Ecgberht, King of Wessex

840:

the end of the independent existence of the kingdoms of Kent and Sussex. The conquered territories were administered as a subkingdom for a while, including Surrey and possibly Essex. Although Æthelwulf was a subking under Ecgberht, it is clear that he maintained his own royal household, with which he travelled around his kingdom. Charters issued in Kent described Ecgberht and Æthelwulf as "kings of the West Saxons and also of the people of Kent". When Æthelwulf died in 858 his will, in which Wessex is left to one son and the southeastern kingdom to another, makes it clear that it was not until after 858 that the kingdoms were fully integrated. Mercia remained a threat, however; Ecgberht's son Æthelwulf, established as king of Kent, gave estates to Christ Church, Canterbury, probably to counter any influence the Mercians might still have there.

908:, also accepted Ecgberht and Æthelwulf as the lords and protectors of the monasteries under Ceolnoth's control. These agreements, along with a later charter in which Æthelwulf confirmed church privileges, suggest that the church had recognised that Wessex was a new political power that must be dealt with. Churchmen consecrated the king at coronation ceremonies, and helped to write the wills which specified the king's heir; their support had real value in establishing West Saxon control and a smooth succession for Ecgberht's line. Both the record of the Council of Kingston, and another charter of that year, include the identical phrasing: that a condition of the grant is that "we ourselves and our heirs shall always hereafter have firm and unshakable friendships from Archbishop Ceolnoth and his congregation at Christ Church." 653: 518:. Weohstan, a Wessex ealdorman, met him with men from Wiltshire; according to a 15th-century source, Weohstan had married Alburga, Ecgberht's sister, and so was his brother-in-law. The Hwicce were defeated, though Weohstan was killed as well as Æthelmund. Nothing more is recorded of Ecgberht's relations with Mercia for more than twenty years after this battle. It seems likely that Ecgberht had no influence outside his own borders, but on the other hand, there is no evidence that he ever submitted to the overlordship of Cenwulf. Cenwulf did have overlordship of the rest of southern England, but in Cenwulf's charters the title of "overlord of the southern English" never appears, presumably in consequence of the independence of the kingdom of Wessex. 916:, left land only to male members of his family, so that the estates should not be lost to the royal house through marriage. Ecgberht's wealth, acquired through conquest, was no doubt one reason for his ability to purchase the support of the southeastern church establishment; the thriftiness of his will indicates he understood the importance of personal wealth to a king. The kingship of Wessex had been frequently contested among different branches of the royal line, and it is a noteworthy achievement of Ecgberht's that he was able to ensure Æthelwulf's untroubled succession. In addition, Æthelwulf's experience of kingship, in the subkingdom formed from Ecgberht's southeastern conquests, would have been valuable to him when he took the throne. 3193: 787: 881: 2187: 772: 3432: 49: 3444: 554: 3420: 812:

years after he recovered the throne. In East Anglia, King [[Æthelstan of East Anglia |Æthelstan]] minted coins, possibly as early as 827, but more likely c. 830 after Ecgberht's influence was reduced with Wiglaf's return to power in Mercia. This demonstration of independence on East Anglia's part is not surprising, as it was Æthelstan who was probably responsible for the defeat and death of both Beornwulf and Ludeca.

418:, who was king of Wessex from 757 to 786, is not well documented, but it seems likely that Cynewulf maintained some independence from Mercian overlordship. Evidence of the relationship between kings can come from charters, which were documents which granted land to followers or to churchmen, and which were witnessed by the kings who had the power to grant the land. In some cases a king will appear on a charter as a 3472: 3408: 593:, Surrey and Sussex then all submitted to Æthelwulf "because earlier they were wrongly forced away from his relatives". This may refer to Offa's interventions in Kent at the time Ecgberht's father Ealhmund became king; if so, the chronicler's remark may also indicate Ealhmund had connections elsewhere in southeast England. 911:

Although nothing is known of any other claimants to the throne, it is likely that there were other surviving descendants of Cerdic (the supposed progenitor of all the kings of Wessex) who might have contended for the kingdom. Ecgberht died in 839, and his will, according to the account of it found in

839:

Despite the loss of dominance, Ecgberht's military successes fundamentally changed the political landscape of Anglo-Saxon England. Wessex retained control of the south-eastern kingdoms, with the possible exception of Essex, and Mercia did not regain control of East Anglia. Ecgberht's victories marked

615:

does not say who was the aggressor at Ellandun, but one recent history asserts that Beornwulf was almost certainly the one who attacked. According to this view, Beornwulf may have taken advantage of the Wessex campaign in Dumnonia in the summer of 825. Beornwulf's motivation to launch an attack would

603:

s version of events makes it appear that Baldred was driven out shortly after the battle, but this was probably not the case. A document from Kent survives which gives the date, March 826, as being in the third year of the reign of Beornwulf. This makes it likely that Beornwulf still had authority in

473:

records that Ecgberht spent three years in Francia before he was king, exiled by Beorhtric and Offa. The text says "iii" for three, but this may have been a scribal error, with the correct reading being "xiii", which is thirteen years. Beorhtric's reign lasted sixteen years, and not thirteen; and all

835:

and Frankish commercial networks collapsed at some time in the 820s or 830s, and in addition, a rebellion broke out in February 830 against Louis the Pious—the first of a series of internal conflicts that lasted through the 830s and beyond. These distractions may have prevented Louis from supporting

811:

of Canterbury, including bishops of sees in West Saxon territory. It is significant that Wiglaf was still able to call together such a group of notables; the West Saxons, even if they were able to do so, held no such councils. Wiglaf may also have brought Essex back into the Mercian orbit during the

457:

Ealhmund does not appear to have long survived in power: there is no record of his activities after 784. There is, however, the extensive evidence of Offa's domination of Kent during the late 780s, with his goals apparently going beyond overlordship to outright annexation of the kingdom, and he has

855:

in Cornwall. The Dumnonian royal line continued after this time, but it is at this date that the independence of one of the last British kingdoms may be considered to have ended. The details of Anglo-Saxon expansion into Cornwall are quite poorly recorded, but some evidence comes from place names.

366:

article on Ecgberht argues that he was of Kentish origin and that the West Saxon descent may have been manufactured during his reign to give him legitimacy, whereas Rory Naismith considered a Kentish origin unlikely, and that it is more probable that "Ecgberht was born of good West Saxon royal

815:

Both Wessex's sudden rise to power in the late 820s, and the subsequent failure to retain this dominant position, have been examined by historians looking for underlying causes. One plausible explanation for the events of these years is that Wessex's fortunes were to some degree dependent on

1247:, pp. 62–63. Naismith suggests that Ecgberht's exile may have occupied the thirteen-year period from 789, the year of Beorhtric's marriage with Offa's daughter, to 802, the year of his coming to power: see Naismith, p. 3. On the other hand, Stenton accepts the figure as three: see Stenton, 627:

asked for Ecgberht's protection against the Mercians in the same year, 825, though it may actually have been in the following year that the request was made. In 826 Beornwulf invaded East Anglia, presumably to recover his overlordship. He was slain, however, as was his successor,

485:

At the time Ecgberht was in exile, Francia was ruled by Charlemagne, who maintained Frankish influence in Northumbria and is known to have supported Offa's enemies in the south. Another exile in Gaul at this time was Odberht, a priest, who is almost certainly the same person as

431:, suggesting that Offa's influence helped place Heahberht on the throne. The extent of Offa's control of Kent between 765 and 776 is a matter of debate amongst historians, but from 776 until about 784 it appears that the Kentish kings had substantial independence from Mercia. 506:, who became king of Mercia a few months after Offa's death. Beorhtric died in 802, and Ecgberht came to the throne of Wessex, probably with the support of Charlemagne and perhaps also the papacy. The Mercians continued to oppose Ecgberht: the day of his accession, the 743:, Ecgberht invaded Northumbria and plundered it before Eanred submitted: "When Ecgberht had obtained all the southern kingdoms, he led a large army into Northumbria, and laid waste that province with severe pillaging, and made King Eanred pay 426:

by Offa, but there is nothing else to suggest Cynewulf was not his own master, and he is not known to have acknowledged Offa as overlord. Offa did have influence in the southeast of the country: a charter of 764 shows him in the company of

482:; many historians make this assumption but others have rejected it as unlikely, given the consistency of the sources. In either case Ecgberht was probably exiled in 789, when Beorhtric, his rival, married the daughter of Offa of Mercia. 1028:

in 1889 (Hunt, "Egbert", pp. 619–620). In the twentieth century, popular genealogists and historians have followed Searle in naming Redburga as Ecgberht's wife, but academic historians ignore her when discussing Ecgberht, and

1570:

Stenton cites the annal for 839, which says Æthelwulf "granted" or "gave" the kingdom of Kent to his son, as an example of the language that would have been used had Wiglaf been granted the kingdom by Ecgberht. See Stenton,

343:

begins with a genealogical preface tracing the ancestry of Ecgberht's son Æthelwulf back through Ecgberht, Ealhmund (thought to be king Ealhmund of Kent), and the otherwise unknown Eafa and Eoppa to Ingild, brother of King

751:

does not mention these events. However, the nature of Eanred's submission has been questioned: one historian has suggested that it is more likely that the meeting at Dore represented a mutual recognition of sovereignty.

1817: 794:

Ecgberht's dominion over southern England came to an end with Wiglaf's recovery of power. Wiglaf's return is followed by evidence of his independence from Wessex. Charters indicate Wiglaf had authority in

723:

and Offa. The exact meaning of the title has been much debated; it has been described as "a term of encomiastic poetry" but there is also evidence that it implied a definite role of military leadership.

923:. During the ninth century, Winchester began to show signs of urbanisation, and it is likely that the sequence of burials indicates that Winchester was held in high regard by the West Saxon royal line. 320:

to rule as a subking under Ecgberht. When Ecgberht died in 839, Æthelwulf succeeded him; the southeastern kingdoms were finally absorbed into the kingdom of Wessex after the death of Æthelwulf's son

478:

agree on "iii", but many modern accounts assume that Ecgberht did indeed spend thirteen years in Francia. This requires assuming that the error in transcription is common to every manuscript of the

824:

when he recovered the throne of Northumbria in 808, so it is plausible that they also supported Ecgberht's accession in 802. At Easter 839, not long before Ecgberht's death, he was in touch with

370:

Ecgberht's wife's name is unknown. A fifteenth-century chronicle now held by Oxford University names her as Redburga, supposedly a relative of Charlemagne whom he married when he was banished to

828:, king of the Franks, to arrange safe passage to Rome. Hence a continuing relationship with the Franks seems to be part of southern English politics during the first half of the ninth century. 577:

tells how Ecgberht followed up his victory: "Then he sent his son Æthelwulf from the army, and Ealhstan, his bishop, and Wulfheard, his ealdorman, to Kent with a great troop." Æthelwulf drove

644:, and it is known that Ecgberht seized property belonging to Canterbury. The outcome in East Anglia was a disaster for the Mercians, which confirmed West Saxon power in the southeast. 402: 608:, though the date is unknown. It may have been delayed until 829 since a later chronicler associates the expulsion with a campaign of Ecgberht's in that year against the Mercians. 450:, which gives Ecgberht's father's name as Ealhmund without further details. The preface probably dates from the late ninth century; the marginal note is on the F manuscript of the 446:. According to a note in the margin, "this king Ealhmund was Egbert's father , Egbert was Æthelwulf's father". This is supported by the genealogical preface from the A text of the 783:

merely says that Wiglaf "obtained the kingdom of Mercia again", but the most likely explanation is that this was the result of a Mercian rebellion against the Wessex rule.

790:

Charter S 1438, in which King Ecgberht and the Archbishop of Canterbury promised mutual support of the church and the West Saxon crown at the Council of Kingston in 838.

414:

Offa of Mercia, who reigned from 757 to 796, was the dominant force in Anglo-Saxon England in the second half of the eighth century. The relationship between Offa and

836:

Ecgberht. In this view, the withdrawal of Frankish influence would have left East Anglia, Mercia, and Wessex to find a balance of power not dependent on outside aid.

632:, who invaded East Anglia in 827, evidently for the same reason. It may be that the Mercians were hoping for support from Kent: there was some reason to suppose that 458:

been described as "the rival, not the overlord, of the Kentish kings". It is possible that the young Ecgberht fled to Wessex in 785 or so; it is suggestive that the

422:, or "subking", making it clear that he has an overlord. Cynewulf appears as "King of the West Saxons" on a charter of Offa's in 772, and in 779, he was defeated in 537:. Ten years later, a charter dated 19 August 825 indicates that Ecgberht was campaigning in Dumnonia again; this may have been related to a battle recorded in the 1002:" (sister or sister-in-law of the Frankish Emperor). Some nineteenth-century historians cited the manuscript to identify Redburga as Ecgberht's wife, such 3319: 3314: 304:

Ecgberht was unable to maintain this dominant position, and within a year Wiglaf regained the throne of Mercia. However, Wessex did retain control of

693:

And the same year King Egbert conquered the kingdom of Mercia, and all that was south of the Humber, and he was the eighth king who was 'Wide-ruler'.

1243:, p. 114. Similarly, Swanton annotates "3 years" with "in fact thirteen years . . . this error is common to all MSS." See note 12 in Swanton, 616:

have been the threat of unrest or instability in the southeast: the dynastic connections with Kent made Wessex a threat to Mercian dominance.

640:, might be discontented with West Saxon rule, as Ecgberht had terminated Wulfred's currency and had begun to mint his own, at Rochester and 469:

Cynewulf was murdered in 786. His succession was contested by Ecgberht, but he was defeated by Beorhtric, maybe with Offa's assistance. The

561:

It was also in 825 that one of the most important battles in Anglo-Saxon history took place, when Ecgberht defeated Beornwulf of Mercia at

831:

Carolingian support may have been one of the factors that helped Ecgberht achieve the military successes of the late 820s. However, the

2992: 2739: 3279: 2395: 3512: 2587: 652: 281:

and drove him out of his kingdom, temporarily ruling Mercia directly. Later that year Ecgberht received the submission of the

257:

Little is known of the first 20 years of Ecgberht's reign, but it is thought that he was able to maintain the independence of

3507: 1924: 1306:, is described by Yorke as "admittedly . . . far from ideal". See Barbara Yorke, "Edward as Ætheling", in Higham & Hill, 510:(who had originally formed a separate kingdom, but by that time were part of Mercia) attacked, under the leadership of their 2173: 684:⁊ þy geare geeode Ecgbriht cing Myrcna rice ⁊ eall þæt be suþan Humbre wæs, ⁊ he wæs eahtaþa cing se ðe Bretenanwealda wæs. 663:

In 829 Ecgberht invaded Mercia and drove Wiglaf, the king of Mercia, into exile. This victory gave Ecgberht control of the

1008: 3460: 2269: 604:

Kent at this date, as Baldred's overlord; hence Baldred was apparently still in power. In Essex, Ecgberht expelled King

3192: 919:

Ecgberht was buried in Winchester, as were his son, Æthelwulf, his grandson, Alfred the Great, and his great-grandson,

904:

and Canterbury in return for the promise of support for Æthelwulf's claim to the throne. The archbishop of Canterbury,

744: 2182: 2153: 2134: 2112: 2084: 2062: 1987: 1965: 1946: 1905: 1878: 1859: 1840: 1808: 3172: 1024: 386: 362: 338: 667:, and he issued coins as King of Mercia. It was after this victory that the West Saxon scribe described him as a 1014: 619:

The consequences of Ellandun went beyond the immediate loss of Mercian power in the southeast. According to the

3478: 2985: 2946: 2732: 1251:, p. 220. Stenton adds in a footnote that "it is very dangerous to reject a reading which is so well attested". 756: 374:, but this is dismissed by academic historians in view of its late date. Æthelwulf is their only known child. 3517: 3272: 2388: 2932: 2543: 3542: 2580: 2538: 2533: 321: 177: 1686: 1415: 277:, and proceeded to take control of the Mercian dependencies in southeastern England. In 829, he defeated 17: 1726: 1090: 438:, ruled in that kingdom throughout the 770s; he is last mentioned in 779, in a charter granting land at 3522: 3398: 3288: 3001: 2404: 2178: 2169: 1239:

E.g. Fletcher assumes that Ecgberht spent essentially all Beorhtric's reign in Francia; see Fletcher,

719:. The list is often thought to be incomplete, omitting as it does some dominant Mercian kings such as 3537: 3532: 2978: 2725: 2304: 3527: 3265: 2748: 2381: 1019: 637: 1488:

and variants in the other mss; here this is translated as 'wide-ruler', per Swanton. See Swanton,

2573: 2262: 852: 821: 3309: 2857: 2503: 3233: 3215: 848: 624: 324:

in 860. Ecgbert's descendants ruled Wessex and, later, all of England continuously until 1013.

199: 3360: 3355: 3092: 2334: 1997:

Naismith, Rory (2011). "The Origins of the Line of Egbert, King of the West Saxons, 802–839".

995: 265:, which at that time dominated the other southern English kingdoms. In 825, Ecgberht defeated 3167: 2314: 1934: 1003: 747:." Roger of Wendover is known to have incorporated Northumbrian annals into his version; the 525:

records that Ecgberht ravaged the whole of the territories of the remaining British kingdom,

491: 407: 291: 286: 3072: 2784: 2673: 2493: 2329: 2299: 3497: 3157: 3122: 2912: 2631: 2309: 897: 889: 865: 716: 423: 2927: 2897: 2483: 786: 487: 8: 3502: 3127: 2887: 2797: 2699: 2523: 2513: 763:

previously within the Mercian orbit. This marked the high point of Ecgberht's influence.

435: 266: 251: 2659: 2617: 2607: 2186: 3436: 3385: 3380: 3334: 3112: 3107: 3097: 3087: 3067: 2907: 2683: 2655: 2641: 2636: 2518: 2488: 2468: 2458: 2448: 2344: 2324: 2255: 880: 817: 415: 274: 2626: 2019: 1887: 1034: 656:

The entry for 827 in the C manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, listing the eight

3324: 3162: 3147: 3082: 3077: 2852: 2812: 2802: 2779: 2759: 2678: 2508: 2463: 2438: 2294: 2149: 2130: 2108: 2080: 2058: 1983: 1975: 1961: 1942: 1920: 1901: 1874: 1855: 1836: 1804: 740: 428: 309: 270: 172: 3299: 2650: 2289: 712: 3424: 3412: 3370: 3365: 3329: 3137: 3132: 3032: 2892: 2882: 2862: 2807: 2688: 2669: 2646: 2596: 2553: 2474: 2428: 2027: 2006: 920: 913: 869: 605: 590: 278: 235: 31: 2045: 872:, whereas to the north they are more heavily influenced by the English newcomers. 868:, appears to be a boundary: south of the Ottery the placenames are overwhelmingly 3448: 3375: 3349: 3344: 3304: 3229: 3057: 3047: 3042: 3037: 2917: 2902: 2877: 2872: 2842: 2789: 2415: 2230: 851:, but in 838 he won a battle against them and their allies the West Welsh at the 825: 731:, Ecgberht received the submission of the Northumbrians at Dore (now a suburb of 578: 439: 405:

Ecgberht's name, spelled Ecgbriht, from the 827 entry in the C manuscript of the

353: 305: 243: 189: 123: 58: 771: 573:. This battle marked the end of the Mercian domination of southern England. The 3339: 3177: 3102: 3052: 3017: 2837: 2817: 2612: 2443: 2339: 2210: 247: 231: 66: 2363:

Not listed in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, but held equivalent or greater power.

2031: 759:, almost certainly with the intent of extending West Saxon influence into the 3491: 2847: 2664: 2498: 2122: 2072: 1341: 1022:, who did not mention Redburga in his article about Ecgberht in the original 808: 807:, and magistrates" to describe a group that included eleven bishops from the 357: 345: 101: 2548: 332:

Historians do not agree on Ecgberht's ancestry. The earliest version of the

3431: 3117: 2774: 2769: 2237: 1030: 885: 857: 382: 105: 48: 3210: 2922: 2832: 2827: 2220: 671:, meaning 'wide-ruler' or perhaps 'Britain-ruler', in a famous passage in 515: 317: 254:, but on Beorhtric's death in 802, Ecgberht returned and took the throne. 133: 94: 2867: 2822: 2010: 1333: 861: 282: 239: 3443: 1484:(which Swanton translates as 'controller of Britain') in ms A appear as 901: 844: 664: 641: 553: 533:

as the West Welsh; their territory was about equivalent to what is now

401: 360:, but not the earlier genealogy back to Cerdic. Heather Edwards in her 164: 3182: 701:

are also named by the Chronicler, who gives the same seven names that

3257: 2970: 2373: 2278: 2203: 800: 796: 732: 566: 542: 511: 463: 297: 84: 2565: 1459: 3248:

King of Mercia during the temporary separation of Mercia and Wessex

3027: 2717: 2453: 905: 707: 675:. The relevant part of the annal reads, in the C manuscript of the 562: 534: 526: 494:, Ecgberht learned the arts of government during his time in Gaul. 1833:

Alfred the Great: War, Kingship and Culture in Anglo-Saxon England

490:, who later became king of Kent. According to a later chronicler, 3152: 1076:

P. Wormald, "The Age of Bede and Æthelbald", in Campbell et al.,

832: 633: 570: 503: 378: 371: 184: 3242: 3022: 2622: 2433: 803:, and in a charter of 836, Wiglaf uses the phrase "my bishops, 736: 629: 582: 507: 390: 349: 313: 262: 258: 1441:

P. Wormald, "The Age of Offa and Alcuin", p. 128, in Campbell

545:

in 823, between the men of Devon and the Britons of Cornwall.

3454: 3062: 2764: 2319: 2247: 1337: 760: 720: 502:

Beorhtric's dependency on Mercia continued into the reign of

1941:. Vol. 1 (Compact ed.). Oxford University Press. 900:

in 838, Ecgberht and Æthelwulf granted land to the sees of

702: 779:

In 830, Mercia regained its independence under Wiglaf—the

755:

In 830, Ecgberht led a successful expedition against the

1018:. Other historians of that time were sceptical, such as 381:, later to be recognised as a saint for her founding of 348:, who abdicated the throne in 726. It continues back to 884:

16th-century mortuary chest, one in a series set up by

466:, Cynewulf's successor, helped Offa to exile Ecgberht. 2102: 1869:

Campbell, James; John, Eric; Wormald, Patrick (1991).

951:, London, J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd., pp. xxxii, 2, 4 442:. In 784 a new king of Kent, Ealhmund, appears in the 3396: 2105:

Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society

1747:

P. Wormald, "The Ninth Century", p. 140, in Campbell

1600:

P. Wormald, "The Ninth Century", p. 138, in Campbell

1540:

P. Wormald, "The Ninth Century", p. 139, in Campbell

454:, which is a Kentish version dating from about 1100. 234:

from 802 until his death in 839. His father was King

2103:

Wormald, Patrick; Bullough, D.; Collins, R. (1983).

1958:

Roman Britain and Early England: 55 B.C. – A.D. 871

1868: 766: 396: 2710:‡ Also monarch of Wessex, Kent, Sussex and Mercia. 1898:Who's Who in Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxon England 1437: 1435: 1433: 843:In the southwest, Ecgberht was defeated in 836 at 356:. Ecgberht's descent from Ingild was accepted by 316:; these territories were given to Ecgberht's son 238:. In the 780s, Ecgberht was forced into exile to 3489: 2958:Also monarch of Wessex, Essex, Sussex and Mercia 1583: 1581: 2127:Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England 1771: 1741: 1594: 1430: 1534: 1110: 1108: 3273: 2986: 2733: 2581: 2389: 2263: 1578: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1296: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1165: 1163: 1161: 1159: 2096:English Historical Documents v.l. c.500–1042 1955: 1937:(1975) . "Egbert, king of the West-Saxons". 1852:The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens 1708: 1706: 1704: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1285: 1283: 1207: 1132: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1070: 1057: 892:, which purports to contain Ecgberht's bones 389:, and on his death in 802 she became a nun, 1564: 1480:Translation is based on Swanton; note that 1395: 1313: 1254: 1143: 1105: 55:Genealogical Chronicle of the English Kings 3280: 3266: 2993: 2979: 2740: 2726: 2588: 2574: 2396: 2382: 2270: 2256: 2185: 1914: 1681: 1679: 1495: 1474: 1156: 47: 2093: 1758: 1701: 1663: 1650: 1521: 1351: 1326: 1280: 1267: 1182: 1121: 1041:states that his mother's name is unknown. 1996: 1895: 1624: 1611: 1551: 1508: 879: 785: 770: 651: 557:A map of England during Ecgberht's reign 552: 400: 377:He is reputed to have had a half-sister 57:, a late 13th-century manuscript in the 2071: 2024:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1890:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1798: 1676: 1637: 1408: 1332:The border had been pushed back to the 1039:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 363:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 14: 3490: 3287: 3000: 2955:Also monarch of East Anglia and Mercia 2403: 2148:. London: Leicester University Press. 2052: 2017: 2005:(518). Oxford University Press: 1–16. 1849: 1719: 1083: 735:); the Northumbrian king was probably 301:or 'wide-ruler' of Anglo-Saxon lands. 30:For the 7th century king of Kent, see 3261: 2974: 2721: 2595: 2569: 2377: 2251: 2143: 2121: 1974: 1830: 1452: 1015:Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles 548: 295:subsequently described Ecgberht as a 3461: 2747: 2174:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England 1933: 1888:Edwards, Heather (2004) "Ecgberht", 1824: 2179:Portraits of Egbert, King of Wessex 1915:Higham, N. J.; Hill, D. H. (2001). 1460:"Manuscript C: Cotton Tiberius C.i" 1233: 739:. According to a later chronicler, 647: 581:, the king of Kent, north over the 210:(770/775 – 839), also spelled 24: 3191: 2098:. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. 1792: 25: 3554: 2183:National Portrait Gallery, London 2163: 3470: 3442: 3430: 3418: 3406: 1939:Dictionary of National Biography 1025:Dictionary of National Biography 1000:Redburga regis Francorum sororia 998:) describes Ecgberht's wife as " 767:Reduction in influence after 829 397:Political context and early life 387:Wulfstan, ealdorman of Wiltshire 3513:Burials at Winchester Cathedral 2146:Wessex in the Early Middle Ages 1220: 1052:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints 462:mentions in a later entry that 53:Depiction of Ecgberht from the 2277: 1044: 988: 979: 967: 954: 941: 932: 820:support. The Franks supported 497: 13: 1: 1960:. W.W. Norton & Company. 1787: 1012:and (as Rædburh) in his 1899 875: 3508:9th-century English monarchs 2046:UK public library membership 1956:Hunter Blair, Peter (1966). 860:, which flows east into the 7: 2094:Whitelock, Dorothy (1968). 2079:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 2026:. Oxford University Press. 1200:, p. 113; quoted in Kirby, 1033:'s 2004 article on his son 1009:Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum 727:Later in 829, according to 10: 3559: 1980:The Earliest English Kings 1896:Fletcher, Richard (1989). 1687:"Anglo-Saxons.net: S 1438" 1416:"Anglo-Saxons.net: S 1267" 1302:The source, a poem in the 912:the will of his grandson, 29: 3295: 3224: 3203: 3189: 3008: 2945:Existence uncertain (See 2941: 2755: 2708: 2603: 2424: 2411: 2358: 2285: 2235: 2227: 2217: 2208: 2200: 2195: 2018:Nelson, Janet L. (2004). 1999:English Historical Review 1873:. London: Penguin Books. 1801:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 1799:Swanton, Michael (1996). 1727:"Anglo-Saxons.net: S 281" 1177:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 1091:"Anglo-Saxons.net: S 108" 949:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 729:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 673:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 531:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 529:, known to the author of 523:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 327: 195: 183: 178:Æthelwulf, King of Wessex 171: 159: 151: 143: 139: 129: 119: 111: 100: 90: 80: 72: 65: 46: 41: 3457:Ecgberht, King of Wessex 3238:Also King of East Anglia 2107:. Oxford: B. Blackwell. 926: 638:Archbishop of Canterbury 27:King of Wessex (802–839) 2144:Yorke, Barbara (1995). 2053:Payton, Philip (2004). 1831:Abels, Richard (2005). 1803:. New York: Routledge. 1192:and the origins of the 996:Hardy, Vol III, No. 326 947:Garmonsway, G. N. ed., 853:Battle of Hingston Down 585:, and according to the 261:against the kingdom of 3197: 2961:Also monarch of Wessex 2952:Also monarch of Mercia 2305:Rædwald of East Anglia 1529:Earliest English Kings 1516:Earliest English Kings 1390:Earliest English Kings 1346:Earliest English Kings 1291:Earliest English Kings 1275:Earliest English Kings 1202:Earliest English Kings 1196:", in Wormald et al., 1138:Earliest English Kings 893: 791: 776: 695: 687: 660: 558: 411: 334:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 200:Ealhmund, King of Kent 3195: 2057:. Cornwall Editions. 2032:10.1093/ref:odnb/8921 1982:. London: Routledge. 1850:Ashley, Mike (1998). 1490:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 1304:Chronicon Vilodunense 1245:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 1204:, p. 167., and n. 30. 883: 789: 775:Coin of King Ecgberht 774: 691: 681: 655: 613:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 556: 492:William of Malmesbury 480:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 471:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 444:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 408:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 404: 385:. She was married to 292:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 3518:Anglo-Saxon warriors 3196:Offa (757–796) 2632:Sigeberht the Little 2320:Oswiu of Northumbria 2020:"Æthelwulf (d. 858)" 1900:. Shepheard-Walwyn. 1854:. London: Robinson. 1188:Wormald, "Bede, the 898:Kingston upon Thames 890:Winchester Cathedral 717:Oswiu of Northumbria 474:extant texts of the 424:battle of Bensington 3543:West Saxon monarchs 2335:Æthelbald of Mercia 2077:Anglo-Saxon England 2055:Cornwall: A History 1820:at Anglo-Saxons.net 1589:Anglo-Saxon England 1573:Anglo-Saxon England 1503:Anglo-Saxon England 1403:Anglo-Saxon England 1344:in 710. See Kirby, 1321:Anglo-Saxon England 1262:Anglo-Saxon England 1249:Anglo-Saxon England 1151:Anglo-Saxon England 1116:Anglo-Saxon England 962:Anglo-Saxon England 697:The previous seven 689:In modern English: 589:, the men of Kent, 436:Ecgberht II of Kent 267:Beornwulf of Mercia 252:Beorhtric of Wessex 155:839 (aged 64 or 68) 3289:Monarchs of Sussex 3198: 3002:Monarchs of Mercia 2637:Sigeberht the Good 2405:Monarchs of Wessex 2330:Æthelred of Mercia 2325:Wulfhere of Mercia 2315:Oswald of Bernicia 2300:Æthelberht of Kent 2011:10.1093/ehr/ceq377 1766:Kings and Kingdoms 1714:Kings and Kingdoms 1658:Kings and Kingdoms 1632:Kings and Kingdoms 1619:Kings and Kingdoms 1559:Kings and Kingdoms 1228:Kings and Kingdoms 894: 792: 777: 661: 559: 549:Battle of Ellandun 434:Another Ecgberht, 412: 275:Battle of Ellandun 271:Mercia's supremacy 3523:Founding monarchs 3394: 3393: 3255: 3254: 3009:Kingdom of Mercia 2968: 2967: 2898:Eadberht III Præn 2715: 2714: 2597:Monarchs of Essex 2563: 2562: 2479: 2371: 2370: 2345:Cœnwulf of Mercia 2295:Ceawlin of Wessex 2246: 2245: 2218:Succeeded by 2129:. London: Seaby. 2073:Stenton, Frank M. 2044:(subscription or 1926:978-0-415-21497-1 1825:Secondary sources 1818:Egbert's charters 1340:and Cornwall, by 1198:Ideal and Reality 741:Roger of Wendover 705:lists as holding 429:Heahberht of Kent 393:of Wilton Abbey. 352:, founder of the 205: 204: 16:(Redirected from 3550: 3538:Mercian monarchs 3533:Kentish monarchs 3483: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3463: 3447: 3446: 3435: 3434: 3423: 3422: 3421: 3411: 3410: 3409: 3402: 3282: 3275: 3268: 3259: 3258: 3173:Æthelred II 3168:Ceolwulf II 2995: 2988: 2981: 2972: 2971: 2749:Monarchs of Kent 2742: 2735: 2728: 2719: 2718: 2590: 2583: 2576: 2567: 2566: 2554:Alfred the Great 2477: 2398: 2391: 2384: 2375: 2374: 2364: 2350:Egbert of Wessex 2272: 2265: 2258: 2249: 2248: 2228:Preceded by 2201:Preceded by 2193: 2192: 2189: 2159: 2140: 2118: 2099: 2090: 2068: 2049: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2014: 1993: 1971: 1952: 1930: 1917:Edward the Elder 1911: 1884: 1871:The Anglo-Saxons 1865: 1846: 1814: 1782: 1775: 1769: 1762: 1756: 1753:The Anglo-Saxons 1745: 1739: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1723: 1717: 1710: 1699: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1683: 1674: 1667: 1661: 1654: 1648: 1645:Alfred the Great 1641: 1635: 1628: 1622: 1615: 1609: 1606:The Anglo-Saxons 1598: 1592: 1585: 1576: 1568: 1562: 1555: 1549: 1546:The Anglo-Saxons 1538: 1532: 1525: 1519: 1512: 1506: 1499: 1493: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1456: 1450: 1447:The Anglo-Saxons 1439: 1428: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1412: 1406: 1399: 1393: 1386: 1349: 1330: 1324: 1317: 1311: 1308:Edward the Elder 1300: 1294: 1287: 1278: 1271: 1265: 1258: 1252: 1237: 1231: 1224: 1218: 1211: 1205: 1186: 1180: 1173: 1154: 1147: 1141: 1134: 1119: 1112: 1103: 1102: 1100: 1098: 1087: 1081: 1078:The Anglo-Saxons 1074: 1068: 1061: 1055: 1048: 1042: 992: 986: 983: 977: 971: 965: 958: 952: 945: 939: 936: 921:Edward the Elder 914:Alfred the Great 896:At a council at 715:and ending with 711:, starting with 648:Defeat of Mercia 602: 339:Parker Chronicle 279:Wiglaf of Mercia 242:'s court in the 236:Ealhmund of Kent 51: 39: 38: 32:Ecgberht of Kent 21: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3548: 3547: 3528:House of Wessex 3488: 3487: 3486: 3476: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3462:sister projects 3459:at Knowledge's 3453: 3441: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3407: 3405: 3397: 3395: 3390: 3291: 3286: 3256: 3251: 3220: 3199: 3187: 3123:Ceolwulf I 3073:Æthelred I 3010: 3004: 2999: 2969: 2964: 2937: 2751: 2746: 2716: 2711: 2704: 2599: 2594: 2564: 2559: 2420: 2416:House of Wessex 2407: 2402: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2354: 2281: 2276: 2241: 2233: 2223: 2214: 2206: 2166: 2156: 2137: 2115: 2087: 2065: 2043: 2036: 2034: 1990: 1968: 1949: 1927: 1908: 1881: 1862: 1843: 1827: 1811: 1795: 1793:Primary sources 1790: 1785: 1776: 1772: 1763: 1759: 1746: 1742: 1732: 1730: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1711: 1702: 1692: 1690: 1685: 1684: 1677: 1668: 1664: 1655: 1651: 1642: 1638: 1629: 1625: 1616: 1612: 1599: 1595: 1586: 1579: 1569: 1565: 1556: 1552: 1539: 1535: 1526: 1522: 1513: 1509: 1500: 1496: 1479: 1475: 1465: 1463: 1458: 1457: 1453: 1440: 1431: 1421: 1419: 1414: 1413: 1409: 1400: 1396: 1387: 1352: 1331: 1327: 1318: 1314: 1301: 1297: 1288: 1281: 1272: 1268: 1259: 1255: 1238: 1234: 1225: 1221: 1212: 1208: 1187: 1183: 1174: 1157: 1148: 1144: 1135: 1122: 1113: 1106: 1096: 1094: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1075: 1071: 1062: 1058: 1050:Farmer, D. H.: 1049: 1045: 994:The chronicle ( 993: 989: 985:Naismith, p. 16 984: 980: 972: 968: 959: 955: 946: 942: 937: 933: 929: 878: 826:Louis the Pious 769: 650: 600: 551: 500: 399: 354:House of Wessex 330: 244:Frankish Empire 167: 61: 59:British Library 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3556: 3546: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3485: 3484: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3439: 3427: 3415: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3285: 3284: 3277: 3270: 3262: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3249: 3246: 3239: 3236: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3213: 3207: 3205: 3204:Later monarchs 3201: 3200: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3014: 3012: 3006: 3005: 2998: 2997: 2990: 2983: 2975: 2966: 2965: 2963: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2942: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2745: 2744: 2737: 2730: 2722: 2713: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2667: 2662: 2653: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2593: 2592: 2585: 2578: 2570: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2557: 2556:(until c. 886) 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2418: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2401: 2400: 2393: 2386: 2378: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2365: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2340:Offa of Mercia 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2310:Edwin of Deira 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2290:Ælle of Sussex 2286: 2283: 2282: 2275: 2274: 2267: 2260: 2252: 2244: 2243: 2234: 2229: 2225: 2224: 2219: 2216: 2211:King of Wessex 2207: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2196:Regnal titles 2191: 2190: 2176: 2165: 2164:External links 2162: 2161: 2160: 2154: 2141: 2135: 2123:Yorke, Barbara 2119: 2113: 2100: 2091: 2085: 2069: 2063: 2050: 2015: 1994: 1988: 1972: 1966: 1953: 1947: 1931: 1925: 1912: 1906: 1893: 1885: 1879: 1866: 1860: 1847: 1841: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1783: 1770: 1768:, pp. 168–169. 1757: 1740: 1718: 1716:, pp. 148–149. 1700: 1675: 1662: 1649: 1636: 1623: 1610: 1593: 1577: 1563: 1550: 1533: 1520: 1507: 1494: 1473: 1451: 1429: 1407: 1394: 1392:, pp. 189–195. 1350: 1325: 1312: 1295: 1279: 1277:, pp. 176–177. 1266: 1253: 1232: 1219: 1206: 1181: 1155: 1142: 1120: 1118:, pp. 208–210. 1104: 1082: 1069: 1063:Hunter Blair, 1056: 1043: 987: 978: 966: 953: 940: 938:Ashley, p. 313 930: 928: 925: 877: 874: 768: 765: 713:Ælle of Sussex 649: 646: 550: 547: 499: 496: 398: 395: 329: 326: 248:Offa of Mercia 232:King of Wessex 203: 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Routledge. 1918: 1913: 1909: 1907:0-85683-089-5 1903: 1899: 1894: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1882: 1880:0-14-014395-5 1876: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1861:1-84119-096-9 1857: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1842:0-582-04047-7 1838: 1834: 1829: 1828: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1810:0-415-92129-5 1806: 1802: 1797: 1796: 1780: 1774: 1767: 1761: 1754: 1750: 1744: 1729:. Sean Miller 1728: 1722: 1715: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1689:. Sean Miller 1688: 1682: 1680: 1672: 1666: 1659: 1653: 1646: 1640: 1633: 1627: 1620: 1614: 1607: 1603: 1597: 1591:, pp. 233–235 1590: 1584: 1582: 1575:, pp. 233–235 1574: 1567: 1560: 1554: 1547: 1543: 1537: 1530: 1524: 1517: 1511: 1504: 1498: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1477: 1462:. Tony Jebson 1461: 1455: 1448: 1444: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1418:. 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Sean Miller 1092: 1086: 1079: 1073: 1066: 1065:Roman Britain 1060: 1053: 1047: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1017: 1016: 1011: 1010: 1005: 1001: 997: 991: 982: 976: 970: 963: 957: 950: 944: 935: 931: 924: 922: 917: 915: 909: 907: 903: 899: 891: 887: 882: 873: 871: 867: 863: 859: 854: 850: 846: 841: 837: 834: 829: 827: 823: 819: 813: 810: 806: 802: 798: 788: 784: 782: 773: 764: 762: 758: 753: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 725: 722: 718: 714: 710: 709: 704: 700: 694: 690: 686: 685: 680: 678: 674: 670: 666: 659: 654: 645: 643: 639: 635: 631: 626: 625:East Anglians 622: 617: 614: 609: 607: 599: 594: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 555: 546: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 519: 517: 513: 509: 505: 495: 493: 489: 483: 481: 477: 472: 467: 465: 461: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 432: 430: 425: 421: 417: 410: 409: 403: 394: 392: 388: 384: 380: 375: 373: 368: 365: 364: 359: 358:Frank Stenton 355: 351: 347: 346:Ine of Wessex 342: 340: 335: 325: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 302: 300: 299: 294: 293: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 255: 253: 249: 246:by the kings 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 201: 198: 194: 191: 188: 186: 182: 179: 176: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 135: 132: 128: 125: 122: 118: 114: 110: 107: 103: 102:King of Essex 99: 96: 93: 89: 86: 83: 79: 75: 71: 68: 64: 60: 56: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 3482:from Commons 3477: 3456: 3245:overlordship 3241:Recognising 3142: 2858:Æthelbert II 2785:Æthelberht I 2693: 2528: 2473: 2349: 2238:King of Kent 2236: 2209: 2145: 2126: 2104: 2095: 2076: 2054: 2035:. Retrieved 2023: 2002: 1998: 1979: 1976:Kirby, D. P. 1957: 1938: 1916: 1897: 1889: 1870: 1851: 1832: 1800: 1778: 1773: 1765: 1760: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1731:. Retrieved 1721: 1713: 1691:. Retrieved 1670: 1665: 1657: 1652: 1644: 1639: 1631: 1626: 1618: 1613: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1588: 1572: 1566: 1558: 1553: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1528: 1523: 1515: 1510: 1505:, pp. 34–35. 1502: 1497: 1492:, pp. 60–61. 1489: 1486:brytenwealda 1485: 1481: 1476: 1464:. Retrieved 1454: 1446: 1442: 1420:. Retrieved 1410: 1402: 1397: 1389: 1345: 1328: 1320: 1315: 1307: 1303: 1298: 1290: 1274: 1269: 1261: 1256: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1227: 1222: 1214: 1209: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1179:, pp. 58–63. 1176: 1150: 1145: 1137: 1115: 1095:. Retrieved 1085: 1077: 1072: 1067:, pp. 14–15. 1064: 1059: 1051: 1046: 1038: 1031:Janet Nelson 1023: 1020:William Hunt 1013: 1007: 1006:in his 1897 1004:W. G. 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Longman. 1693:1 September 1334:river Tamar 1080:, pp. 95–98 964:, pp. 65–66 886:Bishop Foxe 818:Carolingian 761:Welsh lands 665:London Mint 498:Early reign 240:Charlemagne 120:Predecessor 81:Predecessor 18:King Egbert 3503:839 deaths 3492:Categories 3243:West Saxon 3158:Beorhtwulf 2933:Æthelberht 2913:Ceolwulf I 2853:Eadbert I 2808:Ecgberht I 2700:Sigeric II 2549:Æthelred I 2544:Æthelberht 2504:Æthelheard 2478:(disputed) 2279:Bretwaldas 1788:References 1336:, between 1213:Fletcher, 1190:bretwaldas 902:Winchester 876:Succession 866:Launceston 845:Carhampton 809:episcopate 699:bretwaldas 658:bretwaldas 642:Canterbury 420:subregulus 165:Winchester 147:771 or 775 3425:Hampshire 3413:Biography 3361:Æðelberht 3310:Æðelwealh 3211:Æthelstan 3178:Æthelflæd 3128:Beornwulf 3093:Æthelbald 2928:Æthelstan 2923:Æthelwulf 2833:Swæfberht 2828:Swæfheard 2813:Hlothhere 2803:Eormenred 2794:Æðelwald 2780:Eormenric 2684:Sigeric I 2674:Swæfberht 2656:Sigeheard 2642:Swithhelm 2539:Æthelbald 2534:Æthelwulf 2524:Beorhtric 2514:Sigeberht 2221:Æthelwulf 2204:Beorhtric 2048:required) 1781:, p. 310. 1660:, p. 155. 1587:Stenton, 1531:, p. 197. 1501:Stenton, 1482:bretwalda 1466:12 August 1405:, p. 231. 1401:Stenton, 1323:, p. 225. 1319:Stenton, 1293:, p. 186. 1264:, p. 220. 1260:Stenton, 1241:Who's Who 1230:, p. 141. 1217:, p. 114. 1215:Who's Who 1175:Swanton, 1153:, p. 207. 1149:Stenton, 1114:Stenton, 1035:Æthelwulf 973:Edwards, 960:Stenton, 801:Berkshire 797:Middlesex 781:Chronicle 749:Chronicle 733:Sheffield 677:Chronicle 669:bretwalda 621:Chronicle 598:Chronicle 587:Chronicle 575:Chronicle 567:Wroughton 543:Gafulford 539:Chronicle 516:Æthelmund 512:ealdorman 476:Chronicle 464:Beorhtric 460:Chronicle 452:Chronicle 448:Chronicle 440:Rochester 322:Æthelbald 318:Æthelwulf 298:bretwalda 224:Ecgbeorht 134:Æthelwulf 130:Successor 95:Æthelwulf 91:Successor 85:Beorhtric 3449:Politics 3381:Ealdwulf 3356:Æðelstan 3325:Berhthun 3143:Ecgberht 3118:Cynehelm 3113:Coenwulf 3108:Ecgfrith 3098:Beornred 3088:Ceolwald 3068:Wulfhere 3028:Cynewald 2908:Coenwulf 2893:Ealhmund 2883:Heaberht 2863:Eardwulf 2679:Swithred 2529:Ecgberht 2519:Cynewulf 2494:Cædwalla 2489:Centwine 2469:Seaxburh 2459:Cwichelm 2454:Cynegils 2449:Ceolwulf 2242:825–839 2215:802–839 2125:(1990). 2075:(1971). 2037:14 April 1978:(1992). 1733:8 August 1673:, p. 68. 1671:Cornwall 1669:Payton, 1647:, p. 31. 1634:, p. 32. 1621:, p. 51. 1561:, p. 96. 1518:, p. 17. 1422:8 August 1348:, p.125. 1310:, p. 36. 1097:8 August 975:Ecgberht 906:Ceolnoth 822:Eardwulf 708:imperium 563:Ellandun 535:Cornwall 527:Dumnonia 521:In 815, 488:Eadberht 416:Cynewulf 367:stock". 285:king at 269:, ended 220:Ecgbriht 208:Ecgberht 42:Ecgberht 3399:Portals 3386:Ælfwald 3335:Noðhelm 3320:Ecgwald 3315:Eadwulf 3183:Ælfwynn 3163:Burgred 3153:Wigstan 3148:Wigmund 3083:Ceolred 3078:Coenred 2947:Eadbald 2918:Baldred 2903:Cuthred 2878:Eanmund 2873:Sigered 2843:Wihtred 2790:Eadbald 2760:Hengest 2689:Sigered 2660:Swæfred 2647:Sighere 2618:Sæberht 2608:Æscwine 2509:Cuthred 2484:Æscwine 2464:Cenwalh 2439:Ceawlin 2231:Baldred 2181:at the 1777:Yorke, 1764:Yorke, 1712:Yorke, 1656:Yorke, 1643:Abels, 1630:Yorke, 1617:Yorke, 1557:Yorke, 1527:Kirby, 1514:Kirby, 1388:Kirby, 1289:Kirby, 1273:Kirby, 1226:Yorke, 1136:Kirby, 1054:, p. 10 1037:in the 870:Cornish 847:by the 833:Rhenish 745:tribute 634:Wulfred 606:Sigered 579:Baldred 571:Swindon 569:, near 504:Cenwulf 379:Alburga 372:Francia 273:at the 216:Ecgbert 124:Baldred 115:825–839 76:802–839 3371:Oswald 3366:Osmund 3330:Andhun 3216:Eadgar 3138:Wiglaf 3133:Ludeca 3033:Creoda 3023:Cnebba 2838:Oswine 2818:Eadric 2694:Egbert 2670:Sælred 2627:Sæward 2623:Sexræd 2475:Cenfus 2434:Cynric 2429:Cerdic 2152: 2133: 2111: 2083: 2061: 1986: 1964: 1945: 1923: 1904: 1877: 1858: 1839: 1807: 1779:Wessex 1749:et al. 1602:et al. 1542:et al. 1443:et al. 737:Eanred 636:, the 630:Ludeca 623:, the 583:Thames 508:Hwicce 391:Abbess 350:Cerdic 328:Family 314:Surrey 312:, and 310:Sussex 289:. The 263:Mercia 259:Wessex 230:, was 228:Ecbert 226:, and 212:Egbert 196:Father 190:Wessex 160:Burial 3479:Media 3376:Oslac 3350:Osric 3345:Bryni 3305:Cissa 3063:Oswiu 3058:Peada 3048:Penda 3043:Cearl 3038:Pybba 2848:Alric 2765:Horsa 2651:Sæbbi 2613:Sledd 2003:CXXVI 1338:Devon 927:Notes 864:near 862:Tamar 849:Danes 805:duces 757:Welsh 721:Penda 601:' 591:Essex 565:—now 185:House 173:Issue 112:Reign 73:Reign 3340:Watt 3300:Ælle 3232:and 3230:Kent 3103:Offa 3053:Eowa 3018:Icel 2775:Octa 2770:Oisc 2665:Offa 2444:Ceol 2150:ISBN 2131:ISBN 2109:ISBN 2081:ISBN 2059:ISBN 2039:2012 1984:ISBN 1962:ISBN 1943:ISBN 1921:ISBN 1902:ISBN 1875:ISBN 1856:ISBN 1837:ISBN 1805:ISBN 1735:2007 1695:2007 1468:2007 1424:2007 1099:2007 856:The 799:and 703:Bede 611:The 596:The 336:the 306:Kent 287:Dore 250:and 152:Died 144:Born 106:Kent 104:and 2823:Mul 2499:Ine 2172:at 2028:doi 2007:doi 888:in 541:at 3494:: 2672:/ 2658:/ 2649:/ 2625:/ 2022:. 2001:. 1751:, 1703:^ 1678:^ 1604:, 1580:^ 1544:, 1445:, 1432:^ 1353:^ 1282:^ 1158:^ 1123:^ 1107:^ 679:: 514:, 308:, 222:, 218:, 214:, 3465:: 3401:: 3352:? 3281:e 3274:t 3267:v 2994:e 2987:t 2980:v 2949:) 2741:e 2734:t 2727:v 2696:‡ 2589:e 2582:t 2575:v 2397:e 2390:t 2383:v 2271:e 2264:t 2257:v 2158:. 2139:. 2117:. 2089:. 2067:. 2041:. 2030:: 2013:. 2009:: 1992:. 1970:. 1951:. 1929:. 1910:. 1883:. 1864:. 1845:. 1813:. 1755:. 1737:. 1697:. 1608:. 1548:. 1470:. 1449:. 1426:. 1101:. 341:, 34:. 20:)

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