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1035:. The post of Chairman of the Council of State would give Brezhnev the top state and party job in the USSR. Brezhnev's backers were unable, and did not even try, to remove Podgorny from the head of state post at the 1970 Central Committee plenum. Brezhnev could count on only five votes, while another seven Politburo members were opposed to granting Brezhnev more power. Under such circumstances, removing Podgorny would be condemned among the Soviet elite for violating the principle of collective leadership.
944:
935:. Additionally, when Podgorny and Kosygin actually agreed on something Brezhnev would find himself in the minority, and forced to follow their decisions. However, such an opportunity was often ignored due to how frequently Podgorny found himself in conflict with Kosygin over policy issues. Ultimately, the collective leadership was rendered powerless in the late 1970s when Brezhnev achieved all but complete control over the Politburo.
72:
679:(CC) of the CPU. From 1957 to 1963, Podgorny was First Secretary of the CC of the CPU, effectively the most powerful position in Ukraine. In this role, Podgorny worked on reorganising and modernising the Ukrainian economy, which had been destroyed during the war years. He worked to increase the rate of industrial and
823:, and was therefore in charge of the Party's Organisational Division. In this capacity, Podgorny threatened Brezhnev's position as First Secretary because the Organisational Division, if Podgorny chose so, could easily be turned into his own power base within the party. Due to this risk, Brezhnev allied himself with
1063:
for a way to weaken
Podgorny's position. As it turned out there were none under current Soviet law. As the head of state, Podgorny could block any measures taken by Brezhnev to circumscribe his powers. Chernenko's solution to this dilemma was to make it law that the Party leader could also become the
922:
by leading delegations to China and North
Vietnam later that year. As Brezhnev adopted more liberal positions, Podgorny attracted support among hardline communists by opposing his conciliatory stance towards Yugoslavia, disarmament deals with the West, and pressuring of East Germany into conceding to
1051:
executive powers. As a result of these changes, the post of
Chairman of the Presidium changed from a largely honorary office to the second most important office in the USSR. Pleased by the extension of powers given to the Supreme Soviet, Podgorny saw little threat to his position, even if a Central
1092:
proposed removing
Podgorny from the Politburo. The vote seemed to have taken Podgorny by surprise, and immediately after the vote, he got up from his politburo seat to instead sit with the ordinary members. Podgorny was nominally still Chairman of the Presidium, but his leadership had ended. After
752:
yields in the
Ukrainian SSR on "bad weather", while Khrushchev claimed the crops had been "stolen" and "pilfered". However, in 1962, Podgorny reported to Khrushchev that agricultural output had again increased: Under Podgorny's leadership, the Ukrainian SSR had doubled Ukraine's supply of
842:
Party organisation which
Podgorny had previously headed, but also its management of the economy. By indirectly criticising Podgorny, the article raised doubts about his qualifications as a leading member of the Soviet leadership. Podgorny launched a counterattack in his 1965 speech in
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in 1968, Podgorny emerged as the second-most powerful figure in the country behind
Brezhnev. Thereafter, his influence over policy declined as Brezhnev consolidated his control over the regime. By June 1977, he was removed as Chairman of the Presidium as well as a member of the
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604:, and served as a Secretary of the Komsomol from 1921 to 1923. Podgorny started work at the age of 17 as a student at the mechanical workshops in Karlovka. In 1926, Podgorny graduated from a local workers' school. In 1930, Podgorny became a member of the
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at the expense of
Brezhnev and Kosygin's popularity. There was speculation in Soviet society that Podgorny was trying to replace Kosygin as Premier, or even Brezhnev as General Secretary, due to his increasing presence in the late 1960s.
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1128:. There was never any explanation given, nor a denunciation of him, by the Soviet authorities. Podgorny retained his seat in the Supreme Soviet after his downfall. He was seen at the 61st anniversary reception of the
855:. This, as it turned out, would be a move he would regret for life. Instead of offending just Brezhnev and Shelepin, he offended the whole conservative wing of the leadership. To make matters even worse for Podgorny,
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768:, Brezhnev began starting a conspiracy against Khrushchev when he found out that he had chosen Podgorny, and not himself, as his potential successor. During the 1964 ouster to remove Khrushchev as
663:. In the post-war years, Podgorny regained his old office of Deputy People's Commissar for Food Industry of the Ukrainian SSR, but was later appointed in 1946 as a Permanent Representative to the
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1023:, "There was some speculation in Moscow" that if Brezhnev did not succeed in removing Podgorny he would establish a Council of State modelled after institutions found in, for example,
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who foresaw
Podgorny's fall, the decision to remove Podgorny from the Politburo took the world by surprise. On 24 May 1977, a unanimous vote was taken by the Central Committee after
1104:
Due to his advanced age, Brezhnev was regarded as too old to carry out some of the functions of head of state. The
Supreme Soviet, on Brezhnev's orders, established the new post of
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which affirmed the Party's supremacy in Soviet society was approved by the Soviet leadership. The approval of the 1977 Soviet Constitution is considered Podgorny's death knell.
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702:(Political Bureau), the highest policy-making authority in the Soviet Union. By 1963, Podgorny had risen to prominence within the Soviet hierarchy as a member of the
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his removal from the Politburo Podgorny's name disappeared from Soviet media. The Soviet media told the Soviet people that he had retired due to his stance against
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915:
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affirmed Brezhnev's and Kosygin's status as the leadership's current highest-ranking figures but Podgorny nevertheless showed that he remained a major player in
860:
859:, who had kept outside of the conflict, sided with Brezhnev, and called his views "revisionist". Later in December 1965, Podgorny relinquished his seat in the
820:
703:
1140:, all of whom looked embarrassed by the presence of Podgorny, according to Uomoto. Soon after this incident, Podgorny lost his seat in the Supreme Soviet. In
3854:
2219:
1084:, Podgorny was, before his removal, the second most powerful man in the Soviet Union, behind Brezhnev but ahead of Premier Kosygin. Though there were some
565:. Upon his removal from the Soviet leadership, Podgorny was forced to resign from active politics and sidelined in Soviet affairs until his death in 1983.
562:
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1966:
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Brezhnev conspired to oust Podgorny as early as 1970. The reason was simple: Brezhnev was third, while Podgorny was first in the ranking of Soviet
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Nikolai Podgorny (second from left) at East Germany's 6th Party Conference with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev (second from right) in 1963.
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Podgorny's life after his resignation is not well documented. The last mention of him in any major Soviet media was his meeting with
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in November 1978 by Tokichiro Uomoto, the Japanese Ambassador to the Soviet Union. Podgorny spoke to Brezhnev, Kosygin, and then to
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and Premier, Podgorny and Brezhnev appealed to the Central Committee, blaming Khrushchev for economic failures and accusing him of
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871:. According to Ilya Zemstov, his departure from the Secretariat signaled the end of his wish to assume the First Secretaryship.
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Chairman of the Presidium. Consequently, a new constitution was drafted to include such a provision. On 7 October 1977, the
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1101:. Twenty-three days after his removal from the Politburo, Podgorny lost his Chairmanship of the Presidium on 16 June 1977.
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production and to improve people's welfare. He paid particular attention to improving party organisation and educating new
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902:. Factionalism within the Soviet leadership in the 1960s led Podgorny to become more active; he held several speeches in
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on 18 February 1903. He later graduated from a local worker's school in 1926 before completing his education at the
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As with many other high-standing Soviet officials, Podgorny was honoured with several awards. He was awarded five
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Bargaining and learning in recurring crises: the Soviet-American, Egyptian-Israeli, and Indo-Pakistani rivalries
4236:
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924:
1112:, at the age of 76, was unanimously approved by the Supreme Soviet as First Deputy Chairman of the Presidium.
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1276:"170. Memorandum From the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon"
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1017:. Since September 1970 Brezhnev tried to form an opposition in the Politburo to oust Podgorny. According to
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as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. After Kosygin's standing was damaged in the wake of the
3912:
3839:
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1606:
738:'s rule, Podgorny was one of the most liberal members within the Soviet leadership, even more liberal than
652:
4373:
Members of the Central Auditing Commission of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
639:(Ukrainian SSR). The next year, Podgorny was appointed Deputy People's Commissar for Food Industry of the
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sugar trusts. By the end of 1939, Podgorny had become Deputy People's Commissar for Food Industry of the
539:
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20:
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Podgorny's removal from office in 1977 has become the most notable example of power transfer in the
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1032:
651:
Podgorny became the Director of the Moscow Technological Institute of Food Industry in 1942 during
1777:
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1835:
1168:
4398:
Members of the Central Committee of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
4393:
Members of the Central Committee of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
4388:
Members of the Central Committee of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
4383:
Members of the Central Committee of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
4378:
Members of the Central Committee of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1052:
Committee resolution from 1971 had called for the expansion of Party activities in the Soviets.
659:, Podgorny reestablished Soviet control over Ukraine on the orders of the Ukrainian SSR and the
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Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1975–1980
4508:
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1971–1975
4503:
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1967–1971
1404:
1398:
1108:
of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, an office equivalent to the post of Vice President.
4488:
Fourth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
4478:
Second convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
4403:
Candidates of the Presidium of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
4352:
4347:
4193:
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Podgorny's position was constantly threatened by Brezhnev and his allies. In an article in
265:
4498:
Sixth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
4493:
Fifth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
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Third convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
4433:
Members of the Secretariat of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2227:
8:
4125:
4115:
3636:
3580:
3575:
3474:
3332:
3296:
3133:
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2935:
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2717:
2676:
1144:, Podgorny was removed from the 1977 painting of the Soviet leaders at the Red Square by
1003:
948:
632:
313:
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Members of the Politburo of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
4423:
Members of the Politburo of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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Members of the Politburo of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
4413:
Members of the Presidium of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
4408:
Members of the Presidium of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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1959:
1949:
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and climbed up the Soviet hierarchy after years of service to the country's centrally
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Jan.–Mar. 1958: Deputy Chairman, Bureau of the Central Committee of the Russian SFSR
195:
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Unbeknownst to Podgorny, Brezhnev felt threatened by his new authority and ordered
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2012:
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In the early 1970s, Brezhnev strengthened Podgorny's position at the expense of
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1976:
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and several medals, as well as being awarded several foreign state prizes by
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to the state from the previous year. Because of his handling of agriculture,
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894:. Even so, Podgorny remained one of the most liberal-minded members in the
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656:
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in 1917, Podgorny became one of the founders of the Karlovka branch of the
471:
998:
to discuss Soviet-Vietnamese foreign relations. In 1973, Podgorny visited
748:
Podgorny briefly fell out of Khruschev's favor in 1961 when he blamed bad
4168:
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3322:
1934:
1875:
Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika
995:
967:
959:
907:
766:
Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika
758:
520:
In October 1964, Podgorny participated in a coup replacing Soviet leader
1172:
1148:
in which Podgorny stood between Brezhnev and Kosygin. Podgorny died of
761:
commentators saw Podgorny as one of Khrushchev's many potential heirs.
734:. Podgorny's beliefs were strongly influenced by Khrushchev, and under
590:
33:
3799:
1941:
Senior Secretary of Cadres of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1094:
437:
1942-1944: Director, Moscow Technological Institute of Food Industry
628:
3707:
978:
border. In 1971 Podgorny went on two state visits, the first to the
891:
601:
578:
237:
4438:
First secretaries of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)
1188:
999:
883:
879:
839:
675:(CPU). In 1953, Podgorny was elevated to Second Secretary of the
668:
586:
41:
947:
In his capacity as head of state, Podgorny (seated right) meets
819:. Before becoming head of state, Podgorny served as the party's
1149:
987:
971:
903:
776:
and immodest behaviour. Influenced by Brezhnev and his allies,
727:
573:
Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorny was born on 18 February [
254:
994:. Podgorny frequently paid visits to North Vietnam during the
898:. Other liberal-minded Politburo members included Kosygin and
631:
in 1937 and was promoted in 1939 as the chief engineer of the
975:
963:
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749:
624:
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627:
industry. Podgorny was promoted to deputy chief engineer of
427:
Kharkiv Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine
4264:
3887:
1915:
Second Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1153:
927:. In the Politburo, Podgorny could count on the support of
844:
446:
1939–1940: Deputy People's Commissar of the Food Industry,
440:
1940–1942: Deputy People's Commissar of the Food Industry,
431:
1944-1946: Deputy People's Commissar of the Food Industry,
131:
Second Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3476:
20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3298:
22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3135:
23rd Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2937:
24th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2719:
25th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
501:
in 1931. In 1930, Podgorny became a member of the ruling
1832:
Russia's Transformation: Snapshots of a Crumbling System
1726:
1724:
1991:
1st Secretary of the Communist Party of Kharkiv Oblast
938:
4463:
Seventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
2071:
1685:
1673:
1561:
1507:
1476:
1351:"The Leading Contenders to Succeed a Tired Khrushchev"
890:
The majority of Politburo members under Brezhnev were
704:
Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
4468:
Eighth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
4448:
Fourth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
1748:
1736:
1721:
1709:
1697:
1661:
1464:
1452:
783:
4473:
Ninth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
4458:
Sixth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
4453:
Fifth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
1375:
1156:
on 12 January 1983, and was buried in Moscow at the
1115:
667:. In April 1950, he was made First Secretary of the
4538:
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
1531:
1529:
803:was formed, headed by Brezhnev as First Secretary,
764:According to historian Ilya Zemtsov, the author of
509:. By 1953, Podgorny became Second Secretary of the
470:5 February] 1903 – 12 January 1983) was a
448:
Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR
433:
Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR
1642:
1623:
1573:
1488:
1967:First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine
1321:
1249:
838:from February 1965, the newspaper criticised the
515:First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine
173:First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine
4339:
1598:
1526:
780:members voted to remove Khrushchev from office.
718:in 1960. Podgorny acted as a Soviet emissary to
4523:National University of Food Technologies alumni
962:, Podgorny delivered an intelligence report to
19:"Podgorny" redirects here. For other uses, see
851:, where he criticised the Soviet leadership's
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2921:
2703:
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1223:
621:Kiev Technological Institute of Food Industry
499:Kiev Technological Institute of Food Industry
1798:
1545:. 6 December 1971. p. 1. Archived from
1345:
1343:
793:In the aftermath of Khrushchev's removal, a
2658:Workers Party of Ukraine (Marxist–Leninist)
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1234:[nʲɪkɐˈlajˈvʲiktərəvʲɪtɕpɐdˈgornɨj]
3865:Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev
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442:Council of People's Commissars of the USSR
297:Natalya Nikolayevna Podgornaya (1908–1995)
143:14 October 1964 – 6 December 1965
70:
1359:. 29 June 1962. p. 2. Archived from
1340:
958:In 1967, just before the outbreak of the
665:Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR
647:Rise to the Soviet leadership (1942–1964)
89:of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
1290:
942:
873:
689:
486:of the Soviet Union, from 1965 to 1977.
2652:Communist Party of Workers and Peasants
2229:Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine
1871:
1826:
1754:
1742:
1730:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1679:
1667:
1567:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1427:
1393:
1381:
831:, to oppose both Podgorny and Kosygin.
655:. After the liberation of Ukraine from
185:26 December 1957 – 2 July 1963
101:9 December 1965 – 16 June 1977
16:Soviet Ukrainian politician (1903–1983)
4543:Deaths from cancer in the Soviet Union
4368:Ukrainian people in the Russian Empire
4340:
1653:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLaw1975 (
1634:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLaw1975 (
1584:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLaw1975 (
1537:"Soviet Union: Whoa, Comrade Brezhnev"
1518:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLaw1975 (
1499:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLaw1975 (
1332:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLaw1975 (
1260:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLaw1975 (
606:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
3737:
3711:
3448:
3270:
3107:
2909:
2691:
2201:
2045:
1232:
849:Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic
788:
710:and close companion of Soviet leader
619:In 1931, Podgorny graduated from the
4363:People from Konstantinogradsky Uyezd
2672:List of political parties by country
2646:Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed)
1919:October 14, 1964 – December 6, 1965
939:Diplomatic protocol as head of state
3855:Reaction to 1980–1981 Polish crisis
1852:
1803:. Iwanami Shinsho. pp. 26–29.
1648:
1629:
1579:
1513:
1494:
1327:
1278:. history.state.gov. April 10, 1971
1255:
637:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
503:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
287:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
13:
4443:Heads of state of the Soviet Union
784:Post-Khrushchev troika (1964–1977)
552:. On 6 December 1965, he replaced
14:
4559:
3898:1983 false nuclear alarm incident
2028:December 9, 1965 – June 16, 1977
1944:June 21, 1963 – December 6, 1965
1776:. 17 October 1977. Archived from
1434:. W. W. Norton & Co. p.
1403:. W. W. Norton & Co. p.
1116:Retirement, death and recognition
524:. Thereafter, as a member of the
489:Podgorny was born to a Ukrainian
4533:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
1971:December 26, 1957– July 2, 1963
532:(also known by its Russian name
528:, Podgorny formed an unofficial
513:in 1953 before later serving as
327:
4548:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
2024:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
1820:
1792:
1760:
1592:
1431:Khrushchev: The Man and His Era
1400:Khrushchev: The Man and His Era
1225:Никола́й Ви́кторович Подго́рный
1185:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
1038:
869:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
714:, he travelled with him to the
480:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
3790:Brezhnev assassination attempt
1768:"Soviet Union: Veep in Moscow"
1421:
1387:
1268:
1201:
974:troops were massing along the
863:, and took Mikoyan's place as
339:Central institution membership
1:
3780:1968 Red Square demonstration
2434:Kommunist / Radyanska Ukraina
1243:
1177:People's Republic of Bulgaria
1099:producing more consumer goods
1033:Socialist Republic of Romania
1029:People's Republic of Bulgaria
986:; Kosygin went on a visit to
970:which claimed, falsely, that
577:5 February] 1903 in
568:
416:1953–1957: Second Secretary,
374:1958–1960: Candidate member,
30:Eastern Slavic naming customs
3913:1984 Summer Olympics boycott
3835:1978 Georgian demonstrations
1607:University of Michigan Press
1306:Подгорный Николай Викторович
1216:Mykola Viktorovych Pidhornyy
474:statesman who served as the
464:Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorny
425:1950–1953: First Secretary,
411:Other political offices held
7:
3893:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
3795:Sino-Soviet border conflict
3760:Glassboro Summit Conference
2250:First (General) Secretaries
1212:Микола Вікторович Підгорний
1181:Mongolian People's Republic
1134:Grand Palace of the Kremlin
716:United Nations headquarters
698:In 1960, Podgorny became a
623:and started working in the
10:
4564:
4528:Heroes of Socialist Labour
4358:People from Poltava Oblast
3775:Invasion of Czechoslovakia
2640:Communist Party of Ukraine
2628:Socialist Party of Ukraine
2233:Communist Party of Ukraine
1071:
980:People's Republic of China
673:Communist Party of Ukraine
671:Regional Committee of the
511:Communist Party of Ukraine
418:Communist Party of Ukraine
87:Chairman of the Presidium
28:In this name that follows
27:
18:
4298:
4257:
4250:
4202:
4158:
3926:
3878:
3870:Legacy of Leonid Brezhnev
3745:
3614:
3483:
3386:
3305:
3208:
3142:
3045:
2944:
2832:
2726:
2667:
2620:
2593:
2586:
2562:
2461:
2454:
2418:
2387:
2248:
2239:
2160:
2083:
2030:
2017:
2009:
2004:
1996:
1989:
1983:
1973:
1964:
1956:
1946:
1939:
1931:
1921:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1801:Mosukuwa Tokuhain Houkoku
1599:Leng, Russell J. (2000).
1428:Taubman, William (2003).
1224:
1211:
457:
335:
323:
309:
301:
293:
282:
272:
261:
244:
230:5 February] 1903
222:
217:
213:
201:
189:
178:
171:
159:
147:
136:
129:
117:
105:
94:
85:
81:
69:
60:
53:
21:Podgorny (disambiguation)
3840:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
3830:1977 Soviet constitution
2634:Peasant Party of Ukraine
1900:Party political offices
1836:Rowman & Littlefield
1309:(in Russian). War Heroes
1305:
1194:
1066:1977 Soviet Constitution
1061:1936 Soviet Constitution
982:(PRC) and the second to
954:(seated left) in Moscow.
381:1952–1982: Full member,
351:1960–1977: Full member,
61:
2288:Nikolay Bestchetvertnoi
1828:Daniels, Robert Vincent
1169:Order of the Red Banner
990:while Brezhnev visited
892:conservative communists
853:heavy industrial policy
700:member of the Politburo
633:Kamenetz-Podolsk Oblast
466:(18 February [
3414:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
3241:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
3022:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
2809:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
2388:Decision-making bodies
1880:Transaction Publishers
1872:Zemtsov, Ilya (1989).
1853:Law, David A. (1975).
1082:Robert Vincent Daniels
1047:Kosygin by giving the
955:
887:
836:Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta
695:
493:family in the city of
226:18 February [
3755:Collective leadership
2395:Politburo / Presidium
1799:Hiroshi Imai (1985).
1106:First Deputy Chairman
946:
906:and went on numerous
877:
795:collective leadership
693:
526:collective leadership
4194:Konstantin Chernenko
3908:Uzbek cotton scandal
3850:1980 Summer Olympics
3825:1977 Moscow bombings
3632:Nuritdin Mukhitdinov
3591:Nuritdin Mukhitdinov
2875:Konstantin Chernenko
2814:Konstantin Chernenko
2603:1st (Jul.–Oct. 1918)
2366:Vladimir Scherbitsky
1855:Russian Civilization
1158:Novodevichy Cemetery
1126:President of Finland
1057:Konstantin Chernenko
558:Prague Spring crisis
266:Novodevichy Cemetery
3637:Yekaterina Furtseva
3581:Yekaterina Furtseva
3083:Mikhail Solomentsev
2885:Eduard Shevardnadze
2865:Mikhail Solomentsev
2677:Politics of Ukraine
2587:Elected by Congress
2161:Vice heads of state
1780:on January 29, 2008
1516:, pp. 211–212.
1363:on November 6, 2012
1015:diplomatic protocol
1004:Mohammad Daoud Khan
925:Berlin negotiations
916:24th Party Congress
517:from 1957 to 1963.
344:1963–1965: Member,
314:Mechanical engineer
3880:Events (1982–1985)
3815:Vladivostok Summit
3747:Events (1964–1982)
3662:Demyan Korotchenko
3521:Vyacheslav Molotov
3496:Kliment Voroshilov
3378:Alexander Shelepin
3246:Dinmukhamed Kunaev
3180:Alexander Shelepin
3012:Alexander Shelepin
2982:Dinmukhamed Kunaev
2774:Dinmukhamed Kunaev
2410:Control Commission
2294:Vyacheslav Molotov
2005:Political offices
1960:Aleksei Kirichenko
1950:Alexander Shelepin
1130:October Revolution
956:
888:
878:Podgorny visiting
825:Alexander Shelepin
809:head of government
789:Struggle for power
696:
598:Russian Revolution
596:family. After the
4335:
4334:
4331:
4330:
3927:Politburo members
3845:Soviet–Afghan War
3785:Brezhnev Doctrine
3739:Era of Stagnation
3705:
3704:
3682:Mikhail Pervukhin
3677:Vasil Mzhavanadze
3652:Jānis Kalnbērziņš
3615:Candidate members
3541:Nikita Khrushchev
3526:Mikhail Pervukhin
3506:Alexei Kirichenko
3442:
3441:
3404:Vasil Mzhavanadze
3387:Candidate members
3358:Nikita Khrushchev
3264:
3263:
3226:Vasil Mzhavanadze
3209:Candidate members
3101:
3100:
3068:Vasil Mzhavanadze
3046:Candidate members
2903:
2902:
2890:Mikhail Gorbachev
2833:Candidate members
2824:Mikhail Gorbachev
2685:
2684:
2616:
2615:
2595:Central Committee
2582:
2581:
2450:
2449:
2378:Stanislav Gurenko
2348:Alexei Kirichenko
2336:Nikita Khrushchev
2324:Nikita Khrushchev
2241:Central Committee
2195:
2194:
2040:
2039:
2031:Succeeded by
1997:Succeeded by
1974:Succeeded by
1947:Succeeded by
1922:Succeeded by
1810:978-4-00-420299-8
1146:Dmitry Nalbandyan
1142:Tretyakov Gallery
1078:late Brezhnev Era
952:Charles de Gaulle
896:Era of Stagnation
712:Nikita Khrushchev
677:Central Committee
661:Soviet Government
547:General Secretary
522:Nikita Khrushchev
461:
460:
402:Central Committee
305:Natalia and Lesia
196:Alexei Kirichenko
63:Николай Подгорный
4555:
4518:Soviet engineers
4255:
4254:
4251:National economy
3918:Friendship Games
3820:Helsinki Accords
3732:
3725:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3697:Dmitry Polyansky
3692:Nikolai Podgorny
3657:Andrei Kirilenko
3642:Nikolai Shvernik
3606:Dmitry Polyansky
3601:Nikolai Podgorny
3586:Nikolai Shvernik
3501:Lazar Kaganovich
3491:Nikolai Bulganin
3469:
3462:
3455:
3446:
3445:
3368:Andrei Kirilenko
3363:Nikolai Shvernik
3348:Dmitry Polyansky
3343:Nikolai Podgorny
3291:
3284:
3277:
3268:
3267:
3190:Dmitry Polyansky
3175:Andrei Kirilenko
3160:Nikolai Podgorny
3128:
3121:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3002:Dmitry Polyansky
2997:Nikolai Podgorny
2967:Andrei Kirilenko
2930:
2923:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2880:Nikolai Tikhonov
2870:Vasili Kuznetsov
2819:Nikolai Tikhonov
2789:Nikolai Podgorny
2759:Andrei Kirilenko
2712:
2705:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2591:
2590:
2459:
2458:
2455:Party assemblies
2372:Vladimir Ivashko
2354:Nikolai Podgorny
2330:Lazar Kaganovich
2318:Stanislav Kosior
2312:Lazar Kaganovich
2300:Dmitry Manuilsky
2282:Stanislav Kosior
2246:
2245:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2199:
2198:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2043:
2042:
2010:Preceded by
1984:Preceded by
1957:Preceded by
1932:Preceded by
1905:Preceded by
1897:
1896:
1893:
1868:
1857:. Ardent Media.
1849:
1815:
1814:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1549:on April 8, 2008
1533:
1524:
1523:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1395:Taubman, William
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1301:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1253:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1213:
1205:
1110:Vasili Kuznetsov
949:French President
900:Andrei Kirilenko
821:Second Secretary
331:
251:
218:Personal details
204:
192:
183:
162:
150:
141:
120:
108:
99:
76:Podgorny in 1963
74:
64:
55:Nikolai Podgorny
51:
50:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4327:
4300:Five-year plans
4294:
4246:
4198:
4154:
3928:
3922:
3874:
3805:1973 oil crisis
3741:
3736:
3706:
3701:
3647:Dmitri Shepilov
3622:Leonid Brezhnev
3610:
3566:Nikolai Ignatov
3556:Leonid Brezhnev
3551:Nikolai Belyaev
3516:Anastas Mikoyan
3511:Georgy Malenkov
3479:
3473:
3443:
3438:
3409:Sharof Rashidov
3382:
3338:Anastas Mikoyan
3318:Gennady Voronov
3313:Leonid Brezhnev
3301:
3295:
3265:
3260:
3231:Sharof Rashidov
3204:
3170:Gennady Voronov
3150:Leonid Brezhnev
3138:
3132:
3102:
3097:
3093:Grigory Romanov
3088:Boris Ponomarev
3073:Sharof Rashidov
3041:
2957:Gennady Voronov
2952:Leonid Brezhnev
2940:
2934:
2904:
2899:
2895:Tikhon Kiselyov
2860:Sharof Rashidov
2855:Boris Ponomarev
2828:
2794:Grigory Romanov
2739:Leonid Brezhnev
2722:
2716:
2686:
2681:
2663:
2612:
2608:2nd (1918–1919)
2578:
2558:
2446:
2414:
2383:
2342:Leonid Melnikov
2306:Emanuel Kviring
2276:Georgy Pyatakov
2270:Emanuel Kviring
2264:Serafima Hopner
2258:Georgy Pyatakov
2235:
2226:
2196:
2191:
2156:
2079:
2070:
2036:
2034:Leonid Brezhnev
2027:
2015:
2013:Anastas Mikoyan
2000:
1993:
1987:
1986:Viktor Churayev
1979:
1970:
1962:
1952:
1943:
1937:
1927:
1918:
1910:
1908:Leonid Brezhnev
1890:
1865:
1846:
1823:
1818:
1811:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1729:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1609:. p. 152.
1597:
1593:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1229:
1218:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1165:Orders of Lenin
1118:
1090:Grigory Romanov
1080:. According to
1074:
1041:
966:Vice President
941:
929:Gennady Voronov
920:Soviet politics
813:Anastas Mikoyan
791:
786:
770:First Secretary
736:Leonid Brezhnev
649:
571:
554:Anastas Mikoyan
550:Leonid Brezhnev
507:planned economy
453:
452:
413:
412:
407:
406:
341:
340:
283:Political party
253:
249:
248:12 January 1983
231:
202:
190:
184:
179:
160:
154:Leonid Brezhnev
148:
142:
137:
124:Leonid Brezhnev
118:
112:Anastas Mikoyan
106:
100:
95:
88:
77:
65:
62:
56:
49:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4561:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4304:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4285:Food Programme
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4261:
4259:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4237:Tikhonov's 1st
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4180:
4175:
4164:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3903:Able Archer 83
3900:
3895:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3860:Exercise Zapad
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3810:Fall of Saigon
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3735:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3712:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3687:Pyotr Pospelov
3684:
3679:
3674:
3672:Kirill Mazurov
3669:
3667:Alexei Kosygin
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3596:Alexei Kosygin
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3546:Averky Aristov
3543:
3538:
3536:Mikhail Suslov
3533:
3531:Maksim Saburov
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3472:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3449:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3434:Dmitry Ustinov
3431:
3429:Pyotr Demichev
3426:
3421:
3419:Leonid Efremov
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3399:Kirill Mazurov
3396:
3394:Viktor Grishin
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3353:Mikhail Suslov
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3328:Alexei Kosygin
3325:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3294:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3271:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3251:Pyotr Masherov
3248:
3243:
3238:
3236:Dmitry Ustinov
3233:
3228:
3223:
3221:Viktor Grishin
3218:
3216:Pyotr Demichev
3212:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3185:Kirill Mazurov
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3165:Mikhail Suslov
3162:
3157:
3155:Alexei Kosygin
3152:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3131:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3078:Dmitry Ustinov
3075:
3070:
3065:
3063:Pyotr Masherov
3060:
3058:Pyotr Demichev
3055:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3037:Andrei Gromyko
3034:
3032:Andrei Grechko
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3007:Mikhail Suslov
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2987:Kirill Mazurov
2984:
2979:
2977:Fyodor Kulakov
2974:
2972:Alexei Kosygin
2969:
2964:
2962:Viktor Grishin
2959:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2933:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2850:Pyotr Masherov
2847:
2845:Pyotr Demichev
2842:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2804:Dmitry Ustinov
2801:
2799:Mikhail Suslov
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2779:Kirill Mazurov
2776:
2771:
2769:Fyodor Kulakov
2766:
2764:Alexei Kosygin
2761:
2756:
2754:Andrei Gromyko
2751:
2749:Viktor Grishin
2746:
2744:Andrei Grechko
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2715:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2692:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2441:Pravda Ukrainy
2437:
2430:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2254:
2252:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2087:
2085:
2084:Heads of state
2081:
2080:
2073:Heads of state
2069:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1925:Mikhail Suslov
1923:
1920:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1869:
1863:
1850:
1844:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1791:
1759:
1747:
1735:
1720:
1708:
1696:
1694:, p. 119.
1684:
1682:, p. 118.
1672:
1660:
1651:, p. 212.
1641:
1632:, p. 429.
1622:
1615:
1591:
1582:, p. 169.
1572:
1570:, p. 103.
1560:
1525:
1506:
1497:, p. 211.
1487:
1485:, p. 105.
1475:
1463:
1451:
1444:
1420:
1413:
1386:
1374:
1339:
1330:, p. 223.
1320:
1289:
1267:
1258:, p. 214.
1247:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1138:Andrei Gromyko
1117:
1114:
1086:Sovietologists
1073:
1070:
1059:to review the
1040:
1037:
940:
937:
857:Mikhail Suslov
805:Alexei Kosygin
790:
787:
785:
782:
743:Alexei Kosygin
720:Czechoslovakia
648:
645:
583:Russian Empire
570:
567:
543:Alexei Kosygin
459:
458:
455:
454:
451:
450:
444:
438:
435:
429:
423:
420:
410:
409:
408:
405:
404:
379:
372:
349:
338:
337:
336:
333:
332:
325:
321:
320:
311:
307:
306:
303:
299:
298:
295:
291:
290:
284:
280:
279:
274:
270:
269:
263:
259:
258:
257:, Soviet Union
252:(aged 79)
246:
242:
241:
234:Russian Empire
224:
220:
219:
215:
214:
211:
210:
205:
199:
198:
193:
187:
186:
176:
175:
169:
168:
166:Mikhail Suslov
163:
157:
156:
151:
145:
144:
134:
133:
127:
126:
121:
115:
114:
109:
103:
102:
92:
91:
83:
82:
79:
78:
75:
67:
66:
58:
57:
54:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4560:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4212:Kosygin's 1st
4210:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4189:Yuri Andropov
4187:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3770:Prague Spring
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3733:
3728:
3726:
3721:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Georgy Zhukov
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3576:Otto Kuusinen
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3561:Georgy Zhukov
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3470:
3465:
3463:
3458:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3424:Petro Shelest
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3373:Petro Shelest
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:Otto Kuusinen
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3292:
3287:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3257:
3256:Yuri Andropov
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:Petro Shelest
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3136:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3053:Yuri Andropov
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3027:Yuri Andropov
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3017:Petro Shelest
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2931:
2926:
2924:
2919:
2917:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2840:Heydar Aliyev
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:Yuri Andropov
2732:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2713:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2008:
2003:
1999:Vitaliy Titov
1992:
1982:
1978:
1977:Pyotr Shelest
1969:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1891:
1889:0-88738-260-6
1885:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1870:
1866:
1864:0-8422-0529-2
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1845:0-8476-8709-0
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1757:, p. 39.
1756:
1751:
1745:, p. 38.
1744:
1739:
1733:, p. 37.
1732:
1727:
1725:
1718:, p. 36.
1717:
1712:
1706:, p. 35.
1705:
1700:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1670:, p. 97.
1669:
1664:
1656:
1650:
1645:
1637:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1616:0-472-06703-6
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1595:
1587:
1581:
1576:
1569:
1564:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1521:
1515:
1510:
1502:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1479:
1473:, p. 88.
1472:
1467:
1461:, p. 87.
1460:
1455:
1447:
1445:0-393-05144-7
1441:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1414:0-393-05144-7
1410:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1390:
1384:, p. 74.
1383:
1378:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1352:
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914:In 1971, the
912:
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705:
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40: and the
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26:
22:
4182:
4116:Shevardnadze
4101:Shcherbytsky
4075:
3691:
3600:
3484:Full members
3342:
3306:Full members
3200:Arvīds Pelše
3159:
3143:Full members
2996:
2992:Arvīds Pelše
2945:Full members
2788:
2784:Arvīds Pelše
2727:Full members
2439:
2432:
2425:
2419:Publications
2360:Petr Shelest
2353:
2120:
2077:Soviet Union
2018:
1990:
1965:
1940:
1913:
1874:
1854:
1831:
1821:Bibliography
1800:
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1778:the original
1771:
1762:
1755:Daniels 1998
1750:
1743:Daniels 1998
1738:
1731:Daniels 1998
1716:Daniels 1998
1711:
1704:Daniels 1998
1699:
1692:Zemtsov 1989
1687:
1680:Zemtsov 1989
1675:
1668:Zemtsov 1989
1663:
1644:
1625:
1601:
1594:
1575:
1568:Zemtsov 1989
1563:
1551:. Retrieved
1547:the original
1540:
1509:
1490:
1483:Zemtsov 1989
1478:
1471:Zemtsov 1989
1466:
1459:Zemtsov 1989
1454:
1430:
1423:
1399:
1389:
1382:Zemtsov 1989
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1361:the original
1354:
1323:
1311:. Retrieved
1280:. Retrieved
1270:
1251:
1215:
1203:
1162:
1119:
1103:
1075:
1054:
1042:
1039:Later tenure
1025:East Germany
1018:
1012:
957:
913:
908:state visits
889:
835:
833:
829:KGB chairman
798:
792:
765:
763:
747:
724:East Germany
697:
681:agricultural
657:Nazi Germany
653:World War II
650:
641:Soviet Union
618:
614:Soviet Union
610:ruling party
572:
538:) alongside
533:
519:
488:
463:
462:
348:Secretariat
250:(1983-01-12)
203:Succeeded by
180:
161:Succeeded by
138:
119:Succeeded by
96:
45:
37:
25:
4353:1983 deaths
4348:1903 births
4204:Governments
4126:Solomentsev
4066:Mzhavanadze
3765:Six-Day War
3571:Frol Kozlov
3478:(1956–1959)
3323:Frol Kozlov
3300:(1961–1966)
3137:(1966–1971)
2939:(1971–1976)
2721:(1976–1981)
2654:(2001–2015)
2648:(2000–2015)
2642:(1993–2015)
2630:(1991–2022)
2563:Conferences
2555:28th (1990)
2552:27th (1986)
2549:26th (1981)
2546:25th (1976)
2543:24th (1971)
2540:23rd (1966)
2537:22nd (1961)
2534:21st (1960)
2531:20th (1959)
2528:19th (1956)
2525:18th (1954)
2522:17th (1952)
2519:16th (1949)
2516:15th (1940)
2513:14th (1938)
2510:13th (1937)
2507:12th (1934)
2504:11th (1930)
2501:10th (1927)
2427:Visti VUCVK
2400:Secretariat
2380:(1990–1991)
2374:(1989–1990)
2368:(1972–1989)
2362:(1963–1972)
2356:(1957–1963)
2350:(1953–1957)
2344:(1949–1953)
2338:(1947–1949)
2326:(1938–1947)
2320:(1928–1938)
2314:(1925–1928)
2308:(1923–1925)
2302:(1921–1923)
2296:(1920–1921)
2272:(1918–1919)
2188:(1990–1991)
2182:(1988–1990)
2176:(1986–1988)
2170:(1977–1986)
2153:(1988–1991)
2147:(1985–1988)
2141:(1984–1985)
2135:(1983–1984)
2129:(1977–1982)
2123:(1965–1977)
2117:(1964–1965)
2111:(1960–1964)
2105:(1953–1960)
2099:(1946–1953)
2093:(1922–1946)
1935:Frol Kozlov
1313:18 November
1008:Afghanistan
996:Vietnam War
968:Anwar Sadat
960:Six-Day War
861:Secretariat
797:known as a
774:voluntarism
759:First World
530:Triumvirate
289:(1930–1976)
273:Nationality
191:Preceded by
149:Preceded by
107:Preceded by
42:family name
38:Viktorovich
4342:Categories
4151:Vorotnikov
2621:Successors
2575:3rd (1932)
2572:2nd (1929)
2569:1st (1926)
2498:9th (1925)
2495:8th (1924)
2492:7th (1923)
2489:6th (1921)
2486:5th (1920)
2483:4th (1920)
2479:3rd (1919)
2474:2nd (1918)
2469:1st (1918)
2462:Congresses
2103:Voroshilov
1994:1950–1953
1784:23 January
1553:24 January
1367:24 January
1244:References
1173:Bangladesh
992:Yugoslavia
732:Yugoslavia
569:Early life
378:Presidium
371:Politburo
310:Profession
240:, Ukraine)
232:Karlovka,
34:patronymic
4323:11th plan
4318:10th plan
4086:Ponomarev
4081:Polyansky
4046:Kuznetsov
4021:Kirilenko
4001:Gorbachev
3981:Chernenko
3976:Chebrikov
2168:Kuznetsov
2151:Gorbachev
2139:Chernenko
1208:Ukrainian
1049:Presidium
778:Politburo
629:Vinnytsia
591:Ukrainian
563:Politburo
353:20th/21st
324:Signature
181:In office
139:In office
97:In office
4313:9th plan
4308:8th plan
4183:Podgorny
4173:Brezhnev
4136:Tikhonov
4121:Shvernik
4106:Shelepin
4091:Rashidov
4076:Podgorny
4051:Masherov
4026:Kiselyov
3986:Demichev
3971:Brezhnev
3966:Andropov
2180:Lukyanov
2174:Demichev
2133:Andropov
2127:Brezhnev
2121:Podgorny
2109:Brezhnev
2097:Shvernik
2020:Chairman
1830:(1998).
1649:Law 1975
1630:Law 1975
1580:Law 1975
1514:Law 1975
1495:Law 1975
1397:(2003).
1328:Law 1975
1256:Law 1975
1031:and the
964:Egyptian
886:in 1969.
865:Chairman
602:Komsomol
589:), to a
579:Karlovka
495:Karlovka
476:Chairman
397:, &
385:, 21st,
302:Children
268:, Moscow
238:Karlivka
46:Podgorny
4258:Reforms
4178:Kosygin
4160:Leaders
4146:Voronov
4141:Ustinov
4111:Shelest
4096:Romanov
4061:Mikoyan
4056:Mazurov
4041:Kulakov
4036:Kosygin
4016:Gromyko
4011:Grishin
4006:Grechko
3996:Efremov
3991:Dolgikh
3800:Détente
2405:Orgburo
2186:Yanayev
2145:Gromyko
2115:Mikoyan
2091:Kalinin
2075:of the
2022:of the
1282:6 March
1220:Russian
1189:Finland
1132:at the
1095:détente
1072:Removal
1045:Premier
1000:Finland
972:Israeli
884:Finland
880:Tampere
867:of the
840:Kharkiv
740:Premier
708:protégé
669:Kharkiv
612:of the
587:Ukraine
540:Premier
478:of the
4169:Troika
4131:Suslov
4031:Kunaev
3961:Aliyev
2660:(2012)
2636:(1992)
2332:(1947)
2290:(1920)
2284:(1919)
2278:(1919)
2266:(1918)
2260:(1918)
1886:
1861:
1842:
1807:
1613:
1442:
1411:
1222::
1187:, and
1183:, the
1179:, the
1175:, the
1167:, one
1150:cancer
1124:, the
1027:, the
988:Canada
976:Syrian
904:Moscow
827:, the
811:, and
800:troika
730:, and
728:Canada
685:cadres
608:, the
535:Troika
482:, the
472:Soviet
367:&
294:Spouse
277:Soviet
255:Moscow
32:, the
4071:Pelše
1195:Notes
755:grain
625:sugar
585:(now
236:(now
4290:1984
4280:1979
4275:1973
4270:1965
4265:OGAS
4167:The
3952:26th
3947:25th
3942:24th
3937:23rd
3932:22nd
3888:RYAN
2231:and
1884:ISBN
1859:ISBN
1840:ISBN
1805:ISBN
1786:2011
1773:Time
1655:help
1636:help
1611:ISBN
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1520:help
1501:help
1440:ISBN
1409:ISBN
1369:2011
1356:Time
1334:help
1315:2010
1284:2018
1262:help
1230:IPA:
1154:Kiev
1097:and
1020:Time
1002:and
931:and
923:the
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750:corn
575:O.S.
545:and
468:O.S.
399:25th
395:24th
391:23rd
387:22nd
383:20th
376:20th
369:25th
365:24th
361:23rd
357:22nd
346:22nd
245:Died
228:O.S.
223:Born
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