156:
626:
186:
338:
and the Indian-Eurasian offspring were isolated from the pure-blood
Portuguese and other castes. This isolation led them to intermarry and children began learning the pidgin their parents spoke. The Korlai creole emerged among the slaves and their offspring who converted to Christianity and became a part of the Portuguese community while still adhering to existing caste distinctions. The social isolation this community faced contributed to the maintenance and growth of Korlai creole.
193:
163:
327:
337:
The development of the language can be traced back to the 1500s with the conception of the new element of society, the native Indian
Catholics and Eurasian offspring. The existing caste system within India had a great influence on the creation of KCP (Korlai Creole Portuguese). The Eurasian offspring
359:
Chaul was an important trade city near Korlai and was first visited by the
Portuguese in 1505. This area was previously under the Muslim rule from 1318. The Portuguese and the Muslim ruler maintained a friendly relation, however, the relation soon experienced tension and a war broke out. During this
350:
and a few
Maratha communities. Apart from the geographical and occupational differences, the Kristi community differentiates itself linguistically, by the use of 'nɔ ling', an important marker of their identity. However, with the changing times and better connectivity between Korlai and the rest of
341:
In today's context, the Kristi community is geographically separated from the rest as the community lives in the 'varcha bhag' . The community also differs from the rest of the area occupationally. Korlai Creole
Portuguese speakers are agriculturists whereas the other dominant occupation is of
393:
Korlai
Portuguese vowels are similar to the Middle Portuguese, which was spoken by Portuguese soldiers that came to the region. The sole difference being the point of articulation of the central vowel. Both Marathi and Korlai Creole Portuguese had a decline in nasal vowels and this process of
380:
were mainly
Christian converts. The Portuguese abandoned Chaul and the hill to move to Goa in 1740. After the departure of the Portuguese, many Christians moved to other Portuguese territories while the Christians of the lower-castes moved closer to the church as the
351:
the world, the language evolving. The newer generation prefers the use of
Marathi as it is dominant language of the state and the insistence of the Church in order to create unison. This is causing a huge influence of Marathi on the language and its development.
364:, i.e. Portuguese men married the native women who were living outside the Chaul fort along with a large number of Hindu and Muslim shopkeepers. In 1594, the Portuguese took over the fort along with Korlai in the valley of the
278:
by the speakers themselves, which translates to "our language" in the creole. The speakers are a part of a very close-knit community, and refer to themselves as the
218:
155:
981:
767:
185:
398:
is connected for both languages. In the younger generation, Korlai Creole
Portuguese also shows an increase in the borrowing of Marathi
991:
776:
689:
760:
141:
871:
267:
976:
753:
407:
287:
850:
844:
625:
893:
866:
861:
135:
887:
836:
79:
74:
855:
283:
255:
646:"Portuguese Settlement of the Chaul/korlai Area and the Formation of Korlai Creole Portuguese"
986:
795:
310:. The speakers are of a homogenous Roman Catholic pocket in an area otherwise dominated by
8:
955:
790:
259:
904:
826:
731:
307:
127:
949:
910:
899:
816:
685:
69:
745:
657:
927:
372:'Our Lady of the Sea' was built on the hill. The slaves and the offspring of the
315:
303:
295:
291:
271:
61:
811:
403:
395:
382:
347:
311:
662:
645:
970:
682:
The
Genesis of a Language: The Formation and Development of Korlai Portuguese
613:
233:
220:
821:
399:
111:
343:
331:
299:
263:
262:, spoken by approximately 1,000 inhabitants of the Korlai village at the
735:
945:
618:
120:
104:
719:
368:(hill). By 1630, a small Christian community grew when the church,
410:, which could be attributed to increased influence of Marathi.
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
549:
42:
698:
513:
um, dois, três, quatro, cinco, seis, sete, oito, nove, dez
321:
326:
388:
775:
717:
406:but recent data shows the language now utilizes a
724:Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute
968:
569:
509:ũ, doy, tre, kwat, sink, sey, set, oyt, nob, dey
402:items. Clements indicated that the language had
192:
162:
720:"Revisiting Korlai: A Case of Language Contact"
675:
673:
639:
637:
635:
354:
761:
290:. Korlai is situated in the Raigad district (
670:
632:
282:community bound by their affiliation to the
718:Paradkar, Ruta; De Athayde, Amanda (2015).
768:
754:
661:
684:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.
679:
643:
575:Ai, contra minha vontade foi a Madalena,
533:All are eating and drinking their fill:
325:
270:. Their speech is referred to as Korlai
322:Development of Korlai Creole Portuguese
969:
413:
749:
982:Portuguese-based pidgins and creoles
593:Oh, against my will it was Madalena,
389:Features of Korlai Creole Portuguese
539:toda a gente come e bebe até fartar
13:
607:
330:The village of Korlai viewed from
14:
1003:
777:Portuguese-based creole languages
624:
595:Dressed in leaves and branches!
555:Ai, contra ma ja foi a Madulena,
191:
184:
161:
154:
274:, Korlai Portuguese, Kristi or
16:Indo-Portuguese creole of India
1:
600:
535:tud gent cumen beben tem fart
266:, a former possession of the
939:Portuguese lexical influence
680:Clements, J. Clancy (1996).
644:Clements, J. Clancy (2015).
385:took control of the region.
268:Portuguese in Goa and Bombay
7:
992:Portuguese language in Asia
650:Journal of Language Contact
355:Socio-historical Background
10:
1008:
302:, 150 kilometers south of
288:Roman Catholicism in India
936:
920:
880:
851:Cannanore Indo-Portuguese
835:
804:
783:
663:10.1163/19552629-00801002
214:
148:
134:
118:
102:
97:
58:
48:
38:
31:
26:
21:
862:Daman and Diu Portuguese
614:Korlai Portuguese creole
564:Portuguese translation:
199:Korlai Portuguese creole
169:Korlai Portuguese creole
85:Korlai Portuguese creole
80:Northern Indo-Portuguese
22:Korlai Portuguese creole
907:or Papiá Tugu (extinct)
571:Maldita Maria Madalena,
551:Maldita Maria Madulena,
550:
175:Show map of Maharashtra
867:Korlai Indo-Portuguese
856:Cochin Indo-Portuguese
598:
589:Cursed Maria Madalena,
582:
570:
562:
334:
318:speaking inhabitants.
284:Christian denomination
256:Indo-Portuguese creole
872:Sri Lankan Portuguese
591:Cursed Beautiful one,
586:
584:English translation:
566:
546:
329:
796:Guinea-Bissau Creole
370:Nossa Senhora do Mar
937:Creoles with strong
791:Cape Verdean Creole
260:Portuguese language
234:18.5232°N 72.9195°E
230: /
977:Languages of India
845:Bengali Portuguese
335:
308:Maharashtra, India
964:
963:
950:Judaeo-Papiamento
894:Flores Portuguese
622:(25th ed., 2022)
523:Primeiro, Segundo
342:fishers from the
252:Korlai Portuguese
249:
248:
205:Show map of India
70:Portuguese Creole
999:
888:Bidau Portuguese
770:
763:
756:
747:
746:
740:
739:
715:
696:
695:
677:
668:
667:
665:
641:
630:
629:
628:
611:
579:
577:Vestida de mata!
573:Maldita Formosa,
559:
557:Vastida de mata!
553:Maldita firmosa,
544:Song of Korlai:
442:You (singular):
298:named after the
245:
244:
242:
241:
240:
239:18.5232; 72.9195
235:
231:
228:
227:
226:
223:
206:
195:
194:
188:
176:
165:
164:
158:
144:
130:
114:
107:
64:
19:
18:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
996:
967:
966:
965:
960:
938:
932:
916:
881:Southeast Asian
876:
837:Indo-Portuguese
831:
800:
779:
774:
744:
743:
716:
699:
692:
678:
671:
642:
633:
623:
612:
608:
603:
597:
594:
592:
590:
581:
576:
574:
572:
561:
556:
554:
552:
517:First, Second:
419:
414:Examples of Nɔ
391:
357:
324:
316:Marathi-Konkani
304:Mumbai (Bombay)
296:Konkan division
292:Colaba district
238:
236:
232:
229:
224:
221:
219:
217:
216:
210:
209:
208:
207:
204:
203:
202:
201:
200:
196:
179:
178:
177:
174:
173:
172:
171:
170:
166:
140:
126:
110:
103:
93:
75:Indo-Portuguese
65:
62:Language family
60:
54:800 (2015)
51:
50:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
1005:
995:
994:
989:
984:
979:
962:
961:
959:
958:
953:
942:
940:
934:
933:
931:
930:
924:
922:
918:
917:
915:
914:
908:
902:
900:Papiá Kristang
897:
891:
884:
882:
878:
877:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
853:
848:
841:
839:
833:
832:
830:
829:
824:
819:
814:
808:
806:
805:Gulf of Guinea
802:
801:
799:
798:
793:
787:
785:
781:
780:
773:
772:
765:
758:
750:
742:
741:
697:
690:
669:
631:
605:
604:
602:
599:
587:
567:
547:
542:
541:
531:
527:How are you?:
525:
515:
505:
495:
487:You (plural):
485:
475:
460:
452:You (formal):
450:
440:
430:
428:Muito Obrigado
422:Thanks a lot:
418:
412:
408:SOV word order
404:SVO word order
396:denasalisation
390:
387:
356:
353:
323:
320:
312:Konkani Muslim
247:
246:
212:
211:
198:
197:
190:
189:
183:
182:
181:
180:
168:
167:
160:
159:
153:
152:
151:
150:
149:
146:
145:
138:
132:
131:
124:
116:
115:
108:
100:
99:
98:Language codes
95:
94:
92:
91:
90:
89:
88:
87:
68:
66:
59:
56:
55:
52:
49:
46:
45:
40:
39:Native to
36:
35:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1004:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
972:
957:
954:
951:
947:
944:
943:
941:
935:
929:
926:
925:
923:
919:
912:
909:
906:
903:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
885:
883:
879:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
857:
854:
852:
849:
846:
843:
842:
840:
838:
834:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
807:
803:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
786:
782:
778:
771:
766:
764:
759:
757:
752:
751:
748:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
693:
691:90-272-5238-6
687:
683:
676:
674:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
640:
638:
636:
627:
621:
620:
615:
610:
606:
596:
585:
580:
578:
565:
560:
558:
545:
540:
537:; From Port.
536:
532:
530:
529:Use, kile te?
526:
524:
521:; From Port.
520:
519:Primer, Sigun
516:
514:
511:; From Port.
510:
506:
504:
501:; from Port.
500:
496:
494:
491:; From Port.
490:
486:
484:
481:; From Port.
480:
476:
473:
469:
466:; From Port.
465:
461:
459:
456:; From Port.
455:
451:
449:
446:; From Port.
445:
441:
439:
436:; From Port.
435:
431:
429:
425:
424:Muit'obrigad!
421:
420:
417:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
386:
384:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
352:
349:
345:
339:
333:
328:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:based on the
257:
253:
243:
215:Coordinates:
213:
187:
157:
147:
143:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
123:
122:
117:
113:
109:
106:
101:
96:
86:
83:
82:
81:
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
71:
67:
63:
57:
53:
47:
44:
41:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
784:Upper Guinea
727:
723:
681:
656:(1): 13–35.
653:
649:
617:
609:
588:
583:
568:
563:
548:
543:
538:
534:
528:
522:
518:
512:
508:
502:
498:
492:
488:
482:
478:
471:
467:
463:
462:He and She:
457:
453:
447:
443:
437:
433:
427:
423:
415:
392:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
358:
340:
336:
279:
275:
251:
250:
136:Linguasphere
119:
84:
32:
987:Luso-Indian
827:Principense
730:: 203–214.
503:eles outros
426:From Port.
332:Korlai Fort
300:Colaba fort
264:Korlai fort
237: /
971:Categories
956:Saramaccan
946:Papiamento
921:East Asian
817:Annobonese
619:Ethnologue
601:References
507:Numerals:
493:vós outros
314:and Hindu
225:72°55′10″E
222:18°31′24″N
142:51-AAC-agc
913:(extinct)
905:Mardijker
896:(extinct)
890:(extinct)
858:(extinct)
847:(extinct)
470:(he) and
360:time 600
294:) of the
121:Glottolog
105:ISO 639-3
928:Macanese
911:Portugis
736:26264737
383:Marathas
378:soldadas
346:, Mali,
276:Nɔw-ling
128:korl1238
33:Nou Ling
812:Angolar
400:lexical
374:casados
362:casados
734:
688:
497:They:
280:Kristi
272:creole
254:is an
27:Kristi
822:Forro
732:JSTOR
474:(she)
366:marro
348:Agari
306:, in
286:, of
43:India
686:ISBN
489:udzó
477:We:
458:você
416:Ling
376:and
344:Koli
658:doi
616:at
499:eló
483:nós
472:ela
468:ele
454:usé
448:vós
432:I:
112:vkp
973::
728:75
726:.
722:.
700:^
672:^
652:.
648:.
634:^
479:no
464:el
444:wo
438:eu
434:yo
952:)
948:(
769:e
762:t
755:v
738:.
694:.
666:.
660::
654:8
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