421:
20:
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1076:, and not with a patented potato peeler". Breazeale advocated simplicity over dishwashing machines "that would have done credit to a moderate sized hotel", and noted that the most useful kitchen utensils were "the simple little inexpensive conveniences that work themselves into every day use", giving examples, of utensils that were simple and cheap but indispensable once obtained and used, of a stiff brush for cleaning saucepans, a sink strainer to prevent drains from clogging, and an ordinary wooden spoon.
385:
195:
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308:, which is poisonous. Thompson noted that as a consequence of this the use of such glazed earthenware was prohibited by law in some countries from use in cooking, or even from use for storing acidic foods. Van Rensselaer proposed in 1919 that one test for lead content in earthenware was to let a beaten egg stand in the utensil for a few minutes and watch to see whether it became discoloured, which is a sign that lead might be present.
335:"is without doubt the best material for kitchen utensils", noting that it is "as far superior to enamelled ware as enamelled ware is to the old-time iron or tin". He qualified his recommendation for replacing worn-out tin or enamelled utensils with aluminium ones by noting that "old-fashioned black iron frying pans and muffin rings, polished on the inside or worn smooth by long usage, are, however, superior to aluminium ones".
271:. For some iron kitchen utensils, water is a particular problem, since it is very difficult to dry them fully. In particular, iron egg-beaters or ice cream freezers are tricky to dry, and the consequent rust if left wet will roughen them and possibly clog them completely. When storing iron utensils for long periods, van Rensselaer recommended coating them in non-salted (since salt is also an ionic compound) fat or paraffin.
526:
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346:, and the fact that its corrosion products are white and so (unlike the dark corrosion products of, say, iron) do not discolour food that they happen to be mixed into during cooking. However, its disadvantages are that it is easily discoloured, can be dissolved by acidic foods (to a comparatively small extent), and reacts to alkaline soaps if they are used for cleaning a utensil.
1084:
operated to raise expectations of what families would eat. So while food was easier to prepare and to cook, ordinary householders at the same time were expected to prepare and to cook more complex and harder-to-prepare meals on a regular basis. The labour-saving effect of the tools was cancelled out
1079:
The "labour-saving" devices did not necessarily save labour, either. While the advent of mass-produced standardized measuring instruments permitted even householders with little to no cooking skills to follow recipes and end up with the desired result and the advent of many utensils enabled "modern"
614:
The following list, supplied by Messrs
Richard & John Slack, 336, Strand, will show the articles required for the kitchen of a family in the middle class of life, although it does not contain all the things that may be deemed necessary for some families, and may contain more than are required for
516:
in the second half of the 19th century, John North is recorded as having himself made "a real nice rolling pin, and a pudding stick" for his wife; one soldier is recorded as having a Civil War bayonet refashioned, by a blacksmith, into a bread knife; whereas an immigrant
Swedish family is recorded as
511:
in the 14th century, in particular the records of possessions given in the coroner's rolls. Very few such people owned any kitchen utensils at all. In fact only seven convicted felons are recorded as having any. One such, a murderer from 1339, is recorded as possessing only the one kitchen utensil:
286:
finds many applications in the manufacture of kitchen utensils. Stainless steel is considerably less likely to rust in contact with water or food products, and so reduces the effort required to maintain utensils in clean useful condition. Cutting tools made with stainless steel maintain a usable edge
112:
used for food preparation. Common kitchen tasks include cutting food items to size, heating food on an open fire or on a stove, baking, grinding, mixing, blending, and measuring; different utensils are made for each task. A general purpose utensil such as a chef's knife may be used for a variety of
318:
Earthenware, porcelain, and pottery utensils can be used for both cooking and serving food, and so thereby save on washing-up of two separate sets of utensils. They are durable, and (van
Rensselaer notes) "excellent for slow, even cooking in even heat, such as slow baking". However, they are
402:
allow ingredient levels to be easily visible, and are lighter and less fragile than glass measuring cups. Plastic handles added to utensils improve comfort and grip. While many plastics deform or decompose if heated, a few silicone products can be used in boiling water or in an oven for food
1071:
However, many of these utensils were expensive and not affordable by the majority of householders. Some people considered them unnecessary, too. James Frank
Breazeale decried the explosion in patented "labour-saving" devices for the modern kitchen—promoted in exhibitions and advertised in
274:
Iron utensils have little problem with high cooking temperatures, are simple to clean as they become smooth with long use, are durable and comparatively strong (i.e. not as prone to breaking as, say, earthenware), and hold heat well. However, as noted, they rust comparatively easily.
1050:
Parloa, in her 1880 cookbook, took two pages to list all of the essential kitchen utensils for a well-furnished kitchen, a list running to 93 distinct sorts of item. The 1882 edition ran to 20 pages illustrating and describing the various utensils for a well-furnished kitchen.
615:
others. As Messrs Slack themselves, however, publish a useful illustrated catalogue, which may be had at their establishment gratis, and which it will be found advantageous to consult by those about to furnish, it supersedes the necessity of our enlarging that which we give:
571:; a tin coffee-pot for boiling coffee, or a filter — either being equally good; a tin canister to keep roasted and ground coffee in; a canister for tea; a covered tin box for bread; one likewise for cake, or a drawer in your store-closet, lined with zinc or tin; a
411:
Heat-resistant glass utensils can be used for baking or other cooking. Glass does not conduct heat as well as metal, and has the drawback of breaking easily if dropped. Transparent glass measuring cups allow ready measurement of liquid and dry ingredients.
315:, enamelware utensils require careful handling, as careful as for glassware, because they are prone to chipping. But enamel utensils are not affected by acidic foods, are durable, and are easily cleaned. However, they cannot be used with strong alkalis.
546:
A growth in the range of kitchen utensils available can be traced through the growth in the range of utensils recommended to the aspiring householder in cookbooks as the century progressed. Earlier in the century, in 1828, Frances
Byerley Parkes
208:
noted at the start of the 19th century that kitchen utensils were commonly made of copper, with various efforts made to prevent the copper from reacting with food (particularly its acidic contents) at the temperatures used for cooking, including
225:
noted that kitchen utensils were made of (tinned or enamelled) iron and steel, copper, nickel, silver, tin, clay, earthenware, and aluminium. The latter, aluminium, became a popular material for kitchen utensils in the 20th century.
579:; — the yellow ware is much the stringest, or tin pans of different sizes are economical; — a stout tin pan for mixing bread; a large earthen bowl for beating cake; a stone jug for yeast; a stone jar for soup stock; a meat-saw; a
533:
The 19th century, particularly in the United States, saw an explosion in the number of kitchen utensils available on the market, with many labour-saving devices being invented and patented throughout the century. Maria Parloa's
121:. Some specialized utensils are used when an operation is to be repeated many times, or when the cook has limited dexterity or mobility. The number of utensils in a household kitchen varies with time and the style of cooking.
245:
compounds, and are not suitable for acidic foods. Copper pots are lined with tin to prevent discoloration or altering the taste of food. The tin lining must be periodically restored, and protected from overheating.
542:
of 139 kitchen utensils without which a contemporary kitchen would not be considered properly furnished. Parloa wrote that "the homemaker will find [that] there is continually something new to be bought".
453:, "our knowledge is very limited; but as the art of living, in every civilized country, is pretty much the same, the instruments for cooking must, in a great degree, bear a striking resemblance to one another".
241:
and copper utensils are both durable and attractive in appearance. However, they are also comparatively heavier than utensils made of other materials, require scrupulous cleaning to remove poisonous
186:, utensils (both kitchen and dining) made of glass; and so forth. These latter categorizations include utensils—made of glass, silver, clay, and so forth—that are not necessarily kitchen utensils.
170:
Other names used for various types of kitchen utensils, although not strictly denoting a utensil that is specific to the kitchen, are according to the materials they are made of, again using the "
1974:
Domestic Duties; or, Instructions to Young
Married Ladies on the Management of their Household, and the Regulations of their conduct in the various Relations and Duties of Married Life
517:
having brought with them "solid silver knives, forks, and spoons [...] Quantities of copper and brass utensils burnished until they were like mirrors hung in rows".
456:
Archaeologists and historians have studied the kitchen utensils used in centuries past. For example: In the Middle
Eastern villages and towns of the middle first millennium
1667:
Schwartz, Joshua J. (2006). "The
Material Realities of Jewish Life in the Land of Israel c. 235–638". In Davies, William David; Katz, Steven T.; Finkelstein, Louis (eds.).
374:
Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Wrought products — Chemical composition of semi-finished products used for the fabrication of articles for use in contact with foodstuffs
1072:"Household Guides" at the start of the 20th century—, saying that "the best way for the housewife to peel a potato, for example, is in the old-fashioned way, with a
338:
Aluminium's advantages over other materials for kitchen utensils is its good thermal conductivity (which is approximately an order of magnitude greater than that of
304:
utensils suffer from brittleness when subjected to rapid large changes in temperature, as commonly occur in cooking, and the glazing of earthenware often contains
2002:
588:
403:
preparation. Non-stick plastic coatings can be applied to frying pans; newer coatings avoid the issues with decomposition of plastics under strong heating.
2317:
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foods; other kitchen utensils are highly specialized and may be used only in connection with preparation of a particular type of food, such as an
980:
2561:
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58:
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743:
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221:. He observed that iron had been used as a substitute, and that some utensils were made of earthenware. By the turn of the 20th century,
640:
163:(i.e. knives and other cutting implements) can be used for both food preparation in a kitchen and as eating utensils when dining. Other
555:, wrote with the assumption that her readers would have the "usual quantity of utensils", to which she added a list of necessary items:
267:
kitchen utensils are less prone to rust by avoiding abrasive scouring and extended soaking in water in order to build up its layer of
845:
507:
Ownership and types of kitchen utensils varied from household to household. Records survive of inventories of kitchen utensils from
440:. Lower: hanging from hooks; a small pan, a meat fork, an icing spatula, a whole spoon, a slotted spoon, and a perforated spatula.
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a brass pot (one of the commonest such kitchen utensils listed in the records) valued at three shillings. Similarly, in
2850:
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Plastics can be readily formed by molding into a variety of shapes useful for kitchen utensils. Transparent plastic
559:
Copper saucepans, well lined, with covers, from three to six different sizes; a flat-bottomed soup-pot; an upright
370:
Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Castings — Chemical composition of castings for use in contact with foodstuffs
1085:
by the increased labour required for what came to be expected as the culinary norm in the average household.
460:, historical and archaeological sources record that Jewish households generally had stone measuring cups, a
2083:
2009:(reprinted by Applewood Books, 2002 ed.). Minneapolis: Buckeye Publishing Company. pp. 364–365.
1621:(1969). "On the construction of Kitchen Fireplaces and Kitchen Utensils". In Brown, Sanborn Conner (ed.).
368:, the construction of kitchen utensils made of aluminium is determined by two European standards: EN 601 (
2105:
575:; a board to cut bread upon; a covered jar for pieces of bread, and one for fine crumbs; a knife-tray; a
2813:
1537:. Cooking in America (republished by Applewood Books, 2007 ed.). New York: Frye Publishing Co.
2706:
1603:. Cooking in America (republished by Applewood Books, 2008 ed.). Boston: Dana Estes & Co.
1695:. Cooking in America (republished by Applewood Books, 2008 ed.). New York: The Macmillan Co.
342:), the fact that it is largely non-reactive with foodstuffs at low and high temperatures, its low
2778:
2768:
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2621:
2157:
2137:
1142:
800:
2007:
Buckeye
Cookery & Practical Housekeeping: Tried and Approved, Compiled from Original Recipes
128:
is a utensil for cooking. Utensils may be categorized by use with terms derived from the word "
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1512:. Wordsworth Reference Series (republished by Wordsworth Editions, 2006 ed.). London:
238:
8:
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2449:
2242:
1917:
735:
583:; iron and wooden spoons; a wire sieve for sifting flour and meal; a small hair sieve; a
24:
1690:
1652:. California studies in food and culture. Vol. 25. University of California Press.
1532:
1894:
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28:
27:(professional kitchen tools and pans), from the beginning of the 20th century, at the
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1063:) listed more than 200 kitchen utensils that a well-furnished kitchen should have.
296:
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580:
551:) had recommended a smaller array of utensils. By 1858, Elizabeth H. Putnam, in
283:
114:
88:
67:
1575:
Food on the frontier: Minnesota cooking from 1850 to 1900, with selected recipes
384:
2686:
2606:
2551:
2454:
1936:
Hancock, Ralph (2006). "metal utensils". In
Davidson, Alan; Jaine, Tom (eds.).
1177:
472:(a lidded stewpot/casserole pot type of vessel used for stewing and steaming),
388:
365:
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while not presenting the risk of rust found with iron or other types of steel.
152:
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Schuler, Stanley; Schuler, Elizabeth Meriwether (1975). "kitchen utensils".
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cooking, on a stove or range rather than at floor level with a hearth, they
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Classic household hints : over 500 old and new tips for a happier home
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suitable for cooking using a direct heat, such as a cooking over a flame.
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183:
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155:, which are tools used for eating (c.f. the more general category of
1940:. Oxford Companions Series (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
2581:
2312:
2302:
1963:. Chicago: National Housewares Manufacturers Association. pp.
1959:
The Housewares Story: a history of the American housewares industry
758:
660:
631:
358:
343:
1777:
Kitchen Utensils: names, origins, and definitions through the ages
1110:
159:). Some utensils are both kitchen utensils and eating utensils.
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242:
210:
164:
160:
144:, kitchen utensils that are for use inside ovens and for baking;
54:
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1669:
The Cambridge History of Judaism: The late Roman-Rabbinic period
1376:
2713:
2571:
2424:
2409:
2069:
1915:
McGee, Harold (2004). "Cooking Methods and Utensil Materials".
924:
754:
508:
425:
234:
167:
such as forks and spoons are both kitchen and eating utensils.
1795:
America at Home: A Celebration of Twentieth-Century Housewares
2691:
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2661:
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811:
433:
339:
94:
84:
73:
32:
1096:
424:
Various kitchen utensils. At top: a spice rack with jars of
42:
Various kitchen utensils on a kitchen hook strip. From left:
2222:
1983:
Mrs Putnam's Receipt Book and Young Housekeeper's Assistant
1733:. Family life through history. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1364:
898:
553:
Mrs Putnam's Receipt Book and Young Housekeeper's Assistant
305:
260:
109:
1405:
1403:
1328:
1289:
1188:
1432:
1430:
1415:
1918:
On Food and Cooking: The Science and lore of the Kitchen
1752:. Food in American history. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1689:; Rose, Flora; Canon, Helen (1919). "Kitchen Utensils".
1625:
Collected Works of Count Rumford: Devices and techniques
1388:
1685:
1466:
1400:
1346:
1322:
1310:
1283:
1233:
1217:
1215:
1896:
Cool Tools: Cooking Utensils from the Japanese Kitchen
1478:
1454:
1427:
1200:
500:(a canteen of cold water used to dilute wine), and a
182:, utensils (both kitchen and dining) made of silver;
151:
A partially overlapping category of tools is that of
1442:
1352:
1212:
1092:
1995:Philadelphia Cook Book: A Manual of Home Economies
1956:
1893:
1851:
1645:
1622:
1572:
1505:
449:"Of the culinary utensils of the ancients", wrote
199:Kitchen utensils in bronze discovered in Pompeii.
2837:
1854:The Woodworker's Book of Wooden Kitchen Utensils
1648:Of sugar and snow: a history of ice cream making
1245:
357:kitchen utensils at the Batey ha-Osef Museum in
263:is more prone to rusting than (tinned) copper.
1600:Miss Parloa's New Cook Book and Marketing Guide
1552:Carlin, Martha; Rosenthal, Joel Thomas (1998).
1551:
1382:
1067:"Labour-saving" utensils generating more labour
1811:
1729:Volo, James M.; Volo, Dorothy Denneen (2007).
148:, merchandise used for cooking; and so forth.
2106:
529:The up-to-date kitchen fireproof ware in 1894
484:(frying pan) for deep and shallow frying, an
290:
1891:
1830:
1556:. Continuum International Publishing Group.
464:(a wide-necked vessel for heating water), a
1671:. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press.
2113:
2099:
1139:, a European size standard for kitchenware
444:
331:James Frank Breazeale in 1918 opined that
2023:
1731:Family life in nineteenth-century America
1629:. Vol. 3. Harvard University Press.
1570:
1530:
1472:
1394:
1334:
563:; sheet-iron breadpans instead of tin; a
468:(an unlidded pot-bellied cooking pot), a
201:Illustration by Hercule Catenacci in 1864
2042:
1921:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 787–791.
1747:
1728:
1666:
1617:
1484:
1436:
1421:
1409:
1370:
1295:
1194:
524:
419:
415:
383:
348:
193:
37:
18:
1954:
1935:
1849:
1643:
1460:
480:(pots for heating water), two types of
174:" suffix, rather than their functions:
2838:
2001:
1980:
1971:
1872:
1774:
1709:
1644:Quinzio, Jeri (2009). "Women's Work".
1593:
1579:. Minnesota Historical Society Press.
1500:
1448:
1358:
1221:
1206:
599:
548:
520:
2094:
1989:
1914:
1750:Food in the United States, 1820s–1890
1347:van Rensselaer, Rose & Canon 1919
1323:van Rensselaer, Rose & Canon 1919
1311:van Rensselaer, Rose & Canon 1919
1284:van Rensselaer, Rose & Canon 1919
1234:van Rensselaer, Rose & Canon 1919
1060:
2744:
1831:Byrne, David; Wheeler, Mike (1995).
1799:International Housewares Association
1997:. Philadelphia: Arnold and Company.
1835:. Science in the kitchen. Longman.
311:In addition to their problems with
13:
1768:
1554:Food and eating in medieval Europe
278:
14:
2862:
2120:
2062:
1153:List of Japanese cooking utensils
1148:List of food preparation utensils
2743:
2727:
2726:
2068:
1972:Parkes, Frances Byerley (1828).
1508:The Book of Household Management
1109:
1095:
1044:The Book of Household Management
1531:Breazeale, James Frank (1918).
1252:. Stewart, Tabori & Chang.
1877:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1814:The householders' encyclopedia
1793:Matranga, Victoria K. (1996).
1239:
1170:
16:Tool used for food preparation
1:
1985:. New York: Sheldon & Co.
1981:Putnam, Elizabeth H. (1858).
1159:
536:Cook Book and Marketing Guide
488:(a glass serving platter), a
2080:See related website to find
2028:. Barnes & Noble Books.
1938:The Oxford companion to food
1858:. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
1775:Brooks, Phillips V. (2004).
1571:Kreidberg, Marjorie (1975).
608:Book of Household Management
326:
189:
7:
1892:Klippensteen, Kate (2006).
1383:Carlin & Rosenthal 1998
1088:
391:plastic utensils made from
379:
10:
2867:
1900:. Kodansha International.
1710:Vargel, Christian (2004).
567:; a tin kitchen; Hector's
492:(ceramic serving bowl), a
294:
291:Earthenware and enamelware
253:
2851:Food preparation utensils
2722:
2188:
2163:Food preparation utensils
2128:
2024:Ettlinger, Steve (2001).
1246:Waggoner, Susan. (2014).
229:
178:, utensils made of clay;
136:, wares for the kitchen;
2799:Machine and metalworking
2043:Campbell, Susan (1980).
1748:Williams, Susan (2006).
406:
2809:Measuring and alignment
2622:Salt and pepper shakers
1850:Studley, Vance (1981).
1692:A Manual of Home-Making
1143:List of eating utensils
445:Before the 19th century
249:
2168:Food storage container
1976:. New York: JJ Harper.
1955:Lifshey, Earl (1973).
1779:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1712:Corrosion of aluminium
1687:van Rensselaer, Martha
1534:Economy in the Kitchen
1057:Philadelphia Cook Book
1048:
1042:Isabella Mary Beeton,
604:
530:
496:(a bowl for bread), a
441:
395:
361:
355:Israeli Defence Forces
202:
101:
35:
2143:Cookware and bakeware
2047:. London: Macmillan.
2003:Wilcox, Estelle Woods
1873:Shrock, Joel (2004).
1514:Samuel Orchart Beeton
1502:Beeton, Isabella Mary
1132:Cookware and bakeware
612:
557:
528:
423:
416:Diversity and utility
387:
352:
197:
108:is a small hand-held
41:
22:
2774:Cutting and abrasive
2077:at Wikimedia Commons
2045:The Cook's Companion
2026:The Kitchenware Book
1410:Volo & Volo 2007
1128:, list of such wares
239:thermal conductivity
2243:Cake and pie server
606:Mrs Beeton, in her
589:lignum vitae mortar
521:19th century growth
504:(a wine decanter).
25:batterie de cuisine
2318:Mated colander pot
1991:Rorer, Sarah Tyson
1619:Thompson, Benjamin
1373:, p. 439–441.
1349:, p. 232–233.
1313:, p. 234–235.
1298:, p. 236–239.
1286:, p. 235–236.
1236:, p. 233–234.
1197:, p. 232–239.
1178:"Kitchen utensils"
963:Fish and Egg-slice
587:; a meat-board; a
531:
442:
396:
362:
256:Cast-iron cookware
203:
102:
36:
2833:
2832:
2657:Strawberry huller
2527:Mortar and pestle
2248:Candy thermometer
2073:Media related to
2035:978-0-7607-2332-6
2016:978-1-55709-515-2
1947:978-0-19-280681-9
1928:978-0-684-80001-1
1907:978-4-7700-3016-0
1884:978-0-313-32204-4
1865:978-0-442-24726-3
1842:978-0-582-12457-8
1823:978-0-88365-301-2
1816:. Galahad Books.
1807:978-0-9655487-0-0
1786:978-1-4039-6619-3
1759:978-0-313-33245-6
1740:978-0-313-33792-5
1721:978-0-08-044495-6
1702:978-1-4290-1241-6
1678:978-0-521-77248-8
1659:978-0-520-24861-8
1636:978-0-674-13953-4
1610:978-1-4290-1274-4
1586:978-0-87351-097-4
1563:978-1-85285-148-4
1544:978-1-4290-1024-5
1523:978-1-84022-268-5
1385:, pp. 42–32.
1259:978-1-61312-253-2
1117:Technology portal
1053:Sarah Tyson Rorer
1038:
1037:
906: Stand
206:Benjamin Thompson
81:– Spaghetti ladle
2858:
2754:Kitchen utensils
2747:
2746:
2730:
2729:
2490:Meat thermometer
2420:Grapefruit knife
2350:Edible tableware
2115:
2108:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2084:kitchen utensils
2075:Kitchen utensils
2072:
2058:
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2020:
1998:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1962:
1951:
1932:
1911:
1899:
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1833:Kitchen Utensils
1827:
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708:5 Iron Saucepans
618:
617:
297:Clay pot cooking
23:An exhibit of a
2866:
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2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2718:
2677:Trussing needle
2485:Meat tenderizer
2475:Measuring spoon
2184:
2158:Eating utensils
2124:
2119:
2065:
2055:
2036:
2017:
1948:
1929:
1908:
1885:
1866:
1843:
1824:
1787:
1771:
1769:Further reading
1766:
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1679:
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1397:, pp. 164.
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703:1 Pair of Brass
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329:
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284:Stainless steel
281:
279:Stainless steel
258:
252:
232:
192:
153:eating utensils
126:cooking utensil
106:kitchen utensil
92:
89:measuring spoon
82:
80:
71:
70:(small cleaver)
61:
52:
43:
29:Musée Cernuschi
17:
12:
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2764:Types of tools
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2607:Poultry shears
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2552:Pastry blender
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2063:External links
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2015:
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1875:The Gilded Age
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1473:Breazeale 1918
1465:
1463:, p. 133.
1453:
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1414:
1412:, p. 245.
1399:
1395:Kreidberg 1975
1387:
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1339:
1335:Breazeale 1918
1327:
1325:, p. 236.
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400:measuring cups
381:
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372:) and EN 602 (
366:European Union
353:An exhibit of
328:
325:
319:comparatively
295:Main article:
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46:Pastry blender
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2612:Roller docker
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2592:Potato masher
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2365:Egg separator
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2298:Citrus reamer
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2283:Cherry pitter
2281:
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2268:Cheese slicer
2266:
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2259:
2258:Cheese cutter
2256:
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2238:Butter curler
2236:
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2233:Browning tray
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2122:Kitchen tools
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1486:
1485:Williams 2006
1481:
1475:, p. 36.
1474:
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1450:
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1438:
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1371:Schwartz 2006
1367:
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111:
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78:slotted spoon
75:
69:
65:
60:
57:and (hidden)
56:
51:
50:potato masher
47:
40:
34:
30:
26:
21:
2748:
2731:
2697:Wooden spoon
2667:Tomato knife
2597:Potato ricer
2587:Pizza cutter
2562:Pastry wheel
2557:Pastry brush
2522:Milk watcher
2517:Milk frother
2505:Herb chopper
2495:Melon baller
2480:Meat grinder
2460:Lobster pick
2440:Honing steel
2435:Honey dipper
2415:Garlic press
2400:Flour sifter
2385:Fillet knife
2340:Crab cracker
2330:Cookie press
2278:Chef's knife
2263:Cheese knife
2197:Apple cutter
2121:
2082:
2081:
2044:
2025:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1973:
1958:
1937:
1916:
1895:
1874:
1853:
1832:
1813:
1794:
1776:
1749:
1730:
1714:. Elsevier.
1711:
1691:
1668:
1647:
1624:
1599:
1574:
1553:
1533:
1507:
1494:Bibliography
1480:
1468:
1461:Quinzio 2009
1456:
1444:
1417:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1330:
1318:
1291:
1248:
1241:
1229:
1202:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1081:
1078:
1070:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1034:£8 11s. 1d.
1011:Fish-kettles
954:Meat-chopper
884:Plate-basket
875:Dripping-pan
855:Jelly-moulds
837:Candlesticks
734:1 Ditto and
727:Candlesticks
725:
680:Bread-grater
659:3 Block-tin
613:
607:
605:
597:
558:
552:
545:
539:
535:
532:
506:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
455:
448:
410:
397:
373:
369:
363:
337:
330:
320:
317:
310:
300:
282:
273:
259:
233:
223:Maria Parloa
204:
198:
169:
150:
145:
141:
137:
133:
125:
123:
105:
103:
95:Bottle brush
68:chef's knife
59:serving fork
2846:Kitchenware
2824:Woodworking
2737:Kitchenware
2617:Rolling pin
2577:Pepper mill
2390:Fish scaler
2360:Egg poacher
2355:Egg piercer
2273:Cheesecloth
2228:Bread knife
2193:Apple corer
2153:Dishwashing
2133:Kitchenware
1449:Beeton 1861
1359:Beeton 1861
1222:Vargel 2004
1207:Parloa 1908
1126:Kitchenware
1103:Food portal
971:Meat-screen
943:Coal-shovel
793:Boiling-pot
784:Bottle-jack
773:Salt-cellar
744:Mustard-pot
694:Frying-pans
600:Putnam 1858
593:rolling-pin
585:bread-board
573:bread-knife
549:Parkes 1828
302:Earthenware
176:earthenware
134:kitchenware
119:apple corer
2840:Categories
2732:Categories
2602:Pot-holder
2547:Pastry bag
2542:Oven glove
2532:Nutcracker
2512:Microplane
2395:Fish slice
2370:Egg slicer
2293:Chopsticks
2253:Can opener
1268:1028679638
1160:References
1137:Gastronorm
1061:Rorer 1886
1002:Coffee-pot
923:2 Sets of
866:Candle-box
824:1 Pair of
801:Pepper box
669:Flat-irons
623:Tea-kettle
595:, &c.
577:spoon-tray
451:Mrs Beeton
393:bioplastic
254:See also:
219:varnishing
215:enamelling
180:silverware
2500:Mezzaluna
2465:Mandoline
2405:Food mill
2375:Egg timer
2335:Corkscrew
2213:Blowtorch
2173:Tableware
1165:Citations
995:30s. 0d.
918:1s. 10d.
661:saucepans
641:Flour-box
610:, wrote:
538:listed a
514:Minnesota
333:aluminium
327:Aluminium
269:seasoning
265:Cast iron
237:has good
190:Materials
184:glassware
157:tableware
2779:Forestry
2769:Cleaning
2627:Scissors
2582:Pie bird
2313:Colander
2303:Clay pot
2005:(1877).
1993:(1886).
1597:(1908).
1504:(1861).
1089:See also
1055:'s 1886
1015:10s. 0d.
947:2s. 6d.
888:5s. 6d.
859:8s. 0d.
846:Stewpans
830:2s. 0d.
821:10s. 0d.
791:1 Large
748:1s. 0d.
720:2s. 0d.
716:Gridiron
711:12s. 0d.
698:4s. 0d.
673:3s. 6d.
645:1s. 0d.
632:Colander
561:gridiron
380:Plastics
359:Tel Aviv
344:toxicity
146:cookware
142:bakeware
138:ovenware
2804:Masonry
2794:Kitchen
2749:Commons
2702:Scraper
2647:Spatula
2308:Cleaver
2288:Chinois
2208:Beanpot
2178:Teaware
2148:Cutlery
1965:125–195
1031:The Set
1006:2s. 3d.
990:1s. 9d.
985:1s. 3d.
969:1 Wood
958:1s. 9d.
938:1s. 0d.
934:Dustpan
929:1s. 0s.
925:Skewers
909:6s. 6d.
903:5s. 3d.
870:1s. 4d.
850:8s. 9d.
844:4 Iron
841:2s. 6d.
826:Bellows
816:1s. 6d.
788:9s. 9d.
768:6s. 6d.
763:6s. 6d.
736:Steamer
731:3s. 6d.
689:5s. 9d.
684:1s. 0d.
656:1s. 0d.
636:1s. 6d.
627:6s. 6d.
581:cleaver
565:griddle
540:minimum
486:iskutla
482:teganon
466:kederah
430:caraway
364:In the
243:tarnish
211:tinning
165:cutlery
161:Cutlery
64:Skimmer
55:Spatula
2814:Mining
2784:Garden
2714:Zester
2652:Spider
2572:Peeler
2425:Grater
2410:Funnel
2203:Baster
2051:
2032:
2013:
1944:
1925:
1904:
1881:
1862:
1839:
1820:
1805:
1783:
1756:
1737:
1718:
1699:
1675:
1656:
1633:
1607:
1583:
1560:
1541:
1520:
1266:
1256:
897:&
895:Knives
812:Spoons
755:Teapot
591:, and
509:London
490:tamḥui
478:kumkum
462:meyḥam
436:, and
235:Copper
230:Copper
217:, and
117:or an
2819:Power
2707:Dough
2692:Whisk
2682:Twine
2672:Tongs
2662:Tamis
2637:Sieve
2632:Scoop
2445:Ladle
1074:knife
899:Forks
502:lagin
498:kiton
494:keara
474:yorah
470:ilpas
434:thyme
407:Glass
340:steel
172:-ware
99:ladle
85:Sieve
74:Whisk
33:Paris
2789:Hand
2567:Peel
2450:Lame
2223:Bowl
2049:ISBN
2030:ISBN
2011:ISBN
1942:ISBN
1923:ISBN
1902:ISBN
1879:ISBN
1860:ISBN
1837:ISBN
1818:ISBN
1803:ISBN
1781:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1735:ISBN
1716:ISBN
1697:ISBN
1673:ISBN
1654:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1605:ISBN
1581:ISBN
1558:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1518:ISBN
1264:OCLC
1254:ISBN
1082:also
805:6d.
777:8d.
759:Tray
757:and
476:and
438:sage
426:mint
306:lead
261:Iron
250:Iron
140:and
130:ware
110:tool
97:and
87:and
76:and
66:and
48:and
1182:GBS
877:and
376:).
132:":
91:set
31:in
2842::
1801:,
1797:,
1516:.
1429:^
1402:^
1303:^
1276:^
1262:.
1214:^
1180:.
1040:—
1009:2
1000:1
979:1
961:1
952:1
941:1
932:1
912:1
893:6
882:1
873:1
864:1
853:3
835:2
810:6
799:1
782:1
771:1
753:1
742:1
714:1
692:2
678:1
667:3
650:1
639:1
630:1
621:1
598:—
458:AD
432:,
428:,
321:un
213:,
124:A
104:A
93:–
83:–
72:–
62:–
53:–
44:–
2199:)
2195:(
2114:e
2107:t
2100:v
2057:.
2038:.
2019:.
1967:.
1950:.
1931:.
1910:.
1887:.
1868:.
1845:.
1826:.
1789:.
1762:.
1743:.
1724:.
1705:.
1681:.
1662:.
1639:.
1613:.
1589:.
1566:.
1547:.
1526:.
1270:.
1184:.
1059:(
547:(
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