246:
during this period, and the small curia followed the king in all his travels. As they traveled the kingdom, the king and curia often heard suitors in person. The powers and functions of the great council and the small curia were identical since they were considered the same institution meeting under
378:
in early medieval times was composed exclusively by King's will. Over time, in addition to King's appointments, certain higher dignitaries were assumed to belong to the
Council owing to their functions. The following dignitaries were permanent members of the Council in the
344:. It was composed of a number of the king's trusted advisers but only a few travelled with the king at any time. By the later twelfth century it had become a judicial body with a few branching off to remain the king's council.
1643:
399:
411:
368:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
435:
2203:
2147:
2580:
2432:
2193:
843:
481:
in 1480 as the chief body dealing with administrative and judicial matters of the realm. The
Council was dissolved in 1834 by Isabel II.
768:
2565:
2460:
2570:
186:
94:
250:
During the 13th century, the great council and the small curia separated into two distinct bodies. The great council evolved into
1866:
190:
268:
acting for the authority of the crown." Early government departments also developed out of the small curia regis, such as the
917:
1861:
2350:
2140:
2455:
2092:
490:
17:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2400:
2330:
2218:
1832:
1213:
709:
2450:
2410:
2305:
2223:
2112:
836:
238:
remained in session; though, its membership was much smaller. The smaller curia was composed of royal officers and
373:
2575:
1171:
912:
65:", was the name given to councils of advisers and administrators in medieval Europe who served kings, including
2470:
2395:
2188:
2133:
1218:
873:
731:
380:
198:
2027:
387:
265:
452:
2208:
1886:
1203:
1020:
423:
2465:
2375:
2335:
2263:
2178:
2082:
2042:
2007:
1929:
1159:
1042:
868:
829:
428:
2370:
2198:
2087:
1906:
1891:
1265:
1198:
392:
269:
777:
Morris, William A. (July 1929). "The Lesser Curia Regis Under the First Two Norman Kings of
England".
2415:
2365:
2360:
2320:
2173:
1896:
1154:
741:
356:
169:
conducted the business of state whether legislative, judicial, or diplomatic. Its membership was the
82:
74:
2325:
2295:
2285:
2017:
2002:
1901:
1193:
1176:
1075:
535:
312:
255:
70:
2077:
2065:
1994:
1921:
981:
416:
404:
78:
66:
810:
536:"'The King's Other Islands of the Sea': The Channel Islands in the Plantagenet Realm, 1254â1341"
1939:
1223:
1105:
206:
2488:
2355:
2315:
2248:
2238:
2168:
2054:
2032:
2022:
1208:
1149:
976:
478:
474:
440:
307:
251:
1065:
2498:
2380:
2345:
1878:
1080:
1035:
895:
762:
355:, which was a judiciary body, the Chamber of Accounts, which was a financial body, and the
8:
2529:
2420:
2310:
2258:
2213:
2183:
1959:
1911:
1837:
1824:
1166:
1118:
1008:
954:
944:
932:
695:
663:
202:
2503:
2280:
2012:
1951:
1188:
1085:
1030:
1013:
993:
885:
860:
852:
794:
683:
464:
104:
2243:
1964:
1070:
969:
922:
727:
705:
470:
351:
was no longer used. However, it was a predecessor to later sovereign assemblies: the
147:
131:
31:
2385:
2060:
1974:
1144:
1003:
986:
786:
675:
543:
220:
2125:
2513:
2070:
2050:
1969:
1100:
1060:
937:
890:
699:
243:
194:
170:
121:, and English writers continued to use this term as well. It corresponded to the
100:
2405:
1934:
1849:
1181:
1095:
959:
907:
806:
341:
327:
2544:
1984:
1090:
949:
333:
548:
2107:
1979:
1844:
1230:
1025:
964:
927:
214:
210:
114:
679:
451:
By the end of the 15th century the Royal
Council was transformed into the
1123:
998:
900:
719:
288:
273:
60:
542:, vol. 107, Kennington: The History Association, pp. 453â483,
2273:
2097:
1856:
798:
687:
469:
The earliest form of the Royal
Council in Spain was created in 1385 by
2493:
2253:
2233:
2228:
878:
821:
352:
277:
790:
2340:
1235:
817:. London: Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press. inside back cover.
239:
174:
124:
47:
761:
2508:
2390:
2268:
1052:
217:. Occasionally, these would be summoned by the king to meet as a
264:
then is "the very distant ancestor of the modern executive, the
2425:
2300:
2290:
811:"Table of Evolution of the Constitution and the Public Records"
178:
151:
1134:
226:
182:
118:
52:
575:
1240:
2102:
340:
in Latin, functioned as an advisory body under the early
30:"King's Council" redirects here. Not to be confused with
587:
515:
666:(October 1907). "The Descendants of the Curia Regis".
599:
565:
563:
561:
559:
27:
Latin term meaning "royal council" or "king's court"
2155:
649:(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1922), p. 72
748:. Vol. I. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.
556:
704:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
611:
503:
2542:
134:, and this name was also applied to the English
647:Medieval France: A Companion to French Studies
140:. It was similar to, but not the same as, the
2141:
837:
150:. Members, particularly the king's household
772:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). p. 639.
259:
233:
218:
164:
155:
141:
135:
122:
108:
103:of 1066, the central governing body of the
39:
2148:
2134:
844:
830:
740:
701:Council and Courts in Anglo-Norman England
593:
521:
547:
724:A History of Parliament: The Middle Ages
628:
626:
533:
95:Government in Norman and Angevin England
815:The Public Records and the Constitution
759:
14:
2543:
851:
776:
2581:Political history of medieval England
2129:
825:
694:
662:
623:
605:
581:
569:
509:
254:and the small curia evolved into the
46:
805:
718:
617:
347:By the fourteenth century the term
24:
753:
458:
447:Certain ecclesiastical dignitaries
25:
2592:
2566:Latin political words and phrases
634:Medieval France: An Encyclopaedia
534:Kelleher, Alexander (June 2022),
760:Holland, Arthur William (1911).
2571:1060s establishments in England
2156:National legislatures in Europe
913:England in the late Middle Ages
656:
639:
491:Court of King's Bench (England)
232:In between great councils, the
779:The American Historical Review
668:The American Historical Review
527:
381:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
13:
1:
496:
477:. It was reestablished under
400:Vice-Chancellors of the Crown
388:Great Chancellor of the Crown
299:
424:Great Treasurer of the Crown
240:barons attending the monarch
83:kings and queens of Scotland
7:
484:
113:. Before the Conquest, the
48:[ËkuË.ri.aËreË.gis]
10:
2597:
918:Economy in the Middle Ages
742:Holdsworth, William Searle
473:after the disaster at the
462:
412:Great Marshal of the Crown
325:
92:
88:
29:
2522:
2479:
2441:
2161:
2041:
1993:
1950:
1920:
1877:
1823:
1114:
1051:
859:
636:(Routledge, 1995), p. 255
362:
321:
304:
293:
285:
247:different circumstances.
154:, were also known as the
2561:13th century in politics
2556:12th century in politics
2551:11th century in politics
746:A History of English Law
645:Arthur Augustus Tilley,
584:, pp. 5â6 & 10.
313:Privy Council of England
982:Commonwealth of England
769:EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica
549:10.1111/1468-229X.13269
369:Royal Council of Poland
187:great officers of state
2576:Royal and noble courts
2204:Bosnia and Herzegovina
260:
234:
229:for "great council").
219:
165:
156:
142:
136:
123:
109:
40:
726:. London: Constable.
475:Battle of Aljubarrota
308:Parliament of England
117:called this body the
93:Further information:
1833:Anglo-Saxon military
1021:Overseas possessions
696:Adams, George Burton
664:Adams, George Burton
242:. English kings had
2442:States with limited
1247:Acts of Parliament:
1014:Union with Scotland
1009:Glorious Revolution
955:Union of the Crowns
945:English Renaissance
933:English Reformation
874:Anglo-Saxon England
763:"Curia Regis"
680:10.1086/ahr/13.1.11
18:King's council
1204:Secretary of State
886:Kingdom of England
853:Kingdom of England
465:Council of Castile
105:Kingdom of England
2538:
2537:
2123:
2122:
1965:Church of England
923:Wars of the Roses
608:, pp. 13â14.
319:
318:
305:Succeeded by
185:) along with the
148:Dukes of Normandy
146:which served the
132:Frankish kingdoms
16:(Redirected from
2588:
2480:Dependencies and
2416:Northern Ireland
2162:Sovereign states
2150:
2143:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2083:Royal supporters
1930:English language
1177:Council of State
1167:King's Secretary
1160:House of Commons
1145:Magnum Concilium
1043:Maritime history
1004:Exclusion Crisis
987:The Protectorate
846:
839:
832:
823:
822:
818:
802:
773:
765:
749:
737:
715:
691:
650:
643:
637:
632:William Kibler,
630:
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
585:
579:
573:
567:
554:
552:
551:
531:
525:
519:
513:
507:
479:Queen Isabella I
453:Senate of Poland
444:
436:Land dignitaries
432:
420:
408:
396:
377:
334:the King's Court
301:
286:Preceded by
283:
282:
263:
244:itinerant courts
237:
224:
221:magnum concilium
171:tenants-in-chief
168:
159:
145:
139:
129:
112:
71:kings of England
50:
43:
21:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2518:
2481:
2475:
2461:Northern Cyprus
2443:
2437:
2336:North Macedonia
2157:
2154:
2124:
2119:
2113:St George's Day
2088:Royal standards
2071:College of Arms
2037:
1989:
1946:
1916:
1873:
1819:
1128:
1110:
1047:
994:The Restoration
938:Elizabethan era
891:Norman Conquest
855:
850:
807:Pike, Luke Owen
791:10.2307/1836781
756:
754:Further reading
734:
712:
659:
654:
653:
644:
640:
631:
624:
616:
612:
604:
600:
594:Holdsworth 1922
592:
588:
580:
576:
568:
557:
532:
528:
522:Holdsworth 1922
520:
516:
508:
504:
499:
487:
467:
461:
459:Spain (Castile)
438:
426:
414:
402:
390:
371:
365:
330:
324:
315:
310:
297:
291:
191:royal household
107:was called the
101:Norman Conquest
97:
91:
79:kings of Poland
67:kings of France
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2594:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2530:European Union
2526:
2524:
2523:Other entities
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2482:other entities
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2411:United Kingdom
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2224:Czech Republic
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2130:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2063:
2058:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2008:English Gothic
2005:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1935:English people
1932:
1926:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1850:New Model Army
1842:
1841:
1840:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1182:Lord Protector
1179:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1155:House of Lords
1147:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
991:
990:
989:
984:
974:
973:
972:
967:
962:
960:Gunpowder Plot
957:
947:
942:
941:
940:
935:
925:
920:
915:
910:
908:Angevin Empire
905:
904:
903:
893:
888:
883:
882:
881:
871:
865:
863:
857:
856:
849:
848:
841:
834:
826:
820:
819:
803:
785:(4): 772â778.
774:
755:
752:
751:
750:
738:
732:
716:
710:
692:
658:
655:
652:
651:
638:
622:
610:
598:
586:
574:
555:
526:
514:
501:
500:
498:
495:
494:
493:
486:
483:
463:Main article:
460:
457:
449:
448:
445:
433:
421:
409:
397:
364:
361:
357:King's Council
342:Capetian kings
328:Conseil du Roi
326:Main article:
323:
320:
317:
316:
306:
303:
292:
287:
193:, such as the
157:curiales regis
90:
87:
32:King's Counsel
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2593:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:Faroe Islands
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2466:South Ossetia
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2296:Liechtenstein
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2151:
2146:
2144:
2139:
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2051:National flag
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2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
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1998:
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1986:
1985:Country dance
1983:
1981:
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1267:Temp. incert.
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1197:
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1194:Privy Council
1192:
1190:
1187:
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1106:Orange-Nassau
1104:
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950:Stuart period
948:
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936:
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929:
926:
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921:
919:
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899:
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896:Anglo-Normans
894:
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867:
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835:
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828:
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824:
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788:
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771:
770:
764:
758:
757:
747:
743:
739:
735:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
711:9780598892126
707:
703:
702:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:
648:
642:
635:
629:
627:
620:, p. 23.
619:
614:
607:
602:
596:, p. 33.
595:
590:
583:
578:
572:, p. 12.
571:
566:
564:
562:
560:
550:
545:
541:
537:
530:
524:, p. 32.
523:
518:
511:
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389:
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336:, called the
335:
329:
314:
309:
296:
290:
284:
281:
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275:
271:
267:
262:
257:
256:Privy Council
253:
248:
245:
241:
236:
230:
228:
223:
222:
216:
212:
208:
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72:
68:
64:
63:
58:
57:royal council
54:
49:
44:
42:
33:
19:
2471:Transnistria
2433:Vatican City
2093:Crown Jewels
2078:Royal badges
2066:Coat of arms
1995:Architecture
1980:Morris dance
1922:Demographics
1845:English Army
1642:
1266:
1231:Star Chamber
1139:
1053:Royal Houses
1036:Protectorate
965:Jacobean era
928:Tudor period
814:
782:
778:
767:
745:
723:
720:Butt, Ronald
700:
674:(1): 11â15.
671:
667:
657:Bibliography
646:
641:
633:
613:
601:
589:
577:
539:
529:
517:
512:, p. 1.
505:
468:
450:
366:
348:
346:
337:
331:
295:Curia regis
294:
258:. The small
249:
231:
177:, including
162:
115:Anglo-Saxons
98:
62:king's court
61:
56:
38:
36:
2509:Isle of Man
2444:recognition
2396:Switzerland
2331:Netherlands
2018:Elizabethan
2003:Anglo-Saxon
1224:Elizabethan
1214:Anglo-Saxon
1140:Curia regis
1081:Plantagenet
1031:Proprietary
999:Popish Plot
977:Interregnum
901:The Anarchy
439: [
427: [
415: [
403: [
391: [
372: [
349:curia regis
338:Curia Regis
289:Witenagemot
261:curia regis
235:curia regis
207:chamberlain
189:and of the
166:curia regis
143:curia ducis
137:curia regis
110:curia regis
41:curia regis
2545:Categories
2366:San Marino
2326:Montenegro
2306:Luxembourg
2286:Kazakhstan
2189:Azerbaijan
2098:Tudor rose
2028:Queen Anne
1857:Royal Navy
1209:Governance
1199:Ministries
1150:Parliament
733:0094562202
606:Adams 1907
582:Adams 1926
570:Adams 1907
510:Adams 1926
497:References
332:In France
276:, and the
252:Parliament
195:chancellor
173:(i.e. the
99:After the
2499:Gibraltar
2301:Lithuania
2108:St George
1879:Geography
1644:1642â1660
1293:1422â1460
1288:1413â1421
1283:1399â1411
1278:1377â1397
1273:1327â1376
1261:1308â1325
1256:1275â1307
1251:1225â1267
1086:Lancaster
1066:Knýtlinga
970:Civil War
879:Heptarchy
618:Butt 1989
471:King John
353:Parlement
278:exchequer
203:treasurer
199:constable
69:, Norman
55:for "the
2504:Guernsey
2451:Abkhazia
2421:Scotland
2381:Slovenia
2376:Slovakia
2351:Portugal
2209:Bulgaria
2103:Oak tree
2061:Heraldry
2033:Georgian
2023:Jacobean
1975:Folklore
1960:Religion
1887:Counties
1825:Military
1219:Medieval
1172:Monarchy
1119:Politics
1071:Normandy
869:Timeline
809:(1907).
744:(1922).
722:(1989).
698:(1926).
485:See also
274:treasury
270:chancery
175:baronage
127:generale
125:placitum
81:and the
2406:Ukraine
2356:Romania
2316:Moldova
2274:Ireland
2269:Iceland
2264:Hungary
2254:Germany
2249:Georgia
2239:Finland
2234:Estonia
2229:Denmark
2214:Croatia
2199:Belgium
2194:Belarus
2184:Austria
2179:Armenia
2174:Andorra
2169:Albania
2043:Symbols
1970:Cuisine
1952:Culture
1912:Palaces
1907:Castles
1892:Islands
1867:History
1838:Warfare
1189:Peerage
1076:Angevin
861:History
799:1836781
688:1834884
540:History
266:Cabinet
215:steward
211:marshal
179:bishops
152:knights
130:of the
89:England
2514:Jersey
2456:Kosovo
2401:Turkey
2391:Sweden
2371:Serbia
2361:Russia
2346:Poland
2341:Norway
2321:Monaco
2291:Latvia
2259:Greece
2244:France
2219:Cyprus
1897:Places
1241:Tories
1101:Stuart
1061:Wessex
797:
730:
708:
686:
363:Poland
322:France
272:, the
213:, and
183:abbots
75:Sicily
59:" or "
2489:Ă
land
2426:Wales
2386:Spain
2311:Malta
2281:Italy
2013:Tudor
1902:Towns
1862:Ships
1236:Whigs
1135:Witan
1096:Tudor
1026:Crown
795:JSTOR
684:JSTOR
443:]
431:]
419:]
407:]
395:]
376:]
302:1215
298:1066â
227:Latin
119:witan
53:Latin
2055:list
1940:list
1815:1706
1810:1705
1805:1704
1800:1703
1795:1702
1790:1701
1785:1700
1780:1698
1775:1697
1770:1696
1765:1695
1760:1694
1755:1693
1750:1692
1745:1691
1740:1690
1735:1689
1730:1688
1725:1685
1720:1680
1715:1679
1710:1678
1705:1677
1700:1675
1695:1672
1690:1670
1685:1667
1680:1666
1675:1665
1670:1664
1665:1663
1660:1662
1655:1661
1650:1660
1638:1640
1633:1627
1628:1625
1623:1623
1618:1620
1613:1609
1608:1606
1603:1605
1598:1603
1593:1601
1588:1597
1583:1592
1578:1588
1573:1586
1568:1584
1563:1580
1558:1575
1553:1572
1548:1571
1543:1566
1538:1562
1533:1558
1528:1557
1523:1555
1518:1554
1513:1553
1508:1551
1503:1549
1498:1548
1493:1547
1488:1546
1483:1545
1478:1543
1473:1542
1468:1541
1463:1540
1458:1539
1453:1536
1448:1535
1443:1534
1438:1533
1433:1532
1428:1531
1423:1530
1418:1529
1413:1523
1408:1515
1403:1514
1398:1513
1393:1512
1388:1511
1383:1509
1378:1503
1373:1496
1368:1495
1363:1491
1358:1488
1353:1487
1348:1485
1343:1483
1338:1482
1333:1477
1328:1474
1323:1472
1318:1468
1313:1467
1308:1464
1303:1463
1298:1461
1091:York
728:ISBN
706:ISBN
367:The
311:and
181:and
163:The
73:and
37:The
1124:Law
787:doi
676:doi
544:doi
205:or
51:),
2547::
813:.
793:.
783:34
781:.
766:.
682:.
672:13
670:.
625:^
558:^
538:,
455:.
441:pl
429:pl
417:pl
405:pl
393:pl
383::
374:pl
359:.
300:c.
280:.
209:,
201:,
197:,
160:.
85:.
77:,
2149:e
2142:t
2135:v
2057:)
2053:(
845:e
838:t
831:v
801:.
789::
736:.
714:.
690:.
678::
553:.
546::
225:(
45:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.