: 3642:Klub bankirov 3636: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3614: 3610: 3603: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3571: 3564: 3559: 3552: 3547: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3521: 3515: 3499: 3490: 3483: 3478: 3476: 3459: 3455: 3454: 3449: 3443: 3441: 3433: 3428: 3421: 3416: 3409: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3383: 3379: 3372: 3365: 3360: 3354:, p. 58. 3353: 3348: 3332: 3323: 3321: 3305: 3301: 3293: 3286: 3281: 3274: 3269: 3262: 3257: 3255: 3247: 3242: 3240: 3232: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3215: 3210: 3203: 3198: 3191: 3186: 3180:, p. 65. 3179: 3174: 3168: 3163: 3156: 3151: 3144: 3139: 3132: 3127: 3120: 3115: 3113: 3105: 3100: 3093: 3088: 3081: 3076: 3069: 3064: 3057: 3056:Coughlin 2005 3052: 3036: 3032: 3026: 3018: 3017: 3009: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2976: 2970:, p. 33. 2969: 2964: 2958:, p. 73. 2957: 2952: 2945: 2940: 2933: 2932:van Dijk 2008 2928: 2926: 2918: 2913: 2906: 2901: 2894: 2889: 2883:, p. 86. 2882: 2877: 2870: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2849: 2844: 2837: 2832: 2825: 2820: 2812: 2805: 2798: 2793: 2785: 2783:0-7432-7564-0 2779: 2775: 2768: 2762:, p. 96. 2761: 2756: 2748: 2741: 2733: 2731:0-8014-1410-5 2727: 2723: 2716: 2708: 2707: 2699: 2697: 2690:, p. 95. 2689: 2684: 2678:, p. 48. 2677: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2660: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2633: 2629: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2601: 2597: 2596:Pravda Online 2593: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2546: 2544: 2536: 2531: 2524: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2504:, p. 15. 2503: 2498: 2490: 2483: 2471: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2453:5-235-02623-3 2449: 2445: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2415: 2414: 2409: 2400: 2393: 2388: 2386: 2377: 2371: 2367: 2360: 2353: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2333: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2313: 2305: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2284: 2268: 2267:Pravda Online 2264: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2216: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2193:by President 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2124:, the former 2123: 2119: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2100:, the author 2099: 2096:". Historian 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2078:Evan Mawdsley 2075: 2070: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2059:Yuri Andropov 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1976: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1959:Yuri Andropov 1956: 1955:state funeral 1952: 1948: 1939: 1935: 1926: 1923: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1905:Kiril Mazurov 1900: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1861: 1856: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1812: 1808: 1798: 1796: 1785: 1783: 1778: 1775: 1765: 1763: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1716:profit making 1713: 1709: 1703: 1693: 1691: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1653: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1603:Harold Wilson 1600: 1596: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1565: 1563: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1534:Edward Gierek 1531: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1496:Urho Kekkonen 1494: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1462:Walter Scheel 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1385: 1380: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1336:Prague Spring 1331: 1329: 1328:Kiril Mazurov 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1297: 1292: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1234: 1225: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1193: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1143:(the renamed 1142: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1119: 1117: 1116:Georgy Zhukov 1112: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1092: 1087: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 996: 993: 989: 984: 980: 978: 974: 970: 960: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 928: 923: 919: 904: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 885:co-operatives 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 861: 859: 855: 851: 841: 838: 837:Prague Spring 832: 830: 826: 822: 818: 817: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 783: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 744: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 721: 707: 698: 695: 692: 688: 685: 682: 678: 675: 672: 668: 664: 660: 657: 654: 650: 647: 644: 640: 635: 631: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 607: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 585: 581: 578: 575: 571: 568: 565: 561: 557: 554: 552:Resting place 550: 547: 543: 539: 530: 526: 522: 517: 512: 508: 504: 499: 495: 485: 480: 474: 469: 463: 458: 455: 452: 449: 445: 441: 436: 430: 425: 419: 414: 411: 408: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 384: 381: 378: 372: 369: 368:Ivan Khokhlov 366: 360: 357: 356:Joseph Stalin 354: 350: 344: 339: 336: 332: 328: 325: 322: 316: 313: 312:Joseph Kuzmin 310: 304: 301: 298: 294: 288: 283: 280: 275: 271: 267: 260: 256: 253: 250: 244: 241: 238: 232: 229: 226: 222: 216: 211: 208: 204: 201: 198: 192: 189: 186: 180: 177: 174: 170: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 145: 142: 136: 132: 129: 125: 121: 118: 114: 108: 103: 100: 95: 91: 84: 79: 70: 63: 58: 54: 51: and the 50: 46: 42: 37: 33: 19: 8079: 8062: 8016: 7945:Full members 7844: 7840:Ivan Kabanov 7672:Full members 7591: 7520: 7409:Full members 7252: 7231:Full members 7125:Arvīds Pelše 7079: 7068:Full members 6917:Arvīds Pelše 6896: 6870:Full members 6709:Arvīds Pelše 6688: 6652:Full members 6500: 6486:Boris Gostev 6470: 6360: 6343: 6321: 6296:Chernomyrdin 6294: 6285:Chernomyrdin 6277: 6270: 6246: 6175: 6168: 6117:Russian SFSR 5902: 5898: 5742: 5649: 5625: 5378: 5317:Shevardnadze 5302:Shcherbytsky 5236: 4878: 4855: 4832: 4809: 4786: 4758: 4735: 4712: 4689:Russian SFSR 4679: 4652: 4624: 4596: 4568: 4509: 4484: 4465:Hoover Press 4460: 4441: 4422: 4391: 4368: 4342: 4319: 4295: 4271: 4247: 4227: 4204: 4181: 4160: 4140:. New York: 4137: 4114: 4088: 4062: 4038: 4014: 3986: 3959: 3932: 3905: 3886: 3859: 3834: 3809: 3786: 3760: 3748:. Retrieved 3738:Staff writer 3717: 3695:Zemtsov 1989 3690: 3641: 3635: 3608: 3602: 3590:. Retrieved 3586:the original 3579: 3570: 3558: 3546: 3534:. Retrieved 3530:the original 3523: 3514: 3502:. Retrieved 3489: 3482:Zemtsov 1989 3462:. Retrieved 3458:the original 3451: 3432:Zemtsov 1989 3427: 3415: 3408:Zemtsov 1989 3386:. Retrieved 3384:(in Russian) 3381: 3371: 3359: 3347: 3337:20 September 3335:. Retrieved 3307:. Retrieved 3292: 3280: 3268: 3261:Chauhan 2004 3209: 3202:Rutland 1985 3197: 3190:Daniels 1993 3185: 3178:Daniels 2004 3173: 3162: 3150: 3138: 3126: 3099: 3092:Service 2009 3087: 3080:Service 2009 3075: 3068:Service 2009 3063: 3051: 3039:. Retrieved 3034: 3025: 3015: 3008: 2996:. Retrieved 2984: 2975: 2963: 2956:Robbins 2010 2951: 2944:Gibbons 1995 2939: 2912: 2905:Zemtsov 1989 2900: 2893:Zemtsov 1989 2888: 2881:Zemtsov 1989 2876: 2843: 2836:Service 2009 2831: 2819: 2810: 2804: 2792: 2773: 2767: 2755: 2746: 2740: 2721: 2715: 2704: 2683: 2635:. Retrieved 2632:www.rbth.com 2631: 2604:. Retrieved 2565:. Retrieved 2561:the original 2530: 2497: 2443: 2418:. Retrieved 2416:(in Russian) 2411: 2399: 2375:0582-01323-2 2365: 2359: 2321: 2312: 2296:. ABC-CLIO. 2293: 2283: 2271:. Retrieved 2236: 2218: 2151: 2114: 2101: 2098:Archie Brown 2086:Roy Medvedev 2081: 2073: 2068: 2067: 2028: 2010:Lee Kuan Yew 1980: 1972: 1943: 1901: 1885: 1876: 1867: 1865: 1828: 1825:associations 1824: 1814: 1791: 1779: 1771: 1759: 1753: 1736: 1705: 1678: 1655: 1615: 1599:Maoist China 1592: 1573: 1559: 1519: 1504: 1490: 1466:West Germany 1458:Willy Brandt 1435: 1429:at the 1967 1412:Second World 1389: 1361: 1332: 1301: 1294: 1288: 1282: 1270:Arvīds Pelše 1263: 1236: 1153: 1137: 1125: 1108: 1103: 1096: 1053: 1029: 1017: 1008:Russian SFSR 997: 985: 981: 977:World War II 966: 915: 907:Early career 901:Robert Eikhe 862: 847: 833: 814: 784: 764:World War II 745: 705: 704: 690:Battles/wars 646:Russian SFSR 546:Soviet Union 542:Russian SFSR 533:(1980-12-18) 483: 472: 461: 428: 417: 375:Succeeded by 342: 335:Russian SFSR 319:Succeeded by 286: 247:Succeeded by 214: 195:Succeeded by 106: 56: 49:Nikolayevich 48: 36: 8097:1980 deaths 8092:1904 births 7939:(1939–1952) 7870:Pavel Yudin 7666:(1952–1956) 7496:Frol Kozlov 7403:(1956–1959) 7248:Frol Kozlov 7225:(1961–1966) 7062:(1966–1971) 6864:(1971–1976) 6646:(1976–1981) 6523:(1946–1992) 6461:Vlas Chubar 6227:Solomentsev 6012:von Reutern 5982:Chernyshyov 5972:Vasilchikov 5967:Novosiltsev 5946:Vyazmitinov 5811:(1989–1990) 5805:(1988–1990) 5799:(1985–1989) 5797:Murakhovsky 5793:(1985–1988) 5787:(1983–1985) 5781:(1982–1987) 5775:(1980–1986) 5769:(1976–1980) 5763:(1965–1973) 5757:(1965–1978) 5751:(1963–1965) 5745:(1960–1964) 5739:(1958–1960) 5733:(1957–1958) 5727:(1955–1957) 5721:(1955–1957) 5715:(1955–1964) 5709:(1953–1957) 5697:(1950–1955) 5691:(1942–1957) 5685:(1941–1946) 5683:Voznesensky 5679:(1934–1935) 5654:(Aug. 1991) 5640:(1985–1991) 5634:(1980–1985) 5628:(1964–1980) 5622:(1958–1964) 5616:(1955–1958) 5610:(1953–1955) 5604:(1941–1953) 5598:(1930–1941) 5592:(1924–1930) 5586:(1923–1924) 5405:Governments 5327:Solomentsev 5267:Mzhavanadze 4966:Six-Day War 4591:Frol Kozlov 4347:I.B. Tauris 4209:I.B. Tauris 4067:Verso Books 4044:M.E. Sharpe 3791:Bodley Head 3722:Ellman 1989 3551:Saikal 2006 3504:4 September 3420:Wesson 1978 3388:29 December 3309:4 September 3273:Wesson 1978 3231:Wesson 1978 3131:Colman 2004 3041:18 December 2998:18 December 2917:Wesson 1978 2637:18 December 2606:4 September 2567:5 September 2535:Safire 1988 2478:|work= 2420:4 September 2273:4 September 2183:state visit 2181:. 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