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236:: "the males have childlike and boyish features in contrast to their strong and muscular bodies. The popularity of the show influenced many South Korean men to take their appearance more seriously. An increasing number of South Korean males began applying cosmetics, wearing preppy and cruise-like outfits and sporting traditionally feminine looks, colors, and prints".
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groups. One respondent wrote: "I am also really curious about flower boys and the varying expressions of masculinity in Korean boy bands." Another respondent noted: "The first thing that attracted me when I was young is that Korean artists were exceptionally handsome/beautiful and possessed unique
188:
In the late 1990s, Kkonminam images became notable in the Korean entertainment industry, glorifying "pretty" boys with smooth, fair skin, silky hair, and a feminine manner. These new images replaced the previous ones of tough and aggressive Korean men in television commercials, dramas, and on
48:
176:
affected South Korea in the 1990s when restrictions were placed on international imports. Due to the Act, Korea experienced restrictions on television programming. Television companies turned instead to establishing channels such as
426:
Jung, Sun (2010). "Chogukjeok pan-East Asian soft masculinity: Reading Boys over
Flowers, Coffee Prince and Shinhwa fan fiction". In Black, Daniel; Epstein, Stephen; Tokita, Alison (eds.).
1055:
949:
427:
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232:) gained popularity in South Korea and across Asia. The plot follows an average high school girl who gets involved in the life of an arrogant rich boy and his friends. In
376:'Not So Soft After All: Kkonminam Masculinities in Contemporary South Korean Popular Culture' Conference Proceedings of the KSAA 7th Biennial Conference, Paper no. P049
165:, a revolutionary K-pop group, credited for effeminating Korean masculinity, was heavily criticized at the time for borrowing Japanese style. Professor Kim Hyun Mee at
67:
since the late-1990s to refer to men who are especially concerned with personal style, grooming and fashion. This lifestyle also includes the significant usage of
987:
457:
Analysis and construction of engaging facial forms and expressions: interdisciplinary approaches from art, anatomy, engineering, cultural studies, and psychology
277:
themes in their performances. The hybridized aspects help the bands appeal to broader audiences. Analysts note that these boy bands display masculinity of both
120:
that was first used to describe "pretty boy characters from girls comics who regularly appeared against backgrounds filled with flowery patterns". The Korean
161:
before 1998, Koreans gathered information in a variety of ways, mainly through underground personalized human networks, internet, trips to Japan and piracy.
189:
billboards. The
Kkonminam phenomenon is prominent in Korean popular culture; it can be seen in fashion, music, photography, advertising, and television.
109:, an ancient Korean kingdom. Chinese sources referred only to the physical beauty of the "flower boys" who were known for their androgynous good looks.
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attributes this to the growing independence and confidence of Asian women: " can afford to be more selective when choosing a mate."
798:
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Anderson, Crystal S. (2014). "That's My Man! Overlapping
Masculinities in Korean Popular Music". In Kuwahara, Yasue (ed.).
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173:
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954:
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559:
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Catching the K-Pop Wave: Globality in the
Production, Distribution, and Consumption of South Korean Popular Music
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the title song of their first album, they put on a hyper-masculine, beast-like performance. In the performances,
1112:
1034:
1024:
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Transnational
Cultural Traffic in Northeast Asia: The "Presence" of Japan in Korea's Popular Music Culture
185:. Mnet is a South Korean television music channel that has a variety of talk, game, and live music shows.
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Damyeon-ribbon-wang-heedo (唐閻立本王會圖), China envoy to visit. left-to-right: Wa, Silla, Baekje
Ambassador
1029:
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105:, or "flower youths" or "flowering knights/gentlemen", were an elite group of male warriors in
660:
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as
Jimseungdol. On-stage, they showcase theatrical manliness. In performances of "Heartbeat"
137:
The emergence of kkonminam was a socio-cultural phenomenon associated with the influence of
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Kkonminam: An
Exploration of Representations of Masculine Identities in the K-pop Industry
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manga and anime, but, according to Sun Jung, with more purity, innocence and politeness.
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248:, found a variety of ways in which global fans refer to the unique masculinity of male
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Korean masculinities and transcultural consumption: Yonsama, Rain, Oldboy, K-Pop idols
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Due to their tough masculine image, 2PM have been nicknamed by local Korean media and
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style, both in their music and fashion," linking appearance to a certain style.
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799:"Men in K-Pop: From "Flower Boys" to "Beast-dols" | Arts | The Harvard Crimson"
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149:, dramas, beauty products and music (particularly visual-kei rock bands like
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K-POP IDOLS: popular culture and the emergence of the korean music industry
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432:. Melbourne: Monash University ePress. pp. 8.1–8.16. Archived from
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and kkonminam elements. These boy bands test stereotypical masculinity.
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157:) in the 1990s. Even though Japanese popular culture was officially
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concept of soft masculinity originates from the
Japanese concept of
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Sexual orientation and gender identity in the South Korean military
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Globalization and
Popular Music in South Korea Sounding Out K-Pop
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Examples of Korean boy bands that exemplify this phenomenon are
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The Korean wave : Korean popular culture in global context
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symbolically rips out Taecyeon's heart in a brutal manner, and
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141:(strong and tall physical appeal) and Japanese entertainment's
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35:
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Crystal S. Anderson, a Cultural Studies research scholar at
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Complicated Currents: Media Flows, Soft Power and East Asia
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breathes fiercely while lifting Nichkhun over his head.
560:"How K-Pop Empowered Men Everywhere to Embrace Make-Up"
459:(PhD dissertation). Virginia Commonwealth University.
851:
680:(BA dissertation). University for the Creative Arts
1071:Transgender personnel in the South Korean military
765:. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. pp. 117–131.
181:in order to broadcast commercial programs such as
408:Rutt, Richard, The Flower Boys of Silla (Hwarang)
273:. These bands draw on elements of "gangster" and
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710:(Senior thesis). Vassar College. Archived from
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490:(PhD dissertation). University of Pittsburgh.
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960:Recognition of same-sex unions in South Korea
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16:South Korean term for an attractive young man
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1061:Suicide ideation in South Korean LGBT youth
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214:In 2009, a Korean television series called
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71:. Although they are sometimes regarded as
63:= handsome man) has been commonly used in
1009:Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea
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735:"Men, Be Beautiful for Spring, Summer"
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509:LEE, HARK JOON. JIN, DAL YONG (2021).
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988:Representation in film and television
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586:ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF JAPANESE MEDIA
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955:Transgender rights in South Korea
659:. 24 October 2005. Archived from
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733:Lee Hyo-won (12 February 2009).
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950:Intersex rights in South Korea
827:. Hong Kong University Press.
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373:Elfving-Hwang, Joanna (2011).
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204:as the arrogant Gu Jun-Pyo in
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1185:South Korean popular culture
1035:Seoul Queer Culture Festival
1025:Daegu Queer Culture Festival
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1200:Stereotypes of urban people
1180:LGBT culture in South Korea
929:LGBT history in South Korea
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1210:South Korean youth culture
1155:Popular culture neologisms
1066:Transgender in South Korea
1051:LGBT health in South Korea
945:LGBT rights in South Korea
916:LGBT topics in South Korea
674:Taylor, Constance (2007).
558:Yi, David (21 June 2021).
139:Mandatory Military Service
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1030:Korea Queer Film Festival
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515:. S.l.: LEXINGTON BOOKS.
1145:Korean words and phrases
486:Jung, Eun-Young (2007).
771:10.1057/9781137350282_7
79:), generally gender or
1091:South Korea portal
618:Fuhr, Michael (2015).
455:Kim, Lee-Soon (2013).
211:
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704:Leung, Sarah (2012).
589:. : ROUTLEDGE. 2020.
296:tears off his shirt,
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174:National Security Act
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663:on 15 December 2005.
346:– Western equivalent
240:Korean boy pop bands
654:"Mirror, Mirror..."
246:Longwood University
220:(based on Japanese
1195:Stereotypes of men
1175:Men in South Korea
823:Jung, Sun (2011).
714:on 8 November 2018
465:10.25772/B45J-E758
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81:sexual orientation
1160:LGBTQ and society
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1121:
834:978-988-8053-63-6
780:978-1-349-46832-4
631:978-1-315-73308-1
596:978-0-367-58088-9
522:978-1-4985-8827-0
386:978-0-7334-3079-4
379:. pp. 2–21.
339:Little fresh meat
234:Boys over Flowers
217:Boys over Flowers
207:Boys over Flowers
167:Yonsei University
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843:j.ctt1xcrmm
569:6 September
344:Metrosexual
77:androgynous
65:South Korea
38::
28::
1140:Effeminacy
1129:Categories
808:24 October
746:24 October
718:23 October
684:23 October
640:8162339185
605:1156991148
531:1240575530
440:22 January
361:References
202:Lee Min Ho
193:Television
112:The word "
59:= flower,
1004:Chingusai
983:Kkonminam
978:Homo Hill
539:cite book
496:126867040
473:142464907
302:Chan-Sung
267:Highlight
143:androgyny
122:kkonminam
118:neologism
114:kkonminam
69:cosmetics
21:Kkonminam
1113:Category
1044:See also
392:22 March
319:Bishōnen
308:See also
298:Nichkhun
294:Taecyeon
286:netizens
145:such as
127:bishōnen
73:bishōnen
970:Culture
922:History
868:Society
854:Portals
564:Esquire
410:. 1961.
355:Ulzzang
329:Hwarang
275:hip-hop
151:X Japan
116:" is a
102:Hwarang
87:History
1135:Beauty
1018:Events
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334:Ikemen
279:kawaii
269:, and
228:manga
163:H.O.T.
159:banned
57:kkot/n
50:listen
34:;
26:Korean
880:LGBTQ
839:JSTOR
492:S2CID
469:S2CID
324:Himbo
314:Aegyo
271:MBLAQ
250:K-pop
224:shojo
183:K-pop
147:manga
132:shōjo
107:Silla
61:minam
36:Hanja
829:ISBN
810:2018
775:ISBN
748:2018
720:2018
686:2018
657:Time
636:OCLC
626:ISBN
601:OCLC
591:ISBN
571:2021
545:link
527:OCLC
517:ISBN
442:2021
394:2019
381:ISBN
179:Mnet
172:The
153:and
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938:Law
767:doi
461:doi
350:Moe
263:2PM
130:in
41:꽃美男
31:꽃미남
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