922:, in which 500,000–800,000 Tutsi and politically moderate Hutu were killed in well-planned attacks on the orders of the interim government. Opposition politicians based in Kigali were killed on the first day of the genocide, and the city then became the setting for fierce fighting between the army and the RPF including at the latter's base. The RPF began attacking from the north of the country, and gradually took control of most of Rwanda between April and June. After encircling Kigali and cutting off its supply routes, they began fighting for the city itself in mid-June. The government forces had superior manpower and weapons but the RPF fought tactically, and were able to exploit the fact that the government forces were concentrating on the genocide rather than the fight for Kigali. The RPF took control of Kigali on 4 July, a date now commemorated as
2361:. The population reached 115,000 by 1978, and 235,000 by 1991. The city lost a large fraction of its people during the 1994 genocide, including those killed and those who fled to neighbouring countries. From 1995 the economy began to recover and large numbers of long-term Tutsi refugees returned from Uganda. Many of these refugees settled in Kigali and other urban areas, due to difficulty in obtaining land in other parts of the country. This phenomenon, coupled with a high birth rate and increased rural-to-urban migration, meant that Kigali reattained its previous size quite quickly and began to grow even more rapidly than before. The population exceeded 600,000 in 2002, and in the 2012 census had almost doubled to 1.13 million, although this was in part because the administrative boundaries of the city had been expanded.
3335:
2373:(NISR) to the migration of working-age Rwandans from rural to urban areas. Similarly, Kigali has a lower level of over-60s, with 2.6 per cent, than the Rwanda average of 4.9 per cent, also likely reflecting the tendency for non-working-age inhabitants to live rurally. In 2014, the proportion of people classified as living in poverty within Kigali was 15 per cent, compared with 37 per cent for Rwanda as a whole. The 2012 census recorded a workforce of 487,000 in Kigali. The city's biggest employment sector is agriculture, fishing and forestry, covering 24 per cent of the workforce; utilities and financial services with 21 per cent; trade 20 per cent and government 12 per cent.
98:
2901:
740:
2502:
agriculture in Kigali is subsistence farming on small plots, but there are some larger modern farms close to the city, particularly in Gasabo district, which has the highest average area of cultivated land per household in the country. Other major employment areas in the city are government, which comprises 12 per cent of the workforce, transportation and communication, construction, and manufacturing. The NISR classifies 21 per cent of the workforce as being employed in "other services" such as utilities and financial services, the latter including banking, pensions, insurance, microfinance, and the
2446:
947:
73:
3505:
2548:
1161:
3136:
2681:
80:
2349:
3213:
3384:, responsibility for primary healthcare has moved from the national level to district level. Healthcare centres in the city are run as a mixture of public sector, government-assisted and private sector, with some traditional healers also operating. Not all residents have easy access to these facilities, however, with some having to walk more than 30 minutes to reach the nearest centre. The government has devolved the financing and management of healthcare to local communities, through a system of health insurance providers called
154:
124:
2617:
3184:
2416:
955:
604:
91:
11690:
1069:
224:
62:
2442:, and found that 92 per cent of these were from the city of Kigali. However, the authors noted that this figure excluded turnover from small-scale farming, and was also inflated for companies headquartered in Kigali with revenue generated elsewhere in Rwanda. Official statistics classify economic activity as either "farm" or "non-farm", and Kigali accounts for 39 per cent of non-farm waged employees in the country.
3180:. Within the city there was a total of 1,017 kilometres (632 mi) of road in 2012, although only fourteen per cent of this was paved road and many of the unpaved sections were of poor quality and dangerous during rainfall. The authorities have been making gradual improvements since the 1990s, increasing the quality of the surfaces and also upgrading most of the city's arterial routes to dual-carriageway.
2632:(OSAC) praises the RNP's professionalism, but notes that it lacks specialist skills in dealing with policing tasks such as investigation, counter-terrorism, bomb disposal, and forensics. OSAC also notes that the RNP has limited resources on the ground, stating that police are often "unable to respond to an emergency call in a timely manner", and that police patrols are more focused on terrorism than crime.
11707:
2980:. It has six constituent colleges, spanning nine campuses, three of which are in Kigali. These are the Gikondo campus, which serves as the university's headquarters and is home to its business and economics programmes, the Nyarugenge campus on the former KIST site, which houses the sciences, architecture and engineering, and the Remera campus which covers medicine, nursing, dentistry and health sciences.
838:
colonial administration. This arrangement persisted until the mid-1920s, but from 1924 the
Belgians began once more to sideline the monarchy, this time permanently. Belgium took over control of dispute resolution, appointment of officials and collection of taxes. Kigali remained relatively small through the remainder of the colonial era, as much of the administration took place in Ruanda-Urundi's capital
2563:
and levying taxes, around 30 per cent of which were passed to the city-wide authority. The changes, implemented with the goal of reducing bureaucracy and inefficiency, gave the city council much greater power including control of the budget. The districts ceased to be separate legal entities, their mayors being replaced by district executive administrators appointed by the national government.
161:
131:
2438:(GDP), and found that the three districts of Kigali represented 42 per cent of Rwanda's total night-light output. When translated, this gives a total city GDP of approximately US$ 1.8 billion or $ 1,619 per capita, compared with a national average of $ 436 per capita. Another 2015 World Bank study measured the total turnover of registered companies in the country, as reported to the
862:(known as Astrida under the Belgians), due to its prominence as a centre of intellect and religion. The authorities eventually chose Kigali because of its more central location. The city grew steadily during the following decades; in the early 1970s the population was 25,000 with only five paved roads, and by 1991 it was around 250,000. On 5 July 1973 there was
762:, and established the city as the headquarters. Alexis Kagame promoted an alternative theory that the city was established as a capital under Cyilima I Rugwe in either the 1300s or the 1500s. There is little direct evidence for this, however, and the more recent kings of the pre-colonial era are known to have been based at Nyanza. Rwanda and neighbouring
2369:
under the age of 50. The city has a higher proportion of 14–35 year olds than the Rwanda average, with 50.3 per cent versus 39.6 per cent nationwide. Children between birth and seventeen (i.e. < 18) years of age have a below-average share of the total, with 39.6 per cent against 47.7 per cent nationally. These differences are attributed by the
2380:(HDI), a composite measure of life expectancy and health, education, and standard of living. This figure had risen or remained the same every year since 1992, during the civil war, when the figure was 0.223. It is also the highest of Rwanda's five provinces with the next highest, the Northern Province, recording an HDI of 0.531. Analysts at the
416:
934:
infrastructure now exist across the city. A masterplan, adopted by the city and the government in 2013 and supported by international finance and labour, seeks to establish Kigali as a decentralised modern city by 2040. The development has been accompanied by forced eviction of residents in informal housing zones, however, and groups such as
1268:, change in climate has reduced the number of rainy days experienced during a year, but has also caused an increase in frequency of torrential rains. Strategic Foresight also characterise Rwanda as a rapidly warming country, with an increase in average temperature of between 0.7 °C to 0.9 °C over the 50 years to 2013.
2651:, then-commander of the central division Rogers Rutikanga cited "efficient operations and daily surveillance" as the means by which the city was policed. Rutikanga noted that there were crimes related to burglary, drugs, assault and robbery, as well as petty crime and pickpocketing, but that numbers were kept low through
798:. Despite a German ordinance written in 1905, which prohibited "non-indigenous natives" from entering Rwanda, Kandt began permitting the entry of foreign traders in 1908, which allowed commercial activity to begin in Rwanda. Kigali's first businesses were established by Greek and Indian merchants, with assistance from
2559:
government responsibility for strategic planning and urban development, as well as liaising with the three constituent districts and monitoring the districts' development plans. Like other provinces, Kigali is divided into districts—Gasabo, Kicukiro, and
Nyarugenge—which are in turn divided into 35 sectors.
3321:
to invest in a programme of new peat-fired, hydroelectric, and methane power stations across Rwanda as well as the construction and repair of power lines. As of 2018, 82 per cent of Kigali's households had access to electricity, with the government targeting 100 per cent provision within seven years.
2655:
and engagement with schools, businesses, municipal government and social service providers. In its advice to overseas visitors, OSAC states that there is a "moderate risk from crime in Kigali", but notes that such crime is rarely violent. It cites pickpocketing and petty theft as the biggest concerns
1092:
and was the site of the original city founded by
Richard Kandt in 1907. The house that Kandt lived in is now the Kandt House Museum of Natural History. The CBD is situated towards the western edge of the built-up area, as the terrain to the east was more suitable for development of the expanding city
3307:
for cultivation and grazing, caused the two lakes' water levels to fall from 1990 onwards; by 2004 levels were reduced by 50 per cent, leading to a sharp drop in output from the power stations. Coupled with this, demand had been increasing since the 1980s as the economy grew, particularly in Kigali.
3191:
Car ownership in Kigali is low, with just six per cent of households possessing one as of 2011. Most residents therefore rely on public transport for journeys within the city and elsewhere. Historically most passenger journeys within Kigali were in minibuses, operating under a share taxi system with
2688:
Kigali was not historically the hub of Rwanda's cultural heritage. For example, the country's traditional dance, a choreographed routine consisting of three components, originated in the royal court at Nyanza. However, the capital is now home to many groups which perform the dance including the LEAF
2575:
system, with the electorate voting for delegates at the sub-sector village level, who go on to elect other delegates through each level of the administrative hierarchy. The mayor and two deputy mayors form the executive committee, which reports to the council and implements its decisions. As of 2023
2562:
From
January 2020 a new administrative system for Kigali was introduced, after a law was passed by the national parliament the previous year. Under the previous system, in effect since 2002, power was significantly devolved to the districts which were led by their own mayors, managing infrastructure
2509:
Industry in Kigali formed only 14 per cent of the city's GDP in 2014, focused on a small industrial zone set up in the 1970s. Challenges for the sector include the high cost of importing raw materials into a land-locked country, as well as substandard infrastructure and a lack of skilled workers. In
2992:
to insufficient numeracy and
English skills in primary-school finishers, cost, the need for children to contribute to household labour, and insufficient teaching resources. The city's three districts occupied the top positions in the national table of exam results at primary level in 2019, although
789:
When
Germany decided in 1907 to separate the administration of Rwanda from that of Burundi, Kandt was appointed as resident. He chose to make his headquarters in Kigali due to its central location in the country, and also because the site on Nyarugenge Hill afforded good views and security. Kandt's
3024:
On 14 September 2022, the government announced that, starting with the academic year 2022–2023, parents will no longer pay school fees for students in pre-primary and primary, however, they will contribute Rwf975 for school feeding program. This will help parents with limited means be able to send
2967:
In 2013 the government implemented significant changes in the country's public university system, intended to improve efficiency by removing duplicated courses of study and eliminating discrepancies in student assessment between the different schools. The previously independent Kigali institutions
2433:
of Rwanda, serving as the country's main port of entry and largest business centre. The NISR does not maintain detailed economic data for subnational entities in Rwanda, but economists have used various measures to estimate the city's output. A 2015 working paper by the World Bank Policy
Research
2514:
in Rwanda, the first of which was established in 2014 on Masoro Hill in Gasabo district, close to Kigali
International Airport. Companies operating within the zone benefit from good infrastructure, availability of land and transport links, as well as tax breaks. It attracted 61 businesses in its
2501:
The city's largest employment sector is agriculture, fishing and forestry, representing 24 per cent of the workforce. Farmland comprised over 60 per cent of the land within the city's boundaries in 2012, mostly in the outer areas surrounding the urban core. As is the case nationwide, much of the
2461:
put the figure at almost 62 per cent. Activity within the service sector includes retail, information technology, transport and hotels, and real estate. The city authorities have prioritised business services for expansion, constructing several modern buildings in the CBD such as the Kigali City
2368:
hypothesised that the high male-to-female ratio was due to a tendency for men to migrate to the city in search of work outside the agricultural sector, while their wives remained in a rural home. The population is young, with 73 per cent of residents being less than 30 years old, and 94 per cent
837:
at the start of the
Belgian administration. The famine, combined with the difficulty of governing the complex Rwandan society, prompted the Belgians to re-establish the German-style indirect rule at the end of 1917. Musinga was restored to his throne at Nyanza, with Kigali remaining home to the
3200:
are a very popular form of private-hire vehicle, with 10,486 drivers registered with cooperatives or syndicates in 2012, a figure which is likely an underestimate. The government has announced plans to replace the country's fleet of petrol-powered motorcycles with electric vehicles, and online
564:
extremists loyal to the interim government killing an estimated 800,000-1,000,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutu nationwide. The RPF resumed fighting, ending a cease-fire of more than a year. They gradually took control of most of the country and seized Kigali on 4 July 1994. Post-genocide Kigali has
3147:
since the 1994 genocide, with aid from the United States, European Union, Japan, China, and others. Kigali is the centre of the country's road network, with paved roads linking the city to most other major cities and towns in the country. It is also connected by road to other countries in the
2671:
states that fear of arrest serves as a deterrent for most such protests, and that the police often disperse protests even when they have official permission. Those gatherings which do take place are mostly peaceful and crime-free. OSAC's report assesses the city's terrorism risk as "minimal".
2558:
Kigali is a province-level city, one of the five provinces of Rwanda. The area under the city's jurisdiction has been expanded several times since
Rwandan independence, the current boundaries being established through a 2005 law as part of local-government restructuring. The law gave the city
933:
Since the war and genocide the city has experienced rapid population growth as a result of migration from other areas, as well as a high birth rate. Buildings that were heavily damaged during the fighting have been demolished, much of the city has been rebuilt, and modern office buildings and
2566:
The city council is composed of eleven individuals, down from 33 in the old system. Six of the council members are directly elected by the public, each district electing one man and one woman. The remaining five members are appointed by the president of Rwanda, subject to the approval of the
2356:
As of the 2012 Rwandan census, the population of Kigali was 1,132,686, of which 859,332 were urban residents. The population density was 1,552 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,020/sq mi). At the time of independence in 1962, Kigali had 6,000 inhabitants, consisting primarily of those
1005:, which occupies the northern half of the city's territory. The built-up urban area covers about 70 per cent of the municipal boundaries. Kigali lies in a region of rolling hills, with a series of valleys and ridges joined by steep slopes. It is situated between Mount Kigali and
2736:
music festival has been held annually in July or August. Artists from Rwanda and other countries perform music in a variety of styles including reggae and blues, with audiences of several thousands. Some of the musicians also give lessons to attendees during the festival. The
2925:
3283:, 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-east of Kigali, with construction beginning in 2017. It will become the country's largest when it opens, complementing the existing Kigali airport. The national carrier is RwandAir, and the country is served by seven foreign airlines.
3089:
in Gahanga, which opened in 2017. Rwanda's only golf course, the Kigali Golf Club, is based in Nyarutarama; as of 2020 it is being expanded to eighteen holes and hopes to attract regional tournaments in future. Seven of the sixteen teams in the association football
1260:: the major one from June to September, during which there is often no rain at all, and a shorter and less severe one from December to February. The wettest month is April, with an average rainfall of 154 millimetres (6.1 in), while the driest month is July.
2515:
first year of operation, manufacturing products such as paper and foam mattresses. As the zone grew over subsequent years, further businesses relocated there from other parts of the capital such as the Gikondo Industrial Park. The city sits close to deposits of
1180:, has been home to wealthy foreign residents and Rwandans since colonial times, with large houses and high-end restaurants. The residence of the Rwandan president is located in this area. The lower part of Kiyovu, north of the main road, consisted until 2008 of
874:
to commemorate Independence Day a few days earlier, and they began occupying government buildings from dawn on 4 July. Businesses closed for a few days, and troops patrolled across the city, but the coup was bloodless and life continued as normal, historian
2797:, during which the president lights a "flame of hope" and addresses the nation. This is followed by an official week of mourning and, on 4 July, the Liberation Day holiday. Along with the rest of Rwanda, the last Saturday of each month in Kigali is
3094:
are based in Kigali. Most of these do not have their own stadia and play fixtures at multiple venues including Amahoro Stadium, Nyamirambo Regional Stadium and various smaller grounds. The country's two most successful teams are based in the city:
1184:
that had formed after independence, when strict residence rules were relaxed. The houses in lower Kiyovu were expropriated by the government in 2008 with residents compensated or relocated to other areas, including to a purpose-built estate in the
2983:
In 2018 Kigali had 239 primary schools with 203,680 pupils enrolled, and 143 secondary schools with an enrolment of 60,997. The large rate of drop-out between primary and secondary, a phenomenon which occurs across Rwanda, is attributed by the
2774:, were set in the city but filmed in other countries. Several of the films featured survivors as cast members. Kigali also has a growing domestic film industry which began in the early 2000s with the Rwanda Film Centre, founded by journalist
3425:
is the most popular station in the country, with an audience share of 45.2 per cent, followed by TV1 with 9.3 per cent, and TV10 with 6.4 per cent. Rwanda TV was historically run by the government, but in 2013 it was transferred to the RBA.
494:, Kigali is a relatively new city. It has been Rwanda's economic, cultural, and transport hub since it was founded as an administrative outpost in 1907, and became the capital of the country at independence in 1962, shifting focus away from
3400:
There are a total of eleven different terrestrial television stations broadcast in Rwanda, ten of which are domestic. All of the ten domestic channels are headquartered in Kigali. These stations are provided by two organisations—the public
10409:
2599:
In addition to the city government, most Rwandan government offices are located in Kigali, particularly in the suburbs of Kacyiru and Kimihurura. This includes Village Urugwiro in Kacyiru, which is the office of the president, and the
5323:
710:
in the 16th century, but Ruganzu's son Cyilima I Rugwe fought back with help from Bugesera and was able to expand Rwanda's territory. In the late 16th or early 17th century, the kingdom of Rwanda was invaded from the north by the
5248:
3316:
north of the city; by 2006 these were providing 56 per cent of the country's electricity, but were very costly. Power outages remained a frequent occurrence in the late 2010s. This prompted the government and national supplier
5273:
2357:
associated with the Belgian colonial residency. It grew considerably after being named as the independent nation's capital, although it remained a relatively small city until the 1970s due to government policies restricting
2973:
584:—which historically had control of significant areas of local governance. Reforms in January 2020 transferred much of the districts' power to the city-wide council. The city also hosts the main residence and offices of the
1192:
The government has plans to create a new business district in lower Kiyovu to complement the existing CBD, although as of late 2017 there had been only a handful of buildings erected there. Other eastern suburbs include
1148:
described Nyamirambo in 2015 as "Kigali's coolest neighbourhood", citing its multi-cultural status and an active nightlife, which is not found in much of the rest of the city. North of Nyamirambo, and west of the CBD is
806:. Items traded included cloth and beads. Commercial activity was limited and there were only around 30 firms in the city by 1914. Kandt also opened government-run schools in Kigali, which began educating Tutsi students.
842:, now known as Bujumbura in Burundi. Usumbura's population exceeded 50,000 during the 1950s and was the mandate's only European-style city, while Kigali's population remained at around 6,000 until independence in 1962.
829:. In early 1917, Belgium attempted to assert direct rule on the mandate, placing King Musinga under arrest and sidelining Rwandans in the judiciary. In this period, Kigali was one of two provincial capitals, alongside
5298:
2592:, who had fought with the RPF during the Rwandan Civil War and was the first post-genocide mayor from 1994 to 1997. Day-to-day budget and staff management are the responsibility of a city manager, appointed by
3381:
1132:. This was the second part of the city to be settled, being built in the 1920s by the Belgian colonial government as a home for civil servants and Swahili traders. The latter group were mostly members of the
3236:
in Kenya. In 2019 the Rwanda–Uganda border was closed by the Rwandan government amid a diplomatic dispute over rebel groups and the treatment of Rwandan nationals in Uganda. Some travellers began using the
636:, most likely because the mountain itself was broad and wide, with the city later being named after the mountain. According to Rwandan oral history, the name originated in the 14th century. Rwandan scholar
11249:
10928:
1044:, which flows south from Lake Muhazi before flowing west between Mount Kigali and Mount Jali, and draining into the Nyabarongo. The Nyabugogo is fed by various smaller streams throughout the city, and its
517:, chose the site for his headquarters, citing its central location, views and security. Foreign merchants began to trade in the city during the German era, and Kandt opened some government-run schools for
833:. An agricultural-labour shortage caused by the recruitment of locals to assist the European armies during the war, the plundering of food by soldiers, and torrential rains which destroyed crops, led to
10989:
3631:, p. 19. Those based in Kigali are: Rwanda TV; Isango Star; Authentic TV; TV One and Radio One; TV7; Flash TV; Big Television Network; Contact TV; Goodrich TV; TV10. The sole overseas station is
3349:
and receives most of its funding from the government. UTH-K has 519 beds and employs 155 personnel. Founded in 1918, it is currently in Kigali CBD, but plans to relocate to a new larger site in the
2365:
3593:
Total GDP calculated as sum of Gasabo, Kicukiro and Nyarugenge districts: $ 925,037,044 + $ 537,601,961 + $ 371,304,245 = $ 1,833,943,250. Per-capita figure assumes a city population of 1,132,686.
1040:, forms the western and southern borders of the administrative city of Kigali, although this river lies somewhat outside the built-up urban area. The largest river running through the city is the
2945:
2998:
1229:, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the CBD on the eastern edge of the city, where Kigali International Airport is located. Kigali has been ranked the "cleanest city in Africa" in recent years.
6275:
2815:
am. All able-bodied people between 18 and 65 are expected to carry out community tasks such as cleaning streets or building homes for vulnerable people. Most normal services close down during
9305:
8357:
695:, around 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of modern Kigali. The early kingdom included Kigali but it was a small state at this point in its history with larger and more powerful neighbours,
2993:
this success was not replicated at secondary level in which rural districts were the top performers. The top-three performing individual secondary schools offering the Rwandan syllabus—
11386:
2470:, and has its own sites of interest such as the Kigali Genocide Memorial and ecotourist facilities, as well as bars, coffee shops and restaurants. Expansion of destinations by carrier
3345:
Rwanda has five national referral hospitals, of which four are located in Kigali. The largest of these is the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (UTH-K), which is governed by the
3002:
2778:. One of the centre's goals was to diversify the subjects covered by Rwandan films beyond the genocide theme, presenting other aspects of the country. In 2005, Kabera inaugurated the
2697:. Drummers play together in groups of varying sizes, usually between seven and nine in number. Traditional music and songs are performed in venues across the city by acts such as the
2782:
which takes place annually at venues in the capital and elsewhere, giving it the nickname "Hillywood", a portmanteau word combining Rwanda's nickname "land of a thousand hills" with
3366:
3429:
A number of radio stations also operate in Kigali, with transmitters located at Mount Jali and at Mount Rebero, the south of the city. The 2017 GeoPoll survey found that RBA-owned
2693:, a cultural troupe affiliated with the city government. Drums are of great importance in traditional Rwandan music; the royal drummers enjoyed high status within the court of the
11538:
9558:
9442:
7432:
2949:
2937:
719:. The king was forced to flee westward, leaving Kigali and eastern Rwanda in the hands of Bugesera and Gisaka. The formation of a new Rwandan dynasty in the 17th century by the
2539:
in the northern suburbs of Kigali, which was built in the 1980s and was able to produce up to 1,800 tonnes (1,800 long tons; 2,000 short tons) of pure tin per year as of 2019.
5881:
11601:
6153:
903:
553:
11521:
2628:(RNP). The city falls within RNP's central division, which is headed as of 2020 by Assistant Commissioner of Police Felly Rutagerura Bahizi. The United States government's
675:
hunter-gatherers who settled the area between 8000 and 3000 BC and remain in the country today. They were followed between 700 BC and AD 1500 by a number of
7463:
5786:
3402:
9225:
10426:
8074:
7218:
3362:
3413:
in the Kigali area, one on Mount Jali, and one in Gasabo. In addition to the terrestrial channels, StarTimes also run a pay TV service along with two other networks,
727:, followed by eastward invasions and the conquest of Bugesera, marked the beginning of the Rwandan kingdom's dominance in the area. The capital of the kingdom was at
3192:
sixteen passengers per bus. In the 2010s these were phased out in many areas of the city, in favour of larger buses, some of which permit cashless payment through a
2929:
11099:
11225:
4172:
3220:
International coaches run from Nyabugogo to other destinations in East Africa. Until 2019, this included the Ugandan capital Kampala, which was reached either via
3014:
2453:
In 2013, the economy was reported to be dependent on foreign aid and illegal resource extraction from the DRC. The largest contributor to Kigali's economy is the
11256:
6612:
3241:
border crossing to reach Kampala via Tanzania, a much longer journey. As of 2020 Rwanda has no railways, but the government has agreed with Tanzania to construct
1137:
1102:
6587:
5764:
3465:
2964:'s college of engineering. As of 2018, there were a total of 50,594 students enrolled at tertiary institutions in Kigali, with a total of 28 separate campuses.
10996:
4011:
3005:—were all in Kigali, however. The city also has a number of private schools, which target wealthy Rwandans and expatriates, including the Green Hills Academy,
2738:
2535:, a similar distance away. Much of the raw mineral is exported out of Rwanda for processing, but there are some local processing facilities. This includes the
437:
2571:. Each council member serves for a renewable five-year term. The executive branch of the city government is headed by the mayor, who is elected via a complex
2577:
1098:
262:
3107:
play their home games in Kigali, with venues including Club Rafiki and the Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Kigali, as well as the Amahoro Stadium's
2384:
attribute the gains in HDI seen across Rwanda as a whole to a "strong focus on homegrown policies and initiatives", which have accompanied economic growth.
10929:"Performance audit report on procurement and management of drugs and medical supplies and its impact on health care at University Teaching Hospital-Kigali"
696:
4525:
902:
was established in the city, and the RPF were granted use of a building in the city for their diplomats and soldiers. In April 1994 President Habyarimana
3414:
4452:
11787:
4926:
3434:
2466:, including leisure tourism, conferences and exhibitions. Kigali is the major arrival point for tourists visiting Rwanda's national parks and tracking
1122:
707:
8526:
6907:
6264:
5193:
2387:
As with Rwanda as a whole, Christianity is the dominant religion in Kigali. In the 2012 census, 42.1 per cent of the city's inhabitants identified as
7530:
3304:
2708:
Rwanda and Kigali have a growing popular music industry, influenced by African Great Lakes, Congolese, and American music. The most popular genre is
2702:
2585:
1252:
The city has an average daily temperature range between 15 and 27 °C (59 and 81 °F), with little variation through the year. There are two
1089:
1041:
641:
9169:
4497:
10410:"Bright Lights, Big Cities: Measuring National and Subnational Economic Growth in Africa from Outer Space, with an Application to Kenya and Rwanda"
9313:
8361:
8078:
3714:
10427:"Reshaping urbanization in Rwanda: economic and spatial trends and proposals – note 1: urbanization and the evolution of Rwanda's urban landscape"
4965:
11371:
8472:
2928:, which was founded in 1976, but the city did not become a major centre of learning until the second half of the 1990s. At that time, the public
2698:
2334:
1796:
1097:, are located in the CBD, as are the headquarters of the country's largest banks and businesses. Other buildings in the CBD include the upmarket
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186:
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Kigali was awarded hosting of the 2025 UCI Road World Championships, marking the first time the organisation's flagship event visits Africa.
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is more prevalent in Kigali than elsewhere in Rwanda, with 5.7 per cent of people following the faith compared with 2.0 per cent nationwide.
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1218:
1153:. Situated at the lowest part of the city, in the valley of the eponymous Nyabugogo River, Nyabugogo is home to Kigali's principal bus and
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899:
490:. It is near the nation's geographic centre in a region of rolling hills, with a series of valleys and ridges joined by steep slopes. As a
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is a 10,000-capacity indoor arena next to Amahoro Stadium, which opened in 2019. The arena hosts sports such as basketball, including the
2667:, with protests and demonstrations allowed with a permit, such gatherings in Rwanda are rare. The US political freedom research institute
883:
diplomatic cable sent shortly afterwards, the disruption following the coup was short-lived and the army had left the streets by 11 July.
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provided 90 per cent of Rwanda's electricity. A combination of below average rainfall and human activity, including the draining of the
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1114:
1052:, which act as a water store and flood protection for the city, although these are under threat from agriculture and development. The "
1048:
contains most of Kigali's territory, other than areas in the south which outflow directly to the Nyabarongo. The rivers are flanked by
3392:
were piloted in 1999, and were made available nationwide by the mid-2000s, with the assistance of international development partners.
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3373:, Masaka, and Kacyiru. In 2021, a new 300-bed hospital opened in Nyarugenge district, designated as a specialist referral centre for
1194:
8686:
7926:
7137:
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3418:
1173:
700:
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12552:
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11452:
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9681:
9033:
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640:, who did extensive research into the country's oral history and traditions, wrote that the name Kigali came into use after King
9283:
8255:
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600:. Attracting international visitors is a priority for city authorities, including leisure tourism, conferences and exhibitions.
12427:
11780:
8304:
6855:
3104:
3037:, in the Remera area of the city, which was built in the 1980s and has a capacity of 30,000. The stadium is used primarily for
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1110:
938:
have accused the government of removing poor people and children from the city's streets and moving them to detention centres.
108:
Top: Panoramic view of Kigali; Middle: Kigali Convention Center, Kigali CBD; Bottom: Gorilla monument and Kigali City Council,
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for foreigners within the city. Rwanda as a whole has lower crime rates than other countries in East Africa. In 2014–15, the
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748:
5020:
10609:
6885:
6812:
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In 2003–04, the national electricity company was forced to reduce output from the power stations, necessitating widespread
3267:(KIA), in the eastern suburb of Kanombe, is the nation's and the city's principal airport. The busiest routes are those to
759:
514:
9143:
8982:
7731:
11106:
10231:
9309:
8606:
7308:
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3065:, as well as concerts and public events. The Amahoro complex includes an indoor venue, commonly known by the French name
522:
9196:
8196:
4176:
894:(RPF) did come close to attacking the city in February 1993. In December of the same year, following the signing of the
7058:
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2629:
810:
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7896:
11773:
11632:
11170:
10034:
8170:
5702:
5673:
4605:
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2458:
880:
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1013:, while the lowest areas of the city have an altitude of 1,300 m (4,265 ft). Geologically, Kigali is in a
644:
completed a conquest of the area. The legend states that Rugwe viewed the territory from the top of a hill and said
12141:
12015:
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11308:
10107:
8136:
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introduced in 2006 as part of a restructuring of local government in the country. The city has boundaries with the
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2660:
was 2.52 in the country, compared with 11.52 for Uganda, 6.95 for Tanzania, 4.79 for Kenya, and 4.52 for Burundi.
1238:
533:. Kigali remained the seat of colonial administration for Rwanda but Ruanda-Urundi's capital was at Usumbura (now
11565:
8801:
7704:
4820:
3254:
3050:
1093:
than the high slopes of Mount Kigali to the west. Several of Rwanda's tallest buildings, including the 20-storey
153:
123:
17:
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10130:
5404:
11442:
11376:
10948:
10803:
10776:
4927:""Why Not Call This Place a Prison?" – Unlawful Detention and Ill-Treatment in Rwanda's Gikondo Transit Center"
4535:
3334:
3280:
3010:
2985:
2454:
1249:) zone, with temperatures that are cooler than typical for equatorial countries because of its high elevation.
1176:
is the closest, on the eastern slopes of Nyarugenge Hill. The higher part of Kiyovu, to the south of main road
593:
9387:
8661:
6297:
3326:, with only between 2 and 4 per cent of households in the three districts relying on off-grid access in 2020.
3081:
tournament, as well as handball, volleyball, and tennis. Other venues in the city include the 22,000-capacity
863:
11457:
11417:
10235:
9615:
7080:
4869:
3354:
3272:
3232:. The journey via Gatuna on the overnight service takes around ten hours. Some Kampala services continued to
3042:
2941:
2921:
774:, and Germany established a presence in the country in 1897 with the formation of an alliance with the king,
12456:
11396:
9584:
3441:
with 7.3 per cent. All three of these are based in Kigali. Various overseas radio stations are broadcast on
12593:
12557:
11721:
11625:
11447:
9873:
8610:
8330:
6936:
4601:
3614:). The remaining ten teams all play games at Kigali venues Club Rafiki, Kigali Arena, NPC, Amahoro stadium
3264:
2601:
907:
537:) in Burundi and Kigali remained a small city with a population of just 6,000 at the time of independence.
2856:
or fish. Cassava leaves are often combined with onions and other ingredients to make a stew dish known as
2407:
form 1.2 per cent and other faiths 0.3 per cent, while those who profess no religion number 3.0 per cent.
12583:
11489:
10466:
8928:
8281:
3747:
3346:
3082:
3054:
3018:
2495:
11533:
11195:
Education in Rwanda: Rebalancing Resources to Accelerate Post-conflict Development and Poverty Reduction
7636:
3209:
operate in some areas of the city, being reintroduced in 2014 after a period in which they were banned.
1106:
97:
12413:
8140:
7851:
7534:
7187:
6340:
5348:
3358:
3323:
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2924:(UNR), were all located in the southern city. The first higher-education institution in Kigali was the
2641:
guidebook describes it as "a genuine contender for the safest capital in Africa", while Bert Archer of
2457:. The World Bank estimates that services contributed 53 per cent of GDP in 2014, while a 2012 study by
970:
10664:
The Emerging Data Revolution in Africa: Strengthening the Statistics, Policy and Decision-making Chain
8721:
6760:
6209:
5490:
973:(UTC+02:00) throughout the year. The city is coterminous with the province of Kigali, one of the five
12399:
11674:
11669:
11177:
9747:
7245:
5742:
4691:
Guichaoua, André (2020). "Counting the Rwandan Victims of War and Genocide: Concluding Reflections".
3482:
2917:
2790:
2783:
1265:
1077:
986:
978:
927:
822:
791:
10885:
Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012: Socio-cultural characteristics of the population
9923:
2968:
KHI, KIST, KIE and SFB were merged with three others from outside the city—the UNR, Nyagatare-based
11909:
11679:
11659:
11560:
10281:
7398:
6393:
5577:
3900:
3533:
3528:
2593:
2581:
2491:
2479:
2475:
2463:
2439:
1242:
1206:
982:
11366:
11016:
6454:
6363:
3006:
12080:
11500:
10861:
8232:
6301:
3250:
2377:
1118:
923:
895:
891:
545:
425:
7240:
5573:
2848:(manioc). These staple foods are also served in restaurants across the city, often as part of a
12257:
11193:
10352:
10082:
9589:
9419:
9392:
9261:
9256:
9120:
9091:
9063:
9009:
8959:
8863:
8766:
8445:
8416:
8335:
8025:
7998:
7826:
7799:
7641:
7507:
7368:
7341:
7273:
7110:
7024:
6998:
6969:
6941:
6677:
6513:
6482:
6240:
5843:
5609:
5551:
5523:
5467:
5436:
5382:
5226:
4430:
4405:. Infor Congo (Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi Information and Public Relations Office). 1958.
4150:
4099:
4046:
3782:
3459:
3410:
3369:. In addition to the national hospitals, the city also contains three provincial hospitals, at
3149:
3086:
2957:
2864:
are the most popular food when eating out in the evening, usually made from goat but sometimes
2647:
2625:
2435:
2404:
1010:
589:
540:
Kigali grew slowly during the following decades. It was not initially directly affected by the
10683:
10470:
10417:
10388:
9952:
9443:"Electricity access in Rwanda quadrupled in the last 7 years as more households get connected"
8174:
7390:
7133:
6389:
2948:(UNILAK). Further institutions were added in Kigali in the 21st century, including the public
549:
11942:
11575:
11058:
11037:
10970:
10838:
10796:
10662:
9233:
7336:
7158:
6964:
6418:
6012:
5669:
3091:
2511:
2503:
1226:
965:
Kigali is located in the centre of Rwanda, at 1°57′S 30°4′E. Like the rest of Rwanda it uses
109:
9226:"RwandAir plans further regional expansion in 2015 and launch of long-haul services in 2017"
3279:
near Cyangugu. With capacity for growth at KIA limited, the government commissioned the new
3045:
home games as well as domestic fixtures. It was one of four stadia used for fixtures in the
2868:, beef or fish. The city has restaurants serving dishes from outside the country, including
2689:
community arts troupe, whose founding members were eighteen homeless orphaned children, and
2434:
unit used the amount of light visible at night in different regions as a proxy for relative
946:
867:
596:, but a significant proportion of the population works in agriculture including small-scale
12484:
11570:
11422:
11412:
11301:
10448:
Rwanda Before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era
7930:
7900:
7773:
5110:
4824:
3739:
3523:
3038:
2977:
2953:
2905:
2779:
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2568:
1256:
annually, from February to June and from September to December. These are separated by two
468:
380:
11152:
Friends and Foes Volume II: Friendship and Conflict from Social and Political Perspectives
9559:"D&B Business Directory: The University Teaching Hospital of Kigali – Company Profile"
8581:
6994:
4717:
500,000–800,000 is the range of scholarly estimates listed on the third page of the paper.
851:
754:
The founding of Kigali is generally dated to 1907, when German administrator and explorer
8:
11806:
11648:
11343:
11325:
9658:
9562:
9472:
9446:
7934:
7364:
6270:
6213:
5495:
3318:
3144:
2969:
2664:
994:
990:
974:
966:
597:
585:
581:
569:
479:
403:
392:
370:
236:
11689:
11596:
10425:
Bundervoet, Tom; Parby, Jonas Ingemann; Nakamura, Shohei; Choi, Narae (December 2017).
10375:
9844:
6186:
6037:
4930:
4708:
4562:
4502:
3718:
3291:
Kigali's electricity supply was, until the early 2000s, generated almost entirely from
2913:
2752:
2652:
2588:, who held the post from 1975 to 1990 under the presidency of Juvénal Habyarimana, and
1157:
station, with vehicles departing for numerous domestic and international destinations.
1057:
935:
911:
794:(CBD), was the first European-style house in the city, and remains in use today as the
783:
771:
657:
506:
11391:
7994:"National exams: Kigali dominates in primary as rural schools dominate in high school"
4992:
4651:
1264:
has caused a change in the pattern of the rainy seasons. According to a report by the
72:
12207:
11555:
11338:
11211:
11156:
11135:
11085:
11064:
11043:
11022:
10955:
10914:
10824:
10755:
10731:
10710:
10689:
10668:
10647:
10626:
10605:
10584:
10565:
10555:
10541:
10534:
10518:
10497:
10476:
10452:
10413:
10394:
10379:
10337:
10316:
10295:
10267:
9739:
9147:
7664:
7572:
7433:"Flashback to terror: Survivors of Rwandan genocide watch screening of Shooting Dogs"
6508:
6414:
5063:
4712:
4406:
3518:
3177:
3100:
2804:
2572:
2420:
1094:
998:
887:
767:
688:
577:
541:
502:
10904:
8614:
6859:
4012:"Kigali city guide: where to eat, drink, shop and stay in Rwanda's charming capital"
3168:; the most important trade route for imports and exports is the road to the port of
3013:. These schools, which charge high fees, offer international programmes such as the
876:
11606:
11203:
10514:
Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
10367:
10205:
8902:
8829:
8110:
7191:
4727:
4700:
4567:
3904:
3450:
3339:
3313:
2912:
In colonial and pre-genocide Rwanda, Butare was the country's principal centre for
2744:
A number of films about the Rwandan genocide have been filmed in Kigali, including
2536:
2467:
2430:
1198:
1053:
1033:
919:
818:
724:
557:
8450:
8049:
7663:
Gaidashova, Svetlana; Okech, Suleman; Gold, C. S.; Nyagahungu, I. (January 2005).
4704:
3602:
From. Four teams play home games outside Kigali: RP-IPRC Huye BBC and UR BBC-MEN (
1181:
854:
in 1962. Two other cities were considered: Nyanza, as the traditional seat of the
12578:
12292:
11981:
11516:
11333:
11294:
11150:
11129:
11079:
10908:
10749:
10745:
10725:
10704:
10641:
10620:
10599:
10559:
10512:
10491:
10446:
10331:
10310:
10289:
10261:
10077:
9414:
9174:
9115:
9004:
8954:
8761:
8531:
8411:
8105:
8020:
7822:
7502:
7468:
7464:"Welcome to Hillywood: how Rwanda's film industry emerged from genocide's shadow"
7437:
7268:
7105:
7019:
6912:
6448:
6158:
5198:
5024:
4970:
4902:"Kigali's future or costly fantasy? Plan to reshape Rwandan city divides opinion"
4402:
4094:
4016:
3666:
3538:
3442:
3276:
3197:
3078:
3034:
2881:
2869:
2823:
2605:
2531:, around 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Kigali, while tungsten is mined at
2462:
Tower. Attracting international visitors is a priority for both the city and the
2400:
1136:
faith, which led to Nyamirambo being known as the "Muslim Quarter". Nyamirambo's
1018:
1002:
871:
834:
739:
668:
573:
11765:
10038:
9468:
9086:
9058:
7794:
6881:
6808:
6782:
6477:
5604:
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5518:
5462:
5431:
5377:
5221:
4425:
4041:
3777:
3632:
3212:
1128:
To the south west of the CBD, and also on the Nyarugenge Hill, is the suburb of
12462:
10990:"List of FM and TV stations operating in Rwanda and their approximate coverage"
9536:
8554:
8498:
5787:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Kigali Aero"
4879:
4874:
4145:
3454:
3433:
was the most popular, with 38.6 per cent of the national audience, followed by
3350:
2900:
2877:
2873:
2837:
1810:
1261:
1202:
1045:
886:
Kigali was not directly affected during the first three years of the 1990–1994
803:
775:
728:
79:
10751:
When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda
10371:
6646:
6536:
2624:
In common with the rest of the country, policing in Kigali is provided by the
866:, in which minister of defence Juvénal Habyarimana overthrew ruling president
12572:
12451:
11931:
11745:
11732:
11250:"Maintenance of Hydropower Potential in Rwanda Through Ecosystem Restoration"
9743:
7709:
7162:
6537:"Cassiterite from Nyamiumba Mine, Rutongo area, Kigali City Province, Rwanda"
6076:
6074:
6072:
6070:
5838:
5698:
4457:
4410:
3510:
3490:
3486:
3292:
3258:
2758:
2668:
2637:
2483:
2388:
2213:
1675:
826:
755:
744:
687:, who began clearing forests for agriculture. According to oral history, the
676:
672:
637:
530:
510:
201:
188:
10995:. Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority (RURA). 30 July 2018. Archived from
8701:
8144:
6265:"We have 18 months to save world, Prince Charles warns Commonwealth leaders"
3103:, who won nine in the same period. As of 2020, ten of the fourteen teams in
2635:
Despite this, Kigali has a reputation for being a relatively safe city. The
2547:
2494:, and national leaders, having been postponed from June 2020 as a result of
1056:" is a restored marshland in Kigali that serves as a shelter for vulnerable
12509:
12431:
12422:
12352:
12314:
12027:
11871:
11796:
8225:"Working as a team is a key for a new committee to be successfull [
7904:
7313:
5408:
3430:
3309:
3300:
3135:
3112:
3074:
2853:
2841:
2770:
2415:
2358:
1169:
1145:
959:
633:
491:
299:
275:
46:
11207:
6154:"Kigali steadily grows as a hub for meetings, conferences and exhibitions"
6093:
6091:
6089:
6067:
5765:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Kigali"
1009:, both of which have elevations of more than 1,800 m (5,906 ft)
12524:
12347:
12097:
11937:
11849:
11699:
11125:
6734:"Kigali City Gets Acting Mayor As Government Begins Implementing New Law"
5875:"State of the Art Report for RurbanAfrica, Work Package 3: City Dynamics"
5327:
5302:
5277:
5252:
3296:
3058:
2904:
Pupils at Kagugu Primary School in Kigali, using laptops provided by the
2889:
2827:
2775:
2589:
2516:
2396:
1214:
1210:
1081:
814:
692:
617:
90:
9636:
4403:"Ruanda Urundi / Preface by Jean-Paul Horroy, governor of Ruanda-Urundi"
3275:, which serves Kampala; there is one domestic route, between Kigali and
2482:'s 2014 Annual General Assembly, and a 2018 extraordinary summit of the
1144:) is the oldest mosque in Kigali, dating to the 1930s. Travel publisher
509:
in the beginning of the 20th century, the city was founded in 1907 when
12489:
12385:
12369:
12358:
12341:
12336:
12218:
12147:
12072:
11920:
11876:
11232:
11199:
11149:
Watson, Graeme; Renzi, Barbara Gabriella; Viggiani, Elisabetta (2010).
10353:"Rwanda's involvement in Eastern DRC: A criminal real options approach"
9814:
9345:
9343:
8665:
8640:
8585:
7084:
6565:
6540:
6236:"2018 in review: Rwanda on track to become a meetings, conferences hub"
6086:
6041:
4530:
3667:"Population of Rwanda according to the population and housing censuses"
3193:
3116:
3070:
2680:
2642:
2616:
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1154:
1129:
1037:
879:
describing the reaction as "widespread popular relief". According to a
408:
366:
329:
318:
12533:
11617:
9367:
9355:
8224:
8106:"Uganda/Zimbabwe: Zambia to Face Zimbabwe, Uganda At Umuganda Stadium"
6561:
4828:
3493:
and is routinely censored or forced to self-censor by the government.
2348:
1168:
The remainder of Kigali's suburbs lie to the east of the CBD, with an
548:(RPF), which began in 1990. However, in April 1994 Rwanda's President
12408:
12363:
12270:
12243:
10949:"Youth development success amongst motorcycle taxi drivers in Kigali"
8806:
8201:
8122:
6336:"Rwanda's agricultural revolution is not the success it claims to be"
3607:
3406:
3229:
3206:
3183:
2926:
Institut Africain et Mauricien de statistique et d'économie appliquée
2861:
2729:
2713:
2445:
2392:
1022:
915:
779:
534:
415:
361:
10177:
9789:
9340:
9328:
7269:"Five teams set for EAC Local Authorities Sports and Cultural Games"
6704:"New Kigali City Structure: Districts Lose Budgeting, Planning Role"
6645:. Ministry of Local Government (Rwanda). August 2007. Archived from
3867:
3865:
3863:
2741:, held in September, features music as well as dance and local art.
817:, with Kigali being captured by the Northern Brigade led by Colonel
603:
588:
and most government ministries. The largest contributor to Kigali's
565:
experienced rapid population growth, with much of the city rebuilt.
12538:
12495:
12394:
12281:
12261:
12158:
12136:
12114:
12067:
12060:
12038:
12033:
12022:
12010:
12004:
11997:
11986:
11854:
11580:
11105:. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 2015. Archived from
10209:
9869:
9728:"Sharing the burden of sickness: mutual health insurance in Rwanda"
8834:
5693:
5691:
5353:
5115:
4997:
4732:
4656:
3611:
3543:
3446:
3374:
3357:, which was constructed in the late 1980s with assistance from the
3153:
2799:
2793:
observed every year on 7 April, the Kigali Genocide Memorial hosts
2524:
2471:
1160:
1026:
1014:
839:
474:
7732:"Item 1 – Institut Pédagogique National du Rwanda, Butaré (RWA.2)"
7549:
3201:
booking and metering has been rolled out for both motorcycles and
3111:
and the Kigali Arena. This includes the two most successful clubs
572:, with boundaries set in 2006. It is divided into three districts—
12519:
12500:
12478:
12445:
12303:
12297:
12286:
12275:
12252:
12238:
12229:
12103:
12049:
11975:
11959:
11887:
11865:
11860:
11832:
10601:
A History of Rwandan Identity and Trauma: The Mythmakers' Victims
8473:"Gary Player Design completely revamps Kigali course to 18 holes"
7686:
7684:
7682:
6509:"Kigali Special Economic Zone impacts Rwanda's industrial growth"
3860:
3584:, p. 64: Sum of columns up to 45–49, and divide by 1,132,686
3233:
3202:
3173:
3169:
2845:
2832:
2709:
2528:
2364:
As of the 2012 census, 51.7 per cent of residents were male. The
1049:
830:
799:
763:
712:
526:
61:
12169:
11281:
9682:"Nyarugenge Hospital Opens To Serve As COVID-19 Referral Centre"
9306:"New Bugesera International Airport construction works kick-off"
9034:"After Kagame Intervention Bicycle Taxis Generate Rwf3.6Billion"
8983:""YEGO Cab" – A New 'Low Cost' Taxi- Service Launched In Kigali"
8830:"Could cashless payments make Rwanda's bus conductor redundant?"
7606:
7604:
7602:
5688:
2920:, founded in 1936, and three 1960s establishments including the
1068:
12325:
12224:
12213:
12202:
12196:
12191:
12185:
12180:
12163:
12130:
12108:
12055:
12044:
11992:
11964:
11926:
11915:
11904:
11893:
11882:
10780:
8859:"Featured: Navigating the new Tap & Go System step by step"
8305:"Now President Kagame Wishes Kigali Arena Had 20, 000 Capacity"
7735:
7531:"Rwandan genocide commemorations dampened by Covid-19 lockdown"
4095:"The story of Kandt and how Kigali came to be the capital city"
3990:
3988:
3951:
3949:
3603:
3225:
3221:
3205:
in recent years, such as Yego Cab and Move Ride by Volkswagen.
3165:
3096:
2989:
2786:. The term is also used for Rwanda's film industry in general.
2725:
1222:
954:
859:
716:
495:
487:
448:
398:
351:
229:
11706:
10408:
Bundervoet, Tom; Maiyo, Laban; Sanghi, Apurva (October 2015).
10351:
Cassimon, Danny; Engelen, Peter-Jan; Reyntjens, Filip (2013).
9764:
9415:"Kigali to enjoy uninterrupted electricity supply – REG chief"
7877:
7847:
7679:
7483:
6835:"Dusengiyumva Samuel sworn in as the new City of Kigali Mayor"
6115:
5882:
UCPH Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management
4226:
4224:
12473:
12467:
12440:
12380:
12374:
12330:
12308:
12152:
12119:
11970:
11953:
11948:
11843:
11838:
11827:
10770:"Understanding Dropout and Repetition in Rwanda: Full Report"
10536:
Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda
8559:
8503:
8050:"Rwanda: Govt Scraps Tuition Fees for Public Primary Schools"
7973:
7795:"The Sun is rising at Kigali's School of Finance and Banking"
7662:
7599:
5194:"Kigali businesses brace for residential to city centre move"
4308:
3246:
3157:
2865:
2721:
1133:
684:
518:
10561:
Defeat is the only bad news: Rwanda under Musinga, 1896–1931
10280:
8707:
7288:
5491:"Kigali: how creativity has transformed the Rwandan capital"
4361:
4359:
3985:
3946:
3457:. A number of newspapers are published in Kigali, including
3353:
area of the city. The other national referral hospitals are
3099:, who won eighteen championships between 1969 and 2020, and
2490:
was held in the city in June 2022, with attendees including
632:, which means wide or broad. This was originally applied to
12319:
12174:
12092:
11898:
11602:
Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira
10424:
10285:
10050:
10006:
9611:
8360:. Rwanda Housing Authority. 17 January 2019. Archived from
7961:
7949:
6444:"Businesses relocate to Rwanda's new Special Economic Zone"
6080:
6016:
4748:
4320:
4284:
4248:
4221:
3161:
2684:
Traditional dancers at Gasogi village in the east of Kigali
2645:
described it as "clean and safe". In a 2015 interview with
680:
561:
483:
340:
10622:
In and Out of Focus: Images from Central Africa, 1885–1960
9994:
M. Peace Plaza building where Goodrich TV is headquartered
8167:"Orange African Nations Championship, Rwanda 2016: Venues"
6989:
6987:
5645:"The transformation of Kigali into Africa's cleanest city"
5624:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4062:
3973:
3936:
3934:
3021:
which enable students to study at universities worldwide.
2852:, a self-service buffet meal which can also include meat,
821:
on 6 May 1916. The Belgians were granted sovereignty by a
11286:
10934:. Office of the Auditor General, Rwanda (OAG). April 2016
10685:
Mapping research and innovation in the Republic of Rwanda
9927:
8412:"Thousands to grace Gahanga Cricket Stadium inauguration"
6666:
6664:
6588:"Despite pressure, govt will not ban raw mineral exports"
6103:
5962:
5938:
5222:"Tourism and hospitality establishments get star grading"
4356:
4332:
4296:
3119:, who have won five and four league titles respectively.
2717:
2520:
10819:
Munyakazi, Augustine; Ntagaramba, Johnson Funga (2005).
10493:
The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History
9639:. Rwanda Medical & Dental Council. 12 September 2018
8802:"Bus modernisation drives Kigali residents to 'despair'"
8687:"UCI Road World Championships heading to Rwanda in 2025"
7750:
7457:
7455:
7020:"Road safety campaign taken to commercial motorcyclists"
4272:
4260:
3015:
International General Certificate of Secondary Education
2940:(KIE) were founded, along with private universities the
667:
The earliest inhabitants of what is now Rwanda were the
8197:"DR Congo win second CHAN title with 3–0 win over Mali"
7865:
7616:
7587:
6984:
6783:"Responsibilities of the Council of the City of Kigali"
6697:
6695:
6562:"Nyakabingo Mine, Kigali, Kigali City Province, Rwanda"
5950:
5808:
5806:
5804:
4848:
4846:
4801:
4784:
4772:
4760:
4672:
4632:
4383:
4211:
4209:
4196:
4194:
3931:
3826:
3824:
3143:
The Rwandan government has increased investment in the
11247:
10976:. Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA). 2013
10971:"Kigali: State of Environment and Outlook Report 2013"
10057:
9585:"Construction of new $ 100m hospital to start in 2020"
9373:
9361:
9349:
9334:
9005:"City, Traffic Police finally give way to cycle-taxis"
8878:
8744:
8742:
7219:
United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa
6661:
6147:
6145:
6132:
6130:
5995:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5928:
5926:
4620:
3463:, the country's largest English-language publication,
2956:, as well as branches of foreign universities such as
2826:. For those reliant on subsistence agriculture, local
11171:"Primary Health Care Systems: Case study from Rwanda"
10709:(illustrated ed.). Manchester University Press.
10407:
10153:"102.3 KISS FM – Kigali's Number 1 Hit Music Station"
10152:
10078:"Azam TV entry to intensify rivalry in pay TV market"
9857:
In addition to its editorial staff based in Kigali...
9827:
Zion Temple Celebration Center Kicukiro Gatenga Ngoma
9220:
9218:
9170:"A Rwandan's long journey to Uganda through Tanzania"
8899:"Rwanda Encourages Youth to Use Electric Motorcycles"
7769:
7452:
7412:
6097:
5901:
5899:
5779:
5581:
4652:"Hutus 'killed Rwanda President Juvenal Habyarimana'"
4582:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4344:
3877:
3836:
3809:
11063:(illustrated ed.). Twenty-First Century Books.
9898:
9492:
9490:
8929:"Volkswagen Launches Ride Hailing Service In Rwanda"
8441:"Could golf be the new tourism frontier for Rwanda?"
8358:"Construction of modern multi-sport arena kicks-off"
6692:
5818:
5801:
5605:"Rwanda Golf Union building new luxury country club"
5175:
5173:
5160:
5158:
5081:
5079:
4843:
4236:
4206:
4191:
4114:
4074:
3961:
3848:
3821:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3500:
3421:. A 2017 survey by research firm GeoPoll found that
3312:. As an emergency measure, the government installed
2974:
Higher Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
706:
A member of the Gisaka dynasty killed Rwanda's king
11148:
10818:
9978:"Kagame intervenes in female employee assault case"
9708:
9696:
8782:
8739:
8381:
8379:
7555:
6728:
6726:
6724:
6478:"Kigali Special Economic Zone ready, official says"
6316:
6142:
6127:
6055:
5986:
5974:
5923:
5911:
5716:
5039:
4966:"South Sudan switches to new time zone in February"
4558:"Military Coup in Rwanda Follows Tribal Dissension"
4371:
3919:
3871:
3797:
11131:Antecedents to Modern Rwanda: The Nyiginya Kingdom
10533:
9502:
9215:
9197:"What Is Happening With The Isaka-Kigali Railway?"
8762:"Kigali roads expansion project starts in January"
6673:"Kigali City starts operating under new structure"
6453:
6263:
5896:
4945:
4472:
4005:
4003:
3322:Most of these households are supplied by Rwanda's
2658:number of intentional homicides per 100,000 people
11795:
9514:
9487:
9144:"Will Kagame and Museveni resolve their dispute?"
9059:"A Visit to Mfashumwana a.k.a. Kyererezi Village"
8256:"Rwanda set to renovate Amahoro National Stadium"
7309:"Rwanda reborn: Kigali's culture, heart and soul"
5789:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
5767:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
5456:
5454:
5170:
5155:
5143:
5131:
5091:
5076:
4863:
4861:
3685:
3249:, where passengers could connect with either the
870:. Military officers had gathered in Kigali for a
691:was founded in the 14th century on the shores of
627:
621:
12570:
11018:A Military History of Africa [3 volumes]
8376:
8097:
8079:China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation
8021:"The era of elite international schools is here"
6900:
6721:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5861:
4498:"Rwanda Coup Traced to Area Rivalry and Poverty"
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4129:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3571:, p. 6: 586,123 / 1,132,686 = 51.7 per cent
3160:, as well as to the eastern Congolese cities of
2352:The Green Mosque (Masjid-al-Fatah) in Nyamirambo
10350:
10253:
7637:"The significance & evolution of Ikivuguto"
7215:"APF Rwanda participants enjoy cultural dinner"
6937:"Kagame receives credentials for 10 new envoys"
6121:
5463:"The Post-Kiyovu symmetry: A critical analysis"
4000:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3481:. According to international observers such as
2510:2011, the parliament passed a law establishing
12553:An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation
10682:Lemarchand, Guillermo A.; Tash, April (2015).
10681:
10386:
10131:"Rwanda's state broadcaster to go independent"
9388:"Rwf17.6 billion power substation inaugurated"
8896:
7883:
7503:"Hillywood: Telling the Rwandan story on film"
7489:
6390:"Investment opportunities: Financial services"
5451:
4858:
3139:Dual carriageway on the approach to Kigali CBD
743:Kigali's first European-style house built for
648:, which translates to "this country is vast".
11781:
11633:
11302:
10913:(2nd ed.). Fountain Publishers Limited.
10839:"Population size, structure and distribution"
10768:
9759:
9757:
9531:
9529:
9116:"Who cares for East Africa's road travelers?"
9053:
9051:
8662:"Espoir BBC Kigali basketball team – History"
8527:"Rwanda's Rayon Sport aiming for top honours"
8282:"Amahoro Stadium to be revamped and expanded"
7979:
6670:
6643:"Rwanda Decentralization Strategic Framework"
5858:
4126:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3654:
3382:Twubakane Decentralisation and Health Project
2620:Rwanda National Police car on a Kigali street
2478:has attracted events to Kigali including the
1213:, an affluent suburb housing the city's only
607:Kigali metal word in the Kigali Car-free Zone
12086:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
10702:
10309:Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis (2010).
10200:
10198:
9940:KN 1 Road Street, House No 22, Kigali Rwanda
9802:KN 1 Road Street, House No 22, Kigali Rwanda
8331:"Dates for Rwanda Afrobasket 2021 confirmed"
6908:"Rwanda government seeks to own its offices"
6759:Tabaro, Jean de la Croix (7 February 2020).
6298:"Postponement of CHOGM 2020 due to Covid-19"
5699:"World Weather Information Service – Kigali"
5405:"Nyamirambo: Kigali's coolest neighbourhood"
5378:"Know Your History: The birth of Nyamirambo"
4426:"100 mayors for City centenary celebrations"
4326:
4290:
4254:
4230:
4175:. National Museums of Rwanda. Archived from
4036:
4034:
3702:
3469:, in French, and Kinyarwanda papers such as
3187:Buses and minibuses at Nyabugogo bus station
2488:The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
914:was also killed in the attack. This was the
825:in 1922, forming the mandatory territory of
11077:
11056:
10329:
10308:
10102:
10100:
9680:Tabaro, Jean de la Croix (8 January 2021).
8599:
7992:Mugisha, Emmanuel Côme (31 December 2019).
7610:
6210:"Rwanda to Build Ecotourism Park in Kigali"
5757:
5630:
5519:"Photos: The changing face of Lower Kiyovu"
5324:"Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning"
4068:
3979:
3955:
3216:Motorcycle taxis are very popular in Kigali
2474:and building of new facilities such as the
556:near Kigali. His death was followed by the
529:during World War I, forming the mandate of
11788:
11774:
11704:
11640:
11626:
11309:
11295:
11224:
11192:
11084:(2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
10889:National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
10869:National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
10846:National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
10554:
10224:
10170:
10145:
10128:
10122:
10075:
10069:
10022:Head Office: Tele10 Group Gishushu, Remera
9999:
9970:
9891:
9807:
9782:
9754:
9673:
9604:
9576:
9551:
9526:
9461:
9407:
9379:
9048:
9031:
8981:Buningwire, Williams (18 September 2018).
8980:
8890:
8387:"Rwanda – National Soccer League – Venues"
7690:
7461:
6368:National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
6109:
5423:
5191:
4365:
4338:
4314:
4302:
4143:
4009:
3778:"The Legacy of Dr. Richard Kandt (Part I)"
3762:
2934:Kigali Institute of Science and Technology
2542:
2371:National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
1197:, home to most government departments and
989:. It is divided into three administrative
11035:
11014:
10804:Ministry of Education, Republic of Rwanda
10777:Ministry of Education, Republic of Rwanda
10660:
10510:
10195:
9732:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
9582:
9385:
9254:
8952:
8328:
8279:
7756:
7571:. Rwanda Governance Board. Archived from
6962:
6701:
6503:
6501:
6364:"EICV3 District Profile: Kigali – Gasabo"
6233:
5836:
5574:"Kigali Genocide Memorial: Getting There"
5544:
5429:
5376:Tabaro, Jean de la Croix (24 July 2014).
4690:
4389:
4266:
4173:"Institute of National Museums of Rwanda"
4031:
3994:
1123:Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning
950:The view across Kigali in Rwanda at night
10946:
10910:The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide
10531:
10489:
10387:Briggs, Phillip; Connolly, Sean (2018).
10315:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
10259:
10180:(in Kinyarwanda). KT Radio. 30 July 2018
10097:
9539:. University Teaching Hospital of Kigali
9113:
8884:
8708:African Development Bank & OECD 2006
7634:
7622:
7593:
7294:
7138:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
7049:
7047:
7045:
7043:
6671:Mutanganshuro, Lavie (20 January 2020).
6207:
5516:
5349:"Gateway to gorillas: A guide to Kigali"
5249:"University Teaching Hospital of Kigali"
4807:
4795:
4778:
4766:
4754:
4678:
4638:
4093:Tabaro, Jean de la Croix (6 July 2014).
4042:"Mainstory: Kigali City through history"
3940:
3842:
3815:
3732:
3549:Nyandungu Urban Wetland Eco-Tourism Park
3333:
3211:
3182:
3134:
2899:
2819:, and public transportation is limited.
2679:
2615:
2546:
2444:
2414:
2399:formed 36.8 per cent of the population.
2347:
1159:
1067:
953:
945:
845:
738:
602:
544:between government forces and the rebel
11647:
11474:Kawanda–Birembo High Voltage Power Line
11124:
10903:
10862:"Final Results: Main indicators report"
10795:
10744:
10133:. Commonwealth Broadcasting Association
9765:"About us – Rwanda Broadcasting Agency"
9386:Bizimungu, Julius (28 September 2018).
9284:"Kigali Bugesera International Airport"
9167:
9141:
9087:"Transporters count losses on Chrismas"
8953:Bizimungu, Julius (12 September 2017).
8856:
8719:
8552:
8496:
7991:
7967:
7955:
7871:
7738:Archives AtoM Catalogue. 6 January 1968
7702:
7665:"Why beer bananas: The case for Rwanda"
7334:
7266:
7055:"Rwanda 2019 Crime & Safety Report"
6965:"The journey of the Rwandan parliament"
6261:
6151:
5602:
5547:"Kabagali: The raggedy side of Kacyiru"
5460:
5192:Kanamugire, Johnson (26 January 2017).
4899:
4626:
4588:
4278:
3883:
3830:
3803:
2366:Rwanda Environment Management Authority
1117:, and government buildings such as the
14:
12571:
11497:University Teaching Hospital of Kigali
10597:
10578:
10444:
10330:Briggs, Philip; Booth, Janice (2006).
10035:"Kwesé Free Sports launches in Rwanda"
10027:
9679:
9661:. Fortune of Africa. 12 September 2018
9114:Agutamba, Kenneth (20 November 2016).
8524:
8302:
8253:
8103:
8047:
7927:"UR Campus Distribution of Programmes"
7418:
7306:
7267:Asiimwe, Geoffrey (24 November 2016).
7078:
6882:"Responsibilities of the City Manager"
6809:"City Leadership: Executive Committee"
6758:
6585:
6498:
6441:
6437:
6435:
6234:Bizimungu, Julius (27 December 2018).
6208:Hitimana, Emmanuel (2 December 2018).
5482:
5461:Malonza, Josephine (20 October 2015).
5375:
5274:"UR College of Science and Technology"
4867:
4523:
4350:
4215:
4092:
4080:
3967:
3925:
3854:
3775:
3033:The largest sports venue in Kigali is
2946:University of Lay Adventists of Kigali
2527:. Cassiterite is mined in the town of
2391:with a further 9.1 per cent following
1111:University Teaching Hospital of Kigali
1036:, part of the upper headwaters of the
662:
568:The city of Kigali is one of the five
27:Capital and the largest city of Rwanda
11769:
11703:
11621:
11551:Kandt House Museum of Natural History
11290:
10860:
10837:
10723:
10618:
10336:(3rd ed.). Bradt Travel Guides.
8438:
7430:
7362:
7238:
7040:
6934:
6761:"Kigali City District Mayors Dropped"
6702:Ndereyehe, Celestin (18 April 2019).
6179:
5968:
5956:
5944:
5839:"Kigali, vast area through 100 years"
5824:
5812:
5488:
4963:
4377:
4242:
4200:
4120:
4010:Richardson, Heather (13 March 2019).
3717:. Institute for Management Research,
3581:
3568:
2830:include bananas, plantains (known as
2611:
796:Kandt House Museum of Natural History
749:Kandt House Museum of Natural History
473:
12589:Populated places established in 1907
11098:
11010:– via Rwanda Governance Board.
10988:
10969:
10883:
10639:
10063:
9838:
9714:
9702:
9257:"Kamembe airport reopens to flights"
9255:Tumwebaze, Peterson (13 June 2015).
8857:Kuteesa, Hudson (26 November 2019).
8788:
8748:
8637:"Patriots Basketball Club – History"
8350:
8303:Kagire, Edmund (25 September 2019).
7635:Ninsiima, Phiona (3 November 2019).
7462:Bloomfield, Steve (30 August 2007).
7184:"National Ballet – Urukerereza"
6322:
6278:from the original on 12 January 2022
6136:
6061:
5999:
5980:
5932:
5917:
5905:
5837:Tumwebaze, Peterson (26 July 2007).
5722:
5603:Asiimwe, Geoffrey (16 August 2015).
5430:Tumwebaze, Peterson (28 June 2013).
5219:
5179:
5164:
5149:
5137:
5097:
5085:
5045:
4964:Malak, Garang A. (29 January 2021).
4852:
4495:
4483:
4423:
3776:Mbanda, Gerald (16 September 2014).
3696:
3628:
3554:
1275:Climate data for Kigali (1991–2020)
1172:spanning the many hills and ridges.
1080:, sometimes known in English by the
778:. Kandt arrived in 1899, to explore
766:had been assigned to Germany by the
505:from the 15th century, and then, by
11453:Isaka–Kigali Standard Gauge Railway
11169:
10927:
10465:
10165:Kigali's Number 1 Hit Music Station
9651:
9629:
9583:Karuhanga, James (18 August 2019).
9520:
9508:
9496:
9310:Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda)
9168:Mugisha, Ivan R. (17 August 2019).
9142:Mohamed, Hamza (20 February 2019).
8926:
8689:. sportspromedia. 27 September 2021
8329:Sikubwabo, Damas (8 October 2019).
8048:Kagina, Alice (15 September 2022).
7337:"Hip Hop Dominating Music Industry"
7159:"Freedom in the World 2020: Rwanda"
7081:"The most inviting city in Africa?"
6619:. 26 September 2019. Archived from
6432:
6098:Bundervoet, Maiyo & Sanghi 2015
5545:Tumwebaze, Peterson (23 May 2013).
5517:Tashobya, Athan (11 October 2017).
5111:"Team reaches Nile's 'true source'"
5060:International Travel Maps and Books
5058:"Rwanda/Burundi Travel Map" (Map).
4993:"Rwanda redrawn to reflect compass"
4951:
4900:Topping, Alexandra (4 April 2014).
4728:"Rwanda: How the genocide happened"
4144:Ntagungura, Godfrey (20 May 2011).
3715:"Global Data Lab: Sub-national HDI"
3627:List of ten TV stations taken from
3269:Jomo Kenyatta International Airport
3176:and Nairobi, which is known as the
3105:Rwanda's National Basketball League
2999:Petit Séminaire St Vincent de Ndera
2419:Buildings in Kigali CBD, including
2395:, which was classified separately.
2376:In 2018 Kigali scored 0.632 on the
1072:Map showing major suburbs of Kigali
900:a United Nations peacekeeping force
626:combined with the adjective suffix
24:
10823:(in French). Macmillan Education.
10703:Linden, Ian; Linden, Jane (1977).
10108:"Rwanda Media Measurement Q2 2017"
7897:"Admissions – Information Centers"
7059:Overseas Security Advisory Council
6856:"City of Kigali Mayors since 1994"
6613:"Investing in a smelter in Rwanda"
6586:Esiara, Kabona (28 October 2018).
3489:, the Rwandan media does not have
3145:transport infrastructure of Rwanda
3049:including the final, in which the
2630:Overseas Security Advisory Council
906:when his plane was shot down near
734:
414:
25:
12605:
11275:
11155:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
11134:. University of Wisconsin Press.
10583:(1st ed.). Scarecrow Press.
10564:. University of Wisconsin Press.
10467:Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
10294:(5th ed.). OECD Publishing.
9032:Ngabonziza, Dan (3 August 2016).
8897:Eugene Uwimana (22 August 2019).
8497:Schöggl, Hans (9 December 2020).
8171:Confederation of African Football
7852:Carnegie Mellon University Africa
7556:Watson, Renzi & Viggiani 2010
7241:"Rwanda: Dancing off the streets"
7212:
6442:Manson, Katrina (24 April 2015).
6152:Mwijuke, Gilbert (18 July 2015).
5703:World Meteorological Organization
5674:United States Department of State
5220:Mwai, Collins (26 October 2017).
4606:United States Department of State
3295:sources; power stations on Lakes
3130:
3125:
3047:2016 African Nations Championship
2952:(SFB) in Gikondo and the private
2663:Although the constitution allows
2459:Surbana International Consultants
1115:College of Science and Technology
280:730 km (280 sq mi)
12016:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
11705:
11688:
9945:
9916:
9876:from the original on 9 July 2019
9862:
9832:
9720:
9435:
9298:
9276:
9248:
9189:
9161:
9135:
9107:
9079:
9025:
8997:
8974:
8946:
8920:
8850:
8822:
8794:
8754:
8713:
8679:
8654:
8629:
8582:"Rwandan Basketball (Men) Teams"
8574:
8553:Schöggl, Hans (1 October 2015).
8546:
8518:
8490:
8465:
8439:Opobo, Moses (7 February 2018).
8432:
8404:
8322:
8296:
8273:
8247:
8217:
8189:
8159:
8129:
8104:Mutale, Chama (7 January 2016).
8067:
8041:
8013:
7985:
7919:
7889:
7840:
7815:
7787:
7762:
7724:
7703:Ouazani, Cherif (5 April 2004).
7696:
7656:
7628:
7561:
7523:
7495:
7424:
7383:
7356:
7328:
7300:
7260:
7232:
7206:
7176:
7151:
7126:
7098:
7072:
7012:
6963:Karuhanga, James (4 July 2019).
6956:
6928:
6874:
6858:. City of Kigali. Archived from
6848:
6827:
6801:
6775:
6752:
6635:
6605:
6579:
6554:
6529:
6470:
6407:
6382:
6356:
6328:
6290:
6262:Furness, Hannah (11 July 2019).
6255:
6227:
6201:
6180:Kamin, Debra (12 January 2018).
6173:
6030:
6005:
5830:
5728:
5662:
5023:. City of Kigali. Archived from
4868:Bafana, Busani (30 March 2016).
3621:
3596:
3587:
3574:
3561:
3503:
3051:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2888:, a fermented milk, and urwagwa
222:
159:
152:
129:
122:
96:
89:
78:
71:
60:
11811:states with limited recognition
11282:Official website of Kigali City
11248:World Resources Report (2011).
11081:Historical Dictionary of Rwanda
11039:A History of Genocide in Africa
10706:Church and Revolution in Rwanda
10581:Historical Dictionary of Rwanda
10333:Rwanda – The Bradt Travel Guide
10190:CHIC Building, KN 2 Ave, Kigali
9312:. 9 August 2017. Archived from
8254:Andiva, Yvonne (22 June 2018).
7079:Archer, Bert (6 January 2020).
6935:Iliza, Ange (30 January 2020).
6888:from the original on 1 May 2020
6815:from the original on 1 May 2020
6789:from the original on 1 May 2020
6013:"Human Development Index (HDI)"
5642:
5636:
5596:
5566:
5538:
5510:
5432:"Nyabugogo: Where idlers lurk!"
5397:
5369:
5341:
5316:
5291:
5266:
5241:
5213:
5185:
5103:
5051:
5013:
4985:
4957:
4919:
4893:
4813:
4720:
4684:
4644:
4594:
4550:
4517:
4489:
4445:
4417:
4395:
4165:
4146:"The history of City of Kigali"
4086:
3889:
3872:Munyakazi & Ntagaramba 2005
3610:), and RUSIZI Basketball Club (
3367:Ndera Neuropsychiatric Hospital
3255:Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway
2824:that of the rest of the country
2822:Kigali's cuisine is similar to
2343:
1164:Kigali Golf Club in Nyarutarama
1078:central business district (CBD)
850:Kigali became the capital upon
731:, in the south of the country.
616:The name Kigali comes from the
11443:Bugesera International Airport
11387:École Internationale de Kigali
11382:International Community School
11372:École Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
11036:Stapleton, Timothy J. (2017).
11015:Stapleton, Timothy J. (2013).
10754:. Princeton University Press.
10643:Rwanda (Cultures of the World)
10490:Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2003).
10475:. Government Printing Office.
10178:"Twandikire | KT Radio 96.7fm"
8955:"YegoMoto makes travel easier"
8720:Tancott, Glen (30 June 2014).
8525:Kagire, Edmund (19 May 2018).
7431:Milmo, Cahal (29 March 2006).
7335:Mbabazi, Linda (11 May 2008).
7239:Rosen, Jon (2 November 2010).
7134:"Intentional Homicide Victims"
7106:"Creating a crime-free Kigali"
4870:"Kigali sparkles on the hills"
4524:Linden, Ian (11 August 1973).
3915:– via RwandaTourism.com.
3409:. They are broadcast from two
3338:A Rwandan youth receiving his
3281:Bugesera International Airport
3011:International School of Kigali
160:
130:
13:
1:
11458:Rwanda Standard Gauge Railway
11418:Kigali Independent University
11078:Twagilimana, Aimable (2015).
10724:Louis, William Roger (1963).
10558:(2011). David Newbury (ed.).
10263:Culture and customs of Rwanda
10236:Stanford University Libraries
9659:"List of Hospitals in Rwanda"
9637:"List of hospitals in Rwanda"
8280:Yanditswe (4 February 2020).
7363:Opobo, Moses (17 July 2018).
7307:Buchan, Kit (11 April 2014).
6415:"Vision, Mission, and Values"
4705:10.1080/14623528.2019.1703329
4496:Mohr, Charles (7 July 1973).
3642:
3329:
3273:Entebbe International Airport
3061:fixtures, including those of
3043:Rwanda national football team
2950:School of Finance and Banking
2942:Kigali Independent University
2938:Kigali Institute of Education
2922:National University of Rwanda
2916:. Early colleges such as the
1239:Köppen climate classification
813:of Rwanda and Burundi during
552:was killed when his aircraft
501:In an area controlled by the
11448:Kigali International Airport
11057:Streissguth, Thomas (2007).
10511:Cybriwsky, Roman A. (2013).
10360:Crime, Law and Social Change
10254:General and cited references
10129:Clare Hill (28 March 2013).
10076:Ben Gasore (22 April 2015).
9965:KK 512 ST 250 Kigali, Rwanda
9767:. Rwanda Broadcasting Agency
8611:Rwanda Basketball Federation
8555:"Rwanda – List of Champions"
8499:"Rwanda - List of Champions"
8284:. Rwanda Broadcasting Agency
7770:"University of Kigali – UoK"
6182:"36 Hours in Kigali, Rwanda"
5489:Gregg, Emma (8 March 2020).
4693:Journal of Genocide Research
3647:
3265:Kigali International Airport
2895:
2789:On Genocide Memorial Day, a
1113:, the national university's
1063:
969:, and is two hours ahead of
941:
908:Kigali International Airport
790:house, located close to the
611:
288:1,567 m (5,141 ft)
7:
11490:King Faisal Hospital Kigali
10797:"2018 Education Statistics"
10451:. Oxford University Press.
9841:"About Us: Company Profile"
9815:"Contact Us – Authentic tv"
9374:World Resources Report 2011
9362:World Resources Report 2011
9350:World Resources Report 2011
9335:World Resources Report 2011
8927:Kam, Isaac (1 March 2019).
4534:. p. 3. Archived from
3748:Central Intelligence Agency
3496:
3083:Nyamirambo Regional Stadium
3019:International Baccalaureate
3003:Lycée Notre-Dame de Cîteaux
2976:—creating the consolidated
2286:Average precipitation days
2072:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1932:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1748:Average precipitation days
1534:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1394:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1199:the office of the president
858:, and the southern city of
758:was appointed as the first
312:2,400/km (6,200/sq mi)
10:
12610:
12558:British Overseas Territory
11397:École Technique Officielle
11316:
9230:CAPA – Centre For Aviation
8260:Construction Review Online
8141:Rwanda Football Federation
7884:Lemarchand & Tash 2015
7535:Radio France International
7490:Briggs & Connolly 2018
7365:"KigaliUp is back, but..."
7188:Rwanda Development Gateway
4453:"History in Huye (Butare)"
3403:Rwanda Broadcasting Agency
3359:Saudi Fund for Development
3324:wide area synchronous grid
3196:card and online bookings.
3025:their children at school.
2962:Carnegie Mellon University
2765:Shake Hands with the Devil
2675:
2506:, which launched in 2011.
2431:economic and financial hub
2410:
2332:
1808:
1794:
1274:
1232:
971:Coordinated Universal Time
655:
651:
646:burya iki gihugu ni kigali
521:Rwandan students. Belgium
12548:
11821:
11804:
11718:
11686:
11655:
11589:
11509:
11482:
11466:
11435:
11405:
11359:
11352:
11324:
11178:World Health Organization
10579:Dorsey, Learthen (1994).
10372:10.1007/s10611-012-9397-7
10260:Adekunle, Julius (2007).
9899:"Flash FM & Flash TV"
7980:MINEDUC & UNICEF 2017
5743:Strategic Foresight Group
5736:"Blue Peace for the Nile"
5670:"Background Note: Rwanda"
5299:"National Bank of Rwanda"
5062:. ITMB Publishing. 2007.
3483:Reporters Without Borders
3057:. The stadium also hosts
2918:Nyakibanda Major Seminary
2884:. Popular drinks include
2803:, a morning of mandatory
2285:
2211:
2141:
2071:
2001:
1931:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1747:
1673:
1603:
1533:
1463:
1393:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1266:Strategic Foresight Group
958:Suburbs on the slopes of
864:a bloodless military coup
823:League of Nations mandate
792:central business district
770:of 1884, forming part of
443:
424:
391:
377:
360:
349:
338:
327:
316:
308:
297:
292:
284:
273:
268:
258:
253:
245:
235:
217:
182:
116:
53:
44:
37:
11910:Central African Republic
11566:Genocide Memorial Centre
11534:Hôtel des Mille Collines
11494:Rwanda Military Hospital
11226:"Rwanda Economic Update"
11100:"Population projections"
10806:(MINEDUC). December 2018
10727:Ruanda-Urundi, 1884–1919
10598:Fegley, Randall (2016).
10532:Dallaire, Roméo (2005).
10291:African Economic Outlook
10282:African Development Bank
10206:"Rwanda profile – Media"
9926:. BTN TV. Archived from
9537:"About CHUK: Background"
8477:Golf Course Architecture
7705:"Butare, Silicon Valley"
7399:Rwanda Development Board
6995:"Our Mission and Vision"
6394:Rwanda Development Board
5578:Kigali Genocide Memorial
4327:Linden & Linden 1977
4291:Linden & Linden 1977
4255:Linden & Linden 1977
4231:Linden & Linden 1977
3901:Rwanda Development Board
3534:Kigali Genocide Memorial
3529:Kigali Convention Centre
3405:(RBA), and Chinese firm
3395:
3363:Rwanda Military Hospital
3286:
3243:a standard-gauge railway
3028:
2519:, an ore used to obtain
2492:Charles, Prince of Wales
2480:African Development Bank
2476:Kigali Convention Centre
2464:Rwanda Development Board
2440:Rwanda Revenue Authority
2359:rural-to-urban migration
1243:tropical savanna climate
1207:Kigali Genocide Memorial
928:Rwandan national holiday
671:, a group of aboriginal
10947:Rollason, Will (2012).
10661:Kiregyera, Ben (2015).
10640:King, David C. (2007).
10619:Geary, Anthony (2003).
10472:The World Factbook 2007
10393:. Bradt Travel Guides.
9886:MICLTD,F4/Rwanda/Kigali
9839:Fred (17 August 2019).
9790:"Live TV – Isango Star"
8233:Rwanda Rugby Federation
7823:"Kigali Campus History"
7611:Briggs & Booth 2006
6302:Commonwealth of Nations
4069:Appiah & Gates 2010
3041:, playing host to most
2930:Kigali Health Institute
2576:the incumbent mayor is
2543:Governance and politics
2378:Human Development Index
1119:National Bank of Rwanda
1025:soils on the hills and
1001:in the south east, and
892:Rwandan Patriotic Front
546:Rwandan Patriotic Front
10625:. Palgrave Macmillan.
10312:Encyclopedia of Africa
9963:– via Facebook.
9911:BP: 195, Kigali Rwanda
9901:. Flash Radio & TV
8726:Transport World Africa
7827:Mount Kenya University
7391:"Festivals and Events"
6999:Rwanda National Police
6081:Bundervoet et al. 2017
3437:with 9.3 per cent and
3342:
3217:
3188:
3150:East African Community
3140:
3087:Rwanda Cricket Stadium
2958:Mount Kenya University
2909:
2685:
2626:Rwanda National Police
2621:
2555:
2512:special economic zones
2450:
2436:gross domestic product
2426:
2353:
1165:
1073:
1029:soils in the valleys.
962:
951:
910:. Burundian president
881:US Department of State
751:
679:groups, including the
628:
622:
608:
590:gross domestic product
419:
32:Capital city in Rwanda
12457:São Tomé and Príncipe
11807:Dependent territories
11576:Sainte-Famille Church
11208:10.1596/0-8213-5610-0
10688:. UNESCO Publishing.
10667:. African Sun Media.
10445:Carney, J.J. (2013).
9738:(11): 817–908. 2008.
9286:. Centre for Aviation
9234:Aviation Week Network
6419:Rwanda Stock Exchange
4526:"Rwanda's quiet coup"
3618:, and RP-IPRC Kigali.
3337:
3215:
3186:
3138:
3092:Rwanda Premier League
2986:Ministry of Education
2903:
2683:
2619:
2550:
2504:Rwanda Stock Exchange
2496:the COVID-19 pandemic
2448:
2418:
2351:
1163:
1071:
957:
949:
890:, although the rebel
846:Post-independence era
742:
606:
515:the colonial resident
418:
379: • Summer (
110:Sainte-Famille Church
11799:of African countries
11746:1.94389°S 30.05944°E
11571:Kigali Green Complex
11423:University of Kigali
11413:University of Rwanda
11377:International School
10891:(NISR). January 2014
9847:on 28 September 2020
9750:on 13 November 2008.
9616:King Faisal Hospital
9563:Dun & Bradstreet
8137:"Amavubi Background"
7931:University of Rwanda
7901:University of Rwanda
7774:University of Kigali
6617:Mining Review Africa
6122:Cassimon et al. 2013
5021:"Kigali at a Glance"
4831:on 11 September 2013
4825:Government of Rwanda
4602:"Cable: Rwanda Coup"
4538:on 23 September 2015
4424:Muramila, Gasheegu.
3606:), RP IPRC MUSANZE (
3524:Kigali Car-Free Zone
3445:in Kigali including
3355:King Faisal Hospital
3039:association football
2978:University of Rwanda
2954:University of Kigali
2906:One Laptop per Child
2780:Rwanda Film Festival
2739:Hobe Rwanda Festival
1862:Record high °C (°F)
1324:Record high °C (°F)
1182:informal settlements
852:Rwandan independence
309: • Density
202:1.94389°S 30.05944°E
12594:Provinces of Rwanda
11742: /
11649:Provinces of Rwanda
11198:. Country Studies.
10783:. 20 September 2017
10730:. Clarendon Press.
10646:. Benchmark Books.
10604:. Lexington Books.
10266:. Greenwood Press.
9984:. 11 September 2019
9953:"Contact TV Rwanda"
9930:on 29 November 2020
9473:Rwanda Energy Group
9447:Rwanda Energy Group
9316:on 21 February 2018
8722:"Northern corridor"
8364:on 25 February 2020
8177:on 24 February 2016
7970:, pp. 105–107.
7958:, pp. 101–103.
7693:, pp. 136–137.
7297:, pp. 135–139.
6623:on 19 November 2020
6458:on 10 December 2022
6271:The Daily Telegraph
6214:Inter Press Service
5971:, pp. 125–127.
5947:, pp. 107–108.
5496:National Geographic
5027:on 28 February 2014
4933:. 24 September 2015
4821:"Official holidays"
4757:, pp. 264–265.
4317:, pp. 137–138.
3997:, pp. 140–141.
3319:Rwanda Energy Group
3253:or with the future
2970:Umutara Polytechnic
2665:freedom of assembly
2602:Chamber of Deputies
2578:Samuel Dusengiyumva
2405:Jehovah's Witnesses
2142:Record low °C (°F)
2002:Daily mean °C (°F)
1604:Record low °C (°F)
1464:Daily mean °C (°F)
1241:, Kigali is in the
1088:("in town"), is on
1058:grey crowned cranes
997:in the south west,
975:provinces of Rwanda
967:Central Africa Time
782:and search for the
663:Pre-colonial period
598:subsistence farming
586:president of Rwanda
570:provinces of Rwanda
550:Juvénal Habyarimana
475:[ci.ɡɑ́.ɾi]
371:Central Africa Time
263:Samuel Dusengiyumva
198: /
12584:Capitals in Africa
11751:-1.94389; 30.05944
11060:Rwanda in Pictures
10556:Des Forges, Alison
10432:. World Bank Group
9423:. 5 September 2017
9236:. 22 December 2014
9095:. 25 December 2013
9013:. 29 November 2014
8810:. 16 February 2015
8770:. 28 December 2016
8453:on 7 February 2018
8235:. 11 December 2018
7803:. 6 September 2011
7575:on 20 October 2019
7028:. 14 February 2018
6916:. 12 February 2019
6884:. City of Kigali.
6811:. City of Kigali.
6785:. City of Kigali.
6344:. 13 December 2017
6187:The New York Times
4931:Human Rights Watch
4563:The New York Times
4503:The New York Times
4179:on 9 December 2008
4050:. 24 November 2007
3744:The World Factbook
3719:Radboud University
3466:La Nouvelle Relève
3386:mutuelles de santé
3347:Ministry of Health
3343:
3245:linking Kigali to
3218:
3189:
3141:
3073:playing hall. The
2995:FAWE Girls' School
2914:tertiary education
2910:
2768:. Others, such as
2753:Sometimes in April
2732:. Since 2011, the
2712:, with a blend of
2686:
2653:community policing
2622:
2612:Crime and policing
2594:the prime minister
2556:
2451:
2449:A market in Kigali
2427:
2354:
1166:
1074:
987:Southern provinces
963:
952:
936:Human Rights Watch
912:Cyprien Ntaryamira
868:Grégoire Kayibanda
784:source of the Nile
772:German East Africa
760:resident of Rwanda
752:
658:Timeline of Kigali
609:
420:
259: • Mayor
207:-1.94389; 30.05944
173:Show map of Africa
143:Show map of Rwanda
12566:
12565:
12208:Equatorial Guinea
11943:Rep. of the Congo
11763:
11762:
11725:
11713:Geographic locale
11697:
11696:
11615:
11614:
11561:Convention Centre
11556:Kigali City Tower
11539:Institut Français
11431:
11430:
11217:978-0-8213-5610-4
11162:978-1-4438-1993-0
11141:978-0-2992-0123-4
11091:978-1-4422-5591-3
11070:978-0-8225-8570-1
11049:978-1-4408-3052-5
11028:978-0-313-39570-3
10956:Brunel University
10920:978-9970-02-089-8
10830:978-0-333-95451-5
10761:978-0-691-10280-1
10737:978-0-19-821621-6
10716:978-0-7190-0671-5
10695:978-92-3-100126-0
10674:978-1-920689-56-8
10653:978-0-7614-2333-1
10632:978-0-85667-552-2
10590:978-0-8108-2820-9
10571:978-0-299-28143-4
10547:978-0-09-947893-5
10524:978-1-61069-248-9
10503:978-1-890951-34-4
10482:978-0-16-078580-1
10458:978-0-19-998227-1
10400:978-1-78477-096-9
10343:978-1-841621-80-7
10322:978-0-19-533770-9
10301:978-92-64-02243-0
10273:978-0-313-33177-0
9777:KG 7 Blvd Kacyiru
8420:. 18 October 2017
8205:. 7 February 2016
7613:, pp. 54–55.
7511:. 20 October 2012
6100:, pp. 21–23.
6038:"Rwanda Overview"
5959:, pp. 97–99.
5069:978-1-55341-380-6
4660:. 12 January 2010
4281:, pp. 25–26.
3958:, pp. 21–22.
3750:. 5 February 2021
3671:citypopulation.de
3555:Explanatory notes
3519:Inema Arts Center
3314:diesel generators
3178:Northern Corridor
3152:, namely Uganda,
3063:the national team
2805:community service
2573:electoral college
2551:Kigali City Hall
2468:mountain gorillas
2421:Kigali City Tower
2340:
2339:
1809:Climate data for
1802:
1801:
1095:Kigali City Tower
888:Rwandan Civil War
768:Berlin Conference
689:Kingdom of Rwanda
542:Rwandan Civil War
507:the German Empire
503:Kingdom of Rwanda
461:
460:
16:(Redirected from
12601:
11790:
11783:
11776:
11767:
11766:
11757:
11756:
11754:
11753:
11752:
11747:
11743:
11740:
11739:
11738:
11735:
11723:
11712:
11709:
11701:
11700:
11692:
11642:
11635:
11628:
11619:
11618:
11607:Rwandan genocide
11547:
11530:
11357:
11356:
11311:
11304:
11297:
11288:
11287:
11271:
11269:
11267:
11262:on 24 March 2012
11261:
11255:. Archived from
11254:
11244:
11242:
11240:
11230:
11221:
11189:
11187:
11185:
11175:
11166:
11145:
11121:
11119:
11117:
11111:
11104:
11095:
11074:
11053:
11032:
11011:
11009:
11007:
11001:
10994:
10985:
10983:
10981:
10975:
10966:
10964:
10962:
10953:
10943:
10941:
10939:
10933:
10924:
10900:
10898:
10896:
10880:
10878:
10876:
10866:
10857:
10855:
10853:
10843:
10834:
10815:
10813:
10811:
10801:
10792:
10790:
10788:
10774:
10765:
10746:Mamdani, Mahmood
10741:
10720:
10699:
10678:
10657:
10636:
10615:
10611:978-1-49851944-1
10594:
10575:
10551:
10539:
10528:
10507:
10486:
10462:
10441:
10439:
10437:
10431:
10421:
10404:
10383:
10357:
10347:
10326:
10305:
10277:
10247:
10246:
10244:
10242:
10228:
10222:
10221:
10219:
10217:
10202:
10193:
10192:
10187:
10185:
10174:
10168:
10167:
10162:
10160:
10149:
10143:
10142:
10140:
10138:
10126:
10120:
10119:
10117:
10115:
10104:
10095:
10094:
10092:
10090:
10073:
10067:
10066:, p. 15–18.
10061:
10055:
10054:
10048:
10046:
10031:
10025:
10024:
10019:
10017:
10003:
9997:
9996:
9991:
9989:
9974:
9968:
9967:
9962:
9960:
9949:
9943:
9942:
9937:
9935:
9920:
9914:
9913:
9908:
9906:
9895:
9889:
9888:
9883:
9881:
9866:
9860:
9859:
9854:
9852:
9843:. Archived from
9836:
9830:
9829:
9824:
9822:
9811:
9805:
9804:
9799:
9797:
9786:
9780:
9779:
9774:
9772:
9761:
9752:
9751:
9746:. Archived from
9724:
9718:
9712:
9706:
9700:
9694:
9693:
9691:
9689:
9677:
9671:
9670:
9668:
9666:
9655:
9649:
9648:
9646:
9644:
9633:
9627:
9626:
9624:
9622:
9608:
9602:
9601:
9599:
9597:
9580:
9574:
9573:
9571:
9569:
9555:
9549:
9548:
9546:
9544:
9533:
9524:
9518:
9512:
9506:
9500:
9494:
9485:
9484:
9482:
9480:
9465:
9459:
9458:
9456:
9454:
9449:. 1 January 2018
9439:
9433:
9432:
9430:
9428:
9411:
9405:
9404:
9402:
9400:
9383:
9377:
9371:
9365:
9359:
9353:
9347:
9338:
9332:
9326:
9325:
9323:
9321:
9302:
9296:
9295:
9293:
9291:
9280:
9274:
9273:
9271:
9269:
9252:
9246:
9245:
9243:
9241:
9222:
9213:
9212:
9210:
9208:
9193:
9187:
9186:
9184:
9182:
9165:
9159:
9158:
9156:
9154:
9139:
9133:
9132:
9130:
9128:
9111:
9105:
9104:
9102:
9100:
9083:
9077:
9076:
9074:
9072:
9055:
9046:
9045:
9043:
9041:
9029:
9023:
9022:
9020:
9018:
9001:
8995:
8994:
8992:
8990:
8978:
8972:
8971:
8969:
8967:
8950:
8944:
8943:
8941:
8939:
8924:
8918:
8917:
8912:
8910:
8903:Voice of America
8894:
8888:
8882:
8876:
8875:
8873:
8871:
8854:
8848:
8847:
8845:
8843:
8826:
8820:
8819:
8817:
8815:
8798:
8792:
8786:
8780:
8779:
8777:
8775:
8758:
8752:
8746:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8732:
8717:
8711:
8705:
8699:
8698:
8696:
8694:
8683:
8677:
8676:
8674:
8672:
8658:
8652:
8651:
8649:
8647:
8633:
8627:
8626:
8624:
8622:
8613:. Archived from
8603:
8597:
8596:
8594:
8592:
8578:
8572:
8571:
8569:
8567:
8550:
8544:
8543:
8541:
8539:
8522:
8516:
8515:
8513:
8511:
8494:
8488:
8487:
8485:
8483:
8469:
8463:
8462:
8460:
8458:
8449:. Archived from
8436:
8430:
8429:
8427:
8425:
8408:
8402:
8401:
8399:
8397:
8383:
8374:
8373:
8371:
8369:
8354:
8348:
8347:
8345:
8343:
8326:
8320:
8319:
8317:
8315:
8300:
8294:
8293:
8291:
8289:
8277:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8266:
8251:
8245:
8244:
8242:
8240:
8221:
8215:
8214:
8212:
8210:
8193:
8187:
8186:
8184:
8182:
8173:. Archived from
8163:
8157:
8156:
8154:
8152:
8143:. Archived from
8133:
8127:
8126:
8120:
8118:
8111:Zambian Watchdog
8101:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8090:
8081:. Archived from
8071:
8065:
8064:
8062:
8060:
8045:
8039:
8038:
8036:
8034:
8017:
8011:
8010:
8008:
8006:
7989:
7983:
7977:
7971:
7965:
7959:
7953:
7947:
7946:
7944:
7942:
7933:. Archived from
7923:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7912:
7903:. Archived from
7893:
7887:
7881:
7875:
7869:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7858:
7844:
7838:
7837:
7835:
7833:
7819:
7813:
7812:
7810:
7808:
7791:
7785:
7784:
7782:
7780:
7766:
7760:
7754:
7748:
7747:
7745:
7743:
7728:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7717:
7700:
7694:
7688:
7677:
7676:
7660:
7654:
7653:
7651:
7649:
7632:
7626:
7620:
7614:
7608:
7597:
7591:
7585:
7584:
7582:
7580:
7565:
7559:
7553:
7547:
7546:
7544:
7542:
7527:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7516:
7499:
7493:
7487:
7481:
7480:
7478:
7476:
7459:
7450:
7449:
7447:
7445:
7428:
7422:
7416:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7405:
7387:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7376:
7360:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7349:
7332:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7321:
7304:
7298:
7292:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7264:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7236:
7230:
7229:
7227:
7225:
7213:Moore, Timothy.
7210:
7204:
7203:
7201:
7199:
7194:on 14 March 2012
7190:. Archived from
7180:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7155:
7149:
7148:
7146:
7144:
7130:
7124:
7123:
7121:
7119:
7102:
7096:
7095:
7093:
7091:
7076:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7065:
7051:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7016:
7010:
7009:
7007:
7005:
6991:
6982:
6981:
6979:
6977:
6960:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6949:
6932:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6921:
6904:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6878:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6862:on 2 August 2020
6852:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6841:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6805:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6768:
6756:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6745:
6730:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6714:
6699:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6685:
6668:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6654:
6649:on 29 March 2013
6639:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6628:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6583:
6577:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6558:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6547:
6533:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6522:
6505:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6463:
6457:
6452:. Archived from
6439:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6411:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6386:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6360:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6341:The Conversation
6332:
6326:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6294:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6267:
6259:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6248:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6220:
6205:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6194:
6177:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6149:
6140:
6134:
6125:
6119:
6113:
6107:
6101:
6095:
6084:
6078:
6065:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6034:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6009:
6003:
5997:
5984:
5978:
5972:
5966:
5960:
5954:
5948:
5942:
5936:
5930:
5921:
5915:
5909:
5903:
5894:
5893:
5891:
5889:
5879:
5871:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5834:
5828:
5822:
5816:
5810:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5772:
5761:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5740:
5732:
5726:
5720:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5695:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5666:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5640:
5634:
5631:Twagilimana 2015
5628:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5584:on 30 April 2018
5580:. Archived from
5570:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5458:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5427:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5373:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5357:. 21 August 2017
5345:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5295:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5245:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5189:
5183:
5177:
5168:
5162:
5153:
5147:
5141:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5107:
5101:
5095:
5089:
5083:
5074:
5073:
5055:
5049:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5001:. 3 January 2006
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4961:
4955:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4865:
4856:
4850:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4827:. Archived from
4817:
4811:
4805:
4799:
4793:
4782:
4776:
4770:
4764:
4758:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4724:
4718:
4716:
4688:
4682:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4648:
4642:
4636:
4630:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4598:
4592:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4568:Associated Press
4554:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4493:
4487:
4481:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4399:
4393:
4387:
4381:
4375:
4369:
4363:
4354:
4348:
4342:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4252:
4246:
4240:
4234:
4228:
4219:
4213:
4204:
4198:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4141:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4090:
4084:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4038:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4007:
3998:
3992:
3983:
3980:Twagilimana 2015
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3956:Streissguth 2007
3953:
3944:
3938:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3907:on 25 March 2016
3903:. Archived from
3893:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3840:
3834:
3828:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3773:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3711:
3700:
3694:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3663:
3636:
3625:
3619:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3585:
3578:
3572:
3565:
3513:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3451:Voice of America
3340:COVID-19 vaccine
3198:Motorcycle taxis
2972:and Ruhengeri's
2814:
2810:
2791:national holiday
2537:Karuruma smelter
2289:
1806:
1805:
1751:
1272:
1271:
1054:Umusambi Village
1034:Nyabarongo River
920:Rwandan genocide
904:was assassinated
819:Philippe Molitor
725:Ruganzu II Ndoli
708:Ruganzu I Bwimba
631:
625:
558:Rwandan genocide
477:
472:
457:
454:
452:
450:
435:
411:
384:
356:856,673 (49.08%)
345:888,882 (50.92%)
228:
226:
225:
213:
212:
210:
209:
208:
203:
199:
196:
195:
194:
191:
174:
163:
162:
156:
144:
133:
132:
126:
100:
93:
82:
75:
64:
35:
34:
21:
12609:
12608:
12604:
12603:
12602:
12600:
12599:
12598:
12569:
12568:
12567:
12562:
12544:
12543:
12529:
12514:
12436:
12417:
12403:
12266:
12247:
11817:
11800:
11794:
11764:
11759:
11750:
11748:
11744:
11741:
11736:
11733:
11731:
11729:
11728:
11714:
11710:
11698:
11693:
11684:
11651:
11646:
11616:
11611:
11585:
11541:
11524:
11517:Amahoro Stadium
11505:
11501:Masaka Hospital
11478:
11462:
11427:
11401:
11392:Lycée de Kigali
11348:
11320:
11315:
11278:
11265:
11263:
11259:
11252:
11238:
11236:
11235:. February 2016
11228:
11218:
11183:
11181:
11173:
11163:
11142:
11115:
11113:
11109:
11102:
11092:
11071:
11050:
11029:
11005:
11003:
11002:on 13 July 2019
10999:
10992:
10979:
10977:
10973:
10960:
10958:
10951:
10937:
10935:
10931:
10921:
10905:Prunier, Gérard
10894:
10892:
10874:
10872:
10864:
10851:
10849:
10841:
10831:
10821:Atlas of Rwanda
10809:
10807:
10799:
10786:
10784:
10772:
10762:
10738:
10717:
10696:
10675:
10654:
10633:
10612:
10591:
10572:
10548:
10525:
10504:
10483:
10459:
10435:
10433:
10429:
10401:
10355:
10344:
10323:
10302:
10274:
10256:
10251:
10250:
10240:
10238:
10230:
10229:
10225:
10215:
10213:
10204:
10203:
10196:
10183:
10181:
10176:
10175:
10171:
10158:
10156:
10151:
10150:
10146:
10136:
10134:
10127:
10123:
10113:
10111:
10106:
10105:
10098:
10088:
10086:
10074:
10070:
10062:
10058:
10044:
10042:
10033:
10032:
10028:
10015:
10013:
10005:
10004:
10000:
9987:
9985:
9976:
9975:
9971:
9958:
9956:
9951:
9950:
9946:
9933:
9931:
9922:
9921:
9917:
9904:
9902:
9897:
9896:
9892:
9879:
9877:
9868:
9867:
9863:
9850:
9848:
9837:
9833:
9820:
9818:
9813:
9812:
9808:
9795:
9793:
9788:
9787:
9783:
9770:
9768:
9763:
9762:
9755:
9726:
9725:
9721:
9713:
9709:
9701:
9697:
9687:
9685:
9678:
9674:
9664:
9662:
9657:
9656:
9652:
9642:
9640:
9635:
9634:
9630:
9620:
9618:
9610:
9609:
9605:
9595:
9593:
9581:
9577:
9567:
9565:
9557:
9556:
9552:
9542:
9540:
9535:
9534:
9527:
9519:
9515:
9507:
9503:
9495:
9488:
9478:
9476:
9467:
9466:
9462:
9452:
9450:
9441:
9440:
9436:
9426:
9424:
9413:
9412:
9408:
9398:
9396:
9384:
9380:
9376:, pp. 4–5.
9372:
9368:
9364:, pp. 3–4.
9360:
9356:
9348:
9341:
9333:
9329:
9319:
9317:
9304:
9303:
9299:
9289:
9287:
9282:
9281:
9277:
9267:
9265:
9253:
9249:
9239:
9237:
9224:
9223:
9216:
9206:
9204:
9195:
9194:
9190:
9180:
9178:
9175:The EastAfrican
9166:
9162:
9152:
9150:
9140:
9136:
9126:
9124:
9112:
9108:
9098:
9096:
9085:
9084:
9080:
9070:
9068:
9057:
9056:
9049:
9039:
9037:
9030:
9026:
9016:
9014:
9003:
9002:
8998:
8988:
8986:
8979:
8975:
8965:
8963:
8951:
8947:
8937:
8935:
8925:
8921:
8908:
8906:
8895:
8891:
8883:
8879:
8869:
8867:
8855:
8851:
8841:
8839:
8838:. 12 April 2016
8828:
8827:
8823:
8813:
8811:
8800:
8799:
8795:
8787:
8783:
8773:
8771:
8760:
8759:
8755:
8747:
8740:
8730:
8728:
8718:
8714:
8706:
8702:
8692:
8690:
8685:
8684:
8680:
8670:
8668:
8660:
8659:
8655:
8645:
8643:
8635:
8634:
8630:
8620:
8618:
8605:
8604:
8600:
8590:
8588:
8580:
8579:
8575:
8565:
8563:
8551:
8547:
8537:
8535:
8532:The EastAfrican
8523:
8519:
8509:
8507:
8495:
8491:
8481:
8479:
8471:
8470:
8466:
8456:
8454:
8437:
8433:
8423:
8421:
8410:
8409:
8405:
8395:
8393:
8385:
8384:
8377:
8367:
8365:
8356:
8355:
8351:
8341:
8339:
8327:
8323:
8313:
8311:
8301:
8297:
8287:
8285:
8278:
8274:
8264:
8262:
8252:
8248:
8238:
8236:
8223:
8222:
8218:
8208:
8206:
8195:
8194:
8190:
8180:
8178:
8165:
8164:
8160:
8150:
8148:
8147:on 15 June 2020
8135:
8134:
8130:
8116:
8114:
8102:
8098:
8088:
8086:
8085:on 7 March 2016
8073:
8072:
8068:
8058:
8056:
8046:
8042:
8032:
8030:
8019:
8018:
8014:
8004:
8002:
7990:
7986:
7978:
7974:
7966:
7962:
7954:
7950:
7940:
7938:
7925:
7924:
7920:
7910:
7908:
7895:
7894:
7890:
7882:
7878:
7870:
7866:
7856:
7854:
7846:
7845:
7841:
7831:
7829:
7821:
7820:
7816:
7806:
7804:
7793:
7792:
7788:
7778:
7776:
7768:
7767:
7763:
7755:
7751:
7741:
7739:
7730:
7729:
7725:
7715:
7713:
7701:
7697:
7691:World Bank 2004
7689:
7680:
7661:
7657:
7647:
7645:
7633:
7629:
7621:
7617:
7609:
7600:
7592:
7588:
7578:
7576:
7567:
7566:
7562:
7554:
7550:
7540:
7538:
7529:
7528:
7524:
7514:
7512:
7501:
7500:
7496:
7488:
7484:
7474:
7472:
7469:The Independent
7460:
7453:
7443:
7441:
7438:The Independent
7429:
7425:
7417:
7413:
7403:
7401:
7395:VisitRwanda.com
7389:
7388:
7384:
7374:
7372:
7361:
7357:
7347:
7345:
7333:
7329:
7319:
7317:
7305:
7301:
7293:
7289:
7279:
7277:
7265:
7261:
7251:
7249:
7237:
7233:
7223:
7221:
7211:
7207:
7197:
7195:
7182:
7181:
7177:
7167:
7165:
7157:
7156:
7152:
7142:
7140:
7132:
7131:
7127:
7117:
7115:
7104:
7103:
7099:
7089:
7087:
7077:
7073:
7063:
7061:
7053:
7052:
7041:
7031:
7029:
7018:
7017:
7013:
7003:
7001:
6993:
6992:
6985:
6975:
6973:
6961:
6957:
6947:
6945:
6933:
6929:
6919:
6917:
6913:The EastAfrican
6906:
6905:
6901:
6891:
6889:
6880:
6879:
6875:
6865:
6863:
6854:
6853:
6849:
6839:
6837:
6833:
6832:
6828:
6818:
6816:
6807:
6806:
6802:
6792:
6790:
6781:
6780:
6776:
6766:
6764:
6757:
6753:
6743:
6741:
6740:. 5 August 2019
6732:
6731:
6722:
6712:
6710:
6700:
6693:
6683:
6681:
6669:
6662:
6652:
6650:
6641:
6640:
6636:
6626:
6624:
6611:
6610:
6606:
6596:
6594:
6584:
6580:
6570:
6568:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6545:
6543:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6520:
6518:
6507:
6506:
6499:
6489:
6487:
6486:. 1 August 2013
6476:
6475:
6471:
6461:
6459:
6449:Financial Times
6440:
6433:
6423:
6421:
6413:
6412:
6408:
6398:
6396:
6388:
6387:
6383:
6373:
6371:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6347:
6345:
6334:
6333:
6329:
6321:
6317:
6307:
6305:
6304:. 21 April 2020
6296:
6295:
6291:
6281:
6279:
6260:
6256:
6246:
6244:
6232:
6228:
6218:
6216:
6206:
6202:
6192:
6190:
6178:
6174:
6164:
6162:
6159:The EastAfrican
6150:
6143:
6135:
6128:
6120:
6116:
6110:World Bank 2016
6108:
6104:
6096:
6087:
6079:
6068:
6060:
6056:
6046:
6044:
6036:
6035:
6031:
6021:
6019:
6011:
6010:
6006:
5998:
5987:
5979:
5975:
5967:
5963:
5955:
5951:
5943:
5939:
5931:
5924:
5916:
5912:
5904:
5897:
5887:
5885:
5877:
5873:
5872:
5859:
5849:
5847:
5835:
5831:
5823:
5819:
5811:
5802:
5792:
5790:
5785:
5784:
5780:
5770:
5768:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5748:
5746:
5738:
5734:
5733:
5729:
5721:
5717:
5707:
5705:
5697:
5696:
5689:
5679:
5677:
5668:
5667:
5663:
5653:
5651:
5643:Jha, Ramanath.
5641:
5637:
5629:
5625:
5615:
5613:
5601:
5597:
5587:
5585:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5557:
5555:
5543:
5539:
5529:
5527:
5515:
5511:
5501:
5499:
5487:
5483:
5473:
5471:
5459:
5452:
5442:
5440:
5428:
5424:
5414:
5412:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5388:
5386:
5374:
5370:
5360:
5358:
5347:
5346:
5342:
5332:
5330:
5322:
5321:
5317:
5307:
5305:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5282:
5280:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5257:
5255:
5247:
5246:
5242:
5232:
5230:
5218:
5214:
5204:
5202:
5199:The EastAfrican
5190:
5186:
5178:
5171:
5163:
5156:
5148:
5144:
5136:
5132:
5122:
5120:
5119:. 31 March 2006
5109:
5108:
5104:
5096:
5092:
5084:
5077:
5070:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5048:, pp. 7–8.
5044:
5040:
5030:
5028:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5004:
5002:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4976:
4974:
4971:The EastAfrican
4962:
4958:
4950:
4946:
4936:
4934:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4910:
4908:
4898:
4894:
4884:
4882:
4866:
4859:
4855:, p. viii.
4851:
4844:
4834:
4832:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4806:
4802:
4794:
4785:
4777:
4773:
4765:
4761:
4753:
4749:
4739:
4737:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4689:
4685:
4677:
4673:
4663:
4661:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4637:
4633:
4625:
4621:
4611:
4609:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4587:
4583:
4573:
4571:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4541:
4539:
4522:
4518:
4508:
4506:
4494:
4490:
4482:
4473:
4463:
4461:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4436:
4434:
4422:
4418:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4388:
4384:
4376:
4372:
4366:Des Forges 2011
4364:
4357:
4349:
4345:
4339:Des Forges 2011
4337:
4333:
4325:
4321:
4315:Des Forges 2011
4313:
4309:
4303:Des Forges 2011
4301:
4297:
4289:
4285:
4277:
4273:
4265:
4261:
4253:
4249:
4241:
4237:
4229:
4222:
4214:
4207:
4199:
4192:
4182:
4180:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4156:
4154:
4142:
4127:
4119:
4115:
4105:
4103:
4091:
4087:
4079:
4075:
4067:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4040:
4039:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4017:The Independent
4008:
4001:
3993:
3986:
3978:
3974:
3966:
3962:
3954:
3947:
3939:
3932:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3908:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3882:
3878:
3870:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3841:
3837:
3829:
3822:
3814:
3810:
3802:
3798:
3788:
3786:
3774:
3763:
3753:
3751:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3723:
3721:
3713:
3712:
3703:
3695:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3673:. 1 August 2022
3665:
3664:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3639:
3626:
3622:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3579:
3575:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3539:Amahoro Stadium
3509:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3398:
3332:
3305:Rugezi wetlands
3289:
3277:Kamembe Airport
3271:in Nairobi and
3133:
3128:
3079:AfroBasket 2021
3035:Amahoro Stadium
3031:
2898:
2812:
2808:
2703:Massamba Intore
2691:Indatirwabahizi
2678:
2614:
2608:in Kimihurura.
2586:Francois Karera
2545:
2413:
2346:
2341:
2287:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1803:
1749:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
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1548:
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1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
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1473:
1468:
1458:
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1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1235:
1189:neighbourhood.
1142:Masjid al-Fatah
1090:Nyarugenge Hill
1066:
1042:Nyabugogo River
1019:metasedimentary
1011:above sea level
944:
872:military tattoo
848:
835:a severe famine
809:Belgian forces
737:
735:Colonial period
665:
660:
654:
642:Cyilima I Rugwe
614:
467:
447:
433:
432:
406:
401:
396:
395:
378:
323:1,518,632 (87%)
223:
221:
206:
204:
200:
197:
192:
189:
187:
185:
184:
178:
177:
176:
175:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
164:
147:
146:
145:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
134:
112:
106:
105:
104:
103:
102:
101:
94:
85:
84:
83:
76:
67:
66:
65:
49:
40:
33:
28:
23:
22:
18:Kigali province
15:
12:
11:
5:
12607:
12597:
12596:
12591:
12586:
12581:
12564:
12563:
12561:
12560:
12555:
12549:
12546:
12545:
12542:
12541:
12530:
12528:
12527:
12516:
12505:
12503:
12492:
12481:
12470:
12459:
12448:
12437:
12435:
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12419:
12405:
12390:
12388:
12377:
12366:
12355:
12344:
12333:
12322:
12311:
12300:
12289:
12278:
12267:
12265:
12264:
12249:
12234:
12232:
12221:
12210:
12199:
12188:
12177:
12166:
12155:
12144:
12133:
12122:
12111:
12100:
12089:
12076:
12063:
12052:
12041:
12030:
12019:
12000:
11989:
11978:
11967:
11956:
11945:
11934:
11923:
11912:
11901:
11890:
11879:
11868:
11857:
11846:
11835:
11823:
11822:
11819:
11818:
11805:
11802:
11801:
11793:
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11785:
11778:
11770:
11761:
11760:
11719:
11716:
11715:
11695:
11694:
11687:
11685:
11683:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11667:
11662:
11656:
11653:
11652:
11645:
11644:
11637:
11630:
11622:
11613:
11612:
11610:
11609:
11604:
11599:
11593:
11591:
11587:
11586:
11584:
11583:
11578:
11573:
11568:
11563:
11558:
11553:
11548:
11536:
11531:
11522:French Embassy
11519:
11513:
11511:
11507:
11506:
11504:
11503:
11498:
11495:
11492:
11486:
11484:
11480:
11479:
11477:
11476:
11470:
11468:
11464:
11463:
11461:
11460:
11455:
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11321:
11314:
11313:
11306:
11299:
11291:
11285:
11284:
11277:
11276:External links
11274:
11273:
11272:
11245:
11222:
11216:
11190:
11167:
11161:
11146:
11140:
11122:
11112:on 16 May 2018
11096:
11090:
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11069:
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11048:
11033:
11027:
11012:
10986:
10967:
10944:
10925:
10919:
10901:
10881:
10858:
10835:
10829:
10816:
10793:
10779:(MINEDUC) and
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10721:
10715:
10700:
10694:
10679:
10673:
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10652:
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10327:
10321:
10306:
10300:
10278:
10272:
10255:
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10249:
10248:
10223:
10212:. 29 July 2019
10194:
10169:
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10121:
10096:
10068:
10056:
10026:
9998:
9969:
9944:
9915:
9890:
9861:
9831:
9817:. Authentic TV
9806:
9781:
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9695:
9672:
9650:
9628:
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9575:
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9378:
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9275:
9247:
9214:
9203:. 26 July 2019
9201:The Chronicles
9188:
9160:
9134:
9106:
9078:
9067:. 31 July 2010
9047:
9024:
8996:
8973:
8945:
8919:
8915:Eugene Uwimana
8889:
8877:
8849:
8821:
8793:
8781:
8753:
8738:
8712:
8710:, p. 439.
8700:
8678:
8653:
8628:
8617:on 20 May 2020
8598:
8573:
8545:
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8489:
8464:
8431:
8403:
8375:
8349:
8321:
8295:
8272:
8246:
8216:
8188:
8158:
8128:
8096:
8077:(in Chinese).
8066:
8040:
8012:
7984:
7982:, p. xvi.
7972:
7960:
7948:
7918:
7888:
7886:, p. 162.
7876:
7874:, p. 112.
7864:
7839:
7814:
7786:
7761:
7757:Kiregyera 2015
7749:
7723:
7695:
7678:
7655:
7627:
7615:
7598:
7586:
7560:
7548:
7537:. 7 April 2020
7522:
7494:
7492:, p. 106.
7482:
7451:
7423:
7411:
7382:
7355:
7327:
7299:
7287:
7259:
7231:
7205:
7175:
7150:
7125:
7114:. 1 March 2015
7097:
7071:
7039:
7011:
6983:
6955:
6927:
6899:
6873:
6847:
6826:
6800:
6774:
6751:
6738:The Chronicles
6720:
6708:The Chronicles
6691:
6660:
6634:
6604:
6578:
6553:
6528:
6497:
6469:
6431:
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6381:
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6085:
6066:
6054:
6029:
6004:
5985:
5973:
5961:
5949:
5937:
5922:
5910:
5895:
5884:. pp. 2–4
5857:
5829:
5817:
5800:
5778:
5756:
5727:
5715:
5687:
5661:
5635:
5633:, p. 217.
5623:
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5422:
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5340:
5315:
5290:
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5142:
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5102:
5090:
5075:
5068:
5050:
5038:
5012:
4984:
4956:
4954:, p. 479.
4944:
4918:
4892:
4880:United Nations
4875:Africa Renewal
4857:
4842:
4812:
4810:, p. 459.
4800:
4798:, p. 421.
4783:
4781:, p. 299.
4771:
4769:, p. 288.
4759:
4747:
4719:
4699:(1): 125–141.
4683:
4681:, p. 386.
4671:
4643:
4641:, p. 130.
4631:
4629:, p. 175.
4619:
4608:. 11 July 1973
4593:
4581:
4549:
4516:
4488:
4471:
4444:
4416:
4394:
4390:Stapleton 2017
4382:
4370:
4368:, p. 210.
4355:
4353:, p. 275.
4343:
4341:, p. 142.
4331:
4329:, p. 130.
4319:
4307:
4305:, p. 135.
4295:
4293:, p. 127.
4283:
4271:
4269:, p. 164.
4267:Stapleton 2013
4259:
4257:, p. 110.
4247:
4245:, p. 172.
4235:
4233:, p. 103.
4220:
4205:
4203:, p. 168.
4190:
4164:
4125:
4123:, p. 146.
4113:
4085:
4073:
4071:, p. 218.
4061:
4030:
3999:
3995:Cybriwsky 2013
3984:
3982:, p. 175.
3972:
3960:
3945:
3943:, p. 158.
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3498:
3495:
3455:Deutsche Welle
3397:
3394:
3331:
3328:
3288:
3285:
3194:"Tap & Go"
3156:, Burundi and
3132:
3131:Transportation
3129:
3127:
3126:Infrastructure
3124:
3030:
3027:
2944:(ULK) and the
2897:
2894:
2842:sweet potatoes
2807:lasting from 8
2677:
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2455:service sector
2429:Kigali is the
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1811:Kigali Airport
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1262:Global warming
1234:
1231:
1107:Mille Collines
1065:
1062:
1046:drainage basin
943:
940:
924:Liberation Day
896:Arusha Accords
877:Gérard Prunier
847:
844:
804:Swahili people
776:Yuhi V Musinga
736:
733:
715:of modern-day
664:
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653:
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594:service sector
525:of Rwanda and
471:pronunciation:
459:
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389:
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387:(Not Observed)
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11932:Guinea-Bissau
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10906:
10902:
10890:
10886:
10882:
10871:(NISR). 2012b
10870:
10863:
10859:
10848:(NISR). 2012a
10847:
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10509:
10505:
10499:
10496:. MIT Press.
10495:
10494:
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10287:
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10279:
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10264:
10258:
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10237:
10233:
10232:"Rwanda news"
10227:
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10207:
10201:
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10083:The New Times
10079:
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10040:
10036:
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10023:
10012:
10008:
10007:"Radio TV 10"
10002:
9995:
9983:
9979:
9973:
9966:
9954:
9948:
9941:
9929:
9925:
9919:
9912:
9900:
9894:
9887:
9875:
9871:
9865:
9858:
9846:
9842:
9835:
9828:
9816:
9810:
9803:
9792:. Isango Star
9791:
9785:
9778:
9766:
9760:
9758:
9749:
9745:
9741:
9737:
9733:
9729:
9723:
9717:, p. 35.
9716:
9711:
9705:, p. 34.
9704:
9699:
9683:
9676:
9660:
9654:
9638:
9632:
9617:
9613:
9607:
9592:
9591:
9590:The New Times
9586:
9579:
9564:
9560:
9554:
9538:
9532:
9530:
9522:
9517:
9511:, p. 35.
9510:
9505:
9498:
9493:
9491:
9474:
9470:
9464:
9448:
9444:
9438:
9422:
9421:
9420:The New Times
9416:
9410:
9395:
9394:
9393:The New Times
9389:
9382:
9375:
9370:
9363:
9358:
9351:
9346:
9344:
9336:
9331:
9315:
9311:
9307:
9301:
9285:
9279:
9264:
9263:
9262:The New Times
9258:
9251:
9235:
9231:
9227:
9221:
9219:
9202:
9198:
9192:
9177:
9176:
9171:
9164:
9149:
9145:
9138:
9123:
9122:
9121:The New Times
9117:
9110:
9094:
9093:
9092:The New Times
9088:
9082:
9066:
9065:
9064:The New Times
9060:
9054:
9052:
9035:
9028:
9012:
9011:
9010:The New Times
9006:
9000:
8984:
8977:
8962:
8961:
8960:The New Times
8956:
8949:
8934:
8930:
8923:
8916:
8904:
8900:
8893:
8886:
8885:Rollason 2012
8881:
8866:
8865:
8864:The New Times
8860:
8853:
8837:
8836:
8831:
8825:
8809:
8808:
8803:
8797:
8791:, p. 70.
8790:
8785:
8769:
8768:
8767:The New Times
8763:
8757:
8751:, p. 72.
8750:
8745:
8743:
8727:
8723:
8716:
8709:
8704:
8688:
8682:
8667:
8663:
8657:
8642:
8638:
8632:
8616:
8612:
8608:
8602:
8587:
8583:
8577:
8562:
8561:
8556:
8549:
8534:
8533:
8528:
8521:
8506:
8505:
8500:
8493:
8478:
8474:
8468:
8452:
8448:
8447:
8446:The New Times
8442:
8435:
8419:
8418:
8417:The New Times
8413:
8407:
8392:
8388:
8382:
8380:
8363:
8359:
8353:
8338:
8337:
8336:The New Times
8332:
8325:
8310:
8306:
8299:
8283:
8276:
8261:
8257:
8250:
8234:
8230:
8228:
8220:
8204:
8203:
8198:
8192:
8176:
8172:
8168:
8162:
8146:
8142:
8138:
8132:
8124:
8113:
8112:
8107:
8100:
8084:
8080:
8076:
8070:
8055:
8054:allAfrica.com
8051:
8044:
8028:
8027:
8026:The New Times
8022:
8016:
8001:
8000:
7999:The New Times
7995:
7988:
7981:
7976:
7969:
7964:
7957:
7952:
7937:on 7 May 2020
7936:
7932:
7928:
7922:
7907:on 7 May 2020
7906:
7902:
7898:
7892:
7885:
7880:
7873:
7868:
7853:
7849:
7843:
7828:
7824:
7818:
7802:
7801:
7800:The New Times
7796:
7790:
7775:
7771:
7765:
7759:, p. 30.
7758:
7753:
7737:
7733:
7727:
7712:
7711:
7710:Jeune Afrique
7706:
7699:
7692:
7687:
7685:
7683:
7674:
7670:
7666:
7659:
7644:
7643:
7642:The New Times
7638:
7631:
7625:, p. 94.
7624:
7623:Adekunle 2007
7619:
7612:
7607:
7605:
7603:
7596:, p. 81.
7595:
7594:Adekunle 2007
7590:
7574:
7570:
7564:
7558:, p. 25.
7557:
7552:
7536:
7532:
7526:
7510:
7509:
7508:The New Times
7504:
7498:
7491:
7486:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7458:
7456:
7440:
7439:
7434:
7427:
7421:, p. 55.
7420:
7415:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7386:
7371:
7370:
7369:The New Times
7366:
7359:
7344:
7343:
7342:The New Times
7338:
7331:
7316:
7315:
7310:
7303:
7296:
7295:Adekunle 2007
7291:
7276:
7275:
7274:The New Times
7270:
7263:
7248:
7247:
7242:
7235:
7220:
7216:
7209:
7193:
7189:
7185:
7179:
7164:
7163:Freedom House
7160:
7154:
7139:
7135:
7129:
7113:
7112:
7111:The New Times
7107:
7101:
7086:
7082:
7075:
7060:
7056:
7050:
7048:
7046:
7044:
7027:
7026:
7025:The New Times
7021:
7015:
7000:
6996:
6990:
6988:
6972:
6971:
6970:The New Times
6966:
6959:
6944:
6943:
6942:The New Times
6938:
6931:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6903:
6887:
6883:
6877:
6861:
6857:
6851:
6836:
6830:
6814:
6810:
6804:
6788:
6784:
6778:
6762:
6755:
6739:
6735:
6729:
6727:
6725:
6709:
6705:
6698:
6696:
6680:
6679:
6678:The New Times
6674:
6667:
6665:
6648:
6644:
6638:
6622:
6618:
6614:
6608:
6593:
6589:
6582:
6567:
6563:
6557:
6542:
6538:
6532:
6517:. 1 June 2017
6516:
6515:
6514:The New Times
6510:
6504:
6502:
6485:
6484:
6483:The New Times
6479:
6473:
6456:
6451:
6450:
6445:
6438:
6436:
6420:
6416:
6410:
6395:
6391:
6385:
6369:
6365:
6359:
6343:
6342:
6337:
6331:
6325:, p. 47.
6324:
6319:
6303:
6299:
6293:
6277:
6273:
6272:
6266:
6258:
6243:
6242:
6241:The New Times
6237:
6230:
6215:
6211:
6204:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6176:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6148:
6146:
6139:, p. 37.
6138:
6133:
6131:
6124:, p. 54.
6123:
6118:
6112:, p. 14.
6111:
6106:
6099:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6083:, p. 18.
6082:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6064:, p. 19.
6063:
6058:
6043:
6039:
6033:
6018:
6014:
6008:
6002:, p. 30.
6001:
5996:
5994:
5992:
5990:
5983:, p. 32.
5982:
5977:
5970:
5965:
5958:
5953:
5946:
5941:
5935:, p. 29.
5934:
5929:
5927:
5920:, p. 24.
5919:
5914:
5907:
5902:
5900:
5883:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5846:
5845:
5844:The New Times
5840:
5833:
5827:, p. 15.
5826:
5821:
5815:, p. 10.
5814:
5809:
5807:
5805:
5788:
5782:
5766:
5760:
5744:
5737:
5731:
5725:, p. 10.
5724:
5719:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5692:
5675:
5671:
5665:
5650:
5646:
5639:
5632:
5627:
5612:
5611:
5610:The New Times
5606:
5599:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5569:
5554:
5553:
5552:The New Times
5548:
5541:
5526:
5525:
5524:The New Times
5520:
5513:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5485:
5470:
5469:
5468:The New Times
5464:
5457:
5455:
5439:
5438:
5437:The New Times
5433:
5426:
5411:. 15 May 2015
5410:
5406:
5400:
5385:
5384:
5383:The New Times
5379:
5372:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5344:
5329:
5325:
5319:
5304:
5300:
5294:
5279:
5275:
5269:
5254:
5250:
5244:
5229:
5228:
5227:The New Times
5223:
5216:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5176:
5174:
5166:
5161:
5159:
5151:
5146:
5139:
5134:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5106:
5099:
5094:
5087:
5082:
5080:
5071:
5065:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5042:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4988:
4973:
4972:
4967:
4960:
4953:
4948:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4907:
4903:
4896:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4864:
4862:
4854:
4849:
4847:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4809:
4808:Dallaire 2005
4804:
4797:
4796:Dallaire 2005
4792:
4790:
4788:
4780:
4779:Dallaire 2005
4775:
4768:
4767:Dallaire 2005
4763:
4756:
4755:Dallaire 2005
4751:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4723:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4679:Dallaire 2005
4675:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4640:
4639:Dallaire 2005
4635:
4628:
4623:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4591:, p. 61.
4590:
4585:
4570:. 6 July 1973
4569:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4553:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4520:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4492:
4486:, p. 21.
4485:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4460:
4459:
4458:Lonely Planet
4454:
4448:
4433:
4432:
4431:The New Times
4427:
4420:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4398:
4392:, p. 34.
4391:
4386:
4380:, p. 96.
4379:
4374:
4367:
4362:
4360:
4352:
4347:
4340:
4335:
4328:
4323:
4316:
4311:
4304:
4299:
4292:
4287:
4280:
4275:
4268:
4263:
4256:
4251:
4244:
4239:
4232:
4227:
4225:
4218:, p. 46.
4217:
4212:
4210:
4202:
4197:
4195:
4178:
4174:
4168:
4153:
4152:
4151:The New Times
4147:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4122:
4117:
4102:
4101:
4100:The New Times
4096:
4089:
4083:, p. 24.
4082:
4077:
4070:
4065:
4049:
4048:
4047:The New Times
4043:
4037:
4035:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4006:
4004:
3996:
3991:
3989:
3981:
3976:
3970:, p. 39.
3969:
3964:
3957:
3952:
3950:
3942:
3941:Chrétien 2003
3937:
3935:
3927:
3922:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3886:, p. 18.
3885:
3880:
3874:, p. 18.
3873:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3857:, p. 37.
3856:
3851:
3845:, p. 58.
3844:
3843:Chrétien 2003
3839:
3833:, p. 61.
3832:
3827:
3825:
3818:, p. 44.
3817:
3816:Chrétien 2003
3812:
3805:
3800:
3785:
3784:
3783:The New Times
3779:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3699:, p. 11.
3698:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3617:
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3590:
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3577:
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3564:
3560:
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3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3511:Africa portal
3501:
3494:
3492:
3491:press freedom
3488:
3487:Freedom House
3484:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3460:The New Times
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
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3427:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3393:
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3341:
3336:
3327:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3293:hydroelectric
3284:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3260:
3259:Dar es Salaam
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3207:Bicycle taxis
3204:
3199:
3195:
3185:
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3175:
3171:
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3159:
3155:
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2879:
2875:
2871:
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2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2844:, beans, and
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2806:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2792:
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2759:Shooting Dogs
2755:
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2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
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2699:Gakondo Group
2696:
2692:
2682:
2673:
2670:
2669:Freedom House
2666:
2661:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2648:The New Times
2644:
2640:
2639:
2638:Lonely Planet
2633:
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2618:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2591:
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2579:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2549:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2523:, as well as
2522:
2518:
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2499:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2484:African Union
2481:
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2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
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2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2215:
2214:precipitation
2210:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
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2019:
2014:
2009:
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1994:
1989:
1984:
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1676:precipitation
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3884:Prunier 1999
3879:
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3831:Mamdani 2002
3811:
3806:, p. 4.
3804:Vansina 2005
3799:
3787:. Retrieved
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3675:. Retrieved
3670:
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3478:Imvaho Nshya
3476:
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3458:
3431:Radio Rwanda
3428:
3411:transmitters
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3310:loadshedding
3290:
3263:
3251:Central Line
3239:Rusomo Falls
3219:
3190:
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3113:Patriots BBC
3108:
3101:Rayon Sports
3075:Kigali Arena
3066:
3032:
3023:
2982:
2966:
2936:(KIST), and
2911:
2885:
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2831:
2828:staple foods
2821:
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2771:Hotel Rwanda
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2344:Demographics
2216:mm (inches)
1813:(1991–2020)
1678:mm (inches)
1251:
1246:
1236:
1209:is located;
1205:, where the
1191:
1170:urban sprawl
1167:
1146:Rough Guides
1141:
1138:Green Mosque
1127:
1109:hotels, the
1085:
1075:
1031:
964:
960:Mount Kigali
932:
885:
855:
849:
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720:
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645:
634:Mount Kigali
615:
567:
539:
523:took control
500:
492:primate city
482:and largest
463:
462:
300:Capital city
276:Capital city
47:Capital city
29:
12525:Ivory Coast
12513:(political)
12414:legislative
12348:Ouagadougou
12258:legislative
12098:South Sudan
12014:(factual),
11938:Brazzaville
11850:Addis Ababa
11749: /
11542: [
11525: [
11367:École Belge
11266:10 February
11184:16 February
11180:(WHO). 2017
11006:18 February
10961:19 February
10938:20 February
10241:19 February
10216:19 February
10184:18 February
10159:18 February
10137:18 February
10114:18 February
10089:18 February
10045:18 February
10016:18 February
9988:18 February
9959:18 February
9934:18 February
9905:18 February
9880:18 February
9870:"About TV7"
9851:18 February
9821:18 February
9796:18 February
9771:18 February
9688:16 February
9621:16 February
9596:16 February
9568:16 February
9543:16 February
9479:15 February
9453:15 February
9427:15 February
9399:15 February
9320:21 February
9153:10 December
8909:19 February
7579:8 September
7419:Fegley 2016
7375:23 December
7168:31 December
7143:31 December
7118:21 December
7090:31 December
7064:31 December
7032:21 December
7004:31 December
6840:25 December
5708:12 November
5680:12 November
5328:Google Maps
5303:Google Maps
5278:Google Maps
5253:Google Maps
5123:10 November
4835:12 November
4664:10 November
4351:Dorsey 1994
4216:Dorsey 1994
4081:Carney 2013
4054:21 December
3968:Dorsey 1994
3926:Dorsey 1994
3855:Dorsey 1994
3754:17 February
3616:Petit stade
3257:, to reach
3109:Petit stade
3067:Petit stade
3059:rugby union
3007:École Belge
2890:banana beer
2776:Eric Kabera
2590:Rose Kabuye
2582:past mayors
2517:cassiterite
1258:dry seasons
1215:golf course
1211:Nyarutarama
1082:Kinyarwanda
815:World War I
693:Lake Muhazi
618:Kinyarwanda
469:Kinyarwanda
451:.kigalicity
205: /
12573:Categories
12490:Seychelles
12386:Cape Verde
12370:Porto-Novo
12359:Port Louis
12342:Mauritania
12337:Nouakchott
12219:Mozambique
12148:Libreville
12142:D.R. Congo
12073:Somaliland
12008:(claimed)/
11877:Madagascar
11344:Nyarugenge
11239:24 January
11233:World Bank
11200:World Bank
10887:(Report).
10436:24 January
9924:"About Us"
9684:. KT Press
9612:"About us"
9268:26 October
9240:26 October
9181:25 January
9148:Al Jazeera
9127:25 January
9099:25 January
9071:25 January
9036:. KT Press
8985:. KT Press
8938:18 January
8933:Taarifa.rw
8731:26 October
8666:AfroBasket
8641:AfroBasket
8607:"Schedule"
8586:AfroBasket
8566:10 October
8239:1 February
8059:20 October
7648:9 February
7569:"Umuganda"
7404:24 January
7320:18 January
7085:BBC Travel
6763:. KT Press
6566:Mindat.org
6541:Mindat.org
6042:World Bank
5969:NISR 2012b
5957:NISR 2012b
5945:NISR 2012b
5888:24 January
5825:NISR 2012a
5813:NISR 2012a
5749:4 November
5654:1 November
5588:1 February
4977:9 February
4937:1 February
4612:2 February
4542:1 February
4531:The Tablet
4378:Geary 2003
4243:Louis 1963
4201:Louis 1963
4157:24 January
4121:Louis 1963
3643:References
3582:NISR 2012a
3569:NISR 2012a
3380:Under the
3377:patients.
3371:Kibagabaga
3330:Healthcare
3117:Espoir BBC
3071:Paralympic
3009:, and the
2908:initiative
2862:Brochettes
2643:BBC Travel
2580:. Notable
2533:Nyakabingo
2389:Protestant
2382:World Bank
2288:(≥ 1.0 mm)
1750:(≥ 1.0 mm)
1237:Under the
1219:Kimihurura
1155:share taxi
1130:Nyamirambo
1007:Mount Jali
995:Nyarugenge
747:, now the
656:See also:
582:Nyarugenge
409:Nyarugenge
293:Population
254:Government
12409:Cape Town
12400:executive
12364:Mauritius
12315:N'Djamena
12271:Mogadishu
12244:executive
12081:Jamestown
11737:30°3′34″E
11734:1°56′38″S
11510:Landmarks
11436:Transport
11353:Education
11326:Districts
10540:. Arrow.
10380:145263108
10155:. Kiss FM
10110:. GeoPoll
10064:RURA 2018
9744:0042-9686
9715:REMA 2013
9703:REMA 2013
9469:"Offgrid"
8807:France 24
8789:REMA 2013
8749:REMA 2013
8391:Soccerway
8202:France 24
8123:AllAfrica
7541:14 August
7246:The World
6323:REMA 2013
6137:REMA 2013
6062:NISR 2014
6047:3 January
6022:3 January
6000:REMA 2013
5981:UNDP 2015
5933:REMA 2013
5918:REMA 2013
5906:REMA 2013
5723:King 2007
5502:14 August
5180:REMA 2013
5165:REMA 2013
5150:REMA 2013
5138:REMA 2013
5098:REMA 2013
5086:REMA 2013
5046:REMA 2013
4853:REMA 2013
4713:213471539
4484:REMA 2013
4411:782062177
4023:14 August
3697:REMA 2013
3648:Citations
3629:RURA 2018
3608:Ruhengeri
3423:Rwanda TV
3407:StarTimes
3390:mutuelles
3230:Kagitumba
2896:Education
2886:ikivuguto
2784:Hollywood
2734:Kigali Up
2730:dance-pop
2714:dancehall
2397:Catholics
2393:Adventism
1151:Nyabugogo
1076:Kigali's
1064:Cityscape
1023:lateritic
991:districts
942:Geography
780:Lake Kivu
612:Etymology
535:Bujumbura
478:) is the
393:Districts
367:UTC+02:00
362:Time zone
304:1,745,555
285:Elevation
193:30°3′34″E
190:1°56′38″S
12539:Cameroon
12496:Windhoek
12485:Victoria
12452:São Tomé
12428:judicial
12395:Pretoria
12282:Monrovia
12262:Eswatini
12159:Lilongwe
12137:Kinshasa
12115:Khartoum
12068:Hargeisa
12061:Zimbabwe
12039:Botswana
12034:Gaborone
12023:Freetown
12011:Tifariti
12005:El Aaiún
11998:Tanzania
11987:Djibouti
11982:Djibouti
11855:Ethiopia
11797:Capitals
11675:Southern
11670:Northern
11597:Timeline
11581:Urugwiro
11339:Kicukiro
11202:. 2004.
11128:(2005).
10907:(1999).
10748:(2002).
10469:(2007).
10288:(2006).
10210:BBC News
9874:Archived
9521:OAG 2016
9509:OAG 2016
9497:WHO 2017
8835:BBC News
8693:22 March
7669:Infomusa
6886:Archived
6813:Archived
6787:Archived
6490:30 April
6462:30 April
6374:30 April
6348:30 April
6308:29 April
6282:29 April
6276:Archived
6193:29 April
6165:29 April
5354:The Week
5116:BBC News
4998:BBC News
4952:CIA 2007
4733:BBC News
4657:BBC News
4437:12 March
3897:"Muhazi"
3740:"Rwanda"
3612:Cyangugu
3544:BK Arena
3497:See also
3472:KT Press
3447:BBC News
3439:KT Radio
3375:COVID-19
3365:and the
3203:taxicabs
3154:Tanzania
3085:and the
3069:, and a
3017:and the
2817:umuganda
2811:am to 11
2800:umuganda
2747:100 Days
2584:include
2525:tungsten
2472:RwandAir
2333:Source:
2281:(37.54)
2212:Average
1795:Source:
1743:(49.56)
1674:Average
1187:Batsinda
1121:and the
1103:Marriott
1086:mu mujyi
1050:wetlands
1027:alluvial
1015:granitic
999:Kicukiro
979:Northern
918:for the
916:catalyst
840:Usumbura
723:(king),
697:Bugesera
578:Kicukiro
438:1st of 5
404:Kicukiro
237:Province
12534:Yaoundé
12520:Abidjan
12501:Namibia
12479:Tunisia
12463:Tripoli
12446:Morocco
12304:Nairobi
12298:Comoros
12287:Liberia
12276:Somalia
12253:Lobamba
12239:Mbabane
12230:Lesotho
12104:Kampala
12050:Burundi
11976:Senegal
11960:Conakry
11888:Eritrea
11866:Algeria
11861:Algiers
11833:Nigeria
11815:italics
11813:are in
11680:Western
11660:Eastern
11590:History
11360:Schools
10418:2682850
9872:. TV7.
8368:24 June
5793:16 June
5771:16 June
3677:5 March
3435:Kiss FM
3301:Ruhondo
3234:Nairobi
3228:or via
3174:Kampala
3170:Mombasa
2932:(KHI),
2882:Italian
2870:Chinese
2850:mélange
2846:cassava
2833:ibitoke
2795:Kwibuka
2726:R&B
2710:hip hop
2701:led by
2676:Culture
2569:cabinet
2553:(right)
2529:Rutongo
2424:(right)
2411:Economy
2276:(3.01)
2271:(4.77)
2266:(4.28)
2261:(2.55)
2256:(1.19)
2251:(0.40)
2246:(0.80)
2241:(3.49)
2236:(5.33)
2231:(5.08)
2226:(3.30)
2221:(3.31)
2207:(45.9)
2202:(53.6)
2197:(55.0)
2192:(52.9)
2187:(52.2)
2182:(51.8)
2177:(45.9)
2172:(54.3)
2167:(55.4)
2162:(54.5)
2157:(55.2)
2152:(54.3)
2147:(53.6)
2137:(61.2)
2132:(61.2)
2127:(61.0)
2122:(61.3)
2117:(61.5)
2112:(61.5)
2107:(59.7)
2102:(60.8)
2097:(61.9)
2092:(61.7)
2087:(61.2)
2082:(61.3)
2077:(61.2)
2067:(71.1)
2062:(70.7)
2057:(70.2)
2052:(71.4)
2047:(72.1)
2042:(72.1)
2037:(70.5)
2032:(70.3)
2027:(70.7)
2022:(70.7)
2017:(71.1)
2012:(71.6)
2007:(71.4)
1997:(81.0)
1992:(80.2)
1987:(79.3)
1982:(81.3)
1977:(82.8)
1972:(82.8)
1967:(81.3)
1962:(80.1)
1957:(79.3)
1952:(79.5)
1947:(80.8)
1942:(82.0)
1937:(81.5)
1927:(95.7)
1922:(89.6)
1917:(87.1)
1912:(90.3)
1907:(91.0)
1902:(90.3)
1897:(88.0)
1892:(87.4)
1887:(88.9)
1882:(88.2)
1877:(93.2)
1872:(95.7)
1867:(92.1)
1741:1,258.8
1738:(7.30)
1733:(7.56)
1728:(4.31)
1723:(3.46)
1718:(1.54)
1713:(0.41)
1708:(1.76)
1703:(4.24)
1698:(5.61)
1693:(5.63)
1688:(3.81)
1683:(3.93)
1669:(52.3)
1664:(55.6)
1659:(54.9)
1654:(55.2)
1649:(55.4)
1644:(54.5)
1639:(52.3)
1634:(52.9)
1629:(56.5)
1624:(57.2)
1619:(55.0)
1614:(55.2)
1609:(55.2)
1599:(61.0)
1594:(61.0)
1589:(60.6)
1584:(61.2)
1579:(61.5)
1574:(61.5)
1569:(59.5)
1564:(60.3)
1559:(61.5)
1554:(61.7)
1549:(61.0)
1544:(60.8)
1539:(61.0)
1529:(70.9)
1524:(70.9)
1519:(70.3)
1514:(71.2)
1509:(72.3)
1504:(72.1)
1499:(70.3)
1494:(70.2)
1489:(70.0)
1484:(70.7)
1479:(70.9)
1474:(71.2)
1469:(71.4)
1459:(81.0)
1454:(80.6)
1449:(79.9)
1444:(81.5)
1439:(83.1)
1434:(82.6)
1429:(81.1)
1424:(80.1)
1419:(78.6)
1414:(79.5)
1409:(80.8)
1404:(81.5)
1399:(81.7)
1389:(95.7)
1384:(92.8)
1379:(89.2)
1374:(91.2)
1369:(90.7)
1364:(89.1)
1359:(87.3)
1354:(87.4)
1349:(86.2)
1344:(88.3)
1339:(89.6)
1334:(95.7)
1329:(95.0)
1233:Climate
1227:Kanombe
1195:Kacyiru
1134:Islamic
983:Eastern
831:Gisenyi
800:Baganda
764:Burundi
713:Banyoro
652:History
620:prefix
592:is the
560:, with
527:Burundi
480:capital
444:Website
246:Founded
218:Country
12579:Kigali
12515:
12418:
12404:
12326:Niamey
12293:Moroni
12248:
12225:Maseru
12214:Maputo
12203:Malabo
12197:Zambia
12192:Lusaka
12186:Angola
12181:Luanda
12164:Malawi
12131:Rwanda
12126:Kigali
12109:Uganda
12056:Harare
12045:Gitega
11993:Dodoma
11965:Guinea
11927:Bissau
11921:Gambia
11916:Banjul
11905:Bangui
11894:Bamako
11883:Asmara
11711:
11665:Kigali
11483:Health
11467:Energy
11334:Gasabo
11318:Kigali
11214:
11159:
11138:
11116:1 June
11088:
11067:
11046:
11025:
10980:15 May
10917:
10875:18 May
10852:1 June
10827:
10810:11 May
10787:20 May
10781:UNICEF
10758:
10734:
10713:
10692:
10671:
10650:
10629:
10608:
10587:
10568:
10544:
10521:
10500:
10479:
10455:
10416:
10397:
10390:Rwanda
10378:
10340:
10319:
10298:
10270:
9742:
9290:10 May
9207:10 May
9040:19 May
9017:10 May
8989:10 May
8966:10 May
8870:11 May
8842:11 May
8671:21 May
8646:20 May
8621:19 May
8591:20 May
8510:26 May
8288:20 May
8229:]"
8117:21 May
7857:21 May
7742:11 May
7736:UNESCO
7675:: 2–6.
7515:26 May
7475:26 May
7444:26 May
7348:26 May
7280:25 May
7252:26 May
7224:26 May
7198:25 May
6976:21 May
6948:10 May
6920:10 May
6571:11 May
6546:11 May
6521:11 May
6399:11 May
6370:. 2012
6247:21 May
6219:21 May
5850:23 May
5745:. 2013
5676:. 2004
5616:21 May
5558:23 May
5530:23 May
5474:23 May
5443:23 May
5415:6 June
5389:17 May
5361:23 May
5333:16 May
5308:16 May
5283:16 May
5258:16 May
5233:16 May
5205:16 May
5066:
5031:11 May
5005:15 May
4911:10 May
4885:11 May
4740:11 May
4711:
4574:9 June
4509:9 June
4464:10 May
4409:
4183:21 May
4106:11 May
3911:6 June
3789:3 June
3724:11 May
3604:Butare
3453:, and
3419:Tele10
3388:. The
3361:, the
3351:Masaka
3297:Burera
3226:Kabale
3222:Gatuna
3166:Bukavu
3097:APR FC
3001:, and
2990:UNICEF
2880:, and
2878:Indian
2874:French
2858:isombe
2838:pulses
2813:
2809:
2606:Senate
2328:104.2
1818:Month
1790:110.1
1280:Month
1223:Remera
1203:Gisozi
1174:Kiyovu
1099:Serena
1003:Gasabo
860:Butare
729:Nyanza
717:Uganda
701:Gisaka
580:, and
574:Gasabo
488:Rwanda
464:Kigali
434:medium
428:(2021)
399:Gasabo
352:Female
241:Kigali
230:Rwanda
227:
167:Kigali
137:Kigali
39:Kigali
12474:Tunis
12468:Libya
12441:Rabat
12381:Praia
12375:Benin
12331:Niger
12309:Kenya
12153:Gabon
12120:Sudan
11971:Dakar
11954:Egypt
11949:Cairo
11844:Ghana
11839:Accra
11828:Abuja
11726:Long.
11722:Lat.
11546:]
11529:]
11260:(PDF)
11253:(PDF)
11229:(PDF)
11174:(PDF)
11110:(PDF)
11103:(PDF)
11000:(PDF)
10993:(PDF)
10974:(PDF)
10952:(PDF)
10932:(PDF)
10895:5 May
10865:(PDF)
10842:(PDF)
10800:(PDF)
10773:(PDF)
10430:(PDF)
10376:S2CID
10356:(PDF)
9982:IGIHE
8814:9 May
8774:9 May
8560:RSSSF
8538:4 May
8504:RSSSF
8482:4 May
8457:4 May
8424:4 May
8396:4 May
8342:4 May
8314:4 May
8265:4 May
8209:4 May
8181:4 May
8151:4 May
8089:4 May
8033:6 May
8005:5 May
7941:7 May
7911:7 May
7832:7 May
7807:7 May
7779:7 May
7716:6 May
6892:1 May
6866:1 May
6819:1 May
6793:1 May
6767:1 May
6744:1 May
6713:1 May
6684:1 May
6653:1 May
6627:1 May
6597:1 May
6424:1 May
5878:(PDF)
5739:(PDF)
4709:S2CID
3580:From
3567:From
3396:Media
3287:Power
3247:Isaka
3158:Kenya
3053:beat
3029:Sport
2866:tripe
2854:chips
2722:ragga
2695:mwami
2401:Islam
2322:13.6
2319:12.5
2301:14.4
2298:12.9
2279:953.5
2269:121.2
2264:108.8
2234:135.5
2229:129.1
1857:Year
1787:14.1
1784:17.3
1781:13.4
1766:11.1
1763:15.5
1760:12.5
1736:185.3
1731:192.1
1726:109.4
1701:107.7
1696:142.4
1691:142.9
1319:Year
1084:term
856:mwami
721:mwami
685:Tutsi
677:Bantu
673:pygmy
629:-gali
519:Tutsi
431:0.699
330:Rural
319:Urban
12320:Chad
12175:Togo
12170:Lomé
12093:Juba
11899:Mali
11809:and
11268:2020
11241:2021
11212:ISBN
11186:2021
11157:ISBN
11136:ISBN
11118:2018
11086:ISBN
11065:ISBN
11044:ISBN
11023:ISBN
11008:2021
10982:2018
10963:2021
10940:2021
10915:ISBN
10897:2020
10877:2020
10854:2018
10825:ISBN
10812:2020
10789:2020
10756:ISBN
10732:ISBN
10711:ISBN
10690:ISBN
10669:ISBN
10648:ISBN
10627:ISBN
10606:ISBN
10585:ISBN
10566:ISBN
10542:ISBN
10519:ISBN
10498:ISBN
10477:ISBN
10453:ISBN
10438:2021
10414:SSRN
10395:ISBN
10338:ISBN
10317:ISBN
10296:ISBN
10286:OECD
10268:ISBN
10243:2021
10218:2021
10186:2021
10161:2021
10139:2021
10116:2021
10091:2021
10051:ESPN
10047:2021
10018:2021
9990:2021
9961:2021
9936:2021
9907:2021
9882:2021
9853:2021
9823:2021
9798:2021
9773:2021
9740:ISSN
9690:2021
9667:2018
9645:2018
9623:2021
9598:2021
9570:2021
9545:2021
9481:2021
9455:2021
9429:2021
9401:2021
9322:2018
9292:2020
9270:2015
9242:2015
9209:2020
9183:2021
9155:2020
9129:2021
9101:2021
9073:2021
9042:2020
9019:2020
8991:2020
8968:2020
8940:2021
8911:2021
8905:News
8872:2020
8844:2020
8816:2020
8776:2020
8733:2015
8695:2022
8673:2020
8648:2020
8623:2020
8593:2020
8568:2015
8540:2020
8512:2021
8484:2020
8459:2020
8426:2020
8398:2020
8370:2019
8344:2020
8316:2020
8290:2020
8267:2020
8241:2021
8211:2020
8183:2020
8153:2020
8119:2020
8091:2020
8061:2022
8035:2020
8007:2020
7943:2020
7913:2020
7859:2020
7834:2020
7809:2020
7781:2020
7744:2020
7718:2020
7650:2021
7581:2015
7543:2020
7517:2020
7477:2020
7446:2020
7406:2021
7377:2020
7350:2020
7322:2021
7282:2020
7254:2020
7226:2020
7200:2020
7170:2020
7145:2020
7120:2020
7092:2020
7066:2020
7034:2020
7006:2020
6978:2020
6950:2020
6922:2020
6894:2020
6868:2020
6842:2023
6821:2020
6795:2020
6769:2020
6746:2020
6715:2020
6686:2020
6655:2020
6629:2020
6599:2020
6573:2020
6548:2020
6523:2020
6492:2020
6464:2020
6426:2020
6401:2020
6376:2020
6350:2020
6310:2020
6284:2020
6249:2020
6221:2020
6195:2020
6167:2020
6049:2021
6024:2021
6017:UNDP
5890:2021
5852:2018
5795:2024
5773:2024
5751:2015
5710:2015
5682:2015
5656:2022
5618:2020
5590:2021
5560:2018
5532:2018
5504:2020
5476:2018
5445:2018
5417:2018
5391:2018
5363:2018
5335:2018
5310:2018
5285:2018
5260:2018
5235:2018
5207:2018
5125:2015
5064:ISBN
5033:2020
5007:2018
4979:2021
4939:2021
4913:2020
4887:2020
4837:2013
4742:2020
4666:2015
4614:2021
4576:2018
4544:2021
4511:2018
4466:2020
4439:2018
4407:OCLC
4185:2020
4159:2021
4108:2020
4056:2020
4025:2020
3913:2018
3791:2018
3756:2021
3726:2020
3679:2023
3485:and
3475:and
3417:and
3415:Azam
3299:and
3224:and
3172:via
3164:and
3162:Goma
3115:and
3055:Mali
2988:and
2960:and
2762:and
2728:and
2604:and
2335:NOAA
2325:9.9
2316:7.9
2313:3.6
2310:0.9
2307:2.3
2304:9.8
2295:7.8
2292:8.5
2274:76.4
2259:64.8
2254:30.2
2249:10.2
2244:20.3
2239:88.7
2224:83.9
2219:84.2
2200:12.0
2195:12.8
2190:11.6
2185:11.2
2180:11.0
2170:12.4
2165:13.0
2160:12.5
2155:12.9
2150:12.4
2145:12.0
2135:16.2
2130:16.2
2125:16.1
2120:16.3
2115:16.4
2110:16.4
2105:15.4
2100:16.0
2095:16.6
2090:16.5
2085:16.2
2080:16.3
2075:16.2
2065:21.7
2060:21.5
2055:21.2
2050:21.9
2045:22.3
2040:22.3
2035:21.4
2030:21.3
2025:21.5
2020:21.5
2015:21.7
2010:22.0
2005:21.9
1995:27.2
1990:26.8
1985:26.3
1980:27.4
1975:28.2
1970:28.2
1965:27.4
1960:26.7
1955:26.3
1950:26.4
1945:27.1
1940:27.8
1935:27.5
1925:35.4
1920:32.0
1915:30.6
1910:32.4
1905:32.8
1900:32.4
1895:31.1
1890:30.8
1885:31.6
1880:31.2
1875:34.0
1870:35.4
1865:33.4
1854:Dec
1851:Nov
1848:Oct
1845:Sep
1842:Aug
1839:Jul
1836:Jun
1833:May
1830:Apr
1827:Mar
1824:Feb
1821:Jan
1797:NOAA
1778:6.9
1775:2.4
1772:0.6
1769:1.8
1757:7.4
1754:7.3
1721:88.0
1716:39.2
1711:10.3
1706:44.7
1686:96.9
1681:99.8
1667:11.3
1662:13.1
1657:12.7
1652:12.9
1647:13.0
1642:12.5
1637:11.3
1632:11.6
1627:13.6
1622:14.0
1617:12.8
1612:12.9
1607:12.9
1597:16.1
1592:16.1
1587:15.9
1582:16.2
1577:16.4
1572:16.4
1567:15.3
1562:15.7
1557:16.4
1552:16.5
1547:16.1
1542:16.0
1537:16.1
1527:21.6
1522:21.6
1517:21.3
1512:21.8
1507:22.4
1502:22.3
1497:21.3
1492:21.2
1487:21.1
1482:21.5
1477:21.6
1472:21.8
1467:21.9
1457:27.2
1452:27.0
1447:26.6
1442:27.5
1437:28.4
1432:28.1
1427:27.3
1422:26.7
1417:25.9
1412:26.4
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