1109:, discovered in Kikaijima in 2006, rewrites the history of the Ryukyu Islands. The group of archaeological sites on the plateau is one of the largest sites of the Ryukyu Islands of the era. It lasted from 9th to 13th centuries and at its height from the second half of the 11th to the first half of the 12th century. It was characterized by a near-total absence of the native Kaneku Type pottery, which prevailed in coastal communities. What were found instead were goods imported from mainland Japan, China and Korea. Also found was the
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There are some controversies over which
Kikaijima described in these sources refers to. It may be the modern-day Kikaijima, Satsuma Iōjima or a collective name for the southern islands. From the late 10th century, Kikaijima was seen as the center of the southern islands by mainland Japan. It is also
1117:
from the 11th to 14th centuries. The skewed distribution of
Kamuiyaki peaked at Kikaijima and Tokunoshima suggests that the purpose of Kamuiyaki production was to serve it to Kikaijima. The Gusuku Site Complex supports the literature-based theory that Kikaijima was a trade center of the southern
354:, Kikaijima is a relatively flat island, with its highest point at 214 metres (702 ft) above sea level. It is a raised coral island with limestone cliffs, and draws the attention of geologists as it is one of the fastest rising coral islands in the world.
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Due to its relative isolation, Kikaijima is home to several rare species endemic to the island itself, or more generally to the Ryukyu archipelago. However, it is one of the few islands in the Amami chain to which the venomous
932:
viper is not indigenous. Larger biogenically coated nodules (25-130 mm in diameter) , named macroids, have been found off Kikai-jima shelf, at water depths of 61 to 105 m. These macroids are made up by encrusting acervulind
1064:, and women did not wear their hair down. There were no farmers or grain, not even clothing. In the center of the island was a tall mountain, and it was constantly in flames. Due to the large amounts of
350:
and approximately 380 kilometres (210 nmi; 240 mi) south of the southern tip of Kyūshū. It is the easternmost island in the Amami chain. Compared with Amami Ōshima and
1031:, dispatched troops to pacify Kikaijima (貴賀井島). It was noted that the imperial court objected to the military expedition claiming that it was beyond Japan's administration.
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The island, 56.93 square kilometres (21.98 sq mi) in area, has a population of approximately 7,657 people. Administratively the island forms the town of
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1139:, created a set of documents that specified properties to be inherited by his family members, which included Kikaijima, together with other islands of the
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and citrus fruits) as well as commercial fishing. Seasonal tourism also plays a role in the local economy. Industry is limited to sugar refining and
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Although the Ryukyu
Islands appeared in written history as Japan's southern frontier, the name of Kikaijima was not recorded in early years. The
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1808:
1818:
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in 1363, he added the extra Five
Islands as the territories to be succeeded, which seem to refer to the Amami Islands including Kikaijima.
1176:(1471), whose source was a Japanese monk visiting Korea in 1453, describes Kikaijima as a territory of Ryūkyū. An article of 1462 in the
1276:. The station was opened in 2006, and is considered a vital component of the MSDF's JOSIS (JMSDF Ocean Surveillance Information System).
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In 2018 resident Nabi Tajima, the last remaining person known to have been born in the 19th century, died in a local medical facility.
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Boats rarely passed, and people were scared. Residents were dark colored and their words were incomprehensible. Men did not wear
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Kikaijima is isolated from the other Amami islands, and is located approximately 25 kilometres (13 nmi; 16 mi) east of
373:) with very warm summers and mild winters. The rainy season lasts from May through September. The island is subject to frequent
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islander who had drifted to
Okinawa in 1456, states that Kikaijima was resisting Ryūkyū's repeated invasions. According to the
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981:(982–1032 for the extant portion). Accordingly, it is assumed that Dazaifu had a stronghold in the Kikaijima concerned.
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and Amami
Islands. After the fall of the Kamakura shogunate, the southern islands seem to have been transferred to the
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in the mid-11th century, introduced a merchant named Hachirō-mauto, who traveled all the way to the land of the
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Kikaijima is connected by regular ferry service to
Kagoshima, Amami-Oshima and various of the Amami islands.
1607:
Hellyer. Robert. Defining
Engagement: Japan and Global Contexts, 1640-1868. Harvard University Press (2009)
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changed from "貴" (noble) to "鬼" (ghost) from the end of the 12th century to the early 13th century.
1400:
Bassi D., Iryu Y., Humblet M., Matsuda H., Machiyama H., Sasaki K., Matsuda S., Arai K., Inoue T.,
971:(southern barbarians), who in the previous year had pillaged a wide area of western Kyūshū. The
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himself pacified
Kikaijima in 1466, claiming that Kikaijima had not paid tribute for years.
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of the Twelve
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Boring bivalve traces in modern reef and deeper water macroid and rhodolith beds
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Bassi D., Braga J.C., Owada M., Aguirre J., Lipps J.H., Takayanagi H., Iryu Y.,
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The Return of the Amami Islands: The Reversion Movement and U.S.-Japan Relati
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1454:. Translated by Burton Watson. Columbia University Press. 2006. p. 35.
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937:. These macroids host boring bivalves whose holes represent the ichnogenus
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1441:列島南縁における境界領域の様相, Kodai makki Nihon no kyōkai 古代末期・日本の境界, pp. 85–130, 2010
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noted by scholars that the character representing the first syllable of
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of 1609, Kikaijima fell under the direct control of Satsuma. After the
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Recent macroids on the Kikai-jima shelf, Central Ryukyu Islands, Japan
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Climate data for Kikaijima (2000−2020 normals, extremes 2000−present)
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1504:古代・中世における薩摩・南島間の交流, Kyōkai no Nihon-shi 境界の日本史, pp. 145–150, 1997.
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1654:
1478:城久遺跡群とキカイガシマ, Nichiryū Bōeki no reimei 日琉交易の黎明, pp. 121–149, 2008
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1219:, although with the other Amami Islands, it was occupied by the
1159:, the head of the clan, handed over Satsuma Province to his son
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until 1953, at which time it reverted to the control of Japan.
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The island depicted, characterized by sulfur, is identified as
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1491:中世国家の境界と琉球・蝦夷, Kyōkai no Nihon-shi 境界の日本史, pp. 106–137, 1997.
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The economy of the island is based on agriculture (primarily
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connects the island with Amami-Oshima and Kagoshima by air.
53:
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Japan's Ocean Surveillance and Coastal Defence Capabilities
1517:海の古奄美, Nichiryū Bōeki no reimei 日琉交易の黎明, pp. 151–181, 2008.
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and later became part of Kagoshima Prefecture. Following
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of Kawanabe District, Satsuma Province on behalf of the
338:, which may have been the antecedent of the Kikai name.
1009:
state that during the period of the Taira clan's rule,
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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, vol. 7, 2020
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in the east and to Kika-no-shima (貴賀之島) in the west.
1636:
1527:Ball, Desmond; Tanter, Richard (21 January 2015).
1336:] (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 223.
282:. Much of the island is within the borders of the
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1502:Kodai chūsei ni okeru Satsuma Nantō kan no kōryū
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1040:(13th century) depicted Kikaijima (鬼界島), where
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1404:Sedimentology, vol. 59, pp. 2024-2041, 2012
955:(c. 11th–12th centuries) states that in 998
362:The climate of Kikaijima is classified as a
1439:Rettō nan'en ni okeru kyōkai ryōiki no yōsō
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975:were identified as Amami islanders by the
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302:with the various phonemic kana spellings
1489:Chūsei kokka no kyōkai to Ryūkyū, Emishi
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1846:
1327:
1699:
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990:, a fiction written by an aristocrat
138:56.93 km (21.98 sq mi)
1534:. Australia: ANU Press. p. 15.
1520:
1266:Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force
1182:, which records an interview from a
1619:The Most Daring Raid of the Samurai
13:
1311:, Teikoku-Shoin Co., Ltd., Tokyo,
1284:The traditional local language, a
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14:
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1864:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
1725:
1632:
1476:Gusuku isekigun to Kikai-ga-shima
1309:Teikoku's Complete Atlas of Japan
1274:Circularly Disposed Antenna Array
1229:
1680:
1667:
1653:
1639:
1621:. Rosen Publishing Group (2011)
1859:Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture
1577:
1548:
1166:Kikaijima was conquered by the
1113:pottery, which was produced in
1105:Archaeologically speaking, the
1068:, the island was also known as
959:, the administrative center of
284:Amami Guntō Quasi-National Park
1556:"Endangered Languages Archive"
1367:
1340:
1334:Dictionary of Archaic Okinawan
1321:
1302:
1:
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1017:fled to Kikaijima (貴海島). The
1003:Some articles of 1187 of the
368:Köppen climate classification
223:134.49/km (348.33/sq mi)
1597:ons. Levington Books (2004)
1179:Annals of the Joseon Dynasty
1135:, the de facto ruler of the
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27:Island within Ryukyu Islands
20:, which is submerged in the
7:
1685:Geographic data related to
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906:Japan Meteorological Agency
857:Average precipitation days
643:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
503:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
146:48.6 km (30.2 mi)
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1021:also states that in 1188
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154:214 m (702 ft)
16:Not to be confused with
1513:Takahashi Ichirō 高橋一郎,
1500:Nagayama Shūichi 永山修一,
1328:Hokama, Shuzen (1995).
1268:maintains an important
300:Old and Middle Okinawan
289:
1452:The Tales of the Heike
1080:
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151:Highest elevation
109:28.32639°N 129.97417°E
1676:at Wikimedia Commons
1474:Takanashi Osamu 高梨修,
1437:Takanashi Osamu 高梨修,
1349:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）
1077:The Tale of the Heike
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1054:Shishigatani Incident
1050:Fujiwara no Naritsune
923:Hyakunodai, Kikaijima
922:
253:, also Kikai-ga-jima)
1487:Murai Shōsuke 村井章介,
1023:Minamoto no Yoritomo
967:(貴駕島) to arrest the
433:Record high °C (°F)
280:Kagoshima Prefecture
178:Kagoshima Prefecture
1617:Turnbull, Stephen.
1203:'s conquest of the
1107:Gusuku Site Complex
1090:, which is part of
992:Fujiwara no Akihira
713:Record low °C (°F)
573:Daily mean °C (°F)
259:, classed with the
114:28.32639; 129.97417
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1804:Eniyabanare Island
1376:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）
1288:known as Kikai or
1260:Strategic location
1137:Kamakura shogunate
1025:, who soon became
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30:
1841:
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1837:
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1672:Media related to
1627:978-1-4488-1872-3
1286:Ryukyuan language
1209:Meiji Restoration
1151:. It claimed the
1046:Taira no Yasuyori
1037:Tale of the Heike
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18:Kikai Caldera
1829:Yubanarejima
1758:Kakeromajima
1753:Amami Ōshima
1666:
1647:Japan portal
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1564:the original
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787:mm (inches)
370:
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348:Amami Ōshima
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295:
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273:
243:
242:
220:Pop. density
215:7,657 (2013)
207:Demographics
165:
43:
1814:Kiyamashima
1809:Hanmyashima
1799:Edatekujima
1792:Uninhabited
1773:Tokunoshima
1125:, a deputy
1115:Tokunoshima
352:Tokunoshima
174:Prefectures
125:Archipelago
112: /
100:129°58′27″E
88:Coordinates
38:Native name
1848:Categories
1819:Sukomojima
1613:0674035771
1603:0739107100
1584:Ethnologue
1570:2014-03-14
1296:References
1250:sugar cane
859:(≥ 1.0 mm)
212:Population
97:28°19′35″N
1783:Yoronjima
1763:Yoroshima
1748:Kikaijima
1741:Inhabited
1687:Kikaijima
1674:Kikaijima
1386:March 16,
1359:March 16,
1133:Hōjō clan
1121:In 1306,
1118:islands.
1111:Kamuiyaki
1056:of 1177.
342:Geography
294:The name
244:Kikaijima
143:Coastline
73:Geography
58:Kikaijima
31:Kikaijima
1280:Language
1194:Shō Toku
1161:Morohisa
1075:—
965:Kikajima
963:ordered
904:Source:
852:(74.52)
817:(11.98)
783:Average
375:typhoons
263:between
236:Japanese
232:Ryukyuan
184:District
78:Location
1768:Ukejima
1330:沖縄古語大辞典
1244:Economy
1086:of the
1042:Shunkan
978:Shōyūki
957:Dazaifu
945:History
850:1,892.7
847:(4.04)
842:(4.96)
837:(6.74)
832:(8.42)
827:(5.94)
822:(4.91)
812:(8.47)
807:(5.77)
802:(5.95)
797:(4.13)
792:(4.70)
778:(39.6)
773:(45.1)
768:(48.7)
763:(57.7)
758:(66.9)
753:(71.1)
748:(70.5)
743:(61.7)
738:(53.2)
733:(45.3)
728:(41.0)
723:(39.6)
718:(40.6)
708:(66.7)
703:(58.3)
698:(65.1)
693:(71.6)
688:(76.5)
683:(78.8)
678:(78.8)
673:(74.3)
668:(67.8)
663:(61.9)
658:(57.7)
653:(55.4)
648:(54.7)
638:(71.7)
633:(63.5)
628:(70.2)
623:(76.5)
618:(81.3)
613:(83.5)
608:(83.1)
603:(77.9)
598:(72.9)
593:(67.6)
588:(63.3)
583:(61.0)
578:(60.1)
568:(77.2)
563:(68.5)
558:(75.6)
553:(82.0)
548:(87.1)
543:(89.6)
538:(88.7)
533:(82.8)
528:(78.4)
523:(73.2)
518:(69.1)
513:(66.6)
508:(65.3)
498:(98.4)
493:(81.0)
488:(84.4)
483:(90.0)
478:(94.3)
473:(98.4)
468:(95.0)
463:(89.6)
458:(89.4)
453:(81.3)
448:(78.4)
443:(76.8)
438:(76.6)
358:Climate
269:Okinawa
1734:Island
1625:
1611:
1601:
1538:
1458:
1315:
1270:SIGINT
1254:Shōchū
1170:. The
1145:Tokara
1066:sulfur
1062:eboshi
1048:, and
1028:shōgun
973:Nanban
969:Nanban
961:Kyūshū
899:132.9
389:Month
332:, and
265:Kyūshū
1332:[
1141:Ōsumi
1100:Kikai
997:Fushū
896:11.8
890:10.6
887:10.6
878:12.9
875:12.1
872:11.0
869:12.9
866:11.6
863:12.8
845:102.7
840:126.0
835:171.1
830:213.9
825:150.9
820:124.8
815:304.3
810:215.1
805:146.6
800:151.1
795:105.0
790:119.4
428:Year
296:Kikai
276:Kikai
201:Kikai
166:Japan
42:喜界島,
1623:ISBN
1609:ISBN
1599:ISBN
1536:ISBN
1456:ISBN
1388:2022
1361:2022
1313:ISBN
1264:The
1184:Jeju
1153:jito
1128:jitō
1034:The
984:The
930:habu
893:9.5
884:9.7
881:7.4
761:14.3
756:19.4
751:21.7
746:21.4
741:16.5
736:11.8
706:19.3
701:14.6
696:18.4
691:22.0
686:24.7
681:26.0
676:26.0
671:23.5
666:19.9
661:16.6
656:14.3
651:13.0
646:12.6
636:22.1
631:17.5
626:21.2
621:24.7
616:27.4
611:28.6
606:28.4
601:25.5
596:22.7
591:19.8
586:17.4
581:16.1
576:15.6
566:25.1
561:20.3
556:24.2
551:27.8
546:30.6
541:32.0
536:31.5
531:28.2
526:25.8
521:22.9
516:20.6
511:19.2
506:18.5
496:36.9
491:27.2
486:29.1
481:32.2
476:34.6
471:36.9
466:35.0
461:32.0
456:31.9
451:27.4
446:25.8
441:24.9
436:24.8
425:Dec
422:Nov
419:Oct
416:Sep
413:Aug
410:Jul
407:Jun
404:May
401:Apr
398:Mar
395:Feb
392:Jan
335:ちちやァ
290:Name
267:and
196:Town
135:Area
1689:at
1381:JMA
1354:JMA
1013:of
776:4.2
771:7.3
766:9.3
731:7.4
726:5.0
721:4.2
716:4.8
371:Cfa
329:ちちや
323:きちや
317:きちゃ
311:きゝや
305:ききや
250:喜界島
1850::
1558:.
1426:^
1379:.
1352:.
1143:,
1094:.
1044:,
941:.
377:.
326:,
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314:,
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286:.
278:,
271:.
234:,
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1719:e
1712:t
1705:v
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1544:.
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1363:.
1072:.
366:(
247:(
24:.
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