Knight - Knowledge

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on men's Clothes, and by a resolute sally, forced the Moors to raise the Siege. The Earl, finding himself obliged, by the gallentry of the action, thought fit to make his acknowlegements thereof, by granting them several Privileges and Immunities, and to perpetuate the memory of so signal an attempt, instituted an Order, somewhat like a Military Order, into which were admitted only those Brave Women, deriving the honour to their Descendants, and assigned them for a Badge, a thing like a Fryars Capouche, sharp at the top, after the form of a Torch, and of a crimson colour, to be worn upon their Head-clothes. He also ordained, that at all publick meetings, the women should have precedence of the Men. That they should be exempted from all Taxes, and that all the Apparel and Jewels, though of never so great value, left by their dead Husbands, should be their own. These Women having thus acquired this Honour by their personal Valour, carried themselves after the Military Knights of those days.

2006: 3088: 2229: 119: 3366: 1602: 2437: 1058: 9204: 82: 1125: 2948: 1054:, and would continue to do so for centuries afterwards. Although in some nations the knight returned to foot combat in the 14th century, the association of the knight with mounted combat with a spear, and later a lance, remained a strong one. The older Carolingian ceremony of presenting a young man with weapons influenced the emergence of knighthood ceremonies, in which a noble would be ritually given weapons and declared to be a knight, usually amid some festivities. 9469: 8342: 1739: 3838: 3466: 3681:(GCSI) in 1861, at the foundation of the order. Her daughter received the same honor in 1872, as well as her granddaughter in 1910. The order was open to "princes and chiefs" without distinction of gender. The first European woman to have been granted an order of knighthood was Queen Mary, when she was made a Knight Grand Commander of the same order, by special statute, in celebration of the Delhi Durbar of 1911. She was also granted a 2895: 9197: 1456: 3777: 9479: 2423:" (the latter is not a title, but a Dutch honorific to show that someone belongs to the untitled nobility). The collective term for its holders in a certain locality is the Ridderschap (e.g. Ridderschap van Holland, Ridderschap van Friesland, etc.). In the Netherlands no female equivalent exists. Before 1814, the history of nobility is separate for each of the eleven provinces that make up the 9211: 3854: 3389:, on being appointed to a degree of knighthood, does not received the accolade. He receives the insignia of his honour and may place the appropriate letters after his name or title but he may not be called Sir and his wife may not be called Lady. This custom is not observed in Australia and New Zealand, where knighted Anglican clergymen routinely use the title "Sir". 1587:. The early Crusades helped to clarify the moral code of chivalry as it related to religion. As a result, Christian armies began to devote their efforts to sacred purposes. As time passed, clergy instituted religious vows which required knights to use their weapons chiefly for the protection of the weak and defenseless, especially women and orphans, and of churches. 3768:

militissa), Du Cange notes that still in his day (17th century), the female canons of the canonical monastery of St. Gertrude in Nivelles (Brabant), after a probation of 3 years, are made knights (militissae) at the altar, by a (male) knight called in for that purpose, who gives them the accolade with a sword and pronounces the usual words.

1439:, and sometimes at the wedding of a noble or royal. The knighting ceremony usually involved a ritual bath on the eve of the ceremony and a prayer vigil during the night. On the day of the ceremony, the would-be knight would swear an oath and the master of the ceremony would dub the new knight on the shoulders with a sword. Squires, and even 1264:) in return for their loyalty, protection, and service. The nobles also provided their knights with necessities, such as lodging, food, armour, weapons, horses, and money. The knight generally held his lands by military tenure which was measured through military service that usually lasted 40 days a year. The military service was the 3731:(1772–1859), who fought in the Revolutionary Wars, received a military disability pension in 1798, the rank of 2nd lieutenant in 1822, and the Legion of Honor in 1852. A recipient of the Ordre National du Mérite recently requested from the order's Chancery the permission to call herself "chevalière," and the request was granted. 1077:. These were given to the captains directly by the Emperor to reward their efforts in the conquests, and they in turn were to grant benefices to their warrior contingents, who were a mix of free and unfree men. In the century or so following Charlemagne's death, his newly empowered warrior class grew stronger still, and 1637:. In this competition, two knights charge each other with blunt wooden lances in an effort to break their lance on the opponent's head or body or unhorse them completely. The loser in these tournaments had to turn his armour and horse over to the victor. The last day was filled with feasting, dancing and 1347:, and academic studies with priests or chaplains. Pages then become assistants to older knights in battle, carrying and cleaning armour, taking care of the horses, and packing the baggage. They would accompany the knights on expeditions, even into foreign lands. Older pages were instructed by knights in 3591:

which remains Poland's most prestigious order of that kind. The head of state (now the President as the acting Grand Master) confers knighthoods of the order to distinguished citizens, foreign monarchs and other heads of state. The order has its chapter. There were no particular honorifics that would

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The journalist Alexander von Schönburg dealt with nature and the possible necessity of chivalry. In view of the complete social disorientation of the people he diagnosed, he calls for a return to virtues such as modesty, wisdom and, above all, loyalty. For, according to him, the common creed today is

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almost from the start. In all, 68 women were appointed between 1358 and 1488, including all consorts. Though many were women of royal blood, or wives of knights of the Garter, some women were neither. They wore the garter on the left arm, and some are shown on their tombstones with this arrangement.

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When chivalry had long since declined, the cavalry of the early modern era clung to the old ideals. Even the first fighter pilots of the First World War, in the 20th century, still resorted to knightly ideas in their duels in the sky, aimed at fairness and honesty. At least; such chivalry was spread

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was disrespected or challenged and the conflict could not be resolved in court. Weapons were standardized and must be of the same caliber. The duel lasted until the other party was too weak to fight back and in early cases, the defeated party were then subsequently executed. Examples of these brutal

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The inhabitants being at length reduced to great streights, desired relief of the Earl, but he, being not in a condition to give them any, they entertained some thoughts of making a surrender. Which the Women hearing of, to prevent the disaster threatening their City, themselves, and Children, put

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the monarchs tried to establish chivalric orders, but the hereditary lords who controlled the Union did not agree and managed to ban such assemblies. They feared the king would use orders to gain support for absolutist goals and to make formal distinctions among the peerage, which could lead to its

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While on the one hand attempts are made again and again to revive or restore old knightly orders in order to gain prestige, awards and financial advantages, on the other hand old orders continue to exist or are activated. This especially in the environment of ruling or formerly ruling noble houses.

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to consider the importance of knights in the 21st century. Accordingly, knights must take an active part in the fight against misery in society, especially today. The current activities of the Knights of the Order of Malta and the Order of St. John, who since the beginning of the 20th century have

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became a model of the ideal virtues of nobility. Castiglione's tale took the form of a discussion among the nobility of the court of the Duke of Urbino, in which the characters determine that the ideal knight should be renowned not only for his bravery and prowess in battle, but also as a skilled

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in 864, largely moving away from the infantry-based traditional armies and calling upon all men who could afford it to answer calls to arms on horseback to quickly repel the constant and wide-ranging Viking attacks, which is considered the beginnings of the period of knights that were to become so

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From roughly 1560, purely honorific orders were established, as a way to confer prestige and distinction, unrelated to military service and chivalry in the more narrow sense. Such orders were particularly popular in the 17th and 18th centuries, and knighthood continues to be conferred in various

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At the initiative of Catherine Baw in 1441, and 10 years later of Elizabeth, Mary, and Isabella of the house of Hornes, orders were founded which were open exclusively to women of noble birth, who received the French title of chevalière or the Latin title of equitissa. In his Glossarium (s.v.

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Armies of the time started adopting a more realistic approach to warfare than the honor-bound code of chivalry. Soon, the remaining knights were absorbed into professional armies. Although they had a higher rank than most soldiers because of their valuable lineage, they lost their distinctive

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that were faster to train, cheaper to equip, and easier to mobilize. The advancement of high-powered firearms contributed greatly to the decline in use of plate armour, as the time it took to train soldiers with guns was much less compared to that of the knight. The cost of equipment was also

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historically bestowed hereditary knighthoods to holders of the highest ranks in the Royal Orders. Today, the head of the Royal House of Portugal Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, bestows hereditary knighthoods for extraordinary acts of sacrifice and service to the Royal House. There are very few

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Knights were expected, above all, to fight bravely and to display military professionalism and courtesy. When knights were taken as prisoners of war, they were customarily held for ransom in somewhat comfortable surroundings. This same standard of conduct did not apply to non-knights

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It was not always necessary to be the wife of a knight in order to take this title. Sometimes, when some male fiefs were conceded by special privilege to women, they took the rank of chevaleresse, as one sees plainly in Hemricourt where women who were not wives of knights are called

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In peacetime, knights often demonstrated their martial skills in tournaments, which usually took place on the grounds of a castle. Knights could parade their armour and banner to the whole court as the tournament commenced. Medieval tournaments were made up of martial sports called

1692:, a knight or a group of knights would claim a bridge, lane or city gate, and challenge other passing knights to fight or be disgraced. If a lady passed unescorted, she would leave behind a glove or scarf, to be rescued and returned to her by a future knight who passed that way. 3253:, and the award of their highest ranks (Knight/Dame Commander and Knight/Dame Grand Cross), comes together with an honorific knighthood, making them a cross between orders of chivalry and orders of merit. By contrast, membership of other British orders of merit, such as the 1664:

practiced this tradition. Judicial combat was of two forms in medieval society, the feat of arms and chivalric combat. The feat of arms were done to settle hostilities between two large parties and supervised by a judge. The chivalric combat was fought when one party's

3409:, apparently somewhat to the consternation of officials at Buckingham Palace. A woman clerk in holy orders may be made a Dame in exactly the same way as any other woman since there are no military connotations attached to the honour. A clerk in holy orders who is a 2323:, was reactivated by the House of Habsburg after its dissolution by Nazi Germany and the fall of the Iron Curtain. And in republican France, deserved personalities are highlighted to this day by the award of the Knight of Honor (Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur - 2749:

in the view of the British legal system. However, unlike knights, the title is hereditary and the recipient does not receive an accolade. The position is therefore more comparable with hereditary knighthoods in continental European orders of nobility, such as

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The institution of knights was already well-established by the 10th century. While the knight was essentially a title denoting a military office, the term could also be used for positions of higher nobility such as landholders. The higher nobles grant the

2427:. In each of these, there were in the early Middle Ages a number of feudal lords who often were just as powerful, and sometimes more so than the rulers themselves. During this period, knights ranked below the ruler and above the feudal barons (Dutch: 1086:

famous and spread throughout Europe in the following centuries. The period of chaos in the 9th and 10th centuries, between the fall of the Carolingian central authority and the rise of separate Western and Eastern Frankish kingdoms (later to become

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and his armoured cavalry were decimated by Swiss pikemen. As the feudal system came to an end, lords saw no further use of knights. Many landowners found the duties of knighthood too expensive and so contented themselves with the use of squires.

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A knight had to be born of nobility – typically sons of knights or lords. In some cases, commoners could also be knighted as a reward for extraordinary military service. Children of the nobility were cared for by noble foster-mothers in

709:. In modern times these are orders centered around charity and civic service, and are no longer military orders. Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility, but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state, monarch, or 2756:, than with knighthoods under the British orders of chivalry. However, unlike the continental orders, the British baronetcy system was a modern invention, designed specifically to raise money for the Crown with the purchase of the title. 2213:

demonstrated a marked departure from the chivalric romance of late medieval literature, and the chivalric ideal ceased to influence literature over successive centuries until it saw some pockets of revival in post-Victorian literature.

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The Crusades set the stage for several religious knightly military orders, including the Knights Templar, the Teutonic Knights, and the Hospitallers. These groups defended the Holy Land and protected pilgrims traveling to and from the

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Medieval French had two words, chevaleresse and chevalière, which were used in two ways: one was for the wife of a knight, and this usage goes back to the 14th century. The other was possibly for a female knight. Here is a quote from

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to ride with the Emperor in his wide-ranging campaigns of conquest. At about this time the Franks increasingly remained on horseback to fight on the battlefield as true cavalry rather than mounted infantry, with the discovery of the

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accompany a knight's name, as historically all (or at least by far most) of its members would be royals or hereditary lords anyway. So today, a knight is simply referred to as "Name Surname, knight of the White Eagle (Order)".

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identity that previously set them apart from common soldiers. Some knightly orders survived into modern times. They adopted newer technology while still retaining their age-old chivalric traditions. Examples include the

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hereditary knights and they are entitled to wear an oval neck badge with the shield of the house of Braganza. As there are two classes of hereditary knights in Portugal, the highest grade is the hereditary knight with

5482: 1443:, could also be conferred direct knighthood early if they showed valor and efficiency for their service; such acts may include deploying for an important quest or mission, or protecting a high diplomat or a 9177: 5990: 1625:, and were not only a major spectator sport but also played as a real combat simulation. It usually ended with many knights either injured or even killed. One contest was a free-for-all battle called a 5898:

Hillevi Hofmann "Royale Würdigung: Diese Stars wurden von der Queen geadelt" In: Kurier 23 July 2018; "Elton John bekommt die höchste Auszeichnung von Frankreich" In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung 21 June 2019.

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The hereditary Order of Baronets was erected by patent in England by King James I in 1611, extended to Ireland by the same Monarch in 1619, and first conferred in Scotland by King Charles I in 1625.

2433:). In the Netherlands only 10 knightly families are still extant, a number which steadily decreases because in that country ennoblement or incorporation into the nobility is not possible anymore. 1706:

One of the greatest distinguishing marks of the knightly class was the flying of coloured banners, to display power and to distinguish knights in battle and in tournaments. Knights are generally

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of the time. The creation of chivalric orders was fashionable among the nobility in the 14th and 15th centuries, and this is still reflected in contemporary honours systems, including the term

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and were made of wooden boards that were roughly half an inch thick. Towards the end of the 10th century, oval shields were lengthened to cover the left knee of the mounted warrior, called the

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Today, a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in Christian Churches, as well as in several historically Christian countries and their former territories, such as the Roman Catholic

1631:, where large groups of knights numbering hundreds assembled and fought one another, and the last knight standing was the winner. The most popular and romanticized contest for knights was the 3181:

that also follow this practice. Modern knighthoods are typically conferred in recognition for services rendered to society, which are not necessarily martial in nature. The British musician

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legal breakup into two separate classes, and that the king would later play one against the other and eventually limit the legal privileges of hereditary nobility. But finally in 1705 King

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could be used for the wife of a knight; however, this style is largely archaic and is only used in the most formal of documents, or where the wife is a Dame in her own right (such as Dame

1906:. The torso was not the only part of the knight to receive this plate protection evolution, as the elbows and shoulders were covered with circular pieces of metal, commonly referred to as 481: 843:

A narrowing of the generic meaning "servant" to "military follower of a king or other superior" is visible by 1100. The specific military sense of a knight as a mounted warrior in the

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as a pre-nominal honorific in much the same way as it is used for secular purposes in Britain and the Philippines. Wives of such individuals also typically assume the title of Lady.

851:. The verb "to knight" (to make someone a knight) appears around 1300; and, from the same time, the word "knighthood" shifted from "adolescence" to "rank or dignity of a knight". 3677:). The first woman to be granted a knighthood in modern Britain seems to have been Nawab Sikandar Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Bhopal, who became a Knight Grand Commander of the 1377:, and attended to assigned duties in his lord's household. During this time, the squires continued training in combat and were allowed to own armour (rather than borrowing it). 1888:, which was originally a small helm worn under the larger great helm, evolved to be worn solely, and would eventually have pivoted or hinged visors, the most popular was the 1718:. As heavier armour, including enlarged shields and enclosed helmets, developed in the Middle Ages, the need for marks of identification arose, and with coloured shields and 1220:

among the warrior class. The ideal of chivalry as the ethos of the Christian warrior, and the transmutation of the term "knight" from the meaning "servant, soldier", and of

3509:, honorific knighthood (not hereditary) can be conferred by the king on particularly meritorious individuals such as scientists or eminent businessmen, or for instance to 1515:. During the Middle Ages, this grew from simple military professionalism into a social code including the values of gentility, nobility and treating others reasonably. In 6327: 1822:

was used during the 13th and the first half of the 14th century. Around 1350, square shields called bouched shields appeared, which had a notch in which to place the

4101: 2519:. This designation is used as a title of nobility in all German-speaking areas. Traditionally it denotes the second lowest rank within the nobility, standing above " 1580:('cavalier'), simultaneously denoted skilled horsemanship and military service, and these remained the primary occupations of knighthood throughout the Middle Ages. 1151:(true knights). As the term "knight" became increasingly confined to denoting a social rank, the military role of fully armoured cavalryman gained a separate term, " 6398: 474: 2608:

also had the hereditary knighthood that existed within their respective systems of nobility. Just as with the Royal House of Portugal, the Royal House of Italy -

4485: 2170:" expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight's life, though still laying stress on the primarily military focus of knighthood. 9482: 7418: 5055:

wrote "I should attribute the origins of love to the influences of the Arabs' poetry and chivalry upon European ideas rather than to medieval Christianity."

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Outside the British honours system it is usually considered improper to address a knighted person as 'Sir' or 'Dame' (notable exceptions are members of the

1496:, etc.) who were often slaughtered after capture, and who were viewed during battle as mere impediments to knights' getting to other knights to fight them. 821:

might have fought alongside their lords, their role as household servants features more prominently in the Anglo-Saxon texts. In several Anglo-Saxon wills

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who served as an elite fighter or a bodyguard for a lord, with payment in the form of land holdings. The lords trusted the knights, who were skilled in

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After 1488, no other appointments of women are known, although it is said that the Garter was conferred upon Neapolitan poet Laura Bacio Terricina, by

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than mail armour did.Plate armor reached his peak in the 15th and 16th centuries, but was still used at the beginning of the 17th century by the first

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as their main form of defence. Mail was extremely flexible and provided good protection against sword cuts, but weak against blunt weapons such as the

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These mobile mounted warriors made Charlemagne's far-flung conquests possible, and to secure their service he rewarded them with grants of land called

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was knighted). The husbands of Dames have no honorific pre-nominal, so Dame Norma's husband remained John Major until he received his own knighthood.

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significantly lower, and guns had a reasonable chance to easily penetrate a knight's armour. In the 14th century the use of infantrymen armed with

9350: 6545: 1274:. Vassals and lords could maintain any number of knights, although knights with more military experience were those most sought after. Thus, all 6602: 2315:, which also includes members such as Steven Spielberg, Nelson Mandela and Bill Gates, in the 21st century. In Central Europe, for example, the 618:

as an anti-personnel, gunpowder-fired weapon – began to render classical knights in armour obsolete, but the titles remained in many countries.

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Church, S. and Harvey, R. (Eds.) (1994) Medieval knighthood V: papers from the sixth Strawberry Hill Conference 1994. Boydell Press, Woodbridge

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Vinzenz Stimpfl-Abele "Ritter heute – ein Anachronismus?" In: Magazin der Union der Europäischen wehrhistorischen Gruppen Nr. 048/2019, pp 24.

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first appeared in the 13th century, when plates were added onto the torso and mounted to a base of leather. This form of armour is known as a

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Clerics and the Church often opposed the practices of the Knights because of their abuses against women and civilians, and many such as St.

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In the early Renaissance greater emphasis was laid upon courtliness. The ideal courtier—the chivalrous knight—of Baldassarre Castiglione's

2598:(the lower rank being Squire), as the romanticism and prestige associated with the term grew in the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. 8850: 8802: 8146: 8021: 6119: 3654: 2995: 2613: 1543:(1275) demonstrates that by the end of the 13th century, chivalry entailed a litany of very specific duties, including riding warhorses, 1278:

intending to become prosperous knights needed a great deal of military experience. A knight fighting under another's banner was called a

2590:, but enforce and carry out their orders on a routine basis as well. Later the term came to officially designate the higher rank of the 8031: 3755:

in 1261. It was the first religious order of knighthood to grant the rank of militissa to women. However, this order was suppressed by

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The second is being granted honorific knighthood by the British sovereign without membership of an order, the recipient being called

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Klaus-Peter Schmid "Der Kampf ums rote Band. Die Ehrenlegion – ein Kapitel französischer Eitelkeit." In: Die Zeit 28 September 1979.

2612:, continue to confer their dynastic orders of chivalry on both Italian and non-Italian citizens, these dynastic orders include the; 1555:

and hunting, as well as aspiring to the more æthereal virtues of "faith, hope, charity, justice, strength, moderation and loyalty."

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increasingly provided extensive medical and charitable services during wars and peacetime, have also developed in this direction.

506:(including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. 8830: 8138: 8076: 3358:; but in that year the prohibition was lifted, and it is now permitted to use the titles immediately, from the time the award is 2648:

There are traces of the Continental system of hereditary knighthood in Ireland. Notably all three of the following belong to the

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Bernhard Kreutner "Gefangener 2959. Das Leben des Heinrich Maier, Mann Gottes und unbeugsamer Widerstandskämpfer" (2021), p 82.

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William Henry Jackson. "Aspects of Knighthood in Hartmann's Adaptations of Chretien's Romances and in the Social Context." In

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was created (it was the first order explicitly open to women). The Royal Victorian Order was opened to women in 1936, and the

1795:. Thus, the sword was a status symbol among the knightly class. Swords were effective against lightly armoured enemies, while 9120: 8113: 6223: 6169:"Review of Knighthoods of Christ: Essays on the History of the Crusades and the Knights Templar. Presented to Malcolm Barber" 5637: 5550: 5417: 5141: 5068: 4991: 4966: 4843: 4514: 4466: 4071: 2637: 2499: 5823: 3087: 1155:". Although any medieval knight going to war would automatically serve as a man-at-arms, not all men-at-arms were knights. 8792: 8767: 8123: 2601: 3633:. In 1638, a proposal was made to revive the use of robes for the wives of knights in ceremonies, but this did not occur. 2339:

roughness, ignorance and egocentrism. Vinzenz Stimpfl-Abele, Procurator of the Habsburg Order of St. George, goes back to

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of chivalry, which is essential to the modern concept of the knight, as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of

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in 732, the Frankish forces were still largely infantry armies, with elites riding to battle but dismounting to fight.

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confers their dynastic orders of chivalry on both Italian and non-italian citizens, including the dynastic orders of;

2550:, the hereditary knighthood existed similarly throughout as a title of nobility, as well as in regions formerly under 1503:

for knights, who were relatively affluent horse owners and were expected to provide military services in exchange for

1069:, c. 1070). The rank of knight developed in the 12th century from the mounted warriors of the 10th and 11th centuries. 721:. Knighthoods and damehoods are traditionally regarded as being one of the most prestigious awards people can obtain. 622:(1459–1519) is often referred to as the "last knight" in this regard; however, some of the most iconic battles of the 8965: 8268: 8151: 7994: 7060: 7035: 7013: 6992: 6975: 6927: 6913: 6892: 6864: 6850: 6836: 6818: 6790: 5254: 5173: 4939: 4639: 4424: 4399: 4375: 4021: 3698: 3588: 3262: 3238: 2934: 2782: 2679: 2675: 2328: 1938:

came about in the mid 14th century. Overall, plate armour offered better protection against piercing weapons such as

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Knights of the late medieval era were expected by society to maintain all these skills and many more, as outlined in

1414:, and dancing – the prerequisite skills for knighthood. All of these were even performed while wearing armour. 670: 2011: 1094:

respectively) only entrenched this newly landed warrior class. This was because governing power and defense against

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A Concise History of Knighthood: Containing the Religious and Military Orders which have been Instituted in Europe

4539: 3956: 2498:. Like in the Netherlands, no female equivalent to the title exists. Belgium still does have about 232 registered 8916: 8753: 6473:"The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle | British Peerage, History & Significance | Britannica" 3711: 3323:

Wives of knights, however, are entitled to the honorific pre-nominal "Lady" before their husband's surname. Thus

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in the media. This idea was then completely lost in later wars or was perverted by Nazi Germany, which awarded a

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By the mid to late 16th century, knights were quickly becoming obsolete as countries started creating their own

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and turned over to the care of the castle's lords. They were placed on an early training regime of hunting with

8006: 5742: 4757:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982, 1985 reprinting), p. 246, does not give a probable origin, and merely compares 3401:

in 1969. A knight who is subsequently ordained does not lose his title. A famous example of this situation was

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is portrayed as the ideal knight, demonstrating unwavering loyalty, military prowess and social fellowship. In

1009:, which often rode to battle on horseback rather than marching on foot. When the armies of the Frankish ruler 8396: 8299: 8071: 8066: 7550: 4489: 3976: 3926: 3552: 3495: 3417: 2625: 1006: 9487: 8787: 8758: 8294: 8128: 8093: 8044: 7768: 5678: 5058: 4543: 3727:) since the mid-19th century, but they are usually called chevaliers. The first documented case is that of 3560: 3032: 1314: 1001:, were mainly cavalry. However, it was the Franks who generally fielded armies composed of large masses of 997:

who occupied Europe from the 3rd century AD onward had been mounted, and some armies, such as those of the

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culture or familiarized with it during training. These knights, among others, were called in to end large

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It was only over the following century, with the successful conquest of the Holy Land and the rise of the

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Up until 1965 it was not permitted to use these titles until after the knight concerned had received the

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In the course of the 12th century, knighthood became a social rank with a distinction being made between

702: 42: 6218:. Nikolaus (First issued in paperback ed.). London New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. 5907: 3544: 8538: 8371: 8228: 7567: 7088: 5887: 4306: 4001: 3678: 3556: 3028: 2424: 2374: 1811: 694: 663: 17: 5788: 4881: 4863: 1045:

Age progressed, the Franks were generally on the attack, and larger numbers of warriors took to their

717:, often for service to the Church or country. The modern female equivalent in the English language is 8921: 8888: 8253: 8193: 6610: 4700:

D'A. J. D. Boulton, "Classic Knighthood as Nobiliary Dignity", in Stephen Church, Ruth Harvey (ed.),

3604: 3474: 3080: 2114: 2092: 1679: 1568:, though the book's protagonist, Count Ludovico, states the "first and true profession" of the ideal 1431:

The accolade or knighting ceremony was usually held during one of the great feasts or holidays, like

1046: 38: 5970:

Andrea S. Klahre "Zwischen lässig und lästig: Warum Anstand cool ist" In Handelsblatt, 14 July 2019.

5660: 4417:

Arms & armor of the medieval knight : an illustrated history of weaponry in the Middle Ages

3748: 8840: 8198: 8188: 7545: 7357: 6328:"The Order of Saint George — The Oldest Secular Knightly Order in Hungary | Hungarian Conservative" 4662: 4192: 3634: 3166: 2629: 2175: 2063: 1746:

that was a popular style in the mid 15th to early 16th century (depiction made in the 18th century)

1564: 1552: 1229: 73: 6825:

The Knights of the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later Medieval Europe, 1325–1520

6724: 6631: 6422: 5322: 5226:

Keen, Maurice Keen. Chivalry. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press (February 11, 2005). pp. 7–17.

5109: 4591: 3941: 3827:, The Institution, Laws, and Ceremony of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (1672), Ch. 3, sect. 3 2965:, the military orders became idealized and romanticized, resulting in the late medieval notion of 2031:. While chivalric romances abound, particularly notable literary portrayals of knighthood include 8940: 8878: 8835: 8566: 8345: 8243: 8178: 4896: 4753: 4127: 3961: 3788: 3452: 3116: 2912: 2905: 2837: 2389: 753: 69: 6101: 2257:

and fighting in close formation also proved effective against heavy cavalry, such as during the

1224:"mounted soldier", to refer to a member of this ideal class, is significantly influenced by the 8898: 8873: 8613: 8203: 7832: 7574: 5052: 4629: 4473:

Knights were often vassals, or lesser nobles, who fought on behalf of lords in return for land.

4011: 3996: 3876: 3499: 3250: 3226: 3112: 3069: 3065: 3039: 3021: 2877: 2798: 2531:

in the Middle Ages, it can be considered roughly equal to the titles of "Knight" or "Baronet".

2340: 2210: 2058: 2024: 1559: 1526: 1171: 627: 5301:. Cranbury, NJ: Rosemont Publishing & Printing–Associated University Presses. p. 137. 5276: 5244: 4458: 3540: 2381:. This order can also be granted to persons not belonging to the Spanish Crown, as the former 1880:

to be made in the late 12th to early 13th centuries, this eventually would evolve to make the

8893: 8364: 8258: 8233: 8223: 8213: 8208: 8061: 7129: 7081: 7023: 6967: 6934: 6691: 6308: 6015: 5647: 4956: 4117: 3951: 3891: 3728: 3483: 3242: 3061: 3010: 2714: 2710: 2555: 2044: 1727: 1605: 1596: 1548: 848: 682: 6671: 6651: 6587: 6074: 5809: 4931: 3365: 2853: 2586:, or chain mail shirt worn almost daily by knights, as they would not only fight for their 2373:

grants titles of knighthood to the successor of the throne. This knighthood title, known as

9355: 9051: 8928: 8825: 8810: 8623: 8588: 8571: 8482: 8319: 8314: 8218: 8088: 8039: 7433: 7399: 7384: 7220: 7167: 6399:"Political Networking in the Middle Ages: The Order of the Dragon | Hungarian Conservative" 5629: 3886: 3866: 3642: 3630: 3516:, the second Belgian in space. This practice is similar to the conferral of the dignity of 3222: 3155: 3147: 3050: 2988: 2621: 2370: 2362:

In continental Europe different systems of hereditary knighthood have existed or do exist.

2131: 2109: 2087: 2082: 2053: 1726:

were created to record the knights of various regions or those who participated in various

1671: 1137: 1106:

attack became an essentially local affair which revolved around these new hereditary local

631: 600: 408: 5621: 4056: 1810:, which could be used to block strikes and projectiles. Oval shields were used during the 806: 8: 9420: 9343: 9338: 8868: 8863: 8654: 8520: 8404: 7703: 7508: 7483: 7463: 7367: 7019: 4147: 4051: 3936: 3911: 3858: 3625: 3600: 3564: 3218: 3054: 3017: 3006: 2975: 2955: 2279: 2196: 2068: 2020: 1961:

were the first form of medieval horse coverage and was used much like the surcoat. Other

1903: 1743: 1512: 1500: 1402:

and diving, shooting different types of weapons, climbing, participation in tournaments,

1384: 1306: 1163: 802: 678: 635: 623: 553:. Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship (and especially the 6241:"Teutonic State Order's Cultural Heritage in Towns of Warmia-Masuria Province in Poland" 5507: 4046: 1902:, and was initially used over chain mail in the 13th and 14th centuries, at the time of 1682:

in 1386. A far more chivalric duel which became popular in the Late Middle Ages was the

1129: 557:) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the 118: 8707: 8550: 7860: 7842: 7837: 7825: 7659: 7478: 7458: 7428: 7210: 7182: 6729: 6696: 6676: 6656: 6636: 6196: 5603: 5519: 5264: 5011: 3966: 3921: 3214: 3043: 2970: 2867: 2863: 2738: 2652: 2436: 2206: 2163: 2033: 1627: 1535:(c. 1205), chivalry had become a blend of religious duties, love and military service. 1517: 1310: 1057: 912:

arose terms in the various Romance languages cognate with the (French-derived) English

882:. This class is often translated as "knight"; the medieval knight, however, was called 787: 780: 9203: 6522:"The Most Honourable Order of the Bath | History, Ranks & Recipients | Britannica" 3370: 2829:, under the influence of the orders in the Holy Land and the Crusader movement of the 1082: 9408: 8644: 8528: 8497: 7865: 7783: 7520: 7473: 7411: 7240: 7063: 7056: 7038: 7031: 7009: 6995: 6988: 6971: 6939: 6923: 6909: 6888: 6860: 6846: 6832: 6814: 6793: 6786: 6270: 6219: 6188: 5768: 5738: 5633: 5607: 5595: 5556: 5546: 5444: 5413: 5377: 5356: 5250: 5227: 5193: 5169: 5137: 5064: 4987: 4962: 4935: 4839: 4818: 4635: 4616:

Chretien de Troyes and the German Middle Ages: Papers from an International Symposium

4462: 4451: 4420: 4395: 4371: 4061: 3906: 3752: 3694: 3658: 3479: 3386: 3382: 3234: 3076: 2873: 2826: 2697: 2671: 2605: 2551: 2535: 2039: 1988: 1984: 1657: 1461: 1213: 1183: 1030: 1014: 698: 690: 686: 655: 562: 550: 522: 455: 100: 6753: 6423:"The Order of the Golden Fleece | Philip the Good, Burgundy, Charles V | Britannica" 5461: 3723:

Modern French orders of knighthood include women, for example the Légion d'Honneur (

1868:

Helmets of the knight of the early periods usually were more open helms such as the

1601: 9510: 9435: 9430: 9105: 8718: 8451: 8309: 8183: 8083: 7913: 7721: 7611: 7562: 7535: 7288: 7283: 7136: 6260: 6252: 6240: 6180: 6076:

General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire

5991:"The Fons Honorum, Prerogatives and Privileges of the Portuguese House of Bragança" 5625: 5587: 5515: 5210: 5165: 4316: 4286: 4177: 4142: 4107: 3986: 3971: 3881: 3810: 3491: 3440: 3378: 2810: 2706: 2656: 2382: 2366: 2324: 2311:

For example, the British Queen Elizabeth II regularly appointed new members to the

2283: 2262: 2223: 2167: 2048: 1992: 1777: 1399: 1209: 1187: 1179: 1078: 1062: 994: 639: 611: 534: 526: 367: 231: 86: 6897:

Edwards, J. C. "What Earthly Reason? The replacement of the longbow by handguns."

6256: 5483:"The Art of Chivalry: European Arms and Armor from The Metropolitan Museum of Art" 4925: 2595: 2396: 2126:, which was to be important to the development of chivalric ideals in literature. 62:"Knights" redirects here. For the Roman social class also known as "knights", see 9515: 9460: 9440: 9425: 9360: 9316: 9289: 9166: 9115: 9110: 8742: 8608: 8442: 8425: 8054: 7746: 7557: 7303: 7293: 6980: 6950:

The Book of Chivalry of Geoffrey De Charny : Text, Context, and Translation.

6874: 6782: 6312: 6216:

The chronicle of Prussia: a history of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia, 1190-1331

5918:

Johannes Weichhart "St.-Georgs-Orden feierte im Dom" In: Der Kurier, 10 May 2014.

5827: 5407: 5089: 4172: 4162: 4157: 4112: 4076: 4026: 3981: 3946: 3842: 3724: 3536: 3517: 3456: 3406: 3402: 3269: 3230: 3186: 2847: 2804: 2765: 2667: 2591: 2571: 2470: 2440: 2378: 2258: 2233: 1951: 1907: 1877: 1834: 1796: 1757: 1675: 1645: 1508: 1504: 1286: 1280: 1198: 1175: 1140:

were convinced that Knights served the devil and not God, and needed reforming.

1066: 1018: 890: 745: 424: 133: 81: 6447: 3653:

in 1937). The first non-royal woman to be made Lady Companion of the Garter was

2729:

Since 1611, the British Crown has awarded a hereditary title in the form of the

752:("servant, bondsman, vassal"). This meaning, of unknown origin, is common among 525:

in Christian Europe, knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors. During the

9299: 9083: 8997: 8772: 8697: 8678: 8603: 8560: 8545: 8461: 8011: 7955: 7794: 7751: 7679: 7423: 7394: 7319: 7273: 7215: 7172: 6375: 5575: 4081: 3931: 3916: 3521: 3513: 3470: 3393:

of other Christian Churches are entitled to receive the accolade. For example,

3324: 3258: 3203: 3108: 2742: 2685: 2660: 2649: 2609: 2559: 2540: 2466: 2461: 2408: 2403: 2300: 2185: 2140: 1899: 1846: 1787:

The sword was a weapon designed to be used solely in combat; it was useless in

1684: 1335: 1275: 1124: 1010: 989: 875: 530: 284: 258: 219: 9234: 6296: 6144:"(PDF) The Order of Saint Lazarus - Cartulary: Vol. I - 12th - 14th centuries" 5591: 5036: 4815:

Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400–800 A.D.)

1232:

of monastic warriors, and on the other hand also cross-influenced by Islamic (

9504: 9445: 9403: 9328: 9284: 9127: 9088: 8729: 7852: 7649: 7438: 7308: 7298: 7256: 7230: 7225: 7162: 7122: 7052: 6828: 6274: 6192: 5599: 5560: 5133: 4930:. Berkeley, US and Los Angeles, US: University of California Press. pp. 4758: 4236: 4152: 4137: 4066: 3991: 3901: 3846: 3824: 3756: 3662: 3394: 3196: 3091: 2843: 2792: 2528: 2415:. It is the lowest title within the nobility system and ranks below that of " 2304: 2254: 2249: 2127: 2078: 1974: 1943: 1889: 1849:

caused by mail. In hotter climates metal rings became too hot, so sleeveless

1819: 1610: 1352: 1348: 1167: 844: 503: 450: 186: 181: 176: 90: 6712:

Knights of Christ : Living today with the Virtues of Ancient Knighthood

4702:

Medieval knighthood V: papers from the sixth Strawberry Hill Conference 1994

1369:. In a religious ceremony, the new squire swore on a sword consecrated by a 9398: 9033: 8690: 8487: 8387: 7885: 7812: 7591: 7581: 7500: 7250: 7157: 7107: 5123: 4231: 4167: 4031: 3871: 3682: 3646: 3191: 2429: 2392: 2327:). In contrast, the knights of the ecclesiastical knightly orders like the 2180:

dancer, athlete, singer and orator, and he should also be well-read in the

1895: 1869: 1854: 1723: 1711: 1493: 1411: 1266: 984: 898: 879: 871: 588: 279: 243: 191: 166: 161: 3524:. In addition, there still are a number of hereditary knights in Belgium ( 2947: 2857: 826: 794:, which also meant knight; but this meaning was in decline by about 1200. 9393: 9383: 9244: 9171: 9002: 8989: 8883: 8724: 8636: 8618: 8400: 8049: 7880: 7870: 7820: 7802: 7713: 7674: 7468: 7379: 7362: 6806:, 2nd ed. Translated by Manyon. London: Routledge & Keagn Paul, 1965. 6714:(Kindle Edition). West Bow Press. (May 22, 2012). p.xxx. ASIN: B00A4Z2FUY 6184: 5396:. Canary Press (August 15, 2011). Chapter: Pas D'armes. ASIN: B005HJTS8O. 5157: 4765: 4618:, ed. Martin H. Jones and Roy Wisbey. Suffolk: D. S. Brewer, 1993. 37–55. 4567: 4528:"Kaiser Maximilian I.: Der letzte Ritter und das höfische Turnier" (2014) 4525: 4331: 4271: 4266: 4226: 3782: 3686: 3502:. Additionally there remain a few hereditary knights in the Netherlands. 3344: 3131: 3120: 3095: 2951: 2830: 2587: 2444: 2412: 2267: 2237: 2201: 2123: 2073: 1947: 1873: 1815: 1536: 1191: 1152: 1042: 1038: 830: 757: 734: 713:

to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement, as in the

659: 647: 643: 578: 542: 6200: 6168: 5767:. Harper Perennial (July 26, 2011). pp. Introduction: What is a Knight. 2395:

or the relevant Spanish politician of the Spanish democratic transition

1583:

Chivalry and religion were mutually influenced during the period of the

886:

in Latin (which in classical Latin meant "soldier", normally infantry).

634:, took place after his rule. The ideals of chivalry were popularized in 9279: 9261: 9154: 9066: 8712: 8593: 7895: 7235: 6920:

The Military Orders: From the Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Centuries

6265: 4301: 4221: 3348: 3305: 3289: 3285: 3182: 2999: 2919: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2721:

in 1697 for participation on the Jacobite side in the Williamite wars.

2181: 2097: 1927: 1881: 1862: 1830: 1800: 1761: 1302: 1298: 1099: 998: 978: 198: 7067: 5192:. The Catholic University of America Press (October 31, 2012). p. 26. 3669:, the first non-royal woman (post-nominal: LT). (See Edmund Fellowes, 2205:, rejected the code of chivalry as unrealistic idealism. The rise of 1738: 1033:

period, any well-equipped horseman could be described as a knight, or

577:. In that sense, the special prestige accorded to mounted warriors in 509:

The concept of Knighthood may have been inspired by the ancient Greek

9311: 9239: 9196: 9161: 9095: 9061: 9056: 9028: 8702: 8668: 8598: 7941: 7936: 7903: 7875: 7763: 7758: 7694: 7669: 7616: 7530: 7245: 7177: 5698: 5622:"The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology" 5576:"The Visor of a Fourteenth-century Bascinet found at Pevensey Castle" 5540: 4291: 4276: 4256: 4251: 4246: 3510: 3490:

State knighthoods in the Netherlands are issued in three orders: the

3429: 2746: 2718: 2558:(by letters patents of 1752), even if its most recent members used a 2270:

also became an economic alternative to knights when conflicts arose.

1996: 1958: 1930:

which later evolved to fully enclose the leg in the form of enclosed

1911: 1689: 1621: 1432: 1403: 1238: 1074: 604: 583: 445: 341: 336: 326: 310: 145: 7042: 6999: 6943: 6797: 5337:

All Things Medieval: An Encyclopedia of the Medieval World, Volume 1

3837: 3465: 2894: 2299:

as an award. Conversely, the Austrian priest and resistance fighter

9415: 9388: 9378: 9251: 9229: 8959: 7950: 7922: 7908: 7775: 7741: 7699: 7684: 7644: 7389: 5215:

The Mirror of Language: A Study in the Medieval Theory of Knowledge

4211: 4182: 4132: 4095: 3359: 3355: 3189:, thus entitled to be called Sir Elton. The female equivalent is a 3178: 3174: 3162: 2966: 2962: 2563: 2524: 2487: 2481: 2452: 2420: 2241: 1980: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1910:, eventually evolving into the plate arm harness consisting of the 1885: 1876:. The lack of more facial protection lead to the evolution of more 1842: 1715: 1701: 1638: 1584: 1569: 1544: 1531: 1478: 1444: 1426: 1344: 1225: 1217: 1194:, whose members would act as simple soldiers protecting pilgrims. 1002: 801:

changed over time from its original meaning of "boy" to "household

615: 592: 565:

in the 15th century. This linkage is reflected in the etymology of

554: 538: 429: 372: 351: 331: 321: 274: 269: 226: 203: 6448:"Louis XI | King of France, Valois Dynasty, Reformer | Britannica" 3776: 3399:

Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

2670:

or Green Knight (FitzGerald of Kerry) — the current holder is Sir

2554:

control. One family ennobled with a title in such a manner is the

1926:. The legs too were covered in plates, mainly on the shin, called 1853:

were worn as a protection against the sun, and also to show their

1714:), and indeed they played an essential role in the development of 1455: 1380: 1355:, chivalry, warfare, and combat (using wooden swords and spears). 9071: 9023: 7946: 7931: 7927: 7689: 7639: 7631: 7621: 7525: 7513: 7372: 7268: 7262: 7047:

Williams, Alan. "The Metallurgy of Medieval Arms and Armour", in

5355:. Oxford University Press; 1st edition (July 22, 1999). pp. 206. 5190:

Sport and Christianity: A Sign of the Times in the Light of Faith

5129:

A History of Britain 1: 3000 BC-AD 1603 At the Edge of the World?

4326: 4281: 4261: 4241: 4206: 3796: 3596: 3506: 3448: 3410: 3135: 2818: 2730: 2583: 2510: 2506: 2480:. It is the second lowest title within the nobility system above 2477: 2385: 2152: 2148: 1962: 1935: 1850: 1788: 1773: 1719: 1661: 1653: 1489: 1440: 1394: 1233: 1205: 1112: 1103: 1095: 1091: 1051: 855: 810: 741: 710: 651: 517: 511: 440: 403: 398: 289: 128: 63: 7025:

The Knights of England: A Complete Record from the Earliest Time

5888:

What is the difference between a CBE, OBE, MBE and a knighthood?

5164:(1st Ballantine Books Trade Paperback ed.). New York City: 4801:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed

4786:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed

4688:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed

1968: 1190:(1190). At the time of their foundation, these were intended as 9321: 9149: 9100: 8673: 8356: 7918: 7731: 7604: 7599: 7406: 7073: 6573:

Galloway, Peter; Stanley, David; Martin, Stanley, eds. (1996).

5858:

Johan Huizinga: Herbst des Mittelalters. Stuttgart 1987, pp 67.

4927:

Courtly Culture: Literature and Society in the High Middle Ages

4346: 4341: 4336: 4321: 4296: 3896: 3532: 3444: 3390: 3229:, of which all members are knighted. In addition, many British 3206:, honorific knighthood may be conferred in two different ways: 3127: 3098:

in 1581. The recipient is tapped on each shoulder with a sword.

2752: 2547: 2527:" (baron). For its historical association with warfare and the 2515: 2289: 2156: 2000: 1965:, such as the facial armouring chanfron, were made for horses. 1931: 1858: 1807: 1781: 1769: 1649: 1522: 1485: 1466: 1436: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1340: 1327: 1257: 1087: 546: 393: 377: 346: 248: 214: 9210: 5961:

Jürgen Sarnowsky "Die geistlichen Ritterorden" (2018), pp 221.

5508:"Black Prince: achievements of The Black Prince at Canterbury" 5353:

Encyclopedia of World Sport: From Ancient Times to the Present

2678:, and has served as President of the Irish Association of the 2674:, 6th Baronet of Valencia, 24th Knight of Kerry. He is also a 940:. The Germanic languages have terms cognate with the English 9306: 9141: 9078: 9018: 8412: 8408: 7726: 7654: 7205: 5908:

Investiture of the Order of St. George with Karl von Habsburg

5339:. Greenwood (August 15, 2011). pp. 690–700. ASIN: B005JIQEL2. 5057:

Burton, Richard Francis (2007). Charles Anderson Read (ed.).

4311: 4216: 3800: 3433: 3139: 2520: 2494: 2416: 2189: 2144: 1939: 1865:

and other garments with the arms of the wearer sewn into it.

1838: 1823: 1765: 1666: 1633: 859: 382: 362: 300: 7030:(Republished Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1970). 4419:(Reprinted. ed.). New York: Crescent Books. p. 3. 3053:, founded by King James VII of Scotland (also known as 9011: 8663: 7736: 7278: 5749:

Revised Spanish translation in Biblioteca Virtual Cervantes

2833:

and generally aligned with geographical area, for example:

2567: 1792: 1470: 1294: 1271: 1261: 1128:

Hungarian knights routing Ottoman spahi cavalry during the

1107: 1081:

declared their fiefs to be hereditary, and also issued the

718: 305: 253: 238: 156: 140: 85:

A 14th-century depiction of the 13th-century German knight

8559: 6588:

The London Gazette, Issue 27467, Page 5461, 22 August 1902

5464:. Department of Education, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 4515:"Der letzte Ritter": 500. Todestag von Kaiser Maximilian I 993:(order of mounted nobles). Some portions of the armies of 9256: 6922:. Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Macmillan Education, 1992. 6061:

The History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Kilmacduagh

5246:

Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England: 1272–1485

4715:

Medieval Latin: an introduction and bibliographical guide

4368:

Knight Without Armor: Carlos Eduardo Castañeda, 1896-1958

4102:

Auxilium ad filium militem faciendum et filiam maritandam

3853: 2019:

Knights and the ideals of knighthood featured largely in

1806:

One of the primary elements of a knight's armour was the

1644:

Besides formal tournaments, there were also unformalized

1465:

allegory (mid-13th century), showing a knight armed with

1417:

Upon turning 21, the squire was eligible to be knighted.

1037:

in Latin. The first knights appeared during the reign of

5848:

Manfred von Richthofen: A legend with scratches (german)

4817:. Brill (September 1, 2013). pp. 177–180, 243, 310–311. 3347:, who gained her title six years before her husband Sir 1119: 8466:

heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families

5927:"What is the Legion d'Honneur?". BBC News. 24 May 2004. 5737:. Newark, Delaware: Juan de la Cuesta. pp. 41–77. 5092:. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. November 15, 2015. 2709:, who were created knights in 1553 under the policy of 2688:

or Black Knight (FitzGerald of Limerick) — now dormant.

59:

Honorary title awarded for service to a church or state

6987:, 2nd ed. Chester Springs, PA: Dufour Editions, 1998. 3405:, who was ordained just a year after he was appointed 2543:. Portuguese hereditary knighthoods confer nobility. 1507:. Early notions of chivalry entailed loyalty to one's 1245: 9483:

Knowledge:WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals

6572: 6120:"Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem" 5412:(1. publ. ed.). London: Routledge. p. 109. 4984:

Papers from the sixth Strawberry Hill Conference 1994

4836:

Papers from the sixth Strawberry Hill Conference 1994

4188:

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom

2801:

established to serve and protect lepers on/about 1100

2319:, whose roots go back to the so-called "last knight" 1957:

Knights' horses were also armoured in later periods;

1201:, that these orders became powerful and prestigious. 6855:

Carey, Brian Todd; Allfree, Joshua B; Cairns, John.

3276:

In the British honours system the knightly style of

2979:

itself. Examples of notable orders of chivalry are:

2785:

founded to provide military medical services in 1048

1511:

and bravery in battle, similar to the values of the

537:, the rank had become associated with the ideals of 9463:

is the accepted criterion for official distinctions

6102:"Order of Malta - History: 1048 to the present day" 5372:Clifford J. Rogers, Kelly DeVries, and John Franc. 2634:

Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George

2335:mainly devote themselves to social tasks and care. 1803:were more effective against heavily armoured ones. 1284:while a knight fighting under his own banner was a 1204:The great European legends of warriors such as the 967: 6166: 5376:. Boydell Press (November 18, 2010). pp. 157–160. 4954: 4450: 2139:), written in 1469, was important in defining the 2122:), written in the 1130s, introduced the legend of 1333:These seven-year-old boys were given the title of 825:are left either money or lands. In his will, King 6301:Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion 6106:Order of Malta - History: 1048 to the present day 5732: 5374:Journal of Medieval Military History: Volume VIII 5299:Marlowe's Empery: Expanding His Critical Contexts 4866:. Ducksters. Technological Solutions, Inc. (TSI). 4199: 3661:in 1995 (post-nominal: LG). On 30 November 1996, 3619: 2884: 2411:for "knight", is a hereditary noble title in the 2377:, is probably the most prestigious and exclusive 2027:, and have secured a permanent place in literary 1158:The first military orders of knighthood were the 9502: 6568: 6566: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6284: 4986:. Woodbridge, England: Boydell. pp. 48–49. 3535:and Belgium, one of the ranks conferred in some 3428:have equivalent honorifics for knights, such as 2733:. Like knights, baronets are accorded the title 840:, "riding-servant", was a servant on horseback. 638:, particularly the literary cycles known as the 9351:International Commission for Orders of Chivalry 6297:"Religion, Warrior Elites, and Property Rights" 5703:Epic And Romance: Essays on Medieval Literature 5243:Fritze, Ronald; Robison, William, eds. (2002). 4370:. Texas A&M University Press. p. 202. 3751:and Catalano di Guido in 1233, and approved by 3397:did receive the accolade on his appointment as 3369:The English fighting the French knights at the 8456:and their national/public/official authorities 6748: 6746: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6498:"THE HISTORY BEHIND THE ORDER OF THE ELEPHANT" 5936:"5 Things to Know about the Legion of Honor". 5409:The image of aristocracy in Britain, 1000–1300 5249:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 105. 4882:"Knighthood As It Was, Not As We Wish It Were" 4747:(Éditions Errance, 2003), p. 96. The entry on 3381:in 1902, the custom was established whereby a 8372: 7089: 6935:Courts & camps of the Italian renaissance 6640:(Supplement). 13 February 1901. p. 1139. 6563: 6352:"Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation" 6295:Anderson, R. Warren; Hull, Brooks B. (2017). 6281: 5957: 5955: 5242: 5217:; University of Nebraska Press, 1983. p. 105. 4864:"Middle Ages: History of the Medieval Knight" 4453:World History:Medieval and Early Modern Times 4415:Paddock, David Edge & John Miles (1995). 3741:Orders of Knighthood, Awards and the Holy See 2741:, and have never been entitled to sit in the 1969:Medieval and Renaissance chivalric literature 1756:Knights used a variety of weapons, including 475: 7993: 7773: 6597: 6595: 6294: 6079:. London: Burke's Peerage Limited. p. 7 6073:Burke, Bernard & Ashworth Burke (1914). 6045:The Descendants of the Last Earls of Desmond 5477: 5475: 5473: 5471: 4875: 4873: 4838:. Woodbridge, England: Boydell. p. 51. 2290:Radiance of knighthood into the 21st century 1845:was worn to absorb shock damage and prevent 1670:duels were the judicial combat known as the 870:"horse") was a member of the second highest 7055:, ed. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 2002. 6938:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1908. 6859:, UK: Pen & Sword Military, June 2006. 6737: 6733:(Supplement). 24 August 1917. p. 8794. 6577:. London: Victorian Publishing. p. 22. 5542:The Scandinavian Baltic crusades, 1100-1500 5512:Encyclopedia of Medieval Dress and Textiles 2614:Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation 2307:, a Christian knight against Nazi Germany. 2162:Instructional literature was also created. 1768:. Elements of the knightly armour included 1742:Elements of a harness of the late style of 1499:Chivalry developed as an early standard of 972: 904:, sometimes thought to derive from Gaulish 573:and related terms such as the French title 23: 8581: 8379: 8365: 7096: 7082: 5952: 5462:"Feudalism and Knights in Medieval Europe" 5296: 4660: 693:. There are also dynastic orders like the 642:, relating to the legendary companions of 482: 468: 24: 6592: 6396: 6325: 6264: 5468: 5282:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5037:"King Arthur in the Lands of the Saracen" 4961:. Oxford University Press. pp. 76–. 4870: 4713:Frank Anthony Carl Mantello, A. G. Rigg, 4704:, Boydell & Brewer, 1995, pp. 41–100. 4631:The knight in medieval England, 1000-1400 4394:. El-Felys Creations. 2000. p. 205. 3424:.) Some countries, however, historically 3210:The first is by membership of one of the 3068:, but was founded in its current form by 2935:Learn how and when to remove this message 2570:was granted to the lower ranked knights ( 2352: 1829:Until the mid-14th century, knights wore 897:, was replaced in common parlance by the 545:Christian warrior. Often, a knight was a 498:is a person granted an honorary title of 9473:Category:Orders, decorations, and medals 7981: 6723: 6690: 6670: 6650: 6630: 6213: 6020:Dictionary of Medieval Terms and Phrases 5996:. Real Academia Sancti Ambrosii Martyris 5982: 5443:. (Procter Press, London: 1980). p. 32. 5103: 5101: 5099: 5060:The Cabinet of Irish Literature, Vol. IV 4958:Chivalry and Violence in Medieval Europe 4911:"The Knight in Armour: 8th–14th century" 4562: 4560: 3852: 3836: 3775: 3464: 3377:With the award of a KCVO to the Rt Rev. 3364: 3086: 2946: 2813:, established about 1190, and ruled the 2562:of count. In some other regions such as 2513:equivalent of an hereditary knight is a 2435: 2227: 2004: 1737: 1652:to end various disputes. Countries like 1600: 1454: 1379: 1301:and other large uprisings that involved 1123: 1056: 952:. These words are derived from Germanic 80: 32:This is an accepted version of this page 6885:Arms & Armor of the Medieval Knight 6883:Edge, David; John Miles Paddock (1988) 6238: 6049:Ulster Journal of Archaeology, Volume 6 5624:. Oxford University Press. 2010-01-01. 5394:Gladiators: From Spartacus to Spitfires 5084: 5082: 5080: 5030: 5028: 4857: 4855: 4540:"Has Being Knighted Lost Its Prestige?" 4448: 4414: 4365: 3288:only when addressing the holder. Thus, 3064:, which may have been first founded by 1857:. This sort of coat also evolved to be 529:, knighthood was considered a class of 14: 9503: 6948:Kaeuper, Richard and Kennedy, Elspeth 6843:An Historical Guide to Arms and Armour 6214:Nikolaus (2021). Fischer, Mary (ed.). 5759: 5757: 5538: 5459: 5405: 5351:David Levinson and Karen Christensen. 5347: 5345: 5122: 5056: 5034: 4981: 4861: 4833: 4730:, Harper & Brothers, 1899, p. 505. 4538:Mason, Christopher (13 October 2015). 4449:Carnine, Douglas; et al. (2006). 3805:Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona 2815:Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights 2724: 2347: 2195:Later Renaissance literature, such as 1892:, also known as the "pig-face visor". 956:, "to ride", in turn derived from the 8360: 7980: 7337: 7077: 7049:Companion to Medieval Arms and Armour 6964:Medieval Britain: The Age of Chivalry 6872: 6072: 5787:. All Things Medieval. Archived from 5505: 5096: 4923: 4557: 4537: 3807:, created the Order of the Hatchet (" 3714:, a 17th-century writer on chivalry: 2825:Other orders were established in the 2745:, therefore like knights they remain 2638:Order of Saint Ferdinand and of Merit 2357: 1330:until they reached the age of seven. 1120:Multiple crusades and military orders 9459:* = Direct or indirect reference to 9178:Prizes known as the Nobel of a field 7018: 6609:. London. 2006-10-17. Archived from 5988: 5812:. How Stuff Works. 4 September 2008. 5630:10.1093/acref/9780195334036.001.0001 5573: 5325:. How Stuff Works. January 22, 2008. 5297:Deats, Sarah; Logan, Robert (2002). 5156: 5077: 5025: 4899:. How Stuff Works. January 22, 2008. 4879: 4852: 4634:. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books. 4627: 3762: 3747:was founded by two Bolognese nobles 3675:Memorials of the Order of the Garter 2917:adding citations to reliable sources 2888: 1391:Squires were required to master the 1363:When the boy turned 14, he became a 541:, a code of conduct for the perfect 111:gentry and chivalric ranks in Europe 9478: 6887:. Greenwich, CT: Bison Books Corp. 6356:American Delegation of Savoy Orders 5754: 5342: 5132:(Paperback 2003 ed.). London: 5112:. How Stuff Works. 22 January 2008. 3795:To honour those women who defended 2996:Order of the Most Holy Annunciation 2759: 2618:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus 1246:Knightly culture in the Middle Ages 56: 7339: 7338: 5520:10.1163/9789004124356_emdt_com_157 5116: 5035:Hermes, Nizar (December 4, 2007). 4745:Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise 4123:Military order (religious society) 4007:Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard 3832: 3413:is entitled to use the title Sir. 3158:are Spain's highest civil honours. 2777:Military order (religious society) 2770: 1752:List of medieval armour components 1024: 813:describes a mounted retainer as a 786:, all meaning "boy, youth, lad"). 614:– such as the introduction of the 57: 9527: 6962:Laing, Lloyd and Jennifer Laing. 6845:. London: Studio Editions, 1991. 6827:. 2d revised ed. Woodbridge, UK: 6700:. 3 December 1996. p. 15995. 6167:Fonnesberg-Schmidt, Iben (2008). 4880:Saul, Nigel (September 6, 2011). 4803:. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. 4788:. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. 4690:. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. 4457:. US: McDougal Littell. pp. 3263:Order of the Companions of Honour 3239:Order of St Michael and St George 3033:Philip III, Duke of Burgundy 2791:, founded very shortly after the 2783:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 2680:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 2329:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1837:and piercing weapons such as the 1450: 1166:, both founded shortly after the 829:leaves his cniht, Aelfmar, eight 671:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 9477: 9468: 9467: 9209: 9202: 9195: 8386: 8341: 8340: 7103: 6823:Boulton, D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre. 6717: 6704: 6684: 6664: 6644: 6624: 6603:"Michael De-La-Noy, obituary in" 6581: 6538: 6514: 6397:Veszprémy, László (2023-04-18). 6326:Veszprémy, László (2023-08-19). 5460:Norris, Michael (October 2001). 4667:. Macmillan Company. p. 238 4664:A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary 3745:Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary 2893: 2469:for "knight", or the equivalent 1293:Some knights were familiar with 968:Evolution of medieval knighthood 259:Prince-elector, Princess-elector 117: 6490: 6465: 6440: 6415: 6390: 6368: 6344: 6319: 6232: 6207: 6160: 6136: 6112: 6094: 6066: 6054: 6034: 6008: 5973: 5964: 5943: 5930: 5921: 5912: 5901: 5892: 5881: 5870: 5861: 5852: 5841: 5824:"Malta History 1000 AD–present" 5816: 5802: 5777: 5726: 5717: 5708: 5692: 5667: 5614: 5574:Mann, James G. (October 1936). 5567: 5532: 5499: 5453: 5433: 5399: 5386: 5366: 5329: 5314: 5305: 5290: 5236: 5220: 5203: 5182: 5168:. pp. 110, 126, 140, 228. 5150: 5046: 5000: 4975: 4948: 4917: 4903: 4888: 4827: 4807: 4792: 4777: 4733: 4720: 4707: 4694: 4679: 4654: 4621: 4608: 4584: 3743:by H. E. Cardinale (1983), the 3701:in 1965 and 1971 respectively. 3327:'s ex-wife was formally styled 3094:(left) being knighted by Queen 2904:needs additional citations for 2476:is a hereditary noble title in 2120:History of the Kings of Britain 2103:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 1841:. Padded undergarment known as 1576:, derived from the French word 889:In the later Roman Empire, the 620:Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I 7982: 6959:. Yale University Press, 2005. 6680:. 25 April 1995. p. 6023. 6660:. 24 April 1990. p. 8251. 5826:. Carnaval.com. Archived from 5506:Watts, Karen (23 April 2012). 5487:The Metropolitan Museum of Art 5008:"The Middle Ages: Charlemagne" 4728:An elementary Latin dictionary 4531: 4519: 4508: 4478: 4442: 4433: 4408: 4384: 4359: 4200:Counterparts in other cultures 3699:Saint Michael and Saint George 3620:England and the United Kingdom 3580:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 3152:Order of Isabella the Catholic 2885:Honorific orders of knighthood 2807:, founded 1118, disbanded 1307 2705:Another Irish family were the 1688:or "passage of arms". In this 1590: 1228:, on one hand inspired by the 1005:, with an infantry elite, the 599:to the forefront of defending 13: 1: 7008:. London: Tiger Books, 1997. 6857:Warfare in the Medieval World 6770: 6403:www.hungarianconservative.com 6332:www.hungarianconservative.com 6257:10.17846/gi.2014.18.2.138-146 6173:The English Historical Review 5675:"Online Etymology Dictionary" 4596:LEO German-English dictionary 3957:Heinrich von Bülow (Grotekop) 3927:Geoffroy IV de la Tour Landry 3553:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres 3496:Order of the Netherlands Lion 3482:(Castilian Civil War, in the 3418:Order of the Knights of Rizal 3265:does not confer a knighthood. 2626:House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 2276:Knights of the Holy Sepulchre 1541:Book of the Order of Chivalry 1160:Knights of the Holy Sepulchre 987:, there was a knightly class 948:, and Dutch and Scandinavian 9488:Knowledge:WikiProject Awards 8397:Auxiliary science of history 6779:German Knighthood, 1050-1300 5938:U.S. News & World Report 5677:. 2015-03-24. Archived from 4661:Clark Hall, John R. (1916). 4037:Simon de Montfort, the Elder 3624:Women were appointed to the 3575:(in Dutch), meaning Knight. 3549:Ordre des Palmes académiques 3403:The Revd Sir Derek Pattinson 1733: 724: 658:, relating to the legend of 244:Crown prince, Crown princess 7: 9295:Fraternities and sororities 7028:. London: Central Chancery. 6908:. UK: Crowood Press, 2001. 5877:Order of the British Empire 4955:Richard W. Kaeuper (2001). 4739:Xavier Delamarre, entry on 4572:Online Etymology Dictionary 4088: 3691:Order of the British Empire 3525: 3422:Republic of the Philippines 3255:Distinguished Service Order 3247:Order of the British Empire 3143: 3066:Christian I of Denmark 2789:Order of the Holy Sepulchre 2313:Order of the British Empire 2086:and other Arthurian tales ( 2012:King René's Tournament Book 1695: 1420: 1250: 1147:(non-noble cavalrymen) and 1041:in the 8th century. As the 740:("boy" or "servant"), is a 703:Order of the British Empire 683:Royal Order of the Seraphim 10: 9532: 7188:Weberian (three-component) 7006:The Medieval Knight at War 6063:by Jerome Fahey 1893 p.326 5733:Eisenberg, Daniel (1987). 5063:. Read Books. p. 94. 4366:Almarez, Felix D. (1999). 4002:Philip Riedesel zu Camberg 3977:Jean III d'Aa of Gruuthuse 3679:Order of the Star of India 3395:Sir Norman Cardinal Gilroy 3280:and its female equivalent 3029:Order of the Golden Fleece 3011:Edward III of England 2835: 2774: 2763: 2643: 2451:by the Harter Graben near 2425:Kingdom of the Netherlands 2375:Order of the Golden Fleece 2221: 2217: 1978: 1972: 1749: 1699: 1594: 1476: 1424: 1216:popularized the notion of 976: 699:Imperial Order of the Rose 695:Order of the Golden Fleece 664:Knights of the Round Table 597:military orders of knights 61: 9454: 9369: 9270: 9220: 9193: 9140: 9044: 8988: 8977: 8957: 8849: 8801: 8786: 8752: 8741: 8689: 8519: 8512: 8475: 8441: 8434: 8419: 8394: 8336: 8277: 8169: 8137: 8104: 8030: 8002: 7989: 7976: 7894: 7851: 7811: 7793: 7712: 7630: 7590: 7499: 7492: 7447: 7350: 7346: 7333: 7196: 7150: 7146: 7117: 6906:Medieval Military Costume 6899:Medieval History Magazine 6813:. London: Collins, 2001. 6376:"The Order of the Garter" 5723:Hare (1908), pp. 211–218. 5592:10.1017/s0003581500084249 5539:David., Lindholm (2007). 4813:Petersen, Leif Inge Ree. 4717:, UA Press, 1996, p. 448. 3799:against an attack by the 3704: 3605:Knighthood of St. Gregory 3587:managed to establish the 2989:Charles I of Hungary 2624:. Additionally the Royal 2115:Historia Regum Britanniae 2093:Historia Regum Britanniae 1934:. As for the upper legs, 1872:, and later forms of the 1722:, coat armoury was born. 1358: 1170:of 1099, followed by the 677:, as well as the English 610:In the Late Middle Ages, 199:Grand duke, Grand duchess 8310:Pre-industrial East Asia 6575:Royal Service (Volume I) 6239:Musiaka, Łukasz (2014). 5785:"The History of Knights" 5735:A Study of "Don Quixote" 5320:Craig Freudenrich, Ph.D. 5162:The Princes in the Tower 5107:Craig Freudenrich, Ph.D. 4982:Church, Stephen (1995). 4894:Craig Freudenrich, Ph.D. 4834:Church, Stephen (1995). 4353: 4193:Papal Orders of Chivalry 3771: 3734: 3657:in 1990, the second was 3614: 3589:Order of the White Eagle 3565:Order of Leopold II 3545:Ordre National du Mérite 3167:Papal Orders of Chivalry 3055:James II of England 2630:Order of Saint Januarius 2176:The Book of the Courtier 2064:The Book of the Courtier 1572:"must be that of arms." 1565:The Book of the Courtier 1315:1323–1328 Flemish revolt 1260:their portions of land ( 1061:A Norman knight slaying 973:Pre-Carolingian legacies 581:finds a parallel in the 74:Knights (disambiguation) 39:latest accepted revision 7358:Administrative detainee 6546:"The Order of the Bath" 5580:The Antiquaries Journal 4924:Bumke, Joachim (1991). 4754:Oxford Latin Dictionary 4726:Charlton Thomas Lewis, 4128:Spanish military orders 3962:Heinrich von Winkelried 3789:Cantigas de Santa Maria 3599:, holders of religious 3567:in Belgium, is that of 3453:Austro-Hungarian Empire 3308:should be addressed as 3292:should be addressed as 3130:countries, such as The 3117:Commonwealth of Nations 3044:Louis XI of France 2838:Spanish military orders 2536:Royal House of Portugal 2390:Queen of United Kingdom 1320: 754:West Germanic languages 109:Imperial, royal, noble, 70:Knight (disambiguation) 7774: 6985:A Knight and his Horse 6378:. British Royal Family 6245:Geografické informácie 5655:Cite journal requires 5406:Crouch, David (1993). 5053:Richard Francis Burton 4628:Coss, Peter R (1996). 4012:Raymond IV of Toulouse 3997:Oswald von Wolkenstein 3861: 3850: 3830: 3792: 3749:Loderingo degli Andalò 3721: 3655:The Duchess of Norfolk 3500:Order of Orange Nassau 3487: 3374: 3341:Dame Heather McCartney 3337:Lady Heather McCartney 3251:British honours system 3227:Order of Saint Patrick 3113:British honours system 3099: 3040:Order of Saint Michael 3022:Sigismund of Luxemburg 2969:, as reflected in the 2958: 2799:Order of Saint Lazarus 2713:(first established by 2575: 2456: 2353:Hereditary knighthoods 2341:Bernhard von Clairvaux 2245: 2211:Renaissance literature 2059:Baldassare Castiglione 2025:Renaissance literature 2016: 1747: 1615: 1560:Baldassare Castiglione 1527:Wolfram von Eschenbach 1474: 1388: 1172:Order of Saint Lazarus 1133: 1070: 715:British honours system 612:new methods of warfare 446:Gentleman, Gentlewoman 93: 68:. For other uses, see 8315:Pre-industrial Europe 6315:– via Proquest. 5765:The Knight in History 4118:Christian nationalism 3952:Henry Percy (Hotspur) 3942:Götz von Berlichingen 3892:Bohemond I of Antioch 3856: 3840: 3816: 3779: 3716: 3671:Knights of the Garter 3659:The Baroness Thatcher 3607:make use of the word 3468: 3368: 3304:. Similarly, actress 3243:Royal Victorian Order 3090: 3070:King Christian V 3062:Order of the Elephant 2985:Order of Saint George 2950: 2775:Further information: 2764:Further information: 2715:Henry VIII of England 2711:surrender and regrant 2663:, for their kinsmen. 2566:, a specific type of 2556:house of Hauteclocque 2523:" (noble) and below " 2439: 2231: 2045:The Twelve of England 2008: 1979:Further information: 1884:. Later forms of the 1791:and impractical as a 1750:Further information: 1741: 1614:, depicting the mêlée 1604: 1597:Tournament (medieval) 1458: 1383: 1127: 1060: 1017:Arab invasion at the 977:Further information: 322:Viscount, Viscountess 270:Marquess, Marchioness 204:Archduke, Archduchess 146:High king, High queen 84: 9356:Magical organization 8816:Intellectual freedom 8624:Master of ceremonies 8172: or countries 7983:By country or region 7221:Class discrimination 6901:, Is. 7, March 2004. 6873:Clark, Hugh (1784). 6811:Marching with Sharpe 5810:"History of Knights" 5714:Hare (1908), p. 201. 4862:Nelson, Ken (2015). 3887:Bertrand du Guesclin 3867:Adrian von Bubenberg 3809:Orde de la Atxa" in 3639:Ladies of the Garter 3383:clerk in holy orders 3284:are followed by the 3223:Order of the Thistle 3185:, for example, is a 3156:Order of Civil Merit 3148:Order of Charles III 3051:Order of the Thistle 2954:, the member of the 2913:improve this article 2622:Civil Order of Savoy 2371:Royal House of Spain 2321:Emperor Maximilian I 2110:Geoffrey of Monmouth 2088:Geoffrey of Monmouth 1672:Combat of the Thirty 1648:done by knights and 1447:relative in battle. 1138:Bernard de Clairvaux 847:emerges only in the 689:, and the Norwegian 632:Great Siege of Malta 332:Burgrave, Burgravine 275:Margrave, Margravine 9421:Order of precedence 7704:Vanniar (Chieftain) 6932:Hare, Christopher. 5441:Origins of Heraldry 5188:Lixey L.C., Kevin. 4148:Knights of Alleberg 4052:Stibor of Stiboricz 4042:Simon V de Montfort 3937:Godfrey of Bouillon 3912:Franz von Sickingen 3877:Baldwin of Boulogne 3859:Stibor of Stiboricz 3673:, 1939; and Beltz: 3667:Lady of the Thistle 3626:Order of the Garter 3555:in France, and the 3333:Lady Paul McCartney 3219:Order of the Garter 3195:, for example Dame 3018:Order of the Dragon 3007:Order of the Garter 2998:, founded by Count 2956:Order of the Dragon 2737:. Baronets are not 2725:British baronetcies 2582:, referring to the 2348:Types of knighthood 2333:Order of Saint John 2317:Order of St. George 2280:Knights Hospitaller 2197:Miguel de Cervantes 2137:The Death of Arthur 2128:Sir Thomas Malory's 2079:Sir Thomas Malory's 2069:Miguel de Cervantes 1904:Transitional armour 1744:Gothic plate armour 1501:professional ethics 1385:David I of Scotland 1164:Knights Hospitaller 958:Proto-Indo-European 707:Order of St. George 679:Order of the Garter 675:Order of Saint John 636:medieval literature 624:Knights Hospitaller 551:battle on horseback 515:(ἱππεῖς) and Roman 399:Baronet, Baronetess 29:Page version status 9334:Hereditary society 8551:Royal family order 8285:18th-century Spain 8139:Standard of living 7843:Upper middle class 7838:Lower middle class 7429:Political prisoner 7211:Chattering classes 7183:Spoon class theory 6968:St. Martin's Press 6918:Forey, Alan John. 6777:Arnold, Benjamin. 6730:The London Gazette 6710:Biddle, Daniel A. 6697:The London Gazette 6677:The London Gazette 6657:The London Gazette 6637:The London Gazette 6526:www.britannica.com 6477:www.britannica.com 6452:www.britannica.com 6427:www.britannica.com 6185:10.1093/ehr/cen218 6179:(503): 1007–1009. 5989:Evaristo, Carlos. 5335:Johnston, Ruth A. 5323:"How Knights Work" 5275:has generic name ( 5110:"How Knights Work" 4897:"How Knights Work" 4544:Town & Country 4492:. 21 February 2020 3922:Geoffroi de Charny 3862: 3851: 3793: 3695:Orders of the Bath 3561:Order of the Crown 3488: 3484:Hundred Years' War 3375: 3325:Sir Paul McCartney 3215:orders of chivalry 3119:countries such as 3100: 3020:, founded by King 2971:chivalric romances 2959: 2864:Order of Calatrava 2854:Order of Alcántara 2850:(Portugal) in 1143 2739:peers of the Realm 2653:FitzGerald dynasty 2489:Jonkheer/Jonkvrouw 2457: 2358:Continental Europe 2303:is referred to as 2246: 2207:Christian humanism 2164:Geoffroi de Charny 2034:The Song of Roland 2017: 1748: 1616: 1518:The Song of Roland 1475: 1389: 1387:knighting a squire 1270:for each knight's 1134: 1071: 849:Hundred Years' War 788:Middle High German 781:Middle High German 601:Christian pilgrims 94: 35: 9498: 9497: 9464: 9409:Campaign streamer 9191: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9136: 9135: 8971: 8953: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8907: 8906: 8737: 8736: 8632: 8631: 8575: 8529:Order of chivalry 8508: 8507: 8501: 8498:Self-styled order 8354: 8353: 8332: 8331: 8328: 8327: 8165: 8164: 7972: 7971: 7968: 7967: 7964: 7963: 7866:Lumpenproletariat 7368:illegal immigrant 7329: 7328: 7241:Classless society 7004:Robards, Brooks. 6904:Embleton, Gerry. 6502:www.kongehuset.dk 6225:978-1-032-17986-5 6124:Diocese of Venice 6016:"Fief de haubert" 5940:, 24 August 2015. 5639:978-0-19-533403-6 5552:978-1-84176-988-2 5419:978-0-415-01911-8 5143:978-0-563-48714-2 5070:978-1-4067-8001-7 4993:978-0-85115-628-6 4968:978-0-19-924458-4 4845:978-0-85115-628-6 4468:978-0-618-27747-6 4062:Vincenzo Anastagi 4057:Suero de Quiñones 3907:Francisco Pizarro 3857:Late painting of 3763:The Low Countries 3753:Pope Alexander IV 3480:Battle of Montiel 3387:Church of England 3235:Order of the Bath 3165:implementing the 3077:Order of the Bath 2945: 2944: 2937: 2876:, established in 2874:Order of Santiago 2866:, established in 2856:, established in 2846:, established in 2827:Iberian peninsula 2698:Edmund Fitzgibbon 2672:Adrian FitzGerald 2655:, created by the 2552:Holy Roman Empire 2500:knightly families 2393:Elizabeth II 2240:mercenaries with 2132:Le Morte d'Arthur 2083:Le Morte d'Arthur 2054:The Knight's Tale 2040:Cantar de Mio Cid 1989:Matter of Britain 1985:Chivalric romance 1878:enclosing helmets 1680:Jean de Carrouges 1674:in 1351, and the 1473:in mortal combat. 1462:miles Christianus 1214:Matter of Britain 1184:Order of Santiago 866:"horseman", from 809:'s homily of St. 691:Order of St. Olav 687:Order of Santiago 673:, the Protestant 656:Matter of Britain 603:traveling to the 563:Duchy of Burgundy 523:Early Middle Ages 492: 491: 456:Lord of the Manor 420:Knight, Chevalier 47:20 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 9523: 9481: 9480: 9471: 9470: 9458: 9436:Awareness ribbon 9431:Devotional medal 9344:Gentlemen's club 9213: 9206: 9199: 8986: 8985: 8975: 8974: 8963: 8917:Religion-related 8799: 8798: 8750: 8749: 8579: 8578: 8564: 8557: 8556: 8517: 8516: 8495: 8443:Founts of honour 8439: 8438: 8432: 8431: 8381: 8374: 8367: 8358: 8357: 8344: 8343: 8171: 8072:Mexican-American 8000: 7999: 7991: 7990: 7978: 7977: 7779: 7722:Business magnate 7612:Knowledge worker 7497: 7496: 7385:dual or multiple 7348: 7347: 7335: 7334: 7289:Social exclusion 7284:Social cleansing 7198: 7148: 7147: 7137:Economic classes 7098: 7091: 7084: 7075: 7074: 7029: 7020:Shaw, William A. 6981:Oakeshott, Ewart 6880: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6761: 6750: 6735: 6734: 6721: 6715: 6708: 6702: 6701: 6688: 6682: 6681: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6648: 6642: 6641: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6618: 6599: 6590: 6585: 6579: 6578: 6570: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6556: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6532: 6518: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6508: 6494: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6484: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6444: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6434: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6409: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6338: 6323: 6317: 6316: 6292: 6279: 6278: 6268: 6236: 6230: 6229: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6154: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6130: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6084: 6070: 6064: 6058: 6052: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6022:. enacademic.com 6012: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5995: 5986: 5980: 5977: 5971: 5968: 5962: 5959: 5950: 5947: 5941: 5934: 5928: 5925: 5919: 5916: 5910: 5905: 5899: 5896: 5890: 5885: 5879: 5874: 5868: 5865: 5859: 5856: 5850: 5845: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5820: 5814: 5813: 5806: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5796: 5781: 5775: 5761: 5752: 5751: 5730: 5724: 5721: 5715: 5712: 5706: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5658: 5653: 5651: 5643: 5618: 5612: 5611: 5571: 5565: 5564: 5536: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5503: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5479: 5466: 5465: 5457: 5451: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5403: 5397: 5390: 5384: 5370: 5364: 5349: 5340: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5318: 5312: 5309: 5303: 5302: 5294: 5288: 5287: 5280: 5274: 5270: 5268: 5260: 5240: 5234: 5224: 5218: 5211:Marcia L. Colish 5207: 5201: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5166:Ballantine Books 5154: 5148: 5147: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5105: 5094: 5093: 5086: 5075: 5074: 5050: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5032: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5019: 5010:. Archived from 5004: 4998: 4997: 4979: 4973: 4972: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4921: 4915: 4914: 4913:. History World. 4907: 4901: 4900: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4877: 4868: 4867: 4859: 4850: 4849: 4831: 4825: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4781: 4775: 4737: 4731: 4724: 4718: 4711: 4705: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4648: 4625: 4619: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4578: 4564: 4555: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4517: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4499: 4497: 4482: 4476: 4475: 4456: 4446: 4440: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4363: 4317:Praetorian Guard 4287:Legion of Honour 4178:Medieval warfare 4143:Knightly virtues 4108:Chivalric orders 4047:Stefan Lazarević 3987:Joanot Martorell 3972:Hugues de Payens 3882:Balian of Ibelin 3828: 3780:A battle of the 3729:Angélique Brûlon 3687:Dame Grand Cross 3643:Queens Alexandra 3586: 3557:Order of Leopold 3541:Légion d'Honneur 3527: 3492:Order of William 3459:Ritter von Trapp 3441:Benito Mussolini 3379:Randall Davidson 3249:are part of the 3225:and the dormant 3173:There are other 3145: 3096:Elizabeth I 2940: 2933: 2929: 2926: 2920: 2897: 2889: 2880:(Spain) in 1164. 2811:Teutonic Knights 2760:Chivalric orders 2701:) — now dormant. 2657:Earls of Desmond 2560:pontifical title 2399:, among others. 2383:Emperor of Japan 2367:Kingdom of Spain 2325:Legion of Honour 2297:"Knight's Cross" 2284:Teutonic Knights 2263:Charles the Bold 2224:Military history 2168:Book of Chivalry 2049:Geoffrey Chaucer 2015:(BnF Ms Fr 2695) 1993:Matter of France 1398:– riding, 1393:seven points of 1307:Peasants' Revolt 1210:Matter of France 1188:Teutonic Knights 1180:Order of Montesa 1176:Knights Templars 1145:milites gregarii 1130:Battle of Mohács 1079:Charles the Bald 1063:Harold Godwinson 995:Germanic peoples 893:word for horse, 640:Matter of France 595:brought various 535:Late Middle Ages 527:High Middle Ages 484: 477: 470: 129:Emperor, Empress 121: 96: 95: 87:Hartmann von Aue 21: 9531: 9530: 9526: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9521: 9520: 9501: 9500: 9499: 9494: 9461:fount of honour 9450: 9441:Code of conduct 9426:Honorary degree 9371: 9365: 9361:Religious order 9317:Learned society 9290:Fraternal order 9272: 9266: 9222: 9216: 9215: 9214: 9208: 9207: 9201: 9200: 9183: 9132: 9040: 8979: 8967: 8962: 8945: 8903: 8845: 8831:Humanitarianism 8790: 8782: 8778:Law enforcement 8768:List of highest 8756: 8744: 8733: 8685: 8628: 8570: 8563: 8555: 8504: 8471: 8423: 8415: 8390: 8385: 8355: 8350: 8324: 8273: 8161: 8133: 8100: 8084:Underprivileged 8026: 7985: 7984: 7960: 7890: 7847: 7807: 7789: 7708: 7626: 7586: 7488: 7443: 7342: 7341: 7325: 7304:Social position 7294:Social mobility 7192: 7142: 7113: 7112: 7102: 7072: 6955:Keen, Maurice. 6841:Bull, Stephen. 6783:Clarendon Press 6773: 6768: 6759: 6757: 6756:. Heraldica.org 6754:"Women Knights" 6752: 6751: 6738: 6722: 6718: 6709: 6705: 6689: 6685: 6669: 6665: 6649: 6645: 6629: 6625: 6616: 6614: 6607:The Independent 6601: 6600: 6593: 6586: 6582: 6571: 6564: 6554: 6552: 6544: 6543: 6539: 6530: 6528: 6520: 6519: 6515: 6506: 6504: 6496: 6495: 6491: 6482: 6480: 6471: 6470: 6466: 6457: 6455: 6446: 6445: 6441: 6432: 6430: 6421: 6420: 6416: 6407: 6405: 6395: 6391: 6381: 6379: 6374: 6373: 6369: 6360: 6358: 6350: 6349: 6345: 6336: 6334: 6324: 6320: 6293: 6282: 6237: 6233: 6226: 6212: 6208: 6165: 6161: 6152: 6150: 6142: 6141: 6137: 6128: 6126: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6100: 6099: 6095: 6082: 6080: 6071: 6067: 6059: 6055: 6039: 6035: 6025: 6023: 6014: 6013: 6009: 5999: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5983: 5978: 5974: 5969: 5965: 5960: 5953: 5948: 5944: 5935: 5931: 5926: 5922: 5917: 5913: 5906: 5902: 5897: 5893: 5886: 5882: 5875: 5871: 5866: 5862: 5857: 5853: 5846: 5842: 5833: 5831: 5822: 5821: 5817: 5808: 5807: 5803: 5794: 5792: 5783: 5782: 5778: 5763:Gies, Francis. 5762: 5755: 5745: 5731: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5713: 5709: 5697: 5693: 5684: 5682: 5673: 5672: 5668: 5656: 5654: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5620: 5619: 5615: 5572: 5568: 5553: 5537: 5533: 5524: 5522: 5504: 5500: 5491: 5489: 5481: 5480: 5469: 5458: 5454: 5439:Platts, Beryl. 5438: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5404: 5400: 5391: 5387: 5371: 5367: 5350: 5343: 5334: 5330: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5310: 5306: 5295: 5291: 5281: 5272: 5271: 5262: 5261: 5257: 5241: 5237: 5225: 5221: 5208: 5204: 5187: 5183: 5176: 5160:(August 1995). 5155: 5151: 5144: 5136:. p. 155. 5121: 5117: 5108: 5106: 5097: 5088: 5087: 5078: 5071: 5051: 5047: 5039: 5033: 5026: 5017: 5015: 5006: 5005: 5001: 4994: 4980: 4976: 4969: 4953: 4949: 4942: 4922: 4918: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4878: 4871: 4860: 4853: 4846: 4832: 4828: 4812: 4808: 4798: 4797: 4793: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4772: 4738: 4734: 4725: 4721: 4712: 4708: 4699: 4695: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4670: 4668: 4659: 4655: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4626: 4622: 4613: 4609: 4600: 4598: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4576: 4574: 4566: 4565: 4558: 4548: 4546: 4536: 4532: 4524: 4520: 4513: 4509: 4495: 4493: 4484: 4483: 4479: 4469: 4447: 4443: 4438: 4434: 4427: 4413: 4409: 4402: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4378: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4202: 4197: 4173:Imperial Knight 4163:Knight bachelor 4158:Knight banneret 4113:Christian state 4091: 4086: 4077:William Wallace 4072:William Marshal 4027:Roger of Lauria 3982:Jean Le Maingre 3947:Guy de Lusignan 3843:William Marshal 3841:Tomb effigy of 3835: 3833:Notable knights 3829: 3823: 3774: 3765: 3737: 3725:Legion of Honor 3707: 3637:have been made 3622: 3617: 3584: 3571:(in French) or 3537:orders of merit 3518:Knight Bachelor 3469:Miniature from 3407:Knight Bachelor 3371:Battle of Crécy 3306:Dame Judi Dench 3270:Knight Bachelor 3231:orders of merit 3187:Knight Bachelor 3000:Amadeus VI 2941: 2930: 2924: 2921: 2910: 2898: 2887: 2870:(Spain) in 1158 2860:(Spain) in 1156 2840: 2805:Knights Templar 2779: 2773: 2771:Military orders 2768: 2766:Chivalric order 2762: 2727: 2676:Knight of Malta 2668:Knight of Kerry 2646: 2580:fief de haubert 2441:Fortified house 2379:chivalric order 2360: 2355: 2350: 2292: 2259:Battle of Nancy 2250:standing armies 2234:Battle of Pavia 2226: 2220: 2003: 1977: 1971: 1952:London lobsters 1942:and especially 1754: 1736: 1704: 1698: 1676:trial by combat 1599: 1593: 1505:landed property 1481: 1469:and facing the 1453: 1429: 1423: 1361: 1323: 1287:knight banneret 1281:knight bachelor 1253: 1248: 1230:military orders 1199:crusader states 1192:monastic orders 1186:(1170) and the 1149:milites nobiles 1122: 1083:Edict of Pîtres 1067:Bayeux tapestry 1027: 1025:Carolingian age 1019:Battle of Tours 981: 975: 970: 936:, and Romanian 891:classical Latin 797:The meaning of 790:had the phrase 727: 628:Siege of Rhodes 488: 425:Imperial Knight 363:Baron, Baroness 301:Count, Countess 110: 77: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9529: 9519: 9518: 9513: 9496: 9495: 9493: 9492: 9491: 9490: 9475: 9465: 9455: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9412: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9375: 9373: 9367: 9366: 9364: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9347: 9346: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9325: 9324: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9303: 9302: 9300:Secret society 9297: 9292: 9287: 9276: 9274: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9248: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9226: 9224: 9218: 9217: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9188: 9185: 9184: 9182: 9181: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9158: 9157: 9146: 9144: 9138: 9137: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9130: 9125: 9124: 9123: 9118: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9092: 9091: 9086: 9076: 9075: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9054: 9048: 9046: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9038: 9037: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9016: 9015: 9014: 9000: 8994: 8992: 8983: 8972: 8955: 8954: 8951: 8950: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8943: 8938: 8937: 8936: 8926: 8925: 8924: 8922:Ecclesiastical 8914: 8908: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8855: 8853: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8807: 8805: 8796: 8784: 8783: 8781: 8780: 8775: 8773:Campaign medal 8770: 8764: 8762: 8747: 8739: 8738: 8735: 8734: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8693: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8683: 8682: 8681: 8676: 8666: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8633: 8630: 8629: 8627: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8585: 8583: 8576: 8554: 8553: 8548: 8546:Order of merit 8543: 8542: 8541: 8539:Colonial order 8536: 8534:Military order 8525: 8523: 8514: 8510: 8509: 8506: 8505: 8503: 8502: 8493: 8490: 8485: 8483:Ecclesiastical 8479: 8477: 8473: 8472: 8470: 8469: 8468: 8467: 8459: 8458: 8457: 8448: 8446: 8436: 8429: 8417: 8416: 8395: 8392: 8391: 8384: 8383: 8376: 8369: 8361: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8348: 8337: 8334: 8333: 8330: 8329: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8305:Ottoman Empire 8302: 8297: 8292: 8290:Ancient Greece 8287: 8281: 8279: 8275: 8274: 8272: 8271: 8266: 8264:United Kingdom 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8175: 8173: 8167: 8166: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8159: 8157:Home-ownership 8154: 8149: 8143: 8141: 8135: 8134: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8110: 8108: 8102: 8101: 8099: 8098: 8097: 8096: 8091: 8081: 8080: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8059: 8058: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8036: 8034: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8012:American Dream 8009: 8003: 7997: 7987: 7986: 7974: 7973: 7970: 7969: 7966: 7965: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7958: 7953: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7925: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7900: 7898: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7857: 7855: 7849: 7848: 7846: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7829: 7828: 7817: 7815: 7809: 7808: 7806: 7805: 7799: 7797: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7787: 7780: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7749: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7718: 7716: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7706: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7636: 7634: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7608: 7607: 7596: 7594: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7584: 7579: 7578: 7577: 7572: 7571: 7570: 7555: 7554: 7553: 7548: 7540: 7539: 7538: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7517: 7516: 7505: 7503: 7494: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7455: 7453: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7424:Migrant worker 7421: 7416: 7415: 7414: 7404: 7403: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7377: 7376: 7375: 7370: 7360: 7354: 7352: 7344: 7343: 7340:By demographic 7331: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7323: 7320:Status Anxiety 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7274:Ranked society 7271: 7266: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7216:Class conflict 7213: 7208: 7202: 7200: 7199: topics 7194: 7193: 7191: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7173:Mudsill theory 7170: 7165: 7160: 7154: 7152: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7140: 7133: 7126: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7093: 7086: 7078: 7071: 7070: 7053:Nicolle, David 7045: 7016: 7002: 6978: 6960: 6953: 6946: 6930: 6916: 6902: 6895: 6881: 6870: 6867: 6853: 6839: 6821: 6807: 6804:Feudal Society 6800: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6766: 6736: 6716: 6703: 6683: 6663: 6643: 6623: 6591: 6580: 6562: 6537: 6513: 6489: 6464: 6439: 6414: 6389: 6367: 6343: 6318: 6280: 6251:(2): 138–146. 6231: 6224: 6206: 6159: 6135: 6111: 6093: 6065: 6053: 6041:John O'Donovan 6033: 6007: 5981: 5972: 5963: 5951: 5942: 5929: 5920: 5911: 5900: 5891: 5880: 5869: 5860: 5851: 5840: 5815: 5801: 5776: 5773:978-0060914134 5753: 5743: 5725: 5716: 5707: 5691: 5666: 5657:|journal= 5638: 5613: 5586:(4): 412–419. 5566: 5551: 5545:. Osprey Pub. 5531: 5498: 5467: 5452: 5449:978-0906650004 5432: 5418: 5398: 5392:Hubbard, Ben. 5385: 5382:978-1843835967 5365: 5361:978-0195131956 5341: 5328: 5313: 5304: 5289: 5255: 5235: 5232:978-0300107678 5219: 5202: 5198:978-0813219936 5181: 5174: 5149: 5142: 5115: 5095: 5076: 5069: 5045: 5024: 4999: 4992: 4974: 4967: 4947: 4940: 4916: 4902: 4887: 4869: 4851: 4844: 4826: 4823:978-9004251991 4806: 4791: 4776: 4770: 4732: 4719: 4706: 4693: 4686:"Equestrian". 4678: 4653: 4640: 4620: 4607: 4583: 4556: 4530: 4518: 4507: 4477: 4467: 4441: 4432: 4425: 4407: 4400: 4392:Diocese of Uyo 4383: 4376: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4098: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4084: 4082:Zawisza Czarny 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4022:Roger Mortimer 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3932:Gilles de Rais 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3863: 3834: 3831: 3821: 3773: 3770: 3764: 3761: 3739:As related in 3736: 3733: 3719:chevaleresses. 3706: 3703: 3635:Queens consort 3631:King Edward VI 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3539:, such as the 3522:United Kingdom 3514:Frank De Winne 3478:depicting the 3471:Jean Froissart 3427: 3329:Lady McCartney 3290:Sir Elton John 3274: 3273: 3266: 3259:Order of Merit 3204:United Kingdom 3171: 3170: 3159: 3142:among others ( 3124: 3109:United Kingdom 3085: 3084: 3073: 3058: 3047: 3036: 3025: 3014: 3003: 2992: 2943: 2942: 2901: 2899: 2892: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2881: 2871: 2861: 2851: 2836:Main article: 2823: 2822: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2786: 2772: 2769: 2761: 2758: 2743:House of Lords 2726: 2723: 2707:O'Shaughnessys 2703: 2702: 2689: 2686:Knight of Glin 2683: 2661:Earls Palatine 2650:Hiberno-Norman 2645: 2642: 2610:House of Savoy 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2301:Heinrich Maier 2291: 2288: 2219: 2216: 2184:and classical 1973:Main article: 1970: 1967: 1900:coat of plates 1735: 1732: 1724:Armorial rolls 1700:Main article: 1697: 1694: 1646:judicial duels 1595:Main article: 1592: 1589: 1477:Main article: 1452: 1451:Chivalric code 1449: 1425:Main article: 1422: 1419: 1360: 1357: 1322: 1319: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1121: 1118: 1031:Early Medieval 1026: 1023: 1011:Charles Martel 990:Ordo Equestris 974: 971: 969: 966: 932:), Portuguese 876:Roman Republic 726: 723: 685:, the Spanish 681:, the Swedish 626:, such as the 531:petty nobility 490: 489: 487: 486: 479: 472: 464: 461: 460: 459: 458: 453: 448: 443: 435: 434: 433: 432: 427: 422: 414: 413: 412: 411: 406: 401: 396: 388: 387: 386: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 357: 356: 355: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 316: 315: 314: 313: 308: 303: 295: 294: 293: 292: 287: 285:Count palatine 282: 277: 272: 264: 263: 262: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 235: 234: 224: 223: 222: 209: 208: 207: 206: 201: 196: 195: 194: 189: 184: 179: 171: 170: 169: 164: 151: 150: 149: 148: 143: 138: 137: 136: 123: 122: 114: 113: 105: 104: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9528: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9489: 9486: 9485: 9484: 9476: 9474: 9466: 9462: 9457: 9456: 9453: 9447: 9446:Code of honor 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9404:Battle honour 9402: 9400: 9397: 9396: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9376: 9374: 9368: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9345: 9342: 9341: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9329:Honor society 9327: 9323: 9320: 9319: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9285:Confraternity 9283: 9282: 9281: 9278: 9277: 9275: 9273:organisations 9269: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9232: 9231: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9219: 9212: 9205: 9198: 9180: 9179: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9156: 9153: 9152: 9151: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9143: 9139: 9129: 9128:Shoulder mark 9126: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9113: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9081: 9080: 9077: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9059: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9049: 9047: 9043: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9021: 9020: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9008: 9007: 9006:/Grand Cordon 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8981:(decorations) 8976: 8973: 8969: 8961: 8956: 8942: 8939: 8935: 8932: 8931: 8930: 8927: 8923: 8920: 8919: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8909: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8856: 8854: 8852: 8848: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8808: 8806: 8804: 8800: 8797: 8794: 8789: 8785: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8755: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8740: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8720: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8692: 8691:Jurisdictions 8688: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8671: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8640:/Grand Cordon 8638: 8635: 8634: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8584: 8580: 8577: 8573: 8568: 8562: 8558: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8531: 8530: 8527: 8526: 8524: 8522: 8518: 8515: 8511: 8499: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8488:Organisations 8486: 8484: 8481: 8480: 8478: 8474: 8465: 8464: 8463: 8460: 8455: 8454: 8453: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8440: 8437: 8433: 8430: 8427: 8422: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8406: 8402: 8398: 8393: 8389: 8382: 8377: 8375: 8370: 8368: 8363: 8362: 8359: 8347: 8339: 8338: 8335: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8276: 8270: 8269:United States 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8170:Other regions 8168: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8142: 8140: 8136: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8103: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8085: 8082: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8064: 8063: 8060: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8042: 8041: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8029: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8004: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7995:United States 7992: 7988: 7979: 7975: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7893: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7854: 7850: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7827: 7824: 7823: 7822: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7814: 7810: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7798: 7796: 7792: 7786: 7785: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7744: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7711: 7705: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7629: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7606: 7603: 7602: 7601: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7589: 7583: 7580: 7576: 7573: 7569: 7566: 7565: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7559: 7556: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7537: 7534: 7533: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7510: 7507: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7498: 7495: 7491: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7446: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7434:Socioeconomic 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7413: 7410: 7409: 7408: 7405: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7382: 7381: 7378: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7365: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7336: 7332: 7322: 7321: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7309:Social stigma 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7299:Social orphan 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7264: 7259: 7258: 7257:Nouveau riche 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7231:Class traitor 7229: 7227: 7226:Class society 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7195: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7163:Gilbert model 7161: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7139: 7138: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7127: 7125: 7124: 7120: 7119: 7116: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7099: 7094: 7092: 7087: 7085: 7080: 7079: 7076: 7069: 7065: 7062: 7061:0-85115-872-2 7058: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7044: 7040: 7037: 7036:0-8063-0443-X 7033: 7027: 7026: 7021: 7017: 7015: 7014:1-85501-919-1 7011: 7007: 7003: 7001: 6997: 6994: 6993:0-8023-1297-7 6990: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6976:0-312-16278-2 6973: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6958: 6954: 6951: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6929: 6928:0-333-46234-3 6925: 6921: 6917: 6915: 6914:1-86126-371-6 6911: 6907: 6903: 6900: 6896: 6894: 6893:0-517-10319-2 6890: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6877: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6865:1-84415-339-8 6862: 6858: 6854: 6852: 6851:1-85170-723-9 6848: 6844: 6840: 6838: 6837:0-85115-795-5 6834: 6830: 6829:Boydell Press 6826: 6822: 6820: 6819:0-00-414537-2 6816: 6812: 6809:Bluth, B. J. 6808: 6805: 6802:Bloch, Marc. 6801: 6799: 6795: 6792: 6791:0-19-821960-1 6788: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6775: 6755: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6732: 6731: 6726: 6720: 6713: 6707: 6699: 6698: 6693: 6687: 6679: 6678: 6673: 6667: 6659: 6658: 6653: 6647: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6627: 6613:on 2007-11-23 6612: 6608: 6604: 6598: 6596: 6589: 6584: 6576: 6569: 6567: 6551: 6547: 6541: 6527: 6523: 6517: 6503: 6499: 6493: 6478: 6474: 6468: 6453: 6449: 6443: 6428: 6424: 6418: 6404: 6400: 6393: 6377: 6371: 6357: 6353: 6347: 6333: 6329: 6322: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6276: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6235: 6227: 6221: 6217: 6210: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6163: 6149: 6145: 6139: 6125: 6121: 6115: 6107: 6103: 6097: 6090: 6078: 6077: 6069: 6062: 6057: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6037: 6021: 6017: 6011: 5992: 5985: 5976: 5967: 5958: 5956: 5946: 5939: 5933: 5924: 5915: 5909: 5904: 5895: 5889: 5884: 5878: 5873: 5864: 5855: 5849: 5844: 5830:on 2012-02-04 5829: 5825: 5819: 5811: 5805: 5791:on 2020-02-23 5790: 5786: 5780: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5758: 5750: 5746: 5740: 5736: 5729: 5720: 5711: 5704: 5700: 5695: 5681:on 2015-03-24 5680: 5676: 5670: 5662: 5649: 5641: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5617: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5570: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5548: 5544: 5543: 5535: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5502: 5488: 5484: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5463: 5456: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5421: 5415: 5411: 5410: 5402: 5395: 5389: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5348: 5346: 5338: 5332: 5324: 5317: 5311:Keen, p. 138. 5308: 5300: 5293: 5285: 5278: 5273:|first2= 5266: 5258: 5256:9780313291241 5252: 5248: 5247: 5239: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5185: 5177: 5175:9780345391780 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5153: 5145: 5139: 5135: 5134:BBC Worldwide 5131: 5130: 5125: 5124:Schama, Simon 5119: 5111: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5091: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5072: 5066: 5062: 5061: 5054: 5049: 5038: 5031: 5029: 5014:on 2017-11-09 5013: 5009: 5003: 4995: 4989: 4985: 4978: 4970: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4951: 4943: 4941:9780520066342 4937: 4933: 4929: 4928: 4920: 4912: 4906: 4898: 4891: 4883: 4876: 4874: 4865: 4858: 4856: 4847: 4841: 4837: 4830: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4810: 4802: 4795: 4787: 4780: 4773: 4767: 4763: 4760: 4759:Old Bulgarian 4756: 4755: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4736: 4729: 4723: 4716: 4710: 4703: 4697: 4689: 4682: 4666: 4665: 4657: 4643: 4641:9780938289777 4637: 4633: 4632: 4624: 4617: 4611: 4597: 4593: 4587: 4573: 4569: 4563: 4561: 4545: 4541: 4534: 4527: 4522: 4516: 4511: 4504: 4491: 4487: 4481: 4474: 4470: 4464: 4460: 4455: 4454: 4445: 4436: 4428: 4426:0-517-10319-2 4422: 4418: 4411: 4403: 4401:9789783565005 4397: 4393: 4387: 4379: 4377:9781603447140 4373: 4369: 4362: 4358: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4237:Eagle warrior 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4204: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4153:Knight-errant 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4138:Heavy cavalry 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4093: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4067:William Clito 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3992:John Hawkwood 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3967:Hernán Cortés 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3902:Francis Drake 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3848: 3847:Temple Church 3844: 3839: 3826: 3825:Elias Ashmole 3820: 3815: 3813: 3812: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3791: 3790: 3785: 3784: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3758: 3757:Pope Sixtus V 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3720: 3715: 3713: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3685:in 1917 as a 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3627: 3612: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3590: 3581: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3529: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3463: 3461: 3460: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3425: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3339:). The style 3338: 3334: 3331:(rather than 3330: 3326: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3271: 3267: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3233:, namely the 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3213: 3209: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3200: 3198: 3197:Julie Andrews 3194: 3193: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3097: 3093: 3092:Francis Drake 3089: 3082: 3081:George I 3079:, founded by 3078: 3074: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3042:, founded by 3041: 3037: 3034: 3031:, founded by 3030: 3026: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3012: 3009:, founded by 3008: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2990: 2987:, founded by 2986: 2982: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2977: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2939: 2936: 2928: 2918: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2902:This section 2900: 2896: 2891: 2890: 2879: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2845: 2844:Order of Aviz 2842: 2841: 2839: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2793:First Crusade 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2754: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2722: 2720: 2717:). They were 2716: 2712: 2708: 2700: 2699: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2651: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2597: 2596:Ancien Régime 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2578:) called the 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2530: 2529:landed gentry 2526: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2484: 2479: 2475: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2454: 2450: 2447:of a knight ( 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2422: 2419:" but above " 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2398: 2397:Adolfo Suárez 2394: 2391: 2387: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2345: 2342: 2336: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2308: 2306: 2305:Miles Christi 2302: 2298: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2271: 2269: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2215: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2177: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2085: 2084: 2080: 2077:, as well as 2076: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2014: 2013: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1976: 1975:Knight-errant 1966: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1855:heraldic arms 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1824:couched lance 1821: 1820:heater shield 1817: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1753: 1745: 1740: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1703: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1686: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1623: 1613: 1612: 1611:Codex Manesse 1607: 1603: 1598: 1588: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1494:foot-soldiers 1491: 1487: 1480: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1457: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1396: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1356: 1354: 1353:equestrianism 1350: 1349:swordsmanship 1346: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1331: 1329: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1243: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1168:First Crusade 1165: 1161: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1131: 1126: 1117: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1068: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1013:defeated the 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 991: 986: 980: 965: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 900: 896: 892: 887: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 852: 850: 846: 845:heavy cavalry 841: 839: 834: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 795: 793: 789: 785: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 736: 732: 722: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 667: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 608: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 589:Islamic world 586: 585: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 559:high nobility 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 519: 514: 513: 507: 505: 504:head of state 501: 497: 485: 480: 478: 473: 471: 466: 465: 463: 462: 457: 454: 452: 451:Ministerialis 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 438: 437: 436: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 417: 416: 415: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 391: 390: 389: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 360: 359: 358: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 319: 318: 317: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 298: 297: 296: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 267: 266: 265: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 239:Duke, Duchess 237: 233: 230: 229: 228: 225: 221: 218: 217: 216: 213: 212: 211: 210: 205: 202: 200: 197: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 174: 172: 168: 165: 163: 160: 159: 158: 155: 154: 153: 152: 147: 144: 142: 141:Tsar, Tsarina 139: 135: 132: 131: 130: 127: 126: 125: 124: 120: 116: 115: 112: 107: 106: 102: 98: 97: 92: 91:Codex Manesse 88: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 66: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 9399:Service flag 9176: 9034:Medal ribbon 9005: 8980: 8966:Named after 8859:Architecture 8821:Human rights 8717: 8659: 8639: 8589:Grand master 8572:Post-nominal 8421:Distinctions 8420: 8388:Phaleristics 8320:Soviet Union 8295:Ancient Rome 8152:Homelessness 8077:Upper Middle 7949: / 7930: / 7921: / 7886:Working poor 7782: 7769:Robber baron 7664: 7592:Intellectual 7582:Royal family 7546:Ancient Rome 7400:second-class 7318: 7261: 7260: / 7255: 7251:High society 7158:Elite theory 7135: 7128: 7121: 7108:Social class 7048: 7024: 7005: 6984: 6966:. New York: 6963: 6956: 6949: 6933: 6919: 6905: 6898: 6884: 6875: 6856: 6842: 6824: 6810: 6803: 6778: 6758:. Retrieved 6728: 6719: 6711: 6706: 6695: 6686: 6675: 6666: 6655: 6646: 6635: 6626: 6615:. Retrieved 6611:the original 6606: 6583: 6574: 6553:. Retrieved 6550:www.royal.uk 6549: 6540: 6529:. Retrieved 6525: 6516: 6505:. Retrieved 6501: 6492: 6481:. Retrieved 6479:. 2024-03-11 6476: 6467: 6456:. Retrieved 6454:. 2024-03-22 6451: 6442: 6431:. Retrieved 6429:. 2024-03-18 6426: 6417: 6406:. Retrieved 6402: 6392: 6380:. Retrieved 6370: 6359:. Retrieved 6355: 6346: 6335:. Retrieved 6331: 6321: 6304: 6300: 6248: 6244: 6234: 6215: 6209: 6176: 6172: 6162: 6151:. Retrieved 6148:dokumen.tips 6147: 6138: 6127:. Retrieved 6123: 6114: 6105: 6096: 6088: 6081:. Retrieved 6075: 6068: 6060: 6056: 6048: 6036: 6024:. Retrieved 6019: 6010: 5998:. Retrieved 5984: 5975: 5966: 5945: 5937: 5932: 5923: 5914: 5903: 5894: 5883: 5872: 5863: 5854: 5843: 5832:. Retrieved 5828:the original 5818: 5804: 5793:. Retrieved 5789:the original 5779: 5764: 5748: 5734: 5728: 5719: 5710: 5702: 5694: 5683:. Retrieved 5679:the original 5669: 5648:cite journal 5616: 5583: 5579: 5569: 5541: 5534: 5523:. Retrieved 5511: 5501: 5490:. Retrieved 5486: 5455: 5440: 5435: 5423:. Retrieved 5408: 5401: 5393: 5388: 5373: 5368: 5352: 5336: 5331: 5316: 5307: 5298: 5292: 5245: 5238: 5222: 5214: 5205: 5189: 5184: 5161: 5158:Weir, Alison 5152: 5128: 5118: 5059: 5048: 5016:. Retrieved 5012:the original 5002: 4983: 4977: 4957: 4950: 4926: 4919: 4905: 4890: 4835: 4829: 4814: 4809: 4800: 4794: 4785: 4784:"Cavalier". 4779: 4768: 4761: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4735: 4727: 4722: 4714: 4709: 4701: 4696: 4687: 4681: 4669:. Retrieved 4663: 4656: 4645:. Retrieved 4630: 4623: 4615: 4610: 4599:. Retrieved 4595: 4586: 4575:. Retrieved 4571: 4547:. Retrieved 4533: 4521: 4510: 4501: 4494:. Retrieved 4480: 4472: 4452: 4444: 4439:Clark, p. 1. 4435: 4416: 4410: 4391: 4386: 4367: 4361: 4232:Conquistador 4168:Black knight 4100: 4032:Saint George 3872:Andrew Moray 3817: 3808: 3794: 3787: 3781: 3766: 3740: 3738: 3722: 3717: 3708: 3674: 3670: 3649:in 1910 and 3641:since 1901 ( 3623: 3608: 3594: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3530: 3504: 3489: 3473: 3458: 3437: 3415: 3376: 3353: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3281: 3277: 3275: 3217:such as the 3211: 3201: 3190: 3172: 3101: 2974: 2960: 2931: 2922: 2911:Please help 2906:verification 2903: 2824: 2751: 2734: 2728: 2704: 2695: 2692:White Knight 2659:, acting as 2647: 2600: 2579: 2545: 2541:grand collar 2533: 2514: 2504: 2493: 2488: 2482: 2473: 2460: 2458: 2449:Schloss Hart 2428: 2402: 2401: 2364: 2361: 2337: 2309: 2293: 2272: 2247: 2200: 2194: 2192:literature. 2174: 2172: 2161: 2136: 2130: 2119: 2113: 2108: 2101: 2091: 2081: 2072: 2062: 2052: 2038: 2032: 2018: 2010: 1956: 1896:Plate armour 1894: 1870:nasal helmet 1867: 1828: 1805: 1786: 1755: 1712:coat of arms 1707: 1705: 1683: 1643: 1632: 1626: 1620: 1617: 1609: 1582: 1577: 1573: 1563: 1557: 1553:Round Tables 1547:, attending 1540: 1530: 1516: 1498: 1482: 1460: 1430: 1416: 1412:long jumping 1392: 1390: 1364: 1362: 1334: 1332: 1324: 1305:such as the 1299:insurgencies 1292: 1285: 1279: 1276:petty nobles 1267:quid pro quo 1265: 1254: 1237: 1236:) ideals of 1221: 1203: 1196: 1182:(1128), the 1178:(1118), the 1157: 1148: 1144: 1142: 1135: 1111: 1072: 1034: 1028: 988: 985:ancient Rome 982: 961: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 899:vulgar Latin 894: 888: 883: 880:Roman Empire 872:social class 867: 863: 853: 842: 837: 835: 822: 818: 814: 798: 796: 792:guoter kneht 791: 783: 776: 775:, Norwegian 772: 768: 764: 760: 749: 737: 730: 728: 668: 609: 582: 574: 570: 566: 516: 510: 508: 499: 495: 493: 419: 280:Marcher lord 78: 64: 46: 37:This is the 31: 9394:Vexillology 9384:Numismatics 9245:Passage fee 9221:Ceremonies 9003:Grand Cross 8978:For wearing 8725:Grand Lodge 8655:Hospitaller 8637:Grand Cross 8582:By function 8435:By conferee 8409:decorations 8401:numismatics 8239:New Zealand 7956:Untouchable 7881:Proletariat 7871:Pea-pickers 7821:Bourgeoisie 7509:Aristocracy 7395:naturalized 7390:native-born 6725:"No. 30250" 6692:"No. 54597" 6672:"No. 54017" 6652:"No. 52120" 6632:"No. 27284" 6382:30 November 6266:11089/12551 4799:"Reidh- ". 4766:Old Russian 4526:Sabine Haag 4272:Juramentado 4267:Janissaries 4227:Condottieri 4017:Roger Bigod 3917:Gerard Thom 3814:) in 1149. 3783:Reconquista 3689:, when the 3663:Lady Fraser 3345:Norma Major 3132:Netherlands 3121:New Zealand 3103:countries: 2952:Pippo Spano 2925:August 2021 2831:Reconquista 2588:liege lords 2445:family seat 2413:Netherlands 2268:Mercenaries 2238:Landsknecht 2202:Don Quixote 2124:King Arthur 2074:Don Quixote 1948:Cuirassiers 1874:spangenhelm 1863:waffenrocks 1831:mail armour 1816:kite shield 1728:tournaments 1710:(bearing a 1685:pas d'armes 1591:Tournaments 1549:tournaments 1537:Ramon Llull 1521:(c. 1100), 1303:urban areas 1153:man-at-arms 1043:Carolingian 1039:Charlemagne 758:Old Frisian 735:Old English 660:King Arthur 648:men-at-arms 644:Charlemagne 579:Christendom 89:, from the 9505:Categories 9322:Fellowship 9280:Fraternity 9262:Collar day 9223:and events 9067:Collar pin 8889:Philosophy 8879:Literature 8713:Commandery 8594:Chancellor 8492:Commercial 8229:Luxembourg 8119:Inequality 7784:Superclass 7575:Hereditary 7551:Post-Roman 7542:Patrician 7412:adolescent 7236:Classicide 6781:. Oxford: 6771:References 6760:2011-08-23 6617:2009-11-19 6531:2024-04-13 6507:2024-07-04 6483:2024-04-13 6458:2024-04-13 6433:2024-04-13 6408:2024-07-04 6361:2024-07-04 6337:2024-07-04 6313:1970260646 6153:2023-10-12 6129:2023-10-12 6083:4 December 6026:January 2, 5834:2008-10-12 5795:2015-11-15 5744:0936388315 5685:2021-07-05 5525:2021-07-05 5492:2021-03-04 5425:4 December 5018:2015-11-05 4884:. Origins. 4671:18 January 4647:2017-06-18 4601:2009-04-07 4577:2009-04-07 4486:"Crusades" 4302:Mujahideen 4222:Cataphract 3712:Ménestrier 3498:, and the 3475:Chronicles 3349:John Major 3314:Dame Dench 3286:given name 3183:Elton John 3175:monarchies 3154:, and the 3111:using the 2961:After the 2821:until 1525 2636:, and the 2576:chevaliers 2492:and below 2455:, Austria) 2222:See also: 2182:humanities 2098:Pearl Poet 2009:Page from 1959:caparisons 1928:schynbalds 1882:great helm 1801:warhammers 1708:armigerous 1678:fought by 1622:hastiludes 1606:Tournament 1551:, holding 1513:Heroic Age 1509:liege lord 1110:and their 999:Ostrogoths 979:Bucellarii 920:, Spanish 916:: Italian 878:and early 856:Equestrian 771:, Swedish 654:, and the 500:knighthood 430:Druzhinnik 18:Knighthood 9312:Syndicate 9240:Feoffment 9162:Plaquette 9096:Epaulette 9062:Lapel pin 9057:Award pin 9029:Medal bar 8841:Volunteer 8719:Obedience 8703:Bailiwick 8669:Postulant 8645:Commander 8599:Treasurer 8462:Dynasties 8254:Sri Lanka 8147:Education 8114:Household 8007:Affluence 7942:Rat tribe 7904:Ant tribe 7876:Precariat 7861:Lazzaroni 7803:Bohemians 7764:Overclass 7759:Old money 7695:Spartiate 7670:Kshatriya 7660:Hashashin 7617:Professor 7558:Political 7531:Oligarchy 7521:Hanseaten 7439:Stateless 7419:Convicted 7351:By status 7314:Subaltern 7246:Euthenics 7178:New class 7068:2002-3680 7043:74-129966 6879:. London. 6798:85-235009 6555:April 13, 6275:1337-9453 6193:0013-8266 5705:pp. 52–53 5699:W. P. Ker 5608:161352227 5600:0003-5815 5561:137244800 5265:cite book 5042:. Nebula. 4292:Maharlika 4277:Kshatriya 4257:Housecarl 4252:Furusiyya 4247:Eso Ikoyi 3786:from the 3759:in 1558. 3665:was made 3651:Elizabeth 3645:in 1901, 3603:like the 3585:August II 3569:Chevalier 3526:see below 3511:astronaut 3438:Cavaliere 3430:Cavaliere 3391:Ministers 3310:Dame Judi 3294:Sir Elton 3179:republics 3177:and also 3144:see below 3115:and some 3057:) in 1687 2868:Calatrava 2858:Alcántara 2747:commoners 2731:baronetcy 2719:attainted 2474:Chevalier 2459:Likewise 2236:in 1525. 2106:, etc.). 1997:Minnesang 1950:like the 1912:rerebrace 1890:hounskull 1812:Dark Ages 1734:Equipment 1690:hastilude 1641:singing. 1608:from the 1578:chevalier 1433:Christmas 1404:wrestling 1395:agilities 1345:falconers 1239:furusiyya 1222:chevalier 1075:benefices 1007:comitatus 944:: German 934:cavaleiro 926:chevalier 924:, French 922:caballero 918:cavaliere 833:of land. 827:Æthelstan 767:, Danish 729:The word 725:Etymology 605:Holy Land 584:furusiyya 575:chevalier 533:. By the 521:. In the 342:Advocatus 337:Landgrave 327:Castellan 311:Ealdorman 9416:Nobility 9389:Heraldry 9379:Chivalry 9372:concepts 9370:Related 9271:Related 9252:Festival 9230:Accolade 9116:Campaign 9084:Heraldic 8960:insignia 8934:Scouting 8836:Politics 8788:Civilian 8754:Military 8745:by field 8619:Chaplain 8604:Assessor 8346:Category 8278:Historic 8199:Colombia 8189:Cambodia 8124:Personal 8022:Mobility 7951:Freedman 7937:Plebeian 7923:Prisoner 7909:Commoner 7795:Creative 7776:Seigneur 7742:Nobility 7700:Vanniyar 7685:Pendekar 7645:Cossacks 7279:Snobbery 7151:Theories 7022:(1906). 7000:98-32049 6970:, 1996. 6957:Chivalry 6944:08-31670 6831:, 2000. 6785:, 1985. 6309:ProQuest 6201:20108644 5126:(2003). 5090:"Knight" 4749:cabullus 4741:caballos 4592:"Knecht" 4568:"Knight" 4549:11 March 4496:11 March 4212:Baghatur 4183:Nobility 4133:Destrier 4096:Accolade 4089:See also 3849:, London 3822:— 3683:damehood 3551:and the 3451:and the 3360:gazetted 3356:accolade 3318:Ms Dench 3298:Sir John 3261:and the 3245:and the 3163:Holy See 3128:European 2967:chivalry 2963:Crusades 2878:Santiago 2620:and the 2592:nobility 2564:Normandy 2525:Freiherr 2511:Austrian 2453:Kindberg 2421:Jonkheer 2331:and the 2242:arquebus 2021:medieval 1981:Chivalry 1924:pauldron 1920:spaulder 1916:vambrace 1886:bascinet 1851:surcoats 1778:gauntlet 1720:surcoats 1716:heraldry 1702:Heraldry 1696:Heraldry 1639:minstrel 1585:Crusades 1574:Chivalry 1570:courtier 1545:jousting 1532:Parzival 1490:peasants 1479:Chivalry 1441:soldiers 1427:Accolade 1421:Accolade 1400:swimming 1341:huntsmen 1313:and the 1251:Training 1226:Crusades 1218:chivalry 1212:and the 1206:paladins 1174:(1100), 1162:and the 1113:demesnes 1003:infantry 930:chivalry 928:(whence 914:cavalier 910:caballus 906:caballos 902:caballus 838:rādcniht 817:. 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