975:
40:
1129:
565:
1159:
886:
80:
644:
1603:
1166:
805:
39:
2224:
The period between the seventh and the twelfth century witnessed gradual rise of a number of new royal-lineages in
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, which came to constitute a social-political category known as 'Rajput'. Some of the major lineages were the Pratiharas of Rajasthan,
2408:
From Ajmer in
Rajasthan, the former capital of the defeated Cahamana Rajputs β also, significantly, the wellspring of Chishti piety the post-1192 pattern of temple desecration moved swiftly down the Gangetic Plain as Turkish military forces sought to extirpate local ruling houses in the late twelfth
2199:
When
Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutkas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among these dynasties
2315:
By contrast in
Rajasthan a single warrior group evolved called Rajput (from Rajaputra-sons of kings): they rarely engaged in farming, even to supervise farm labour as farming was literally beneath them, farming was for their peasant subjects. In the ninth century separate clans of Rajputs Cahamanas
2380:
The rise of a new section called the
Rajputs and the controversy about their origins have already been mentioned. With the break-up of the Pratihara empire, a number of Rajput states camne into existence in north India. The most important of these were the Gahadavalas of Kanauj, the Paramaras of
2469:
The
Chauhans (Cahamanas) Rajputs had emerged in the later tenth century and established themselves as a paramount power, overthrowing the Tomar Rajputs. In 1151 the Tomar Rajput rulers (and original builders) of Delhi were overthrown by Visal Dev, the Chauhan ruler of
2436:
The
Tomaras ultimately met their destruction at the hand of another Rajput clan, the Chauhans or Chahamanas. Delhi was captured from the Tomaras by the Chauhan king Vigraharaja IV (the Visala Deva of the traditional bardic histories) in the middle of twelfth
2200:
were the
Chaulukyas or Solankis of Kathiawar and Gujarat, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhan) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur), and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had then been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century.
472:
Several mythical accounts of the dynasty's origin also exist. The earliest of the dynasty's inscriptions and literary works state that the dynasty's progenitor was a legendary hero named
Chahamana. They variously state that this hero was born from
611:). The term also came to be applied to the larger area captured by the Chahamanas. The early medieval Indian inscriptions and the writings of the contemporary Muslim historians suggest that the following cities were also included in Sapadalaksha:
2340:
Muhammad of Ghor was another Afghan Turk invader. He established a much wider control in North India. The
Rajputs were unable to resist him, following his defeat of Prithviraja III, king of Chauhans, a Rajput clan based southeast of
503:
historians interpreted this myth to suggest a foreign origin of the dynasty, speculating that the foreign warriors were initiated into the Hindu society through a fire ritual. However, the earliest extant copy of
595:
was based in Ahichchhatrapura, which can be identified with modern Nagaur. The ancient name of Nagaur was Nagapura, which means "the city of the serpent". Ahichchhatrapura has a similar meaning: "the city whose
583:" or 125,000) refers to the large number of villages in the area. It became prominent during the Chahamana reign. It appears that the term originally referred to the area around modern
2225:
Uttar Pradesh and adjacent areas, the Guhilas and Chahamanas of Rajasthan, the Caulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Rajasthan and the Paramaras of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
3284:
288:
274:
249:
235:
2291:"From the process of migration and metamorphosis of lowly groups into Rajputs new Rajput clans were formed some of these clans The Pratiharas, Guhilas and Chahamanas
3069:
3289:
974:
958:
dethroned him, and regained control of a part of his ancestral kingdom. Hariraja was defeated by the Ghurids in 1194 CE. Govindaraja was granted the fief of
603:
As the Chahamana territory expanded, the entire region ruled by them came to be known as Sapadalaksha. This included the later Chahamana capitals Ajayameru (
79:
839:
2999:
2574:
2151:
882:(Vindhyan region) possibly acknowledged his suzerainty. Thus Vigraharaja's influence extended from the Himalayas to the Vindhyas, at least in name.
3279:
1577:
1128:
3274:
1158:
3192:
461:
Vatsa. Historian R. B. Singh theorizes that the Chahamanas probably started out as petty rulers of Ahichchhatrapura (identified with
1613:
Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari and Ajmer, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:
874:. While this is an exaggeration, it is not completely baseless. The inscription was originally found in Topra village, near the
557:
suggest that it was a hot, arid region, where trees requiring little water grew. The region is identified with the area around
3063:
2429:
2401:
2361:
2333:
2316:(Chauhans), Paramaras (Pawars), Guhilas (Sisodias) and Caulukyas were splitting off from sprawling Gurjara Pratihara clans...
2308:
2272:
2245:
2217:
2192:
3223:
3145:
2367:
2278:
3249:
3269:
3186:
3139:
3115:
2454:
786:
1907:
1036:
842:. His kingdom included parts of the present-day Rajasthan, Haryana, and Delhi. It probably also included a part of
744:
2252:
This is curious statement for the Chahamanas were known to be one of the pre-eminent Rajput families regarded as..
708:
Simharaja's successors consolidated the Chahamana power by engaging in wars with their neighbours, including the
465:), and moved their capital to Shakambhari (Sambhar) as their kingdom grew. Later, they became the vassals of the
2993:
2568:
2053:
1064:
913:
794:
446:
3259:
1997:
963:
798:
690:
281:
1646:
656:
142:
3165:
3254:
2983:
2558:
2145:
931:
in 1182β83, although he could not annex the Chandela territory to his kingdom. In 1191, he defeated the
673:(a supernatural being). Little is known about his immediate successors. The 8th century Chahamana ruler
2347:
1141:
991:
1470:
1407:
1253:
564:
403:
364:
3264:
1433:
1394:
1288:
944:
893:
858:). His 1164 CE Delhi-Shivalik pillar inscription claims that he conquered the region between the
426:
198:
549:. The text does not mention the exact location of the region. The later Sanskrit texts, such as
508:
does not mention this legend at all. Instead, it states that the first ruler of the dynasty was
2391:
2141:
1563:
1481:
940:
919:
The most celebrated ruler of the dynasty was Someshvara's son Prithviraja III, better known as
885:
835:
2235:
998:
The Chahamanas commissioned a number of Hindu temples, several of which were destroyed by the
406:
of Bundelkhand. From 11th century onwards, they started facing Muslim invasions, first by the
3176:
2298:
1493:
1418:
782:
694:
3053:
543:
The term Jangladesha ("rough and arid country") appears to be older, as it mentioned in the
1081:
790:
8:
1186:
368:
330:
3055:
Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics: Draupadi among Rajputs, Muslims, and Dalits
2178:
1606:
1582:
The Chahamanas of Shakambhari and main South Asian polities in 1175, on the eve of the
1461:
1374:
1350:
1019:
920:
740:
661:
608:
591:(vernacular form of Sapadalaksha) in as late as 20th century. The early Chahamana king
572:
466:
430:
3215:
3182:
3135:
3125:
3111:
3092:
3059:
2989:
2564:
2460:
2450:
2425:
2397:
2357:
2329:
2304:
2268:
2241:
2213:
2188:
1242:
867:
685:
made an attempt to overthrow the Gurjara-Pratihara suzerainty, and assumed the title
678:
666:
360:
356:
240:
97:
643:
418:
in the mid-12th century. The dynasty's power effectively ended in 1192 CE, when the
387:). For this reason, the Chahamana rulers are also known as the "Chauhans of Ajmer".
2387:
1920:
1301:
1277:
1105:
959:
936:
732:
558:
423:
399:
1074:
was known for his patronage to arts and literature, and himself composed the play
716:
of Delhi. The dynasty's earliest extant inscription (973 CE) is from the reign of
3209:
3161:
3129:
3105:
3086:
3049:
2419:
2351:
2323:
2262:
2207:
2182:
2066:
1937:
1868:
1855:
1633:
1341:
1076:
1003:
808:
702:
495:
493:. The earliest sources to mention this legend are the 16th century recensions of
376:
346:
747:
restored the Chahamana power, possibly with the help of the Naddula Chahamanas.
2080:
2040:
2010:
1881:
1842:
1786:
1773:
1743:
1602:
1549:
1534:
1385:
1362:
1230:
1215:
1071:
1058:
1044:
951:
909:
875:
827:
819:
812:
717:
713:
674:
568:
500:
415:
395:
267:
254:
46:
1165:
3243:
2415:
2231:
2174:
2150:. Oxford University Press, Digital South Asia Library. p. 147, Map "d".
1954:
1816:
1756:
1717:
1704:
1583:
1332:
1323:
1050:
1014:
932:
897:
682:
490:
478:
3219:
3096:
2464:
2258:
2027:
1967:
1803:
1730:
1449:
1122:
1114:
905:
855:
847:
765:β1135 CE) repulsed a Ghaznavid attack, and also defeated the Paramara king
755:
380:
2446:
Against history, against state : counterperspectives from the margins
84:
Approximate territory of the Chahamanas of Shakambhari circa 1150β1192 CE.
2444:
1691:
1665:
1200:
592:
545:
450:
3107:
The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200β2000
773:), a city that he either established or greatly expanded. His successor
390:
The Chahamanas fought several wars with their neighbours, including the
71:"Srimad vigra/ha raja de/va" in Devanagari; star and moon symbols below.
1264:
1125:
temple. Someshvara granted the Revna village to a Parshvanatha temple.
831:
778:
766:
705:("king of great kings"), which suggests that he was a sovereign ruler.
670:
628:
533:
486:
2917:
2915:
2710:
2708:
1894:
1829:
1594:
1312:
1137:
1109:
1027:
1010:
987:
979:
928:
871:
859:
751:
721:
709:
698:
648:
521:
509:
407:
391:
372:
326:
311:
2563:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.3 (d).
789:. However, he suffered setbacks against the Gujarat Chaulukya kings
2093:
1980:
1678:
1117:
allowed the Jains to build their temples in his capital Ajayameru (
955:
924:
863:
774:
739:
invaded the Chahamana kingdom, and probably occupied their capital
686:
485:. A popular medieval account classifies the dynasty among the four
162:
118:
2912:
2768:
2705:
1597:
of the inscriptions issued during the Shakambhari Chahamana reign.
1067:
commissioned a number of temples, including five temples in Ajmer.
804:
2828:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2537:
1100:
1088:
1031:
1009:
Multiple Chahamana rulers contributed to the construction of the
620:
616:
442:
769:. He moved the kingdom's capital from Shakambhari to Ajayameru (
655:
The earliest historical Chahamana king is the 6th century ruler
520:
The core territory of the Chahamanas was located in present-day
2963:
2951:
2939:
2864:
2852:
2792:
2732:
2669:
2623:
2621:
2173:
1521:
1040:
999:
983:
851:
843:
624:
584:
482:
462:
419:
411:
349:
3014:
2756:
2744:
2720:
2657:
2645:
2633:
2606:
2589:
2209:
Studying Early India: Archaeology, Texts and Historical Issues
2525:
1133:
1118:
879:
823:
770:
736:
632:
612:
604:
474:
458:
454:
384:
352:
clan. The territory ruled by them was known as Sapadalaksha.
306:
104:
3026:
2816:
2618:
2513:
2501:
2118:
1508:
1173:
580:
537:
529:
489:
Rajput clans, whose ancestors are said to have come out of
64:
2927:
2900:
2888:
2876:
2840:
2804:
2780:
2693:
2681:
2988:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 37, 147.
2205:
822:
greatly expanded the Chahamana territories, and captured
512:, who is said to have been born from Brahma's sacrifice.
2489:
2477:
2328:. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 59.
923:. He defeated several neighbouring kings, including the
67:
standing left, holding bow; "sri ra ma" in Devanagari.
2267:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 110.
3285:
States and territories established in the 5th century
367:
vassals. When the Pratihara power declined after the
579:
The term Sapadalaksha (literally "one and a quarter
2449:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 22.
1103:(cupolas) for the Jain temples at Ranthambore. The
777:raided the Tomara territory, and also defeated the
1099:(1136 CE) state that Prithviraja I donated golden
1080:. The structure that was later converted into the
3174:
3124:
3088:A study of the Cahamana inscriptions of Rajasthan
2969:
2957:
2921:
2870:
2858:
2834:
2798:
2774:
2738:
2714:
2675:
943:. However, the next year, he was defeated at the
878:(Himalayan foothills). Also, the exiled ruler of
477:'s eye, in the lineage of the sage Vatsa, in the
414:. The Chahamana kingdom reached its zenith under
383:moved the kingdom's capital to Ajayameru (modern
3241:
2555:For a theorized map of the Chahamana territory:
677:and his successors are known to have served the
3160:
3048:
2663:
2651:
2639:
2612:
2600:
2543:
2531:
651:temple was commissioned by the Chahamana rulers
355:The Chahamanas originally had their capital at
3103:
2945:
2822:
2627:
2346:
2237:Cultural Pasts: Essays in Early Indian History
947:by Muhammad of Ghor, and subsequently killed.
840:Vigraharaja IV's first war against the Muslims
481:and/or during a ritual sacrifice performed by
3290:States and territories disestablished in 1192
2442:
2414:
2386:
2230:
950:Muhammad of Ghor appointed Prithviraja's son
750:The subsequent Chahamana kings faced several
2981:
2556:
2296:
2257:
2140:
3207:
3084:
3032:
3020:
2933:
2906:
2894:
2882:
2846:
2810:
2786:
2762:
2750:
2726:
2699:
2687:
2519:
2507:
2495:
2483:
1013:temple, which was probably commissioned by
2321:
1609:, the most celebrated ruler of the dynasty
1121:), and also donated a golden kalasha to a
345:, the most prominent ruling family of the
1084:mosque was constructed during his reign.
363:). Until the 10th century, they ruled as
2396:. Oxford University Press. p. 108.
2240:. Oxford University Press. p. 792.
1601:
1127:
973:
962:by the Ghurids. There, he established a
884:
803:
697:. Vakpatiraja's elder son and successor
642:
563:
3280:12th-century disestablishments in India
3178:Historical Dictionary of Medieval India
2424:. Oxford University Press. p. 97.
3242:
1468:
1431:
1416:
1405:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1299:
1286:
969:
3167:Speeches And Writings Har Bilas Sarda
2303:. Oneworld Publications. p. 64.
2300:India and South Asia: A Short History
1479:
1459:
1392:
1383:
1372:
1310:
1275:
1240:
1087:The Chahamana rulers also patronized
1043:temple at Narapura (modern Narwar in
1030:commissioned a large Shiva temple at
904:Vigraharaja was succeeded by his son
659:. According to a mythical account in
587:near Bikaner. This area was known as
325:was an early medieval kingdom in the
3072:from the original on 9 December 2023
3002:from the original on 6 February 2022
1262:
1251:
1171:
1162:
912:. Subsequently, his younger brother
453:was born at Ahichchhatrapura in the
3275:7th-century establishments in India
1561:
1132:Victory scene, Chahamanas Dynasty,
954:as a vassal. Prithviraja's brother
896:in 1192, against the forces of the
13:
3134:. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass.
2393:Essays on Islam and Indian History
2370:from the original on 10 March 2023
2353:History of Medieval India:800β1700
2206:Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya (2006).
1184:
1053:built a food distribution centre (
14:
3301:
2281:from the original on 12 July 2023
2187:. Psychology Press. p. 117.
2134:
1148:
787:Slaughter of Turushkas near Ajmer
3226:from the original on 3 July 2023
3195:from the original on 3 July 2023
3148:from the original on 3 July 2023
2985:A Historical atlas of South Asia
2982:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
2577:from the original on 5 June 2021
2560:A Historical atlas of South Asia
2557:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
2381:Malwa, and the Chauhans of Ajmer
2154:from the original on 5 June 2021
2147:A Historical Atlas of South Asia
1164:
1157:
866:, and thus restored the rule of
850:) and a portion of the northern
797:, and was killed by his own son
689:("great king"). His younger son
286:
272:
247:
233:
78:
38:
3058:. University of Chicago Press.
3041:
2975:
2549:
982:(Jainism), Chahamanas Dynasty,
3110:. Cambridge University Press.
2356:. Orient Longman. p. 62.
2166:
2111:
1:
2128:
1651:
1586:invasion of the subcontinent.
1095:(1134 CE) and Chandra Suri's
1002:invaders after the defeat of
890:The last stand of the Rajputs
759:
725:
681:as vassals. In 10th century,
379:. In the early 12th century,
282:Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura
152:
50:
2409:and early thirteenth century
515:
337:, colloquially known as the
45:Coin of the Chahamana ruler
7:
449:, the early Chahamana king
10:
3306:
3175:Iqtidar Alam Khan (2008).
3170:. Ajmer: Vedic Yantralaya.
2261:(2010). Arnold, D. (ed.).
1142:National Museum, New Delhi
992:National Museum, New Delhi
638:
600:or protector is serpent".
3250:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
3211:History of the ChΔhamΔnas
441:According to the 1170 CE
436:
335:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
302:
212:
208:
195:
185:
181:
173:
169:
149:
136:
132:
124:
114:
89:
77:
35:
30:
23:
3270:Dynasties of the Rajputs
2104:
695:Naddula Chahamana branch
429:Vigraharaja IV's nephew
103:later Ajayameru (Modern
3131:Early ChauhΔn Dynasties
3104:Cynthia Talbot (2015).
2212:. Anthem. p. 116.
2142:Schwartzberg, Joseph E.
945:second Battle of Tarain
894:Second Battle of Tarain
818:Arnoraja's younger son
329:region of northwestern
199:Second Battle of Tarain
2970:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2958:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2922:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2871:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2859:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2835:Iqtidar Alam Khan 2008
2799:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2775:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2739:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2715:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2676:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
2443:Shail Mayaram (2003).
1610:
1145:
995:
941:first Battle of Tarain
908:, and then his nephew
901:
846:(to the south-east of
815:
720:. During the reign of
652:
576:
555:Shabdakalpadruma Kosha
371:, the Chahamana ruler
333:. It was ruled by the
2297:David Ludden (2013).
1605:
1131:
1091:. Vijayasimha Suri's
977:
916:ascended the throne.
888:
807:
646:
567:
427:defeated and executed
3260:History of Rajasthan
3208:R. B. Singh (1964).
3085:Anita Sudan (1989).
2664:Har Bilas Sarda 1935
2652:Har Bilas Sarda 1935
2640:Har Bilas Sarda 1935
2613:Har Bilas Sarda 1935
2601:Har Bilas Sarda 1935
2544:Har Bilas Sarda 1935
2532:Alf Hiltebeitel 1999
1578:class=notpageimage|
1082:Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra
791:Jayasimha Siddharaja
743:for a brief period.
491:sacrificial fire pit
445:rock inscription of
96:Shakambhari (modern
16:Kingdom in Rajputana
3181:. Scarecrow Press.
3023:, pp. 312β316.
2946:Cynthia Talbot 2015
2823:Cynthia Talbot 2015
2729:, pp. 131β132.
2628:Cynthia Talbot 2015
2546:, pp. 220β221.
2322:Peter Robb (2011).
1140:, 10th century CE.
1097:Munisuvrata-Charita
990:, 11th century CE.
970:Cultural activities
830:. He also defeated
712:of Gujarat and the
607:) and Shakambhari (
571:inscription on the
467:Imperial Pratiharas
369:Tripartite Struggle
339:Chauhans of Sambhar
331:Indian subcontinent
187:β’ Established
138:β’ 6th century
3255:Dynasties of India
2765:, p. 140-141.
2753:, p. 138-140.
2325:A History of India
2264:A History of India
2184:A History of India
2179:Dietmar Rothermund
1899:1040 (few months)
1611:
1146:
1106:Kharatara-Gachchha
1020:Prithviraja Vijaya
996:
921:Prithviraj Chauhan
902:
816:
701:assumed the title
679:Gurjara-Pratiharas
665:, he received the
662:Prithviraja Vijaya
653:
577:
573:Delhi-Topra pillar
532:: SapΔdalakαΉ£a) or
524:. It was known as
431:Prithviraj Chauhan
410:, and then by the
375:assumed the title
3126:Dasharatha Sharma
3065:978-0-226-34055-5
3035:, pp. 51β70.
2948:, pp. 37β38.
2924:, pp. 69β70.
2717:, pp. 34β35.
2510:, pp. 10β12.
2431:978-0-19-564919-2
2403:978-0-19-565114-0
2363:978-81-250-3226-7
2335:978-0-230-34549-2
2310:978-1-78074-108-6
2274:978-1-4051-9509-6
2247:978-0-19-564050-2
2219:978-1-84331-132-4
2194:978-0-415-32919-4
2102:
2101:
1921:Durlabha-raja III
1440:
1425:
1093:UpadeΕΔmΔlavritti
1057:) on the road to
669:as a gift from a
667:Sambhar Salt Lake
402:of Malwa and the
361:Sambhar Lake Town
343:Chauhans of Ajmer
319:
318:
298:
297:
294:
293:
260:
259:
241:Pratihara dynasty
3297:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3171:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3121:
3100:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3036:
3033:R. B. Singh 1964
3030:
3024:
3021:Anita Sudan 1989
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2934:R. B. Singh 1964
2931:
2925:
2919:
2910:
2907:R. B. Singh 1964
2904:
2898:
2895:R. B. Singh 1964
2892:
2886:
2883:R. B. Singh 1964
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2847:R. B. Singh 1964
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2811:R. B. Singh 1964
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2787:R. B. Singh 1964
2784:
2778:
2777:, p. 60-61.
2772:
2766:
2763:R. B. Singh 1964
2760:
2754:
2751:R. B. Singh 1964
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2727:R. B. Singh 1964
2724:
2718:
2712:
2703:
2700:R. B. Singh 1964
2697:
2691:
2688:R. B. Singh 1964
2685:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2522:, p. 25-26.
2520:R. B. Singh 1964
2517:
2511:
2508:R. B. Singh 1964
2505:
2499:
2496:R. B. Singh 1964
2493:
2487:
2484:R. B. Singh 1964
2481:
2475:
2472:
2439:
2411:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2343:
2318:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2254:
2227:
2202:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2138:
2122:
2115:
1938:Vigraha-raja III
1869:Govinda-raja III
1856:Durlabha-raja II
1656:
1653:
1616:
1615:
1572:
1570:
1556:
1541:
1526:
1513:
1500:
1488:
1486:
1477:
1475:
1466:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1414:
1412:
1403:
1401:
1390:
1388:
1381:
1379:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1346:
1344:
1337:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1308:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1284:
1282:
1273:
1271:
1260:
1258:
1249:
1247:
1235:
1222:
1206:
1195:
1193:
1182:
1180:
1169:
1168:
1161:
966:of the dynasty.
937:Muhammad of Ghor
892:, depicting the
854:(to the west of
811:commissioned by
764:
761:
730:
727:
693:established the
540:: JangaladeΕa).
424:Muhammad of Ghor
394:of Gujarat, the
323:Kingdom of Ajmer
290:
289:
276:
275:
264:
263:
251:
250:
237:
236:
230:
229:
214:
213:
157:
154:
82:
59:
55:
52:
42:
25:Kingdom of Ajmer
21:
20:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3265:Rajput monarchs
3240:
3239:
3238:
3229:
3227:
3198:
3196:
3189:
3162:Har Bilas Sarda
3151:
3149:
3142:
3118:
3075:
3073:
3066:
3050:Alf Hiltebeitel
3044:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2996:
2980:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2920:
2913:
2905:
2901:
2893:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2853:
2845:
2841:
2837:, p. xvii.
2833:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2809:
2805:
2797:
2793:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2749:
2745:
2737:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2686:
2682:
2674:
2670:
2662:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2638:
2634:
2626:
2619:
2611:
2607:
2599:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2571:
2554:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2494:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2457:
2432:
2404:
2373:
2371:
2364:
2336:
2311:
2284:
2282:
2275:
2248:
2220:
2195:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2081:Govinda-raja IV
2067:Prithviraja III
2041:Prithvi-raja II
2011:Vigraha-raja IV
1882:Vakpati-raja II
1843:Vigraha-raja II
1774:Chandra-raja II
1744:Durlabha-raja I
1654:
1607:Prithviraja III
1600:
1599:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1489:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1450:
1445:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1163:
1151:
1077:Harikeli Nataka
1039:commissioned a
1017:. According to
1004:Prithviraja III
972:
809:Bisaldeo temple
762:
728:
703:Maharajadhiraja
641:
575:, 12th century.
518:
506:Prithviraj Raso
496:Prithviraj Raso
439:
377:Maharajadhiraja
287:
273:
248:
234:
201:
188:
159:
155:
139:
110:
85:
73:
72:
57:
53:
43:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3303:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3237:
3236:
3214:. N. Kishore.
3205:
3187:
3172:
3158:
3140:
3122:
3116:
3101:
3082:
3064:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3025:
3013:
2994:
2974:
2962:
2950:
2938:
2936:, p. 159.
2926:
2911:
2909:, p. 128.
2899:
2897:, p. 124.
2887:
2885:, p. 104.
2875:
2863:
2851:
2849:, p. 221.
2839:
2827:
2825:, pp. 39.
2815:
2813:, p. 156.
2803:
2791:
2789:, p. 150.
2779:
2767:
2755:
2743:
2731:
2719:
2704:
2702:, p. 103.
2692:
2690:, p. 100.
2680:
2668:
2666:, p. 225.
2656:
2654:, p. 224.
2644:
2642:, p. 223.
2632:
2617:
2615:, p. 214.
2605:
2603:, p. 217.
2588:
2569:
2548:
2536:
2534:, p. 447.
2524:
2512:
2500:
2488:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2455:
2440:
2430:
2412:
2402:
2384:
2362:
2348:Satish Chandra
2344:
2334:
2319:
2309:
2294:
2273:
2255:
2246:
2228:
2218:
2193:
2165:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:(Rai Pithora)
2064:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1955:Prithvi-raja I
1952:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1787:Govindaraja II
1784:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1757:Govinda-raja I
1754:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1718:Chandra-raja I
1715:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1705:Vigraha-raja I
1702:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1149:List of rulers
1147:
1072:Vigraharaja IV
1069:
1068:
1062:
1059:Somnath temple
1048:
1045:Ajmer district
1034:
971:
968:
952:Govindaraja IV
910:Prithviraja II
876:Shivalik Hills
852:Gangetic plain
820:Vigraharaja IV
813:Vigraharaja IV
729: 1040 CE
718:Vigraharaja II
675:Durlabharaja I
640:
637:
551:Bhava Prakasha
517:
514:
438:
435:
416:Vigraharaja IV
398:of Delhi, the
317:
316:
315:
314:
304:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
291:
284:
278:
277:
270:
268:Ghurid dynasty
261:
258:
257:
255:Tomara dynasty
252:
244:
243:
238:
226:
225:
220:
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
167:
166:
160:
150:
147:
146:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
109:
108:
101:
93:
91:
87:
86:
83:
75:
74:
47:Vigraharaja IV
44:
37:
36:
33:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3302:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3206:
3194:
3190:
3188:9780810864016
3184:
3180:
3179:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3147:
3143:
3141:9780842606189
3137:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3117:9781107118560
3113:
3109:
3108:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3083:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3034:
3029:
3022:
3017:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2978:
2972:, p. 41.
2971:
2966:
2960:, p. 38.
2959:
2954:
2947:
2942:
2935:
2930:
2923:
2918:
2916:
2908:
2903:
2896:
2891:
2884:
2879:
2873:, p. 26.
2872:
2867:
2861:, p. 87.
2860:
2855:
2848:
2843:
2836:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2812:
2807:
2801:, p. 62.
2800:
2795:
2788:
2783:
2776:
2771:
2764:
2759:
2752:
2747:
2741:, p. 40.
2740:
2735:
2728:
2723:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2701:
2696:
2689:
2684:
2678:, p. 23.
2677:
2672:
2665:
2660:
2653:
2648:
2641:
2636:
2630:, p. 33.
2629:
2624:
2622:
2614:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2552:
2545:
2540:
2533:
2528:
2521:
2516:
2509:
2504:
2498:, p. 89.
2497:
2492:
2486:, p. 11.
2485:
2480:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2456:0-231-12730-8
2452:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2421:Ancient Delhi
2417:
2416:Upinder Singh
2413:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2388:Richard Eaton
2385:
2382:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2232:Romila Thapar
2229:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2175:Hermann Kulke
2169:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2120:
2114:
2110:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2028:Apara-gangeya
2026:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1968:Ajaya-raja II
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1908:Chamunda-raja
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1804:Chandana-raja
1802:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1731:Gopendra-raja
1729:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1655: 551 CE
1650:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1585:
1584:Ghurid Empire
1579:
1571:
1569:
1557:
1555:
1542:
1540:
1527:
1525:
1514:
1512:
1501:
1499:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1428:
1426:
1413:
1411:
1402:
1400:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1307:
1305:
1296:
1294:
1283:
1281:
1272:
1270:
1259:
1257:
1248:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1223:
1221:
1208:
1205:
1194:
1192:
1181:
1179:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1061:for pilgrims.
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:Prithviraja I
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3228:. Retrieved
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3197:. Retrieved
3177:
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3150:. Retrieved
3130:
3106:
3091:. Research.
3087:
3074:. Retrieved
3054:
3042:Bibliography
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3016:
3004:. Retrieved
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2283:. Retrieved
2263:
2259:Burton Stein
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2156:. Retrieved
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2136:
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2014:
1984:
1941:
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1817:Vakpati-raja
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1666:Samanta-raja
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1113:states that
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1037:Chamundaraja
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1008:
997:
949:
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906:Amaragangeya
903:
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848:Sutlej river
836:Khusrau Shah
817:
756:Ajayaraja II
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707:
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389:
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223:Succeeded by
222:
217:
68:
61:
18:
3076:18 February
2121:: CΔhamΔna)
1657:(disputed)
1638:(mythical)
1625:Reign (CE)
1439:(RATNAPURA)
1377:GAHADAVALAS
1204:QARA KHITAI
1011:Harshanatha
960:Ranthambore
783:Bahram Shah
763: 1110
741:Shakambhari
593:Samantaraja
546:Mahabharata
510:Manikya Rai
451:Samantaraja
357:Shakambhari
218:Preceded by
156: 1193
58: 1164
54: 1150
3244:Categories
2995:0226742210
2570:0226742210
2129:References
2098:1193β1194
2072:1177β1192
2058:1169β1178
2054:Someshvara
2045:1165β1169
2032:1164β1165
2019:1150β1164
2015:Visaladeva
1998:Jagad-deva
1989:1135β1150
1972:1110β1135
1959:1090β1110
1946:1070β1090
1929:1065β1070
1912:1040β1065
1886:1026β1040
1873:1012β1026
1830:Simha-raja
1595:Find spots
1436:KALACHURIS
1421:KALACHURIS
1397:KACHCHAPA-
1269:GHAZNAVIDS
1256:CHAHAMANAS
1245:CHAULUKYAS
1189:KARAKHANID
1176:South Asia
1065:Someshvara
1055:anna-satra
978:Statue of
964:new branch
914:Someshvara
795:Kumarapala
767:Naravarman
710:Chaulukyas
671:vidyadhara
629:Mandalgarh
569:Visaladeva
487:Agnivanshi
447:Someshvara
408:Ghaznavids
392:Chaulukyas
125:Government
56: β c.
3152:5 October
2285:24 August
2094:Hari-raja
1981:Arno-raja
1895:Viryarama
1860:998β1012
1791:Guvaka II
1679:Nara-deva
1647:Vasu-deva
1634:Chahamana
1568:SULTANATE
1484:KAMARUPAS
1473:NAGVANSIS
1424:(TRIPURI)
1410:CHANDELAS
1304:KAKATIYAS
1293:CHALUKYAS
1280:PARAMARAS
1138:Rajasthan
1110:Pattavali
1028:Simharaja
988:Rajasthan
980:Neminatha
929:Paramardi
872:Aryavarta
860:Himalayas
832:Ghaznavid
826:from the
799:Jagaddeva
779:Ghaznavid
752:Ghaznavid
722:Viryarama
699:Simharaja
691:Lakshmana
649:Harshnath
635:region).
522:Rajasthan
516:Territory
404:Chandelas
400:Paramaras
373:Simharaja
365:Pratihara
327:Rajputana
312:Rajasthan
158:β1194 CE
115:Religion
3224:Archived
3220:11038728
3193:Archived
3164:(1935).
3146:Archived
3128:(1959).
3097:20754525
3070:Archived
3052:(1999).
3000:Archived
2581:25 March
2575:Archived
2465:52203150
2418:(1999).
2390:(2000).
2368:Archived
2350:(2007).
2279:Archived
2234:(2000).
2181:(2004).
2158:25 March
2152:Archived
2144:(1978).
1847:971β998
1834:944β971
1821:917β944
1808:890β917
1795:863β890
1778:836β863
1765:809β836
1761:Guvaka I
1748:784β809
1735:771β784
1722:759β771
1709:734β759
1696:721β734
1683:709β721
1670:684β709
1463:KARNATAS
1365:HOYSALAS
1353:KADAMBAS
1101:kalashas
956:Hariraja
925:Chandela
864:Vindhyas
862:and the
775:Arnoraja
733:Paramara
687:Maharaja
657:Vasudeva
631:(now in
623:(now in
615:(now in
422:invader
163:Hariraja
143:Vasudeva
128:Monarchy
119:Hinduism
69:Reverse:
62:Obverse:
31:551β1192
3230:17 June
3199:17 June
2437:century
2374:14 June
1554:EMIRATE
1496:EASTERN
1387:GUHILAS
1343:PANDYAS
1291:WESTERN
1191:KHANATE
1178:1175 CE
1089:Jainism
1032:Pushkar
939:at the
828:Tomaras
785:in the
754:raids.
731:), the
714:Tomaras
639:History
621:Mandore
617:Haryana
609:Sambhar
598:chhatra
589:Savalak
559:Bikaner
499:. Some
443:Bijolia
412:Ghurids
396:Tomaras
347:Chauhan
197:β’
174:History
151:β’
145:(first)
98:Sambhar
90:Capital
3218:
3185:
3138:
3114:
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2216:
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2013:alias
1983:alias
1942:Visala
1940:alias
1925:DuΕala
1923:alias
1789:alias
1759:alias
1622:Ruler
1566:MAKRAN
1552:SOOMRA
1524:MARYUL
1498:GANGAS
1399:GHATAS
1334:CHERAS
1325:CHOLAS
1314:SHILA-
1233:KUMAON
1220:EMPIRE
1218:GHURID
1041:Vishnu
1000:Ghurid
984:Narhar
927:ruler
868:Aryans
856:Yamuna
844:Punjab
781:ruler
625:Marwar
585:Nagaur
483:Brahma
463:Nagaur
437:Origin
420:Ghurid
350:Rajput
177:
165:(last)
3006:2 May
2470:Ajmer
2341:Delhi
2105:Notes
2085:1192
2002:1150
1537:LOHA-
1452:SENAS
1316:HARAS
1134:Sikar
1119:Ajmer
935:king
880:Malwa
834:King
824:Delhi
771:Ajmer
737:Bhoja
735:king
633:Mewar
613:Hansi
605:Ajmer
581:lakhs
475:Indra
455:gotra
385:Ajmer
307:India
105:Ajmer
3232:2016
3216:OCLC
3201:2016
3183:ISBN
3154:2016
3136:ISBN
3112:ISBN
3093:OCLC
3078:2017
3060:ISBN
3008:2022
2990:ISBN
2583:2021
2565:ISBN
2461:OCLC
2451:ISBN
2426:ISBN
2398:ISBN
2376:2022
2358:ISBN
2330:ISBN
2305:ISBN
2287:2021
2269:ISBN
2242:ISBN
2214:ISBN
2189:ISBN
2160:2021
2119:IAST
1511:GUGE
1267:LATE
793:and
758:(r.
724:(r.
647:The
553:and
538:IAST
530:IAST
459:sage
321:The
204:1192
65:Rama
2090:34
2077:33
2063:32
2050:31
2037:30
2024:29
2007:28
1994:27
1985:Ana
1977:26
1964:25
1951:24
1934:23
1917:22
1904:21
1891:20
1878:19
1865:18
1852:17
1839:16
1826:15
1813:14
1800:13
1783:12
1770:11
1753:10
1539:RAS
870:in
838:in
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457:of
341:or
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