259:
4777:
4789:
63:
22:
4813:
4801:
129:
1156:
or bean cake, and ocean (seaweed, fish waste). The bulk of the material is high-protein animal matter with added plant matter. During fermentation, periodic turning is used to keep temperatures below 50 °C. Excess heat or moisture can produce an unpleasant/foul smell, signaling that the batch is
1041:
and consumes young rice seedlings. Proper water management and transplanting the rice seedlings can mitigate its effects. Due to its high protein content (12%), kohol may be used to manufacture a crop amendment referred to as kohol amino acid (KAA), as an alternative to FAA in inland regions who do
1829:
to crops at different stages of crop development. Foliar delivery reduce the amount of nutrients required, since they are delivered directly to the plant. Young seedlings with smaller root systems can still be effectively nourished during the reproductive stage when root activity decreases. Foliar
1579:
and a few bamboo leaves in a shady area protected from rain left 4–5 days attracts and nourishes local microorganisms. Microorganisms from a somewhat higher altitude than the target fields tend to be more robust. Successful recruitment is indicated by the presence of a white fuzz. Black, green or
1482:
that has been designed to produce high surface area per unit volume and small amounts of residual resins. Biochar serves as a catalyst that enhances plant uptake of nutrients and water. Its surface area and porosity enable it to adsorb or retain nutrients and water and provide a microorganism
1045:
The kohol are fermented in the usual way by diluting with BS/J and water and adding IMO3, after boiling to kill the animals and separate them from their shells. Fermentation takes 7–10 days after which remaining solids are removed. During storage, additional BS/J is added to nourish the IMO.
2192:
Natural
Farming was adopted by the South Korean government after successful trials growing rice in one county, where every farmer followed the practice. They increased yields, saved money on inputs and obtained a price premium. Rivers and coastal waters experienced environmental benefits.
907:
that flourish in/around the fields that are undergoing cultivation or the plants to be cultivated there, harvested in the morning after a dry day. Rain may wash away microbes from the plant, inhibiting proper fermentation, and before sunrise, plant chemistry is more ideal for FPJ.
791:
After flowering is complete, the plant shifts its focus to bringing its fruit to full ripeness. Calcium enhances the size and sweetness of the plant and its fruit. KNF prefers the use of a preparation of pulverized eggshells in BRV (brown rice vinegar) for this phase.
1551:
In KNF existing soil is amended by a mixture of cultured microorganisms, biochar and growth media. Microorganisms accelerate the conversion of organic compounds and other nutrients from dead plants and animals into a readily-absorbable form. Outputs can include
308:
The fundamental insight of KNF is to strengthen the biological functions of each aspect of plant growth in order to increase the productivity and nutrition. Biology thereby reduces or eliminates the need for chemical interventions, whether to protect against
2080:
AIA and FIA devices are installed at the height of fruits or leaves in and around the field. They are usually employed during the peak of the reproductive growth of fruit-bearing plants and during the height of vegetative growth of leafy vegetables.
222:
KNF emphasizes self-sufficiency by limiting external inputs and relying on recycled farm waste to produce biologically active inputs. While this practice has grown in popularity, scientific evidence of the benefits of KNF is relatively limited.
2557:
1967:
Alternatively, apply water-soluble calcium phosphate WCAP (diluted 1:1000) or a mixture of water-soluble phosphorus WPA and WSCA. WSCA helps the plant to accumulate nutrients in flower buds, improving future yields and fruit quality.
274:) and gradually invented what is now called Korean natural farming. He put it into practice by setting up a "Labour-Saving Abundant Harvesting Study Group" in 1966. He opened the Natural Farming Life School and Research Farm in
1469:
water carries beneficial microbes. Fermenting this water (diluted 30:1 with freshwater and again 200:1 with rice-washed water), OHN and mugwort/dropwort diluted FPJ, uncovered, for a few days increases microbial populations.
844:, which contains excess moisture. Fermentation takes place in a dark, cool area and the results must be refrigerated or kept in a cool environment. The ideal temperature for fermentation is 23–25 °C (73–77 °F).
434:
constitutes 70–75%, bacteria 20–25% and small animals the rest. The microorganisms contain approximately 70 kg of carbon and 11 kg of nitrogen, similar to the amount of nitrogen typically applied as fertilizer.
633:
and plant roots (rhiza). This provides an interface between plants and soil. The fungus grows into the roots of crops and out into the soil, increasing the root system many thousand-fold. The fungi use their
2251:, it brought pigs into the city, setting off violent protests over the odour. It then dispatched two officials to South Korea to study Natural Farming. KNF techniques successfully eliminated the odour. The
1339:
is soluble in acids, but insoluble in water. Bones including FAA leftovers can be converted into a source of bio-accessible calcium, phosphate and other minerals by boiling them to create a traditional
1195:
oil residue/fish waste/bone meal/crab shell/bean cake oil mix, amended with KNF inputs and dampened to reach 50–60% moisture content. The mixture is covered with rice straw sprayed with WSP or biochar.
2564:
1284:, or other shells can be turned into an excellent source of bio-available, water-soluble calcium (WSCA). Adequate Ca prevents overgrowth, firms fruit, prolongs durability, promotes the absorption of
1316:
WSCA is produced by grilling and crushing cleaned egg shells and steeping them in BRV until no bubbles are present. The bubbles indicate that the vinegar is reacting with organic matter to produce
1313:, while root vegetables become spongy/hollow, lack sugar and fragrance and lack durability in storage. Rice and barley may display low starch, lack of luster and fragrance, and low resistance.
2014:
into soil and thereby allows the piggery to operate without the noxious emissions that have afflicted hog production since agriculture began. With no effluent, the piggery no longer attracts
1344:. The (edible) broth is removed from the bone residue and the bones are burnt to charcoal at low heat. The bones are diluted with 10x BRV and steeped until the bubbling stops (7–10 days).
891:
Fermented plant juice (FPJ) allows material produced by successful plants to be reincorporated into other plants. When BS/J is combined with plant material, plant juices are secreted via
800:
KNF uses a variety of amendments either to directly enhance plant growth or to enhance IMO proliferation. Note: all water first stands in an open container for several days to allow
2396:
1817:
adds nutrients and microorganisms to depleted soil. Alternatively, FMC can produce liquid fertilizer by placing it in a cloth bag and immersing in water with other KNF inputs.
1249:
into a form suitable for absorption by plants, by making them water-soluble. Many inorganic mineral sources cannot be processed by plants. The resulting solutions may contain
243:, started the Korean natural farming method. Cho completed his high school education at the age of twenty-nine while still working on his family's farm. In 1965, he went to
1164:, and bean oil cake and water to reach 60% moisture level (damp enough that the material maintains its shape when squeezed by hand). The mixture produces hormones such as
1638:, turning as needed to ensure that its internal temperature remains around 110 °F (43 °C). The resulting mixture's moisture level should be approximately 40%.
1623:
dampened with 20 litres (5.3 US gal) of water provides a medium for further IMO culturing. The result can be extended with 4 litres (1.1 US gal) of
1927:
Nitrogen-rich FAA can support vegetative plant growth. For leafy vegetables, it is possible to use FAA continuously to increase yield and improve taste and fragrance.
2219:, harsh wind, and minimal rainfall defeated three attempts to plant trees. With KNF, the trees had a 97% survival rate and as of 2014 had reached 20 feet in height.
1615:
A mix of 40 millilitres (1.4 imp fl oz; 1.4 US fl oz) of IMO2 with 42.5 mL of BRV, 42.5 mL of FPJ and 21.2 mL of OHN with 30 pounds of
1503:, elvan and other basaltic rocks along with IMO4 to leach minerals from the rocks, recirculating the output with refreshed IMO4 to increase mineral concentrations.
3169:
1145:
A shady, sheltered location with good drainage on an earthen floor provides the best environment. The minimum batch size is 500 kg, to optimize fermentation.
1139:
Fermented mixed compost (FMC) is the result of applying KNF techniques to turn familiar compost materials into IMO-rich material with readily available nutrients.
812:
KNF ferments a variety of materials for use in different contexts. Fermented products are produced in glass or ceramic (not metal or plastic) containers filled to
1066:). The sprouts are then crushed and repeatedly soaked and separated from water. The malt then rises to the surface and is separated from the water and fermented.
73:
1580:
other prominent colors indicate unwanted strains, requiring a restart. Mixing cultures from different locations, sun exposures and weather increases diversity.
1222:
LAB ferment "rice wash water" (water that has been used to wash rice), producing a sour smell when complete, then diluted and fermented again with 3-10: 1 with
300:
In 2008, he renamed his natural farming school and lab to "Cho Han-kyu Global
Village Natural Farming Research Institute", or Janong Natural Farming Institute.
1837:
bind with the soil complex easily, making them unavailable for crops. More soluble nutrients such as nitrogen easily leach from the soil and end up polluting
1799:
IMO-A should be applied 7 days before planting, 2–3 hours before sunset and a few hours after mixing. For unproductive fields, apply 14 days before planting.
150:
2309:
684:
are often seen as harmful to agriculture and are a frequent target of pesticides. However, KNF asserts that 99% of nematodes are beneficial and even consume
3745:
1450:
starts from old leaves after K moves to other plant parts. Their edges become yellowish-brown and appear as a spot in the middle of leaves in some plants.
1830:
nutrient uptake during the reproductive stage is increased due to a decrease in root activity, and the ability to modify the nutrient inputs accordingly.
430:
contains diverse species and a relatively small concentration of microorganisms that damage plant life and a relatively large amount of plant secretions.
258:
2598:
1413:
K does not become part of plant structure, but acts to regulate water balances, nutrient, and sugar movement and drives starch and protein synthesis and
4425:
2203:
In another experiment, farmers in an entire county used KNF to become self-sufficient, with each farm raising 500 chickens, 20 pigs and 5 beef cattle.
1904:
Underdeveloped seedlings can be treated with 1 mL of FAA added to this mix. Overdeveloped seedlings can be treated with 1 mL of WSCA added to the mix.
1653:
Diluting IMO3 with an equal amount of soil, half from the field and half from a locally fertile area allows the microorganisms to reach a larger area.
1944:
WSCA sprayed on leaves enhances growth. LAB helps increase fruit and leaf size, but the amount of LAB used should be reduced at later growth stages.
1303:
Signs of Ca deficiency include underdeveloped roots, discolored, dry leaves, empty bean pods, poor ripening, soft flesh, and insufficient fragrance.
4817:
3851:
3716:
1616:
3062:
2525:
3623:
3598:
2443:
1607:
provides nourishment for microorganism growth. After the microorganisms consume the sugar (7 days) the result can be used immediately or stored.
1107:
While each herb is fermented separately, the results are combined for use, at the ratio of 2 parts angelica to 1 part of each of the other four.
578:
are returned to the soil. Soil fungus and bacteria absorb those nutrients. The fungus and bacteria are consumed by fungal and bacterial-feeding
3663:
2488:
662:(charcoal) shelters mycorrhizae in myriad, tiny holes. Other mycorrhizal impacts include enhanced water uptake, reduced water needs (increased
2066:
can be controlled with 0.7 litres of soap water mixed with 20 litres of water. Alternatively, use HPW. Apply to the plant as a foliar spray.
955:
Layers of chopped plants alternate in 1-inch layers with BS/J. Pressure applied after each layer appropriately minimizes the amount of air.
1443:
1173:
1631:
1439:
Potassium is highly mobile in plants. Leaf potassium content decreases rapidly during fruiting because the fruit requires substantial K.
88:
137:
2422:
2400:
1406:
may have substantial potassium (K), it may be in an insoluble form. Potassium deficiency can also occur in sandy soil which has less
403:, but highly susceptible cultivars may even be harmed. IMOs can reduce initial yield losses when transitioning from conventional to
247:
for three years as an agriculture research student and studied the natural farming methods of the three teachers: Miyozo
Yamagishi (
4614:
3738:
1142:
In the late fall, bacterial activity subsides and fermenting microbes flourish, producing sugar and the best environment for FMC.
3513:
3199:
2176:, crop productivity increased 2-fold with the use of KNF, while reducing water use by 30% and eliminating the use of pesticides.
2036:
Fermented seawater mixed with BRV and WSC and fed to chickens can be used to prevent feather loss in chickens during the summer.
586:
predatory nematodes. At each stage, some inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus is returned to the soil and is absorbed by the plant.
35:
1789:
1785:
1600:
3295:
2465:
3692:
3653:
3351:
2856:
2943:
2350:
Cho Han-kyu and Cho Juyong, "Natural
Farming" (187 pages), a textbook used at Cho Han-kyu's natural farming seminar held in
3256:
3031:
2339:
Unraveling the
Mystery of the Natural Farming System (Korean): Isolation of Bacteria and Determining the Effects on Growth
1849:
KNF prepares seeds for planting by soaking them in a mixture of 2 parts FPJ, 2 parts BRV, 1 part OHN in 1000 parts water.
958:
After 7–10 days, liquid extraction from the mixture has peaked and the remaining solids must be strained from the result.
293:), published in Japan. Hoon Park brought KNF to Hawaii from South Korea where, as a missionary, he noticed KNF commercial
3731:
2971:
2366:
1117:
in equal parts and fermented for 1–2 days. BS/J equal to the amount of herb is added and the mix fermented for 5–7 days.
1002:
of IMO3 can dissolve any fat that develops on the surface. The top layer is a mixture of BS/J, IMO4, OHN, mineral A, and
883:
FFJ is diced or mashed fruit diluted 0.65:1 with water and 1:1 with BS/J, fermented for 4–8 days with periodic stirring.
332:, thereby reducing the chance of transferring pathogens from the manure back into the food production chain, although in
3173:
735:
cover crop followed by mulching soil surface periodically with sunn hemp residues enhanced SI within 2 cropping cycles.
1813:
FMC applied 2–3 hours before sunset on a cloudy day and covered with soil/mulch (or lightly plowed with a 1 to 2 inch
1563:
The basic approach proceeds in four steps, each of which produces a usable amendment. The process takes 3 to 4 weeks.
4099:
2200:
farmers used KNF exclusively in 300 foot-long greenhouses, producing increasing output and obtaining a higher price.
1442:
Symptoms of K deficiency include lower growth rates, smaller fruit and seed sizes, reduced root systems, disease and
751:
In the vegetative growth phase, the plant extends its roots, branches and foliage. The key nutrient in this stage is
175:
110:
49:
2797:
1802:
LAB (diluted 5-10000:1) solubilizes phosphate in phosphate-accumulated soil and encourages phosphate decomposition.
4839:
3571:
2317:
1125:
or another distilled (30–35%) alcohol equal to half of the mixture is added and the mix is fermented for 14 days.
1990:
Fermented seawater increase fruit's sugar content and enhance ripening. Fermented seawater prevents and controls
382:
92:
266:
Upon his return to Korea, Cho combined his newly acquired knowledge with traditional Korean farming methods and
2109:
hangs vertically from the corner of the sheet to attract pests. A water-filled basin containing a few drops of
2105:
sheet bent in an "L" shape hung so that the shorter side acts as a roof and the other side hangs vertically. A
852:
Fermented fruit juice (FFJ) uses the juice of locally-grown fruits with relatively high sugar content, such as
2605:
4844:
4805:
2888:
1868:
2033:
LAB mixed with FPJ and optionally WSCA can be used as drinking water for livestock, to help with digestion.
4126:
3824:
3281:
3233:
CTAHR Department of Human
Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences
1627:. The highly porous biochar provides superior habitat for IMO flourishing and retains carbon in the soil.
4645:
2822:
1183:
Dry compost ferments the same ingredients except water with commercial organic fertilizer for 7–14 days.
654:, which increases soil structure by binding organic matter to mineral particles. Glomalin gives soil its
41:
2759:
2423:"The Basics of Korean Natural Farming Methods. | Take control of your own survival and grow Local!"
4136:
3809:
3789:
3069:
2532:
1987:
WSCA and FFJ from apple, banana, mango, papaya, peach, and grape enhance flavor and firmness of fruit.
1042:
not have access to affordable fish materials. The kohol has to be removed from the rice paddy anyway.
743:
KNF posits three primary stages of plant growth. Each stage requires a different balance of nutrients.
646:. Miles of mycorrhizae can be found in a single ounce of soil. Mycorrhizal soil inoculation increases
4665:
4619:
4469:
3602:
1937:
783:. KNF prefers the use of a preparation of fermented plant juice and other amendments for this phase.
4059:
3916:
680:
675:
2060:
FPJ and/or FFJ diluted with rice bran and water can preferentially attract pests away from crops.
1630:
IMO3 is fermented in 12-inch high shaded furrows for 7 days, sheltered from rain and covered with
4703:
4479:
4381:
4376:
4094:
3971:
2269:
980:
142:
1191:
Another approach surrounds a dampened 10:1 rice bran/tree leaf mixture with a 30:4;2:1:1 mix of
80:
4604:
4541:
4489:
4452:
4447:
3921:
1134:
285:
From 1992 onward, Cho contributed to the 21-part article in the "Modern
Agriculture" magazine (
3664:"Korean natural farming uses organic items to replenish soil | News, Sports, Jobs - Maui News"
4793:
4551:
4268:
3886:
3881:
3774:
1208:
314:
195:) is an organic agricultural method that takes advantage of indigenous microorganisms (IMO) (
3599:"Korean Natural Farming | Northeast Organic Farming Association: Massachusetts Chapter"
707:
benefits bacterivores and fungivores, but the structure index (SI) is not different between
4655:
4596:
4089:
4040:
3901:
3876:
3856:
2310:"Natural selection: A self-sufficient system of farming is increasing yields across Hawaii"
2252:
2248:
2077:
KNF insect attractants are non-toxic methods of pest control during the egg-laying season.
2018:
and does not require periodic cleaning. No special ventilation is used. Pens are laid with
1369:
1230:. and fermented a third time after removing flotsam and jetsam and diluting with BS/J 1:1.
1219:. LAB improve soil ventilation, promoting rapid growth of fruit trees and leaf vegetables.
1204:
1148:
FMC includes at least one item each from the garden (fallen leaves or fruits), rice field (
1113:
Ginger and garlic must be crushed (not ground) to aid fermentation. One herb is mixed with
1018:
704:
643:
595:
262:
Young man helps harvest rice by hand at a natural farm in
Hongcheon Province, South Korea.
8:
4574:
4437:
3993:
3861:
3846:
3794:
3784:
3225:
624:
374:
2881:
2716:
377:
decomposition, increases in nutrient availability, improved plant yield, a reduction in
4776:
4650:
4564:
4529:
4415:
4308:
4288:
3710:
1361:
1030:
629:
767:
After the plant has reached sufficient size, the plant diverts its energy into making
4698:
4559:
4524:
4519:
4386:
4228:
4013:
3961:
3698:
3688:
3649:
3617:
2437:
2279:
2106:
1417:
1336:
1288:, helps crops to accumulate and utilize nutrients, is the major component in forming
1262:
895:
and microbes present on the plant material begin to break down the sugars and create
604:
511:
286:
279:
248:
4052:
2599:"Effects of Surface Mulch on Soil Health Conditions in Conservation-Tillage Systems"
2093:
and FFJ or FPJ (diluted 300:1) in an open container hung when pests lay their eggs.
1924:
and water/marsh plants with a firm stem help provide nitrogen (diluted 800 1000:1).
1383:
of older leaves. New leaves grow slowly and are dark in color. Flowering is reduced
1110:
The material can be fermented 5 times, removing 2/3 of the liquid after each cycle.
4781:
4755:
4509:
4273:
3998:
3946:
3799:
3634:
Korean
Natural Farming: Indigenous Microorganisms and Vital Power of Crop/livestock
1536:, Mn(II), present in basaltic rocks provide potential energy sources for bacteria.
1376:
1227:
992:
386:
322:
4196:
2363:
1386:
KNF water-soluble phosphoric acid (WSPA), is made by burning phosphoric acid-rich
995:), crushed to separate flesh and bone are fermented with an equal amount of BS/J.
4760:
4745:
4740:
4432:
4338:
4318:
4218:
4206:
4191:
4171:
4166:
4030:
3981:
3956:
3936:
3643:
3632:
2370:
2274:
1357:
1285:
716:
700:
599:
574:
unless disrupted by human intervention. As plants decay, "detrital" nitrogen and
404:
393:
4223:
3224:
Hunt, Josiah; DuPonte, Michael; Sato, Dwight; Kawabata, Andrew (December 2010).
1375:
Deficiency hinders cell division and reproduction. Symptoms first appear on the
1261:
Calcium (Ca) is a common substance. However, the majority exists in the form of
4735:
4725:
4569:
4514:
4504:
4323:
4298:
4278:
4146:
4141:
4131:
4023:
4018:
4003:
3931:
3831:
2130:
1961:
1826:
1661:
Another source recommends an alternative mixture as follows, for each hectare:
1466:
1429:
1403:
1304:
1076:
666:
resistance), increased pathogen resistance, and overall increased plant vigor.
571:
84:
4459:
2487:
Jensen, Helen; Guilaran, Leopoldo; Jaranilla, Rene; Garingalao, Gerry (2006).
804:
and any other volatiles to escape. Amendments are diluted 500–1000:1 for use.
4833:
4730:
4708:
4484:
4393:
4343:
4328:
4263:
4258:
4243:
4213:
4176:
4156:
4116:
4111:
4081:
4047:
3986:
3966:
3951:
3911:
3819:
3723:
3702:
3684:
The natural way of farming : the theory and practice of green philosophy
2284:
2138:
2089:
An aromatic insect attractant (AIA) is a mixture of alcohol and rice wine or
1953:
1834:
1540:
1528:(glass). The rock becomes a reddish dirt. The significant amounts of reduced
1391:
1293:
1289:
1085:
962:
275:
2069:
To control mites, dilute soap water 40x with water. Alternatively, use HPW.
4675:
4494:
4474:
4442:
4371:
4358:
4333:
4313:
4283:
4008:
3976:
3754:
3061:
Wang, Koon-Hui; DuPonte, Mike; Chang, Kim (December 2012 – February 2013).
2351:
2244:
2156:
2142:
1917:
1583:
Other ways to collect IMO include filling the hollow core of a freshly-cut
1353:
1297:
937:
728:
696:, and omnivorous nematodes are important participants in nutrient cycling.
639:
397:
267:
1796:
to retain moisture and provide a dark environment for further IMO growth.
4586:
4581:
4366:
4253:
4248:
4238:
4233:
4161:
4151:
3926:
3891:
3871:
3836:
3804:
2224:
2212:
2134:
1991:
1838:
1557:
1553:
1543:. It promotes plant growth, improves storabilit, and deodorizes manure.
1453:
Water-soluble potassium (WSK) is made from steeping bite-sized pieces of
1309:
1216:
1169:
1038:
1034:
900:
833:
693:
647:
620:
423:
408:
236:
3063:"Use of Korean Natural Farming for Vegetable Crop Production in Hawaiʻi"
638:
to convert soil nutrients into a form that crops can use and turn plant
4303:
4186:
4121:
4106:
4064:
3941:
3841:
3680:
2232:
2197:
2181:
2177:
1814:
1805:
Sun-dried salt can be applied to soil at 5 kg for every 10 acres.
1642:
1588:
1446:
susceptibility and lower moisture and nitrogen absorption and content.
1341:
1153:
976:
925:
780:
772:
756:
720:
708:
685:
575:
350:
318:
2125:
Soap water (SoWa) and hot-pepper water (HPW) are used for controlling
4750:
4713:
4660:
4640:
4635:
4293:
3779:
3766:
3758:
3682:
2023:
2011:
2007:
1957:
1921:
1872:
1635:
1620:
1572:
1533:
1496:
1447:
1365:
1246:
1161:
1114:
984:
732:
727:
structure over two years but did after six years. In the greenhouse,
689:
416:
412:
310:
216:
212:
2494:. Pambansang Inisyatibo sa Binhi Likas-Kayang Pagsasaka sa Pilipinas
4609:
4536:
4464:
4201:
4076:
3866:
2216:
2114:
2110:
1928:
1864:
1479:
1457:
stems in water for 7 days and diluting the result 30:1 with water.
1425:
1250:
1223:
1192:
1177:
1081:
1074:
Oriental herbal nutrients (OHN) are fermented from unwashed, dried
999:
929:
917:
909:
899:. This weak alcoholic solution extracts plant components including
841:
801:
752:
724:
651:
583:
579:
400:
378:
333:
208:
204:
196:
3570:
Reddy, Rohini (2011). Sai, D. V. R.; Ismail, Sultan Ahmed (eds.).
1241:
KNF provides techniques for converting essential minerals such as
211:) to produce rich soil that yields high output without the use of
4718:
4680:
4670:
4546:
4181:
4071:
2486:
2264:
2049:
2045:
2019:
2003:
1920:
help crops become cold-resistant and grow fast and strong. Later
1857:
1624:
1604:
1506:
1492:
1454:
1242:
1055:
949:
945:
921:
913:
896:
892:
837:
776:
663:
659:
427:
356:
294:
1560:
that can suppress diseases and promote healthy soil conditions.
880:
should be used only on crops of grapes or citrus, respectively.
128:
4410:
4403:
4398:
3814:
2228:
2173:
2090:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1853:
1584:
1500:
1414:
1387:
1212:
1096:
1092:
1059:
933:
877:
857:
853:
768:
712:
635:
329:
271:
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can be distributed thinly on a field, covered with a layer of
1356:
and reproductive system. Phosphoric acid is involved in photo
731:
increased omnivorous and predatory populations. Strip-till of
407:, by accelerating soil recovery. Soils depleted by the use of
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2220:
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2063:
1972:
1932:
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873:
869:
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861:
655:
609:
362:
244:
240:
232:
200:
3645:
The One-Straw
Revolution: An Introduction to Natural Farming
4420:
4035:
2364:
Cho Han-kyu's Profile, as shown before his seminar in Japan
2247:
feeds its service members using its own resources. For the
2149:
2102:
1976:
1898:
1576:
1529:
1436:
in the leaf and activates various enzyme reaction systems.
1380:
1281:
1149:
1118:
1063:
988:
973:
941:
904:
431:
3170:"Potassium Fertilization in Crop Production – Agriculture"
1509:
can be pulled out of basaltic rock with oxygenated water.
832:
of their capacity and covered with porous paper or cloth.
4348:
2558:"An Introduction to Asian Natural Farming Pig Production"
2466:"Korean Natural Farming: Does it work? How does it work?"
2152:, boiled in water to make a thick soup and then diluted.
2027:
2015:
840:(BS/J) is used as a fermentation agent. KNF does not use
2117:
hangs underneath the light to kill insects that alight.
1432:
fixing enzymes, decreases the diffusive resistance of CO
582:, respectively. Those nematodes are in turn consumed by
426:
contains some 7 million microorganisms per hectare. Its
3226:"The Basics of Biochar : A Natural Soil Amendment"
3223:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3425:
3423:
3386:
3384:
3310:
3308:
3149:
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2691:
2689:
2657:
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1878:
Soak slow-germinating seeds such as rice, barley, and
1599:
Diluting the "inhabited" rice with an equal amount of
255:), Kinshi Shibata (柴田 欣志) and Yasushi Oinoue (大井上 康).
3060:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2642:
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392:
Beneficial microorganisms can significantly suppress
91:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
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3004:
2989:
2924:
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2895:
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2686:
2652:
2235:farming provides a stable income to farmers there.
1587:stump with rice or placing the collection box in a
1566:
703:practices affect nematode variety and populations.
336:-poor conditions adding manure can increase yield.
3596:
2667:
2637:
2622:
2531:. Cho Global Natural Farming. 2013. Archived from
2120:
1331:
1160:Wet compost mixes IMO4 with oil cake, fish waste,
1017:Kohol amino acid (KAA) are made from the kohol or
658:(texture), buoyancy and water absorption ability.
570:Nutrients are taken up and deposited in a natural
2506:
1296:, and removes harmful substances by binding with
4831:
3681:Fukuoka, Masanobu Metreaud, Frederic P. (1993).
1347:
1277:), which cannot be directly absorbed by plants.
1233:Combining LAB with FPJ increases effectiveness.
2464:Wang, Koon-Hui; Duponte, Mike; Chang, Kim C.S.
1390:stems into charcoal. The charcoal is soaked in
755:. KNF prefers the use of a preparation of fish
270:methods (e.g., as used in Korean foods such as
3753:
3068:. Hānai‘Ai / The Food Provider. Archived from
1912:Initially, FPJ (diluted 1000:1) from mugwort (
1656:
738:
594:Three types of bacteria common in KNF include
373:Potential benefits include increased rates of
325:, while insects prefer incomplete proteins. .
3739:
2101:A fluorescent insect attractant (FIA) uses a
1833:Nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, and
321:of indigenous microorganisms (IMOs) produces
4615:List of organic gardening and farming topics
3715:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3577:. South Asia Rural Reconstructio Association
2463:
2420:
2255:now offers Masters and PhD programs in KNF.
1069:
903:. FPJ uses young sections of a fast-growing
627:association between a fungus (Myco) such as
368:
340:Use the nutrients contained within the seeds
3622:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3296:"Korean Natural Farming: How Does It Work?"
2882:"Natural Farming: Oriental Herbal Nutrient"
2442:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2129:and mites. When soap water is applied as a
1610:
1516:reacts with the Si out of the rock to form
1402:Although soils that have been treated with
961:FPJ is not helpful in the presence of high
346:Maximize inborn potential with fewer inputs
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3746:
3732:
3508:
3506:
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2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2596:
762:
176:Learn how and when to remove this message
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
3194:
3192:
3190:
2717:"Natural Farming: Fermented Plant Juice"
1256:
1009:Fermentation generally takes 7–10 days.
886:
847:
565:
396:activity in crops of mildly susceptible
257:
153:of all important aspects of the article.
3641:
3495:
3172:. Agriculture.gov.sk.ca. Archived from
3056:
3054:
3052:
3021:
2760:"Making Fermented Plant Juice (Recipe)"
2316:. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. Archived from
2307:
2303:
2301:
2299:
1971:Use seawater for seedling treatment of
1863:Soak average-germinating seeds such as
1641:Alternative dilutants are rice bran or
1465:Lower-salinity surface seawater and/or
1199:
916:have proven effective choices, as have
439:Examples of microorganism reproduction
4832:
3642:Fukuoka, Masanobu (8 September 2010).
3631:Cho, Han Kyu; Koyama, Atsushi (1997).
3246:
2961:
2936:
2840:
2790:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2714:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2459:
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2455:
2453:
2399:. Kalapanaorganics.com. Archived from
2391:
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2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
1907:
1825:Other inputs are applied directly via
775:. The key nutrients in this stage are
419:may have reduced soil microorganisms.
149:Please consider expanding the lead to
72:contains content that is written like
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2526:"Natural Farming – The Microorganism"
2518:
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2072:
1428:tissues. K promotes the synthesis of
1352:Phosphoric acid makes up part of the
1186:
589:
4800:
3164:
3162:
3049:
2762:. Natural Farming Hawaii. 2012-04-30
2597:Wang, Koon-Hui; Hooks, R.R. (2013).
2425:. Hawaiianparadisecoop.wordpress.com
2296:
1852:Soak fast-germinating seeds such as
1491:Bacteria Mineral Water (BMW) steeps
1424:, its principal function is to grow
1168:(from yeast and filamentous fungus)
746:
317:with other plants. For example, the
122:
56:
15:
4812:
2747:
2475:
2450:
2376:
2026:with IMO to break down the manure.
1997:
1012:
968:
343:Use indigenous microorganisms (IMO)
13:
3519:. Cho Global Natural Farming. 2013
3357:. Cho Global Natural Farming. 2013
3262:. Cho Global Natural Farming. 2013
3205:. Cho Global Natural Farming. 2013
3037:. Cho Global Natural Farming. 2013
2977:. Cho Global Natural Farming. 2013
2949:. Cho Global Natural Farming. 2013
2887:. College of Tropical Agriculture
2862:. Cho Global Natural Farming. 2013
2828:. Cho Global Natural Farming. 2013
2803:. Cho Global Natural Farming. 2013
2705:
2581:
2055:
2052:gas produced by immature compost.
1844:
1780:
1575:box containing fairly dry steamed
979:(FAA) provide nitrogen to enhance
807:
715:fields. In one experiment, simple
381:microorganisms and an increase in
14:
4856:
3597:- 9:30am to 4:30pm (2014-05-03).
3590:
3514:"Soap water and Hot pepper water"
3282:"Bacteria Mineral Water Research"
3200:"Seawater and Fermented Seawater"
3159:
2397:"A Natural Farming Primer |"
2133:, sunlight evaporates the water.
1820:
965:and/or high nitrogen conditions.
723:failed to show increases in soil
31:This article has multiple issues.
4811:
4799:
4788:
4787:
4775:
2167:
1567:Microorganism recruitment (IMO1)
987:, guts, bones, etc. (preferably
127:
61:
20:
3344:
3288:
3274:
3217:
2874:
2815:
2550:
2121:Soap water and hot pepper water
2002:Cultured soil can be used in a
1775:
1332:Water-soluble calcium phosphate
494:Free nitrogen fixation bacteria
141:may be too short to adequately
39:or discuss these issues on the
3601:. Nofamass.org. Archived from
3572:"Cho's Global Natural Farming"
2715:Miller, Sherri (August 2013).
2414:
2357:
2344:
2331:
2187:
2096:
1935:and the green house whitefly (
1648:
1539:BMW are abundant minerals and
615:
151:provide an accessible overview
1:
2889:University of Hawaii at Manoa
2308:Essoyan, Susan (2011-01-18).
2290:
2162:
2039:
1982:
1808:
1348:Water-soluble phosphoric acid
1215:, they metabolize sugar into
795:
303:
231:Cho Han-kyu, born in 1935 in
2030:are fed agricultural waste.
1952:Use FFJ from grape, papaya,
1947:
1152:, straw), field litter from
669:
7:
4646:Index of pesticide articles
3352:"Indigenous Microorganisms"
2857:"Oriental Herbal Nutrients"
2421:jonkirby2012 (2013-02-13).
2258:
2206:
2184:on degraded Hawaii fields.
2084:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1688:
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1657:Alternative mixture (IMO-A)
1460:
1236:
786:
739:Stages of plant development
650:accumulation by depositing
10:
4861:
3790:Climate-friendly gardening
3563:
1960:on fruit crops to provide
1571:A cloth-covered wooden or
1473:
1132:
1049:
280:North Chungcheong Province
226:
4769:
4691:
4666:Plant disease forecasting
4628:
4620:Vegan organic agriculture
4595:
4470:Genetically modified tree
4357:
3900:
3765:
3648:. New York Review Books.
3637:. Korean Natural Farming.
3257:"Bacterial Mineral Water"
2944:"Fermented mixed compost"
2044:LAB can reduce damage to
1938:Trialeurodes vaporariorum
1931:amino acids help control
1885:Soak other seeds such as
1070:Oriental herbal nutrients
876:. FFJ from grapes and/or
369:Indigenous microorganisms
297:with virtually no odour.
290:
252:
2314:Honolulu Star-Advertiser
2238:
2180:proved to be a superior
1860:, and bean for 2 hours.
1611:Mill run of wheat (IMO3)
688:nematodes. Herbivorous,
681:Rotylenchulus reniformis
4840:Organic farming in Asia
3032:"Water-soluble Calcium"
2724:Sustainable Agriculture
2489:"NATURE FARMING MANUAL"
2354:, USA, in January 2016.
2337:Keli'ikuli, A. (2018).
2270:Effective microorganism
1595:BS/J nourishment (IMO2)
1546:
1487:Bacterial mineral water
1398:Water-soluble potassium
1129:Fermented mixed compost
1103:Preparation and storage
530:Photosynthetic bacteria
4605:Biodynamic agriculture
4542:Postharvest physiology
4490:Landscape architecture
4187:Indonesian home garden
2972:"Lactic Acid Bacteria"
2159:, boiled and diluted.
1394:to dissolve the acid.
1180:from germs and yeast.
1135:Bokashi (horticulture)
1058:is made from sprouted
763:Flowering/reproduction
674:Nematodes such as the
642:into soil amendments,
623:are "fungus roots", a
455:Proliferation per day
446:Minutes per generation
387:aerobic microorganisms
328:KNF avoids the use of
263:
189:Korean natural farming
3852:Historic conservation
1257:Water-soluble calcium
1037:that proliferates in
887:Fermented plant juice
848:Fermented fruit juice
644:"sequestering" carbon
566:Soil nutrient cycling
261:
93:neutral point of view
4845:Agriculture in Korea
4782:Gardening portal
4681:Aquamog weed remover
4656:List of insecticides
2253:University of Peking
1478:Biochar is a porous
1211:. In the absence of
1205:Lactic acid bacteria
1200:Lactic acid bacteria
1027:Pomacea canaliculata
1023:Pomacea canaliculata
705:Conservation tillage
596:lactic acid bacteria
460:Lactic acid bacteria
361:No use of livestock-
1666:
1364:in photosynthesis,
449:Generations per day
440:
375:soil organic matter
85:promotional content
4651:List of fungicides
4416:Companion planting
3284:. 21 October 2013.
2798:"-Fish Amino Acid"
2369:2016-01-28 at the
2073:Insect attractants
1914:Artemisia vulgaris
1664:
1362:electron transport
1245:, phosphorus, and
1187:Rice bran/rapeseed
1089:Glycyrrhiza glabra
1019:golden apple snail
938:sweet potato vines
699:Tillage and other
630:Aspergillus oryzae
590:Bacteria and fungi
438:
264:
87:and inappropriate
4827:
4826:
4699:Community orchard
4525:drought tolerance
3694:978-81-85987-00-2
3655:978-1-59017-392-3
2280:Soil microbiology
2107:fluorescent light
1908:Vegetative growth
1901:for 0.5–1 hours.
1773:
1772:
1418:nitrogen fixation
1370:protein synthesis
1368:transport and in
1337:Calcium phosphate
1292:, enables smooth
1263:calcium carbonate
981:vegetative growth
747:Vegetative growth
605:Bacillus subtilis
563:
562:
477:Coliform bacillus
349:Avoid commercial
323:complete proteins
237:Gyeonggi Province
186:
185:
178:
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121:
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113:
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4779:
4756:Plant collecting
4692:Related articles
4629:Plant protection
3810:French intensive
3748:
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3677:
3675:
3674:
3668:www.mauinews.com
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2617:
2616:
2610:
2604:. Archived from
2603:
2594:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2563:. Archived from
2562:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2538:on 18 April 2016
2537:
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2325:
2305:
2249:Beijing Olympics
2225:barnyard grasses
2148:SoWa is chopped
2145:kill the pests.
2048:by neutralizing
1998:Animal husbandry
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1663:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1515:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1305:Leafy vegetables
1276:
1275:
1274:
1228:pasteurized milk
1013:Kohol amino acid
993:blue-backed fish
969:Fish amino acids
831:
830:
826:
821:
820:
816:
759:for this phase.
441:
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74:an advertisement
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4823:
4774:
4765:
4761:Turf management
4746:Lists of plants
4741:List of gardens
4687:
4624:
4591:
4353:
3903:
3896:
3761:
3752:
3708:
3707:
3695:
3687:. Bookventure.
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2293:
2275:Natural farming
2261:
2241:
2209:
2190:
2170:
2165:
2155:HPW is chopped
2123:
2099:
2087:
2075:
2058:
2056:Pest management
2042:
2000:
1985:
1950:
1910:
1847:
1845:Seeds/seedlings
1823:
1811:
1783:
1781:Soil enrichment
1778:
1766:Farmyard manure
1659:
1651:
1613:
1597:
1591:after harvest.
1569:
1549:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1489:
1476:
1463:
1435:
1400:
1358:phosphorylation
1350:
1334:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1286:phosphoric acid
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1259:
1239:
1226:(preferred) or
1202:
1189:
1137:
1131:
1105:
1072:
1052:
1015:
971:
889:
850:
828:
824:
823:
818:
814:
813:
810:
808:Fermented items
798:
789:
765:
749:
741:
701:soil management
672:
618:
600:purple bacteria
592:
568:
405:organic farming
394:fungal pathogen
371:
306:
229:
182:
171:
170:
169:
164:
158:
155:
148:
136:This article's
132:
117:
106:
100:
97:
78:
66:
62:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4858:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4809:
4797:
4785:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4736:Garden tourism
4733:
4728:
4726:Groundskeeping
4723:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4601:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4515:free-flowering
4512:
4507:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4396:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4363:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3832:Groundskeeping
3829:
3828:
3827:
3825:computer-aided
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3693:
3678:
3660:
3654:
3639:
3628:
3592:
3591:External links
3589:
3588:
3587:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3547:
3530:
3494:
3482:
3470:
3458:
3446:
3434:
3419:
3407:
3395:
3380:
3368:
3343:
3331:
3319:
3304:
3287:
3273:
3245:
3216:
3186:
3158:
3139:
3124:
3112:
3097:
3085:
3048:
3020:
3003:
2988:
2960:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2894:
2873:
2839:
2814:
2789:
2772:
2746:
2729:
2704:
2685:
2666:
2651:
2636:
2621:
2580:
2549:
2517:
2505:
2474:
2449:
2413:
2375:
2356:
2343:
2330:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2257:
2240:
2237:
2229:livestock feed
2208:
2205:
2196:A co-op of 40
2189:
2186:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2122:
2119:
2098:
2095:
2086:
2083:
2074:
2071:
2057:
2054:
2041:
2038:
2010:. It converts
1999:
1996:
1984:
1981:
1979:, and garlic.
1962:phosporic acid
1949:
1946:
1909:
1906:
1846:
1843:
1835:micronutrients
1827:foliar feeding
1822:
1821:Foliar feeding
1819:
1810:
1807:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1769:2,500 kg
1767:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1665:Final mixture
1658:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1617:wheat mill run
1612:
1609:
1596:
1593:
1568:
1565:
1556:, enzymes and
1548:
1545:
1541:trace elements
1532:, Fe(II), and
1522:
1512:
1488:
1485:
1475:
1472:
1462:
1459:
1433:
1430:carbon dioxide
1399:
1396:
1349:
1346:
1333:
1330:
1322:
1290:cell membranes
1271:
1258:
1255:
1238:
1235:
1201:
1198:
1188:
1185:
1130:
1127:
1104:
1101:
1077:Angelica gigas
1071:
1068:
1051:
1048:
1014:
1011:
970:
967:
888:
885:
849:
846:
809:
806:
797:
794:
788:
785:
764:
761:
748:
745:
740:
737:
709:cover cropping
671:
668:
617:
614:
591:
588:
567:
564:
561:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
544:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
527:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
508:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
491:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
474:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
457:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
383:plant defenses
370:
367:
366:
365:
359:
353:
347:
344:
341:
305:
302:
228:
225:
184:
183:
166:
165:
145:the key points
135:
133:
126:
119:
118:
89:external links
69:
67:
60:
55:
29:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4857:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4820:
4819:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4731:Garden centre
4729:
4727:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4709:Floral design
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4576:
4575:reforestation
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4485:Intercropping
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4426:most valuable
4424:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4394:Arboriculture
4392:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3987:Garden square
3985:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:Ancient Egypt
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3820:Garden design
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3735:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3718:
3712:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3679:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3605:on 2018-06-16
3604:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3557:, p. 81.
3556:
3551:
3545:, p. 80.
3544:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3492:, p. 43.
3491:
3486:
3480:, p. 70.
3479:
3474:
3468:, p. 51.
3467:
3462:
3456:, p. 31.
3455:
3450:
3444:, p. 56.
3443:
3438:
3432:, p. 39.
3431:
3426:
3424:
3417:, p. 26.
3416:
3411:
3405:, p. 78.
3404:
3399:
3393:, p. 72.
3392:
3387:
3385:
3378:, p. 11.
3377:
3372:
3353:
3347:
3341:, p. 16.
3340:
3335:
3329:, p. 13.
3328:
3323:
3317:, p. 10.
3316:
3311:
3309:
3297:
3291:
3283:
3277:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3176:on 2014-07-14
3175:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3156:, p. 45.
3155:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3137:, p. 50.
3136:
3131:
3129:
3122:, p. 60.
3121:
3116:
3110:, p. 55.
3109:
3104:
3102:
3095:, p. 54.
3094:
3089:
3075:on 2016-04-18
3071:
3064:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3018:, p. 42.
3017:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3001:, p. 41.
3000:
2995:
2993:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2945:
2939:
2933:, p. 75.
2932:
2927:
2921:, p. 73.
2920:
2915:
2909:, p. 74.
2908:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2890:
2883:
2877:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2824:
2818:
2799:
2793:
2787:, p. 38.
2786:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2744:, p. 24.
2743:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2709:
2702:, p. 30.
2701:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2664:, p. 19.
2663:
2658:
2656:
2648:
2643:
2641:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2611:on 2016-03-04
2607:
2600:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2570:on 2014-02-11
2566:
2559:
2553:
2534:
2527:
2521:
2514:
2509:
2490:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2467:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2445:
2439:
2424:
2417:
2403:on 2014-06-28
2402:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2373:(in Japanese)
2372:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2353:
2347:
2340:
2334:
2320:on 2014-07-14
2319:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2295:
2286:
2285:Soil food web
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2168:United States
2160:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2082:
2078:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1918:bamboo shoots
1915:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1882:for 7 hours.
1881:
1876:
1875:for 4 hours.
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1748:
1745:1250 kg
1741:
1740:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1508:
1504:
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1498:
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1471:
1468:
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1437:
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1427:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1392:aerated water
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1329:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:may contract
1306:
1301:
1299:
1298:organic acids
1295:
1294:cell division
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1220:
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1210:
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1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1086:licorice root
1083:
1079:
1078:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1001:
998:Two to three
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
975:
966:
964:
963:precipitation
959:
956:
953:
951:
947:
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931:
927:
923:
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744:
736:
734:
730:
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722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
694:bacterivorous
691:
687:
683:
682:
677:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:carbohydrates
637:
632:
631:
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613:
611:
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601:
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581:
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276:Goesan County
273:
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94:
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82:
76:
75:
70:This article
68:
59:
58:
53:
51:
44:
43:
38:
37:
32:
27:
18:
17:
4816:
4804:
4792:
4773:
4676:Weed control
4565:horticulture
4495:Olericulture
4475:Hydroculture
4465:Fruticulture
4443:Floriculture
4372:Permaculture
4359:Horticulture
3755:Horticulture
3683:
3671:. Retrieved
3667:
3644:
3633:
3607:. Retrieved
3603:the original
3579:. Retrieved
3550:
3521:. Retrieved
3485:
3473:
3461:
3449:
3437:
3410:
3398:
3371:
3359:. Retrieved
3346:
3334:
3322:
3290:
3276:
3264:. Retrieved
3236:. Retrieved
3232:
3219:
3207:. Retrieved
3178:. Retrieved
3174:the original
3115:
3088:
3077:. Retrieved
3070:the original
3039:. Retrieved
2979:. Retrieved
2951:. Retrieved
2938:
2926:
2914:
2876:
2864:. Retrieved
2830:. Retrieved
2817:
2805:. Retrieved
2792:
2764:. Retrieved
2723:
2683:, p. 1.
2649:, p. 6.
2634:, p. 5.
2613:. Retrieved
2606:the original
2572:. Retrieved
2565:the original
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2533:the original
2520:
2515:, p. 8.
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2427:. Retrieved
2416:
2405:. Retrieved
2401:the original
2359:
2352:Hilo, Hawaii
2346:
2338:
2333:
2322:. Retrieved
2318:the original
2313:
2245:Chinese Army
2242:
2210:
2202:
2195:
2191:
2171:
2154:
2147:
2143:condensation
2131:foliar spray
2124:
2100:
2088:
2079:
2076:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2043:
2035:
2032:
2001:
1989:
1986:
1970:
1966:
1951:
1943:
1936:
1926:
1913:
1911:
1903:
1884:
1877:
1862:
1851:
1848:
1841:or streams.
1832:
1824:
1812:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1784:
1776:Applications
1737:125 kg
1660:
1652:
1640:
1629:
1614:
1598:
1582:
1570:
1562:
1558:lactic acids
1550:
1538:
1505:
1490:
1477:
1464:
1452:
1441:
1438:
1426:meristematic
1412:
1401:
1385:
1374:
1354:cell nucleus
1351:
1335:
1315:
1308:
1302:
1279:
1260:
1240:
1232:
1221:
1203:
1190:
1182:
1170:gibberellins
1159:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1088:
1075:
1073:
1053:
1044:
1039:rice paddies
1033:pest in the
1026:
1022:
1016:
1008:
997:
972:
960:
957:
954:
890:
882:
851:
811:
799:
790:
766:
750:
742:
729:green manure
698:
679:
673:
628:
619:
603:
593:
569:
547:Yeast fungus
512:Hay bacillus
421:
409:insecticides
398:Rhododendron
391:
372:
327:
307:
299:
284:
268:fermentation
265:
230:
221:
192:
188:
187:
172:
156:
140:
138:lead section
107:
98:
83:by removing
79:Please help
71:
47:
40:
34:
33:Please help
30:
4818:WikiProject
4587:Monoculture
4582:Viticulture
4560:agriculture
4520:propagation
4460:Hügelkultur
4382:sustainable
4367:Agriculture
4309:Therapeutic
4289:Shakespeare
4100:Renaissance
3892:Xeriscaping
3887:Sustainable
3882:Square foot
3872:Proplifting
3837:Garden tool
3805:Foodscaping
2213:Gobi Desert
2188:South Korea
2157:hot peppers
2135:Evaporation
2097:Fluorescent
1992:anthracnose
1839:groundwater
1649:Soil (IMO4)
1554:antibiotics
1420:. Prior to
1310:Rhizoctonia
1217:lactic acid
1091:along with
1035:Philippines
977:amino acids
901:chlorophyll
834:Brown sugar
773:pollinators
771:to attract
757:amino acids
690:fungivorous
648:soil carbon
625:mutualistic
621:Mycorrhizae
616:Mycorrhizae
452:Temperature
424:rhizosphere
385:. KNF uses
351:fertilizers
315:competition
282:, in 1995.
4834:Categories
4480:Indigenous
4377:stock-free
4349:Zoological
4229:Pollinator
4122:Greenhouse
4065:Sharawadgi
4053:Vietnamese
4014:East Asian
3922:Australian
3877:Raised bed
3842:Green wall
3673:2017-06-07
3609:2014-06-12
3555:Reddy 2011
3543:Reddy 2011
3490:Reddy 2011
3478:Reddy 2011
3466:Reddy 2011
3454:Reddy 2011
3442:Reddy 2011
3430:Reddy 2011
3415:Reddy 2011
3403:Reddy 2011
3391:Reddy 2011
3376:Reddy 2011
3339:Reddy 2011
3327:Reddy 2011
3315:Reddy 2011
3180:2014-06-12
3154:Reddy 2011
3135:Reddy 2011
3120:Reddy 2011
3108:Reddy 2011
3093:Reddy 2011
3079:2014-06-12
3016:Reddy 2011
2999:Reddy 2011
2931:Reddy 2011
2919:Reddy 2011
2907:Reddy 2011
2785:Reddy 2011
2766:2014-06-12
2742:Reddy 2011
2700:Reddy 2011
2681:Reddy 2011
2662:Reddy 2011
2647:Reddy 2011
2632:Reddy 2011
2615:2014-06-12
2574:2014-06-12
2513:Reddy 2011
2429:2014-06-12
2407:2014-06-12
2324:2021-12-01
2291:References
2233:Watermelon
2198:strawberry
2182:cover crop
2178:Cane grass
2163:Experience
2040:Composting
2024:wood chips
1815:rotary hoe
1809:Fertilizer
1750:Salt Water
1670:Ingredient
1643:rice flour
1636:gunny bags
1632:straw mats
1589:rice paddy
1444:winterkill
1342:bone broth
1207:(LAB) are
1174:red fungus
1133:See also:
1031:introduced
1004:rice straw
985:Fish heads
926:watercress
796:Amendments
781:phosphorus
721:strip-till
584:omnivorous
576:phosphorus
422:A healthy
417:herbicides
413:fungicides
379:pathogenic
319:metabolism
304:Principles
217:pesticides
213:herbicides
159:March 2021
101:April 2021
81:improve it
36:improve it
4751:Perennial
4714:Floristry
4661:Pesticide
4641:Herbicide
4636:Fungicide
4530:hardiness
4294:Shrubbery
4274:Sculpture
4095:landscape
4024:Cantonese
3999:Container
3994:Community
3962:Byzantine
3957:Butterfly
3947:Botanical
3847:Guerrilla
3795:Community
3785:Butterfly
3780:Arboretum
3775:Allotment
3767:Gardening
3759:gardening
3711:cite book
3703:870936183
3581:14 August
3523:14 August
3361:14 August
3266:14 August
3238:14 August
3209:14 August
3041:14 August
2981:14 August
2953:14 August
2866:14 August
2832:14 August
2823:"Maltose"
2807:14 August
2542:14 August
2498:14 August
2139:heat loss
2012:excrement
2008:hen house
1958:raspberry
1948:Flowering
1922:arrowroot
1867:, melon,
1705:1,250 mL
1697:1,250 mL
1689:1,250 mL
1681:1,250 mL
1673:Quantity
1621:rice bran
1573:cardboard
1534:manganese
1497:limestone
1483:habitat.
1448:Chlorosis
1366:anabolite
1251:allergens
1247:potassium
1209:anaerobic
1178:cytokines
1162:bone meal
1150:rice bran
1115:rice wine
1084:bark and
1000:teaspoons
991:or other
733:sunn hemp
686:parasitic
678:nematode
670:Nematodes
580:nematodes
401:cultivars
311:predation
295:piggeries
205:nematodes
143:summarize
42:talk page
4794:Category
4704:Features
4610:Grafting
4570:forestry
4552:Tropical
4537:Pomology
4510:cuttings
4505:breeding
4339:Wildlife
4319:Tropical
4269:Scottish
4219:Pleasure
4207:Paradise
4202:Charbagh
4172:Monastic
4167:Medieval
4077:Floating
4031:Japanese
3982:Communal
3972:Colonial
3937:Biblical
3902:Types of
3867:Parterre
3618:cite web
2438:cite web
2367:Archived
2259:See also
2227:provide
2217:Mongolia
2207:Mongolia
2150:lye soap
2115:kerosene
2111:gasoline
2085:Aromatic
1983:Fruiting
1954:mulberry
1929:Mackerel
1865:cucumber
1480:charcoal
1467:brackish
1461:Seawater
1422:fruiting
1237:Minerals
1193:rapeseed
1157:ruined.
1154:oil cake
1082:cinnamon
950:seaweeds
936:shoots,
930:angelica
918:dropwort
910:Purslane
842:molasses
802:chlorine
787:Fruiting
753:nitrogen
725:food web
676:reniform
652:glomalin
334:nitrogen
287:Japanese
249:Japanese
209:protozoa
197:bacteria
4806:Commons
4719:Ikebana
4671:Pruning
4597:Organic
4547:Roguing
4433:Cutting
4324:Victory
4299:Spanish
4279:Sensory
4224:Prairie
4192:Persian
4182:Orchard
4147:Kitchen
4142:Keyhole
4137:Italian
4132:Islamic
4127:Hanging
4086:French
4072:Fernery
4060:English
4019:Chinese
4004:Cottage
3932:Baroque
3904:gardens
3857:History
3564:Sources
2265:Compost
2211:In the
2050:ammonia
2046:compost
2020:sawdust
2004:piggery
1858:cabbage
1734:Biochar
1729:750 mL
1721:750 mL
1713:750 mL
1678:IMO – 2
1625:biochar
1605:jaggery
1507:Silicon
1493:granite
1474:Biochar
1455:tobacco
1377:petiole
1243:calcium
1056:maltose
1050:Maltose
946:pumpkin
922:mugwort
914:comfrey
897:ethanol
893:osmosis
838:jaggery
827:⁄
817:⁄
777:calcium
769:flowers
717:no-till
664:drought
660:Biochar
636:enzymes
472:2.5x10
428:rhizome
357:tilling
227:History
4556:Urban
4453:Taiwan
4448:Canada
4411:Botany
4404:Saikei
4399:Bonsai
4344:Winter
4329:Walled
4264:School
4259:Sacred
4214:Physic
4177:Mughal
4157:Market
4112:German
4090:formal
4082:Flower
4048:Korean
3967:Cactus
3952:Bottle
3912:Alpine
3862:Native
3815:Garden
3800:Forest
3701:
3691:
3652:
2174:Hawaii
2141:, and
2127:aphids
2091:brandy
2064:Aphids
1975:, big
1973:onions
1916:) and
1897:, and
1895:garlic
1891:ginger
1887:potato
1880:tomato
1873:squash
1871:, and
1854:turnip
1761:500 L
1753:7.5 L
1585:bamboo
1501:basalt
1415:legume
1388:sesame
1213:oxygen
1097:ginger
1093:garlic
1060:barley
1029:is an
948:, and
934:bamboo
878:citrus
858:papaya
854:banana
713:fallow
355:Avoid
330:manure
272:kimchi
253:山岸 巳代蔵
207:, and
4500:Plant
4438:Flora
4387:urban
4334:Water
4314:Trial
4284:Shade
4244:Roman
4117:Greek
4107:Front
4009:Dutch
3977:Color
3575:(PDF)
3517:(PDF)
3355:(PDF)
3299:(PDF)
3260:(PDF)
3229:(PDF)
3203:(PDF)
3073:(PDF)
3066:(PDF)
3035:(PDF)
2975:(PDF)
2947:(PDF)
2885:(PDF)
2860:(PDF)
2826:(PDF)
2801:(PDF)
2720:(PDF)
2609:(PDF)
2602:(PDF)
2568:(PDF)
2561:(PDF)
2536:(PDF)
2529:(PDF)
2492:(PDF)
2469:(PDF)
2239:China
2016:flies
1977:leeks
1956:, or
1933:mites
1869:lotus
1794:mulch
1758:Water
1408:humus
1381:veins
1280:Egg,
1172:from
1166:auxin
1123:vodka
942:beans
905:weeds
874:apple
872:, or
870:melon
866:grape
862:mango
656:tilth
610:yeast
572:cycle
559:4x10
542:1x10
525:6x10
506:8x10
489:3x10
363:waste
245:Japan
241:Korea
233:Suwon
201:fungi
4421:Crop
4254:Rose
4249:Roof
4239:Rock
4234:Rain
4197:Bāgh
4162:Mary
4152:Knot
4036:Roji
3927:Back
3757:and
3717:link
3699:OCLC
3689:ISBN
3650:ISBN
3624:link
3583:2016
3525:2016
3363:2016
3268:2016
3240:2016
3211:2016
3043:2016
2983:2016
2955:2016
2868:2016
2834:2016
2809:2016
2544:2016
2500:2016
2444:link
2243:The
2223:and
2221:Corn
2103:zinc
2028:Hogs
2022:and
1899:taro
1790:IMO4
1786:IMO3
1742:Soil
1718:WSCP
1601:BS/J
1577:rice
1547:Soil
1530:iron
1404:lime
1379:and
1360:and
1282:clam
1267:CaCO
1176:and
1119:Soju
1095:and
1064:malt
1054:KNF
989:tuna
974:Fish
912:and
779:and
719:and
711:and
608:and
432:Mold
415:and
291:現代農業
4304:Tea
4041:Zen
3942:Bog
2215:in
2172:In
2006:or
1941:).
1788:or
1726:FAA
1710:LAB
1702:BRV
1694:OHN
1686:FPJ
1634:or
1619:or
1603:or
1518:SiO
1224:raw
1025:).
836:or
550:120
533:144
497:110
313:or
215:or
193:KNF
4836::
3713:}}
3709:{{
3697:.
3666:.
3620:}}
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2897:^
2842:^
2775:^
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2732:^
2722:.
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612:.
602:,
598:,
556:30
553:12
539:30
536:10
522:30
519:46
516:31
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500:13
486:37
483:85
480:18
469:25
466:38
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