2303:
60:
44:
1583:
2538:
1577:
1327:
128:
2527:
67:
589:
range of shops. The
Ismaili population in the village had been gradually declining and by 1930 none of the original inhabitants remained. Today Khawabi's inhabitants are mostly Sunni Muslim. Most of the Ismaili residents fled the village following disputes with the Sunni Muslim residents over land and livestock. The dispute ultimately prompted the Sunnis to invite
635:. Harat al-Saki retains much of its historical character, with its ruined residences, medieval walls and cellars. Although a number of residents of the citadel have built new homes by dismantling some parts of the walls, most of Harat al-Saki's residents have built relocated outside of the citadel walls.
643:
which is protected by double-walls. A narrow north–south path, from which two alleyways to the eastern and western sections branch out, runs through the middle of the fortress. Willey considered the remaining stone masonry of the outside walls to be "fine," disagreeing with Syrian architecture expert
612:
Between 1970 and 1998 much of the strongly-built area of the fortress's northern end was dismantled. The current inhabitants, who split into eight main families, own their homes in the village and are largely self-sufficient. Though they are connected to electricity, there were no telephone lines in
398:
renovated the citadel into a formidable possession in 1160, Khawabi had developed into an
Ismaili center. Part of Sinan's renovations included the construction of a tower at the citadel's entrance and the replacement of some walls. Khawabi became geo-strategically important for the Ismailis since it
621:
Qala'at
Khawabi measures 350 meters by 200 meters, having a total area of roughly 70,000 square meters. It has a single entrance which is preceded by two flights of shallow stairways acquainted for cavalry. The first flight consists of 20 steps, leading to the second flight which has 40 steps into
588:
During the French
Mandate, Khawabi became overshadowed by al-Sawda, with people traveling to the latter town for commercial transactions instead of Khawabi as in Ottoman times. While Khawabi rapidly declined, al-Sawda became a dynamic regional center having a clinic, a secondary school and a wide
473:
annexed and destroyed the citadel. From that point on, although the
Ismailis had continued to live in the area with limited autonomy under Mamluk rule, the dismantled fortress was no longer used for military purposes. The remainder of the castle's infrastructure was adapted for agricultural or
625:
The fortress consists of two principal sections, Harat Rashid al-Din Sinan (referred to as Bayt al-Agha by locals) and Harat al-Saki. The former occupies the upper area of the citadel and many of its historic characteristics, with the exception of its
638:
The eastern part of Qala'at
Khawabi contains the fortress's main defenses, although its northern end is also strongly buttressed. The latter part of the fortress possesses chambers meant for water storage. In the center of the fortress stands the
573:, an Alawite sheikh from the area. Sheikh al-Ali had used the citadel to store weaponry during the revolt. Most of its Ismaili inhabitants had been evacuated to nearby villages while a smaller number had emigrated the Ismaili-majority towns of
382:, acquired Khawabi from Ibn Hamid in 1111 and assigned its governorship to a local lord. However, author and expert in Ismaili studies, Peter Willey, writes that there is no evidence the Crusaders ever held it though they did refer to it as
630:
and stables, virtually disappeared with the construction of new housing in the 1990s. The visible parts of the wall in this section consist of thin reinforced concrete, typical of the architectural designs of the late
613:
1998. A house adjacent to the central citadel serves as the residence of
Khawabi's community headman. The citadel is currently registered as private property by the Syrian Directorate of Antiquities and Museums.
2302:
506:, along with several other subdistricts in the coastal mountain range. The Sha'ir family from Tripoli served as the governors of Khawabi in the 18th century after being driven out of
2043:
622:
the still-preserved gatehouse at the northern end of the fortress. The gatehouse has a double entrance protected by archways and its upper floor's windows have been enlarged.
2476:
2391:
593:
militias, who were also in conflict with the
Ismailis during that time, to assault the community. About 100 residents were killed and thousands more in the area fled to
2431:
2416:
666:
2122:
2496:
2491:
2411:
2257:
2560:
2451:
2441:
2287:
2282:
1509:
2486:
2436:
2386:
1653:
2187:
2127:
1438:
606:
288:
2421:
2023:
1807:
1663:
2142:
2033:
1403:
1727:
1504:
2575:
2570:
2541:
1871:
1315:
645:
1802:
1562:
2087:
1946:
1722:
1690:
1680:
1413:
88:
2346:
1859:
1763:
1739:
1705:
1638:
1552:
1443:
1037:
1902:
1418:
1408:
1398:
981:
1293:
1192:
1182:
1110:
529:. The administrative region of Khawabi contained a mixture of religious sects according to the Ottoman census of 1878, with
946:
670:
585:. The French authorities set fire to the citadel to punish the fortress village for its use against the French occupation.
307:
2355:
1547:
1241:
1148:
762:
446:. Az-Zahir's relief army was dealt a major setback when the Muslim force was nearly destroyed in a Crusader ambush at
1220:
1202:
1171:
462:, destroying all of its villages, Bohemond was compelled to withdraw from Khawabi and issue an apology to az-Zahir.
1812:
1308:
415:
443:
2080:
1283:
1262:
1127:
1081:
403:
2339:
2212:
1824:
59:
1648:
219:
525:, part of the larger province of Tripoli. The Ottomans constructed a mosque in 1892–93 named after Sultan
2381:
1376:
1301:
517:
became one of the 13 subdistricts of the Sanjak of
Latakia, then under the authority of the governors of
280:
1576:
1252:
1092:
2471:
1117:
904:
1231:
706:
2565:
2073:
1138:
1582:
1071:
929:
2481:
2332:
2096:
1323:
538:
466:
386:
and considered it an endangerment to their coastal mountain positions. A short time following the
1996:
554:
498:("Sub-District of Khawabi.") It was originally part of the Sanjak of Tripoli, part of the larger
272:
2247:
2242:
2017:
1273:
407:
120:
43:
478:
ended the tax on loom products, cattle slaughtering and shoe repairing for
Khawabi and nearby
339:
Like many of the other castles in coastal Syria, the castle of Khawabi has its origins in the
1184:
New Documents on the History of Mount Lebanon and Arabistan in the 10th and 11th Centuries H.
1159:
916:
198:
140:
1839:
1829:
1453:
208:
310:, Khawabi had a population of 1,039 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly
8:
2227:
2167:
2157:
1034:
770:
565:
by the French authorities as a consequence of Khawabi's participation in the anti-French
395:
2132:
1926:
1854:
1331:
566:
542:
451:
387:
323:
256:
152:
145:
318:
population until the early 20th century, and during the medieval period, its citadel (
2366:
2292:
2162:
2107:
1493:
1279:
1258:
1237:
1216:
1198:
1167:
1144:
1123:
1106:
1077:
411:
364:
1254:
A History of the Crusades: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187
2506:
2315:
1882:
1733:
1643:
1596:
1487:
1067:
459:
368:
296:
2376:
2252:
2237:
2172:
2117:
1964:
1782:
1465:
1356:
1041:
597:. Most of Khawabi's former Ismaili inhabitants relocated to the nearby hamlet of
427:
423:
399:
provided further defense for other Ismaili mountain fortresses to its southwest.
244:
232:
157:
2501:
2446:
2232:
2222:
2182:
2137:
2028:
2009:
1865:
1519:
632:
526:
499:
479:
435:
292:
465:
The Ismailis maintained their control over Khawabi until the beginning of the
2554:
2466:
2456:
2371:
2267:
2217:
2207:
2152:
2147:
2112:
1958:
1907:
1428:
1164:
A Modern History of the Ismailis: Continuity and Change in a Muslim Community
491:
103:
90:
947:
Ottoman Census Data: Minorities, Population and Problems on the Syrian Coast
394:
in 1141, they proceeded to conquer Khawabi. By the time the Ismailis' chief
371:. Khawabi later came into the possession of one Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Hamid.
2511:
2401:
2396:
2038:
1976:
1952:
1896:
1889:
1844:
1818:
1745:
1674:
1459:
707:"Al-Khawabi Citadel: A Heritage Threatened by Absentmindedness and Neglect"
570:
518:
348:
311:
322:) served as a center of the Ismaili community when they were known as the
2177:
2049:
1685:
1525:
1499:
1448:
447:
326:. The citadel itself has been inhabited since at least the 12th century.
284:
2461:
1752:
1658:
1617:
1476:
1381:
598:
557:
rule that soon followed the Ottoman defeat in Syria, the center of the
1939:
1876:
1849:
1711:
1700:
1633:
578:
356:
340:
189:
2262:
2065:
1834:
1717:
1532:
1514:
1433:
627:
562:
455:
375:
300:
276:
264:
169:
2324:
2516:
2406:
2277:
2272:
1668:
1609:
1470:
1386:
640:
590:
534:
530:
507:
475:
470:
439:
315:
164:
2526:
1194:
From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260
2202:
2197:
1970:
1795:
1695:
1623:
1557:
1541:
1423:
1369:
1343:
594:
574:
522:
503:
431:
426:
assaulted Khawabi in 1214. The Ismailis requested aid from the
419:
391:
260:
215:
194:
1233:
Muslim Fortresses in the Levant: Between Crusaders and Mongols
450:, on the approaches of Khawabi. However, after al-Adil's son,
1758:
1628:
1537:
1392:
1326:
602:
601:. There are two other Ismaili hamlets in Khawabi's vicinity:
268:
252:
133:
494:
era (1516–1918), the Khawabi citadel became a center of the
905:"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures"
582:
360:
344:
648:' generally unfavorable opinion of Khawabi's stonework.
458:, launched several raids against Bohemond's district of
769:. 2011-04-15. "Rehabilitation of Al-Khawabi Citadel."
502:. In 1563 Khawabi was separated to form the Sanjak of
267:. Khawabi is situated in a hilly area, surrounded by
533:
constituting 47% of the population which was 1,837,
251:) is a village and medieval citadel in northwestern
1094:
The Middle East, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Iran
1275:A History of the Crusades: The First Hundred Years
521:. In 1865 Khawabi was reassigned to the Sanjak of
2552:
1160:"Modern History of the Nizari Ismailis of Syria"
1105:(third edition) I.B. Tauris, London, page 140,
1044:. The Institute of Ismaili Studies. 2009-06-29.
851:
849:
438:, who in turn appealed to his rival and uncle
2340:
2081:
1309:
872:
870:
667:General Census of Population and Housing 2004
474:domestic purposes. In 1484 the Mamluk sultan
367:era. In 1025 the citadel was restored by the
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
1995:
1047:
846:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
2561:Archaeological sites in Tartus Governorate
2347:
2333:
2088:
2074:
1316:
1302:
1140:The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines
1119:The Isma'Ilis: Their History and Doctrines
867:
792:
790:
788:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
1190:
1090:
994:
765:. Originally published Al-Cheikh, Zeina.
720:
704:
553:In 1918–19, during the initial period of
314:. The village formerly had a significant
1250:
1066:
1010:
911:. University of Chicago Press. 1912: 80.
808:
616:
469:era in Syria. In 1273 the Mamluk sultan
1229:
1180:
1136:
1115:
1073:La région alaouite et le pouvoir syrien
785:
740:
2553:
1925:
1271:
1157:
2328:
2069:
1994:
1924:
1780:
1594:
1354:
1297:
1210:
941:
939:
662:
660:
259:, located 20 kilometers northeast of
2095:
1595:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
2576:Castles of the Nizari Ismaili state
2571:Populated places in Tartus District
2354:
1781:
1355:
1213:Extremist Shiites: The Ghulat Sects
355:("Citadel of Khawabi") was part of
248:
236:
13:
936:
705:Al-Cheikh, Zeina (May–June 2005).
671:Syria Central Bureau of Statistics
657:
422:, Bohemond and a reinforcement of
308:Syria Central Bureau of Statistics
14:
2587:
1278:. University of Wisconsin Press.
679:
378:, who referred to the citadel as
2537:
2536:
2525:
2301:
1581:
1575:
1325:
1076:(in French). Karthala Editions.
1016:Douwes, ed. Daftary 2011, p. 33.
416:Cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa
402:After the Ismailis assassinated
126:
65:
58:
42:
1103:The Monuments of Syria: A Guide
1059:
1028:
1019:
974:
965:
956:
897:
888:
879:
858:
837:
537:made up 19% of the population,
334:
255:, administratively part of the
66:
1143:. Cambridge University Press.
1122:. Cambridge University Press.
828:
799:
776:
485:
343:era (1200–539 BC). In 985 the
1:
1215:. Syracuse University Press.
651:
548:
1162:. In Farhad, Daftary (ed.).
513:In 1831 the citadel and its
275:. Nearby localities include
7:
2382:Chehel Dokhtar Castle, Qaen
1272:Setton, Kenneth M. (2006).
1236:. Taylor & Francis US.
1191:Humphreys, Stephen (1977),
1181:Hourani, Alexander (2010).
673:(CBS). Tartus Governorate.
541:15%, Sunni Muslims 14% and
10:
2592:
1091:Boulanger, Robert (1966).
1053:Willey, 2005, pp. 238-239.
773:: Faculty of Architecture.
329:
263:and 12 kilometers east of
2534:
2523:
2392:Estanavand Naruheh castle
2362:
2310:
2299:
2103:
2003:
1990:
1933:
1920:
1789:
1776:
1603:
1590:
1573:
1363:
1350:
1338:
1251:Runciman, Steven (1987).
539:Greek Orthodox Christians
205:
188:
180:
175:
163:
151:
139:
119:
84:
53:
41:
34:
21:
2477:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Kuhsorkh
2432:Kol Hassan Sabbah castle
1137:Daftary, Farhad (2007).
1116:Daftary, Farhad (1992).
1025:Boulanger, 1966, p. 443.
782:le Strange, 1890, p. 39.
16:Village in Tartus, Syria
2472:Qal'eh Dokhtar, Ferdows
2417:Kafar Qaleh, Mehdishahr
1997:Al-Shaykh Badr District
988:. E-Syria. 2010-04-29.
971:Hourani, 2010, p. 1059.
962:Hourani, 2010, p. 1149.
444:Ayyubid sultan of Egypt
359:("Military District of
2248:Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
2243:Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
2018:Brummanet al-Mashayekh
1230:Raphael, Kate (2011).
924:Cite journal requires
894:Daftary, 2007, p. 402.
876:Daftary, 2007, p. 389.
843:Daftary, 1992, p. 377.
737:Balanche, 2006, p. 47.
273:Coastal Mountain Range
2482:Qal'eh Kuh of Ferdows
2123:Al-Sheikh Deeb Castle
1211:Moosa, Matti (1987).
1158:Douwes, Dick (2011).
1007:Willey, 2005, p. 239.
825:Willey, 2005, p. 238.
767:Military Architecture
617:Fortress architecture
567:Syrian Coastal Revolt
207: • Summer (
104:34.97278°N 36.00222°E
2497:Qala Castle, Sarayan
1840:Buwaydat al-Suwayqat
1830:Bayt al-Shaykh Yunis
1454:Dweir al-Shaykh Saad
834:Burns, 2009, p. 201.
796:Burns, 2009, p. 230.
406:, the eldest son of
2492:Qala Castle, Nowzad
2168:Citadel of Damascus
2158:Krak des Chevaliers
1101:Burns, Ross (2009)
771:Tishreen University
581:in the vicinity of
571:Sheikh Salih al-Ali
561:was transferred to
543:Maronite Christians
396:Rashid al-Din Sinan
100: /
2412:Ispahbudhan castle
2133:Bani Qahtan Castle
1927:Duraykish District
1855:Khirbet Abu Hamdan
1332:Tartus Governorate
1040:2013-06-21 at the
864:Humphreys, p. 137.
763:Al-Khawabi Citadel
761:Al-Cheikh, Zeina.
609:to the northeast.
605:(to the west) and
303:to the southwest.
291:to the northeast,
283:to the northwest,
257:Tartus Governorate
241:Qala'at al-Khawabi
181: • Total
109:34.97278; 36.00222
2548:
2547:
2452:Mansur Kuh castle
2442:Kuh Zardan castle
2367:Abu Qubays, Syria
2322:
2321:
2293:Citadel of Tartus
2283:Qalaat al-Shaghur
2163:Citadel of Aleppo
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
1986:
1985:
1916:
1915:
1772:
1771:
1571:
1570:
1510:Majdalun al-Baher
1494:Khirbet al-Maazah
1111:978-1-84511-947-8
1068:Balanche, Fabrice
1035:Castle of Khawabi
855:Runciman, p. 138.
412:prince of Antioch
306:According to the
299:to the south and
279:and to the west,
226:
225:
2583:
2566:Castles in Syria
2540:
2539:
2529:
2507:Al-Rusafa, Syria
2487:Qala Castle, Mud
2349:
2342:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2316:Castles in Syria
2305:
2097:Castles in Syria
2090:
2083:
2076:
2067:
2066:
1992:
1991:
1922:
1921:
1883:Ras al-Khashufah
1778:
1777:
1644:Basatin al-Assad
1597:Baniyas District
1592:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1488:Khirbet al-Faras
1352:
1351:
1330:
1329:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1268:
1247:
1226:
1207:
1187:
1177:
1166:. I. B. Tauris.
1154:
1133:
1098:
1087:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1005:
992:
991:
980:Khalil, Ismail.
978:
972:
969:
963:
960:
954:
943:
934:
933:
927:
922:
920:
912:
901:
895:
892:
886:
885:Raphael, p. 106.
883:
877:
874:
865:
862:
856:
853:
844:
841:
835:
832:
826:
823:
806:
803:
797:
794:
783:
780:
774:
759:
738:
735:
718:
717:
711:
702:
677:
676:
664:
297:Khirbet al-Faras
250:
239:), also spelled
238:
212:
132:
130:
129:
115:
114:
112:
111:
110:
105:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
69:
68:
62:
46:
19:
18:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2530:
2521:
2437:Kuh Qaen castle
2387:Chimarud castle
2377:Atashgah Castle
2358:
2356:Ismaili castles
2353:
2323:
2318:
2306:
2297:
2258:Qulay'ah Castle
2253:Qasr Ibn Wardan
2238:Qalaat al-Madiq
2173:Citadel of Homs
2118:Castle of al-Al
2099:
2094:
2064:
2055:
1999:
1982:
1965:Junaynet Ruslan
1929:
1912:
1785:
1783:Safita District
1768:
1654:Bustan al-Hamam
1599:
1586:
1580:
1567:
1466:Husayn al-Baher
1359:
1357:Tartus District
1346:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1292:
1286:
1265:
1257:. CUP Archive.
1244:
1223:
1205:
1174:
1151:
1130:
1084:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1042:Wayback Machine
1033:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1006:
995:
989:
979:
975:
970:
966:
961:
957:
944:
937:
925:
923:
914:
913:
903:
902:
898:
893:
889:
884:
880:
875:
868:
863:
859:
854:
847:
842:
838:
833:
829:
824:
809:
805:Setton, p. 646.
804:
800:
795:
786:
781:
777:
760:
741:
736:
721:
714:Islamic Tourism
709:
703:
680:
674:
665:
658:
654:
619:
551:
535:Ismaili Muslims
488:
388:Nizari Ismailis
353:Hisn al-Khawabi
337:
332:
320:Qala'at Khawabi
271:groves, in the
206:
127:
125:
108:
106:
102:
99:
94:
91:
89:
87:
86:
80:
79:
78:
77:
76:
75:
74:
70:
49:
37:
30:
29:Qala'at Khawabi
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2589:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2546:
2545:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2502:Rudkhan Castle
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2447:Lambsar Castle
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2352:
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607:Brummanet Raad
555:French Mandate
550:
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527:Abdul Hamid II
500:Tripoli Eyalet
496:Nahiyah Havabi
487:
484:
436:az-Zahir Ghazi
363:") during the
336:
333:
331:
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293:al-Shaykh Badr
289:Brummanet Raad
287:to the north,
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48:Khawabi Castle
47:
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2467:Nimrod Castle
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2457:Masyaf Castle
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2422:Khanik castle
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2372:Alamut Castle
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2268:Sahyun Castle
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2228:Qal'at Ja'bar
2226:
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2218:Nimrod Castle
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2208:Masyaf Castle
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2198:Maniqa Castle
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2153:Chastel Rouge
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2148:Chastel Blanc
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2139:
2136:
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2113:Aleika Castle
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2024:Hammam Qanyah
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312:Sunni Muslims
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85:Coordinates:
83:
61:
52:
45:
40:
33:
20:
2512:Saru Castles
2426:
2402:Gahur Castle
2397:Furg Citadel
2312:
2192:
2143:Burj al-Sabi
2048:
2016:
2008:
2007:
1975:
1963:
1953:Dweir Ruslan
1951:
1938:
1937:
1897:al-Sisiniyah
1895:
1888:
1881:
1864:
1819:al-Bariqiyah
1817:
1813:Ayn al-Tineh
1794:
1793:
1751:
1744:
1732:
1710:
1675:Hammam Wasel
1673:
1616:
1608:
1607:
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1460:al-Hamidiyah
1458:
1404:Ayn al-Zarqa
1391:
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1367:
1340:
1274:
1253:
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1193:
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1139:
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1102:
1093:
1072:
1060:Bibliography
1049:
1030:
1021:
1012:
985:
976:
967:
958:
951:Tozsuz Evrak
950:
917:cite journal
908:
899:
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839:
830:
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778:
766:
716:(17): 60–62.
713:
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512:
495:
489:
464:
401:
383:
379:
373:
352:
349:al-Muqaddasi
338:
335:Medieval era
319:
305:
249:قلعة الخوابي
240:
228:
227:
2233:Qal'at Najm
2213:Montferrand
2178:Hama Castle
2050:al-Qamsiyah
1728:Ras al-Wati
1686:Kaff al-Jaa
1526:al-Safsafah
1505:Al-Madehleh
1500:al-Khreibat
1449:Duwayr Taha
1097:. Hachette.
990:(in Arabic)
675:(in Arabic)
633:Ottoman era
490:During the
486:Ottoman era
452:al-Mu'azzam
448:Jabal Bahra
408:Bohemond IV
351:noted that
347:geographer
285:al-Qamsiyah
165:Subdistrict
141:Governorate
107: /
2555:Categories
2462:Maymun-Diz
2108:Abu Qubays
1908:al-Tulay'i
1872:al-Malloua
1753:al-Tawahin
1659:Dahr Safra
1618:al-Annazah
1536:(includes
1477:al-Karimah
1382:Aqir Zayti
1377:al-Annazah
1285:0299048349
1264:0521347718
1129:0521429749
1083:2845868189
652:References
646:Ross Burns
599:Aqir Zayti
549:Modern era
369:Byzantines
341:Phoenician
281:Al-Annazah
176:Population
92:34°58′22″N
2313:Also See:
2044:al-Riqama
1940:Duraykish
1877:al-Mitras
1850:al-Kafrun
1825:al-Karama
1803:Ayn Hifad
1712:al-Qadmus
1701:Mqarmideh
1696:al-Marqab
1634:Ayn Qadib
1563:al-Zarqat
579:Salamiyah
430:ruler of
380:La Coible
376:Crusaders
357:Jund Hims
324:Assassins
190:Time zone
2542:Category
2263:Al-Rahba
1947:al-Baqaa
1835:al-Bitar
1734:al-Rawda
1723:al-Qulou
1718:Qarqafti
1691:Kharibeh
1681:Huraysun
1649:al-Bayda
1533:al-Sawda
1515:Maraqiya
1434:Bimalkah
1414:Baashtar
1341:Capital:
1070:(2006).
1038:Archived
986:E-Tartus
563:al-Sawda
531:Alawites
456:Damascus
424:Templars
301:Bimalkah
277:al-Sawda
265:al-Sawda
170:Al-Sawda
153:District
95:36°0′8″E
2517:Shahdiz
2427:Khawabi
2407:Gerdkuh
2278:Shmemis
2273:Shaizar
2193:Khawabi
1860:al-Maab
1764:Zallalu
1740:Taanita
1706:Osaibah
1669:Fneitiq
1639:Barmiya
1610:Baniyas
1553:Tayshur
1483:Khawabi
1471:Kafr Fo
1444:Dibbash
1387:Areimeh
641:citadel
628:cellars
591:Alawite
569:led by
559:nahiyah
515:nahiyah
508:Batroun
492:Ottoman
480:al-Kahf
476:Qaitbay
471:Baibars
460:Tripoli
440:al-Adil
428:Ayyubid
414:at the
404:Raymond
365:Abbasid
330:History
316:Ismaili
237:الخوابي
229:Khawabi
121:Country
73:Khawabi
36:Village
26:الخوابي
23:Khawabi
2203:Margat
1971:Fajlit
1959:Hababa
1903:al-Sur
1796:Safita
1624:Adimeh
1558:Yahmur
1542:Zamrin
1439:Bureij
1424:Bahuzi
1419:Bahnin
1409:Azzayt
1399:Arzuna
1370:Tartus
1344:Tartus
1282:
1261:
1240:
1219:
1201:
1170:
1147:
1126:
1109:
1080:
595:Tartus
575:Masyaf
523:Marqab
504:Jableh
467:Mamluk
442:, the
432:Aleppo
420:Tartus
392:Masyaf
384:Coible
261:Tartus
245:Arabic
233:Arabic
158:Tartus
146:Tartus
131:
2034:Maati
1977:Hamin
1890:Sebei
1845:Jenin
1759:Tayru
1746:Talin
1629:Aliqa
1538:Awaru
1393:Arwad
710:(PDF)
603:Awaru
269:olive
253:Syria
216:UTC+3
195:UTC+2
184:1,039
134:Syria
2039:Niha
1540:and
1280:ISBN
1259:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1217:ISBN
1199:ISBN
1168:ISBN
1145:ISBN
1124:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1078:ISBN
930:help
583:Hama
577:and
545:5%.
519:Acre
374:The
361:Homs
345:Arab
220:EEST
949:."
454:of
418:in
209:DST
199:EET
2557::
996:^
984:.
938:^
921::
919:}}
915:{{
909:28
907:.
869:^
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810:^
787:^
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681:^
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510:.
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434:,
410:,
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1153:.
1132:.
1086:.
945:"
932:)
928:(
243:(
231:(
222:)
218:(
211:)
201:)
197:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
