645:
help was debated (8th month of the 10th year of Yejong’s reign, July 1115) at the extended meeting of the Privy
Council that included also the top military commanders. The majority of officials supported sending the troops. The opposition was voiced by a relatively junior associate of Yi Cha-gyŏm and by Kim Bu-il and Kim Bu-sik, who argued that `sending troops for another country could be the cause of trouble and would undoubtedly be dangerous for the future’. They succeeded in stalling the motion. At approximately the same time Kim Bu-sik acknowledged the increasing strength of the Jurchen in the official letters to the Liao court, but swore that Goryeo was loyal to
606:, and were careful to keep these conventions in the correspondence with the suzerains. On the other hand, many aspects of the government were fashioned after following the imperial conventions. A majority view of the scholars-officials, including the Kim brothers, was that Goryeo was a realm in itself and thus “a possible center of the world”. During this period Kim Bu-sik drafted a significant portion of the diplomatic correspondence with both Liao and Song.
525:'s fall and disgrace (1108–1109) that was at least partially precipitated by the court machinations, or in an incident when Kim Bu-sik rewrote a memorial plaque written by the general. During Kim’s lessons on various historical topics Yun Ŏn-i posed difficult questions, apparently trying to embarrass him and discredit his scholarship. After 1121 Kim Bu-sik was appointed as Royal Diarist, or
53:
684:, submitting to and obeying the barbarians like this is the proper policy, one that the sages called ‘the temporarily putting aside of one’s principles as circumstances demand it’ and ‘the protection of the whole country.’" Later Kim Bu-sik himself provided an example of temporizing in the correspondence with the Jin, arguing why Goryeo cannot be its vassal.
668:
to be recognized as the ‘elder brother’ of the Goryeo king in 1117. A majority of the officials opposed this request and even considered beheading the envoy. The factions of Yi Cha-gyŏm and Kim Bu-sik stalled the rash moves, but the formal submission of Goryeo to Jin was made only during the reign of
416:
The oldest son Kim Bu-pil (? -?) reached the senior 5th rank in 1102, but these were the three younger sons, Kim Bu-il (1071–1132), Kim Bu-sik, and Kim Bu-cheol, also known as Kim Puǔi, (1079–1136) that played an important role in politics and culture of Goryeo. Kim Kun died when Kim Bu-sik was about
644:
started a successful rebellion against Liao in 1114. While a majority of the Goryeo officials were anti-Jurchen, both the king's father-in-law Yi Cha-gyŏm and Kim Bu-sik aimed to keep Goryeo out of the fray and benefit from the changing geopolitical situation. For example, the first Liao request for
442:
and was appointed as an official in the Anseo prefecture. Subsequently he was selected for a position at the
Hallimwon (Academy of Letters), that was also responsible for drafting foreign correspondence. The Kim brothers steadily raised through the ranks of the civil service. In 1115, Kim Bu-sik was
655:
scored a number of victories over Liao; and proclaimed the establishment of the Jin dynasty with himself as its first emperor in 1115. In 1116–1117, Kim Bu-sik was part of the embassy to the Song court. Goryeo consistently refused any military help to Liao and in the wake of the
Jurchen advances
784:
was a religion of both elites and common people. It enjoyed royal and aristocratic patronage and the
Buddhist hierarchy was integrated into the state bureaucracy. Kim Bu-sik was a practicing Buddhist. He established a family temple complex Kwallan-sa. This temple also inspired Kim's poem
761:, a chronicle of events in the Three Kingdoms and Unified Silla. Using Chinese histories (particularly Shiji by Sima Qian), Kim Bu-sik at the head of the fourteen-author team compiled the oldest extant source on Korean history. It was submitted to Injong in late 1145 or early 1146.
725:) . Using his position Kim opposed Yi Cha-gyŏm hold on power, aiming at Yi's attempts to enhance his public image. Already in 1122 Kim argued against giving special recognition to Yi Cha-gyŏm as king’s grandfather. Later he questioned the appropriateness of calling Yi’s birthday
626:. After a long and mutually complementary discourse Bu-sik "concluded by stating that it was the barbarians who stood between Goryeo and the Song, literally and figuratively." This letter was written just before Kim Bu-sik finally ensured the recognition by Goryeo of the
412:
court, he and the fellow envoy Pak
Illyang published a collection of poems that made a deep impression on Song scholars. "The allusions in the poems were so intricate that the most renowned court scholars had to study them in detail before being able to understand them."
729:(Celebrating Humaneness and Longevity), and a planned performance of the ritual music at the Yi’s family graves. Nevertheless, after a failed coup against Yi in early 1126 Kim Bu-sik not only remained in power, but was promoted to the position of the Chief Censor.
813:
rebellion in 1135–1136 Kim Bu-sik is recorded as swearing an oath “by the heaven and the earth, the mountains and streams and the gods and spirits”. He made a sacrifice to the guardian deities of the
Western Capital following its capture from the rebels.
680:, giving the following rational: “Now even the great Song calls itself the younger brother of the Khitan and they have gotten along peacefully for generations. And although there is nothing under heaven that can measure up to the dignity of the
797:
and the
National Preceptor, one of the three highest Buddhist hierarchs of the country). There he recalls their only meeting, when as a boy he visited his brother in a monastery. In retirement Kim became a lay monk
609:
Throughout their careers Kim brothers demonstrated a pragmatic approach both domestically and internationally. At the beginning of the century the Liao
Dynasty appeared strong and Kim Bu-il congratulated
614:
as a ruler who “developed and enlarged territory and made both
Chinese and barbarians follow peacefully." In a letter to the Song court Kim Bu-sik derived the Goryeo legitimacy as successors of
572:
of silver and 300,000 bolts of silk, that was equivalent to several percent of the Song government revenues. Goryeo was a vassal state of Liao, even if the tribute was not paid after 1054.
443:
appointed to the Office of
Remonstrance. Despite their relatively junior ranks, both Kim Bu-sik (senior 6th rank) and Kim Bu-il (junior 5th rank) participated in the meetings of the
707:, his maternal grandfather. Shortly after Injong took the throne, Kim was an executive, and in 1124 was promoted to the position of the deputy minister of the Ministry of Rites (
664:
as its border. While the majority of Yenjong’s officials believed in the eventual Liao downfall, a crisis in the relationship with the Jurchen was precipitated by the request of
405:
married into the Gyeongju Kim, and the clan played a leading role in early Goryeo politics. Three of its members were the officials of the first and second rank during 981-1069.
806:
588:
397:) name derives from Kim’s great grandfather, a member of the royal Kim clan, who became the administrator in charge of the former Silla capital (renamed
777:
was primarily a state ideology, aimed at social cohesion and state administration. Kim was one of the most prominent Confucian scholars of his time.
676:
In fact, Kim Bu-cheol (voicing a position of Kim Bu-sik who was at the time in China) submitted a memorandum proposing to accede to the demands of
576:
tribes were vassals of Liao, that exercised a variable degree of control over their tribal groupings. Jurchen had complicated relationships with
580:. These ranged from a tributary status and mercenary service to cross-border warfare and informal alliances, particularly during the reign of
805:
Worship of native spirits and guardian spirits (animism) was widely practiced by populace and part of the royal rituals prescribed by the
471:
1723:
1703:
514:
462:) by designating a lecture hall and making a number of appointments to the position of a royal lecturer. Under him and his successor
408:
Kim’s father, Kim Kun, was an official (reached the junior 3rd rank) and a famous poet. When he was a member of an embassy to the
732:
The role of Kim Bu-sik in toppling Yi Cha-gyŏm is unknown. Kim Bu-il, on the other hand, was one of the intermediaries between
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1645:
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750:. He became the supreme chancellor in 1136 and dominated the Goryeo government till his official retirement in 1142.
769:
The ideological and religious opinions of Kim Bu-sik fell into the spectrum of practices of the upper strata of the
1630:
Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918–1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty
700:
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rewarded her with a yearly allowance, noting in particular her merit in assisting each of her sons to pass the
301:
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100:
1738:
1718:
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ritual in which the ruler paid homage to Confucian teachings. Many of the royal lecturers belonged to the
1743:
627:
595:, and by extension, other nomadic "barbarians". The status of Goryeo rulers can be roughly summarized as
1748:
1174:
454:
The increasing literary and scholarly reputation of the Kim brothers made them popular teachers of the
353:; 1075–1151) was a Korean calligrapher, military general, philosopher, poet, and politician during the
17:
1733:
581:
1263:
Shultz, Edward J. (1988). "Twelfth-Century Koryŏ Politics: The Rise of Han Anin and His Partisans".
591:. This document advised a cautious following of the Chinese practices, and expressed abhorrence of
1753:
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794:
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Xu Jing (1091–1153), a member of the Song mission to Goryeo in 1122–1123, mentions Kim Bu-sik.
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After 1126 the Kim brothers advanced through the Security Council into the highest offices.
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1683:
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8:
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478:. Both Kim Bu-cheol and Kim Bu-sik delivered royal lectures, expounding the teachings of
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thirteen, and his widow raised and supervised the education of her younger sons. Later
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36:
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1384:
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Breuker, Remco E. (2003). "Koryo as an Independent Realm: The Emperor's Clothes?".
1311:
1272:
1226:
1217:
Kwŏn, Yŏnung (1982). "The Royal Lecture and Confucian Politics in Early Yi Korea".
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1096:
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Duncan, John B. (1988). "The Formation of the Central Aristocracy in Early Koryŏ".
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Shultz, Edward J. (1979). "Military Revolt in Koryŏ: The 1170 Coup d'État".
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599:(emperor at home and king abroad). They were titled kings, were vassals of
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These lectures became a scene of rivalry between Kim Bu-sik and Yun Ŏn-i (
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The development of the Korean ruling class from late Silla to early Koryo
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513:. Yun was an influential Confucian scholar and a future supporter of the
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In 1135–1136 Kim Bu-sik was in charge of suppressing the rebellion of
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The Gyeongju Kim clan was a direct descendant of the last Silla king,
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had to pay an annual tribute (that was not named as such) of 200,000
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rebellion. Kim is best known for supervising the compilation of the
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533:. By 1122 Kim Bu-sik became an executive at the Ministry of Rites (
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The years 1114–1128 saw a major change in the balance of power in
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483:
1473:"Consultative Politics and Royal Authority in the Goryeo Period"
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Basic tenets of Goryeo’s political theory were expressed in the
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Kim himself passed the civil service examination in 1096 on the
1012:
Shultz, Edward J (2004). "An Introduction to the Samguk Sagi".
789:. Kim is an author of the inscription honoring a Buddhist monk
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at the beginning of the Goryeo period). The first Goryeo king
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from 1136 to 1142 and was in charge of the suppression of the
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52:
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in the 11th century BCE), who was enfeoffed by the Chinese
615:
549:. Around the year 1100 the dominant regional power was the
1332:
1306:
Twitchett, Denis; Tietze, Klaus-Peter (1994). "The Liao".
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Choe-Wall, Yang Hi, ed. (1999). "Kim Pushik (1075–1151)".
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1452:
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1448:
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1178:. The Australian National University. pp. 688–689.
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and Yi‘s military supporters, inducing them to defect.
618:(Giji, a semi-legendary sage who is said to have ruled
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the lectures were held regularly. Such a lecture was a
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Early Korean Literature: Selections and Introductions
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458:. In 1116, King Yejong instituted the royal lecture (
720:
537:), typically an appointment of the 3rd junior rank.
1657:A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present
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868:Older brother: Kim Bu-il (김부일, 金副佾; 1071–1123)
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893:1st son: Kim Don-jung (김돈중, 金敦中; 1119–1170)
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660:(Poju) area and once again established the
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1579:. Columbia University Press. p. 79.
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913:2nd son: Kim Don-si (김돈시, 金敦時; d. 1170)
521:. His attacks on Kim may have roots in
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1516:Everlasting Flower: A History of Korea
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27:Korean scholar and general (1075–1151)
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649:; if not, “may the gods destroy it”.
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1477:Seoul Journal of Korean Studies
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1204:Encyclopedia of World Biography
757:ordered the compilation of the
1638:10.1163/ej.9789004183254.i-484
1518:. Reaktion Books. p. 96.
1308:The Cambridge History of China
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703:(1122–1126) were dominated by
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1265:The Journal of Korean Studies
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509:), son of the famous general
486:. Kim Bu-sik lectured on the
1659:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1546:(Thesis). pp. 280–289.
871:Younger brother: Kim Bu-ui (
838:Grandfather: Kim Won-chung (
699:Early years of the reign of
377:, the oldest extant written
361:royalty and a member of the
7:
1709:12th-century Korean artists
1694:11th-century Korean artists
853:Older brother: Kim Bu-pil (
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695:Reign of Injong (1122–1146)
365:. Later he was the supreme
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1714:12th-century calligraphers
1699:11th-century calligraphers
1628:Breuker, Remco E. (2010).
1621:
1175:The Encyclopaedia of Korea
557:. Emperors of Liao and of
29:
1729:12th-century Korean poets
1655:Seth, Michael J. (2011).
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807:Ten Injunctions of Taejo
589:Ten Injunctions of Taejo
1542:Kang, Hi-woong (1964).
780:By the twelfth century
612:Emperor Tianzuo of Liao
434:Early career, 1096–1122
1575:McCann, David (2000).
1471:Park, Jae-woo (2011).
896:Grandson: Kim Gun-su (
57:Portrait of Kim Pu-sik
1514:Pratt, Keith (2006).
1277:10.1353/jks.1988.0005
474:faction that opposed
34:, the family name is
1739:Goryeo Confucianists
1719:Korean calligraphers
1389:10.1353/ks.2005.0001
1231:10.1353/ks.1982.0005
1101:10.1353/ks.1988.0003
1026:10.1353/ks.2005.0026
947:10.1353/ks.1979.0009
678:Emperor Taizu of Jin
302:Revised Romanization
235:Revised Romanization
168:Revised Romanization
101:Revised Romanization
1341:, pp. 220–224.
1310:. pp. 43–153.
1744:Korean politicians
1353:, pp. 99–101.
823:Father: Kim Geun (
529:, to the court of
456:Confucian classics
1749:Gyeongju Kim clan
1666:978-0-7425-6715-3
1647:978-90-04-18325-4
1586:978-0-231-50574-1
1525:978-1-86189-273-7
1416:Project MUSE
1325:978-1-139-05474-4
1121:Project MUSE
1046:Project MUSE
967:Project MUSE
515:Pyongyang faction
440:Book of Documents
423:state examination
393:. The clan seat (
363:Gyeongju Kim clan
328:
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316:McCune–Reischauer
249:McCune–Reischauer
182:McCune–Reischauer
115:McCune–Reischauer
16:(Redirected from
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1735:
1732:
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1727:
1725:
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1697:
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1176:
1168:
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1118:
1114:
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1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1072:, p. 78.
1071:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1051:
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1039:
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1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
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1008:
1006:
1004:
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1000:
993:, p. 80.
992:
987:
979:
975:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
929:
925:
912:
895:
894:
892:
891:
890:Unnamed wife
889:
870:
867:
852:
851:
837:
836:
822:
821:
815:
812:
809:. During the
808:
803:
801:
796:
792:
788:
783:
778:
776:
772:
762:
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
740:
737:
735:
730:
728:
723:
706:
702:
692:
690:
685:
683:
682:Son of Heaven
679:
674:
672:
667:
663:
659:
654:
650:
648:
643:
639:
635:
633:
632:Son of Heaven
630:ruler as the
629:
625:
624:Son of Heaven
621:
617:
613:
607:
605:
602:
598:
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
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567:
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538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
495:
493:
489:
485:
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477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
445:Privy Council
441:
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420:
414:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
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222:
220:
216:
206:
204:
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197:
196:Courtesy name
193:
189:
185:
183:
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175:
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165:
155:
153:
149:
139:
137:
133:
130:
126:
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102:
98:
88:
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82:
72:
70:
66:
61:
54:
49:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
1656:
1629:
1612:Breuker 2010
1607:
1600:Breuker 2010
1595:
1576:
1570:
1543:
1515:
1509:
1502:Breuker 2010
1497:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1459:Breuker 2010
1440:Breuker 2010
1435:
1383:(1): 48–84.
1380:
1376:
1370:
1363:Breuker 2010
1358:
1346:
1339:Breuker 2010
1334:
1307:
1301:
1268:
1264:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1173:
1157:Breuker 2010
1152:
1145:Breuker 2010
1140:
1092:
1088:
1065:
1017:
1013:
986:
938:
934:
928:
804:
799:
795:King Munjong
793:(the son of
786:
779:
775:Confucianism
768:
758:
752:
741:
738:
731:
726:
698:
689:Gaoli tujing
688:
687:In his book
686:
675:
666:Taizu of Jin
653:Wanyan Aguda
651:
642:Wanyan Aguda
636:
608:
604:Liao dynasty
597:naeje oewang
596:
586:
544:
534:
526:
496:
459:
453:
448:
437:
415:
407:
394:
388:
330:
329:
35:
1689:1151 deaths
1684:1075 births
1200:"Kim Pusik"
1020:(1): 1–13.
759:Samguk Sagi
722:yebu sirang
705:Yi Cha-gyŏm
628:Jin dynasty
582:King Yejong
535:Yebu Sirang
476:Yi Cha-gyŏm
419:King Yejong
375:Samguk Sagi
347::
337::
63:Korean name
32:Korean name
1678:Categories
1553:1773/11100
1489:8670131083
1413:A128251980
1185:1885/10445
1132:1311654844
978:1311653155
920:References
811:Myo Cheong
787:At Kwallan
744:Myo Cheong
662:Yalu River
519:Myo Cheong
460:kyeongyeon
367:chancellor
331:Kim Pu-sik
107:Gim Bu-sik
46:Kim Pu-sik
18:Kim Bu-sik
1632:. BRILL.
1562:223152822
1427:220291103
1405:144851344
1351:Seth 2011
1293:144881775
1247:154939654
1225:: 41–62.
1117:154332960
1095:: 39–61.
1070:Seth 2011
1057:220332739
1042:144403549
991:Seth 2011
963:159548907
941:: 19–48.
773:society.
753:In 1142,
634:in 1126.
553:state of
480:Confucius
472:Han An-in
468:Confucian
371:Myocheong
121:Kim Pusik
1423:ProQuest
1397:23719570
1285:41490196
1271:: 3–38.
1239:23717630
1128:ProQuest
1109:23717729
1053:ProQuest
1034:23720180
974:ProQuest
955:23717825
782:Buddhism
765:Religion
620:Gojoseon
523:Yun Kwan
511:Yun Kwan
490:and the
449:Chae Chu
399:Gyeongju
322:Mul'lyŏl
308:Munryeol
188:Noech'ŏn
174:Noecheon
129:Art name
30:In this
1622:Sources
791:Uicheon
748:Kaesong
727:Insujel
640:leader
638:Jurchen
574:Jurchen
484:Mencius
395:bongwan
1663:
1644:
1583:
1560:
1522:
1487:
1425:
1420:177175
1418:
1411:
1403:
1395:
1322:
1291:
1283:
1245:
1237:
1130:
1125:397730
1123:
1115:
1107:
1055:
1050:184887
1048:
1040:
1032:
976:
971:397658
969:
961:
953:
902:;
877:;
859:;
844:;
829:;
818:Family
771:Goryeo
755:Injong
734:Injong
719:;
713:;
701:Injong
671:Injong
601:Khitan
593:Khitan
578:Goryeo
551:Khitan
531:Yejong
503:;
464:Injong
429:Career
391:Kim Pu
355:Goryeo
343:;
335:Korean
270:Hangul
203:Hangul
136:Hangul
69:Hangul
1759:Taewi
1401:S2CID
1393:JSTOR
1289:S2CID
1281:JSTOR
1243:S2CID
1235:JSTOR
1113:S2CID
1105:JSTOR
1038:S2CID
1030:JSTOR
959:S2CID
951:JSTOR
800:keosa
570:taels
562:China
403:Taejo
359:Silla
345:Hanja
286:Hanja
255:Ipchi
219:Hanja
152:Hanja
85:Hanja
1661:ISBN
1642:ISBN
1581:ISBN
1558:OCLC
1520:ISBN
1485:OCLC
1409:Gale
1320:ISBN
716:禮部侍郞
710:예부시랑
658:Uiju
647:Liao
616:Jizi
566:Song
559:Song
555:Liao
517:and
482:and
410:Song
241:Ipji
1634:doi
1548:hdl
1385:doi
1312:doi
1273:doi
1227:doi
1180:hdl
1097:doi
1022:doi
943:doi
905:金君綏
899:김군수
880:金副儀
874:김부의
862:金富弼
856:김부필
847:金元冲
841:김원충
802:).
506:尹彦頤
500:윤언이
451:).
350:金富軾
340:김부식
92:金富軾
76:김부식
37:Kim
1680::
1640:.
1556:.
1534:^
1481:24
1479:.
1475:.
1447:^
1407:.
1399:.
1391:.
1381:27
1379:.
1318:.
1287:.
1279:.
1267:.
1255:^
1241:.
1233:.
1221:.
1202:.
1164:^
1119:.
1111:.
1103:.
1093:12
1091:.
1077:^
1044:.
1036:.
1028:.
1018:28
1016:.
998:^
965:.
957:.
949:.
937:.
850:)
835:)
832:金覲
826:김근
673:.
584:.
527:ji
494:.
425:.
381:.
293:文烈
277:문렬
226:立之
210:입지
159:雷川
143:뇌천
1669:.
1650:.
1636::
1589:.
1564:.
1550::
1528:.
1491:.
1429:.
1387::
1328:.
1314::
1295:.
1275::
1269:6
1249:.
1229::
1223:6
1206:.
1188:.
1182::
1134:.
1099::
1059:.
1024::
980:.
945::
939:3
908:)
883:)
865:)
798:(
447:(
333:(
40:.
20:)
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